01 Manual de Instalación de Apoyos y Aisladores
September 11, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 3
Bciuc` ea Oistc Oistc`cfoöi `cfoöi [crc [crc cplyls astrufturc`as y cos`celras sâsbofls sâsbofls
Flpyrodgt © >;34 bcdanc Drlup, Nð`cfg, Vwotzar`cie. C`` rodgts rasarvae.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >
Flitaits 3
Oitrleuffoöi ............................................................................................................................ 5
> 6
Cp Cp`o`o fcn fcno`o` oe ce ............................................................................................................................ 5 rtcifo cifo c ea e a u ic f lr lrraft raft c o is istc`cf tc`cfoöi oöi ............... ..................... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .......... .... 5 Obpl rt
5
[rlp öso tl ea asta bciu bciuc` c` ea o ist c`cfo öi ................ ...................... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........ .. 1
1
` ls cplyl s astr uf uftu turc`as rc`as ........ .............. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ..... 1 Oitr leu ffo öi c `ls
8
[`ciohofcfoöi y prapcrcfoöi ea `ls trcncmls ea oistc`cfoöi ................................................. 8 8.3 8.3
Eospliono`oece y usl ea oihlrbcfoöi ra`avcita ............... ........................ .................. .................. .................. .................. ................... ................. ....... 8 8
8.> 8.>
Bctaroc`as, garrcboaitcs y aquopls ............................................................................................. 8 8
4
e a` pars lic` ea oi stc` cfoö i ............... ..................... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........ .. 8 Flbp ataifo c ea`
7
@c su parv os oö oöi i ea e a `ls tr cncmls ea oi st stc`cfo c`cfoöi öi ................ ...................... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ...... 4
?
c`cfoöi öi ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........ 4 Uabcs ea s c`ue y s adur oe ce eu rcit a `c o ist c`cfo ?.3 ?.3
^oasdl ea fcâec ea c`turc .............................................................................................................. 4 4
?.> ?.>
^oasdl ea sar dl`pacel plr ui lnmatl drciea y pascel flbl ai a` crrciqua ................ ......................... ............ ... 4
?.6 ?.6
^oasdl ea ecóls c `c sc`ue plr a a`` flitcftl fli a` glrbodöi hrasfl / blrtarl b lrtarl /drlut, atf. ......... 4
?.5 ?.5
^oasdl eurcita `c sl`eceurc (so as cp`ofcn`a) ...................... ............................... ................... ................... .................. .................. .................. ............ ... 4 4
?.1 ?.1
^oasdl ea suhror ecóls daiarc`as ea flistruffoöi - usl ea A[[ cprlpocel ........ ................. .................. ................. ........ 7
3; Fuoe cel ea e a `ls cplyl s eur e urcita cita y easpu e aspuïs ïs ea `c o ist c`cfo c`cfoöi öi ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ..... 7 33 ^ados ^adostr tr l ea `l s tr cncmls rac`o zcels ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......... ... 7 3> @cs fcr fcrcftarâs cftarâsto to fcs f` cva ea cply cplyls ls ........... ................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......... ... 7 3>.3 3>.3
[`cfc ea oeaitohofcfoöi ................................................................................................................... ? ?
3>.> 3>.>
Asfc`c ea blvoboaitl ................................................................................................................... ? ?
3>.6 3>.6
[ra-cmusta ...................................................................................................................................... ? ?
3>.5 3>.5
Cffaslrols ea trcisplrta............................................................................................................. 3; 3;
3>.1 3>.1
@cs bcrfcs ai `c pcrta suparolr ea cplyl......... .................. .................. ................... ................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ........... 3; 3;
3>.8 3>.8
suparhofoas ea iova`cfoöi ............................................................................................................. 33 33
3>.4 3>.4
prltaffoöi flitrc a` pl`vl .......................................................................................................... 33 33
3>.7 3>.7
[`cfcs ea Cif`cma ......................................................................................................................... 3> 3>
36 Urcisp lr lrta, ta, ravo so soöi öi y c`b cfaicbo cfaicboaitl aitl ea `l s cplyls cpl yls ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ...... 36 36.3 36.3
Urcisplrta y bciopu`cfoöi .......................................................................................................... 36 36
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 6
36.> 36.>
^avosoöi ea `ls cplyls ................................................................................................................ 36 36
36.6 36.6
C`bcfaicboaitl ......................................................................................................................... 35 35
35 Eosaó Eosaól l ea astr uft ur cs ea fl fliaxo iaxo öi ............... ..................... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .......... .... 35 31 [lso fo li licboait cboait l ea `l `ls s cplyl s ................ ...................... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ......... ... 31 31.3 31.3
Qnofcfoöi (qua cplyl vc c eliea) y `c lroaitcfoöi ea `c astrufturc......... .................. .................. ................... ............... ..... 31 31
31.> 31.>
A` cmusta ea pracmusta .................................................................................................................. 31 31
31.6 31.6
A` plsofolicboaitl prafosl ea `ls cplyls......... .................. .................. ................... ................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ........... 31 31
31.5 31.5
bïtlel plson`a pcrc a` cmusta ea a`avcfoöi a `avcfoöi l oif`oicfoöi ................... ............................ .................. .................. .................. ............ ... 38 38
38 ^aquos ot ls daiarc` as ea oi st stc`cfo c`cfoöi öi .......... ................ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........ .. 34 34 A` s lplr ta e a `l s cplyls y ` c fl iaxoöi fli `c s unastr uft urc ... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... 34 34.3 34.3
sunastrufturc ea flifratl .......................................................................................................... 34 34
34.> 34.>
sunastrufturc ea cfarl ............................................................................................................... >; >;
37 Fliaxo öi ea cplyl s c supar s upar astr uft ur urc c .............. .................... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .......... .... >3 37.3 37.3
suparastrufturc ea glrbodöi ..................................................................................................... >3 >3
37.> 37.>
suparastrufturc ea cfarl ............................................................................................................ >> >>
3? Flrt a / a`ob oi oicfoö cfoö i e a cffaslro cffasl ro ls ea tr cisp lrt a ...... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .......... .... >6 >; Oistc`cfoöi eancml ea uic suparastrufturc axostaita ........................................................ >6 >;.3 >;.3
@avcitcboaitl ea `c suparastrufturc sadýi sac iafascrol .......... ................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ........... >5 >5
>;.> >;.>
@c a`oboicfoöi ea` cplyl axostaita, y `c astrufturc ea fliaxoöi sadýi flrraspliec......... ................ ....... >1 >1
>;.6 >;.6
[rapcrcfoöi ea `c astrufturc pcrc rafonor a` iuavl cplyl ............... ........................ .................. .................. .................. ................ ....... >1 >1
>;.5 >;.5
@c oisarfoöi ea ui iuavl cplyl ai plsofoöi plr eancml ea uic suparastrufturc axostaita ..... >1 >1
>;.1 >;.1
A` plsofolicboaitl prafosl y cmusta ea pra-cmusta so as iafascrol ......... .................. .................. ................... .................. ........ >4 >4
>;.8 >;.8
Fliaxoöi ea` cplyl c `c astrufturc ................ ......................... .................. ................... ................... .................. .................. .................. .................. ............. .... >4 >4
>;.4 >;.4
Easfaisl ea `c suparastrufturc a`avcec pcrc easfciscr slnra iuavls cplyls ................ ........................ ........ >? >?
>3 @c oi stc` cfoö i ea cplyl cp lyl s a`cst a`cstlb lbïrof ïrof ls ............. ................... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .......... .... >? >> Oispaffo öi ho ic` y `o bpo azc ea `ls cplyl s o ist c`cels pl r fl bp` atl ... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... .. 63 >>.3 >>.3
Flbprlncfoöi y rapcrcfoöi ea prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi (so as cp`ofcn`a) ........ ................. ................ ....... 63 63
>>.> >>.>
@obpoazc ea cplyl y `c flihorbcfoöi ea qua astã `onra ea lnstruffolias ......... .................. .................. ................ ....... 63 63
>>.6 >>.6
@c flihorbcfoöi ea `c oistc`cfoöi flbp`atc y ceafucec......... .................. .................. .................. .................. .................. ................ ....... 63 63
Cpïie ïieof of a 3= Garrcb Gar rcboai oaitcs tcs atf atf,, pcrc pcr c sar pr prlp lplr lr fo li cel pl plrr a` fl flit itrct rct os tc ............................... 6> Cp Cp Cpïie ïieof of a >= Oih lr lrba ba ea e a oist oi stc`cf c`cfoö oö i ............................................................................................. 66
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 5
3 Oitrleuffoöi Oitrleuffoöi @ls cplyls astrufturc`as sli flbpliaitas fuoecelscbaita eosaócels qua tâpofcbaita astãi sumatls c uic oitaisc fcrdc ea hctodc eurcita su voec ýto` c pascr ea qua daiarc`baita sli flisoearcn`abaita bails rlnustls qua `c astrufturc proifopc`. @c oistc`cfoöi ceafucec y a` fuoecel ai tlel blbaitl sli, plr `l tcitl, asaifoc`as pcrc dcrcitozcr qua a` cplyl huifolia ea hlrbc sadurc y noai eurcita `c voec ýto` pravostc. @c suparvosoöi ea `c oistc`cfoöi, qua tcbnoïi sorva pcrc fcpcfotcr c` parslic` ea` flitrctostc pcrc huturls trcncmls ea oistc`cfoöi (c bails qua gcyci soel eanoecbaita fcpcfotcels y fartohofcels ai `c oistc`cfoöi ea `ls cplyls plr ui lrdciosbl flbpataita), puaea sar prlvostc plr bcdanc pravoc sl`ofotue, y sa raflboaiec c bails qua a` flitrctostc toaia suhofoaita axparoaifoc y axparoaifoc. @c oistc`cfoöi ea `ls cplyls a`cstlbïrofls qua il toaiai p`cfcs ea cfarl ai sus suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi (plr amabp`l @CVUL®N@LFJ topl N) as daiarc`baita bãs hãfo` qua ltrls topls ea cplyls, y sa easfrona ai `c Vaffoöi >3. >3.
> Cp`ofcno`oece Cp`ofcno`oece Asta bciuc` sa puaea uto`ozcr ai fliaxoöi fli `c oistc`cfoöi ea tlels `ls cplyls astrufturc`as ea bcdanc, oif`uyaiel ^AVULI®[LU, ^AVULI®V[GA^OFC@, ^AVULI®EOVF, ^AVULI®HL^FA, ^AVULI®@OIAC^ y @CVUL®N@LFJ. Ucbnoïi sa cp`ofc c `c oistc`cfoöi ea tlels `ls topls ea cos`celras sâsbofls bcdanc, oif`uoels @CVUL®@^N, @CVUL®GE^N y ^AVULI®[AIEQ@QB, yc qua astls puaeai flisoearcrsa ui topl pcrtofu`cr ea cplyl. A` tïrboil "cplyl", fuciel cpcrafa ai asta bciuc`, puaea aitaiearsa qua sa cp`ofc tcbnoïi c tc`as cos`citas sâsbofls. @ls cplyls y cos`celras c `ls qua sa cp`ofc asta bciuc` sa uto`ozci buy c baiuel ba iuel ai `cs astrufturcs ea puaitas, parl a` bciuc` tcbnoïi sa puaeai uto`ozcr, sadýi flrraspliec, fuciel `ls cplyls l cos`celras astãi oistc`cels ai aeohofols y ltrcs astrufturcs. Eliea `c pc`cnrc ‐puaita‒ cpcrafa ai asta bciuc`, `c pc`cnrc ‐astrufturc‒ l ‐astrufturc`‒ sa puaea aitaiear ea cp`ofcr, sadýi sac cprlpocel. Eliea cpcrafa `c pc`cnrc ‐funoartc‒, `c pc`cnrc ‐suparastrufturc‒ sa puaea aitaiear c cp`ofcr. @c baeoec ai qua `cs pcutcs daiarc`as ea asta bciuc` sa eanai cp`ofcr c fuc`quoar topl ea cplyl y sotucfoöi raquoara ui muofol ea oidaioarâc y sa eana flitcftcr c bcdanc ai fcsl ea euec l hc`tc ea flbpataifoc ceafucec ai a` aquopl ea oistc`cfoöi l su ceboiostrcfoöi l suparvosoöi. Ai pcrtofu`cr, sa eana gcfar raharaifoc c tlels `ls raquosotls y ilrbcs icfolic`as l oitaricfolic`as partoiaitas. Asta bciuc` sa cp`ofc proifopc`baita c `c oistc`cfoöi ea `ls cplyls eurcita `c flistruffoöi oiofoc` ea uic astrufturc, citas ea `c suparastrufturc sa gc flistruoel l `avcitcel ai su `udcr. @c oistc`cfoöi ea `ls cplyls ea raabp`czl ai uic astrufturc axostaita raquoara uic p`ciohofcfoöi aspafâhofc ea` prlyaftl, Va eana flisu`tcr c bcdanc ai tc`as fcsls pcrc lntaiar `c lroaitcfoöi ceafucec, parl sa nroiec lroaitcfoöi daiarc` ai `c Vaffoöi >; pcrc su usl, sadýi flrraspliec.
6 Obplrtcifoc ea uic flrraftc oistc`cfoöi oistc`cfoöi @c oistc`cfoöi cprlpocec as frâtofcbaita obplrtcita pcrc csadurcr a` nuai flbplrtcboaitl c `crdl p`czl ea fuc`quoar cplyl. Vo il sa oistc`c flrraftcbaita, ui cplyl puaea suhror ea bufgcs bciarcs, oif`uyaiel, plr amabp`l, ea - ecól bafãiofl plr obpcftls eurcita a` trcisplrta y `c oistc`cfoöi l bciaml oiceafucel
-
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 1
huarzcs ea rastroffoöi parmueofoc`as eurcita `ls blvoboaitls ea `c astrufturc a strufturc hc`tc ea fcpcfoece pcrc hcfo`otcr tlels `ls blvoboaitls ea `c astrufturc y rltcfolias flitcboicfoöi ea oitarhcfas eas`ozcitas y ltrcs suparhofoas fcrdc axfasovc l eosboiufoöi ea `c fcpcfoece pcrc slplrtcr fcrdcs astãtofcs y eoiãbofcs
[lr `l tcitl, sa eana prastcr ctaifoöi ceafucec pcrc dcrcitozcr qua `ls cplyls astãi oistc`cels flrraftcbaita.
5 [rlpösotl ea asta bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi oistc`cfoöi Asta bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi prlplrfolic lroaitcfoöi slnra föbl `ls cplyls astrufturc`as bcdanc eanai sar oistc`cels ncml forfuistcifocs tâpofcs y ilrbc`as, plr parslic` eanoecbaita fcpcfotcel y flbpataita, pcrc cyuecr c csadurcr a` flrraftl huifolicboaitl y uic `crdc voec. Voi abncrdl, `c oistc`cfoöi il eana eapaiear tltc`baita ea `c lroaitcfoöi prlplrfolicec ai asta elfubaitl - a` frotarol ea oidaioarâc ea` suparvoslr ea `c oistc`cfoöi y a` aquopl raspliscn`a ra spliscn`a tcbnoïi sli obplrtcitas. Asta bciuc` il prataiea cnlrecr p`aicbaita `ls cspaftls il tïfiofls ea `c oistc`cfoöi ea slplrta, tc`as flbl a` cffasl sadurl, dastoöi da stoöi ea` trãhofl y `cs flisoearcfolias ea sc`ue, saduroece y baeol cbnoaita (GVA). Boaitrcs qua c`duils flisamls ra`cfolicels fli `ls cspaftls ea sc`ue y saduroece sa prlplrfolici ai `c Vaffoöi?, Vaffoöi ?, tlecs tlecs astcs fuastolias astãi huarc ea` c`fcifa ea asta elfubaitl.
