05 TM51175EN02GLA01 Radio Channel Types

LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

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LTE FDD FDD and and TDD TDD Mo Mo de: Rad Rad io Channel Chann el Types

Contents 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

Radio Channel Types Logical Channel Types Transport Channel Types Physical Channel Types Multiplexing of Channels

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

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Radio Channel Types

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

1.1

Logical Channel Types

Logical channels are in a one-to-one fashion associated with radio bearers. Logical channel types are used to distinguish the type of information transmitted within the attached radio bearer. The two major groups of logical channel types are therefore control channels for signaling and traffic channels for IP user data. Currently the following logical channel types are defined for EUTRAN signaling: •

BCCH (Broadcast Cont rol Channel): The BCCH is used to transmit system information regarding access and non-access stratum. It allows the UE to retrieve cell and network configuration parameters (e.g. PLMN code, cell identity, cell re-selection parameters, etc.) required for normal operation within EUTRAN.

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PCCH (Paging Control Channel): The PCCH is used to transmit the paging messages from RRC. Hence it is a downlink point-to-multipoint channel a UE is using when it is in LTE_IDLE mode.

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CCCH (Common Contro l Channel): The CCCH is an uplink (NOTE: DL is under investigation.) RRC signaling channel used by UEs to do the initial access signaling when it is in RRC_IDLE state and wants to enter RRC_CONNECTED state. The UE will send only one message (RRC CONNECTION REQUEST) and the rest of the communication takes place on DCCH.

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DCCH (Dedicated Contro l Channel): The DCCH is a bidirectional RRC signaling channel used for point-to-point (dedicated) RRC and NAS signaling procedures. It is the main signaling channel to be used by RRC_CONNECTED UEs.

MCCH (Mult icast Cont rol Channel): The MCCH is associated with MBMS. It allows the eNB to inform UEs that want to listen to broadcast or multicast service traffic about availability of such services and abo ut the associated MBMS radio bearer (point-to-multipoint) radio bearers. On the traffic channel side we have currently only two types defined: •

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DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel): The DTCH is used for user radio bearers carrying IP traffic. The eNB connects DTCHs with their associated S1-U tunnel to the SAE GW. DTCH can be bidirectional, uplink only or downlink only. DTCH are of course point-to-point.

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MTCH (Multic ast Traffic Channel): The MTCH is a point-to-multipoint traffic channel for MBMS. It carries IP traffic for broadcast or multicast services driven by the MBMS feature.

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

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Logical Logical Channel Channel •• type type of ofinformation; information; •• MAC MACpriority; priority; •• UE UE identification; identification;

Control Control Channel Channel

Traffic Traffic Channel Channel

•• signaling signalinginfo info (RRC); (RRC);

•• user user plane plane data data (IP) (IP)

BCCH BCCH

DCCH DCCH

•• broadcast broadcast control control ch.; ch.; •• system system information; information; •• downlink downlink only; only;

DTCH DTCH

•• dedicated dedicatedcontrol control ch.; ch.; •• dedicated dedicated RRC RRC signaling signaling with with one one UE; UE; •• bi-directional; bi-directional;

MTCH MTCH

•• dedicated dedicated traffic traffic channel; channel; •• IP IP user user plane plane data; data; •• bibi-or oruni-directional; uni-directional;

•• multicast multicast traffic traffic ch.; ch.; •• MBMS MBMStraffic trafficfor for broadcast broadcast or or multicast multicast MBMS MBMS services; services; •• downlink downlinkonly; only;

PCCH PCCH •• paging paging control control ch.; ch.; •• paging pagingmessage messagefor for LTE_IDLE LTE_IDLE UE; UE; •• downlink downlinkonly; only;

CCCH CCCH •• common common control control ch.; ch.; •• initial initial access access signaling signaling for for RRC_IDLE RRC_IDLE UE; UE;

MCCH MCCH •• multicast multicast control control ch.; ch.; •• MBMS MBMScontrol control information informationfor for MTCH; MTCH; •• downlink downlinkonly; only;

Fig. 1 Logical channel types.

