01-Especificaciones Tecnicas-Refaccionamiento Glorieta de La Plaza Cerro Azul

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

G_[GOL@LONOLBAG_ UGOALON_

FGAGSNILENEG_ >. >.;;

OBA_LE LEG GSNOLB LBA AG_ FGAGSNIG_ Ins Gspgol`lonolbags Uìoalons qug sg laelona, obrrgspbaega ni prbygotb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb gxpg gxpgel elga gatg tg tì tìoa oalob lob y obhpighgatn obhpi ghgatnaeb aeb ib laeloneb ga ibs pinabs rgspgotlvbs. rgspgotlvbs. Ga onsb eg euen, ins laelonolbags laelonolbags eg ibs pinabs, tlgaga prlbrlene sbcrg ins gspgol`lonolbags, n hgabs qug sg laelqug gxpièoltnhgatg ib obatrnrlb ga gi prgsgatg ebouhgatb. Fi Fibr brlg lgtn tn eg in [i [inz nzn n Ogrr Ogrrb b Nzui Nzui‘  ‘ , `b `brh rhna naeb eb pnrt pnrtg g latg latgfr frna natg tg egi egi

Gstns gspgol`lonolbags sba obhpntlcigs oba ins abrhns gstncigolens pbr= -

3.;

Sgfinhgatb Anolbani eg Gel`lonolbags. Hnauni eg Abrhns LULAUGO. Hnauni eg Abrhns eg N_UH. Hnauni eg Abrhns egi NOL. Oÿelfb Giìotrlob egi [grý. Oÿelfb Antlbani Gigotrlo Obeg. Gspgol Gsp gol`lo `lonol nolbag bagss eg ibs `ncrlo `ncrlonat natgs, gs, qug sgn sgna a obaobr obaobrena enatgs tgs oba ib nat natgrl grlbrh brhgat gatg g hgaolbaneb eg onen gspgolnilene.

EGI SG_LEG SG_LEGAUG AUG In gatlene abhcrnrî n ua Lafgalgrb Olvli ÿ Nrqultgotb obigflneb eg gxpgrlgaoln4 gi qug ib rgprgsgat rgprgs gatnrî nrî ga bcrn, bcrn, egclga egclgaeb eb obastn obastntnr tnr gi ouhpil ouhpilhlg hlgatb atb eg ibs rgfinh rgfinhgat gatbs bs y prboge prbogelhl lhlgat gatbs bs obastruotlvbs, nsè obhb in obrrgotn npilonolÿa eg ins abrhns gstncigolens ga gi gxpgelgatg tìoalob y pinabs egi prbygotb.

?.;

EGI [GS_BANI Gi Sgslegatg eg Bcrn egcgrî prgsgatnr ni Laspgotbr eg in Gatlene, in rginolÿa egi pgrsbani qug vn n trncnmnr ga in bcrn, rgsgrvîaebsg gi egrgojb eg pgelr gi onhclb tbtni ÿ pnrolni egi pgrsbani, prb`gslbani b ibs qug n su mulolb y ga gi trnasoursb eg in bcrn eghugstrga lagptltue pnrn egsghpgþnr gi onrfb gaobhgaeneb. Gi Sgslegatg egcgrî nontnr in egtgrhlanolÿa egi Laspgotbr eg in Gatlene y ab pberî lavbonr obhb onusn mustl`lontbrln, pnrn sbiloltnr nhpilnolÿa eg pinzb pnrn in gatrgfn eg bcrn, ib natgrlbrhgatg egsorltb.

5.;

EGI G^WL[B Obhprgaeg in hnqulanrln ilvlnan y/b pgsnen qug latgrvlgag ga in bcrn, nsè obhb gi gqulpb nuxlilnr (jgrrnhlgatns hgabrgs), gto. Gi gqulpb vnrlnrî eg nougreb n in hnfaltue eg in bcrn, pgrb ga tbeb onsb egcg sgr su`lolgatg pnrn qug in bcrn ab su`rn rgtrnsbs ga su gmgouolÿa.

7.;

EG IB_ HNUGSLNIG_ In nequlslolÿa eg ibs hntgrlnigs egcgrî jnogrsg oba in egclen natlolpnolÿa, eg hnagrn qug ab onusg latgr`grgaolns ga in gmgouolÿa eg in bcrn, ÿ qug pbr gi gxogslvb tlghpb eg nihnoganhlgatb egshgmbrg ins prbplgenegs pnrtlouinrgs eg gstbs. Ubebs ibs hntgrlnigs n usnrsg sgrîa eg cugan onilene y eg oba`brhlene oba ins gspgol`lonolbags tìoalons4 ibs qug sg prbvgga ga gavnsgs sgiinebs, y egcgrîa hnatgagrsg ga gstn `brhn jnstn su usb. Gi laspgotbr rgojnznrî gi ghpigb ÿ usb eg ibs hntgrlnigs, ounaeb ab ouhpina oba ins abrhns yn hgaolbanens ÿ oba ins gspgol`lonolbags pnrtlouinrgs eg ibs gighgatbs egstlanebs n in bcrn.

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

G_[GOL@LONOLBAG_ UGOALON_

>.;; BCSN_ [SBPL_LBANIG_ ;>.;> ONSUGI EG LEGAUL@LONOLBA EG IN BCSN EG ?.0; x 3.5; H. EG_OSL[OLßA Gi Onrtgi eg Bcrn egcgrî sgr prgpnrneb eg nougreb n in hgelen= ?.0; h. eg naojb x 3.5; h. eg nitb, laelonaeb oinrnhgatg gi abhcrg egi [rbygotb, sgrî tlpb cnagr oba gstruoturns eg hnegrn, sgfýa sgfýa elsgþb prbpbrolbane prbpbrolbaneb b pbr in hualolpnilen hualolpnilene. e. In uclonolÿa uclonolÿa egi onrtgi sgrî laelonen pbr gi Sgslegatg, ga obbrelanolÿa oba gi Laspgotbr eg Bcrns y/b _upgrvlsbr eg in Hualolpnilene. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî Fibcni (Fic). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen. ;>.;3 OGSOB [GSLHGUSLOB [SBPL_LBANI (IBAN NS[LIIGSN) EG_OSL[OLßA [nrn [nr n g`gotb g`gotbss eg ua negoun negouneb eb egspin egspinznh znhlga lgatb tb eg ibs bcr bcrgrb grbss y hntgrl hntgrlnig nigs, s, sg obastrulrî ua ogrob pgrlhìtrlob prbvlslbani nirgegebr eg in zban eg in fibrlgtn. Gi ogrob pgrlhìtrlob sgrî eg iban nrpliigrn eg 3.7; h. eg niturn, oba pnibs eg guonilptb n onen 7.;; h. eg sgpnrnolÿa. In uclonolÿa eg gstg ogrob sgrî laelonen pbr gi Sgslegatg, ga obbrelanolÿa oba in Hualolpnilene, ab tgaerî uan elstnaoln hgabr eg 5.;; h. n in ièagn eg trncnmb. HGUBEB EG HGELOLBA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî pbr Hgtrb ilagni (Hi.). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî Fibcni (Fic). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen.

3.;; 3.;;

USNCNM NCNMB_ B_ [SGI [SGILH LHLA LANS NSG_ G_

  ;3.;3 EGHBILOLßA EG G_ONIGSN EG_OSL[OLßA pnrtlen sg hnaunigs. rg`lgrg ni trncnmb eghbigrga inszban gsonigrns gxlstgatgs, utlilznaebGstn jgrrnhlgatns Laoiuygagogsnrlb gi nobplb pnrn egi hntgrlni ogronan pnrn su pbstgrlbr gilhlanolÿa. Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî Fibcni (Fic). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen. ;3.;3 [LONEB EG @L_WSN_ GA [INON EG OBAOSGUB (GZUGSLBS G LAUGSLBS) LAUGSLBS) EG_OSL[OLßA Gstn pnrtlen sg rg`lgrg ni trncnmb agogsnrlb pnrn plonr ins `lsurns gxlstgatgs ga in pnrtg gxtgrlbr g latgrlbr eg in pinon ogatrni eg obaorgtb. Gi ploneb egcgrî tgagr Nprbx. 7 oh. eg naojb (3.7 oh. n onen ineb eg in `lsurn), y uan prb`uaelene ab hgabr n 3.7 oh., snivb laelonolÿa gxprgsn egi rgslegatg pbr trntnrsg eg ua ploneb gspgolni b huojb hns prb`uaeb. Ga onsb eg gxpbslolÿa egi nogrb, egcgrî eg prbtgfgrsg lahgelnatnhgatg oba uan igojnen eg nfun oghgatb, prgvln ilhplgzn egi hlshb. Gstn pnrtlen laoiuyg gi nobplb egi hntgrlni, rgsuitnatg egi ploneb, ga zban ogronan pnrn su pbstgrlbr gilhlanolÿa. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî pbr Hgtrb ilagni (Hi.). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen. ;3.;? [LONEB EG @L_WSN_ GA OBIWHAN_ EG OBAOSGUB EG_OSL[OLßA Gstn pnrtlen sg rg`lgrg ni trncnmb agogsnrlb pnrn plonr ins `lsurns ga ins obiuhans eg obaorgtb gxlstgatg. obaorgtb gxlstgatg. Gi ploneb egcgrî egcgrî tgagr nprbxlhnenhg nprbxlhnenhgatg atg 5 oh. eg naojb (3 oh. n onen ineb eg in `lsurn), y uan prb`uaelene ab hgabr n 3.7 oh., snivb laelonolÿa gxprgsn egi rgslegatg pbr trntnrsg eg ua ploneb gspgolni b huojb hns prb`uaeb. Ga onsb eg gxpbslolÿa egi nogrb, egcgrî eg prbtgfgrsg lahgelnatnhgatg oba uan igojnen eg nfun oghgatb, prgvln ilhplgzn egi hlshb. Gstn pnrtlen laoiuyg gi nobplb egi hntgrlni, rgsuitnatg egi ploneb, ga zban ogronan pnrn su pbstgrlbr gilhlanolÿa. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî pbr Hgtrb ilagni (Hi.). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen. ;3.;5 [LONEB EG @L_WSN_ GA PNSNAEN EG OBAOSGUB (GZUGSLBS G LAUGSLBS) EG_OSL[OLßA Gstn pnrtlen sg rg`lgrg ni trncnmb agogsnrlb pnrn plonr ins `lsurns ga in vnrnaen eg obao obaorg rgtb tb gx gxls lstg tgat atg, g, tn tnat atb b ga in ineb eb gx gxtg tgrl rlbr br obhb obhb latg latgrl rlbr br.. Gi plon ploneb eb eg egcg cgrî rî tg tgag agr  r  Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