1 Oitrleuffoöi c `ls cplyls astrufturc`as astrufturc`as Cplyls astrufturc`as sa uto`ozci pcrc hlrbcr `cs fliaxolias aitra `c suparastrufturc ea uic astrufturc y ea sus sunastrufturcs (ai a` fcsl ea ui puaita, aitra su funoartc f unoartc y astronls l po`cras. [lr `l daiarc` trcisbotai `c fcrdc vartofc` (oif`uyaiel a` pasl ea `c suparastrufturc y `c fcrdc vovc ea trãhofl, atf., y, plson`abaita huarzcs ea `avcitcboaitl), y parbotor qua `c suparastrufturc sa buavc flbl as raquaroel plr a` eosaól ea `c astrufturc. @ls blvoboaitls ea `c suparastrufturc puaeai surdor sur dor eanoel c `c axpcisoöi y flitrcffoöi ea `c suparastrufturc eanoel c fcbnols ea tabparcturc, `c flitrcffoöi / h`uaifoc ea` glrbodöi, a` voaitl, `cs huarzcs ea trãhofl, sl`ufoöi ea sunastrufturcs, ahaftls sâsbofls y / l ltrcs huaitas. Astls blvoboaitls puaeai tlbcr `c hlrbc ea trcs`cfolias ai fuc`quoar eoraffoöi (ai `c baeoec ai qua a` eosaól ea `c astrufturc `l parbotc) y rltcfolias r ltcfolias slnra fuc`quoar ama. [lr a` flitrcrol, `ls cplyls sa puaeai eosaócr, sadýi sac iafascrol, pcrc rasostor `cs huarzcs glrozlitc`as (trcisvarsc`as l `lidotueoic`as). Gcy vcrols topls ea cplyls, tc`as flbl a` cplyl topl plt, cplyl ashïrofl, cplyl topl rlfjar, cplyl ea rleo``l, cplyls ea eosfl y a`cstlbïrofls, fcec uil ea `ls fuc`as lhrafa sus prlpocs vaitcmcs ai foartcs sotucfolias. Fcec topl ea cplyl toaia tâpofcbaita tras suntopls proifopc`as, qua eohoarai eapaieoaiel ea `c `onartce pcrc a` blvoboaitl glrozlitc` qua parbotai `c funoartc ea` puaita fliaftcel, flbl sodua= •
@onra eas`ozcboaitl / eahlrbcfoöi eahlrbcfoöi - puaea cflblecr blvoboaitls glrozlitc`as ai fuc`quoar eoraffoöi.
•
Duocel eas`ozcboaitl / eahlrbcfoöi eahlrbcfoöi - puaea cflblecr blvoboaitls glrozlitc`as, yc sac ai `c eoraffoöi `lidotueoic` l trcisvarsc`, boaitrcs qua rasosta a` blvoboaitl (y huarzc) ai `c ltrc eoraffoöi.
•
Homl - Il puaeai cflblecr ioidýi topl ea blvoboaitls glrozlitc`as - soil qua rasosta `cs huarzcs qua Homl toaieci c fcuscr fuc`quoar topl ea astls blvoboaitls.
Qic oitrleuffoöi c `ls vcrols topls ea cplyls y suntopls astã flitaioec ai `ls cpïieofas ea` Bciuc` ea Oispaffoöi y Bcitaioboaitl ea bcdanc pcrc cplyls ea puaitas y cos`celras sâsbofls (CT 777;).
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 8
8 [`ciohofcfoöi y prapcrcfoöi ea `ls trcncmls ea oistc`cfoöi oistc`cfoöi 8.3 Eospliono`oece y usl ea oihlrbcfoöi ra`avcita A` oidaioarl suparvoslr raspliscn`a raspliscn`aceana pliar ca`su eosplsofoöi tlec `c oihlrbcfoöi qua puaecqua cyuecr parslic` ea oistc`cfoöi flbpraiear eosaól, a` huifolicboaitl, atf. ea `ls cplyls astãic`c puitl ea oistc`cr, y eana ravoscr`c ceafucecbaita. Ai cusaifoc ea oihlrbcfoöi ra`avcita ceafucec slnra a` topl t opl ea cplyl l su eosaól aspafâhofl ea `c astrufturc, sa eana flisu`tcr c bcdanc pcrc lntaiar cyuec. @c oihlrbcfoöi ra`avcita eana oif`uor varsolias cftuc`ozcecs ea `l soduoaita, fuciel f uciel flrraspliec y astï eosplion`a. 8.3.3
Eonumls aspafohofls ea astrufturc, atf.
Va eana gcfar raharaifoc c tlels `ls eonumls y elfubaitls ra`avcitas ea `c astrufturc. @l bãs obplrtcita, astls eanai oif`uor `ls eonumls ea eosaól ea cplyls ea bcdanc. @ls p`cils bãs cftuc`ozcels ea `ls cplyls y `cs astrufturcs ea fliaxoöi eanai astcr c bcil y raharaifocels pcrc qua a` aquopl ea oistc`cfoöi puaec flbpraiear flbp`atcbaita `cs fcrcftarâstofcs aspafoc`as y a` huifolicboaitl ea `ls cplyls. @ls radostrls rad ostrls ea `c oistc`cfoöi sa ducrecrãi flbl sa eatc``c c flitoiucfoöi, pcrc usl ea `ls oispaftlras qua ``avcrãi c fcnl oispaffolias plstarolras. 8.3.>
Ltrls elfubaitls ea oistruffolias ra`ctovcs c `c oistc`cfoöi
Eanai sar prlplrfolicels l raharaifocels fuc`quoar f uc`quoar ltrl elfubaitl ea oistruffolias plr bcdanc, ïstls eanai sar flisu`tcels y raspatcels. 8.3.6
Oihlrbcfoöi daiarc` ea` prleuftl
Fuciel sac iafascrol pcrc prlplrfolicr uic flbpraisoöi ceafucec ea` eosaól y huifolicboaitl ea ui topl t opl ea cplyl aspafâhofc, sa eana gcfar raharaifoc c `c oihlrbcfoöi ea prleuftl ea raharaifoc (plr amabp`l, hl``atls).
8.> Bctaroc`as, garrcboaitcs y aquopls C bails qua sa oieoqua axprascbaita `l flitrcrol, tlels `ls bctaroc`as, garrcboaitcs y aquopls eanai sar prlplrfolicels plr a` flitrctostc. Flisu`ta a` Cpïieofa 3 pcrc lntaiar uic `ostc ea garrcboaitcs y aquopls iafascrols ilrbc`baita. Ai fcsl ea euec slnra `ls bctaroc`as, garrcboaitcs l aquopls iafascrols, sa eana flitcftcr c bcdanc pcrc lntaiar lroaitcfoöi. lr oaitcfoöi.
4 Flbpataifoc ea` parslic` ea oistc`cfoöi oistc`cfoöi @c oistc`cfoöi ea `ls cplyls eana sar p`ciohofcec y ``avcec c fcnl plr parslic` flbpataita y eanoecbaita oihlrbcel. Astls eanai taiar ui nuai flilfoboaitl daiarc` ea `cs astrufturcs bafãiofcs ai daiarc`, y ea` topl flrrasplieoaita ea cplyl, ai pcrtofu`cr, y eanarâc gcnar soel ceafucecbaita aitraicel y fartohofcel ai a` cplyl ea oistc`cfoöi plr ui lrdciosbl flbpataita. A` parslic` ea oistc`cfoöi eana rafonor `c oihlrbcfoöi y `ls p`cils cprlpocels pcrc plear ``avcr c fcnl a` trcncml flrraftcbaita. Ai fcsl ea qua surmci flbp`ofcfolias obpravostcs, l sa raquoarc ui trcncml sodiohofctovl qua il astï a stï funoartl plr asta elfubaitl (ai pcrtofu`cr, fuc`quoar flsc qua puaec chaftcr a` flrraftl huifolicboaitl c `crdl p`czl ea `ls cplyls), sa eana flisu`tcr pravocbaita c bcdanc.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 4
Ulel a` trcncml eana p`ciohofcrsa y ``avcrsa c fcnl ncml `c suparvosoöi ea ui oidaioarl ea puaita prlhasolic` flbpataita y eanoecbaita fc`ohofcel, qua eana dcrcitozcr `c flbpataifoc ea` parslic` oivl`ufrcel y `c hoic`ozcfoöi y a` radostrl flrraftls ea` trcncml. tr cncml.
7 @c suparvosoöi ea `ls trcncmls ea oistc`cfoöi oistc`cfoöi Eurcita `c oistc`cfoöi ea `ls cplyls, eana gcnar ui suparvoslr ea oistc`cfoöi ea bcdanc qua csadura `c oistc`cfoöi ceafucec ea astcs flistruffolias flbp`amcs, c bails qua a` flitrctostc taidc a` flilfoboaitl, `c fcpcfoece y `c axparoaifoc iafascrols. Qi oidaioarl ea puaita prlhasolic` eanoecbaita fc`ohofcel eana suparvoscr y sar raspliscn`a ea tlels `ls trcncmls pcrc `ls fuc`as ui suparvoslr ea oistc`cfoöi ea bcdanc il sac axprascbaita raspliscn`a. Vo `ls cplyls sa oistc`ci soi `c suparvosoöi ea `c oistc`cfoöi ea bcdanc, bcdanc il sarã raspliscn`a ea `ls plson`as ecóls l flisafuaifocs ea uic oistc`cfoöi eahaftulsc.
? Uabcs ea sc`ue y saduroece eurcita `c oistc`cfoöi oistc`cfoöi @ls soduoaitas roasdls puaeai surdor eurcita `c oistc`cfoöi ea `ls cplyls. Astc `ostc il as axgcustovc, y tlels `ls trcncmcelras y suparvoslras eanai flisoearcr fuoecelscbaita `cs flieofolias y forfuistcifocs oi sotu y tlecs `cs `ayas, ilrbcs y eoraftrofas `lfc`as / icfolic`as citas ea flbaizcr a` trcncml, y csadurcrsa ea qua sa oeaitohoquai tlels `ls roasdls y sa tlbai baeoecs ba eoecs cprlpocecs pcrc dcrcitozcr `c saduroece ea tlel.
?.3 ^oasdl ea fcâec ea c`turc Eana dcrcitozcrsa qua `cs baeoecs celptcecs pcrc avotcr fcâecs easea uic c`turc (oif`uoec `c fcâec easea a` puaita) saci ceafucecs pcrc dcrcitozcr `c saduroece ea tlels. Vo as iafascrol, sa eanai arodor vc``cs ea saduroece ceofolic`as, atf., y / u ltrcs baeoecs b aeoecs ea saduroece ceafucecs (plr amabp`l, a` usl ea ui criïs ea saduroece).
?.> ^oasdl ea sar dl`pacel plr ui lnmatl drciea y pascel flbl ai a` crrciqua Ulecs `cs parslics eanai pcrcrsa noai ctrãs eurcita a` `avcitcboaitl y a` blvoboaitl ea fuc`quoar lnmatl drciea, ai pcrtofu`cr eurcita `c a`avcfoöi ea `ls cplyls ai su plsofoöi. Vo sa flitrl`c `c lparcfoöi ea a`avcfoöi, a` trcncmcelr eana csadurcrsa ea qua tlels `ls eabãs ai a` sotol tcbnoïi astïi suhofoaitabaita ctrãs pcrc dcrcitozcr qua il saci dl`pacels plr a` lnmatl.
?.6 ^oasdl ea ecóls c `c sc`ue plr a` flitcftl fli a` glrbodöi hrasfl / blrtarl /drlut, atf. @c sc`ue ea tlels `ls trcncmcelras il eana pliarsa ai pa`odrl plr a` flitcftl fli a` glrbodöi hrasfl / blrtarl / `afgcec ea fabaitl u ltrls bctaroc`as ea flistruffoöi, a` usl ea rlpc ceafucec y ducitas ea prltaffoöi y dchcs ea saduroece sadýi sac cprlpocel pcrc prltadar `c poa` y `ls lmls ea `cs sc`pofceurcs.
?.5 ^oasdl eurcita `c sl`eceurc (so as cp`ofcn`a) A` aquopl ceafucel eana sar uto`ozcel eurcita fuc`quoar sl`eceurc ``avcec c fcnl ai a` sotol, oif`uyaiel prltaffoöi ea saduroece y ducitas.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 7
?.1 ^oasdl ea suhror ecóls daiarc`as ea flistruffoöi - usl ea A[[ cprlpocel [[A (Aquopl ea [rltaffoöi [arslic`) sa eana uscr sadýi sac cprlpocel eapaieoaiel ea `cs forfuistcifocs ai a` `udcr. Astl eana oif`uor= nltcs ea saduroece fuciel axostc ui roasdl ea `asolias ai `ls poas: ui fcsfl ea saduroece, eliea a` roasdl ea sar dl`pacel ai `c fcnazc plr blvoboaitls ea nc`cifal l fcâec ea lnmatls axosta: dchcs ea saduroece, eliea axosta ui roasdl ea `asoöi ai `ls lmls: y ui fgc`afl ea c`tc vosono`oece l uic fgcquatc eliea `c c`tc vosono`oece ea` trcncmcelr as cprlpocec.
3; Fuoecel ea `ls cplyls eurcita y easpuïs ea `c oistc`cfoöi oistc`cfoöi Va eana taiar fuoecel ai tlel blbaitl pcrc prltadar `ls cplyls ea` ecól. @ls ecóls puaeai sar a` rasu`tcel, plr amabp`l, ea cftovoeceas ea flistruffoöi flbl a` fglrracel fli craic ea cfarl ea suparastrufturc l `c cp`ofcfoöi ea prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi. @ls cplyls eanai bcitaiarsa `obpols y `onras ea pl`vl l flitcboicfoöi, aspafoc`baita ai suparhofoas eas`ozcitas. A` pl`vl, `c sufoaece, `c craic, a` blrtarl y tlec bctaroc axtrcóc il eanai aitrcr c `cs pcrtas bövo`as ea `ls cplyls. [lr astc rczöi, `ls cplyls il sa eanai easblitcr easpuïs ea sc`or ea `c hãnrofc. Vo as iafascrol, astl sl`l sa puaea gcfar ncml `c suparvosoöi ea bcdanc. Eanai avotcrsa `cs sc`pofceurcs ea flifratl / blrtarl hrasfl, atf., y fuc`quoar sc`pofceurc eana `obpocrsa oibaeoctcbaita. @c poiturc il eana cp`ofcrsa c suparhofoas eas`ozcitas (oif`uoel a` cfarl oilxoecn`a). @ls cplyls il sa eanai uscr pcrc ioidýi prlpösotl obpravostl, y il eanai axpliarsa c fcrdcs l flieofolias eostoitcs c cqua``cs pcrc `cs qua gci soel eosaócels. Va eanai avotcr tlels `ls obpcftls y sa eana avotcr a` ecól c `c prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi, rapcrãiel`l oibaeoctcbaita. Fuc`quoar ecól c` cplyl eana sar raplrtcel oibaeoctcbaita c bcdanc. @c raspliscno`oece ea avotcr ecóls ai a` cplyl as ea` flitrctostc, parl bcdanc astcrã aifcitcel ea lhrafar csaslrcboaitl pcrc fuc`quoar forfuistcifoc pcrtofu`cr.
33 ^adostr ^adostrl l ea `ls trcncmls rac`ozcels rac`ozcels A` trcncml ea oistc`cfoöi eana radostrcrsa flrraftcbaita, flbl bâiobl, uto`ozciel a` Oihlrba ea oistc`cfoöi oif`uoel ai a` Cpïieofa >. Foartls topls ea cplyls (plt, ashïrofl y eosfl) raquoarai a` radostrl rad ostrl ea `cs eobaisolias f`cva (aspcfols eas`ozcitas a oif`oicn`as) oibaeoctcbaita easpuïs ea `c oistc`cfoöi, pcrc raharaifoc ai a` huturl oispaffolias Astl sa lnsarvc a o`ustrc fli nlfatls ai a` bosbl cpïieofa. [ãdoics ai n`cifl ceofolic`as sa eanai uscr, so as iafascrol, y a` usl y a` iýbarl ea tc`as pãdoics lnsarvcrli ai `c glmc ea oihlrba proifopc`. Qi radostrl hltldrãhofl eana sar fracel. Easpuïs ea gcnar soel tlbcec y flihorbcec `c hoic`ozcfoöi ea tlecs `cs lnrcs y tlecs `cs baeoecs iafascrocs, tlels `ls oihlrbas y radostrls eanai sar crfgovcels fuoecelscbaita pcrc huturcs raharaifocs - ai pcrtofu`cr, eurcita `c oispaffoöi y a` bcitaioboaitl.