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

1.2

Transport Channel Types

Transport channels are used as the basic transmission service offered by layer 1 to MAC. MAC will use transport channels to multiplex and demultiplex logical channels onto and from them. In contrast to logical channel types, referring to the type of information transmitted, transport channel types are used to indicate the transport characteristics. This means that certain transport channel type is associated with certain bit rates (transport block sizes, number of blocks), a transmission time interval (the time it takes to send one transport block set), delay, support for HARQ, support for beam-forming, support for DRX/DTX, and so on. Transport channels are always unidirectional, in the downlink we have the following: •

BCH (Broadcast Channel): The BCH is a transport channel with fixed transport format. It is used to transmit the BCCH in the entire cell. It will only support QPSK modulation and no HARQ or beam-forming is allowed.

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PCH (Pagi ng Chann el): The PCH is used to carry the PCCH. In contrast to BCH there might be beam-forming applied to PCH, but still no HARQ is available.  Also the channel supports at least QPSK and 16QAM as modulation scheme and DRX.

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DL-SCH (DL Shared Channel): This is the major transport channel in the downlink direction. It is used to carry mainly DCCH and DTCH. But also BCCH, MCCH and if required MTCH can be sent on it. The channel supports HARQ, beam-forming and all modulation schemes QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. The DL-SCH will support DRX and DTX on UE side to reduce power consumption of end terminals.

MCH (Mult icast Channel): The MCH is used for broadcast and multicast MB MS services. It thus carries MTCH and MCCH. It will allow at least QPSK and 16QAM as modulation scheme, 64QAM is under investigation. Obviously HAR Q cannot be supported as MTCH/MCCH are point-to-multipoint channels. Th is channel has a unique special property, as UEs are able to combine MCH signals from different cells using the same frequency (MBSFN= Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Networks). In this case all MBSFN cells must use the same MCH configuration and must be synchr onized with each other. In the uplink there are only two transport channel defined: •

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RA CH (Random Access Channel): The RACH is used as initial access request by the UE to the network. Currently it does not contain logical information, rather the RACH is formed by a special layer 1 preamble that acts as a channel request message. It is under inves tigation whether the RACH should be able to carry logical channel information.

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UL -SCH (UL Shared Channel): The UL-SCH is the only uplink transport channel able to carry logical channel data. Thus CCCH, DTCH and D CCH run over this channel. It supports HARQ and at least QPKS and 16QAM.

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

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Transport Transport Channel Channel (TrCH) (TrCH) •• transfer transfer characteristics: characteristics: •• delay, ision risk; delay, coll collision risk; •• supported supported block block sizes sizes and number number of of blocks; blocks; •• support support for forHARQ; HARQ; •• support support for for beam-forming; beam-forming; •• support support for DRX/DTX; DRX/DTX; •• coding coding (reliability); (reliability); •• static static || dynamic dynamic resource resource allocation; allocation; •• support support for for QPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM; 64QAM;

Downlink Downlink TrCH TrCH

Uplink Uplink TrCH TrCH

BCH BCH

RACH RACH •• random random access access channel; channel; •• carries carries no nological logical channel; channel; •• only only for for initial initial L1 L1 access access request; request;

•• broadcast broadcast channel; channel; •• carries carries BCCH; BCCH;

PCH PCH

UL-SCH UL-SCH

•• paging pagingchannel; channel; •• carries carries PCCH; PCCH;

•• uplink uplink shared shared channel; channel; •• carries carriesCCCH, CCCH,DCCH, DCCH, DTCH; DTCH; •• supports supports HARQ; HARQ;

MCH MCH •• multicast multicast channel; channel; •• carries carries MTCH, MTCH,MCCH; MCCH;

DL-SCH DL-SCH •• downlink downlink shared shared channel; channel; •• carries carriesDCCH, DCCH,DTCH, DTCH, BCCH, BCCH, MTCH, MTCH, MCCH; MCCH; •• supports supportsHARQ; HARQ;

Fig. 2 Transport channel types.