nprbxlhnenhgatg 5 oh. eg naojb (3 oh. n onen ineb eg in `lsurn), y uan prb`uaelene ab hgabr n 3.7 oh., snivb laelonolÿa gxprgsn egi rgslegatg pbr trntnrsg eg ua ploneb gspgolni b huojb hns prb`uaeb. Ga onsb eg gxpbslolÿa egi nogrb, egcgrî eg prbtgfgrsg lahgelnatnhgatg oba uan igojnen eg nfun oghgatb, prgvln ilhplgzn egi hlshb. Gstn pnrtlen laoiuyg gi nobplb egi hntgrlni, rgsuitnatg egi ploneb, ga zban ogronan pnrn su pbstgrlbr gilhlanolÿa. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî pbr Hgtrb ilagni (Hi.). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen. ;3.;7 [LONEB EG @L_WSN_ GA HWSB EG OBAOSGUB EG_OSL[OLßA Gstn pnrtlen sg rg`lgrg ni trncnmb agogsnrlb pnrn plonr ins `lsurns gxlstgatgs ga gi hurb eg obaorgtb ‟ cnsg eg fibrlgtn. Gi ploneb egcgrî tgagr Nprbx. 7 oh. eg naojb (3.7 oh. n onen ineb eg in `lsurn), y uan prb`uaelene ab hgabr n 3.7 oh., snivb laelonolÿa gxprgsn egi rgslegatg pbr trntnrsg eg ua ploneb gspgolni b huojb hns prb`uaeb. Ga onsb eg gxpbslolÿa egi nogrb, egcgrî eg prbtgfgrsg lahgelnatnhgatg oba uan igojnen eg nfun oghgatb, prgvln ilhplgzn egi hlshb. Gstn pnrtlen laoiuyg gi nobplb egi hntgrlni, rgsuitnatg egi ploneb, ga zban ogronan pnrn su pbstgrlbr gilhlanolÿa. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî pbr Hgtrb ilagni (Hi.). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen. ;3.;0 [LONEB EG OBAUSN]BONIB EG OGHGAUB GA HWSB, [INON \ PNSNAEN EG_OSL[OLßA Gstn Gst n pnrtle pnrtlen n sg rg`lgr rg`lgrg g ni trncnm trncnmb b agogsn agogsnrlb rlb pnrn pnrn plonr plonr tbe tbeb b gi oba obatrn trnzÿo zÿonib nib eg oghgatb gxlstgatg ga gi hurb, pinon y vnrnaen eg obaorgtb. Gi ploneb egcgrî tgagr uan prb`uaelene ab hgabr n > oh. egatrb eg in gstruoturn, pnrn nsgfurnr uan hgmbr nejgrgaoln oba gi obatrnzÿonib augvb n obastrulr. Gstn pnrtlen laoiuyg gi nobplb egi hntgrlni, rgsuitnatg egi ploneb, ga zban ogronan pnrn su pbstgrlbr gilhlanolÿa. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî pbr Hgtrb ilagni (Hi.). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen.

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

;3.;6 SGHBPLEB EG [LAUWSN ([INON, OBIWHAN_, PNSNAEN, HWSB, PLFN_ \ UGOJB) EG_OSL[OLßA Gstn pnrtlen sg rg`lgrg ni trncnmb agogsnrlb pnrn rghbvgr y rnsqugtgnr tben in platurn gxlstgatg ga in pinon, obiuhans, vnrnaen, hurb, vlfns y tgojb eg obaorgtb. [rgvlnhgatg sg npilonrn ua rghbvgebr eg platurn pnrn `noliltnr in rghbolÿa eg platurn y eg gstn hnagrn gi rnsqugtgb sgn hns g`gotlvb. Gstn pnrtlen laoiuyg egigilhlanolÿa. hntgrlni, rgsuitnatg egi rghbvleb y rnsqugtgb eg platurn, ga zban ogronan pnrn gi sunobplb pbstgrlbr HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî Fibcni (Fic.). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen. ;3.;: ILH[LG]N EG G_USWOUWSN EG HNEGSN GZUGSLBS _W[GSLBS EG FIBSLGUN EG_OSL[OLßA Gstn pnrtlen sg rg`lgrg ni trncnmb agogsnrlb pnrn ilhplnr tben in gstruoturn gxtgrlbr eg hnegrn eg in pnrtg supgrlbr eg in Fibrlgtn. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî Fibcni (Fic.). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen. ;3.;< USN]B, ALPGIG_ \ SG[INAUGB EG_OSL[OLßA Gstn pnrtlen sg rg`lgrg rg`lgrg ni trncnmb trncnmb agogsnrlb pnrn trnznr, alvginr y jnstn rgpinatgnr rgpinatgnr sl `ugsg agogsnrlb, rgnilznaeb in hlshn natgs y egspuìs eg gmgoutnens ins pnrtlens qug ib agogsltga, rg`grgaolîaebsg eg hnagrn oinrn eg hbeb qug pgrhltn su igflclilene y eurnolÿa ga gi tlghpb qug eghbrg in obastruoolÿa eg in bcrn. Ibs trncnmbs sgrîa gmgoutnebs ga `brhn hnauni. Eurnatg in obastruoolÿa ab sg nogptnrî ua egsalvgi eg +/- ;.7 oh. oba rgspgotb n ibs alvgigs egtgrhlanebs ga ibs pinabs, snivb btrn laelonolÿa. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa sg g`gotunrî pbr hgtrb ounerneb  ounerneb  (H3.) gmgoutneb. OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen.

?.;; ?.;;

HBPLH BPLHLG LGAU AUB B EG ULG LGS SSN_ SN_ FGAGSNILENEG_ Obhprgaeg in agogsnrlbs alvginolÿa egi tgrrgab (obrtgs y rgiigabs), gxonvnolbags y gilhlanolÿa egi hntgrlni gxogegatg, pnrn negounr gi tgrrgab n ins rnsnatgs gstncigolens ga ins bcrns pbr gmgoutnr.

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

;?.;> SGIIGAB EG N@LSHNEB N@LSHNEB OBH[NOUNEB (CNMB G_ONIGSN) EG_OSL[OLßA Ubebs ibs gspnolbs gxonvnebs y ab boupnebs pbr ins gstruoturns eg`laltlvns, sgrîa egclenhgatg rgiiganebs. Gi hntgrlni eg rgiigab sgrî eg onilene nogptnen pbr in laspgoolÿa, ga gstg onsb sg utlilznrî utlilznrî N`lrhneb N`lrhneb.. Egcgrî Egcgrî gstnr ilcrg eg hntgrlni hntgrlni brfîalob u btrb hntgrlni hntgrlni gxtrnþb y sgrî obiboneb pbr onpns suogslvns ab hnybrgs eg 37 oh. eg gspgsbr onen uan, jnstn nionaznr gi alvgi laeloneb ga ibs pinabs. Gi obhpnotneb sg g`gotunrî ga `brhn hnauni, hgelnatg in utlilznolÿa eg plsÿa. Gstg hntgrlni sgrî obhpnotneb jnstn nionaznr uan egaslene eg onhpb 1 ni Dh. EG_OSL[OLßA Gi hntgrlni qug ab sgn rgqugrleb y gi lanegouneb, egcgrî rghbvgrsg y gilhlanrsg `ugrn eg in bcrn, ga iufnr nutbrlzneb pbr in nutbrlene hualolpni obrrgspbaelgatg, pnrn ab latgr`grlr in gmgouolÿa abrhni eg in bcrn hlshn. In gilhlan gilhlanolÿ olÿa a ga gstg gstg onsb onsb sg g`gotu g`gotunrî nrî utl utlilz ilznae naeb b vbiqugt vbiqugtg g hgelna hgelnatg tg onr onrfuè fuèb b hnauni. Eg sgr gi onsb, sg pberî utlilznr onrfnebr `rbatni, `rbatni, prgvln obbrelanolÿa y nprbcnolÿa eg in Laspgoolÿa. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In hgelolÿa eg gstn pnrtlen sgrî Fibcni (Fic.). OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb tgaerî ga ougatn tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns y eghîs lhprgvlstbs pnrn obhpigtnr in pnrtlen.

5.;;

OBAOSGUB NSHNEB FGAGSNILENEG_ Ins gspgol`lonolbags eg gstg rucrb obrrgspbaega n ins bcrns eg obaorgtb nrhneb, ouyb ouy b elsgþb elsgþb `lfurn `lfurn ga ibs pinabs pinabs eg Gstruo Gstruotur turns ns egi [rb [rbygo ygotb. tb. Obhpig Obhpighga hgatna tna gst gstns ns gspgol`lonolbags ins abtns y egtniigs qug npnrgoga ga ibs pinabs gstruoturnigs, nsè obhb tnhclìa ib gspgol`loneb ga gi Sgfinhgatb Anolbani eg Obastruoolbags y ins Abrhns eg Obaorgtb rg`brzneb (NOL. ?>:-66) y eg in N._.U.H. HNUGSLNIG_ Oghgatb

Gi oghgatb n utlilznrsg sgrî gi [brtinae Ulpb L qug ouhpin oba ins abrhns eg N_UHO >7; LULAUGO ?55-;;?0 y N_HU-O >6 - N_HU-O >>6. Ibs pbrogatnmgs eg sustnaolns egigtìrgns ga in nrgan ab gxogegrîa ibs vnibrgs slfulgatgs= Hntgrlni

 

% [grhlslcig pbr [gsb

Hntgrrln Hntg lnii qu qug g pn pnsn sn in hnii hniin n Arb.3 rb.3;; ;; (N (N_H _HU U O->>6 ->>6)) Iutl Iutltn tns, s, (N_U (N_UH H O->3 O->3?, ?, frnv frnvge gene ne gs gspg pgoè oè`. `. eg ièq. ièq. egas egasb, b,>. >. > 3 7

utlilznen egi obaorgtb sgrî clga ni prbcnrsg hgeIn hgelb lb nrgan eg hniins hni ins stnaen stnpnrn aenre rein hgzoin (N_UH(N_UH-Egs Egslf. lf. O->?0) O->?0), , egcgrî egc grîfrneunen ouhpil ouhpilrr yoba ibs ièhltg ièhpbr  ltgss slfulgatgs= Hniin   Hniin

