02 Estrutura Da Madeira A

August 1, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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TF[RLÁH PßKILDH BFCF[JI VGLRF[TLCJCF BFCF[JI CH PJ[Ê LGTSLSVSH CF SFDGHIHALJ BJDVICJCF CF FGAFGEJ[LJ DLRLI BFD/LSFD/VBPJ BJDVICJCF A[VPH CF JGÊILTF FUPF[LMFGSJI CF FTS[VSV[J FTS[VSV[JT T F MJSF[LJLT

Prhb. Cr. Jidfkíjcfs Gfaräh Mjdïch

 

 

Dijsslbldjáäh khtëgldj cjs êrvhrfs utlilzjcjs

fstruturjimfgtf   Almghspfrmjs  hgcf j dijssf mjls lmphrtjgtf ì j cjs 

’dhgíbfrjs”, ’mjcflrjs mhifs” hu ’shbtwhhcs”. Fx? Js fspìdlfs ch aïgfrh Plgus, Plgeh ch Pjrjgê, Tfquôlj Alajgtf ftd.    Jgalhspfrmjs  säh



js pijgtjs mjls dhmpiftjs f

hrajglzjcjs (mhghdhtlifcógfjs   hu cldhtlifcógfjs ). Fm fstruturjs sô säh utlilzjcjs js ’cldhtlifcógfjs” , ’mjcflrjs curjs” hu ’ejrcwhhcs”. Fx? Mjájrjgcukj, Tuduplrj, fspìdlfs ch aïgfrh Fudjilptus ftd.

 

-’Dhgíbfrjs”,’Mjcflrjs-mhifs ”

hu ’Thbtwhhcs”.

 

’Cldhtlifcógfjs ”,

’Mjcflrjs-curjs” ’Ejrcwhhcs”.

hu

PJ[LDÊ

 

 Blslhihalj

f Drfsdlmfgth cj Êrvhrf

  Ì gfdfssêrlj p/ h fgtfgclmfgth cj gjturfzj jglshtrôpldj cj mjcflrj>  Drfsdlmfgth lgldlji gj clrfáäh vfrtldji f jumfgth ch clëmftrh ch trhgdh jtrjvìs cj bhrmjáäh cf djmjcjs sudfsslvjs> 



Bhgtf? ettp?//srs.ci.jd.un/jrde/T[CJ[00-0:/shbtwhhcXstrudturf.etm

 

 Blslhihalj

f Drfsdlmfgth cj Êrvhrf



ì dhgtíguh dhm vjrljáöfs quf cfpfgcfm cj   Drfsdlmfgth fspìdlf f cjs dhgcláöfs dilmêtldjs>

  Ch phgth cf vlstj mjdrhsdôpldh, js djmjcjs jpjrfdfm gj bhrmj cf jgìls cf drfsdlmfgth, Blaurj :? 

 

Mfcuij

Curëmfg Jikurgh

Ifgeh Dëmklh Djsdj

 

Djmjcjs cf Drfsdlmfgth * Djsdj -   prhtfáäh fxtfrgj cj êrvhrf, sfdhs f dhmphstj mhrths f cf tfmtfdlchs dhmh bugáäh j prhtfáäh ch bustf •Dëmklh hu Iíkfr   - djmjcj fxtrfmjmfgtf cfiajcj (jpjrfgtfmfgtf biulcj) hgcf sf hrlalgjm fifmfgths jgjtómldhs quf väh dhgstltulr h ifgeh f j djsdj.

Dëmklh Djsdj

Ì rfsphgsêvfi pfih drfsdlmfgth rjclji cj êrvhrf, trjgsphrtf f cfpôslth cf jilmfgth.

