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THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
CONTENTS
PREFACE
VII
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
IX
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
XIII
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
1.5
PROJECT ORGANIZATION & SCHEDULE PROJECT DELIVERABLES BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE METHODOLOGY 1.4.1 DATA COLLECTION 1.4.2 SITE VISIT 1.4.3 MEETINGS WITH OFFICIALS 1.4.4 TRAINING WORKSHOPS 1.4.5 DATA ANALYSIS 1.4.6 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK USF 1.4.7 VISION FORMULATION 1.4.8 REGIONAL STRUCTURE PLAN ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
REGIONAL CONTEXT ANALYSIS 2.1 NATIONAL CONTEXT 6 2.1.1 UPCOMING NATIONAL PROJECTS 2.2 ANDHRA PRADESH STATE 2.2.1 BIFURCATION 2.2.2 ANDHRA PRADESH ADVANTAGE 2.2.3 REGIONAL CONTEXT 2.3 CAPITAL REGION 2.3.1 CRDA ACT 2.3.2 CAPITAL REGION 2.3.3 CAPITAL CITY 2.3.4 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY 2.3.5 EXISTING SITE CONTEXT
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2.3.6 DEVELOPMENT DENSITY 2.4 KEY CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN CAPITAL REGION 2.4.1 ENVIRONMENT 2.4.2 HERITAGE AND TOURISM 2.4.3 CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES 2.4.4 ASSETS AND OPPORTUNITIES
6 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 16 20 22 24
EXISTING TRANSPORT AND
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INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS
27
3.1
28 28 29 31 33 34 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45
3.2
GENERAL REVIEW 3.1.1 ANDHRA PRADESH INFRASTRUCTURE 3.1.2 ROAD NETWORK 3.1.3 RAILWAY NETWORK 3.1.4 AVIATION 3.1.5 WATER TRANSPORT 3.1.6 PUBLIC TRANSPORT 3.1.7 NON MOTORIZED TRANSPORT 3.1.8 KEY TRANSPORT ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES INFRASTRUCTURE 3.2.1 WATER SUPPLY 3.2.2 WASTE WATER 3.2.3 STORM WATER 3.2.4 SOLID WASTE 3.2.5 POWER SUPPLY 3.2.6 KEY INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES
DIMENSIONS OF GROWTH
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4.1 REVIEW OF EXISTING SOCIO ECONOMIC INFORMATION 4.1.1 REGIONAL CONTEXT 4.1.2 CAPITAL REGION OVERVIEW 4.2 REVIEW OF EXISTING SOCIO ECONOMIC INFORMATION 4.2.1 ECONOMIC AND SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE 4.2.2 SPATIAL ECONOMIC POSITIONING 4.3 REGIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 4.3.1 REGIONAL ECONOMIC POSITIONING OF CAPITAL REGION 4.3.2 POSSIBLE FUTURE ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR AP CAPITAL REGION 4.4 REGIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 4.4.1 CRITICAL PARAMETERS FOR ECONOMIC PRIORITIZATION 4.4.2 ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL STATISTICAL 4.4.3 PERCEPTION STUDY 4.4.4 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR IDENTIFIED ECONOMIC USES 4.4.5 FOOD AND BEVERAGE SECTOR 4.4.6 TEXTILE INDUSTRY 4.4.7 NON METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS 4.4.8 AUTO AND AUTO COMPONENTS SECTOR 4.4.9 RUBBER AND PLASTIC INDUSTRY 4.4.10 PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY 4.4.11 ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY 4.4.12 BASIC AND FABRICATED METAL INDUSTRY 4.4.13 TOURISM 4.4.14 AEROSPACE SECTOR 4.4.15 IT/ITES INDUSTRY 4.4.16 AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY 4.4.17 LOGISTICS INDUSTRY 4.4.18 INDUSTRY OPPORTUNITY MATRIX CAPITAL REGION
48 48 50 51 51 53 55 55 55 56 56 56 56 57 57 58 59 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69
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4.5 BENCHMARKING OF CAPITAL CITIES 4.5.1 HYDERABAD URBAN AGGLOMERATION 4.5.2 BENGALURU URBAN AGGLOMERATION
70 70 71
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY AND VISION FOR THE CAPITAL REGION
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5.1
74 75 75 76 76 78
5.2 5.3 5.4
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK 5.1.1 KEY SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES IN CAPITAL REGION 5.1.2 SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK VISION GOALS STRATEGIES
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND CONCEPT PLAN FOR CAPITAL REGION
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6.1 REGIONAL GROWTH STRATEGY 6.1.1 CONCEPT DIRECTION 6.1.2 STRATEGIES FOR CAPITAL REGION CONCEPT PLAN 6.2 CAPITAL REGION CONCEPT PLAN 6.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR CAPITAL REGION 6.3.1 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT 6.3.2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY 6.3.3 ECONOMIC CLUSTERS AND PRELIMINARY SECTORS 6.4 BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS 6.5 BROAD WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS 6.5.1 BROAD WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS 6.6 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION 6.7 KEY STRATEGIES AND CONCEPTS 6.7.1 TRANSPORT STRATEGIES 6.7.2 WATER SUPPLY 6.7.3 POWER GENERATION 6.8 ACTION PLANS 6.9 THE WAY FORWARD
