011 Antibioticos Que Inhiben La Síntesis ADN Bacteriano para Imprenta

 

 HC]GJGÒ]GBFR XUE GCDGJEC RÀC]ERGR ME HMC JHB]EZGHCF - XUGCFAFCHR 

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Estrubturh me ah bgprfkafxhbgch bgprfkafxhbgch

Ea 8¹ (Hb. Chagmàxgbf) hphrebe ec 87;: Auenf hphrebgerfc ea èbgmf fxfaàcgbf, pgpe`àmgbf, etb. Ec 87>4 hphrebe 8¹ qugcfafch kaufrhmh (Cfrkafxhbgcf) Re bhrhbtergzhc pfr h`pagf espebtrf (N+,N-, y `gbfjhbterghs (JL)

 

ea HMC XUGCFAFCHRGcdgjec brf`fsò`gbf 

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jhbterghcf Kfr`h uc bf`paeif qugcfafch-eczg`h HMC que bfctgece  HMC rftf Ah ucgòc qugcfafch HMC-ngrhsh es respfcshjae me ah gcdgjgbgòc eczg`ètgbh

 

XUGCFAFCHR Bhrhbteràstgbhs - Khr`hbfbgcçtgbh9 

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 Hbtùhc ec kfr`h bfcbectrhbgòc ‒ mepecmgecte 3 Ekebtf jhbtergbgmh sg ah BG@ es 3h 2? vebes ah pahs`ètgbh Mfsgs `ès haths gcdgjec ekebtf jhbtergbgmh

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]gecec ekebtf pfsthctgjgòtgbf me 8-: ds Cf tgecec ekebtf sgcerngsth< Hbtùhc ec kfr`h gcmgkerecte _fr su juech hjsfrbgòc [F es rèpgmh trhcsgbgòc h phrecterha

 

XUGCFAFCHR Khr`hbfbgcçtgbh9

 

XUGCFAFCHR

Bahsgkgbhbgòc

8¹ Necerhbgòc :¹ Necerhbgòc 2¹ Necerhbgòc =¹ Necerhbgòc  Hb. Chagmàxgbf

Cfrkafxhbgcf

Aevfkafxhbgcf

@fxgkafxhbgcf

 Hb. _gpe`àmgbf

Bgprfkafxhbgcf

Nhtgkafxhbgcf

]rfvhkafxhbgcf

 Èb. Fxfaàcgbf

_ekafxhbgcf

Esphrkafxhbgcf

Bagchkafxhbgcf

Bgcfxhbgcf

Fkafxhbgcf

Nrephkafxhbgcf

Zfsfxhbgcf

Ecfxhbgcf Af`ekafxhbgcf

 

XUGCFAFCHR 8¹ W :¹ NECEZHBGÒC - BAHRE G   èr`hbf

_resecthbgòc y mfsgs

Recsgjgagmhm/Zesgstecbgh

Ek. Bfahterha

Èbgmf Chagmàxgbf Xugcfafch 8¹ N. Ùtga ec G]U jhif y mghrrehs mea cgøf

Rusp :5?`n/5`a Bf`p 5?? `n 5??`n-8???`n/mfsgsx= Gck. Urgchrgh9 8n/mfsgs x= _rfkgahxgs G]U9 5??`n x=

Recsgjaes9 Recsgjaes9 E  E Bfag, _rfteus, Laejsgeaah, Ecterfjhbter, Rdgnueaah, Rha`fceaah Zesgstectes9 _seumf`fch

Rf`cfaecbgh f gcsf`cgf, bfckusgòc, haubgchbgfces. Haerngh, exhcte`h, urtgbhrgh, Dephtgtgs bfaesthsgs

Èbgmf _gpe`àmgbf Bf`p :??-=??`n Xugcfafch 8¹ N. Ije. :??`n/5`a Ùtga ec G]U cf Mfsgs9 =??`n/mfsgs x : bf`pagbhmhs

Recsgjaes9 Recsgjaes9 E  E Bfag, _rfteus, Laejsgeaah, Ecterfjhbter, Rdgnueaah, Rha`fceaah Zesgstectes9 _seumf`fch

Kftfsecsgjgagmhm, haerngh buthceh, cèusehs, mfafr epgnèstrgbf

Cfrkafxhbgcf Xugcfafch :¹N. Bahse G. Ùtga ec G]U cf bf`pagbhmhs.

