02 Estrutura Da Madeira A
August 1, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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TF[RLÁH PßKILDH BFCF[JI VGLRF[TLCJCF BFCF[JI CH PJ[Ê LGTSLSVSH CF SFDGHIHALJ BJDVICJCF CF FGAFGEJ[LJ DLRLI BFD/LSFD/VBPJ BJDVICJCF A[VPH CF JGÊILTF FUPF[LMFGSJI CF FTS[VSV[J FTS[VSV[JT T F MJSF[LJLT
Prhb. Cr. Jidfkíjcfs Gfaräh Mjdïch
Dijsslbldjáäh khtëgldj cjs êrvhrfs utlilzjcjs
fstruturjimfgtf Almghspfrmjs hgcf j dijssf mjls lmphrtjgtf ì j cjs
’dhgíbfrjs”, ’mjcflrjs mhifs” hu ’shbtwhhcs”. Fx? Js fspìdlfs ch aïgfrh Plgus, Plgeh ch Pjrjgê, Tfquôlj Alajgtf ftd. Jgalhspfrmjs säh
js pijgtjs mjls dhmpiftjs f
hrajglzjcjs (mhghdhtlifcógfjs hu cldhtlifcógfjs ). Fm fstruturjs sô säh utlilzjcjs js ’cldhtlifcógfjs” , ’mjcflrjs curjs” hu ’ejrcwhhcs”. Fx? Mjájrjgcukj, Tuduplrj, fspìdlfs ch aïgfrh Fudjilptus ftd.
-’Dhgíbfrjs”,’Mjcflrjs-mhifs ”
hu ’Thbtwhhcs”.
’Cldhtlifcógfjs ”,
’Mjcflrjs-curjs” ’Ejrcwhhcs”.
hu
PJ[LDÊ
Blslhihalj
f Drfsdlmfgth cj Êrvhrf
Ì gfdfssêrlj p/ h fgtfgclmfgth cj gjturfzj jglshtrôpldj cj mjcflrj> Drfsdlmfgth lgldlji gj clrfáäh vfrtldji f jumfgth ch clëmftrh ch trhgdh jtrjvìs cj bhrmjáäh cf djmjcjs sudfsslvjs>
Bhgtf? ettp?//srs.ci.jd.un/jrde/T[CJ[00-0:/shbtwhhcXstrudturf.etm
Blslhihalj
f Drfsdlmfgth cj Êrvhrf
ì dhgtíguh dhm vjrljáöfs quf cfpfgcfm cj Drfsdlmfgth fspìdlf f cjs dhgcláöfs dilmêtldjs>
Ch phgth cf vlstj mjdrhsdôpldh, js djmjcjs jpjrfdfm gj bhrmj cf jgìls cf drfsdlmfgth, Blaurj :?
Mfcuij
Curëmfg Jikurgh
Ifgeh Dëmklh Djsdj
Djmjcjs cf Drfsdlmfgth * Djsdj - prhtfáäh fxtfrgj cj êrvhrf, sfdhs f dhmphstj mhrths f cf tfmtfdlchs dhmh bugáäh j prhtfáäh ch bustf •Dëmklh hu Iíkfr - djmjcj fxtrfmjmfgtf cfiajcj (jpjrfgtfmfgtf biulcj) hgcf sf hrlalgjm fifmfgths jgjtómldhs quf väh dhgstltulr h ifgeh f j djsdj.
Dëmklh Djsdj
Ì rfsphgsêvfi pfih drfsdlmfgth rjclji cj êrvhrf, trjgsphrtf f cfpôslth cf jilmfgth.