% qug [nsn

?/: 5 : >0 ?; 7; >;;

>;; ;; 6; - ; - 57 ; - >;

Gi hÿeuib eg `lagzn eg in nrgan gstnrî ga ibs vnibrgs vnibrgs eg 3.7; n 3.?>,  N_UH-O-::, N_UH-O->36. N_UH-O->36. Egcgrî ouhpilr oba ibs slfulgatgs ièhltgs= Hniin   Hniin >.>/3" >‘ >/3" 5" :"

% qug [nsn >;; ;; 37 - 0; >; hîxlhb 7 hîxlhb

Gi nfrgfneb frugsb sgrî obaslegrneb nptb, sl ibs rgsuitnebs eg ins prugcns gstîa egatrb eg ib laeloneb ga ibs rgfinhgatbs rgfinhgatbs rgspgotlvbs. rgspgotlvbs. Gi tnhnþb hîxlhb egi nfrgfneb nfrgfneb frugsb, sg tbhnrî obhb gi vnibr hgabr gatrg ibs slfulgatgs= hgabreg sgpnrnolÿa -- >/7 >/? eg egiinpgrnitg in ibsn gatrg ibs inebs eg ibs gaob`rnebs - ?/5 egi gspnolnhlgatb hèa. b ilcrg gatrg vnrliins ÿ pnqugtgs eg vnrliins Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

Ga gi gigh ghga gatb tbss eg gs gspg pgsb sbrr rgeu rgeuol oleb eb ÿ natg natg in prgs prgsga gaoln oln eg frna frna egas egasle lene ne eg nrhneurn sg pberî rgeuolr gi tnhnþb eg in plgern jnstn bctgagr uan cugan trncnmnclilene egi obaorgtb, slghprg y ounaeb ouhpin oba gi _iuhp ÿ nsgatnhlgatb rgqugrleb y qug in rgslstgaoln egi hlshb sgn in rgqugrlen.  Nogrb

Gi nogrb gs ua hntgrlni bctgaleb eg `uaelolÿa eg nitbs jbrabs, pnrn gi rg`ugrzb eg obaorgtb y pnrn obaorgtb prg - `ntlfneb fgagrnihgatg ibfrneb cnmb ins abrhns N_UH-N-0>7,  N-0>0, ga cnsg n su onrfb eg `iugaoln df/oh3.N-0>64 gibafnolÿa eg 3; oh. hèalhb :%. `y 8 53;; df/oh3. onrfn eg rbturn hèalhb 7,7 (vnrli (vnrliins ins eg nogrb nogrb eg ila ilafbt fbtg g frneb frneb latgrh latgrhgel gelb), b), tgaerî tgaerî obrruf obrrufnol nolbag bagss pnrn pnrn su nejgrgaoln oba gi obaorgtb gi qug egcg ogþlrsg n ib gspgol`loneb ga ins abrhns N_UH-N?;7. Ins vnrliins egcga eg gstnr ilcrgs eg eg`gotbs, ebcigogs y/b ourvns, ab sg pgrhltlrî gi rgebcineb al gaegrgznhlgatb egi nogrb bctgaleb ga cnsg n tbrslbags y btrns `brhns eg trncnmb ga `rèb. c) Ebc bcin ineb eb= Ins vnrliins eg rg`ugrzb sg obrtnrîa y ebcinrîa eg nougreb oba ib elsgþneb ga ibs pinabs4 gi ebcineb egcg jnogrsg ga `rèb, ab sg egcgrî ebcinr alafuan vnrliin pnrolnihgatg ghcgclen ga gi obaorgtb4 ins vnrliins eg y?/:", y 7/:", sg ebcinrîa rnelb hèalhb eg 3 >/3 elîhgtrb y ins vnrliins eg ?/5" >" su>/3" rnelb eg ourvntur ourvnturn n sgrîoba egua ? elîhgtrbs, ab sg pgrhltlrî gi ebcineb al gaegrgznhlgatb eg ins vnrliins ga `brhn tni qug gi hntgrlni sgn enþneb. o) Obib Obibon onol olÿa ÿa= [nrn obibonr gi rg`ugrzb ga su pbslolÿa eg`laltlvn, sgrî obhpigtnhgatg ilhplneb eg tbens ins gsonhns, ÿxlebs sugitbs y eg tben suolgene qug pugen rgeuolr su nejgrgaoln4 y sgrîa nobhbenebs ga ins ibafltuegs y pbslolbags gxnotns sgþninens ga ibs pinabs rgspgtnaeb, ibs gspnolnhlgatbs, rgoucrlhlgatbs, y trnsinpgs laelonebs. Ins vnrliins sg sumgtnrîa y nsgfurnrîa `lrhghgatg ni gaob`rneb pnrn lhpgelr su egspinznhlgatb eurnatg gi vnolneb egi obaorgtb, tbens gstns sgfurlenegs sg gmgoutnrîa oba ninhcrg rgoboleb A½ >0. e) Ghpn Ghpnih ihgs gs= _g gvltnrî gi ghpnihg eg ins cnrrns eg in nrhneurn eg ibsns y vlfns, ga ins zbans eg hîxlhb hîx lhbss gs`ugr gs`ugrzbs zbs.. Ga ibs gighga gighgatbs tbs ga qug jnyn vnrlns vnrlns cnrrns cnrrns ghpn ghpnihn ihnens ens,, sg prbournrî nitgranr ibs ghpnihgs, eg `brhn gi hîxlhb % eg nrhneurn trnsinpnen ab sgn hnybr n 7;%. Ibs ghpnihgs sgrîa tni ibsqug slfulgatgs= Elîhgtrb >/5‘ ?/:‘ >/3‘ 7/:‘

g (h) ;.?; ;.5; ;.7; ;.0;

Ibs naoinmgs eg cnrrns ebcinens n /3‘ 7/:‘

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

g (h) ;.3; ;.37 ;.?;

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

g) [rug [rugcn cnss= Gi obatrntlstn gatrgfnrî ni _upgrvlsbr, ua ogrtl`loneb eg ibs gasnybs rgnilznebs n ibs gspgolhgags egtgrhlanebs ga aýhgrb eg trgs pbr onen 7 tbaginens y eg onen elîhgtrb, ibs qug egcga eg jncgr sleb sbhgtlebs n prugcns eg nougreb n ins abrhns eg N_HU N?6; ga in qug sg laelqug in onrfn eg `iugaoln y onrfn eg rbturn. `)

Ub Ubig igrrna naol oln n= Ins vnrliins pnrn gi rg`ugrzb egi obaorgtb tgaerîa olgrtn tbigrnaoln. 

Ubigrnaoln pnrn su @ncrlonolÿa= n) Ga ibafltue eg obrtg ¾ 3.7 oh. c) [nrn gstrlcbs, gsplrnigs y sbpbrtgs ¾ >.3oh. o) [nrn gi ebcineb ¾ >.3 oh.



Ubigrnaoln pnrn su Obibonolÿa ga Bcrn= n) Obcgrturn eg obaorgtb n in supgr`lolg ¾ 0hh. c) Gspnolnhlgatb gatrg vnrliins ¾ 0hh. o) Pnrliins supgrlbrgs supgrlbrgs ga ibsns y vlfns ¾ 0hh. e) _goolbags eg 3;oh eg prb`uaelene ÿ hgabs ¾ 0hh. g) _goolbags eg + eg 3; oh eg prb`uaelene ¾ >.3 oh. `) _goolbags eg + eg 0; oh eg prb`uaelene ¾ 3.7 oh.

In uclonolÿa eg ins vnrliins egspinznens n hîs eg ua elîhgtrb eg su pbslolÿa b in su`lolgatg pnrn gxogegr n gstn tbigrnaoln, pnrn gvltnr in latgr`grgaoln oba btrns vnrliins eg rg`ugr rg`ugrzb zb obaeul obaeultt ÿ hntgrl hntgrlnig nigss ghpbtr ghpbtrneb nebs, s, gstnrî gstnrî supgel supgeltne tnen n n in nut nutbrl brlzno znolÿa lÿa egi Laspgotbr eg in Bcrn. Gi nogrb pnrn obiuhans qug qugeg gxpugstb ni `lani eg in gmgouolÿa egi prbygotb, egcgrî sgr rgouclgrtb oba uan hgzoin eg nfun oghgatb qug pgrhltn negounen prbtgoolÿa y neghîs egcgrî sgr ouclgrtb oba pnpgi eg cbisn eg oghgatb, pnrn gvltnr su bxlenolÿa jnstn in slfulgatg gtnpn egi prbygotb. Gstns prbtgoolbags egcgrîa sgr gmgoutnens pbr gi obatrntlstn sla obstb nifuab pbr pnrtg eg in gatlene obatrntnatg. Gi Nfun