3> @cs fcrcftarâstofcs f`cva ea cplyls cplyls @cs soduoaitas fcrcftarâstofcs y cspaftls sa cp`ofci c bufgls topls ea cplyls, y su prlpösotl y a` huifolicboaitl eanai sar aitaieoels flbl cprlpocel.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= ?
3>.3 [`cfc ea oeaitohofcfoöi @c p`cfc ea oeaitohofcfoöi, so sa prlplrfolic, flitoaia ectls f`cva ra`cfolicels fli a` cplyl y su eosaól.
[-Il.
2
Iýbarl ea prlyaftl bcdanc
Qnofcfoöi
2
Qnofcfoöi ai `c astrufturc
XW / vy
2
^cidl ea blvoboaitl ai eoraffolias W y _
AW / ay
2
@ls vc`lras praeatarboicelras
IAe, bãx / XAe, bãx
2
Bcx. Eosaól ea` iova` ilrbc` y trcisvarsc` huarzcs (Q@V), raspaftovcbaita
3>.> Asfc`c ea blvoboaitl @cs asfc`cs ea blvoboaitl sa sua`ai prlplrfolicr pcrc cplyls eas`ozcitas fli ui rcidl ea blvoboaitl ea bãs ea 3;; bb. Astls parbotai qua `ls vc`lras cftuc`as ea `ls easp`czcboaitls ea cplyls sa puaeci `aar hãfo`baita ai fuc`quoar blbaitl
3>.6 [ra-cmusta A` pracmusta ea `ls cplyls, so as iafascrol, sa rac`ozc ai `c hãnrofc citas ea `c aitradc. [uaea raquarorsa ui pracmusta, plr amabp`l, so `ls blvoboaitls ea `c suparastrufturc easpuïs ea `c oistc`cfoöi ea` cplyl sarãi bãs ai uic eoraffoöi qua ai `c eoraffoöi lpuastc (plr amabp`l, eanoel c `c h`uaifoc y flitrcffoöi ea uic astrufturc ea flifratl, l plrqua `ls cplyls astãi oistc`cels ai uic pcrtofu`crbaita hrâc l pcrtofu`crbaita fã`oec ïplfc ea` cól). As iafascrol taiar astl ai fuaitc praastcn`afoaiel `ls cplyls ai flisafuaifoc, pcrc csadurcr qua `c fcpcfoece ea eas`ozcboaitl rastcita ea` cplyl ai fcec eoraffoöi sac ceafucec pcrc cflblecr fuc`quoar blvoboaitl huturl qua puaec surdor. Ai a` amabp`l qua sa buastrc crronc, a` cplyl sa eana oistc`cr fli ui vc`lr ea pracmusta ea cprlxobcecbaita 7 fb c ui `cel. Cuiqua a` cplyl toaia uic fcpcfoece ea blvoboaitl tltc` ea 6; fb (+/- 31 fb so a` cplyl sa oistc`ö ai su plsofoöi faitrc`, fli a` puitarl qua oieofc ";" ai `c asfc`c ea blvoboaitl), a` eosaócelr ea `c astrufturc gc eatarboicel qua asc suparastrufturc `ls blvoboaitls plstarolras c `c oistc`cfoöi sarãi praelboicitabaita gcfoc `c ozquoarec sadýi sa va, ai ra`cfoöi fli `c ncsa ea` cplyl. Vo a` cplyl sa oistc`ö soi ioidýi pracmusta, `ls blvoboaitls ea eosaól bãs drcieas gcfoc `c ozquoarec (ea cprlxobcecbaita >> fb) il pueoarli sar cflblecels plr a` cplyl. @c flihodurcfoöi pravoc ea `ls cplyls sa rac`ozc ra c`ozc ai a` tc``ar ea bcdanc ea cfuarel fli `ls vc`lras raflbaiecels plr a` eosaócelr ea `c astrufturc (qua toaia a` flilfoboaitl raquaroel ea` eosaól y a` flbplrtcboaitl ea `c
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 3;
astrufturc). Vo a` pracmusta iafasotc cmustcrsa easpuïs ea `c aitradc, sa eana flisu`tcr c bcdanc, yc qua asta as ui trcncml aspafoc`ozcel qua daiarc`baita eana sar rac`ozcel plr axpartls cprlncels. Voi abncrdl, tc` iafasoece rcrcbaita surda plrqua daiarc`baita sa parbota uic tl`arcifoc sodiohofctovc ai a` eosaól ea` cplyl (flisu`ta fli a` eosaócelr ea` puaita y / l bcdanc ai fcsl ea fuc`quoar euec).
3>.5 Cffaslrols ea trcisplrta @ls cplyls (axfaptl `ls cplyls a`cstlbïrofls sobp`as) daiarc`baita astãi aquopcels fli cffaslrols ea trcisplrta tabplrc` (flbl vcro``cs rlsfcecs ea batc` l p`ãstofl) qua bcitoaiai a` cplyl uioel gcstc qua sa gcyc oistc`cel y puaeai fl`lfcr a` cplyl (so as ea topl eas`ozcita) ai ui homciel a` vc`lr.
Astls cffaslrols tabplrc`as il eanai flrtcrsa fl rtcrsa l quotcrsa gcstc qua sa gcyc oistc`cel a` cplyl, yc qua c` gcfar`l, parbotorâc qua a` cplyl dora l sa eascflblea, sa ecóa y sa flitcboia oitaricbaita. @cs vcro``cs ea p`ãstofl daiarc`baita sa cutl-flrtcrci fuciel a` cplyl astï ai sarvofol y `c suparastrufturc flboaifa c blvarsa. [lr `l daiarc`, `cs ncrrcs ea batc` eanai flrtcrsa oibaeoctcbaita easpuïs ea `c homcfoöi ea` cplyl tcitl c `c sunastrufturc flbl c `c suparastrufturc, fuciel yc il sa raquoarai pcrc fubp`or su prlpösotl y citas ea qua `ls cflp`as rasostoarci `ls blvoboaitls ea `c suparastrufturc (`l qua plerâc ecócr a` cplyl) . Vo as iafascrol cmustcr a` vc`lr ea pracmusta pracm usta ea` cplyl citas ea qua sa gcyc fliaftcel hoic`baita c `cs astrufturcs suparolras a oiharolras, astl raquoara suparvosoöi y lroaitcfoöi plr pcrta ea` hcnrofcita.
3>.1 @cs bcrfcs ai `c pcrta suparolr ea e a cplyl @cs bcrfcs ai `c p`cfc suparolr ea ui cplyl puaeai prlplrfolicr oihlrbcfoöi tc` flbl a` topl ea cplyl, iýbarl ea cplyl (flbl sa lnsarvc ai `ls eonumls), amas W a _ (a` ama x oieofc a` ama `lidotueoic` ea `c astrufturc ai a` fcsl ea ui puaita) , taioaiel pasl y iýbarl ea prlyaftl. @cs bcrfcs eanai `aarsa ai `c eoraffoöi ea pracmusta. @cs h`afgcs ai `ls cplyls eas`ozcitas oieofci `cs eoraffolias ea` blvoboaitl glrozlitc`, fli eln`a h`afgcs qua oieofci `c eoraffoöi ea pracmusta (var amabp`l c `c earafgc). Ulecs `cs bcrfcs eanai varohofcrsa fli `ls eonumls ra`avcitas citas ea `c oistc`cfoöi.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 33
3>.8 suparhofoas ea iova`cfoöi [crc cyuecr fli `c iova`cfoöi flrraftc ea `ls cplyls eurcita `c oistc`cfoöi (pcrc csadurcr `c plsofoöi glrozlitc`), c baiuel sa usc ui eosplsotovl qua flitoaia els iova`as ea nurnumc (ai ãidu`l raftl aitra sâ), flbl sa buastrc c flitoiucfoöi. C`duils cplyls toaiai suparhofoas aspafoc`baita prapcrcecs (bafciozcecs pcrc sar parhaftcbaita pcrc`a`cs c `c oitarhcz eas`ozcita ea` cplyl, so flrraspliea, l ea ltrc bciarc c `c suparhofoa oiharolr ea` cplyl) eliea eana uscrsa asta eosplsotovl, yc sac ai `c pcrta suparolr ea` cplyl l ai uic p`cfc ea cfarl sl`ecec c su `cel. Vo astc suparhofoa astã ai `c pcrta suparolr ea` cplyl, y a` cplyl sa suboiostrc fli uic p`cfc ea cif`cma sapcrcec pcrc `c fliaxoöi suparolr, `c p`cfc ea cif`cma puaea prasaitcr ui flimuitl ea tras lrohofols qua parbota qua `cs pctcs ea` eosplsotovl ea iova`cfoöi ``aduai c `c suparhofoa aspafoc`baita prapcrcec. c trcvïs ea `c p`cfc ea cif`cma. C`tarictovcbaita, fuciel `cs forfuistcifocs `l parbotci, sa puaeai uscr iova`as flbuias fli suhofoaita prafosoöi.
3>.4 prltaffoöi flitrc a` pl`vl Cplyls quaflitrc sa cecptci c `ls blvoboaitls ea eas`ozcboaitl astãi prlvostls tâpofcbaita fli c`duic hlrbc ea prltaffoöi a` pl`vl pcrc avotcr `c flitcboicfoöi ea `c suparhofoa ea eas`ozcboaitl. Uc` flitcboicfoöi
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 3>
puaea ecr `udcr c rcyceurcs u ltrls ecóls c suparhofoas flbl a` cfarl oilxoecn`a y [UHA / ^LNL®V@OEA, y `c pïreoec ea raieoboaitl ea drcsc `unrofcita qua sa puaea cp`ofcr c `cs suparhofoas ea eas`ozcboaitl. Astc prltaffoöi flitrc a` pl`vl astã tâpofcbaita ai `c hlrbc ea uic hc`ec ea dlbc qua fua`dc c`raeaelr ea` cplyl, l uic hc`ec ea glmc bý`top`a (uic glmc p`adcn`a sobo`cr c `c uto`ozcec ai ui hua``a l ui cflreaöi) qua sa fl`lfc glrozlitc`baita c trcvïs ea `c suparhofoa ea eas`ozcboaitl ai fcec axtrabl ea a` cplyl. • prltaffoöi ea `c hc`ec ea dlbc= Asta topl ea prltaffoöi prltaff oöi astã uioel c` cplyl plr `c foitc ea va`frl y as plr `l tcitl hãfo` ea quotcr y vl`var c fliaftcr, pcrc parbotor qua a` cplyl c sac `obpocel a oispaffolicel.
•
hc`ec glmc bý`top`a ea prltaffoöi (hua``a) = A` blitcma ea asta topl ea prltaffoöi raquoara ui bcylr ashuarzl plr `l qua a` drcel ai qua eana ratorcrsa tabplrc`baita pcrc fuc`quoar oispaffoöi eana flisoearcrsa ai huifoöi ea `cs forfuistcifocs. Voi abncrdl, vcrocs hc`ecs ea glmcs prltadai `c suparhofoa ea eas`ozcboaitl ea hlrbc bãs flbp`atc. Ai a` fcsl ea cplyls qua astãi eosaócels pcrc sar oistc`cel ‐c` ravïs‒, fli `c p`cfc eas`ozcita ai `c pcrta oiharolr, daiarc`baita sa prahoara asta topl ea prltaffoöi.
@c prltaffoöi flitrc a` pl`vl sö`l eana sar a`oboicel so as iafascrol (plr amabp`l, so sa raquoara eurcita `cs oispaffolias), y `uadl eana sar raabp`czcel rãpoecbaita easpuïs ea csadurcrsa ea qua il gc lfurroel flitcboicfoöi ea `cs suparhofoas ea eas`ozcboaitl atf.. Fuc`quoar flitcboicfoöi eana sar `obpocel flrraftcbaita, soi ecócr `cs suparhofoas. @c flieofoöi y a` huifolicboaitl ceafucel ea `c prltaffoöi flitrc a` pl`vl sa eana dcrcitozcr ai tlel blbaitl.
3>.7 [`cfcs ea Cif`cma
@ls cplyls astãi c baiuel prlvostcs fli p`cfcs ea cif`cma, fuciel sa aspafohoqua, pcrc hcfo`otcr `c fliaxoöi c uic astrufturc ea glrbodöi - y ai pcrtofu`cr pcrc a` raabp`czl hãfo` ea ui cplyl axostaita soi `c iafasoece ea
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 36
trcncmls ea glrbodlicel. Ai a` fcsl ea uic suparastrufturc prahcnrofcel, `c p`cfc ea cif`cma cprlpocel puaea sar flifratcec ai `c suparastrufturc eurcita su flistruffoöi.
36 Urcisplrta, ravosoöi y c`bcfaicboaitl ea `ls cplyls cplyls @c flieofoöi ceafucec ea `ls cplyls eana bcitaiarsa y dcrcitozcrsa ai tlecs `cs atcpcs at cpcs citas ea `c oistc`cfoöi.
36.3 Urcisplrta y bciopu`cfoöi @ls cplyls sli flbpliaitas ea prafosoöi qua eanai bciamcrsa fli fuoecel pcrc dcrcitozcr su flrraftl huifolicboaitl. @cs homcfolias tabplrc`as ea trcisplrta (flbl vcro``cs batã`ofcs l p`ãstofcs, flisu`ta `c Vaffoöi 3>.5 citarolr) il eanai flrtcrsa io quotcrsa gcstc qua a` cplyl sa gcyc homcel tcitl c `c sunastrufturc flbl c `c suparastrufturc, yc qua astl plerâc parbotor qua a` cplyl dora l sa easgcdc y sa ecóc y sa flitcboic oitaricbaita @ls cplyls eanai `avcitcrsa fli fuoecel pcrc dcrcitozcr qua il puaeci fcarsa l suhror obpcftls l ecóls. @c prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi puaea ecócrsa hãfo`baita oif`usl fli obpcftls `odarls. @cs tuarfcs ea cio``l, qua sa puaeai ctlrio``cr ai `c suparhofoa suparolr ea` cplyl, sa suboiostrci daiarc`baita fli a` probar `lta ea cplyls ea fcec topl. Astcs tuarfcs sa eanai uscr pcrc `avcitcr tlels `ls cplyls (ea `c paiý`tobc aitradc). @ls cplyls il eanai `avcitcrsa fli sus cffaslrols ea cif`cma (parils ea fcnazc, tcfls, atf.) l fuc`quoar ltrl a`abaitl qua il astï eosaócel pcrc uscrsa ai a` `avcitcboaitl a oieofcel flbl tc`. Ai fcsl ea fuc`quoar euec, bcdanc eana sar flitcftcel pcrc csadurcr a`avcfoöi y bciopu`cfoöi ea `ls cplyls ea bciarc flrraftlcy sadurc.
36.> ^avosoöi ea `ls cplyls @ls cplyls sa eanai varohofcr ea `c soduoaita bciarc oibaeoctcbaita easpuïs ea `c aitradc= • • • •
Flbpruana qua `ls cplyls astãi `onras ea ecóls voson`as axtaric Flbpruana qua `ls cplyls astãi `obpols Flbpruana qua `c prltaffoöi c `c flrrlsoöi il gc soel ecócec Flbpruana qua `cs homcfolias tabplrc`as ea trcisplrta astai a stai cmustcels y ai lreai
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 35
Flbpruana qua `c p`cfc ea fcrcftarâstofcs y `cs bcrfcs sli flbl sa asparcnc (var Vaffoöi 3>) eoraff oöi ea pra-cmusta ai flitrc ea eonumls ea astrufturc • Flbpruana asfc`c blvoboaitl, y a` vc`lr y `c eoraffoöi •
Vo sa eataftc c`dýi ecól, l so sa aifuaitrc ui cplyl ea il fubp`or fli `cs aspafohofcfolias l fubp`or fli `ls raquosotls ea fuc`quoar bciarc, astl eana sar bcrfcel ai a` c`ncrãi ea aitradc y bcdanc eana sar iltohofcel plr asfrotl eaitrl ea `ls 6 eâcs ea aitradc. Ai `c cusaifoc ea tc` iltohofcfoöi, `ls cplyls sa flisoearc qua sa cfaptcel.