Mfcuij
Jikurgh Curëmfg Jikurgh
* Ifgeh - ì h dhgougth chs jgìls cf drfsdlmfgth f phcf sfr clvlclch fm? * Jikurgh Jikurgh - djmjcj mjls pfrmfêvfi j iíqulchs f ajsfs, afrjimfgtf mjls dijrj (dìiuijs vlvjs)> d/ khj rfslstïgdlj mfdëgldj f mjls susdftívfi jhs jtjquf jtjqufs klhiôaldhs (jkugcjgtf gjs êrvhrfs mjls ohvfgs)
* Dfrgf hu Curëmfg - djmjcj Ifgeh bhrmjcj p/ dìiuijs lgjtlvjs, afrjimfgtf mjls cfgsj, d/ mjlhr rfslstïgdlj mfdëgldj, mfghr pfrmfjklilcjcf f mjlhr * Mfcuij - tfdlch mjdlh rfsuitjgtf ch rfslstïgdlj jh jtjquf cf bugahs drfsdlmfgth vfrtldji cj êrvhrf, fm thrgh ch f lgsfths (bugáäh sustfgtjáäh ch quji sf vfrlbldj h prlmflrh drfsdlmfgth cj trhgdh). mjcflrj> afrjimfgtf ì j pjrtf ch trhgdh mjls brjdj f cfbfltuhsj.
Jgjthmlj
ch Sfdlch Ifgehsh
J cfsdrláäh jgjtómldj cj mjcflrj tfm j blgjilcjcf cf
hktfr pjrëmftrhs pjrj suj lcfgtlbldjáäh> Vtlilzj-sf dhmh kjsf js fstruturjs hksfrvjcjs ghs dhrtfs trjgsvfrsjls, rjcljls f tjgafgdljls>
J mjcflrj ì dhgstltuícj prlgdlpjimfgtf p/ dìiuijs jihgajcjs d/ vjzlh lgtfrgh, mjs tfgch tjmjgeh f bhrmjs vjrljcjs>
Gh dhrtf cj mjcflrj jtrjvìs cf mldrhsdôplh thrgj-sf phssívfi lcfgtlbldjr hs fifmfgths jgjtómldhs? trjqufícfs, vjshs, blkrjs f rjlhs mfcuijrfs>
Js dhgíbfrjs? säh dhgstltuícjs prlgdlpjimfgtf phr trjqufícfs f rjlhs mfcuijrfs quf tïm dhmh bugáäh trjgsphr j sflvj krutj f cjr rfslstïgdlj r fslstïgdlj f rlalcfz à mjcflrj?
Dhrtfs Srjgsvfrsji, [jclji f Sjgafgdlji
Srjqufícf Aruph cf Srjqufícfs Pjrfgqulmj
: Srjqufícfs ; Pjrfgqulmj Srjgsvfrsji = rjlhs mfcuijrfs 4 Djgjls [fslgíbfrhs
Fstruturj Jgjtómldj cjs Dhgíbfrjs
: Srjqufícfs - dìiuijs jihgajcjs d/ fxtrfmfmhs bfdejchs f prhvlchs cf phgthjáöfs q/ pfrmltfm j pjssjafm chs iíqulchs fgtrf js mfsmjs.
; Pjrfgqulmj - dìiuijs cf mfghr dhmprlmfgth q/ sf hrlfgtjm gh sfgtlch rjclji (rjlhs mfcuijrfs). Tfrvfm p/ jrmjzfgjr gutrlfgtfs f clstrlkuí-ihs rjcljimfgtf.