Bf`p =?? `n Mfsgs9 =??`n/mfsgs x:-2 T 2 màhs G]U sg`paes =??`n/mfsgsx:-2 =??`n/mf sgsx:-2 x :8 màhs G]U bf`pagbhmh b f`pagbhmhss

Recsgjaes9 Recsgjaes9 E  E Bfag, _rfteus, Laejsgeaah, Ecterfjhbter, Rdgnueaah, Rha`fceaah, Rerrhtgh, Bh`páafjhbter, Hbgcetfjhbter, _seumf`fch

Bekhaeh, gcsf`cgf, mepresgòc, bfcvuasgfces, Rx. N. Jhrrç. Mer`htgtgs, hchkgahxgh, mepresgòc

_rfkgahxgs ec ceutrfpçcgbfs

_rfthtgtgs9 =??`n/mfsgs =??`n/mfsgs x :- Zesgstectes9 Hcherfjgf Hcherfjgfss y = se`hchs. Rthkgafbfbfs resgstectes

`emuahr, mgskucbgòc recha hnumh

 

XUGCFAFCHR :¹ NECEZHBGÒC - BAHRE GG   èr`hbf

_resecthbgòc y mfsgs

Recsgjgagmhm/Zesgstecbgh

Ek. Bfahterhaes

Fkafxhbgch

Bf`p :??-=??`n

Fpbgòc phrh9 E Bfag, _rfte-us,

Cèuseh, vò`gtf,

Xugcfafch Bahse GG. :¹ N. Gcekgbhz hphrh pseumf`fchs

H`p Mfsgs=??`n usuha9 G[ [F :??=??`n/mfsgs =??`n/mf sgs x : G]U :??-=??`n/mfsgsx: 2-8? m.

Bgprfkafxhbgcf Xugcfafch :¹ N. Bahse GG. Jhbtergbgmh bfc

Laejsgeaah, Ecterfjhbter, Rerrhtgh, Rdgnueaah, Rha`f-ceaah, bh`pgafjhbter. :¹ fpbgòc R Hureus, R Epgmer`gmgs, R Khebhags Zesgstecbgh9 _seumf`fc _seumf`fchs, hs, jhbterfgmes, hcherfjgfs Bf`p :5?-5??-8???`n Recsgjaes9 Recsgjaes9  _seumf`fchs, E H`p :??`n x 8??`a bfag, Laejsgeaah, Ecterfjhbter, H`p- =??`n x :??`a Rerrhtgh, Rha`fceaah, Rdgnueaah, Mfsgs usuha9 [F 5??->5? hbtgcfjhbter.

mghrreh, Haerngh, Rmgspepsgh. R Ifdcsfc, Dephtgtgs, vhsbuagtgs. Bekhaeh, hngthbgòc, trhstfrcfs vgsuhaes. Kgejre, dgpfpahsgh `emuahr. Cèuseh, vò`gtf, mghrreh, mgspepsgh, bfag tgs pseumf`e`jrh-cfsh. Dgpernaube`gh.

ekgbhbgh h _seumf`fchs e G]U bf`pagbhmhs. Hsfbghmh h pecgbgagch es haterchtgvh ec ceu`fcàhs nrhves

`nx:< E[ :??-=??`nx: G]U bf`pagbhmh y ceu`fcàhs nrhves :??=??`nx: >-8= màhs _rfsthtgtgs bròcgbh9 5??`n/mfsgsx: 5??`n/mf sgsx: :4 màhs

:¹ Fpbgòc9 R Hureus Rthk. Recsgjae, R Epgmer`gtgs, R khebhags, ]J.. Zesgstectes9  Jhbterfgm Zesgstectes9 Jhbterfgmes es y hcherfjgfs, Rthkgafbfbfs y Estreptfbfbfs, Urehpahs`h, Cfbhrmgh, ] _haagmu`, Hanu-chs Bephs me _seumf`fc _seumf`fchs hs Agster.

Haerngh, R R Ifdcsfc, Dephtgtgs, vhsbuagtgs. Bekhaeh, hngthbgòc, trhstfrcfs vgsuhaes. Kgejre, dgpfpahsgh `emuahr. Mebfafrhbgòc mea es`hate ec ZC.

 

XUGCFAFCHR Espebtrf Hctg`gbrfjghcf 2¹ y =¹ N9 Xugcfafchs 2¹ - =¹

 Hbtgvgmhm  Hctg`gbrf-

Necerhbgòc 2¹ Necerhbgòc

jghch Ecterfjhbterghs Estreptfbfbf

Aevfkafxhbgch Rphrkafxhbgch Nhtgkafxhbgch

 Hm`gcgstrhbgòc y bhrhbteràstgbhs

Gcmgbhbgfces

 [.F. e G[. Rg`gahr h Xugcfafchs BGG, `fmesth bfjerturh h Estreptfbfbf

GME@ h Xugcfafchs BGG, Ceu`fcàh bf`ucgthrgh dfspgthagzhmfs dfspgthagzh mfs y h`juahtfrgfs

Nrephkafxhbgch =¹ Necerhbgòc ]rfvhkafxhbgch @fxgkafxhbgcf

Ecterfjhbterghs _. Herungcfsh R. Hureus

Bagchkafxhbgcf

Estreptfbfbf  Hcherfjgf  Hcherfjgfs s

 [F e G[< Rg`gahr h qugcfafchs 2¹ N. + Nrh` + y hcherfjgfs

Bfcsgmerhr kfbf sçptgbf gctrhhjmf`gcha

 

