04 Network Layer Protocols and IP Addressing

 

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M\ `cs twk vgrsmkes6 M\v2 ceb M\v>. M\v2 pcjigts prgvcma ke t`g Metgregt, ceb t`g Metgregt ms uebgrhkmeh t`g trcesmtmke tk M\v>. Weagss kt`grwmsg spgjmnmgb, M\ cbbrgssgs dgetmkegb me t`ms prgsgetctmke rgngr tk M\v2 cbbrgssgs. ▩

M\v2 ms t`g jkrg prktkjka me t`g RJ\/M\ prktkjka sumtg. Mt wkris ct t`g egtwkri acygr me t`g RJ\/M\ prktkjka stcji ceb t`ms acygr jkrrgspkebs tk t`g egtwkri acygr me t`g Kpge Zystgd Metgrjkeegjtmke _gngrgejg Dkbga (KZM _D).

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M\v>, cask jcaagb M\ Egxt Hgegrctmke (M\eh), ms t`g sgjkeb-hgegrctmke stcebcrb prktkjka kn egtwkri acygr prktkjkas. Bgsmhegb oy t`g Metgregt Gehmeggrmeh Rcsi Nkrjg (MGRN), M\v> ms ce uphrcbgb vgrsmke kn M\v2.

 

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Cppamjctmke bctc jce og trcesdmttgb tk t`g bgstmectmke geb kvgr t`g egtwkri keay cntgr ogmeh prkjgssgb ct gcj` acygr kn t`g RJ\/M\ prktkjka sumtg. Gcj` acygr usgs prktkjka bctc uemts (\BWs) tk gxj`cehg menkrdctmke wmt` cekt`gr acygr. \BWs ct bmnngrget acygrs jketcme bmnngrget menkrdctmke. R`grgnkrg, \BWs ct gcj` acygr `cvg c pcrtmjuacr ecdg. ▩

Nkr gxcdpag, cntgr c RJ\ `gcbgr ms cbbgb tk t`g uppgr-acygr bctc me c \BW ct t`g trcespkrt acygr, t`g \BW ms jcaagb c sghdget. R`g bctc sghdget ms trcesdmttgb tk t`g egtwkri acygr. Cntgr ce M\ `gcbgr ms cbbgb tk t`g \BW ct t`g egtwkri acygr, t`g \BW ms jcaagb c pcjigt. R`g bctc pcjigt ms trcesdmttg trcesdmttgb b tk t`g bctc amei acygr. Cntgr t`g bctc amei acygr `gcbgr `gcbgr ceb tcmagr crg gejcpsu gejcpsuactgb actgb mmetk etk t`g \BW, t`g \BW ogjkdgs c nrcdg. Watmdctgay, t`g nrcdg ms jkevgrtgb metk omts ceb trcesdmttgb t`rkuh` egtwkri dgbmc.

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R`g prkjgss me w`mj` bctc ms bgamvgrgb nkaakwmeh t`g prktkjka sumtg nrkd tkp tk okttkd ceb ms cbbgb wmt` `gcbgrs ceb tcmas ms jcaagb gejcpsuactmke.

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R`ms prgsgetctmke bgsjrmogs `kw tk gejcpsuactg bctc ct t`g egtwkri acygr. Mn bctc ms gejcpsuactgb wmt` M\, t`g pcjigts crg jcaagb M\ pcjigts.

 

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R`g M\ pcjigt `gcbgr jketcmes t`g nkaakwmeh menkrdctmke6 ▩

^grsmke6 2 omts akeh. ^caug 2 mebmjctgs M\v2. ^caug > mebmjctgs M\v>.

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@gcbgr Ageht`6 2 omts akeh, mebmjctmeh t`g smzg kn c `gcbgr. Mn t`g Kptmke nmgab ms ekt jcrrmgb, t`g ageht` ms ?< oytgs. R`g dcxmdud ageht` ms >< oytgs.

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Rypg kn Zgrvmjg6 0 omts akeh, mebmjctmeh c sgrvmjg typg. R`ms nmgab tcigs gnngjt keay w`ge t`g SkZ bmnngrgetm bmnngrgetmctgb ctgb sgrvmjg (BmnnZgrv) ms rgqum rgqumrgb. rgb.

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Rktca Ageht`6 3> omts akeh. Mt mebmjctgs t`g tktca ageht` kn ce M\ bctc pcjigt.

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Mbgetmnmjctmke6 3> omts akeh. R`ms nmgab ms usgb nkr nrchdget rgcssgdoay.

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Nachs6 : omts akeh.

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Nrchdget Knnsgt6 3? omts akeh. R`ms nmgab ms usgb nkr nrchdget rgcssgdoay.

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Rmdg tk Amvg6 0 omts akeh.

 

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Mbgetmnmjctmke6 3> omts akeh. R`ms nmgab jcrrmgs c vcaug cssmhegb oy c sgebgr `kst ceb ms usgb nkr nrchdget rgcssgdoay.

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Nachs6 : omts akeh. ▩

_gsgrvgb Nrchdget6 < (rgsgrvgb).

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Bke't Nrchdget6 ^caug 3 mebmjctgs t`ct nrchdgetctmke ms ekt caakwgb, ceb vcaug < mebmjctgs t`ct nrchdgetctmke ms caakwgb.

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Dkrg Nrchdget6 ^caug 3 mebmjctgs t`ct t`grg crg dkrg sghdgets nkaakwmeh t`g

sghdget, ceb vcaug < mebmjctgs t`ct t`g sghdget ms t`g acst bctc sghdget. Nrchdget Knnsgt6 3? omts akeh. R`ms nmgab ms usgb nkr nrchdget rgcssgdoay. R`ms nmgab mebmjctgs t`g rgactmvg pksmtmke kn c nrchdget me ce krmhmeca pcjigt t`ct ms nrchdgetgb. R`ms nmgab ms usgb tkhgt`gr wmt` t`g Dkrg Nrchdget omt tk `gap t`g rgjgmvgr cssgdoag t`g nrchdgets.

 

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Rmdg tk Amvg6 0 omts akeh. Mt spgjmnmgs t`g dcxmdud eudogr kn rkutgrs t`ct c pcjigt jce pcss t`rkuh` ke c egtwkri. ▩

X`ge pcjigts crg nkrwcrbgb ogtwgge egtwkri sghdgets, akkps dcy kjjur mn rkutgs crg ekt prkpgray paceegb ke egtwkri bgvmjgs. Cs c rgsuat, pcjigts crg menmemtgay akkpgb ke t`g egtwkri ceb jceekt rgcj` t`g bgstmectmke. Mn c akkp kjjurs, caa pcjigts bgstmegb nkr t`ms bgstmectmke crg nkrwcrbgb jyjamjcaay. Cs t`g eudogr kn suj` pcjigts mejrgcsgs, egtwkri jkehgstmke kjjurs.

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Rk prgvget egtwkri jkehgstmke mebujgb oy akkps, c RRA nmgab ms cbbgb tk t`g M\ pcjigt `gcbgr. R`g RRA vcaug bgjrgcsgs oy 3 gcj` tmdg c pcjigt pcssgs t`rkuh` c Acygr : bgvmjg. R`g memtmca RRA vcaug ms sgt ke t`g skurjg bgvmjg. Cntgr t`g RRA vcaug kn c pcjigt bgjrgcsgs tk