01 Ra41211en40gla0 Rl40 Overview

LTE Functionalities and Features Overview LTE Radio Parameters RL40

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RA41211EN40GLA0

Contents 1. LTE Functionalities & Features Overview 2. Parameters Structure & SIBs 3. Physical Channel Configuration & Random Access 4. UE State Handling 5. Bearer Management 6. Admission Control 7. Power Control & Power Setting 8. Adaptive Modulation & Coding 9. MIMO Mode Control 10. Idle Mode Mobility 11. Connected Mode Mobility 12. Scheduler 13. SON 3

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LTE/EPC Network Elements Main references to architecture in 3GPP specs.: TS23.401,TS23.402,TS36.300

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

Evolved Packet Core (EPC) HSS

eNB Mobility Management Entity

Policy & Charging Rule Function

S6a

MME

X2

S10

S7

Rx+ PCRF

S11 S5/S8

S1-U LTE-Uu

LTE-UE

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PDN Serving Gateway

Evolved Node B (eNB)

PDN Gateway

S-GW /P-GW

RA41211EN40GLA0

SGi

LTE Radio Interface and the X2 Interface (E)-RRC

LTE-Uu interface

.. User PDUs

User PDUs

PDCP RLC

TS 36.300

MAC

eNB

LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)

LTE-Uu

X2-CP (Control Plane) TS 36.423 TS 36.422 TS 36.421

User PDUs

GTP-U

SCTP

UDP

IP

IP

L1/L2

L1/L2

X2 TS 36.424

TS 36.421

TS 36.420

eNB 5

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UL • FDD and TDD duplex methods • Scalable bandwidth 1.4MHz to currently 20 MHz

X2 interface

X2-UP (User Plane)

X2-AP

• Air interface of LTE • Based on OFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in

RA41211EN40GLA0

• Inter eNB interface • X2AP: special signalling protocol • Functionalities: – For an inter- eNB HO to facilitate handover and provide data forwarding. – In RRM to provide e.g. load information to neighbouring eNBs to facilitate interference management – Logical interface: It does not need direct site-to-site connection, i.e. it can be routed via core network as well

S1-MME & S1-U Interfaces S1 interface is divided into two parts: S1-MME interface • Control interface between eNB and MME • S1AP:S1 Application Protocol • MME and UE will exchange nonaccess stratum signaling via eNB through this interface ( i.e. authentication, tracking area updates)

S1-MME (Control Plane) NAS Protocols

TS 36.413

S1-AP

TS 36.412

SCTP

MME

IP

eNB

L1/L2

TS 36.411 S1-U (User Plane) User PDUs

GTP-U TS 36.414

S1-U interface • User plane interface between eNB and serving gateway • Pure user data interface (U=User plane)

UDP IP

TS 36.411

L1/L2

TS 36.410 [currently in TS 36.300 §19]

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RA41211EN40GLA0

Serving Gateway

Physical Layer Technologies Downlink: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access). Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access).

Both FDD and TDD modes available. Subcarrier spacing 15 kHz.

FDD Carrier Bandwidth [MHz]

Number of Resource Blocks

1.4

6

3

15

5

25

10

50

15

75

20

100

Scalable bandwidth.

FDD with 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz Bandwidth supported in RL40 7

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Exercise - Theoretical RB Capacity (normal cyclic prefix case) 12 subcarriers (180 kHz)

Resource Block (RB) • Basic unit of resource • 12 subcarriers wide in the frequency domain • 7 symbols long in the time domain • Thus, 84 symbols per resource block 7 symbols (0.5 ms)

• Bit Rate per Resource Block depends upon modulation scheme

Bit Rates per Resource Block TTI is 1 ms, i.e. duration of 2 resource blocks 8

Based upon 3GPP TS 36.211

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Symbol rate = 168 ksps • QPSK => 2 bits per symbol => 336 kbps • 16QAM => 4 bits per symbol => 672 kbps • 64QAM => 6 bits per symbol => 1.008 Mbps

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Exercise - Theoretical LTE Bit Rates - Downlink • Bit Rates per Resource Block  Number of Resource Blocks Channel Bandwidth

Figures in Mbps 1.4 MHz 3 MHz

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

QPSK

2.016

5.040

8.400

16.800

25.200

33.600

16QAM

4.032

10.080

16.800

33.600

50.400

67.200

64QAM

6.048

15.120

25.200

50.400

75.600

100.800

64QAM (2×2 MIMO)

12.096

30.240

50.400

100.800 151.200 201.600

64QAM (4×4 MIMO)