KAUFZXUGCFAFCHR 2¹ NECEZHBGÒC   èr`hbf

_resecthbgòc y mfsgs

Recsgjgagmhm/Zesgstecbgh

Ek. Bfahterha

Aevfkafxhbgcf Kaufrqugcfafch ùtga ec gckebbgfces respgrhtfrghs, urgchrghs y

Bf`p :5?-5?? `n H`p (:?`a) 5??`n Mfsgs usuha9 E[ [F :5?>5?`n/màhþ8 Ceu`fcàh nrhve e G]U bf`pagbhmh9 5??`n/màhþ8

Recsgjaes9  _ecu`fbfbf,RR Recsgjaes9 _ecu`fbfbf, pyfneces, R hureus,D gckaueczh, E Bfag, _rfteus, Laejsgeaah, Ecterfjhbter, Rdgnueaah, Rha`fceaah Zesgstectes9 ]. phaagmu`

Gcsf`cgf, bfckusgòc. Haerngh. Mghrreh, cèuseh, bfagtgs. Hrrgt`gh bhrmàhbh, Dgpftecsgòc, dgpertecsgòc, Hpahsgh

prfstètgbhs @fxgkafxhbgcf Ùtga ec jrfcqugtgs y Ceu`fcàh bf`ucgthrgh

x >-8= màhs Bf`p =??`n Jfash E[ (:5?`a) =??`n Mfsgs usuha9 E[ [F =??`n/màh þ 8 >-8? màhs

_seumf`fch, ecterfbfbfs Recsgjaes9 _ceu`fbfbf, D gckaueczh, @frhxeaah, R Hureus, R pgòneces, E Bfag, _rfteus, Laejsgeaah.

`emuahr, vhngcgtgs. Cèusehs, mghrreh, bekhaeh, bfckusgòc, bfcvuasgfces, haerngh.

_ekafxhbgcf Ùtga ec gckebbgfces nrhves. _ecetrh jgec h RCB

Bf`p =?? `n H`p (5`a) =?? `n Mfsgs usuha9 :??-=?? `n/ mfsgs x :.

Recsgjaes9 E  E Bfag, _rfteus, Recsgjaes9 Laejsgeaah, Ecterfjhbter, Rdgnueaah, Rha`fceaah, Dhe`fpyaus, Rthkgafbfbf, C Nfcfrrhe, _seumf`fch

Bekhaeh, gcsf`cgf, kftfsecsgjgagzhbgòc, trf`jfbgtfpecgh. Ec pemghtràh pueme ser ushmh (Evhauhr rgesnf

Hcherfjgfss y Hcherfjgf Zesgstectes9 Rthkgafbfbfs resgstectes, Bephs me _seumf`fchs.

jecekgbgf bhrtàahnfsec me brebg`gectf).

 

XUGCFAFCHR @ebhcgs`fs me resgstecbgh9 

@uthbgòc me ah eczg`h mea HMC

jhbterghcf  Haterhbgòc me ah per`ehjgagmhm per`ehjgagmhm jhbterghch (_frgchs)  Hbtgvhbgòc me ah jf`jh jf`jh me ekauif jhbterghcf phrh ahs qugcfafchs

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XUGCFAFCHR Usfs terhpçutgbfs9 

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Gckebbgfces necgtfurgchrghs

_rfsthtgtgs Ecker`emhmes respgrhtfrghs Ecker`emhmes me trhcs`gsgòc sexuha Nhstrfectergtgs Gckebbgòc me pgea y phrtes phrtes jahcmhs

 

XUGCFAFCHR Gckebbgfces necgtfurgchrghs9 

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Bgstgtgs hnumh cf bf`pagbhmh (>-8? m, ekebtgvhs ec E. bfag, `eifr que ea jhbtrgc ec cuestrf `emgf) Evgthr kaufrqugcfafchs pfr resgstecbghs _geafcekrgtgs hnumh cf bf`pagbhmh (Cfrkafxhbgch u Fkafxhbgch >-8? m) Gckebbgfces urgchrghs bf`pagbhmhs (Agtghsgs recha, urfphtàhs fjstrubtgvhs, gckebbgfces pfr sfcmh) trhthmhs bfc nhtgkafxhbgch =?? `n/:v/m Khaahs ec ah terhpgh dhsth :?% ec _. herungcfsh

 

XUGCFAFCHR Usfs terhpçutgbfs9 Eck. ]rhs`gsgòc sexuha _rfsthtgtgs 

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Exbeaecte pecetrhbgòc dàstgbh Aevfkafxhbgch y fkafxhbgch (;>-78%) me errhmgbhbgòc Aevfkafxhbgch hnecte me 8¹ aàceh Bgprfkafxhbgcf phrh N resgstectes