 

Mfcuij

Jikurgh  Curëmfg   Jikurgh

*  Ifgeh -  ì h dhgougth chs jgìls cf drfsdlmfgth f phcf sfr clvlclch fm? *  Jikurgh  Jikurgh  -  djmjcj mjls pfrmfêvfi j iíqulchs f ajsfs, afrjimfgtf mjls dijrj (dìiuijs vlvjs)> d/ khj rfslstïgdlj mfdëgldj f mjls susdftívfi jhs jtjquf jtjqufs klhiôaldhs (jkugcjgtf gjs êrvhrfs mjls ohvfgs)

* Dfrgf hu Curëmfg  - djmjcj Ifgeh bhrmjcj p/ dìiuijs lgjtlvjs, afrjimfgtf mjls cfgsj, d/ mjlhr rfslstïgdlj mfdëgldj, mfghr pfrmfjklilcjcf f mjlhr * Mfcuij - tfdlch mjdlh rfsuitjgtf ch rfslstïgdlj jh jtjquf cf bugahs drfsdlmfgth vfrtldji cj êrvhrf, fm thrgh ch f lgsfths (bugáäh sustfgtjáäh ch quji sf vfrlbldj h prlmflrh drfsdlmfgth cj trhgdh). mjcflrj> afrjimfgtf ì j pjrtf ch trhgdh mjls brjdj f cfbfltuhsj.

 

 Jgjthmlj 

ch Sfdlch Ifgehsh

  J cfsdrláäh jgjtómldj cj mjcflrj tfm j blgjilcjcf cf

hktfr pjrëmftrhs pjrj suj lcfgtlbldjáäh>   Vtlilzj-sf dhmh kjsf js fstruturjs hksfrvjcjs ghs dhrtfs trjgsvfrsjls, rjcljls f tjgafgdljls>



 J mjcflrj ì dhgstltuícj prlgdlpjimfgtf p/ dìiuijs jihgajcjs d/ vjzlh lgtfrgh, mjs tfgch tjmjgeh f bhrmjs vjrljcjs>



  Gh dhrtf cj mjcflrj jtrjvìs cf mldrhsdôplh thrgj-sf phssívfi lcfgtlbldjr hs fifmfgths jgjtómldhs? trjqufícfs, vjshs, blkrjs f rjlhs mfcuijrfs>



 

   Js dhgíbfrjs?  säh dhgstltuícjs prlgdlpjimfgtf phr trjqufícfs  f rjlhs mfcuijrfs quf tïm dhmh bugáäh trjgsphr j sflvj krutj f cjr rfslstïgdlj r fslstïgdlj f rlalcfz à mjcflrj? 

Dhrtfs Srjgsvfrsji, [jclji f Sjgafgdlji

 

Srjqufícf Aruph cf Srjqufícfs Pjrfgqulmj

: Srjqufícfs ; Pjrfgqulmj   Srjgsvfrsji = rjlhs mfcuijrfs 4 Djgjls [fslgíbfrhs

Fstruturj Jgjtómldj cjs Dhgíbfrjs  

: Srjqufícfs -  dìiuijs jihgajcjs d/ fxtrfmfmhs bfdejchs f prhvlchs cf phgthjáöfs q/ pfrmltfm j pjssjafm chs iíqulchs fgtrf js mfsmjs.

; Pjrfgqulmj - dìiuijs cf mfghr dhmprlmfgth q/ sf hrlfgtjm gh sfgtlch rjclji (rjlhs mfcuijrfs). Tfrvfm p/ jrmjzfgjr gutrlfgtfs f clstrlkuí-ihs rjcljimfgtf.

4 Djgjls [fslgíbfrhs - hdjslhgjimfgtf fxlstfm djgjls rfslgíbfrhs rhcfjch cf pjrfgqulmj, clsphsths ihgaltuclgjimfgtf cfgtrh chs rjlhs

Fstruturj Jgjtómldj cjs Dhgíbfrjs  

  Js Cldhtlifcógfjs?  säh dhgstltuícjs prlgdlpjimfgtf phr blkrjs, pjrïgqulmj, vjshs f rjlhs.   Hs vjshs dhm j bugáäh cf trjgsphrtjr j sflvj krutj, hs rjlhs j bugáäh cf trjgsphrtjr ehrlzhgtjimfgtf j sflvj fijkhrjcj f js blkrjs cf dhgbfrlr rfslstïgdlj f rlalcfz 



Dhrtfs Srjgsvfrsji, [jclji f Sjgafgdlji

Aruph Blkrjs

 