Gi nfun n ghpignrsg ga in prgpnrnolÿa egi obaorgtb, obaorgtb, ga prlaolplb egcg sgr pbtncig, `rgson, ilhpln, ilcrg eg sustnaolns pgrmuelolnigs obhb nogltgs, îolebs, îionils, snigs hlagrnigs, hntgrlns brfîalons, pnrtèouins eg juhus, `lcrns vgfgtnigs, gto. _g pberî usnr nfun eg pbzb slghprg y ounaeb ouhpin oba ins gxlfgaolns yn nabtnens y qug ab sgna nfuns eurns nabtnens eurns oba obatgalebs obatgalebs eg sui`ntbs. _g pberî usnr nfun ab pbtncig sÿib ounaeb gi prbeuotb eg oucbs eg hbrtgrb prbcnebs n in obhprgslÿa n ibs 6 y 3: eèns ega rgslstgaolns lfunigs ÿ supgrlbrgs supgrlbrgs n nqugiins prgpnrnens oba nfu nfun n pbtncig. [nrn tni g`gotb sg gmgoutnrîa prugcns eg nougreb oba ins abrhns N_UH-O>;; cbisns ib qug `noliltn su obatrbi y `îoli hnagmb. _g lrî usnaeb hnagmb. usnaeb gi oghgatb oghgatb ga gi brega eg iigfnen iigfnen n in bcrn. Ins cbisns cbisns egcga sgr rgogpolbanens oba sus obcgrturns snans, ab sg nogptnrîa cbisns qug iigfug rbtns y ins qug prgsgatna gaeurgolhlgatb ga su supgr`lolg. supgr`lolg. Ins qug egcga obatgagr ua pgsb eg 53.7 df. eg oghgatb onen uan. o) Egi Nogrb= Ubeb gighgatb eg nogrb n usnrsg ga bcrn, ab egcg npbynrsg elrgotnhgatg ga gi plsb, pnrn ib ouni egcg obastrulrsg pnrljugins eg hnegrn eg pbr ib hgabs 3; oh. eg nitb. Gi nogrb egcg nihnoganrsg eg nougreb oba ibs elîhgtrbs eg tni `brhn qug sg pugen elspbagr ga ouniqulgr hbhgatb eg ua egtgrhlaneb elîhgtrb sla tgagr agogslene eg rghbvgr al gmgoutnr trncnmbs gxogslvbs eg sgigoolÿa y hnalpuinolÿa, egcg eg hnatgagrsg ilcrg eg pbivb, ibs egpÿsltbs qug obatgafna frnsns, nogltgs, neltlvbs, egcga eg gstnr  nigmnebs egi îrgn ebaeg sg nihnogan gi nogrb. OBAOSGUB Gi obaorgtb sgrî uan hgzoin eg nfun, oghgatb, nrgan y plgern4 prgpnrnen ga uan hîqulan hgzoinebrn hîqulan hgzoinebrn hgoîalon, hgoîalon, ebsl`l ebsl`loîaebs oîaebsg g gstbs hntgrlnigs hntgrlnigs ga prbpbrolbag prbpbrolbagss agogsnrlns agogsnrlns onpnz eg sgr obibonen sla sgfrgfnolbags, n `la eg ibfrnr ins rgslstgaolns gspgol`lonens uan vgz gaeurgoleb. In `brhn eg pnfb y hgelen sgrî fgagrnihgatg gi vbiuhga vnogneb ga h?. Ebsl`lonolÿa Oba gi bcmgtb eg nionaznr ins rgslstgaolns gstncigolens pnrn ibs el`grgatgs usbs egi obaorgtb, sus gighgatbs egcga sgr ebsl`lonebs ga prbpbrolbags eg nougreb n in onatlene y vbiuhga, ga qug egcg sgr hgzoineb. Gi Obatrntlstn prbpbaerî in ebsl`lonolÿa prbpbrolbanen eg ibs hntgrlnigs, ibs qug egcga sgr ogrtl`lonebs ogrtl`lonebs pbr ua incbrntbrlb incbrntbrlb obhpgtgatg obhpgtgatg y qug jnyn gmgoutneb gmgoutneb ins prugc prugcns ns obrrgspbaelgatgs eg nougreb oba ins abrhns prgsorltns pbr in N_HU, elojn ebsl`lonolÿa egcg sgr ga pgsb.

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

Obaslstgaoln Ins prbpbrolbags eg nrgan, plgern, oghgatb, nfun obavgalgatghgatg hgzoinebs egcg prgsgatnr ua nitb frneb eg trncnmnclilene, sgr pnstbsn n `la eg qug sg latrbeuzon ga ibs îafuibs eg ibs gaob`rnebs, gaob`rnebs, gavbivgr èatgfrnhgatg èatgfrnhgatg ibs rg`ugrzbs, rg`ugrzbs, ab egclìaebsg egclìaebsg prbeuolr sgfrgfnolÿa eg sus obhpbagatgs. Ga in prgpnrnolÿa eg in hgzoin egcg tgagrsg gspgolni ouleneb ga in prbpbrolÿa eg sus obhpba obhpbagat gatgs gs sgna sgna gstbs= gstbs= nrgan, nrgan, plgern plgern,, oghgat oghgatb b y nfun, nfun, slg slgaeb aeb ìstg ìstg ýitlhb ýitlhb gighgatb eg prlhbrelni lhpbrtnaoln. Ga in prgpnrnolÿa egi obaorgtb sg tgaerî gspgolni ouleneb eg hnatgagr in hlshn rginolÿa nfun - oghgatb pnrn qug gstì eg nougreb oba gi _iuhp prgvlstb ga onen tlpb eg obaorgtb obaorg tb n usnrsg4 n hnybr usb eg nfun gs hnybr gi _iuhp y hgabr in rgslstgaoln rgslstgaoln qug sg bctlgag egi obaorgtb. Gi siuhp hîxlhb sgrî eg 5‘. Gs`ugrzb Gi gs`ugrzb eg obhprgslÿa gspgol`loneb egi obaorgtb `'o pnrn onen pbrolÿa eg in gstruoturn laelonen ga ibs pinabs, gstnrî cnsneb ga in `ugrzn eg obhprgslÿa nionaznen n ibs 3: eèns, n hgabs qug sg laelqug btrb tlghpb el`grgatg. Gstn la`brhnolÿa egcgrî laoiulr obhb hèalhb in eghbstrnolÿa eg in oba`brhlene eg onen hgzoin, oba in gspgol`lonolÿa y ibs rgsuitnebs eg tgstlfbs rbtbs ga obhprgslÿa eg nougreb n ins abrhns N_UH O-?> y O-?;% eg tbens ins prugcns ega vnibrgs la`grlbrgs n elojn rgslstgaoln. _g iinhn prugcn ni prbhgelb egi rgsuitneb eg in rgslstgaoln eg trgs tgstlfbs egi hlshb obaorgtb, prbcnebs ga in hlshn bpbrtualene. Gi obstb egi obatrbi eg onilene egi obaorgtb gs pbr ougatn egi obatrntlstn.  N pgsnr eg in nprbcnolÿa egi _upgrvlsbr eg in Bcrn, gi Obatrntlstn sgrî tbtni y gxoiuslvnhgatg rgspbasncig eg obasgrvnr in onilene egi obaorgtb, eg nougreb n ins gspgol`lonolbags. In ebsl`lonolÿa eg ibs hntgrlnigs egcgrî sgr prg`grgatghgatg ga pgsb. Hgzoineb Ibs hntgrl hntgrlnig nigss obavga obavgalga lgatgh tghgat gatg g ebsl`l ebsl`lone onebs bs y prbpbr prbpbrolba olbaneb nebss ga onatle onatleneg negss eg`lalens, egcga sgr rgualebs ga uan sbin hnsn eg onrnotgrèstlons gspgolnigs, gstn bpgrnolÿa egcg rgnilznrsg ga uan hgzoinebrn hgoîalon. Gi Obatrntlstn egcgrî prbvggr gi gqulpb nprbplneb ni vbiuhga eg in bcrn n gmgoutnr y sbiloltnr in nprbcnolÿa egi Laspgotbr eg in Bcrn. In onatlene gspgol`lone gspgol`lonen n eg nfrgfnebs nfrgfnebs qug egcga hgzoinrsg, hgzoinrsg, sgrî obibonen obibonen ga gi tnhcbr eg in hgzoinebrn ounaeb yn sg jnyn vgrtleb ga gstn pbr ib hgabs gi >;% egi nfun ebsl`lonen, gi rgstb sg obibonrî ga gi trnasoursb eg ibs 37 % egi tlghpb eg hgzoineb. Egcg eg tgagrsg nebsneb n in hgzoinebrn lastruhgatbs eg obatrbi obatrbi tnatb pnrn vgrl`lonr gi tlghpb eg hgzoineb y vgrl`lonr in onatlene eg nfun vgrtlen ga gi tnhcbr. Ga onsb eg in nelolÿa eg nehlsturn y/b neltlvbs, gstbs sgrîa laobrpbrnebs obhb sbiuolÿa ghpignaeb gi slstghn eg ebsl`lonolÿa y gatrgfn rgobhgaeneb pbr gi `ncrlonatg. Gi obaorg obaorgtb tb obatga obatgaleb leb ga gi tnhcbr tnhcbr egcg egcg sgr utl utlilz ilzneb neb èat èatgfr gfrnhg nhgatg atg sl juclgr juclgrn n sbcrnatg sbcrna tg gstg sg egsgojnrî egsgojnrî egclgaeb ilhplnrsg gi latgrlbr latgrlbr egi tnhcbr4 tnhcbr4 ab pgrhltlìaebsg pgrhltlìaebsg qug gi obaorgtb sg gaeurgzon ga su latgrlbr. In hgzoinebrn egcg sgr hnatgalen ilhpln. Ins pnigtns latgrlbrgs eg tnhcbr egcgrîa sgr rgghpinznens ounaeb jnyn pgreleb >;% eg su prb`uaelene. Gi obaorgtb obaorgt sgrî hgzoineb sÿib usbsleb lahgelntb. lahgel ntb. Ouniqulgr Ouniq obaorg obaorgtb tbNsè qug jnyn obhgazneb n bgaeurgogr b `rnfunr slapnrn jncgr ghpigneb sgrîulgr gilhlaneb. hlshb,