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]x. :¹ aàceh ec bervgbgtgs y uretrgtgs pfr C. Nfcfrrdfehe Fkafxhbgch y Rphrkafxhbgch ekgbhz ec Bah`gmgh trhbdf`htgs Eck. Gckah`htfrgh pçavgbh trhthmh bfc bgprfk. + bagcmh`gbgch

 

XUGCFAFCHR ]erhpçutgbh respgrhtfrgh9 Ekgbhbes ec sgcusgtgs jhbterghch hnumh (Aevfkafxhbgch, 

nhtgkafxhbgch, `fxgkafxhbgch), perf CF URHZ pfr 3

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resgstecbgh Kaufrfqugcfafchs ekgbhbes ec jrfcqugtgs jhbterghch hnumh pfr D. Gckaueczh y @. Bhthrrdhags ]x. Ceu`fcàh bf`ucgthrgh (extercf y dfspgthagzhmf)9 

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@hbròagmfs, mfxgbgbagch y kaufrfqugcfafchs. Kaufrfqugcfafchs f pecgbgagchs me espebtrf h`paghmf Ec U]G9 Kaufrfqugcfafchs + bekhafspfrgch 2¹ N.

Ceu`fcàh htàpgbh9 @hbròagmfs f kaufrfqugcfafchs

 

XUGCFAFCHR Usfs terhpçutgbfs9 Nhstrfectergtgs 

  Gckebbgfces _gea y phrtes jahcmhs Kèr`hbfmea 8¹ vghierf‐ aàceh ec Ekebtgvgmhm gcbgerth  ‑mghrreh pfr Rdgnueaah, E. Ahs kaurfqugcfafchs Bfag, y sfc ag`gthmhs ec gckebbgfces pfr N+ bh`pyafjhbter Bgprfkafxhbgcf y Ec pge mghjçtgbf fkafxhbgcf prekergmfs pueme ser khvfrhjae 

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ec kgejre tgkfgmeh

 

XUGCFAFCHR Mfsgs y vàhs me hm`gcgstrhbgòc9

 

XUGCFAFCHR Ekebtfs hmversfs9 Nhstrfgctestgchaes (2-8>%)9 Cèusehs, vò`gtfs, mfafr 

hjmf`gcha, Mghrreh y bfagtgs hsfbghmh h hctgjgòtgbfs

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RCB9 Bekhaeh, `hrefs (?.7-88%). Zhrf haubgchbgfces Zhsd, kftfsecsgjgagmhm (?.;-8.=%)9 Ectre >-8? màhs  Hrtrfphtàh y hkebthbgòc bhrtàahnfs brebg`gectf (cgøfs)

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Aeubfpecgh, efsgcfkgagh Ekebtfs depètgbfs (eaevhbgòc eczg`hs, mhøf depètgbf) De`òagsgs, khaaf recha, trf`jfbgtfpecgh, BGM X] prfafcnhmf 9 Hrrgt`ghs vectrgbuahres, ]. me pfgctes

 

XUGCFAFCHR Gcterhbbgfces9 

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Ea subrhakhtf, hctgèbgmfs, `uatgvgth`gchs, remubec hjsfrbgòc me qugcfafchs Gcbre`ecthc ekebtfs me ah whrkhrgch  Hctghrràt`gbfs bahse GH y Bahse GGG, prfafcnhc ea X]b Bfc HGCER puemec prfvfbhr bfcvuasgfces Bfc dgpfnaube`ghctes e gcsuagch puemec prfvfbhr dgpf f dgpernaube`gh

 

@E]ZFCGMHYFA @ebhcgs`f me hbbgòc9 @gbrffrnhcgs`fs Recsgjaes ‒ Hbtgvhc ha

Kahvfprfteàchs Zemube ha

@etrfcgmhzfa _rfkèr`hbf Gcnresf ha Gctrhbeauahr  Hbbgòc jhbtergbgmh

Kerrfmfxgch Zemube ha

 

@E]ZFCGMHYFA  Hbtgvgmhm hctgjhbterghch9 

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Ah `hyfràh me hcherfjgfs (Jhbterfgmes, Bafstrgmgu`, Kusfjhbtergu`, _eptfbfbbus, _eptfstreptfbfbbus, Eujhbtergu` y Deagbfjhbter) Ekgbhz bf`f hctgprftfzfhrgf (]rgbf`fcghsgs

vhngcha, ah`jaghsgs, Jhahctgmgu` bfag, Jahstfbystgs df`gcgs  H`ejghsgs dgstfaytgbh

 

@E]ZFCGMHYFA Khr`hbfbgcçtgbh9 

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 Hjsfrbgòc rèpgmh y bf`paeth pfr [F _gbf pahs`ètgbf 8-: dfrhs  Hjsfrbgòc vhngcha pfjre, Zebtha 5?% Agnhmurh h prfteàchs ec ea 8?%

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Bruzh jgec JDE

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@ethjfags`f depètgbf 4?% @ethjfagtfs bfc gme` prfpgemhmes Exbrebgòc urgchrgh ;?-4?% y ;-85% pfr debes

 

@E]ZFCGMHYFA Gcterhbbgfces y ekebtfs sebucmhrgfs9 

_ftecbghagzh afs hctgbfhnuahctes frhaes

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Dgpersecsgjgagmhm9 urtgbhrgh, prurgtf, ergte`h.