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

1.3

Physical Channel Types

The physical layer uses resource blocks (e.g. 12 subcarriers with 6 or 7 OFDM symbols) to transmit binary coded information in QPKS, 16QAM or 64QAM or OOK modulation form. Physical channels determine how data is processed and then mapped via dynamical scheduling onto resource blocks. Thus physical channels also in EUTRAN represent the available physical resources. Like transport channels, also physical channels are unidirectional. There is usually a fixed linkage between transport channel types and physical channel type used to transmit the transport blocks. Next to the physical channels that are used to carry transport channels, there are also physical channels that carry physical layer control data and physical signals that are mainly used for synchronization and measurement purposes. On the downlink side we have the following:

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PBCH (Physi cal Br oadcast Channel): The PBCH is the physical channel used to carry BCH (BCCH), in other words on this channel the system information can be found. It will use a fixed mapping onto resource blocks. There will be one PBCH per cell.

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PDSCH (Physical Downli nk Shared Channel): The PDSCH can carry DL-SCH or PCH. Thus this channel type will allocate most of the capacity in a cell. It is still under investigation how many PDSCHs a cell can have and how many PCH and DL-SCH a single PDSCH can carry.

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PMCH (Physi cal Mult icast Channel): This channel type is used to carry MCH. It implements the option of MBSFN where a UE receives the PMCH from several cells operating in the same area on the same frequency band. All the PMCH will be jointly decoded by the UE. This would allow a UE to do cell re-selection without interrupting MBMS services.

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PDCCH (Physical Downl ink Cont rol Channel): This is a pure physical layer control channel. It contains the scheduler signaling to inform the UEs abou t the coming downlink (and maybe also uplink) resource block assignments to PDSCH. The PDCCH will be sent in each subframe shortly before PDSCH starts.

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PCFICH (Physi cal Contr ol Form at Indicator Channel): The PCFICH is like the PDCCH a pure physical layer control channel. It indicates how many OFDM symbols are used to encode the PDCCH. So the order of decoding for a UE is to read first the PCFICH to get the PDCCH format. Then the PDCCH is decoded to find out which resource blocks to the PDSCH of interest for th e UE.

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DL  Synchronization Signal: There are two DL synchronization signals - a primary and a secondary one. Both consist of predefined code sequence to be used for cell detection and initial time and frequency synchronization. Both synchronization sequences are transmitted within slot 0 and slot 10 of each radio frame (frame type 1). The synchronization signals always use 2 subcarrier centered around the DC subcarrier. For the primary synchronization signal there will be three distinct code sequences defined, which one is applicable for a cel l is determined by the cell identity. This can be used as some form of cell color code to distinguish direct neighbors.

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

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Physical Physical Channels Channels // Signals Signals •• set set of of OFDM/SC-FDMA OFDM/SC-FDMA resource resource elements; elements; •• carry carry higher higher layer layer data data(physical (physical channel channel PhyCH) PhyCH)or  or  •• used used internally internally by byL1 L1 (physical (physical channel/signal); channel/signal);

Downlink Downlink PhyCH PhyCH

Downlink Downlink Signal Signal

PBCH PBCH

Uplink Uplink Signals Signals

DL DL reference reference signal signal

Demodulation Demodulation ref. ref. signal signal

•• pre-defined pre-defined2-dimensional 2-dimensional orthogonal/pseudo-noise orthogonal/pseudo-noise sequence; sequence; •• used used for forDL DL channel channel estimation, estimation,demodulation; demodulation;

•• physical physical broadcast broadcast ch.; ch.; •• carries carries BCH BCH (BCCH); (BCCH);

PDSCH PDSCH •• phys. phys. DL DL shared shared channel; channel; •• carries carries PCH PCHand and DL-SCH; DL-SCH;

•• phys. phys. UL ULshared shared channel; channel; •• carries carries UL-SCH; UL-SCH;

PUCCH PUCCH •• phys. phys. UL ULcontrol control channel; channel; •• L1 L1 information information

Sounding Sounding ref. ref. signal signal

•• 11 of of 33 pre-defined pre-defined sequences sequences(Zadoff-Chu); (Zadoff-Chu); •• associated associated with with cell-id; cell-id; •• used used for for cell cell detection detection and and initial initialtime/phase time/phasesynch.; synch.;

•• phys. phys. multicast multicast channel; channel; •• carries carries MCH; MCH;