24.192

60.480

100.800

201.600 302.400 403.200

• These bit rates are applicable to the bottom of the Physical Layer, i.e. coding rate has not been taken into account • Also requirement to account for the overheads generated by Reference and Synchronisation Signals + other Physical Channels 9

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LTE Peak Layer 1 Data Rates •

Downlink: Peak Rate 172 Mbps with 2x2 MIMO and 20 MHz Modulation coding QPSK 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 64QAM 4/4 Single stream 64QAM 3/4 2x2 MIMO 64QAM 1/1 2x2 MIMO 64QAM 1/1 4x4 MIMO

•

1.4 MHz 0.7 1.4 2.2 3.3 4.3 6.6 8.8 16.6

3.0 MHz 2.1 4.1 6.2 9.3 12.4 18.9 25.3 47.7

5.0 MHz 3.5 7.0 10.5 15.7 21.0 31.9 42.5 80.3

10 MHz 7.0 14.1 21.1 31.7 42.3 64.3 85.7 161.9

15 MHz 10.6 21.2 31.8 47.7 63.6 96.7 128.9 243.5

20 MHz 14.1 28.3 42.4 63.6 84.9 129.1 172.1 325.1

Uplink: Peak Rate 57 Mbps with 20 MHz and 16QAM Modulation coding QPSK 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 1/2 Single stream 16QAM 3/4 Single stream 16QAM 1/1 Single stream 64QAM 3/4 Single stream 64QAM 1/1 Single stream 64QAM 1/1 V-MIMO (cell)

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1.4 MHz 0.7 1.4 2.2 2.9 3.2 4.3 8.6

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3.0 MHz 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.1 9.1 12.1 24.2

5.0 MHz 3.5 6.9 10.4 13.8 15.6 20.7 41.5

10 MHz 7.1 14.1 21.2 28.2 31.8 42.3 84.7

15 MHz 10.8 21.6 32.4 43.2 48.6 64.8 129.6

20 MHz 14.3 28.5 42.8 57.0 64.2 85.5 171.1

LTE UE Categories • • • •

All categories support 20 MHz 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5) 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1 Class 6,7 &8 added for R10 Class 1

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Class 5

Class 6

Class 7

Class 8

Peak rate DL/UL RF bandwidth Modulation DL Modulation UL

10/5 Mbps

50/25 Mbps

100/50 Mbps

150/50 Mbps

299/75 Mbps

301/50 Mbps

301/102 Mbps

3000/1500 Mbps

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

64QAM

16QAM

16QAM

16QAM

16QAM

64QAM

16QAM

16QAM

64QAM

Rx diversity

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Optional

2x2

2x2

2x2

4x4

MIMO DL

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2x2 or 4x4 2x2 or 4x4

8x8

RRM Framework •UE scope:Handover control, power control, Adaptive Modulation and Coding, outer link quality control, MIMO •Cell scope:Radio Admission Control, Congestion Control

•eNode B scope: Packet Scheduler (cell scope for simpler implementation) •RAN scope:Load Balancing

•Multi-RAT scope: Interworking with GSM/EDGE, UMTS and CDMA2000, inter-RAT HO

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RA41211EN40GLA0

RRM Framework Functional Description of the different RRM Modules •Radio Admission Control : Admission control will be encharged of deciding when new users (or mobility users) are allowed to establish bearers in the cell •Handover control: is encharged of the mobility control within the LTE RRM. Based on UE reported events it will select the appropriate target cell for HO and initiate mobility procedures.

•Packet Scheduler: Is encharged of UL and DL scheduling every TTI and resource allocation. PS will decide which users are scheduled on a TTI basis, the location and the amount of resources allocated to each user. •AMC (OLQC, OLLA) : AMC will perform link adaptation tasks to ensure radio resources are used in the most effiecient way possible. •MIMO: This module is encharged of selecting whether Transmit diversity, Spatial multiplexing or dynamic switching between previous two modes will be emplyed for every user based on UE feedback

•Power control: For DL it will be a semi static configuration but for UL RRM will provide feedback for closed loop power control to reduce UL interference. 13

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RRM Framework: Time Scale of RRM Functions Time Scale Traffic, Channel and Location Variations Call Duration

100 s

Radio Admission Control Connection Mobility Control

10 s

Load Balancing , Congestion Control

Layer 3 RRM

Interhandover Time 1s L3 Signaling Delay

100 ms

Slow UL Power Control (open/closed Loop)

