03 Paint Types

What Is Paint?

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Manufacturing a paint

• Paint production is a •

complex production process Here, we have simplified the process by showing some of the most important steps.

Paint technology / What is paint1

Paint School

Manufacturing a paint

• Paint production is a •

complex production process Here, we have simplified the process by showing some of the most important steps.

Paint technology / What is paint1

Paint School

Paint consist of:

•Binder •Colour pigments •Extenders •olvents •!dditives

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Composition of paints Paints Binder Natural Resin •Drying oil •Coal Tar  Tar  • Nitrocellulose Synthetic Resin •Alkyd •C  •!po"y •Polyester  •Polyurethane •#ilicate •$inyl Paint School

Pigments

Solvents

Additives

Colouring

Hydro carbons

Wetting Wett ing agent a gent

Extender

%etones

Anti-settling

nhibitive !igm"

Esters

$rier

Cathodically !rotective

Ethers

Anti-s#inner

Alcohols

Plasticiser

Biocides

Water

The properties of a paint will be decided by the binder •

"hree generic type of binders are applied to test panels# !l$yd, epoxy and polyurethane

•

Exposed to sunlight, water chemicals

•

%ifferent properties are demonstrated.

•

&mportant to select the correct type of paint for the purpose Paint technology / What is paint2

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Curing mechanism of binders Oxidising • !l$yd

Chemically curing

Physically drying • Chlorinated rubber • 'inyl • !crylic • !sphalt • "ar

• Polyurethane

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• Epoxy

• Polyester • ilicate

Physical drying. Solvent borne paints #ol(ents e(aporating

Poly)er )olecules are packing-

Poly)er )olecules stick together *no che)ical +onds,-

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Curing mechanism of two -pack paints #ol(ents e(aporating

 Poly)er

 Curing agent *hardener,

Poly)er 0 hardener )olecules reacted to or) a ne che)ical su+stance-

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Mixing of twopac! paints "isual mixing control

•

A dark +ase )akes it easy to see hen the )i"ing is co)plete

•

t is diicult to (eriy  proper )i"ing hen the  +ase is clear 

•

nsuicient )i"ing results in reduced  protecti(e properties o the paint syste) Application- 5i"ingcontrol1

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The surface tolerance depends on the penetrating properties of the binder  $inyl Chlorinated ru++er  !po"y Polyurethane

7rethane alkyd #urace tolerant paint!po"y 5astic

Alkyd 8oiled linseed oil a linseed oil

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#ust pre$enti$e pigments

• (ed lead • )inc chromate • )inc phosphate • )inc

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Colour pigments

"ypes*colours# • &norganic# (ed + yellow + brown + blac$ • rganic# !ll shades • "itanium dioxide# -hite unction# • Hiding power • (e/uired colour • Protects the binder from degradation by the 0'+light Paint School

%xtender pigments

• &mproves the corrosion protective properties • &mproves the resistance to water and • • •

chemicals &mproves the application properties "a$es up stresses in the paint film 1loss control

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%xtenders &fillers'

• "alc 23g silicate fibre4 • Barium sulphate • 3icrodol 2%olomite4 • China clay 2!l silicate4 • Potassium carbonate • 3ica 2Potassium or !luminium silicate4

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%xtenders (tress reducing pigments

• !luminium fla$es • 1lass fla$es • "alc 23g silicate fibre4 • 3ica 2Potassium, !luminium silicate4

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Solvents / diluents

• Dissol(e the +inder  • 9i(e loer (iscosity • 9i(e application properties or +rush: roller: spray

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Solvents / diluents , eamples • Water  • White #pirit • ;ylen • Toluen •

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What is the *ifference +etween a Paint, a "arnish and a (tain ? )nly matt or satin *inish

Binder Pigments

Paint

Extenders Solvents &arnish Additives Stain

&ehicle' Binder ( solvents Paint School

Corrosion protection by paints

or corrosion prevention with paints, three main principles are employed#

• Barrier effect • &nhibitor effect • 1alvanic effect

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)n imper$ious coating ser$es as an inert barrier to protect the surface )per(ious to ions: o"ygen: car+on dio"ide ?o )oisture trans)ission ,nd coat +st coat Primer Steel No voids at inter*ace Strong adhering to accumulate ater coating thoroughly ets steel sur*ace Clean sur*ace - no salts Physical as ell as to create osmotic blistering chemical adhesion Paint School

!arrier effect Why are so)e paints pig)ented ith alu)iniu) or glasslakes @

Water  Paint ith glass or  alu)iniu) lakes

#teel la$e+formed pigments ma$e it more difficult for moisture to reach the steel as the distance becomes longer. Paint School

Corrosion protection by paintsThe barrier effect

• -hen paint is applied to

• •

a structure a barrier is created between the substrate material and the surrounding environment ! thic$ paint film will give a better barrier than a thin film "he barrier effect can be further improved by adding fla$e formed pigments to the paint.