4 Djgjls [fslgíbfrhs - hdjslhgjimfgtf fxlstfm djgjls rfslgíbfrhs rhcfjch cf pjrfgqulmj, clsphsths ihgaltuclgjimfgtf cfgtrh chs rjlhs
Fstruturj Jgjtómldj cjs Dhgíbfrjs
Js Cldhtlifcógfjs? säh dhgstltuícjs prlgdlpjimfgtf phr blkrjs, pjrïgqulmj, vjshs f rjlhs. Hs vjshs dhm j bugáäh cf trjgsphrtjr j sflvj krutj, hs rjlhs j bugáäh cf trjgsphrtjr ehrlzhgtjimfgtf j sflvj fijkhrjcj f js blkrjs cf dhgbfrlr rfslstïgdlj f rlalcfz
Dhrtfs Srjgsvfrsji, [jclji f Sjgafgdlji
Aruph Blkrjs
Blkrjs
Pjrfgqulmj Srjgsvfrsji
Pjrfgqulmj Rjshs
ihgaltuclgji
: Blkrjs ; Pjrfgqulmj Srjgsvfrsji = rjlhs mfcuijrfs Fstruturj Jgjtómldj cjs
Ihgaltuclgji = jdhmpjgejgch hs rjlhs
Cldhtlifcógfjs
4 Djgjls [fslgíbfrhs : Blkrjs - dìiuijs jihgajcjs, jarupjcjs fm bjsfs, prhvlcjs cf phgthjáöfs quf bjdliltjm j pjssjafm cf gutrlfgtfs (sustfgtjáäh ch tfdlch ifgehsh). ; Rjshs - fifmfgths cf dhgcuáäh dhgstltuíchs p/ dìiuijs tukuijrfs uglcjs ghs fxtrfmhs q/ säh afrjimfgtf jkfrths.
4 Pjrfgqulmj - ihgaltuclgji hu rjclji . J prlmflrj dhgstj cf umj hu vêrljs bliflrjs dhm bugáäh h jrmjzfgjmfgth cf sukstëgdljs cf rfsfrvj> sfgch hs rjlhs mfcuijrfs rfsphgsêvfls pfih jrmjzfgjmfgth f clstrlkuláäh rjclji chs gutrlfgtfs
Fstruturj Jgjtómldj cjs Cldhtlifcógfjs
Djrjdtfrístldjs
Zuímldjs cj Mjcflrj
J mjcflrj jprfsfgtj J jprfsfgtj um rjcldji mhghssjdjríclh mhghssjdjríclh (DE;H)>
H sfu dhmphgfgtf hraëgldh prlgdlpji ì bhrmjch jtrjvìs cj bhthssígtfsf (dhmklgjáäh ch aês djrkógldh ch jr dhm j êauj ch shih f jkshráäh cj fgfralj djihríbldj)?
DH; + ;E ; H + ::;,4 Dji
DE ; H + E ; H + H; DE
Gj sfqùïgdlj hdhrrfm js rfjáöfs cf philmfrlzjáäh quf hrlalgjm hs jáÿdjrfs quf bhrmjm j mjlhrlj cjs sukstëgdljs hraëgldjs vfaftjls>
J mjcflrj jprfsfgtj trïs dhmphgfgtfs hraëgldhs prlgdlpjls? j dfiuihsf, j efmldfiuihsf f j ilaglgj>
J pjrtldlpjáäh cf djcj umj vjrlj fm bugáäh cj dijsslbldjáäh
khtëgldj cj êrvhrf>
Dhgíbfrjs
Cldhtlifcógfjs
Dfiuihsf
35 — 62 %
32 — 35 %
Efmldfiuihsf
;4 — ;2 %
:< — ;5 %
Ilaglgj
;2 — 40 %
;2 — 46 %
J bôrmuij afrji cj dfiuihsf ì g(D E H )>
2
:0
6
• Pjrfcfs cjs blkrjs, vjshs f trjqufícfs säh bhrmjchs p/ dfiuihsf>
E;H E;H
E;H
Djcj dhgougth cf dfiuihsf jprfsfgtj 4 HE - q/ phcfm ilajr-sf j 4 mhiìduijs cf êauj>
Fstjs 4 mhiìduijs cf êauj tïm rfijáäh pfsh mhifd cf :?4
(63/:2;), lgcldjgch j % mêxlmj cf êauj cf lmprfagjáäh* cj dfiuihsf>
Êauj cf Lmprfagjáäh Lmprfagjáäh?? qujgtlcjcf cf êauj dhgtlcj gjs pjrfcfs chs vjshs, blkrjs f trjqufícfs jpôs j fvjphrjáäh cj êauj ilvrf.
ettp?//www.brlfgcsjgka.hra.ju/jrtldifs ettp?//www.brl fgcsjgka.hra.ju/jrtldifs/jrtldifshdt03.etmi /jrtldifshdt03.etmi
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