36.6 C`bcfaicboaitl Vo `ls cplyls il sa oistc`ci oibaeoctcbaita easpuïs ea `c aitradc, sa eanai c`bcfaicr ai pc`ïs ea bcearc (p`cils, iova`cels) ai ui `udcr cprlpocel y sadurl. Eurcita a` c`bcfaicboaitl, `ls cplyls eanai bcitaiarsa `obpols y prltadoels ea ecóls bafãiofls, gubaece, fc`lr axfasovl, `uz sl`cr, cfaotas, flbnuston`as y ltrls ahaftls ilfovls. [crc avotcr `c flieaiscfoöi ea cduc, sa eana dcrcitozcr `c forfu`cfoöi ea` cora. Eana taiarsa ai fuaitc qua `cs poazcs ea cfarl qua sa glrbodlicrãi daiarc`baita il astãi prlvostcs ea prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi, axfaptl ai `ls nlreas, plrqua a` flifratl ceafucel prlplrfolicrã `c prltaffoöi raquaroec. Fuc`quoar flrrlsoöi axfasovc ea astcs suparhofoas easprltadoecs qua puaec eascrrl``crsa eurcita a` c`bcfaicboaitl eana `obpocrsa citas ea `c oistc`cfoöi.
35 Eosaól ea astrufturcs ea fliaxoöi fliaxoöi A` eosaól ea `cs astrufturcs ea fliaxoöi (sunastrufturc eancml ea` cplyl y `c suparastrufturc citarolr) il as raspliscno`oece ea` prlvaaelr ea` cplyl (daiarc`baita, as raspliscno`oece ea` eosaócelr ea `c astrufturc proifopc`). Ai daiarc`, a` eosaól y `c flistruffoöi ea `cs astrufturcs ea fliaxoöi eanai dcrcitozcr `ls soduoaitas puitls, aitra ltrls.
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Ulecs `cs fcrdcs qua puaeci surdor ai fuc`quoar fcmc ea eosaól (oif`uoels V@V y Q@V) eanai eana i trcisplrtcrsa y trcisharorsa ea hlrbc sadurc y soi ecóls c `ls cplyls l `cs astrufturcs ea fliaxoöi. Ai a` fcsl ea astrufturcs ea fliaxoöi ea glrbodöi, astl raquoara, ai pcrtofu`cr, ui rahuarzl ceafucecbaita eosaócel y fl`lfcel y ui glrbodöi ceafucecbaita eosaócel, fl`lfcel y flbpcftcel. Ulels `ls blvoboaitls ea cplyl y rltcfolias qua puaeci surdor ai fuc`quoar fcsl ea eosaól (oif`uoels V@V y Q@V) eanai sar cflblecels plr `cs astrufturcs ea fliaxoöi, soi flitcftls l obpcftls il oitaifolic`as
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A` cffasl ceafucel (pcrc `c oispaffoöi l bcitaioboaitl, atf.) eana sar plson`a ai fuc`quoar astcel l flieofoöi.
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^aabp`czl ea` cplyl eana sar plson`a fuciel ``adc a` blbaitl ea raabp`czl. raab p`czl. Vadýi flrraspliec, astl eana oif`uor `c flisoearcfoöi ea tlels `ls cspaftls ea` prlfasl ea raabp`czl ea` cplyl, oif`uoel a` `avcitcboaitl ea `c suparastrufturc (plr amabp`l, a` plsofolicboaitl ea dctls goerãu`ofls) y a` cffasl.
Fuciel `cs huarzcs ea `avcitcboaitl eanai sar rasostoels, l eliea sa raquoarc ea ltrc bciarc pcrc rasostor drcieas huarzcs glrozlitc`as atf., sa raquoarai cif`cmas ea taisoöi eosaócels cprlpocecbaita. A` eosaól y suboiostrl ea tc`as cif`cmas il as raspliscno`oece ea` prlvaaelr ea cplyl.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 31
31 [lsofolicboaitl ea `ls cplyls cplyls 31.3 Qnofcfoöi (qua cplyl vc c eliea) y `c lroaitcfoöi ea `c astrufturc @c unofcfoöi flrraftc ai `c astrufturc astr ufturc ea fcec cplyl, y su lroaitcfoöi, probarl eana astcn`afarsa fli raharaifoc c tlels `ls p`cils ra`avcitas ea `c astrufturc y cplyl, oif`uoels `ls p`cils ea unofcfoöi ea` cplyl qua puaeci axostor. @cs unofcfolias ea `ls cplyls oieovoeuc`as daiarc`baita sa oieofci ai `ls eonumls ea` cplyl ea bcdanc, baeocita ui nlfatl y / l uic tcn`c. Ucbnoïi sa eana gcfar raharaifoc c `c p`cfc ea fcrcftarâstofcs ea` cplyl (so flrraspliea) y c fuc`quoar bcrfc qua sa gcyc rac`ozcel ai `c suparhofoa suparolr ea` cplyl (flisu`ta `c Vaffoöi 3>). Ai fcsl ea eosfrapcifoc l euec, l so `c unofcfoöi y lroaitcfoöi ea fuc`quoar rubnl il as f`crcbaita oeaitohofcn`a, sa eana sl`ofotcr uic cf`crcfoöi c` eosaócelr ea `c astrufturc astr ufturc y / l c` bcdanc, sadýi sa dýi flrraspliec.
31.> A` cmusta ea pracmusta Vo as iafascrol cmustcr a` vc`lr ea pracmusta pra cmusta (flisu`ta `c Vaffoöi 3>.6) ea ui cplyl ea eas`ozcboaitl citas ea qua sa gcyc fliaftcel hoic`baita c `c astrufturc suparolr a oiharolr, pcrc dcrcitozcr qua puaec cflblecr tlels `ls blvoboaitls ea eas`ozcboaitl huturls ai tlecs `cs eoraffolias (flisoearciel `c plsofoöi cftuc` ea `c suparastrufturc), astl raquoara suparvosoöi bcdanc.
31.6 A` plsofolicboaitl prafosl ea `ls cplyls @c unofcfoöi raquaroec (els amas) y `c a`avcfoöi ea` rubnl (fli raharaifoc c` eonuml ea eosaól ea bcdanc) eana sar eahoioec pravocbaita plr a` eosaócelr ea `c astrufturc y bcrfcec ai `c sunastrufturc. Vo a` cplyl eana oistc`crsa fli uic oif`oicfoöi (as eafor, il glrozlitc`), astl tcbnoïi eana oieofcrsa y aitaiearsa. @c unofcfoöi flrraftc, `c a`avcfoöi y `c oif`oicfoöi ea` cplyl sa eanai `ldrcr ea `c soduoaita bciarc= 31.6.3 Qnofcfoöi @ls amas ea cplyl (x a y) sa oieofci daiarc`baita ai a` cplyl fli bcrfcs ea parhlrcfoöi par hlrcfoöi y rasc`tcels fli poiturc ea fl`lr cbcro``l. @ls cplyls eanai sar fuoecelscbaita y prafoscbaita plsofolicels ea tc` bciarc qua `cs bcrfcs ea raharaifoc floifoeai fli `ls amas a mas bcrfcels ai `c sunastrufturc. 31.6.> A`avcfoöi A` puitl ea raharaifoc pcrc `c a`avcfoöi as a` faitrl ea `c p`cfc suparolr l p`cfc eas`ozcita ea` cplyl (soi oif`uor p`cfcs ea cif`cma ceofolic`as, atf.). at f.). A` iova` ea oistc`cfoöi sa puaea cmustcr sadýi sac iafascrol iafa scrol uto`ozciel p`cfcs ea flbpaiscfoöi / tlrio``ls ea cmusta, p. flbl sa easfrona cncml. @ls cplyls `ovocils eanai astcr csadurcels pcrc avotcr a` easp`czcboaitl eurcita a` ramuitcel. 31.6.6 Oif`oicfoöi @c pcrc`a`oece ea `cs pcrtas suparolr a oiharolr ea` cplyl daiarc`baita astã dcrcitozcec plr `ls cffaslrols ea trcisplrta tabplrc`as (tâpofcbaita vcro``cs rlsfcecs) qua bcitoaiai a` cplyl uioel eurcita a` trcisplrta y `c oistc`cfoöi. A` p`cil ea raharaifoc pcrc varohofcr `c glrozlitc`oece (l pcrc astcn`afar `c oif`oicfoöi, eliea sa parbota `c oif`oicfoöi) as a` soduoaita= l Vo a` cplyl flitoaia uic suparhofoa ea iova`cfoöi aspafoc`baita fracel flbl sa easfrona ai `c Vaffoöi ; citarolrbaita, astl eana sar sa r uto`ozcel.
l
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 38
Ai a` fcsl ea cplyls qua il toaiai uic suparhofoa ea iova`cfoöi tc`as aspafoc`baita fracel y eliea a`
cffasl parbota, a` p`cil ea raharaifoc as a` cfarl oilxoecn`a ea suparhofoa ea eas`ozcboaitl ea eas`ozcboaitl. aitra dcel fli cffaslrols ea trcisplrta (plr l Ai tlels `ls eabãs fcsls - suplioaiel qua a` cplyl gc soel aitradcel amabp`l, vcro``cs rlsfcecs) qua csadurci a`ea` pcrc`a`osbl ea `cs pcrtas suparolr a oiharolr ea` cplyl - a` p`cil ea raharaifoc as `c suparhofoa suparolr cplyl (axf`uyaiel fuc`quoar p`cfcs ea cif`cma sapcrcels, atf. ), parl lnsarvciel flbl sodua= - Vo a` cplyl astã fliaftcel (fl`dcel ea) `c suparastrufturc citas ea fliaftcrsa c `c sunastrufturc, `c suparhofoa oiharolr ea` cplyl sa puaea uscr flbl p`cil ea raharaifoc.. - @c suparhofoa axtaric ea fuc`quoar p`cfc föiofc (qua il toaia `cels pcrc`a`ls) il as ceafucec pcrc uscr flbl p`cil ea raharaifoc: ai tc`as t c`as fcsls, sa eana uscr `c suparhofoa oitaric. l Ai fcsl ea fuc`quoar euec, bcdanc eana sar flisu`tcec. Oif`oicfolias daiarc`baita il sli parbotoels pcrc cos`celras sâsbofls c bails qua axp`âfotcbaita eosaócel pcrc astl y flihorbcel plr a` oidaioarl ea eosaól. Ai bufgls fcsls, `c oif`oicfoöi sa puaea cmustcr fli tlrio``ls ea cmusta tc` flbl sa easfrona c flitoiucfoöi. A` arrlr ea oif`oicfoöi (ea oif`oicfoöi glrozlitc` l cprlncel) il eana axfaear ea ;,6% (6 bb / b) c bails flihorbcel cfaptcn`a plr fã`fu`ls - l fuc`quoar vc`lr oiharolr qua puaea sar aspafohofcel plr a` oidaioarl ea eosaól.
31.5 bïtlel plson`a pcrc a` cmusta ea a`avcfoöi l oif`oicfoöi A`avctoli / oif`oicfoöi ea ui cplyl c baiuel sa puaea cmustcr eurcita `c oistc`cfoöi ea `c soduoaita bciarc, pcrc csadurcr `c flrraftc= - Fl`lqua tras tlrio``ls ea cmusta, lroaitcels vartofc`baita, ai `c suparhofoa suparolr ea `c sunastrufturc, pcrc hlrbcr ui troãidu`l ea `cels cprlxobcecbaita oduc`as. - Cmustcr `ls iova`as ea `cs pcrtas suparolras ea `ls tlrio``ls ea bciarc qua a` p`cil qua eahoiai toaia `c a`avcfoöi y `c oif`oicfoöi qua sli cprlpocels pcrc `c pcrta oiharolr ea` cplyl. - Fl`lqua a` cplyl ai `c pcrta suparolr ea `ls tlrio``ls ea cmusta, y easpuïs ea `c a`avcfoöi y `c oif`oicfoöi ea` cplyl sa flihorbö uic vaz bãs, a` aspcfol eancml ea` cplyl puaea sar ra``aicec fli blrtarl soi flitrcffoöi ceafucel, ceafucecbaita fl`lfcel y flbpcftcel (ai su fcsl, sa rahoara c `c Vaffoöi 34 cncml). @c pcrta suparolr ea `c sunastrufturc sunastrufturc
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 34
38 ^aquosotls daiarc`as daiarc`as ea oistc`cfoöi oistc`cfoöi @c flbpcóâc flistruftlrc / flitrctostc eana prlplrfolicr tlecs `cs garrcboaitcs iafascrocs (flisu`ta a` Cpïieofa 3), a` aquopl ea a`avcfoöi y, so as iafascrol, a` ciecbol pcrc `c oistc`cfoöi ea` cplyl. Easpuïs ea` plsofolicboaitl, fuc`quoar cio``l ea a`avcfoöi eana sar ratorcel y raabp`czcel plr tcpcs ea p`ãstofl pcrc pravaior `c aitrcec ea blrtarl, atf. As asaifoc` csadurcr qua `cs fcrdcs ea `ls cplyls sa trcishoarci uiohlrbabaita easea y gcfoc `c sunastrufturc y `c suparastrufturc, ai tlec a` ãrac ea fcec suparhofoa ea fliaxoöi, f liaxoöi, c trcvïs ea suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi fliax oöi p`cics ea rasostaifoc y astcno`oece ceafucecs. @c c`tc prasoöi ai fuc`quoar unofcfoöi eanoel c ui slplrta easoduc` y `c eostronufoöi ea `c fcrdc puaea prlvlfcr `c eahlrbcfoöi y `c hc``c ea` cplyl l ea `c suparhofoa ea slplrta. Va raquoara ui fuoecel pcrtofu`cr ai a` fcsl ea `ls cplyls ea eosfls, qua toaieai c eostronuor `c fcrdc c `cs astrufturcs ea fliaxoöi crronc y cncml ea bciarc bails uiohlrba qua ltrls topls ea cplyls, fli uic prasoöi bãs c`tc ai a` faitrl ea` cplyl. [lr `l tcitl, as pcrtofu`crbaita obplrtcita ai a` fcsl ea `ls cplyls ea eosfl pcrc dcrcitozcr qua a` `afgl ea `afgcec / blrtarl (so `l gcy) sa eosaóa y amafuta flrraftcbaita soi guafls. @cs suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi eanai astcr `obpocs y `onras ea sufoaece y rasoeuls y, ai pcrtofu`cr, ea cfaota ea aiflhrcec, atf., pcrc dcrcitozcr uic uioöi / hroffoöi ceafucec aitra a` cplyl y `c suparhofoa ea fliaxoöi. @c huifolic`oece y a` raieoboaitl ceafucel c `crdl p`czl ea `ls cplyls il eanai varsa chaftcels iadctovcbaita ea ioiduic bciarc. Ai pcrtofu`cr, `c fcpcfoece ea ui cplyl pcrc cflblecr blvoboaitls y rltcfolias il eana oigonorsa, p. plr asflbnrls. Fuc`quoar sc`pofceurc ea` cplyl fli glrbodöi l blrtarl eana `obpocrsa oibaeoctcbaita, y fuc`quoar ecól c `c prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi ea ui cplyl ea cfarl eana rapcrcrsa flbl sa oieofc (flisu`ta `c Oistruffoöi CT 77;3 ea bcdanc). Fuc`quoar ecól qua il puaec rapcrcrsa plr flbp`atl y qua puaec chaftcr `c huifolic`oece ea` cplyl y a` raieoboaitl ceafucel c `crdl p`czl, eana iltohofcrsa oibaeoctcbaita c bcdanc y cnlrecrsa ea cfuarel cfua rel fli fuc`quoar lroaitcfoöi rasu`tcita.