Burst or Packet Duration Channel Fading Time

10 ms

LTE TTI

1 ms

Slow UL LA/AMC, Slow UL ATB

Dynamic MIMO Control

Outer Link Quality Control (OLQC) Fast DL AMC Packet Scheduling (UL/DL), fast ATB ATB = Adaptive Transmission Bandwidth

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UE DRX/DTX Control

RA41211EN40GLA0

Layer 2 RRM

RL10 Features

RRM/Telecom

BTS Site Solution LTE74 Flexi System Module FSMD LTE86 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 2100 LTE88 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 900* LTE99 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1.7/2.1 LTE101 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800* LTE437 Flexi 3-sector RF Module 800EU* LTE547 Flexi RRH 2 TX 800EU* LTE76 Flexi BTS legacy MHA Support LTE94 Feederless Site LTE97 Cell range 77 km LTE155 Flexi BTS 3rd party MHA Support LTE899 Antenna Line Supervision LTE900 Flexi LTE BTS 40W Power Support LTE903 Flexi LTE BTS 60W Power Support LTE904 Branch Activation in Triple RF Module

Transport LTE129 LTE131 LTE138 LTE707 LTE710 LTE711 LTE875 LTE132 LTE134 LTE713 15

Traffic prioritization on Ethernet layer Traffic prioritization on IP layer (Diffserv) Traffic shaping (UL) Flexi Transport sub-module FTIB Synchronization from PDH interface Synchronization from 2.048MHz signal Different IP addresses for U/C/M/S-plan VLAN based traffic differentiation Timing over Packet Synchronous Ethernet

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RA41211EN40GLA0

LTE70 LTE1 LTE3 LTE5 LTE20 LTE27 LTE28 LTE30 LTE31 LTE37 LTE38 LTE39 LTE40 LTE41 LTE45 LTE49 LTE50 LTE51 LTE53 LTE69 LTE788 LTE187 LTE423 LTE747 LTE749 LTE761 LTE762 LTE767 LTE43 LTE793

Downlink adaptive open loop MIMO for two antennas S1/X2 data path management S1, X2 and RRC common signaling Radio bearer and S1 bearer establishment and release Admission control Open loop UL power control and DL power setting Closed loop UL power control CQI adaption (DL) Link adaptation by AMC (UL/DL) Ciphering Integrity protection System information broadcast Physical & transport channels PDCP, RLC & MAC support Fair scheduler (UL/DL) Paging UE state management Cell selection and re-selection Intra and inter eNB handover with X2 Transmit diversity for two antennas Support of 16 QAM (UL) Single TX path mode RRC connection release with redirect Support of UE radio capabilities Link adaptation for PDCCH Advanced target cell selection and handover retry for intra frequency handover Idle mode mobility from LTE to WCDMA, GSM or other LTE bands Support of aperiodic CQI reports Support of 64 QAM in DL Support of 16 QAM (DL)

RL20 Features BTS Site Solution

RRM/Telecom

LTE113 LTE447 LTE101 LTE104 LTE677

LTE2 LTE4 LTE7 LTE9 LTE10 LTE11 LTE13 LTE22 LTE54 LTE55 LTE562 LTE703 LTE819 LTE870 LTE914

Cell Bandwidth - 15 MHz SW support for RF sharing GSM-LTE Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1800 Flexi RRH 2TX 1800 Flexi 1600 MHz RF solution

Transport

LTE140 LTE491 LTE649 LTE564 LTE592 LTE775

Ethernet OAM FlexiPacket Radio Connectivity QoS aware Ethernet switching IPSec on FTIB Link Supervision with BFD SCTP multi-homing (MME)

Operability

LTE492 LTE185 LTE475 LTE559 LTE830 LTE502 LTE163 LTE433 LTE667 LTE796

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ANR System Upgrade Automatic iOMS resiliency SW Monitoring Module for LTE LTE Automatic Lock Cell Outage triggered reset Subscriber and Equipment Trace Cell Trace LTE User Event Log Management iOMS connectivity increase

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RA41211EN40GLA0

S1 Flex Multi-Operator Core Network Support of multiple EPS bearer Service differentiation EPS bearers for conversational voice Robust header compression Rate capping Emergency call handling Intra-LTE handover via S1 Inter-frequency handover CSFB to UTRAN or GSM via redirect DL adaptive closed loop MIMO for two antennas DL inter-cell interference generation Idle mode mobility from LTE to CDMA/eHRPD Graceful cell shut down