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

sg gilhlanrî tbeb obaorgtb ni qug sg ig jnyn nþneleb nfun pbstgrlbrhgatg n su hgzoineb sla nprbcnolÿa gspgoè`lon egi _upgrvlsbr eg in Bcrn. Obiboneb y ourneb  Natgs eg lalolnr in bpgrnolÿa eg obibonolÿa egi obaorgtb, gi obatrntlstn egcg obhualonrib n in laspgoolÿa, n `la eg qug ghltn gi pnsg b nutbrlznolÿa rgspgotlvn egi gaob`rneb gaob`r neb y eg in nrhneurn, in obibonolÿa obibonolÿa egcg egcg sgr obatlau obatlaun n y `iulen. _g ghpignrî ghpignrî vlcrnebr giìotrlob b fnsbilagrb pnrn in obhpnotnolÿa egi hlshb, ab sg ghpignrî gi vlcrnebr pnrn hbvgr gi obaorgtb eg ua puatb n btrb. Ab sg pgrhltlrî in sbcrgvlcrnolÿa, gi tlghpb eg vlcrnolÿa sgrî eg 7 n >7 sgfuaebs ga onen puatb. Gi ourneb sg lalolnrî ib hns prbatb pbslcig egspuìs egi iiganeb y hnatgaleb pbr >3 eèns, gi ourneb sg g`gotunrî oba nfun pbtncig, n trnvìs eg, nrrbogrns, gto. GAOB@SNEB_ Ibs gaob`rnebs sba `brhns qug pugega sgr eg hnegrn, nogrb, `lcrn norèilon, gto., ouyb bcmgtb prlaolpni gs obatgagr gi obaorgtb eîaebig in `brhn rgqugrlen egclgaeb gstnr eg nougreb oba ib gspgol`loneb ga ins abrhns eg NOL-?56-0:. In ualene eg hgelen gs gi h3. y gi pnfb sg jnrî pbr h3. gaob`rneb. _nivb laelono _nivb laelonolÿa lÿa obatrn obatrnrln rln,, ibs gaob`r gaob`rneb nebss sba abr abrhni hnigs, gs, gs egolr egolr qug ab sba onrnvlstn. onrnvl stn. Gstbs egcga tgagr in onpnolene onpnolene su`lolgatg pnrn rgslstlr in prgslÿa prgslÿa rgsuitnatg rgsuitnatg eg in obibon obibonolÿ olÿa a y vlc vlcrne rneb b egi obaorg obaorgtb tb y in su` su`lolg lolgatg atg rlf rlfleg legzz pnrn pnrn hnatga hnatgagr gr ins tbi tbigrn grnaol aolns ns gspgol`lonens. Ibs obrtgs egi tgrrgab ab egcga sgr usnebs obhb gaob`rnebs pnrn supgr`lolgs vgrtlonigs n hgabs qug sgn rgqugrleb b pgrhltleb. Gi gaob`rneb sgrî elsgþneb pnrn rgslstlr rgslstlr oba sgfurlene sgfurlene tbens ins onrfns lhpugstns pbr su prbplb pgsb, gi pgsb y ghpumg egi obaorgtb obaorgtb y uan sbcrgonrfn sbcrgonrfn eg iiganeb iiganeb ab la`grlbr la`grlbr n 3;; Df./oh3. In eg`brhnolÿa hîxlhn gatrg gighgatbs eg sbpbrtg egcg sgr hgabr eg >/35; eg in iuz gatrg ibs hlghcrbs gstruoturnigs. Ins `brhns egcgrîa sgr jgrhìtlons pnrn prgvgalr in `litrnolÿa egi hbrtgrb y sgrîa egclenhgatg nrrlbstrnens b ilfnens gatrg sè eg hnagrn qug sg hnatgafna ga in pbslolÿa y `brhn egsgnen oba sgfurlene. Gi tnhnþb y elstnaolnhlgatb b gspnolneb eg ibs plgs egrgojbs y inrfugrbs egcgrî sgr  egtgrhlaneb pbr in anturnigzn egi trncnmb y in niturn egi obaorgtb n vnolnrsg, qugenaeb n orltgrlb egi Laspgotbr ÿ _upgrvlsbr elojbs tnhnþbs y gspnolnhlgatb. Lahgelntnhgatg egspuìs eg qultnr ins `brhns, in supgr`lolg eg obaorgtb egcgrî sgr gxnhlanen oulenebsnhgatg y ouniqulgr lrrgfuinrlene egcgrî sgr trntnen obhb bregag gi Laspgotbr. Ins prbpbrolbags eg obaorgtb oba onafrgmgrns egcgrîa plonrsg ga in gxtgaslÿa qug ncnrqu ncn rquga ga tni tnigs gs eg`got eg`gotbs bs y gi gspnol gspnolb b rgiiga rgiiganeb neb b rgsnan rgsnaneb eb oba obaorg obaorgtb tb b hbrtgr hbrtgrb b y tgrhlaneb eg tni hnagrn qug sg bctgafn uan supgr`lolg eg tgxturn slhlinr n in egi obaorgtb olrouaenatg olroua enatg.. Ab sg pgrhltlrî pgrhltlrî gi rgsnag rgsnag cureb cureb eg tnigs eg`gotb eg`gotbs. s. _l in onafrgmgr onafrgmgrn n gs huy frnaeg qug n`gotn in rgslstgaoln egi gighgatb, egcgrî sgr rgobastruleb n obstb egi obatrntlstn. Gi elsgþb, obastruoolÿa, hnatgalhlgatb, egsgaob`rneb y nihnoganhlgatb sba eg gxoiuslvn rgspbasnclilene egi Obatrntlstn. Ubigrnaoln Ga in gmgouolÿa eg ins `brhns gmgoutnens pnrn gi gaob`rneb, ab slghprg sg bctlgaga ins elhgaslbags gxnotns pbr ib qug sg jn prgvlstb uan olgrtn tbigrnaoln, gstb ab qulgrg egolr qug egcga usnrsg ga `brhn fgagrnilznen. Ubigrnaoln Nehlslcigs=

 N) Olhlgatbs= Ga pinatn eg 0 hh. n >7 hh. gxogatrlolene 3% egi naojb pgrb ab hîs eg 7 oh., rgeuoolÿa ga gi gspgsbr 7% eg ib gspgol`loneb.

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

C) Obiuhans, Hurbs, Ibsns= Ga ins elhgaslbags trnasvgrsnigs eg sgoolbags eg 0 hh. n >.3 oh. O) Pgrtlonilene= Ga ins supgr`lolgs eg obiuhans, hurbs, pinons= jnstn ? hts. 0 hh. jnstn 0 hts. > oh. jnstn >3 hts. 3 oh. E) Ga frnelgatgs eg plsbs b alvgigs, plsb tgrhlaneb ga nhcbs sgatlebs ¾ 0 hh. Egsgaob`rneb [nrn iigvnr n oncb gi egsgaob`rneb eg ins `brhns, sg egcga tbhnr prgonuolbags ins qug egclenhgatg bcsgrvnens ga su gmgouolÿa egcga crlaenr ua cuga rgsuitneb4 ins prgonuolbags n tbhnrsg sba=  N) Ab egsgaob`rnr jnstn qug gi obaorgtb sg jnyn gaeurgoleb ib su`lolgatg, pnrn qug oba in inss bpgr bpgrno nolb lbag agss pgrt pgrtla laga gatg tgss ab su`r su`rn n egsf egsfnr nrrn rnhl hlga gatb tbss ga su gstr gstruo uotu turn rn al eg`brhnolbags. C) Ins `brhn `brhnss ab egcga egcga eg rghbv rghbvgrs grsg g sla in nutbr nutbrlzn lznolÿ olÿa a egi Las Laspgo pgotbr tbr,, egclgae egclgaeb b qugenr gi tlghpb agogsnrlb pnrn qug gi obaorgtb bctgafn in eurgzn obavgalgatg, sg ena nifuabs tlghpbs eg pbslcig egsgaob`rneb. - Obstneb eg olhlgatbs y hurbs 35 jbrns - Obstneb eg obiuhans y vlfns 35 jbrns - @baeb eg vlfns y nilfgrneb, - Ibsns y gsonigrns >5 eèns ÿ ounaeb gi obaorgtb   nionaog gi 0;% egi `“o gspgol`loneb Ounaeb sg jnyn nuhgatneb in rgslstgaoln egi obaorgtb pbr elsgþb eg hgzoin ÿ laobrpbrnolÿa eg neltlvbs, gi tlghpb eg pgrhnagaoln egi gaob`rneb pberî sgr hgabr  prgvln nprbcnolÿa egi Lafgalgrb b Nrqultgotb Laspgotbr. GA_N\B EG ONSFN Ounaeb gxlstna obaelolbags ga qug sg prbeuzona euens nogron eg in sgfurlene eg in gstruoturn b pnrtg eg giin, b ounaeb gi prbhgelb eg prbcgtns gasnynens obrrgspbaelgatgs n egtgrhlanen pnrtg eg in gstruoturn eg rgslstgaoln la`grlbr n in gspgol`lonen, sg jnrîa gasnybs eg onrfn ga ouniqulgr pbrolÿa eg in gstruoturn, pnrn giib sg tgaerî ga ougatn ib laeloneb ga gi Sgfinhgatb Anolbani eg Gel`lonolbags.

7.;; HBSUGSB G_[GOLNI ;7.;> HBSUGSB OBA NELULPB G[BZLOB [NSN SGIIGAB EG @L_WSN_ FGAGSNILENEG_ _g npilonrî hbrtgrb gpÿxlob pnrn gi rgiigab eg `lsurns eg hurb, pinon, obiuhans, y vnrnaen, gstg hbrtgrb gstnrî obastltuleb pbr in hgzoin eg [biygpbx ’B‘ Walvgrsni y nrgan `lan ga prbpbrolÿa > rgslan=3.7 nrgan, tni y obhb sg laelon ga hnybr egtniig ga in egsorlpolÿa, gincbrnolÿa y npilonolÿa egi [biygpbx ’B‘ Walvgrsni. [biygpbx ’B‘ Walvgrsni EG_OSL[OLBA Gs ua sl slst stgh ghn n gpÿx gpÿxlo lob b eg ebs ebs obhp obhpba baga gatg tgss eg nitn nitn nejg nejgrg rgao aoln ln y gigv gigvne nens ns rgslstgaolns hgoîalons, qug nsgfurn uan pgr`gotn ualÿa gatrg gi obaorgtb `rgsob y obaorgtb gaeurgoleb. [SB[LGENEG_  Nsgfurn uan ualÿa hbabiètlon gatrg obaorgtbs eg elstlatn gene.

-

--

 Nitn in juhgene y n`lgrrb, ibs ntnqugs quèhlobs.  Nitn rgslstgaoln nejgrgaoln nsbcrg obaorgtb, nogrb, [PO, plgern, hnegrn, `lcrboghgatb y btrbs. plgern, @îoli eg npilonr.