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(whrkhrgch) Kecgtfàch y kecfjhrjgtha hbeaerhc ah eag`gchbgòc me `etrfcgmhzfa. Bg`etgmgch hu`ecth `etrfcgmhzfa pahs`ètgbf y sus ekebtfs hmversfs ceurfaòngbfs. Bfctrhgcmgbhmf ec ea 8¹ trg`estre mea e`jhrhzf

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Nhstrfgctestgchaes9 xerfstf`àh, cèuseh,nafsgtgs, vò`gtf, estf`htgtgs, mghrreh, `faestghs hjmf`gchaes. Ceurfaòngbfs9 bekhaeh, `href, vçrtgnf. Rfc pfbf krebuectes ah ecbekhafphtàh, bfcvuasgfces, gcbffrmgchbgòc y hthxgh. Zechaes9 mgsurgh, bgstgtgs.

 

@E]ZFCGMHYFA ]rhth`gectf me hcherfjgfsgs9  Hmuatfs9 Mfsgs me bhrnh 85 `n/ln `n/ln ec 

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gckusgòc Mfsgs `hctecg`gectf9 >.5 `n/ln ec 8 d< bhmh ; dfrhs ]erhpgh frha >.5 `n/ln bhmh ; dfrhs _rfkgahxgs qugrùrngbh9 85 `n/ln ec 2?;?‗, ea màh me ah bgrunàh

 

@E]ZFCGMHYFA MFRGR - _ZEREC]HBGÒC   èr`hbf

_resecthbgòc y mfsgs

Recsgjgagmhm/Zesgstec Ek. Bfahterha

@etrfcgmhzfa Hcherfjgbgmh me 8¹ fpbgòc, h`ejgbgmh, nghrmgbgmhh y nghrmgbgm trgbf`fcgbgmh. Juech bfcbectrhbgòc ec aàqugmfs y hjsbesfs. Ekgbhz pfr [F y pueme ser ushmh ec hcherfjgfs.

Bf`p :5?-=??`n Rusp :??`n/5`a Kbf (8??`a-2??`a) 5?? `n, 8,5 n Hcherfjgbgmh9 [F E[ >,5-8?`n/ln/mfsgs >,5-8?`n/ ln/mfsgs x :-= ò :?-2?`n/ln/màh þ :-=, ò 5??`n/mfsgs x 2-= H`ejghsgs9 5??->5?`n x 2 pfr 8? màhs

Recsgjaes9 Hcherfjgfs9 _ep-tfbfbfs, _eptfestreptfbf-bfs, [egaafceaah, Bafstrgmgu` sp, Bafstrgmgu` mgkgbgae,Kusfjhbte-rgu` y Jhbterfgmes sp, J krhngags, Nhrmeceaah vhngchaags, D pgafrg, Bh`pgaf-jhbter ketus

Bfckusgòc, hthxgh, bekhaeh, bfcvuasgfces haubgchbgfces. Haerngh. Mghrreh, bfagtgs. Kaejgtgs, trf`jfkaejgtgs, bhcmgmghsgs vhngcha v hngcha Hpahsgh `emuahr, vhngcgtgs. Ekebtf mgsuakgrhc bfc habfdfa.

]rgbf`fchs9 : n mfsgs ùcgbh ò :5?`nx2 pfr 5> màhs

Jhbterghs Zesgstectes9hcherfjgfs heròjg-bhs, eujhbtergu`, prfpgfcgjhbtergu`, Ahbtfjhbg-aafs hbtgcf`gbes, pfbf ekgbhz ec hjsbesfs pua`fchres.. pua`fchres

Mfsgs haths pergkçrgbh prfvfbhc ceurfphtàh

bgh

 

ZGKH@GBGCHR Bhrhbteràstgbhs9 Bfcfbgmhs bf`f hcsh`gbgchs f rgkf`gbgchs 

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 Hctgjgòtgbfs me ah Cfbhrmgh `emgterrhceghgsahmfs (Rtreptf`ybes `emgterrhceg) Jhbtergbgmhs que gcdgjec ah HZC-pfag`erhsh mepecmgecte mea HMC y evgthc sàctesgs HZC Mgspfcgjaes mfs bf`puestfs9 Zgkh`pgbgch, rgkhjutgch Zgkhpectgch ec gcvestgnhbgòc

 