PUSCH PUSCH

•• pre-defined pre-defined sequence sequence sent sent along along with with PUSCH/PUCCH PUSCH/PUCCH •• used used for foruplink uplink channel channel estimation, estimation,demodulation; demodulation;

DL DL synch. synch. signal signal

PMCH PMCH

Uplink Uplink PhyCH PhyCH

•• pre-defined pre-defined(long) (long) sequence sequence sent sent alone; alone; •• used used by by NW NW to to opti optim mize ize channel channel dependent dependent scheduling; scheduling;

PRACH PRACH •• phys. phys. random randomaccess access (channel); (channel); •• carries carries RACH RACH(access (access request requestpreamble); preamble); •• [in [in TS TS36.211 36.211 referenced referenced as as signal, signal, not notas as channel] channel]

PDCCH PDCCH •• phys. phys. DL DLcontrol control channel; channel; •• L1 L1 control control information information (scheduling (schedulingassignments); assignments);

PCFICH PCFICH •• phys. phys.control control format format indicator indicatorchannel channel •• L1 L1 control controlinformation information (no. (no. of of ODFM ODFM symbols symbols used used for for PDCCH); PDCCH);

Fig. 3 Physical channel types.

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

DL Reference Sign al: Reference signals allow coherent decoding and permanently repeated channel estimation. Therefore in each slot (and each resource block) some OFDM symbols are reserved for r eference signals and cannot be used for data transmission. The reference signals itself are created from an orthogonal and a pseudo-noise sequence. This allows efficient channel and phase detection at the receiver side. In the uplink there some less physical channels defined: •

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PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel): The PUSCH is the major uplink channel, because on it we will find the transport blocks of UL-SCH on which all radio bearers uplink occur. Like PDSCH also the PUSCH is dynamically assigned to uplink resource blocks. This happens via so called UL Assignments which are not completely specified yet. The PUSCH supports DTX, HARQ and at least QPSK and 16QAM. 64QAM is under investigation for this channel.

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PUCCH (Physi cal Uplin k Contr ol Channel): This is a pure physical layer control channel. One idea is to use this channel for UL capacity requests and HARQ  ACK/NACK indications by the UE as well as CQI (Carrier Quality Indication) feedback information to optimize CDS and MIMO.

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PR ACH (Ph ys ic al Ran do m A cc ess Channel ): The PRACH carries the RACH. Currently this means, that the PRACH simply transmits preamble sequences that act as initial access request for UL and DL resources when the UE is RRC_IDLE.

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Demodulation Reference Signal: Some OFDM symbols of the resource block assigned to PUCCH/PUSCH are reserved for the demodulation reference signa l. Like in downlink also here the reference signal is a predefined code sequence that allows the eNB coherent decoding of the transmitted SC-FDMA signal. Th e eNB derives from it phase and frequency correction, channel estimation and time synchronization.

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So undi ng Reference Signal: The sounding reference signal is a very long reference sequence that is transmitted by the UE only on explicit request by the network. It is used for a very detailed channel estimation especially when MIMO is in use. This information is required fo r efficient decoding, but also for efficient channel dependent scheduling (CDS).

1.4

Multiplexing of Channels

The following figure summarizes the logical, transport and physical channels of EUTRAN and their multiplexing. The multiplexing arrows are shown from point of view of the UE.

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

LogCH

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TrCH

Physical DL DL synch. synch. DL DL reference reference

DL TrCH

BCCH BCCH

BCH BCH

PCCH PCCH

PCH PCH

PBCH PBCH

PDSCH PDSCH

DL-SCH DL-SCH

PDCCH PDCCH

DCCH DCCH

PCFICH PCFICH CCCH CCCH

MCH MCH

DTCH DTCH

PMCH PMCH

UL TrCH MTCH MTCH

UL-SCH UL-SCH

MCCH MCCH

PUSCH PUSCH PUCCH PUCCH Demod. Demod. Ref. Ref.

RACH RACH

PRACH PRACH

Sounding Sounding Ref. Ref.

Fig. 4 Multiplexing of channels.

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LTE FDD and TDD Mode: Radio Channel Types

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