Blkrjs

Pjrfgqulmj Srjgsvfrsji

Pjrfgqulmj Rjshs

ihgaltuclgji

: Blkrjs ; Pjrfgqulmj   Srjgsvfrsji = rjlhs mfcuijrfs Fstruturj Jgjtómldj cjs

 

Ihgaltuclgji = jdhmpjgejgch hs rjlhs

 

Cldhtlifcógfjs

4 Djgjls [fslgíbfrhs : Blkrjs -   dìiuijs jihgajcjs, jarupjcjs fm bjsfs, prhvlcjs cf phgthjáöfs quf bjdliltjm j pjssjafm cf gutrlfgtfs (sustfgtjáäh ch tfdlch ifgehsh). ; Rjshs - fifmfgths cf dhgcuáäh dhgstltuíchs p/ dìiuijs tukuijrfs uglcjs ghs fxtrfmhs q/ säh afrjimfgtf jkfrths.

4 Pjrfgqulmj - ihgaltuclgji   hu rjclji . J prlmflrj dhgstj cf umj hu vêrljs bliflrjs dhm bugáäh h jrmjzfgjmfgth cf sukstëgdljs cf rfsfrvj> sfgch hs rjlhs mfcuijrfs rfsphgsêvfls pfih jrmjzfgjmfgth f clstrlkuláäh rjclji chs gutrlfgtfs

Fstruturj Jgjtómldj cjs Cldhtlifcógfjs  

 Djrjdtfrístldjs

Zuímldjs cj Mjcflrj

 J mjcflrj jprfsfgtj  J jprfsfgtj um rjcldji mhghssjdjríclh mhghssjdjríclh (DE;H)>



  H sfu dhmphgfgtf hraëgldh prlgdlpji ì bhrmjch jtrjvìs cj bhthssígtfsf (dhmklgjáäh ch aês djrkógldh ch jr dhm j êauj ch shih f jkshráäh cj fgfralj djihríbldj)? 

DH;  + ;E ;  H + ::;,4 Dji

 DE ;  H + E ; H + H;    DE 

 

  Gj sfqùïgdlj hdhrrfm js rfjáöfs cf philmfrlzjáäh quf hrlalgjm hs jáÿdjrfs quf bhrmjm j mjlhrlj cjs sukstëgdljs hraëgldjs vfaftjls> 

 J mjcflrj jprfsfgtj trïs dhmphgfgtfs hraëgldhs prlgdlpjls? j dfiuihsf, j efmldfiuihsf f j ilaglgj> 

 J pjrtldlpjáäh cf djcj umj vjrlj fm bugáäh cj dijsslbldjáäh



khtëgldj cj êrvhrf>  

Dhgíbfrjs

Cldhtlifcógfjs

Dfiuihsf

35 — 62 %

32 — 35 %

Efmldfiuihsf

;4 — ;2 %

:< — ;5 %

Ilaglgj

;2 — 40 %

;2 — 46 %

   J bôrmuij afrji cj dfiuihsf  ì g(D  E  H )> 

2

:0

6

• Pjrfcfs cjs blkrjs, vjshs f trjqufícfs säh bhrmjchs p/ dfiuihsf>

E;H   E;H

 E;H

 Djcj dhgougth cf dfiuihsf jprfsfgtj 4 HE - q/ phcfm ilajr-sf j 4 mhiìduijs cf êauj> 

  Fstjs 4 mhiìduijs cf êauj tïm rfijáäh pfsh mhifd cf :?4



(63/:2;), lgcldjgch j % mêxlmj cf êauj cf lmprfagjáäh* cj dfiuihsf>

 

   Êauj cf Lmprfagjáäh Lmprfagjáäh?? qujgtlcjcf cf êauj dhgtlcj gjs pjrfcfs chs vjshs, blkrjs f trjqufícfs jpôs j fvjphrjáäh cj êauj ilvrf. 

ettp?//www.brlfgcsjgka.hra.ju/jrtldifs ettp?//www.brl fgcsjgka.hra.ju/jrtldifs/jrtldifshdt03.etmi /jrtldifshdt03.etmi

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