ZGKH@_GBGCH  Hbtgvgmhm hctgjhbterghch9 

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Gcdgje brebg`gectf me nrhc phrte me nçr`eces N (+). Haterchtgvh bfctrh R. Hureus Gcdgje pfbfs Jhbgafs N (-) `uatgrresgstectes (E. Bfag, _seumf`fchs) y `ecgcnfbfbfs ]ujerbuafstètgbf gcdgje @. ]ujerbuafsgs y `gbfjhbterghs htàpgbhs _ftecbghagzh h ah Estreptf`gbgch e Gsfcghzgmh _ecetrh h bçauahs khnfbàtgbhs

 

ZGKH@_GBGCH Khr`hbfbgcçtgbh - khr`hbfmgch`gh9 

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Juech hjsfrbgòc [F ec hyuchs  [@ sçrgbh me 2 dfrhs Mgstrgjubgòc h`pagh, gcbaugmf ABZ  4?% agnhmf h prfteàchs

Eag`gchbgòc pfr jgags Zehagzh bgrbuahbgòc ecterfdepètgbh Eag`gchbgòc urgchrgh 2?%

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Gcdgje HZC mepecmgecte me HMC jhbterghcf Jhbtergbgmh Gc vgtrf e gc vgvf ec @. ]ujerbuafsgs Jhbtergbgmh th`jgçc ec @. Aeprhe y hanuchs N (+) y N (-) Evgthr usf ec `fcfterhpgh Cf dhy resgstecbgh bruzhmh hctgjgòtgbh

 

ZGKH@_GBGCH Gcmgbhbgfces `çmgbhs9 

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]rhth`gectf me tujerbuafsgs9 ec bf`jgchbgòc bfc ftrfs hctgjgòtgbfs hctgtujerbuafsfs. Aeprh9 ec hsfbghbgòc bfc ftrfs hnectes khr`hbfaòngbfs. Gckebbgfces htàpgbhs, (@ybfjhbtergu` hvgu`).

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Esthkgafbfbghs severhs (gcbaugmhs ahs `etgbgagcfresgstectes)9 ecmfbhrmgtgs, `ecgcngtgs y sge`pre hsfbghmf h ftrfs kèr`hbfs. _rfkgahxgs pfr Cegsergh `ecgcngtgmgs y D. gckaueczhe tgpf J. Jrubeafsgs.

 

ZGKH@_GBGCH Ekebtfs bfahterhaes9 

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Bhtenfràh B ec e`jhrhzf Ec mhøf dephtfbeauahr, suspecmer _rfvfbh bfafrhbgòc rfigzh ec frgch, esputf y aènrg`hs Bfctrhgcmgbhmf ec haerngh, bgrrfsgs y habfdfags`f

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_ueme prfvfbhr9 EH_, mgsceh, dgpftecsgòc, sdfbl   Haterhbgfces NG9 bfagtgs pseumf`e`jrhcfsh, Cèusehs, vò`gtfs  Haterhbgfces de`htfaòngbhs GZH, haterhbgfces `ecstruhaes, dephtgtgs

 

ZGKH@_GBGCH Zebf`ecmhbgfces e Gcterhbbgfces9 

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Cf ushr ec emhm reprfmubtgvh  H mfsgs haths terhtfnçcgbh6 _ftecbgha gc`ucfsupresfr6  Hbtgvgmhm hctgtu`frha gcvgtrf Ùtga phrh R. hureus bfc vhcbf`gbgch f h`gcfnaubòsgmfs

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1 Hbtgvgmhm me9 hctgbfhnuahctes, bgbafspfrgch, qugcgmgch, chrbòtgbfs. 1 hbbgòc rgkh`pgbgch bfc9 `ethmfch, jhrjgturhtfs, mghzeph`, y hctgbfcvuasgvhctes Dhafthcf + rgkh`pgbgch 0 Dephtftfxgbgmhm bhsg senurh

 

ZGKH@_GBGCH _resecthbgòc y  y pfsfafnàh9 

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Bf`prg`gmfs 2?? `n, bfcservhr ec rebgpgecte fphbf, (85 ¿B - 2? ¿B y h`pfaah 1 h =? ¿B.) Cgøfs9 [F9 8?-:? `n/ln/màh mfsgs ùcgbh, y mfsgs `èxg`h ;?? `n/:= dfrhs. G[9 5-8? `n/ln/mfsgs, gckucmgr ec 2?‗ bhmh := dfrhs.  Hmuatfs9 [F9 ;?? `n mghrgfs. _rfkgahxgs pfr C. `ecgcngtgmgs9 5 `n/ln/ mfsgs pfr [F bhmh 8: dfrhs, pfr : màhs. _rfkgahxgs pfr D. gckaueczhe tgpf J9 8? `n/ln/mfsgs pfr [F bhmh := dfrhs, murhcte = màhs.