Performance Monitoring

LTE805

PM Counter Capacity I

RL30 Features

RRM/Telecom LTE0570

Periodic UE measurements

LTE0042

Support of DRX in RRC connected mode

LTE0056

Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA

LTE0068

Support of Cell Based Location Service

LTE0426

System Time Broadcast for SIB8

LTE0430

DL power boosting for control channels

LTE0442

Network Assisted Cell Change to GSM

LTE0450

MME capacity value change

LTE0473

Extended DRX Settings

LTE0490

Subscriber Profile Based Mobility

LTE0518

Operator specifc QCI

LTE0522

S1 Partial Reset

LTE0571

Controlled uplink packet segmentation

LTE0572

IMS emergency session

LTE0616

Usage Based PDCCH adaptation

LTE0619

Interference aware UL scheduling

LTE0735

RRC Connection Reestablishment

LTE533: Mobility Robustness

LTE0807

Idle Mode Mobility From LTE To CDMA/1xRTTI

LTE581: PRACH management

LTE0829

Increased UL MCS Range

LTE602: Performance Management Administration

LTE0971

Intra-LTE mobility offsets

LTE644: Configurable cell trace content

LTE1034

Extended Uplink Link Adaption

LTE771: Optimization of neighbor relations

LTE1035

Outer Loop Link Adaptation for PDCCH

BTS Site Solution LTE89: Flexi RRH 2TX 2600 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE91: Flexi RRH 2TX 850 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE106: 6 Cells support with one System Module LTE452: Flexi RRH 2TX 2100 Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE RF LTE614: Distributed Site Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE LTE921: Flexi 3-sector RF Module 760 LTE977: RF chaining Flexi Multiradio BTS LTE LTE1101: FFCB TRS External Filter for FHCA LTE1106: Flexi low power RRH 850 2TX for optical repeater interface

Operability LTE424: Automatic interface alarm correlation LTE459: LTE Timing Advance Evaluation LTE482: DNS Support for Certificate Examination LTE510: Synchronization of InterRAT Neighbors

LTE782: ANR Fully UE based Automated Neighbor Relation

LTE783: ANR InterRAT UTRAN

Transport

LTE784: ANR InterRAT GERAN Automated Neighbor Relation

LTE144: Transport admission control

LTE882: System Upgrade with Backward Compatibility

LTE574: IP Transport Network Measurements LTE931: Ethernet Jumbo Frames LTE Transport

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RA41211EN40GLA0

LTE866: Fast IP Rerouting

RL40 New Features BTS Site Solution

RRM/Telecom

LTE0179 Dual Band with One System Module LTE0621 Multiradio System Module basic LTE configurations LTE0763 FXFA Flexi 3-sector RF Module 1900 LTE0947 Flexi Multimode System Module FSMF LTE0949 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFD LTE0950 Flexi power distribution sub-module FPFC LTE1040 FXEB RF Module 1800 MHz, 90 W LTE1072 Flexi Lite 750

Operability LTE0162 Cell trace with IMSI LTE0593 Security for Ethernet Ports on FCT/FSM3 LTE0622 Local Link Layer Security LTE0623 Crypto Agent LTE0877 Adjustable Performance Upload

LTE0046 LTE0048 LTE0440 LTE0494 LTE0495 LTE0496 LTE0497 LTE0519 LTE0534 LTE0587 LTE0736 LTE0843 LTE0872 LTE0873 LTE0979 LTE0984 LTE1014 LTE1073 LTE1387

Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) Support of high speed users S1 Overload Handling Commercial Mobile Alert System OTDOA Support of QCI 2, 3, and 4 Smart admission control eRAB modification ARP based admission control Multiple GBR EPS bearers per UE CS fallback to UTRAN ETWS broadcast SRVCC to WCDMA SRVCC to GSM IRC for 2 RX paths GSM redirect with system information X2 eNode B configuration update Measurement based redirect Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load balancing

LTE0940 SW Verification Agent

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LTE0953 MDT (Minimization of Drive Test) LTE1045 Full SON Support for distributed sites

Transport

LTE1078 System Upgrade with Backward Compatibility

LTE0612

Synchronization Hub

LTE1340 Trace-based Real Time Monitoring

LTE0628

Flexi Transport submodule FTIF

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RA41211EN40GLA0

Dec 2012

LTE (FDD) Roadmap Overview 01/2011 2007

2Q/2011 2008

4Q/20112 2009

RL20

RL30

RL40

RL50

Quality of Service Network & RF Sharing

Network Operations Enhanced IRAT Mobility

Network Capacity Smart Phones

LTE - Advanced Carrier Aggregation

Fair & QoS Aware Scheduling • Voice over LTE Solution • Service Differentiation • Rate Capping Intra LTE Mobility Inter RAT Mobility (Re-Selection) Multi-Operator Core Network Multiple EPS Bearers CS Fallback SON-BTS Auto Connectivity SON-BTS Auto Configuration SON-Central ANR SON-Self Healing Trace Solution RF Sharing GSM - LTE QoS Aware Ethernet Switching Ethernet OAM Flexi Packet Radio Connectivity