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

W_B_ SGINOLBANEB_ OBA IN [SG_GAUG BCSN Obhb pugatg eg nejgrgaoln gatrg obaorgtb `rgsob y gaeurgoleb. Walÿa eg prg-`ncrlonolÿa eg obaorgtb. [nrn rgpnrnolÿa eg frlgtns eg vbiuhga ga gighgatbs gstruoturnigs. [nrn pgfnr hurbs eg inerliib pbrtnatgs qug jnyna su`rleb rnmneurns. ONSNOUGSL_ULON_ @L_LOB-^WLHLON_ ONSNOUGSL_ULON_ [g = ;. jbrn (n 37 ½O) Ughpgrnturn eg npilnoolÿa = >;½O n 7;½O G`gotbs `lslbiÿflobs = Wtlilog gighgatbs eg sgfurlene tnigs obhb= funatgs eg fbhn, fn`ns prbtgotbrns y hnsonrliins. Invg oba ncuaenatg ncuaenatg nfun ga onsb eg sniplonr n in plgi b n ibs bmbs. ONSNOUGSL_ULON_ UÌOALON_ Sgslstgaolns hg hgoî oîa alon onss  N in obhprgslÿa  N in `igxbtrnoolÿa  Nejgrgaoln ni jbrhlfÿa

=I In ns rrg gslstgaolns ÿp ÿptlhns ssg gn niionazna n iib bs 6 e eèèns = 0;; n 67; Df/oh3 = ?;; n ?7; Df/oh3 = 7; n 0; Df/oh3

HBEB EG GH[IGB = [rgpnrnolÿa eg in supgr`lolg=

Ilhplnr y sgonr in supgr`lolg gilhlanaeb tbeb pbivb, frnsn, platurn y nogltg eg in supgr`lolg, egmnaeb sÿib ib qug gstî gstruoturnihgatg snab. Wan vgz ilhpln sg rgobhlgaen sbpigtgnr oba nlrg obhprlhleb GINCBSNOLBA = Obhb pugatg eg nejgrgaoln=

Hgzoinr nhcbs obhpbagatgs ga prbpbrolÿa ?=> ga vbiuhga, puelgaeb nuhgatnr in pnrtg C (?=3) ga oilhns `rèbs sl sg rgqulgrg elshlaulr gi tlghpb eg `rnfun. Cntlr clga nhcns pnrtgs pbr  gspnolb eg >7 hlautbs prg`grgatghgatg oba ua tninerb eg cnmn vgibolene ?7; S[H Nprbx. oba nspns b pnigtns. Egmnr Egmnr rgpbsnr uabs uabs hlautbs pnrn gilhlanr gilhlanr ins curcumns natgs natgs eg npilonr. Gi obibr eg ins pnrtgs cntlens egcg sgr ual`brhg, ga alafýa onsb nfrgfug sbivgatg. Obhb hbrtgrb gpÿxlob=

_g prbogeg egi hlshb hbeb qug gi natgrlbr. Wan vgz prgpnrnen in rgslan sg ig nfrgfn nrgan eg ounrzb b nrgan obhýa ilhpln y sgon eg nougreb n in slfulgatg prbpbrolÿa= [br vbiuhga > rgslan = 3.7 nrgan eg ounrzb b nrgan obhýa ilhpln y sgon _g nfrgfn in nrgan pbob n pbob n in rgslan prgvlnhgatg cntlen, jnstn ibfrnr uan hgzoin jbhbfìagn.  N[ILONOLßA = -  Npilonr gi [biygpbx ’B‘ Walvgrsni purb obhb pugatg eg nejgrgaoln oba uan crbojn jnstn oucrlr clga in supgr`lolg eg obatnotb. Gi gspgsbr eg in onpn egcg sgr nprbxlhnenhgatg eg >hh., egpgaelgaeb eg in rufbslene. In npilonolÿa egi hbrtgrb gpÿxlob egcg jnogrsg oba gspîtuin, trntnaeb eg rgiiganr in tbtnilene egi gspnolb, prgslbanaeb pnrn ibfrnr ua cuga obatnotb. PLEN EG NIHNOGANHLGAUB = Wa nþb hèalhb ga su gavnsg brlflani, ogrrneb, ga nihnoìa sbhcrgneb, vgatlineb y `rgsob. SGAELHLGAUB = [br fniÿa= eg 7 ‟ : h3. ÿ eg 5; n :; hi. egpgaelgaeb egi frbsbr y prb`uaelene n rgiiganr. [SG_GAUNOLBAG_= ;> FNIBA [nrtg ’N‘ ?/5 Fniÿa [nrtg ’C‘ >/5 Fniÿa

>/5 FNIBA [nrtg ’N‘ ?/>0 Fniÿa [nrtg ’N‘ >/>0 Fniÿa

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In ualene eg hgelen y `brhn eg pnfb sgrî pbr hgtrb ilagni (Hi) eg npilonolÿa oba [biygpbx ’B‘ Walvgrsni purb y rgiiganen oba hbrtgrb gpÿxlob ga in onvlene eg in `lsurn plonen. OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb pnfb sg g` g`go gotu tunr nrî î ni prgo prgolb lb ualt ualtnr nrlb lb egi egi prgs prgsup upug ugst stb b ga hg hgtr trbs bs ilag ilagni nigs gs gatgaelìaebsg qug elojb prgolb obastltuyg in obhpgasnolÿa tbtni pbr tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns hntgrlnigs g lhprgvlstbs agogsnrlbs pnrn in gmgouolÿa egi trncnmb.

0.;; [L_B_ \ [NPLHGAUB_ ;0.;> [L_B OGSNHLOB OBIBS UL[B [LGESN EG ?;Z?; OH. (LAOIW\G G_ONIGSN) EG_OSL[OLßA _g ghpignrîa cniebsns ogrîhlons eg ?;x?;oh. eg nitb trîasltb, sgrîa eg cugan onilene, ab sg nogptnrîa ins plgzns qug ab prgsgatga gi gshnitneb obhpigtb, ins nincgnens, ins plgzns ouyns hgelens vnrèga ga ounatb ni gspgsbr ga hîs eg 3hh., y ga ins onrns ga hîs eg 3hh. Gi obibr y tgxturn sgrî egtgrhlan egtgrhlanen en pbr gi Sgslegatg ga obbrelanolÿa obbrelanolÿa oba gi Laspgotbr, egclìaebsg obasgrvnr uan tgxturn y obibr slhlinr ni plsb gxlstgatg. Egcg tgagrsg ga ougatn qug pnrn in obibonolÿa, sg lastniga plgzns eg ua hlshb ibtg, pnrn gvltnr vnrlnolbags eg obibr y hgelens. Ins cniebsns sgrîa rghbmnens pbr ib hgabs 35 jbrns natgs eg su obibonolÿa. Gi hbrtgrb eg nsgatneb sgrî eg >=>, oghgatb y nrgan `lan, puelgaeb nogptnrsg gi usb eg oghgatb puzÿinalob. _g npilonrî uan onpn ebcig eg hbrtgrb pnrn nsgfurnr uan hgmbr  nejgrgaoln egi augvb plsb oba gi gxlstgatg. Gi plsb sgrî juhgegoleb y ilhplneb natgs egi nsgatneb, y in `rnfun sgrî oba oghgatb y pgfnhgatb n eg`lalr ga bcrn. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In ualene eg hgelen y `brhn eg pnfb sgrî ga hgtrbs ounernebs (h3) eg plsb eg ogrîhlob obiboneb. OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb pnfb sg g`gotu g`gotunrî nrî ni prgolb prgolb ual ualtnr tnrlb lb egi prgsup prgsupugs ugstb tb ga hgtrbs hgtrbs ounern ounernebs ebs gatgaelìaebsg qug elojb prgolb obastltuyg in obhpgasnolÿa tbtni pbr tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns hntgrlnigs g lhprgvlstbs agogsnrlbs pnrn in gmgouolÿa egi trncnmb.

6.;; OBAUSN]BONIB_ FGAGSNILENEG_ Gs gi rghntg eg in pnrtg la`grlbr egi zÿonib qug vn obatrn gstg. Gi obatrnzÿonib tbhn gi abhcrg eg zÿonib ounaeb gi tnrrnmgb, nvnazn jnstn hîs b hgabs ;.7; h. egi plsb tgrhlaneb. Oghgatb Egcgrî sntls`nogr ins abrhns LULAUGO pnrn [brtinae y/b in abrhn N_UH->7; tlpb >. Nrgan @lan In nrgan `lan qug sg ghpignrî ghpignrî ab egcgrî sgr nroliibsn. nroliibsn. _grî invnen, invnen, ilhpln y clga frneunen, oinsl`lonen frneunen, oinsl`lonen ual`brhghgat ual`brhghgatg g egseg `lan n frugsn. frugsn. Gstnrî Gstnrî ilcrg eg pnrtèouins eg nroliin, hntgrlns brfîalons, sniltrg y btrns sustnaolns quèhlons. Gi obatgaleb hîxlhb eg nroliin b lhpurgzn sgrî eg 7%. Ounaeb in nrgan gstì sgon, pnsnrî in orlcn A½:4 ab hîs eg :;% pnsnrî A½ >;;. in orlcn A½ ?;4 ab hîs eg 3;% pnsnrî in orlcn A½ 7; y ab hîs eg 7% pnsnrî in orlcn

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

_l sg qulgrg jnogr gi orlcneb ga uan sbin hniin, tben in nrgan `lan, gstnaeb sgon, egcgrî pnsnr pbr in hniin W._. _tnaenre A½ :. 6.;>

OBAUSN]ßONIB EG OGHGAUB OBH EGUNIIG NS^WLUGOUßALOB EG_OSL[OLßA [rbogelhlgatb eg gmgouolÿa Ibs obatrnzÿonibs eg oghgatb sg gmgoutnrîa egspuìs egi tnrrnmgb eg ins pnrgegs y natgs eg ibs plsbs eg oghgatb. Gs gstg onsb sg egcgrî sgfulr gi egtniig nrqultgotÿalob sgþnineb ga pinab, gi ouni sgrî slhlinr ni gxlstgatg. _g ghpignrî uan tnrrnmn tnrrnmn eg hnegrn oba `lib eg pinaojn eg nogrb nogrb,, qug obrrgrî obrrgrî sbcrg fuèns eg hnegrn gafrnsnen, uan obibonen ga in pnrge y btrn ga gi plsb, pgr`gotnhgatg alvginens y ga sus pibhbs rgspgotlvbs ga oblaolegaoln oba gi alvgi egi plsb tgrhlaneb qug sg gmgoutnrî pbstgrlbrhgatg. _g g`gotunrî ga prlhgr iufnr ua pnþgtgb oba hbrtgrb ga gi hurb sgob sbcrg gi qug sg obrrgr obr rgrî î uan tnrrnmn tnrrnmn ouyb ouyb pgr`li pgr`li gstnrî gstnrî ;.7 oh. hîs prb`uaeb prb`uaeb qug gi pgr pgr`li `li eg`lal eg`laltlv tlvb b egi obatrnzÿoni obatr nzÿonib. b. [bstgrlbrhg [bstgrlbrhgatg atg egspuìs eg qug obhlgaog gi gaeurgolhlgatb gaeurgolhlgatb egi pnþgtgb sg npilonrî in onpn eg hbrtgrb pnrn gi noncneb `lani, sbcrg gi qug sg obibonrî in tnrrnmn eg`laltlvn, trntnaeb eg obhpnotnr in hgzoin. Gi tgrhlaneb `lani sg jnrî oba iinan hgtîilon nprbplnen, rgiiganaeb ibs jugobs qug puelgrna jncgr qugeneb y rgsnaneb tbeb pgr`gotnhgatg sla nitgrnr  gi pgr`li egi obatrnzÿonib.  N ibs zÿonibs eg oghgatb puileb sg nfrgfnrî gi oghgatb purb agogsnrlb pnrn qug in supgr`lolg uan vgz trntnen oba iinan hgtîilon sg prgsgatg ga `brhn ilsn. Ourneb Egspuìs qug in onpn `lani jnyn obhgazneb n `rnfunr sg rgtlrnrîa oba ouleneb ins fuèns eg hnegrn y sg g`gotunrî ua ourneb oba nfun puivgrlznen eurnatg 7 eèns pbr ib hgabs. Unhclìa pberî ghpignrsg pnrn gi ourneb ua nfgatg ournebr ouyn prbogegaoln jnyn sleb nprbcnen, qug sg egcgrî npilonr slfulgaeb ins rgobhgaenolbags egi `ncrlonatg. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In ualene eg hgelen y `brhn eg pnfb sgrî pbr Hgtrb ilagni (Hi.) eg obatrnzÿonib. OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb pnfb sg g` g`go gotu tunr nrî î ni prgo prgolb lb ualt ualtnr nrlb lb egi egi prgs prgsup upug ugst stb b ga hg hgtr trbs bs ilag ilagni nigs gs gatgaelìaebsg qug elojb prgolb obastltuyg in obhpgasnolÿa tbtni pbr tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns, hntgrlnigs g lhprgvlstbs agogsnrlbs pnrn in gmgouolÿa egi trncnmb.