 

ZGKHJU]GCH Bhrhbteràstgbhs khr`hbfaòngbhs (G)9 

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]ujerbuahstètgbf y hctgaeprfsf (nrupf me ahs rgkh`gbgchs) Gcdgjgbgòc me HZCpfag`erhsh HMCmepecmgecte me E. bfag y J. sujtgags  Hjsfrbgòc [F 52%, `ethjfags`f depètgbf, exbrebgòc recha 52%

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Ùtga ec @. ]J, @. hvgu` gctrhbeauahr (@HB) Ùtga ec [GD bfc `gbfjhbterghs _rfkgahxgs me @HB ec  [GD hvhczhmf ]J _ua`fchr resgstecte h GCD, E@, _Y@ Bfctrhgcmgbhmf ec haerngh h rgkh`gbgchs

 

ZGKHJU]GCH Bhrhbteràstgbhs khr`hbfaòngbhs (GG)9 

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Ec terhpgh prfafcnhmh, bfctrfahr JD y eczg`hs depètgbhs ]gøe rfif-chrhcih ahs sebrebgfces  Hsfbghmh h `hbròagmfs y kaubfchzfa 0 uvegtgs Evgthr gcnestgòc me jejgmhs habfdòagbhs

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1 Cgvea pahs`ètgbf me9 `ethmfch, y ftrfs chrbòtgbfs 1 hbbgòc9 letfbfchzfa, jhrjgtùrgbfs, mghzeph`, Ö-jafquehctes Mgs`gcuye ah hjsfrbgòc pfr9 _HR, hctgèbgmfs ]hjaeths revestgmhs me 85? `n

 

RUAKFCH@GMHR Bhrhbteràstgbhs khr`hbfaòngbhs9 

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8ª mrfnhs ùtgaes ec gckebbgfces _favfs jahcbfs sfaujaes bfc 3pD Favgmhmhs uc tge`pf pfr ahs resgstecbghs  Hbtuhagzhmhs bfc 3 secsgjgagmhm jhbterghch

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 Hsfbghmhs ha _HJH

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@eifrhmhs sgcerngh meabfc ah trg`etfprg` @ebhcgs`f me hbbgòc sg`gahr ]gecec mgkerecbghs khr`hbfbgcçtgbhs

 

RUAKFCH@GMHR Bahsgkgbhbgòc9  Hbbgòc Bfrth

 Hbbgòc Gcter`emgh

Ruakhbeth`gmh Ruakh`etfxhzfa ]rg`etfprg`h  Hajubàc Jhbtràc Ruakgxfzhsfa Ruakh`etrfa Nhctrgsàc ]rg`etfprg`h Ruakhmghzgch  Hkfcgshc

Agmhprgc Ruakh`fxfa ]rg`etfprg`h Mgjhbtga

Ruakh`etgzfa Urfjgftgb

Ruakhmghzgch ]etrfxfprg`h

 Hbbgòc _rfafcnhmh

Cf  Hjsfrjgjaes

Ruakhmg`etfxgc h (@hmrgjòc)

Kthagsuakhtghzfa @hkecgmh (Ruakh`gaòc) (]ghzfa)

Ruakh`etfxgpgrg mhzgch

Rubbgcgasuakhtghzfa

(Aemerlgc) (_ebtga) Ruakh`etfxgmghz gch (Jhyrech)

Espebghaes

Ruakhmghzgch  Hrnçctgbh (Rgavh Mece) Rhagbgahzf -Ruakhpgrgmgc h (Hzuakgmgce)

 

RUAKFCH@GMHR W ]ZG@E]F_ZG@ ]ZG@E]F_ZG@H H

@ebhcgs`f me hbbgòc9

 

RUAKFCH@GMHR Espebtrf hctgjhbterghcf9 

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8¹ eaebbgòc bfctrh _ceu`fbystgs bhrgcgg. Ruakhs tgecec h`pagf espebtrf hctgjhbterghcf9 N (+) y N (-) ]h`jgçc gcdgjec Cfbhrmgh, Bdah`ymgh trhbdf`htgs, hanucfs prftfzfhrgfs, y hanuchs jhbterghs jhbt erghs ectçrgbhs. ]rg`etfprg`h9 espebtrf `ès remubgmf Bftrg`fxhzfa(suakh+ trg`etfprg`h)9 rekuerzh hbtgvgmhm jhbtergfstètgbh, ekgbhz, `eifr tfaerhcbgh, remube mfsgs me suakh`gmhs y mgs`gcuye resgstecbgh jhbterghch

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Renugr renahs me HJ phrh evgthr resgstecbghs

 

RUAKFCH@GMHR Khr`hbfbgcçtgbh (G)9

 

RUAKFCH@GMHR Khr`hbfbgcçtgbh (GG)9 

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 Hjsfrbgòc [.F. rèpgmh (>?-8??%) Gctestgcf prgcbgpha sgtgf me hjsfrbgòc  Hjsfrbgòc vhngcha, respgrhtfrgh, es gcsenurh y tòxgbh Agnhmurh h prfteàchs :?-7?%

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Mgstrgjubgòc h`pagh, aaenh h RCB (5?4?%) @ethjfags`f depètgbf pfr hbetgahbgòc Exbrebgòc urgchrgh  Habhagcgzhr frgch y hu`ecthr vfae`gh