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Paint technology/ Paint +arrier eect1

"nhibition 5oisture A+sorption onisation o nhi+itor  eaction ith #teel #urace Passi(e layer or)s 2nd Coat 1st Coat nhi+iti(e Pri)er  #teel 5oisture )ay penetrate to reach the inhi+iti(e  pri)er here the reacti(e pig)ents are acti(ated: hich in turn  passi(ate the )etal su+strate at the coating/)etal interace> Paint School

Cathodically protecti$e pigments Da)age in coating to steel surace 5oisture allos inc to ioniBe: cathodically protecting the steel> #uperior adhesion pre(ents coating undercut ,nd )rganic /o!coat

.n

,(

norganic .inc Primer

Steel

An inorganic .inc !rimer reacts to !rotect the steel substrate hen the to!coat is damaged"

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Penetration of moisture 0oisture trans*er through a coating ith excellent adhesion

5oisture (apour  e(aporating

5oisture (apour   penetrating

Steel

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3 Coat syste) #trong adhesion

Penetration of moisture in areas with poor adhesion. A three coat system ,"  5oisture +" 5oisture (apour   penetrating into (oid  *Poor adhesion,

Steel

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1" $apour pressure lits coats in areas ith poor adhesion

.eneric types of paint

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)l!yd "he word is divided in two parts to ma$e it understandable# !56 7% 21erman4

!5 C&% 2English4

!5 is coming from alcohol, C&% or 867%9 rom the English word acid. )l!yd is made from organic alcohol / acid / oil

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#lkyd paints

Properties Advantages •

1ood application properties

• • • • • • •

:+component 1ood weather durability 1ood wetting properties 1ood recoatability 1ood levelling properties

2imitations •

Poor chemical resistance 2especially against al$aline4

•

5imited water resistance 2submerged4

•

5imited solvent resistance

•

5imited film thic$ness per coat

• •

Poor adhesion to C(

1ood gloss retention %ry heat resistant up to :;< =C.

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>ever to be used on )inc

Modified )l!yd paints • (tyrene al!yds + ?uic$er drying • (ilicone al!yds + better gloss retention • 0rethane al!yds + ?uic$er drying, better water and chemical resistance. Can be applied in thic$er coats 2@ewbuildings * 3aintenance • Ballast tan$s and Cargo tan$s • !ll exterior and interior surfaces, above and below water

Sur*ace !re!aration

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• t ; to a ; or -ater Aetted,

3agnesium descaled or shop primed steel

%xperience When using %poxy paints • • • • • • •

Correct mixing ratio 1ood mixing Potlife &nduction time Correct pre+ treatment Correct film thic$ness !de/uate ventilation

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• "emperature dependent curing

• !void high humidity • 3inimum and maximum curing times

• "ime for fully cured • 0se epoxy thinner • Health and epoxy

Polyurethane paints

Properties )d$antages

1imitations

• 'ery good weather • • • •

resistance Excellent gloss durability 'ery good chemical resistance 'ery good solvent resistance Cures down to < DC

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• ;+pac$ • 3ay cause s$in irritation • vercoating time

Polyurethane paints

Where to use

Segments

• • •

hips ffshore &ndustry

)b3ects

• •

>ewbuildings * 3aintenance !ll exterior substrates above water 2!lso internal at times4

•

n top of Epoxy, Epoxy 3astic and Polyester coatings

Sur*ace !re!aration

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0"  1ight

.loss #etention for "arious Paints 4loss

3ours accelerated testing Paint School

4inc %poxy

Properties )d$antages • • • • • •

Chemically curing 1ood corrosion protection 1ood adhesion (e/uire min. a ;  1ood mechanical strength 3ay be recoated with all types of paint, except !l$yd

•

%ry heat resistant up to :;< =C

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1imitations • "emperature dependent • ;+component • ilm thic$ness# ;G + G< µm

• >ot acid+ and al$aline resistant 2(esistant between pH G+4

4inc %poxy paints

Where to use Segments

)b3ects

• hips • ffshore • &ndustry • >ewbuildings * 3aintenance • !ll exterior and interior

obAects above and below water 2as holding primer for underwater use ;