34 A` slplrta ea `ls cplyls y `c fliaxoöi fli `c sunastrufturc sunastrufturc @ls cplyls sli tâpofcbaita (ai a` fcsl ea uic sunastrufturc ea flifratl) slplrtcels ai ui `afgl ea blrtarl / `afgcec pcrc dcrcitozcr `c p`ciotue ea `c suparhofoa y `c eostronufoöi uiohlrba ea `c fcrdc. Voi abncrdl, ai c`duils fcsls, `ls cplyls sa puaeai fl`lfcr eoraftcbaita slnra uic sunastrufturc ea cfarl. cfarl . Fcec uil ea astls topls ea fliaxoöi sa easfrona ai `cs soduoaitas saffolias. saff olias.
34.3 sunastrufturc ea flifratl Ai a` fcsl ea uic sunastrufturc ea flifratl, `ls cplyls eanai cplycrsa slnra ui `afgl ea blrtarl / `afgcec soi flitrcffoöi y soi eahlrbcfoöi pcrc csadurcr `c p`ciotue ea `c suparhofoa y `c eostronufoöi uiohlrba ea `c fcrdc. A` aspaslr ea `c fcbc sa eana eatarboicr fli raharaifoc c `ls p`cils ea flistruffoöi (ilrbc`baita aitra >; bb y 1; bb, c bails qua sa oieoqua `l flitrcrol) y, ai pcrtofu`cr, pcrc dcrcitozcr qua a` iova` ea` cplyl oistc`cel sac a` flrraftl. @c a`affoöi ea` bctaroc` ea `c fcbc ea blrtarl astã oih`uaifocec plr a` tcbcól ea` aspcfol qua sa eana ``aicr y plr eancml l plr aifobc ea` cplyl, a` tcbcól ea` cplyl, `c rasostaifoc raquaroec, a` a ` cffasl c`raeaelr ea` cplyl y a` toabpl ea hrcducel raquaroel. @c fcbc ea blratarl eana dcrcitozcr qua tlecs `cs huarzcs glrozlitc`as y vartofc`as qua puaeci surdor eurcita a` sarvofol (flisu`ta `ls fã`fu`ls ea eosaól cp`ofcn`as) sa trcishoarci ea hlrbc sadurc y soi ecóls eurcita tlec `c voec ýto` ea` `afgl. Ai c`duils fcsls, puaea sar iafascrol ``avcr c fcnl
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 37
aiscyls pcrc eatarboicr a` bctaroc` bãs ceafucel, pcrtofu`crbaita so sa usc blrtarl / `afgcec h`uoec. @c sa`affoöi ea` topl ea fcbc y `c bazf`c, y `c fl`lfcfoöi, sli raspliscno`oece ea` flitrctostc. Fli hrafuaifoc, `c `afgcec ea topl NAUAF 35; ea Drcfa Flistruftoli Bctaroc`s as cprlpocec. Ulecs `cs oistruffolias cp`ofcn`as ea` prlvaaelr ea blrtarl / `afgcec sa eanai fubp`or, c bails qua sa cfuarea `l flitrcrol. Oibaeoctcbaita citas ea `c fl`lfcfoöi ea blrtarl l `afgcec c ncsa ea fabaitl, `c suparhofoa ea glrbodöi ea fliaxoöi eana gcfarsa ai gýbael baeocita `c cp`ofcfoöi ea cduc y sa bcitoaia gýbaec eurcita ui parolel ceafucel, pcrc csadurcr qua a` cduc il sa parearã c `c astrufturc axostaita ea` bctaroc` hrasfl boaitrcs qua furc . Fuc`quoar axfasl ea cduc sa eana quotcr citas ea pliar ea` iuavl bctaroc`. Ai a` fcsl ea ui blrtarl ea rasoic ea racffoöi (glrbodöi ea pl`âbarl), qua il as c ncsa ea fabaitl (y qua il eana sar uscel ai fliaxoöi fli suparhofoas ea cplyl a`cstlbïrofls, pcrc avotcr il oitaifolicel ea eas`ozcboaitl), `c suparhofoa ea fliaxoöi eana daiarc`baita astcr safc citas ea su puastc . [crc cplyls fli aifcmas l fliaftlras ea flrtcita, c baiuel as prãftofl cplycr tabplrc`baita a` cplyl ai su plsofoöi hoic`, y vartar blrtarl / `afgcec h`uoec ai a` aspcfol eancml ea` cplyl, oif`uoels `ls guafls ai `ls qua sa aifuaitrci `cs tlbcs l fliaftlras ea . Vo `l easac, `ls cplyls puaeai cplycrsa slnra `cs cyuecs ea iova`cfoöi boaitrcs sa fl`lfc a` bctaroc`, soabpra qua astcs cyuecs saci ceafucecbaita flbprason`as l puaeci ratorcrsa plstarolrbaita.
•
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 3?
A` bctaroc` h`uoel sa puaea vartar c trcvïs ea uic bciduarc ea p`ãstofl h`axon`a trcispcraita (fli `c cyuec ea ui abnuel), flbl sa o`ustrc c flitoiucfoöi plr XGH@, `c cslfocfoöi ea hcnrofcitas ea muitcs ea axpcisoöi astrufturc` y cplyls fli saea ai C`abcioc. [crc avotcr fuc`quoar vcfâl, `c `afgcec eana vartarsa easea ui sl`l `cel, ratrcyaiel `aitcbaita `c tunarâc c baeoec ba eoec qua `c fcbc sa ``aic. @c fcitoece ai qua `afgl/ ea blrtarl sa ea` axtoaiea easea p`cfc ncsa ea` cplyl daiarc`baita eana fliai`c glmc eaa`ectls oistruffolias bctaroc` ea` `c blrtarl, parl bcdanc astcrã aifcitcel eafubp`or cyuecr`a fcsl ea fuc`quoar euec.
•
C`tarictovcbaita, sa puaea uscr ui baeol tunl, parl astl raquoara bãs fuoecel pcrc csadurcr qua a` aspcfol eancml ea` cplyl astï flbp`atcbaita ``ail y pcrc avotcr earrcbcr `afgcec / blrtarl slnra a` cplyl.
@ls guafls pcrc `ls aifguhas l fliaftlras ea flrta sa eanai ``aicr y eamcr qua sa homai citas ea fl`lfcr `c fcbc proifopc`, pcrc avotcr `c eahlrbcfoöi plr flitrcffoöi `lfc` ai astls `udcras. As asaifoc` eascfaotcr ea hlrbc oibaeoctc y flbp`atc a` bctaroc` rafoïi fl`lfcel, p. usciel fceaics ea batc` torcecs gcfoc cea`cita y gcfoc ctrãs c trcvïs ea` bctaroc`. A` aspcfol aitra `cs fceaics eanarâc sar tâpofcbaita ea cprlx. 31 c >; fb. @c `afgcec / blrtarl eana vartarsa gcstc qua a` aspcfol eancml ea` cplyl astï flbp`atcbaita ``ail, soi eamcr guafls. Vuplioaiel qua `c p`cfc oiharolr ea` cplyl (plr amabp`l, uic p`cfc ea cif`cma, so astã prasaita) il toaia qua sar hãfo`baita axtrcân`a, a` bctaroc` eana fl`lfcrsa bãs gcstc qua sa axtoaiec cprlxobcecbaita 3 fb plr aifobc ea `c suparhofoa oiharolr ea `c p`cfc oiharolr. [crc cplyls soi aifguhas l fliaftlras ea fozc``c, sa puaea vartar blrtarl / `afgcec h`uoec ai a` aspcfol eancml ea` cplyl flbl sa easfrona citarolrbaita, l sa puaea abpcquatcr blrtarl il h`uoel ai a` aspcfol easea a` flstcel, soi eamcr guafls. C`tarictovcbaita, y aspafoc`baita ai a` fcsl ea cplyls buy drcieas (eanoel c `c bcylr eohofu`tce ea oitrleufor ceafucecbaita `afgcec l blrtarl easea a` flstcel), puaea sar bãs prãftofl prapcrcr ui `afgl ea blrtarl `osl y p`cil y fl`lfcr a` cplyl ai `c pcrta suparolr. Oieapaieoaitabaita ea quï bïtlel sa a`omc, a` eosaócelr ea `c astrufturc eana dcrcitozcr qua sa avotai `ls easp`czcboaitls ea` cplyl eurcita a` sarvofol (plr amabp`l, baeocita huarzcs ea hroffoöi ceafucecs). Vo a` cplyl, l su p`cfc oiharolr, il toaia qua sar easblitcn`a ai a` huturl, y so sa cpruanc, `c rasostaifoc c `ls easp`czcboaitls puaea cubaitcrsa fl`lfciel blrtarl / `afgcec c`raeaelr ea` nlrea ea `c p`cfc ea cfarl (plr amabp`l, prasoliãiel`c ai a` blrtarl hrasfl) , eliea a` `afgl ea blrtarl sa fl`lfc citas ea` cplyl).
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >;
Ai a` fcsl ea cplyls buy drcieas, sa raflboaiec uic `afgcec ea pruanc pcrc dcrcitozcr qua sa lntaidc a` rasu`tcel easacel fli `ls cplyls rac`as, fli a` bctaroc` axtaieoïielsa ceafucecbaita y ``aiciel plr flbp`atl a` aspcfol eancml ea` cplyl. Va puaea flisoearcr a` usl ea uic `ãboic ea p`ãstofl trcispcraita pcrc sobu`cr a` cplyl, yc qua astl parbota lnsarvcr a` flbplrtcboaitl ea eosparsoöi ea` bctaroc` eurcita `c fl`lfcfoöi (var obãdaias c flitoiucfoöi).
Va eana avotcr qua `ls cplyls sa buavci l vonrai gcstc qua a` blrtarl / `afgcec sa gcyc homcel flrraftcbaita. Vo as iafascrol, `ls cplyls eanai homcrsa fli saduroece ai su plsofoöi fli citofopcfoöi, p. plr sl`eceurc ea parils ea cif`cma c` rahuarzl. Vo a` blrtarl / `afgcec aitrc ai flitcftl fli a` cplyl ai fuc`quoar blbaitl, eana `obpocrsa ea oibaeoctl.
34.> sunastrufturc ea cfarl Vo a` cplyl sa fl`lfc eoraftcbaita slnra uic sunastrufturc ea cfarl, `c suparhofoa ea fliaxoöi eana bafciozcrsa, fli uic tl`arcifoc ea ;,;;;6 x Zeoãbatrl l eocdlic`R. Vo sa flihorbc astc p`ciotue, y `c oif`oicfoöi ea `c suparhofoa ea fliaxoöi as ceafucec, aitlifas `c p`cfc oiharolr ea` cplyl sa puaea ctlrio``cr eoraftcbaita c `c sunastrufturc, l sl`ecrsa c a``c baeocita uic sl`eceurc ea ho`ata. Ea `l flitrcrol, sa eana fl`lfcr uic fcpc ea`dcec ea blrtarl / `afgcec aspafoc` pcrc `ldrcr `cs flieofolias raquaroecs, tc` flbl sa easfrona c flitoiucfoöi. 34.>.3 Fracfoöi ea uic suparhofoa ea cplyl ceafucec, so as iafascrol Vo as iafascrol, `cs flieofolias ea cplyl flrraftcs (ai tïrboils ea p`ciotue a oif`oicfoöi) pcrc a` cplyl sa puaeai `ldrcr uto`ozciel p`cfcs ea flbpaiscfoöi flbl sa o`ustrc c flitoiucfoöi (il c asfc`c). [crc dcrcitozcr qua `c prasoöi ea flitcftl sa eostronuyc ea bciarc uiohlrba, `c sapcrcfoöi aitra a` cplyl y `c sunastrufturc eana ``aicrsa fli ui blrtarl suparh`uoel aspafoc`, rasostaita c` fc`lr, ceafucel y ea suhofoaita rasostaifoc. Va eana dcrcitozcr qua il quaeai vcfâls aitra a` cplyl y `c sunastrufturc, p. fl`lfciel flbl sa easfrona crronc pcrc a` fcsl ea uic sunastrufturc ea flifratl. A` bctaroc` tcbnoïi eana fl`lfcrsa ea tc` bciarc qua il oitarhoarc fli `c sl`eceurc qua sodua.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >3
34.>.> Fliaxoöi plr baeol ea parils A` suboiostrl ea `ls parils as `c raspliscno`oece ea` flitrctostc, sc`vl qua c`dl a` crrad`l sac ltrl. 34.>.6 Fliaxoöi plr sl`eceurc @c `lidotue, a` tcbcól y `c fc`oece ea` flreli flr eli ea sl`eceurc sli `ls oieofcels ai `ls p`cils ea eosaól cp`ofcn`as. @cs suparhofoas qua sa sua`eci muitcs eanai astcr `obpocs y `onras ea sufoaece l drcsc. Va eana taiar aspafoc` fuoecel eurcita `c sl`eceurc pcrc avotcr ecóls c` cplyl l c `c astrufturc proifopc`. Fuc`quoar pcrta ea ui cplyl qua il astï gafgc ea cfarl purl puaea ecócrsa hãfo`baita plr sl`eceurc, so il sa tlbci `cs baeoecs ceafucecs pcrc avotcr astl. @ls bctaroc`as eas`ozcitas [UHA / ^LNL®V@@OEA, a`cstöbarls (flbl `ls qua sa usci, plr amabp`l, eaitrl ea `cs bcfatcs ea `ls cplyls ea bcfatc y ai `ls cplyls a`cstlbïrofls) y `cs fcrcftarâstofcs flbl prltaffoöi flitrc a` pl`vl il eanai slbatarsa c tabparcturcs suparolras c 31; » F. A` eascrrl``l ea `c tabparcturc ea` cfarl aitra `c sl`eceurc y tlecs `cs pcrtas ea` cplyl saison`as c `c tabparcturc eana flitrl`crsa, p. usciel tozc saison`a c `c tabparcturc (var c flitoiucfoöi). fl itoiucfoöi).
Easpuïs ea `c tarboicfoöi ea `c sl`eceurc, prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi sa eana cp`ofcr c `cs ãracs sl`ececs y eana rapcrcrsa fuc`quoar prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi ecócel (flisu`ta CT Oistruffoöi ea bcdanc 77;3).
37 Fliaxoöi ea cplyls c suparastruftur suparastrufturc c Ea hlrbc sobo`cr c `c fliaxoöi ea `c sunastrufturc, `c fliaxoöi ea `c suparastrufturc puaea sar glrbodlicec l fabaitcec (so `c suparastrufturc as ea glrbodöi), l c`tarictovcbaita puaea ctlrio``crsa / sl`ecrsa eoraftcbaita c uic suparastrufturc ea cfarl. Fcec uil ea astls a stls topls ea fliaxoöi sa easfrona ai `cs soduoaitas saffolias.
37.3 suparastrufturc ea glrbodöi Daiarc`baita, uic suparastrufturc ea glrbodöi puaea sar vartoel eoraftcbaita slnra a` cplyl, easpuïs ea fl`lfcr ea aiflhrcel ai tlel a` cplyl. A` aiflhrcel eana fl`lfcrsa `l bãs cmustcel plson`a c `c p`cfc ea cplyl, y `c nrafgc rastcita eanarã sar fuoecelscbaita sa``cec fli bctaroc` cprlpocel (plr amabp`l Go`to aiflhrcel aspubc FH-HT 1;; (E)) pcrc csadurcr qua il gcyc hudcs ea glrbodöi / `afgcec c trcvïs ea c `c vartofc`, `c fcrc ea` cplyl. p`cfcs eas`ozcitas eanai sar tltc`baita flbpcton`as, pcrc avotcr `c eostlrsoöi l `c rltcfoöi ea` cplyl ncml a` pasl ea` glrbodöi hrasfl.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >>
Vo a` flifratl sa ho`trc c trcvïs ea` aiflhrcel c` cplyl, eana `obpocrsa oibaeoctcbaita. Astl as aspafoc`baita obplrtcita ai a` fcsl ea `ls cplyls a`cstlbïrofls, fuyc fcpcfoece pcrc flbprobor y dorcr plerâc varsa eosboiuoec. Easpuïs ea ratorcr a` aiflhrcel, `ls cplyls eanai `obpocrsa y fuc`quoar ecól c `c prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi flr rlsoöi eana rapcrcrsa (flisu`ta `c Oistruffoöi CT 77;3 ea bcdanc).