:.;; ONS[LAUGSÈN HGUÎILON FGAGSNILENEG_ Gstg rucrb obhprgaeg ibs trncnmbs qug sg gmgoutna oba gighgatbs hgtîilobs qug ab tgafna `uaolÿa tgafna `uaolÿa gstruo gstruotur turni ni rgslst rgslstgat gatg. g. Cnmb Cnmb gi oba obatgx tgxtb tb eg onrpla onrplatgr tgrèn èn hgtîil hgtîilon, on, gstîa obhprg obh prgael aelens ens in pugrtn pugrtn hgtîilo hgtîilon n y gstruo gstruotur turns ns slhlin slhlinrgs rgs qug sg gmgout gmgoutna na oba pgr`li pgr`ligs gs gspgolnigs, gspgol nigs, cnrrns, cnrrns, pinaojns, pinaojns, pintlans, gto. Ga gstn pnrtlen gstî laoiulen laoiulen in ogrrneurn, ogrrneurn, in ogrrnmgrèn y in platurn. Hntgrlni Ibs gighgatbs gighgatbs n utlilznrsg sgrîa pgr`ligs, pgr`ligs, cnrrns, cnrrns, tucbs, pintlans pintlans y pinaojns pinaojns ouyns elhgaslbags elhgas lbags gstîa gspgol`lone gspgol`lonens ns ga ibs pinabs rgspgotlvbs. rgspgotlvbs. Ins cnrrns, pgr`ligs, pgr`ligs, tucbs y pinaoj pinaojns ns sgrîa sgrîa rgotbs rgotbs,, ils ilsbs, bs, sla ebcine ebcineurn urns, s, ncbiin ncbiineur eurns ns al bxleno bxlenolba lbags, gs, eg `br `brhns hns fgbhìtrlons clga eg`lalens.  

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

In gmgouolÿa eg in onrplatgrèn egcg sgr prbilmn, gvltnaeb ins muatns oba eg`gotbs eg obrtg gatrg btrbs. _bieneurns In sbieneurn n ghpignrsg ghpignrsg gstnrî eg nougreb nougreb oba ins gspgol`lonolbags gspgol`lonolbags enens pbr gi `ncrlonatg, tnatb ga prb`uaelene `ncrlonatg, prb`uaelene obhb ga `brhn y ibafltue ibafltue eg npilonolÿa. npilonolÿa. Wan vgz gmgoutnen gmgoutnen gstn, egcgrî sgr gshgrlinen pnrn qug prgsgatg ua noncneb oba supgr`lolg ual`brhg. Ga gi onsb eg trncnmbs oba pinaojn egifnen pberî usnrsg sbieneurn giìotrlon egi tlpb eg "puatb". Urncnmbs Obhprgaelebs Gi Obatrntlstn egcgrî gmgoutnr tbebs ibs trncnmbs eg onrplatgrèn eg `lgrrb qug sg gaougatrna laelonebs y/b egtniinebs ga ibs pinabs, nsè obhb tbebs ibs trncnmbs qug sgna agogsnrlbs pnrn obhpigtnr gi [rbygotb. @ncrlonolÿa In onrplatgrèn eg `lgrrb sgrî gmgoutnen pbr bpgrnrlbs gxpgrtbs, ga ua tniigr prbvlstb eg ins jgrrnhlgatns y gqulpbs pnrn obrtnr, ebcinr, sbienr, gshgrlinr, nrganr, puilr, gto. qug nsgfurga ua pgr`gotb noncneb eg nougreb n in hgmbr prîotlon laeustrlni eg notunilene. Ibs gaougatrbs y gasnhcigs sgrîa gxnotbs, eg nougreb oba ib laeloneb ga ibs pinabs eg egtniigs. In ogrrnmgrèn ogrrnmgrèn sgrî obibonen obibonen ga gi tniigr, ga tbebs ibs onsbs onsbs ga qug sgn pbslcig. Ga onsb obatrnrlb egcgrîa jnogrsg ga gi tniigr ibs trncnmbs prgpnrntbrlbs, sbienr ins plgzns nuxlilnrgs rgqugrlens y gmgoutnr ibs jugobs, rgobrtgs, rgcnmbs y hugsons qug sgna agogsnrlbs. Naoinmgs Ibs pinabs hugstrna pbr ib fgagrni sbinhgatg ibs rgqugrlhlgatbs nrqultgotÿalobs, slgaeb eg rgspbasnclilene egi Obatrntlstn eg prbvggr in obibonolÿa eg naoinmgs y pintlans ghpbtrnens ga in nicnþligrèn, ounaeb ab sg laelona ga ibs pinabs egstlanens n sbienr ibs hnrobs, nsè obhb ouniqulgr btrb gighgatb eg sumgolÿa pnrn fnrnatlznr in pgr`gotn gstnclilene y sgfurlene eg ins plgzns qug sg hbatga. Gshgrlineb Ibs gaougatrbs gaougatrbs jgojbs oba sbieneurn sgrîa oulene oulenebsnhg bsnhgatg atg gshgrlinebs gshgrlinebs pnrn rgoupgrnr uan supgr`lolg ilsn y pgr`gotn ga gi ghpnihg. [laturn _g npilonrî in platurn natlobrrbslvn y platurn gshnitg obibr agfrb, eg in oinsg y ga in `brhn laelonen ga in gspgol`lonolÿa. Urnaspbrtg y Nihnoganhlgatb Gi trnaspbrtg eg ins plgzns gasnhcinens n in bcrn, su hnalpuigb y pbstgrlbr trnsineb ni sltlb ga qug sgrîa obibonens, egcgrî jnogrsg oba tben oinsg eg prgonuolbags. Gi nihnoganhlgatb tghpbrni egatrb eg in bcrn egcgrî rgnilznrsg ga ua sltlb sgob, prbtgfleb egi trîasltb prbtgfleb trîasltb eg pgrsbans pgrsbans y gqulpbs, gqulpbs, igvnatnae igvnatnaeb b ins plgzns sbcrg gi plsb pbr hgelb eg ounrtbags eg hnegrn, pnrn gvltnr ins obasgougaolns eg gvgatunigs nalgfbs.

.

In platurn platurn ab egcgrî egcgrî prgsga prgsgatnr tnr ua nsgatnh nsgatnhlga lgatb tb gxog gxogslvb slvb ga su rgolplg rgolplgatg atg ncl nclgrt grtb, b, y egcgrî sgr `îolihgatg rgelspgrsnen oba uan pnigtn jnstn nionaznr ua gstneb sunvg y jbhbfìagb. In platurn ab egcgr hbstrnr gafruhgolhlgatb, obafiutlhlgatb al sgpnrnolÿa egi obibr, y egcgrî gstnr gxgatn eg tgrrbags y antns

3.

In platurn platurn ni sgr sgr npilonen npilonen egcgrî egcgrî gxtgaegrs gxtgaegrsg g `îolihgatg `îolihgatg oba oba in crbojn, crbojn, pbsggr pbsggr ounileneg ounilenegss eg garrnsnhlgatb y ab hbstrnr tgaegaolns ni gsourrlhlgatb b n obrrgrsg ni sgr npilonen ga

ins platurn supgr`lolgs y ilsns. In plat urn ab egcgrî evgrtlonigs gcgrî `brhnr `brhnr antn, g ga a gi gavnsg gavnsg tnpneb tnpneb ga ibs pgrèbebs pgrèbebs eg eg latgrrupolÿ latgrrupolÿa a eg in `ngan eg platneb. 5. In pl plat atur urn n egcg egcgrî rî sg sgon onrr egmn egmnae aeb b ua nonc noncne neb b ilsb ilsb y ual` ual`br brhg hg,, gxga gxgatb tb eg nspgrg nspgrgzn zns, s, frnabs nafuibsbs, pnrtgs elspnrgmns y btrns lhpgr`goolbags eg in supgr`lolg.

?.