 

RUAKFCH@GMHR Zehbbgfces hmvershs9

 Haterhbgfces ec trhbtf urgchrgf

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]rhstfrcfs mea sgste`h de`htfpfyçtgbf

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Kgejre gcmubgmh pfr mrfnhs Lercgbterus Ràcmrf`e me Rtevec - Ifdcsfc

 

RUAKFCH@GMHR Usfs terhpçutgbfs9 

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Gckebbgfces urgchrghs (kh`gagh bfag) Kgejre tgkfgmeh bf`jgchmh bfc ]@_ Cfbhrmgfsgs9 suakhs + ]@_ ]rhbf`h, bfciuctgvgtgs me gcbausgòc, agckfnrhcuaf`h vecçref

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]fxfpahs`fsgs

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Gckebbgfces pfr `ecgcnfbfbfs Usf prfkgaèbtgbf9 Ec prfsthtgtgs, vhngcgtgs (R@Y + ]@_) Mer`htgtgs derpetgkfr`e Rdgneaafsgs y ceu`fcàh pfr _. Bhrgcg. R@Y y ]@_, es me prg`erh eaebbgòc.

 

RUAKFCH@GMHR   èr`hbf

_resecthbgòc y mfsgs

Recsgjgagmhm/Zesgstecbgh

Ek. Bfahterhaes

Ruakhmghzgch Ruakfch`gmh me hbbgòc gcter`emgh

Bf`p `n þ 2-; Mfsgs9 5?? :-= n/màh _hrhbfbbgmgfmf`gbfsgs9 ;5-8??`n/ln/màh þ ; ]fxfpahs`fsgs ec gc`ucfmeprg`gmfs9 =n/màh þ =

Ruakh`etfxhzfa + Ruakh`etfxhzfa ]rg`etfprgc Hsfbghbgòc

Bf`p :5?-5??-8???`n H`p :??`n x 8??`a H`p- =??`n x :??`a

Fpbgòc Cfbhrmgfsgs, _rfkgahxgsphrh9 kgejre reu`ètgbh, huxgaghr ec tfxfpahs`fsgs, `hahrgh y phrhbfbbgmgfm phrhbfbbgmgfmff`gbfsgs Zesgstectes9 Bephs J Hctrhbgs, Jrubeah _seumf`fch, D gckaueczh Recsgjaes9  _seumf`fc Recsgjaes9 _seumf`fchs, hs, E bfag, Laejsgeaah, Ecterfjhbter, Rerrhtgh, Rha`fceaah,

Cèuseh, vò`gtf, mghrreh, mgspepsgh. Haerngh, R R Ifdcsfc, Dephtgtgs, vhsbuagtgs. Bekhaeh, hngthbgòc, cekrf?phtgh hnumh y cekrgtgs gcterstgbgha dgpfpahsgh `emuahr. Cèuseh, vò`gtf, mghrreh, mgspepsgh. Haerngh, R R Ifdcsfc,

jhbtergfstètgbh ec G]U, ftgtgs, ùtga sgcusgtgs, jrfcqugtgs jrfcqugt gs y ceu`fbgstfsgs. 8¹ fpbgòc ec ceu`fcàh pfr _.

Mfsgs usuha9 [F 5??->5? `nx:< E[ :??-=??`n :??-=??`nx: x: G]U bf`pagbhmh y ceu`fcàhs nrhves :??=??`nx: >-8= màhs _rfsthtgtgs bròcgbh9

Rdgnueaah, :¹ Fpbgòc9 hbtgcfjhbter. R Hureus Recsgjae, R Epgmer`gtgs, R khebhags. Zesgstectes9  Jhbterfgmes y Zesgstectes9 hcherfjgfs, hcherfj gfs, Rthkgafbfbfs y Estreptfbfbfs, Urehpahs`h, Cfbhrmgh, ] _haagmu`, Bephs

Dephtgtgs, vhsbuagtgs. Bekhaeh, hngthbgòc. Kgejre, dgpfpahsgh `emuahr. _rebgpgth ler`gbterus ec rebgçc chbgmfs.

bhrgcg

5??`n/mfsgsx: :4 màhs

me _seumf`fchs y Agstergh

 

F]ZFR KÈZ@HBFR  HC]GJHB]EZGHCFR Ruakfchs

Cgtrfkurhctfàch

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Zeahbgfchmf suakfch`gmhsbfc Mgspfcgjae bhps. 8?? `n  Hbtgvh ec @. Aeprhe ]erhpgh _ceu`fbgstgs Bhrgcg y mer`htgtgs derpetgkfr`e

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Rgctçtgbf, gckebbgfsf hctg].U. Mgspfcgjae ec kfr`h frha. Bhps 8?? `n Cf hmebuhmf ec prfsthtgtgs Gcmgbhmf ec haernghs h suakfchs