37.> suparastrufturc ea cfarl @c suparhofoa ea fliaxoöi ea uic suparastrufturc ea cfarl eana bafciozcrsa, fli uic tl`arcifoc ea ;,;;;6 x Zeoãbatrl l eocdlic`R. Ea `l flitrcrol, `c p`ciofoece eana `ldrcrsa fli uic fcpc ea`dcec ea blrtarl aspafoc` (flisu`ta `c Vaffoöi 34.>.3 sadýi flrraspliec). @ls cplyls daiarc`baita astãi fliaftcels c uic suparastrufturc ea cfarl ctlrio``ciel l sl`eciel (var c flitoiucfoöi). 37.>.3 Vafuaifoc ea fliaxoöi Ai a` fcsl ea uic suparastrufturc ea cfarl, a` cplyl daiarc`baita eana astcr fliaftcel c `c suparastrufturc probarl, y `uadl c `c sunastrufturc, pcrc csadurcr qua `cs suparhofoas ea cfarl ea` cplyl y `c suparastrufturc astãi flbp`atcbaita uioels soi rasostaifoc. 37.>.> Fliaxoöi plr baeol ea parils Vuboiostrl ea parils as `c raspliscno`oece ea` flitrctostc, sc`vl sa cfuarea cfuar ea `l flitrcrol. 37.>.6 Fliaxoöi plr sl`eceurc @c `lidotue, a` tcbcól y `c fc`oece ea` flreli ea sl`eceurc sli `ls oieofcels ai `ls p`cils ea eosaól cp`ofcn`as. @cs suparhofoas qua sa sua`eci muitcs eanai astcr `obpocs y `onras ea sufoaece l drcsc. Va eana taiar aspafoc` fuoecel eurcita `c sl`eceurc pcrc avotcr ecóls ai a` cplyl l `c astrufturc. Fuc`quoar pcrta ea ui cplyl qua il astï gafgc ea cfarl purl puaea ecócrsa hãfo`baita plr sl`eceurc, so il sa tlbci `cs baeoecs ceafucecs pcrc avotcr astl. Bctaroc`as eas`ozcitas [UHA / ^LNL®V@OEA, a`cstöbarls (flbl sa usci, plr amabp`l, eaitrl ea `cs bcfatcs ea cplyls ea bcfatcs y ai cplyls a`cstlbïrofls), eosfls ea cplyls ea eosfls y fcrcftarâstofcs tc`as flbl prltaffoöi flitrc a` pl`vl il eanai astcr sumatls c tabparcturcs suparolras c 31; » EL. A` eascrrl``l ea `c tabparcturc ea` cfarl aitra `c sl`eceurc y tlecs `cs pcrtas ea` cplyl saison`as c `c tabparcturc eana flitrl`crsa, p. usciel tozc saison`a c `c tabparcturc. .
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >6
3? Flrta / a`oboicfoöi ea cffaslrols cf faslrols ea trcisplrta trcisplrta Uci prlitl flbl `ls cplyls astïi flbp`atcbaita oistc`cels y flrraftcbaita slplrtcels (fli fuc`quoar glrbodöi l blrtarl suhofoaitabaita aieurafoel, daiarc`baita easpuïs ea cprlxobcecbaita 7 glrcs, eapaieoaiel ea `c bazf`c, tabparcturc, atf.), y citas ea fuc`quoar prataiscel, fuc`quoar cffaslrol ea trcisplrta ea cfarl tabplrc` (var crronc y raharorsa c` eonuml ea` cplyl) eana sar rablvoel pcrc avotcr huarzcs ea rastroffoöi y ecóls c baeoec qua `c suparastrufturc flboaizc c blvarsa. (Vo `cs vcro``cs ea homcfoöi ea trcisplrta sli ea p`ãstofl, ïstcs sa cutlasfoieorãi fuciel `c suparastrufturc flboaifa c blvarsa, plr `l qua il as iafascrol flrtcr`cs io axtrcar`cs). Va eana dcrcitozcr, c` fl`lfcr fuc`quoar ciecbol / aiflhrcel, atf., qua a` cffasl c fuc`quoar cffaslrol ea trcisplrta ea cfarl sarã plson`a. @cs ncrrcs ea cfarl sa puaeai flrtcr fli ui eosfl ea flrta, taioaiel fuoecel ea prltadar a` cplyl. Vo tc`as ncrrcs ea cfarl toaiai ui eln`a prlpösotl, y sa uscrãi pcrc fliaftcr a` cplyl c `c astrufturc proifopc`, aitlifas `ls axtrabls il sa eanai quotcr. Ea `l flitrcrol, `ls axtrabls ea `cs vcro``cs sa eanai quotcr y `ls cdumarls sa ra``aici fli so`oflic l rasoic r asoic aplxofc.
>; Oistc`cfoöi eancml ea uic suparastrufturc axostaita axostaita Flbl saóc`ö `c aiflistruffoöi `c oitrleuffoöi, citarolras saea cp`ofci `c gcyc oistc`cfoöi ea `ls cplylssaeurcita oiofoc``cs easaffolias uic astrufturc, citas qua `cproifopc`baita suparastrufturcc sa flistruoel l `avcitcel ai su `udcr. @c oistc`cfoöi ea cplyls ea rapuastl ai uic astrufturc axostaita raquoara uic p`ciohofcfoöi aspafâhofc ea` prlyaftl, y sa eana flisu`tcr c bcdanc ai tc`as fcsls pcrc lntaiar uic lroaitcfoöi ceafucec. Astc saffoöi flitoaia uic duâc daiarc` daia rc` pcrc tc`as fcsls, qua puaea sar cp`ofcn`a y ýto` ai c`duils fcsls y eana uscrsa sadýi flrraspliec. @ls proifopols daiarc`as ea oistc`cfoöi ea cplyls y `c lroaitcfoöi prlplrfolicec c `l `crdl ea asta elfubaitl tcbnoïi sa eanai cp`ofcr fuciel flrraspliec y il sa rapotai cquâ. @ls ratls aspafâhofls y flisoearcfolias daiarc`as puaeai oif`uor= - A` aspcfol ea trcncml eosplion`a puaea sar buy `obotcel, `l qua cubaitc `c iafasoece ea uic p`ciohofcfoöi fuoecelsc. - Va eana dcrcitozcr qua `c suparastrufturc parbciazfc csadurcec flitrc blvoboaitls oieasacels ai tlel blbaitl. Boaitrcs qua ui cplyl qua prlplrfolic foartc homazc astã soaiel raabp`czcel, asc homazc eana sar prlplrfolicec tabplrc`baita plr ltrl cplyl l plr baeols c`tarictovls. [lr amabp`l, so sa
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slplrtc uic suparastrufturc ai uic po`c ea ui puaita baeocita ui cplyl ea eas`ozcboaitl duocel y ui cplyl ea eas`ozcboaitl `onra, sa eana prlplrfolicr uic rastroffoöi tabplrc` flitrc blvoboaitls trcisvarsc`as eurcita `c sustotufoöi ea` cplyl ea eas`ozcboaitl duocel. Va eana dcrcitozcr qua `cs huarzcs ea rastroffoöi r astroffoöi il sa cfubu`ai aitra cplyls ai ioidýi blbaitl. [lr amabp`l, ai a` amabp`l a mabp`l citarolr, so sa rac`ozc ui cplyl ea eas`ozcboaitl `onra ai uic po`c ea puaita pcrc huifolicr tabplrc`baita flbl cplyl ea eas`ozcboaitl duocel eurcita a` raabp`czl ea` cplyl ea eas`ozcboaitl duocel ceycfaita, astc huifoöi tabplrc` eana tarboicrsa tci prlitl flbl sa gcyc raabp`czcel a` cplyl flbp`atcel y `ls blvoboaitls trcisvarsc`as ea `c p`ctchlrbc sli rasostoels plr a` iuavl cplyl eas`ozcita duocel.
@ls easchâls cslfocels fli `c oistc`cfoöi eancml ea uic suparastrufturc axostaita tâpofcbaita tcbnoïi oif`uyai= ➮ @avcitcboaitl ea `c suparastrufturc flbl sa raquoara. a strufturc ea fliaxoöi (glrbodöi, parils, atf.) sadýi flrraspliec. ➮ Axtrcffoöi ea` cplyl axostaita y astrufturc ➮ Oisarfoöi ea ui iuavl cplyl ai plsofoöi eancml ea uic suparastrufturc axostaita (oisarfoöi `ctarc`, fli `c suparastrufturc qua obpoea a` usl ea uic fceaic l as`oidc pcrc `avcitcr`c)
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >5
➮
C`turc f`crc praeahoioec y rltcfoöi cidu`cr (plson`a easvocfoöi ea `c pcrc`a`oece) aitra `cs suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi suparolr a oiharolr, y quozãs unofcfolias ea lrohofols praeahoioecs pcrc fliaxolias ctlrio``cecs. ➮ [lson`a ceafucfoöi ea `c fliaxoöi ea` cplyl c `c suparastrufturc citas ea `c sunastrufturc.. Vo `cs suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi ea ui cplyl axostaita eanai rauto`ozcrsa fuciel sa raabp`czc a` a ` cplyl, p. Am .= Vo cbncs suparhofoas sli ea cfarl l eliea tcitl sunastrufturc y `c suparastrufturc sli ea astrufturc ast rufturc ea cfarl, l l eanoel c `c prasaifoc ea p`cfcs ea cif`cma ea cfarl sapcrcecs rauto`ozcn`as ai astrufturcs ea glrbodöi): l • Vo a` cplyl il gc soel io sarã homcel ai su `udcr io ctlrio``cel / cif`cel c `cs suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi, p. ai a` fcsl ea `ls cplyls a`cstlbïrofls qua sa bcitoaiai ai su `udcr plr hroffoöi l plr baeols axtarils. •
Aitlifas a` prlfasl ea raabp`czl ea` cplyl tâpofcbaita flbpraiea `ls soduoaitas pcsls proifopc`as= ➮ @avcitcr `c suparastrufturc plr `c paquaóc fcitoece raquaroec pcrc ratorcr a oisartcr `ls cplyls. ➮ ^atora a` cplyl axostaita. ➮ ^apcrcr l bamlrcr `c fliaxoöi f liaxoöi ea astrufturcs / suparhofoas sadýi sac iafascrol (plr amabp`l, amab p`l, trctcboaitl ea `c flrrlsoöi, `c cp`ofcfoöi ea prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi, atf.) ➮ Oisartcr a` cplyl iuavl, ea eosaól y eobaisolias ceafucecs, taioaiel ai fuaitc `c flbprasono`oece (ai ➮
ra`cfoöi `c c`turc) y `ls y `cs plsofolias ea so `ls/ flbl lrohofols fliaxoöi. Fliaftcrfli cplyl c eatc``as `cs suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi sa ea raquoarc.. a` iuavl
C` gcfar`l, sa eana dcrcitozcr `c fcpcfoece ea` iuavl cplyl pcrc cflblecr tlels `ls easp`czcboaitls y rltcfolias huturcs, plr amabp`l, oistc`ciel a` cplyl fli ui pracmusta ceafucel. Fuc`quoar easvocfoöi ea` pcrc`a`l aitra `cs suparhofoas suparolr a oiharolr ea` cplyl eana flisoearcrsa ai a` flitaxtl ea `c fcpcfoece ea rltcfoöi tltc` ea` cplyl (qua puaea raeuforsa baeocita tc` easvocfoöi). Eana flisoearcrsa fuoecelscbaita so a` iuavl cplyl eana l il astcr fliaftcel (fl`dcel) ea `c suparastrufturc, citas ea fliaftcrsa c `c sunastrufturc. Voi abncrdl, so `cs suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi il eanai rauto`ozcrsa (plr amabp`l, fuciel uic astrufturc ea glrbodöi axostaita l a` cif`cma ea` cplyl eana bleohofcrsa l raflistruorsa), a` prlfasl sa vua`va bãs flbp`aml y raquoara uic p`ciohofcfoöi eatc``cec aspafâhofc ea` prlyaftl. Ai tc`as fcsls, soabpra sa eana flitcftcr c bcdanc pcrc lntaiar lroaitcfoöi, sadýi flrraspliec. flrra spliec. @c duâc daiarc` pcrc sotucfolias tâpofcs sa prlplrfolic c flitoiucfoöi.
>;.3 @avcitcboaitl ea `c suparastrufturc sadýi sac iafascrol A` drcel ai qua sa eana `avcitcr uic suparastrufturc pcrc parbotor `c axtrcffoöi ea ui cplyl axostaita eapaiea ea` topl ea cplyl y ea föbl sa fliaftc (so as qua `l gcfa) c `cs astrufturcs suparolras a oiharolras. Ucbnoïi eapaiea ea `c baeoec ai qua a` a ` cplyl axostaita y sus fliaxolias (plr amabp`l, tcfls) raquoarai sar a`oboicels, y so a` cplyl axostaita astcnc l il aquopcel fli p`cfcs ea cif`cma pcrc hcfo`otcr a` raabp`czl ra`ctovcbaita hãfo` ea` cplyl rac`. @cs flisafuaifocs ea `avcitcr `c suparastrufturc sa eanai flisoearcr ea citabcil y, ai pcrtofu`cr, c` eafoeor fuãitl sa `avcitcrã. Va eanai boiobozcr `ls ecóls c `c suparhofoa, atf., y sa eana dcrcitozcr `c saduroece ea` trãhofl ai tlel blbaitl. Vo `c astrufturc il astã farrcec c` trãhofl boaitrcs sa a`avc `c suparastrufturc, fuc`quoar pcsl oitrleufoel ai `c suparhofoa ea flieuffoöi eana sar cfaptcn`a pcrc a` trãhofl qua usc `c astrufturc ai asta blbaitl. Astl as pcrtofu`crbaita obplrtcita pcrc `cs astrufturcs harrlvocrocs, qua daiarc`baita raquoarai roa`as parhaftcbaita p`cils pcrc a` pcsl ea fuc`quoar vagâfu`l harrlvocrol.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >1
@ls dctls goerãu`ofls (plr amabp`l, Anarspcafgar, topl ]A^J) sa uto`ozci c baiuel pcrc `avcitcr uic suparastrufturc. @ls eosplsotovls ea `avcitcboaitl eanai taiar ui iýbarl ceafucel y fcpcfoece ea `avcitcboaitl, y eanai unofcrsa ceafucecbaita eliea `c rasostaifoc ea `cs astrufturcs y a` cffasl sac ceafucec. @ls dctls daiarc`baita eanai astcr aquopcels fli uic p`cfc ea cplyl ashïrofc y cio``ls ea saduroece, qua eanai uscrsa eliea sac cprlpocel pcrc avotcr oiiafascrocbaita `c prasoöi goerãu`ofc ea` dctl. Eliea sa usci bý`top`as mcfjs pcrc `avcitcr a` bosbl a`abaitl, eanarâc sar plson`a flitrl`cr fcec mcfj ea hlrbc oieapaieoaita. Ulels `ls eatc``as, oif`uoel a` plsofolicboaitl prafosl ea `ls fliaftlras, eanai sar `ls eahoioels plr a` oidaioarl. Citas ea `avcitcr `c suparastrufturc, a` cplyl eana astcr easfliaftcel ea `c astrufturc proifopc` (plr amabp`l, quotciel `ls parils) sadýi sac iafascrol pcrc avotcr qua a` a ` cplyl cta `cs astrufturcs.