Ibs obibrgs sgrîa egtgrhlanebs pbr gi ounerb eg noncnebs b ounerb eg obibrgs, b ga su eg`gotb pbr gi Lafgalgrb ÿ Nrqultgotb gaonrfneb eg in supgrvlslÿa eg in bcrn. [rgpnrnolÿa eg in _upgr`lolg Eg hnagrn fgagrni, tbens ins supgr`lolgs pbr platnr egcgrîa gstnr clga sgons y ilhplns ni hbhgatb ilhplns hbhgatb eg rgolclr in platurn. Ibs hurbs sgrîa rgsn rgsnanebs anebs jnstn obasgfulr obasgfulr uan supgr`lolg ual`brhg, ilcrg eg pnrtèouins gxtrnþns y frnsns. Ibs gighgatbs eg hnegrn sg ilhplnrîa clga, rghbvlìaebsg tbeb hntgrlni b pbivb nejgrleb4 iugfb sg prbogegrî ni hnaoliineb y ilmneb, ga onsb agogsnrlb. Ibs gighgatbs eg onrplatgrèn hgtîilon, egcgrîa gstnr gxgatbs eg frnsn, ÿxlebs y gsonhns eg inhlanolÿa, egclgaeb sgr ilmnebs prbilmnhgatg natgs eg in npilonolÿa eg in platurn natlobrrbslvn. Ulpbs eg [laturn In npilonolÿa eg in platurn sg jnrî eg nougreb n ib gstlpuineb ga gi ounerb eg noncnebs y obibrgs. Lhprlhnatg Gs uan pnstn n cnsg eg iîtgx n sgr utlilzneb obhb lhprlhnatg. Egcgrî sgr ua prbeuotb obaslstgatg ni qug sg ig pugen nfrgfnr nfun pnrn enrig uan vlsobslene negounen pnrn npilonrin `îolihgatg. Ga onsb agogsnrlb gi Sgslegatg pberî prbpbagr y utlilznr btrb tlpb eg lhprlhnatg, slghprg y ounaeb ougatg oba in nprbcnolÿa egi Lafgalgrb Laspgotbr.  Ni sgonrsg egcgrî egmnr uan onpn eurn, ilsn y rgslstgatg n in juhgene, pgrhltlgaeb in rgpnrnolÿa eg ouniqulgr frlgtn, rnmneurn, pbrbslene y nspgrgzns y sgrî npilonen oba crbojn b rbeliib Iîtgx _latìtlob _ba platurns obhpugstns pbr olgrtns elspgrslbags ga nfun eg rgslans lasbiucigs4 qug `brhna uan pgièouin, jnstn obastltulr uan obatlaun, ni gvnpbrnrsg gi nfun. In platurn gatrg btrns onrnotgrèstlons, egcg sgr rgslstgatg n ibs îionils egi oghgatb, rgslstgatg n in iuz y n ins laoighgaolns egi tlghpb. _g npilonrîa ga ibs nhclgatgs laelonebs ga ibs pinabs rgspgotlvbs. Egcgrî sgr n cnsg eg iîtgx slatìtlob y oba frneb eg `lagzn 7 obhb hèalhb. Egcgrî gvltnr in `brhnolÿa eg jbafbs. Iîtgx [bilvlaèilob [laturn n cnsg eg iîtgx pbilvlaèilob oba nitb obatgaleb eg iîtgx, invncig, rgslstgatg n in nionilalene, n in iiuvln y n ibs onhclbs eg tghpgrnturn. Ughpig _ba platurns ga in ouni gi vgjèouib ab vbiîtli gstî obastltuleb pbr uan obin b pbr uan hgzoin eg obiblegs elspgrsnebs ga gi nfun. Obhprgaeg tnhclìa n gstg frupb, ibs prbeuotbs ga pbivb, qug natgs eg su usb jna eg elspgrsnrsg elspgrsnrsg ga nfun. Gi nfun pnrn in sbiuolÿa sbiuolÿa egcgrî sgr pbtncig y ilhpln, ilcrg eg sustnaolns quèhlons ga elsbiuolÿa u btrbs nfrgfnebs.

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

[laturn Natlobrrbslvb Gs ua prbeuotb gincbrneb oba rgslans slatìtlons egclenhgatg pinstl`lonens y oba plfhgatbs lajlclebrgs egi ÿxleb. Ibs gighgatbs plfhgatbs gighgatbs n platnrsg platnrsg sg ilhplnrîa clga, gilhlanaeb ibs rgstbs eg gsobrln, ÿxleb, gto. y iugfb sg npilonrîa ebs hnabs eg platurn cnsg obhpugstn eg Orbhneb Orbhn eb eg ]lao. _g egcg `brhnr uan pgièouin pgièouin `ugrtg oba cuga cugan n eurnclilene eurnclilene ni gxtgrlbr, hîxlhn nejgrgaoln y prîotlonhgatg auin ncsbrolÿa eg juhgene. Gshnitg _ba platurns ga ins ounigs gi vgjèouib ab vbiîtli, gstî obastltuleb pbr uan hgzoin eg nogltgs sgonatgs (oruebs, trntnebs b slatìtlobs) y eg rgslans anturnigs b nrtl`lolnigs, ÿigb sbiucigs sbiuci gs b obastltuyga obastltuygaeb eb ua slstghn jbhbfìagb. jbhbfìagb. Gstn platurn platurn pugeg sgr crliinatg crliinatg b hntg, sgfýa in prbpbrolÿa eg plfhgatbs y su `ncrlonolÿa. _g utlilznrî prgpnrnebs eg `îcrlon, eg hnron b `ncrlonatgs obabolebs y eg onilene obhprbcnen. In sgigoolÿ sgigoolÿa a eg obibrgs obibrgs sgrî obbrela obbrelanen nen oba gi supgrv supgrvlsbr lsbr y ins hugstr hugstrns ns sg rgnilznrîa ga ibs iufnrgs hlshbs ebaeg sg vn n platnr, ga `brhn tni qug sg pugena vgr oba in iuz anturni egi nhclgatg. _g rgojnznrî gi gshnitg qug ab ouhpin ins onrnotgrèstlons y onilene gstncigolens. [rgpnrnolÿa eg ins supgr`lolgs ga onrplatgrèn eg `lgrrb Ins plgzns eg onrplatgrèn eg `lgrrb egcgrîa sgr rgvlsnens pnrn egtgotnr puatbs b obrebags eg sbieneurn, ibs qug sgrîa gilhlanebs pbr hgelb eg ilhn b gshgrli, lfunihgatg sg qultnrî gi ÿxleb y sg ilhplnrna oulenebsnhgatg natgs eg rgolclr in platurn natlobrrbslvn eg tniigr.  Natgs eg g`gotunr in platurn sg btrns qultnrîsustnaolns gi pbivb y gxtrnþns gilhlanrnay ins sniploneurns eg oghgatb b ygsb, ins hnaojns egeg`laltlvn frnsn b eg sg npilonrî uan augvn hnab eg natlobrrbslvb. [rbogelhlgatb eg gmgouolÿa In platurn n usnrsg sgrî gxtrnèen eg sus gavnsgs brlflanigs y sg ghpignrî sla neuitg neu itgrno rnolÿa lÿa nifuan nifuan,, prboge prbogelga lgaeb eb ga tbeb tbeb hbhgat hbhgatb b eg nou nougre greb b n ins gsp gspgol gol`lo `lonol nolbag bagss prbpbrolbanens pbr ibs `ncrlonatgs. In platurn sg npilonrî ga onpns suogslvns n hgelen qug sg vnyna sgonaeb ins natgrlbrgs. _g enrî ua hèalhb eg 3 hnabs. [rbtgoolÿa eg btrbs trncnmbs Ibs trncnmbs tgrhlanebs obhb plsbs, tnrrnmgbs, zÿonibs, obatrnzÿonibs, gto., nsè obhb gqulpbs, egcgrîa sgr egclenhgatg prbtgflebs obatrn enþbs, sniploneurns y hnaojns eurnatg gi prbogsb eg platurn eg in onrplatgrèn eg `lgrrb. Cnralz sghl-hntg Egcgrî gstnr `brhuineb ga cnsg n rgslan niquèhlon eg nitn onilene. B`rgogrî hîxlhn rgslstgaoln n in latghpgrlg. Egmnrî uan onpn crliinatg, eurn, lhpgrhgncig y `igxlcig. Ga ins supgr`lo supgr`lolgs lgs gxpugstns gxpugstns n in latghp latghpgrl grlg g sg npilon npilonrî rî gi cnralz cnralz tlpb hnrlab hnrlab trnaspnrgatg, qug ab hbel`lqug gi obibr anturni eg in hnegrn, sumgtb n in nprbcnolÿa eg ibs nrqultgotbs. _g rgojnznrî gi cnralz qug ab ouhpin ins onrnotgrèstlons y onilene gstncigolens. [rgpnrnolÿa eg ins _upgr`lolgs ga onrplatgrèn eg hnegrn Ins plgzns eg onrplatgrèn egcgrîa eg jncgr sleb jgojns oba hnegrn ogpliinen, ilmnen qug prgsgatg uan supgr`lolg tgrsn, ilsn sla nspgrgzns y ilcrg eg tben lhpgr`goolÿa. [rbogelhlgatb eg gmgouolÿa _g hnslii hnsliinrî nrîa a oulene oulenebsn bsnhga hgatg tg ins lhpgr` lhpgr`goo goolba lbags gs eg in hne hnegrn grn,, ins ual ualbag bagss y gaougatrbs y sg ilmnrîa gaougatrbs ilmnrîa oba ilmn eg frnab egorgolgatg egorgolgatg n `lab, eg nougreb oba in nspgr nspgrgzn gzn qug prgsgatg in hnegrn. Gi cnralz b gshnitg n ghpignr egcgrî iigfnr n in bcrn ga sus gavnsgs brlflanigs, ogrrnebs y sg ghpignrî eg nougreb oba ins gspgol`lonolbags eg su `ncrlonatg. Gi cnralz b gshnitg sg npilonrî ga ebs hnabs obhb hèalhb in sgfuaen egspuìs eg qug jnyn sgoneb in prlhgrn. In ualene eg hgelen sgrî gi h3.

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘ 

 

Gspgol`lonolbags Gspgol`lon olbags Uìoalons

;.;5 ILH[LG]N FGAGSNI EG BCSN EG_OSL[OLßA Ga gi ýitlhb eèn eg gmgouolÿa eg bcrn sg g`gotunrî in ilhplgzn fgagrni eg bcrn. _g egcgrî prgvgr qug in zban qugeg tbtnihgatg ilhpln y ilcrg eg hntgrlnigs gxtrnþbs y qug ins gstruoturns qugega ilcrgs eg hnaojns g lhpurgzns. HGUBEB EG HGELOLßA In ualene eg hgelen y `brhn eg pnfb sgrî Fibcni (Fic.) OBAELOLBAG_ EG [NFB Gi pnfb sg g`gotunrî ni prgolb ualtnrlb egi prgsupugstb ga Fibcni, gatgaelìaebsg qug elojb prgolb obastltuyg in obhpgasnolÿa tbtni pbr tben in hnab eg bcrn, gqulpb, jgrrnhlgatns hntgrlnigs g lhprgvlstbs agogsnrlbs pnrn in gmgouolÿa egi trncnmb.

Gxpgelgatg Uìoalob ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb ’Sg`noolbanhlgatb Fibrlgtn eg in [inzn Ogrrb Nzui‘