Interference Aware Scheduling UE Power Saving (DRX) Operator Specific QCIs Subscriber Profile Based Mobility Inter RAT Handover to WCDMA NACC to GSM SON-ANR Fully UE Based SON-Inter RAT ANR SON-Optimization Neighbor Relations SON-Automatic Alarm Correlation SON-Mobility Robustness (MRO) Up to 6 Cells per Flexi BTS Fast IP Rerouting

Channel Aware Scheduler (UL) Smart DRX Smart Admission Control OTDOA Location Service CS Fallback Enhancements SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM SON-Minimization of Drive Tests SON Reports Time Based Power Saving Flexi Multiradio System Module Flexi Lite BTS 4-way RX Diversity Interference Rejection Combining Synchronization Hub Intra-eNB Inter-frequency Load balancing

Carrier Aggregation MIMO 4x2 Flexi RF Module 6TX Load Balancing SON-MRO Evolution Real Time Monitoring High Capacity Site Configurations IPv6 Frequency Bands (MHz): • 700 APT

Frequency Bands: • 760 MHz

Frequency Bands: • 1900 MHz • 900 MHz

Frequency Bands: • 2600, 2100 and 1800 MHz • 1700/2100 and 1600 MHz • 800EU, 850 and 730 MHz

Available 19

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Contract

Under Planning

RA41211EN40GLA0

Study Item

3Q/13 & 20142010

RL60 LTE - Advanced UL Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) UL MU-MIMO (4RX) Interference Coordination (eICIC) FDD-TDD Handover SON- Energy Savings Timing over Packet with Phase Synch

LTE (FDD) RRM & Telecom Roadmap (06.2013) RL40 Available

RL50 Ready for Contract

RL60 Under Planning

Future Releases Study Items beyond RL60

Network Architecture

Services

Services

Study Items

S1 Overload Handling

Smart DRX

Cell Resource Groups

Multiband Carrier Aggregation (3CC)

RAN Sharing

Multimedia Priority Service

eICIC

Capacity / Coverage Capacity / Coverage

Liquid Cell eMBMS

TTI Bundling

Downlink Carrier Aggregation 40 MHz

MIMO 4x2

UL Intra eNB CoMP

IRC for 4 RX Paths Reduced Uplink Bandwidth

Interference Aware Uplink Power Control

Super Cell

C-Plane Overload Handling

OTDOA Location Services

Mobility

Mobility

Capacity / Coverage

Inter eNB Inter-Frequency Load Balancing

RAN Information Management Support

Channel Aware Scheduler (UL)

Idle Mode Load Balancing

Inter RAT Handover from WCDMA

FDD – TDD Handover

eCS Fallback to CDMA/1xRTT

Home eNode B Mobility

Inter RAT Handover to eHRPD

Services ETWS / CMAS

Downlink Carrier Aggregation 20 MHz

GBR QoS Package • QCI 2, 3 and 4 • ARP at Admission Control • Smart Admission Control Multiple GBR Bearers eRAB Modification

Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) Mobility SRVCC to WCDMA / GSM

CS Fallback Enhancements Intra eNB Inter-Frequency Load Balancing High Speed User

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RA41211EN40GLA0

LTE (FDD) Operability & SON Roadmap (06.2013) RL40 Available

RL50 Ready for Contract

Management Features Adjustable Performance Upload Cell Trace with IMSI Data Collector Suite Security Local Link Layer Security Crypto Agent SW Verification Agent*

SON Self-Optimization Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) SON Reports

Security Certificate Enrolment (Rel9) & Multilayer Certificates

SON Self-Configuration Cell-Specific Neighbor Relation / PCI Handling

Self-Optimization RACH Optimization Inter RAT Neighbor Relation Optimization

*RL40 Maintenance Release

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Future Releases Study Items beyond RL60

Management Features BTS Diagnostics Toolkit Real Time KPI -Monitoring

Study Items MDT Enhancements Inter RAT MRO Energy Efficiency

Security Revocation Management

SON

SON Automation Modes

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RL60 Under Planning

RA41211EN40GLA0

Self-Optimization Inter Frequency ANR UE based