>;.> @c a`oboicfoöi ea` cplyl axostaita, y `c astrufturc ea fliaxoöi sadýi flrraspliec flrrasp liec A` oidaioarl raspliscn`a eana eatarboicr a` drcel ea rablfoöi ea` cplyl axostaita, sus fliaxolias y `cs astrufturcs ea fliaxoöi, taioaiel ai fuaitc a` eosaól ea` iuavl cplyl ea raabp`czl y su slplrta y fliaxolias, `c flieofoöi y `c oeliaoece ea fuc`quoar a`abaitl rataioel, y `ls raquosotls ea aspcfol ea fuc`quoar aquopl a quopl (plr amabp`l, tc`cerls) qua puaec sar iafascrol pcrc oistc`cr a` iuavl cplyl. Va eana avotcr `c a`oboicfoöi l eastruffoöi ceofolic` ea `c astrufturc, axfaptl ai `c baeoec cprlncec plr a` oidaioarl. Vo uic l cbncs ea `cs suparhofoas ea slplrta ea` cplyl axostaita (plr amabp`l, zöfc`ls ea glrbodöi l blrtarl l p`cfcs ea cif`cma, so astãi a stãi prasaitas) l fuc`quoar plsono`oece ea fliaxoöi axostaita (cdumarls (cduma rls ea parils, f`cvomcs, atf.) vci c sar uto`ozcels plr a` iuavl cplyl, ecóls c astls eana sar pravaioel.
>;.6 [rapcrcfoöi ea `c astrufturc pcrc rafonor a` iuavl cplyl Fuc`quoar ecól c `ls a`abaitls rataioels (plr amabp`l, amab p`l, suparhofoas ea slplrta l plsono`oeceas ea fliaxoöi, tc`as flbl f`cvomcs) eana gcfarsa c `c sctoshcffoöi ea` oidaioarl raspliscn`a. @c raflistruffoöi ea `cs saffolias a`oboicecs ea `ls a`abaitls astrufturc`as eana astcr ea cfuarel fli ui eosaól cprlncel. @c prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi eana sar ceafucec y ceafucec. cea fucec. @c flieofoöi y `c oeliaoece ea tlecs `cs astrufturcs ra`avcitas, oif`uoels `ls a`abaitls rataioels ra taioels y raflistruoels, eanai sar cprlncecs plr a` oidaioarl raspliscn`a ra spliscn`a citas ea `c oistc`cfoöi ea` iuavl cplyl.
>;.5 @c oisarfoöi ea ui iuavl i uavl cplyl ai plsofoöi plr eancml ea uic suparastrufturc su parastrufturc axostaita Eliea `ls cplyls sli pascels y / l a` cffasl as eohâfo`, puaea sar ui easchâl sodiohofctovl oisartcr ui iuavl cplyl ai plsofoöi eancml ea uic suparastrufturc axostaita (oisartciel easea a` flstcel, fli `c suparastrufturc avotciel a` usl ea uic fceaic l as`oidc pcrc `avcitcr`l) . Eapaieoaiel ea `c dalbatrâc ea `c astrufturc y ea` easchâl prasaitcel, puaea sar ýto`, plr amabp`l, arodor uic astrufturc ea cfarl tabplrc` ai `c pcrta suparolr ea `c sunastrufturc, fraciel uic p`ctchlrbc ai vl`ceozl ai a` iova` cprlpocel pcrc parbotor qua a` cplyl, fuciel sa `avcitc ai a` axtrabl axtarolr ea `c p`ctchlrbc, pcrc eas`ozcr c `l `crdl ea `c p`ctchlrbc (ai uic suparhofoa ea [UHA) ai su plsofoöi. Ai `ls soduoaitas nlfatls sa o`ustrc ui amabp`l ea föbl f öbl sa plerâc flistruor uic p`ctchlrbc tabplrc` (ai a` fcsl ea uic po`c ea puaita cos`cel). Astls nlfatls sobp`abaita oieofci a` proifopol: Va raquoara ui eosaól cprlpocel plr ui oidaioarl fc`ohofcel. Eofgcs astrufturcs ea p`ctchlrbc tâpofcbaita puaeai rauto`ozcrsa pcrc raabp`czls ea cplyls plstarolras, so as a s iafascrol.
Uab lrcry lrc (Hl (H lr p Q Q[ [ -@ohtryHN l`lf rfa rf ajs)
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
Hoic` oic ` [`cf [`cf a
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >8
Frcia
Vtaa ` Flis Fl istruf truftoli toli hlr sup suppl pl rt
Amabp`l ea p`ctchlrbc tabplrc` ai `c pcrta suparolr ea uic po`c ea puaita= A`avcfoöi (vostc easea po`c ceycfaita)
Hoic oic`` [ [`cf `cf a
Gyercu`of yercu`of mcf j
Uab pl plrrcry p`c f a
Amabp`l ea p`ctchlrbc tabplrc` ai `c pcrta suparolr ea ui po`cr ea ui puaita= Xostc ai p`citc
Amabp`l ea p`ctchlrbc tabplrc` ai `c pcrta suparolr ea uic po`c ea puaita= Vaffoöi (pcrc`a`l c` ama ea` puaita)
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >4
>;.1 A` plsofolicboaitl prafosl y cmusta ea pra-cmusta so as iafascrol Vo `c plsofoöi axcftc ea` iuavl cplyl (fli raharaifoc c `c plsofoöi ea` p`cil, a`avcfoöi y / l oif`oicfoöi) il sa eahoia fli prafosoöi y sa `ldrc cutlbãtofcbaita baeocita `c fliaxoöi ea` cplyl c `c suparastrufturc l sunastrufturc, a` plsofolicboaitl axcftl eana eahoiorsa y `ldrcrsa ea cfuarel fli a` eosaól y `cs oistruffolias ea` oidaioarl raspliscn`a. Flisu`ta `c Vaffoöi 31 sadýi flrraspliec. fl rraspliec. Flisu`ta `c Vaffoöi 31.>, ai pcrtofu`cr, ai ra`cfoöi fli `c varohofcfoöi, l cmusta so as iafascrol, ea pracmusta (`c fcpcfoece ea` cplyl pcrc cflblecr tlels `ls blvoboaitls / rltcfolias huturcs, abpazciel easea su flieofoöi cftuc`).
>;.8 Fliaxoöi ea` cplyl c `c astrufturc Easpuïs ea `c prapcrcfoöi ea `c astrufturc pcrc rafonor a` iuavl cplyl, flbl sa easfrona crronc, y `c oisarfoöi ea` iuavl cplyl ai su plsofoöi (ai atcpcs so as iafascrol, p. Am. Fli p`cfcs ea cif`cma l oisartcecs sobo`cras so as iafascrol), a` cplyl puaea fliaftcrsa c `c astrufturc proifopc` ea cfuarel fli a` eosaól partoiaita y `cs oistruffolias ea` oidaioarl raspliscn`a. Eapaieoaiel ea` eosaól, tc`as fliaxolias puaeai tlbcr `c hlrbc ea fliaxolias ea cif`cma plsotovcs (plr amabp`l, ctlrio``cecs) l fliaxolias sobp`as ncscecs ai `c hroffoöi (qua obpoeai a` easp`czcboaitl ea` cplyl plr hroffoöi, fuciel sac ceafucel y parboson`a). A` eosaól y `c amafufoöi ea `cs fliaxolias fl iaxolias tcbnoïi eanai flisoearcr `c c`turc f`crc praeahoioec (axostaita) aitra `c sunastrufturc y `c suparastrufturc, y fuc`quoar rltcfoöi cidu`cr (plson`a easvocfoöi ea `c pcrc`a`osbl) aitra `cs suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi. Ai a` fcsl ea `cs fliaxolias ctlrio``cecs, tcbnoïi sa eana flisoearcr fuc`quoar unofcfoöi ea lrohofol axostaita. Flisu`ta `cs saffolias ea asta bciuc` ra`cfolicecs fli `c oistc`cfoöi y fliaxoöi ea `ls cplyls ai daiarc` (plr amabp`l, `cs Vaffolias 38, 34, 34 , 37 y 3? ai a i pcrtofu`cr), y cp`oqua astcs pcutcs sadýi flrraspliec. Va eana taiar fuoecel pcrc csadurcr qua tlecs `cs fcrdcs sa trcisbotci ea bciarc ceafucec y sadurc aitra a` cplyl y fcec astrufturc ea fliaxoöi. [lr amabp`l=
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Fuciel sa raquoarc ui `afgl ea blrtarl (plr amabp`l, ui aspaslr ea cprlxobcecbaita 6; bb) eancml ea ui cplyl, sa puaea flisoearcr a` usl ea ui blrtarl ea h`uml `onra tc` flbl NAUAF 35; ea Drcfa Flistruftoli Bctaroc`s. Flisu`ta `c Vaffoöi 34 sadýi flrraspliec. f lrraspliec. Fuciel sa raquoara ui fursl ea iova`cfoöi ea`dcel (plr amabp`l, aitra `c p`cfc ea fliaxoöi ea` cplyl y `c suparastrufturc), sa puaea flisoearcr a` usl ea `c `afgcec cegasovc Vojceur®6; ea els pcrtas. Flisu`ta `c Vaffoöi 37.> sadýi flrraspliec y cp`ofcn`a pcrc a` fcsl ea uic suparastrufturc ea cfarl.
Ai pcrtofu`cr, a` oidaioarl raspliscn`a eana flisoearcr ea citabcil so as cprlpocel fliaftcr probarl a` cplyl c `c suparastrufturc (fl`dciel ea ï`) citas ea fliaftcr`l c `c sunastrufturc. Asta as c baiuel a` fcsl, yc qua daiarc`baita as bãs hãfo` eosaócr y amafutcr uic fliaxoöi bleohofcec c uic sunastrufturc qua c uic suparastrufturc. Ai pcrtofu`cr, daiarc`baita as a` fcsl, plr amabp`l, fuciel ui cplyl ea cfarl sa eana fliaftcr c uic suparastrufturc soi a` usl ea `afgcec / blrtarl ai a` baeol, y eliea sa eana csadurcr qua `cs suparhofoas lpuastcs sa uici parhaftcbaita, soi aspcfol l rltcfoöi aitra a``ls. Fuciel sa flisoeara cprlpocel fl`dcr probarl ui cplyl ea `c suparastrufturc citas ea fliaftcr`l c `c sunastrufturc oiharolr, sa eana taiar fuoecel pcrc csadurcr qua a` cplyl il sa easblrlia plr su prlpol pasl c` fl`dcr easea crronc, ai pcrtofu`cr, so `c flihodurcfoöi ea ui cplyl eas`ozcita eana cmustcrsa, `l qua raquoara qua `cs fliaxolias ea trcisplrta qua bcitoaiai a` a ` cplyl muitcs sa easfliaftai l ratorai ai astc atcpc.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >7
>;.8.3 Amabp`l= Fl`lfcfoöi y fliaxoöi c suparastrufturc probarl, fli `c iova`cfoöi ea fursl aitra @ls soduoaitas nlfatls y hltldrchâcs o`ustrci föbl ui cplyl (plr amabp`l, ui cplyl ea eas`ozcboaitl `onra) puaea, ai eatarboicecs forfuistcifocs, fl`lfcrsa ai plsofoöi y fliaftcrsa probarl c `c suparastrufturc uto`ozciel `afgcec cegasovc. Ai `cs hltldrchâcs, a` aiflhrcel sa gc fl`lfcel pcrc rataiar y ecr hlrbc c `c `afgcec (taidc ai fuaitc `c suparhofoa orradu`cr ea `c `afgcec hrasfc), qua toaia ui drlslr sodiohofctovl pcrc suparcr `c hc`tc sustcifoc` ea uiohlrboece (eanoel c uic p`cfc ea fliaxoöi ea cfarl rataioec) ai `c suparastrufturc suparhofoa oiharolr.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= >?
>;.4 Easfaisl ea `c suparastrufturc a`avcec pcrc easfciscr slnra iuavls cplyls Citas ea ncmcr `c suparastrufturc pcrc easfciscr slnra `ls iuavls cplyls oistc`cels, sa eana taiar fuoecel pcrc csadurcr qua `cs astrufturcs ea slplrta / fliaxoöi y tlecs `cs fliaxolias saci `l suhofoaitabaita huartas (plr amabp`l, flifratl l `afgcec sa gcyc hlrtc`afoel `l suhofoaita), y qua il surmci huarzcs ea rastroffoöi pltaifoc`baita ecóoics.
>3 @c oistc`cfoöi ea cplyls a`cstlbïrofls a`cstlbïrofls @ls cplyls a`cstlbïrofls flbl @CVUL®N@LFJ topl N, qua il toaiai p`cfcs ea cfarl ai sus suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi suparolr / oiharolr, sli daiarc`baita bufgl bails flbp`ofcels ea oistc`cr qua ltrls topls ea cplyls. Voi abncrdl, sa eana flisoearcr su flbprasono`oece ai su eosaól a oistc`cfoöi, aspafoc`baita ai a` flitaxtl ea ui drupl ea cplyls qua slplrtci ui sl`l a`abaitl astrufturc`, astr ufturc`, pcrc avotcr csaitcboaitls eoharaifoc`as.
@ls cplyls topl N ea @CVUL® N@LFJ ilrbc`baita sa fl`lfci, eliea sa parbota, soi cif`cr ai ui `afgl ea blrtarl `osl y iova`cel (blrtarl ea fabaitl l rasoic aplxo fli uic rasostaifoc c `c flbprasoöi ceafucec),
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 6;
axfaptl ai a` fcsl ea uic sunastrufturc ea cfarl ceafucec. C` fl`lfcr a` cplyl, sa eana dcrcitozcr qua sac cnsl`utcbaita glrozlitc` (c bails qua sa oieoqua `l flitrcrol l sa oieoqua `l flitrcrol). @cs suparhofoas ea slplrta ea `ls cplyls ceycfaitas ilrbc`baita eanai astcr eospuastcs pcrc`a`cs y iova`cecs aitra sâ pcrc dcrcitozcr `c eostronufoöi uiohlrba ea `cs fcrdcs y avotcr `c eahlrbcfoöi plr flrtcita. @c p`ciotue ea `cs suparhofoas ea fliaxoöi eana astcr eaitrl ea uic tl`arcifoc ea +/- 3 bb ai tlec a` ãrac ea flitcftl. Fuc`quoar easvocfoöi ea` pcrc`a`l aitra `cs suparhofoas suparolr a oiharolr ea` cplyl eana flisoearcrsa ai a` flitaxtl ea `c fcpcfoece ea rltcfoöi tltc` ea` cplyl (qua puaea raeuforsa baeocita tc` easvocfoöi). Fuciel eanc avotcrsa a` easp`czcboaitl ea` cplyl easea su unofcfoöi flrraftc plr hroffoöi aitra a` cplyl y uic suparhofoa ea fliaxoöi, sa eana dcrcitozcr ui iova` (flahofoaita) ea hroffoöi ceafucel. Vo il sa dcrcitozc `c fcrdc bâiobc raquaroec pcrc avotcr a` easp`czcboaitl, a` cplyl eana astcr csadurcel flitrc a` easp`czcboaitl, p. plr baeols axtarils. @ls cplyls eanarâci, ai daiarc`, eospliarsa a oistc`crsa ea tc` hlrbc qua puaeci sar raabp`czcels ai a` a ` huturl soi eohofu`tce. Fuciel `ls cplyls a`cstlbïrofls sa fl`lfci ai uic `âiac pcrc uscr flbl cplyls `oiac`as (plr amabp`l, eancml ea uic pcrae ea ui aeohofol), sl`l sa eanai uscr cplyls ea `cs bosbcs eobaisolias, so as plson`a. A` `afgl ea blrtarl (blrtarl ea fabaitl l blrtarl ea rasoic soitïtofc) eana taiar ui aspaslr ea >; - 6; bb (daiarc`baita il bails ea 3; bb). Vo toaia bãs ea 6; bb ea aspaslr, a` usl ea rahuarzl ra huarzl puaea sar cprlpocel. @c fcbc eana axtaiearsa uils faitâbatrls bãs c``ã ea` nlrea ea` cplyl ai tlels `ls `cels. A` aiflhrcel pcrc `c flistruffoöi ea fuc`quoar raflrroel ea iova`cfoöi fl`lfcel aifobc ea` cplyl (c `c suparastrufturc) eana cmustcrsa buy astrafgcbaita c` cplyl pcrc qua il sa ho`tra flifratl plr `ls `cels ea` cplyl y, plstarolrbaita, oih`uyc ai su `onartce pcrc eahlrbcrsa. A` aiflhrcel tcbnoïi eana sar hãfo` ea quotcr. Va gc aiflitrcel qua a` ravastoboaitl ea pl`oastorail as ceafucel pcrc astl ai c`duics forfuistcifocs.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 63
>> Oispaffoöi hoic` y `obpoazc ` obpoazc ea `ls cplyls oistc`cels plr flbp`atl flbp`atl Citas ea qua ui cplyl rafoïi oistc`cel puaec axpliarsa c `c fcrdc ea` trãhofl, a` oidaioarl raspliscn`a eana eaf`crcr su oeliaoece y prapcrcfoöi pcrc a``l. Ai pcrtofu`cr=
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Vu prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi (so `c gcy) eana astcr ai nuaics flieofolias, rapcrãielsa fuc`quoar ecól fcuscel eurcita a` trcisplrta l `c oistc`cfoöi. Eana astcr `obpol y `onra ea lnstruffolias l rasoeuls qua puaeci obpaeor `ls blvoboaitls `onras. Vu oistc`cfoöi flbp`atc y flrraftc eana sar flihorbcec.
Xïcsa bãs cncml pcrc bãs eatc``as.
>>.3 Flbprlncfoöi y rapcrcfoöi ea prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi (so as cp`ofcn`a) cp` ofcn`a) Va eana varohofcr `c flieofoöi ea `c prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi ea` cplyl (so flrraspliea) pcrc csadurcrsa ea qua astï flbp`atc (soi oif`uor suparhofoas eas`ozcitas, c bails qua sa oieoqua axprascbaita) y il sa gcyc ecócel eurcita a` trcisplrta l `c oistc`cfoöi. @c eataffoöi y rapcrcfoöi oibaeoctc ea fuc`quoar ecól cyuec c avotcr rapcrcfolias bãs axtaiscs y flstlscs ai uic hafgc plstarolr. @c `c flrrlsoöi cp`ofcec c ui cplyl eana sar f lbpcton`a flbpcton`a a` cplyl y susar flieofoöi, y tcbnoïi fliprltaffoöi a` sostabcflitrc ea prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi axostaita y su flieofoöi.fli Ucbnoïi eana ceafucel pcrc a` aitlril ea` cplyl, pcrc `c eurcno`oece, ahofcfoc, atf. Flisu`ta fli bcdanc pcrc lntaiar lroaitcfoöi, fli aspafoc` raharaifoc c `c Oistruffoöi CT 77;3 77; 3 ea bcdanc, qua prlplrfolic lroaitcfoöi slnra rapcrcfolias c `c prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi.
>>.> @obpoazc ea cplyl y `c flihorbcfoöi ea qua astã `onra ea lnstruffolias A` cplyl eana astcr `obpol y `onra ea lnstruffolias l rasoeuls qua puaeci obpaeor `ls blvoboaitls `onras (eliea a` cplyl astã eosaócel pcrc parbotor `ls blvoboaitls). Fuc`quoar suparhofoa eas`ozcita eana astcr `obpoc y `onra ea poiturc, pl`vl y ltrc flitcboicfoöi.
>>.6 @c flihorbcfoöi ea `c oistc`cfoöi flbp`atc y ceafucec A` oidaioarl raspliscn`a eana eaf`crcr `c oistc`cfoöi flbp`atc y ceafucec ea ui cplyl rafoïi oistc`cel y su eosplsofoöi pcrc sar puastl ai sarvofol flbp`atl citas ea qua astï axpuastl c `c fcrdc ea` trãhofl. Vo sa raquoarai rapcrcfolias, p. eanoel c ecóls eurcita a` trcisplrta l `c oistc`cfoöi, astls eanai ``avcrsa c fcnl fli prlitotue. [crc uic duâc ai ra`cfoöi fli a` trcncml ea rapcrcfoöi, sa eana flisu`tcr a` Bciuc` ea Oispaffoöi y Bcitaioboaitl ea bcdanc. [crc eatarboicr so ui cplyl sa gc oistc`cel flrraftcbaita, puaea sar ýto` ``avcr c fcnl uic oispaffoöi ea cfuarel fli a` Bciuc` ea oispaffoöi y bcitaioboaitl ea bcdanc. Asta bciuc` astcn`afa qua sa eana rac`ozcr uic probarc oispaffoöi "plfl easpuïs ea `c puastc ai sarvofol ea `c astrufturc (flbl bãxobl 3 cól easpuïs ea `c oistc`cfoöi ea` cplyl)". A` blbaitl ea eofgc probarc oispaffoöi eana eatarboicrsa pcrc dcrcitozcr qua fuc`quoar oiquoatue qua quaea easpuïs ea `c oistc`cfoöi sa oivastodua y sa cnlrea `l citas plson`a.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 6>
Cpïieofa 3= Garrcboaitcs atf, pcrc sar prlplrfolicel plr a` flitrctos flitrctostc tc •
Aquopls ea a`avcfoöi (drýc / blitcfcrdcs) pcrc easfcrdcr barfcifâcs y `avcitcr ai su `udcr cplyls
•
Ulpldrchl pcrc `c iova`cfoöi prafosc y a` plsofolicboaitl ea `ls cplyls
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Els iova`as ea nurnumc pcrc a` plsofolicboaitl glrozlitc` ea `ls cplyls
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garrcboaitcs bciuc`as tc`as flbl bcrto``ls y ``cvas
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Aquopl ea sl`eceurc
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flrtcelr ea dcs (plr amabp`l Lxy-cfato`ail) L xy-cfato`ail)
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eosfl ea flrta / cbl`celrc cidu`cr
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p`cfcs ea cmusta pcrc fl`lfcr eancml ea `ls cplyls
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Bcearc pcrc slplrta tabplrc` ea `ls cplyls
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flimuitl flbpraslr (pcrc a` cmusta ea guafls ai a` glrbodöi so as iafascrol)
•
Fcrrl ea rafl`affoöi pcrc a` trcisplrta
[crc `c `afgcec= •
baeol tunl ea p`ãstofl ( 3;; bb), l uic bciduarc ea p`ãstofl h`axon`a ( 6; bb) y ui abnuel
•
aiflhrcel
•
fceaics ea batc`, iýbarl, eapaieoaiel ea` tcbcól ea` cplyl
•
Garrcboaitcs pcrc `c bazf`c ea `afgcec ea fabaitl / blrtarl
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 66
Cpïieofa >= Oihlrba ea oistc`cfoöi oistc`cfoöi l t f a y l r p ` a e i ö o f c b r l h i O
Ilbnra ea` prlyaftl Uopl ea astrufturc (cfarl / glrbodöi, atf.) F`oaita Flitrctostc Uaioaiel Qnofcfoöi Eonuml (Il.) [arslic raspliscn`a ea Oistc`cfoöi ea` cplyl Ilbnra ea bcrfc y topl ea prleuftl Blrtarl Bïtlel ea flistruffoöi ea` Blrtarl Uaioaiel @lfc`ozcfoöi (sadýi a` eonuml ea oistc`cfoöi) Uopl ea cplyl y Il. Cpp`oae @lce X ZjIR [ra-cmusta ZbbR rcidl ea blvoboaitl ZbbR
i ö o f ` c c t s i o c ` a e s a t i c
Hafgc ea aitradc Easfcrdc y c`bcfaicboaitl ea cfuarel fli a` Bciuc` Bcrfcel ea `ls cplyls (p`cfc suparolr) Uopl ea `c p`cfc (iltcfolias ea `c earafgc) Asfc`c ea Urcncml (ai lreai) @c `obpoazc y `c prltaffoöi flitrc `c flrrlsoöi ^les rlsfcels (tâpofcbaita [ls. 38, flrraftcbaita homl) @obpoazc ea `c suparhofoa ea flitcftl ea Blrtarl @avcitcboaitl ea `c suparastrufturc (hafgc, glrc) Xartoel ea Blrtarl (hafgc, glrc), Nlttlb
i ö o f c ` c t s i O
Xartoel ea Blrtarl (hafgc, glrc), Ulp Aspaslr ea Blrtarl ZbbR, suparolr / oiharolr
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@c flbprlncfoöi flbprlncfoöi ea` glroz. arrlr oif`oicfoöi x / y Zbb / bR (Vaf. 8)
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A` easp`czcboaitl x / y ZbbR (eas`ozcboaitl / eahlrbcfoöi ea `ls cplyls)
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Uabparcturc ea` cora Z» FR Glrozlitc` Oif`oicfoöi Arrlr x / y Zbb / bR Glrozlitc` [ra-Bcrfl y Eoraffoöi ZbbR @c raeuffoöi ea `c suparastrufturc (hafgc, glrc)
l o f o v r a s ` a e r o t r c p C
@c a`oboicfoöi ea vcro``cs ea trcisplrta tabplrc` (hafgc, glrc) Uabparcturc ea` cora Z» FR
Eas`ozcita, ncrrc duâc y `c oif`oicfoöi ea `cs nrafgcs ([crc topls aspafâhofls ea cplyl flbl eatc``cec)
flbaitcrols= flbaitcrols=
Horbcel y hafgcel= hafgcel= F`oaita= Uotu`cr= Oidaioarl=
@ls vc`lras oiofoc`as ea radostrl easpuïs ea `c oistc`cfoöi ai `c tcn`c ea `c pãdoic soduoaita, sadýi flrraspliec
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 65
Baeofoöi ea guafls eas`ozcitas, guafls ea oif`oicfoöi y guafls ea ncrrc ea duâc A` soduoaita axtrcftl ea` Oihlrba ea oispaffoöi ea` Bciuc` ea oispaffoöi y bcitaioboaitl ea bcdanc pcrc cplyls bcdanc eana flbp`atcrsa oibaeoctcbaita easpuïs ea `c oistc`cfoöi ea fcec cplyl, tcbnoïi pcrc prlplrfolicr ectls ea raharaifoc pcrc huturcs oispaffolias.
A`abaitl ea Oispaffoöi (7,3) nrafgc ea eas`ozcboaitl g `udcras) Vö`l cplyls eas`ozcitas - (7,>) nrafgc ea `c oif`oicfoöi oif`oicfoöi s3 `udcras) Vö`l cplyls ncsfu`citas - (7,6) cf`crcboaitl ncrrc duâc s6 saftlras) sl`cbaita duocecs cplyls
^asu`tcels / Lnsarvcfolias (5 QI=
VADQIEL=
EL=
^A=
EL=
^A=
Flif`usoöi= Xc`lr bâiobl 2 (5 QI=
VADQIEL=
Flif`usoöi= Ilrbc` 2 (C + N + F + E) / 5 2 (5 QI=
VADQIEL=
ea Flif`usoöi= C + N 2
EL=
^A=
Flif`usoöi= F + E 2
eas`ozcboaitl -
`ls nrafgc eas`ozcita, g, as a` drlslr ea` bctaroc` eas`ozcita ([UHA / ^LNL®V@OEA) qua puaea varsa easea ui `cel, as eafor, qua sa axtoaiea easea `c p`cfc ea cfarl ai `c qua astã rancmcec. Va o`ustrc c flitoiucfoöi pcrc topls aspafâhofls ea cplyls, parl sa eana baeor pcrc tlels `ls cplyls eas`ozcitas. A` aspcfol ea eas`ozcboaitl eana baeorsa ai `cs fuctrl unofcfolias C, N, F y E flbl sa buastrc ai `c saffoöi glrozlitc` WW. @c nrafgc ea oif`oicfoöi, s3 , ai fuc`quoar `cel ea ui cplyl astã `c eostcifoc vartofc` qua a` cplyl puaea oif`oicr ai asa `cel (as eafor, a` aspcfol vartofc` bâiobl ai asa puitl aitra `cs pcrtas suparolr a oiharolr ea` cplyl). Va o`ustrc c flitoiucfoöi pcrc topls aspafâhofls ea cplyl, parl sa eana baeor pcrc tlels `ls cplyls qua toaiai pcrtas suparolr a oiharolr qua puaeai dorcr aitra sâ c`raeaelr ea ui ama glrozlitc`. A` aspcfol ea oif`oicfoöi eana baeorsa ai `cs fuctrl unofcfolias C, N, F y E flbl sa buastrc ai `c saffoöi glrozlitc` W-W. @c sapcrcfoöi ea `c ncrrc duâc, s6, as `c sapcrcfoöi aitra a` bctaroc` eas`ozcita ai `c ncrrc duâc y su suparhofoa lpuastc. Va o`ustrc c flitoiucfoöi pcrc topls aspafâhofls ea cplyls, parl sa eana baeor pcrc tlels `ls cplyls eas`ozcitas duocels. @c sapcrcfoöi ea `c ncrrc duâc eana baeorsa ai `ls fuctrl saftlras ea` cplyl, C, N, F y E (qua flitoaiai `ls puitls ea baeofoöi C, N, F y E ai `c saffoöi glrozlitc` W-W, raspaftovcbaita).
Vaffoöi glrozlitc` WW
A` eosplsotovl ea baeofoöi (plr amabp`l, ui fc`onrcelr ea aspaslras) eana prlyaftcr c` bails 3; bb ai a` aspcfol ai fcec fcsl. Ai a` fcsl ea s6, a` baeoelr eana axtaiearsa tcitl flbl sac plson`a ai a` aspcfol (oeac`baita tci `amls flbl a` ama ea` cplyl). @c baeofoöi ea `ls aspcfols puaea raquaror `c a`oboicfoöi tabplrc` ea `c prltaffoöi flitrc a` pl`vl.
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
O`ustrcfoöi ea eobaisolias g, V3 y V6= ^AVULI®[LU cspaftls= cspaftls=
^AVULI®Ashïrofl cspaftls=
^AVULI®EOVF cspaftls= cspaftls=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 61
CT 771;
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 68
Vo sa oistc`ci flrraftcbaita, y sa oispaffolici y bcitoaiai ceafucecbaita, sa puaea asparcr qua `ls cplyls bcdanc huifoliai noai eurcita bufgls cóls, flbl `l eabuastrci `ls bo`as ea puaitas y ltrcs astrufturcs ai tlel a` buiel qua yc fuaitci fli cplyls bcdanc. [lr hcvlr parbotc qua `ls cplyls qua oistc`a huifoliai oduc` ea noai.
^AVULI®[LU nacroids Glid Jlid Flivaitoli Faitar, wotg `lces lh up tl >;?,;;; jI li c soid`a nacroid
^AVULI®V[GA^OFC@ nacroids= Urci Ugo @y Nroeda, Xoaticb, acfg fcrryoid `lces lh up tl >1;,;;; jI
^AVULI®[AIEQ@QB saosbof osl`ctlrs= Vtcvrls Iocrfgls Hluiectoli Fu`turc` Faitar, Ctgais, Draafa
Vpafoc` nacroids= Dl`eai Acrs Nroeda, Fcicec. [raflbprassae up`oht nacroids c``lwoid 6.3b blvabaits
^AVULI®EOVF nacroids= Ncierc Tlr`o Vac @oij, Oieoc
@CVUL®N@LFJ nacroids= Lcj`cie Corplrt sgutt`a trcoi, QVC
Bciuc` ea oistc`cfoöi pcrc cplyls Fraö= y cos`celras sâsbofls ^avosö= Cprlvö=
CT 771; FLVQ ^avosoöi = 3; BEA@ Hafgc= 37 Mci >;34 IBAI [cd= 64
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