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APPENDIX
XIX
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
LIST OF FIGURES FIG.2.1 PROPOSED TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN INDIA FIG.2.2 ANDHRA PRADESH POST BIFURCATION ADVANTAGE FIG.2.3 CENTRALLY LOCATED CAPITAL REGION FIG.2.4 ANDHRA PRADESH KEY TRANSPORT CONNECTIONS FIG.2.5 CAPITAL REGION WITH MANDAL BOUNDARIES AND CAPITAL CITY BOUNDARY FIG.2.6 CAPITAL REGION BOUNDARY WITHIN KRISHNA AND GUNTUR DISTRICT FIG.2.7 PLANTATIONS AT THULLUR MANDAL FIG.2.8 VGTM_ ZONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROPOSED LAND USE PLAN FOR YEAR 2021. FIG.2.9 CAPITAL REGION_ EXISTING LAND COVER FIG.2.10 CAPITAL REGION_ EXISTING SETTLEMENT HIERARCHY FIG.2.11 CAPITAL REGION_EXISTING WETLANDS, FORESTS AND BIO DIVERSITY FIG.2.12 CAPITAL REGION_WATER RESOUCES FIG.2.13 CAPITAL REGION_HERITAGE AND TOURISM FIG.2.14 CAPITAL REGION_ENVIRONMENT CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES FIG.2.15 CAPITAL REGION_URBAN CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES FIG.2.16 CAPITAL REGION_ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS AND OPPORTUNITIES FIG.2.17 CAPITAL REGION_URBAN ASSETS AND OPPORTUNITIES FIG.3.1 EXISTING ROADS IN THE CAPITAL REGION FIG.3.2 NATIONAL ECONOMIC CORRIDOR THROUGH ANDHRA PRADESH FIG.3.3 EXISTING RAIL NETWORK AND RAILWAYS IN CAPITAL REGION FIG.3.4 TOTAL FREIGHT TRAFFIC MOVED BY RAIL INDIAN RAILWAYS, 2013 FIG.3.5 EXISTING AND PLANNED DFC FIG.3.6 EXISTING AIRPORTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE CAPITAL REGION FIG.3.7 NATIONAL WATERWAY AND AIR PORT WITHIN CAPITAL REGION FIG.3.8 PORTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE CAPITAL REGION FIG.3.9 BRTS IN VIJAYAWADA PHASE 1 THE MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF VIJAYAWADA, 2014 FIG.3.10 MODAL SHARE IN CITIES OF DIFFERENT SIZES IN INDIA INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FORUM, 2011 FIG.3.11 KRISHNA RIVER, ITS TRIBUTARIES AND CANAL SYSTEMS, AND WATER SUPPLY SOURCES FIG.3.12 EXISTING SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT LOCATIONS IN CAPITAL REGION FIG.3.13 FLOOD MAP OF CAPITAL REGION FIG.3.14 LOCATION OF KNOWN SOLD WASTE FACILITIES IN CAPITAL REGION FIG.3.15 LOCATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN ANDHRA PRADESH AND TELANGANA FIG.4.1 STRATEGIC LOCATION OF THE STATE FIG.4.2 REGIONAL CONTEXT SHOWING KEY NATURAL RESOURCES, EXISTING INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES & INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS FIG.4.3 AIRPORT, PORT & RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE FIG.4.4 GUNTUR DISTRICT ECONOMY FIG.4.5 GUNTUR DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW FIG.4.6 GUNTUR DISTRICT ECONOMIC COMPOSITION FIG.4.7 GUNTUR DISTRICT EMPLOYEE DISTRIBUTION FIG.4.8 GUNTUR SENIOR SECONDARY RESULTS FIG.4.9 KRISHNA DISTRICT ECONOMIC COMPOSITION FIG.4.10 KRISHNA DISTRICT ECONOMY FIG.4.11 KRISHNA DISTRICT DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW FIG.4.12 KRISHNA DISTRICT EMPLOYEE DISTRIBUTION FIG.4.13 DATA SOURCE FIG.4.14 SPATIAL SPREAD OF CAPITAL REGION
6 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 16 18 20 22 23 24 25 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 40 41 42 43 44 48 49 50 51 51 51 51 52 52 52 52 53 53 53
FIG.4.15 KEY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY FIG.4.16 KRISHNA DISTRICT SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL RESULTS FIG.4.17 HAPPY SCHOOL STUDENTS AT CRICKET ACADEMY IN AMARAVATHI TOWNSHIP FIG.4.18 VECTOR 1 FIG.4.19 VECTOR 2 FIG.4.20 REGIONAL ECONOMIC POSITIONING FIG.4.21 POTENTIAL ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR CAPITAL REGION FIG.4.22 CRITICAL PARAMETER ANALYSED TO EVALUATE THE ECONOMIC PRIORITIZATION FIG.4.23 DATA SOURCE FIG.4.24 INDUSTRY INTERACTIONS BREAK UP FIG.4.25 SAMPLE LIST OF INTERACTED INDUSTRIES FIG.4.26 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION FOOD & BEVERAGE FIG.4.27 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION TEXTILE FIG.4.28 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION NON METALLIC MINERALS FIG.4.29 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION AUTO AND AUTO COMPONENTS FIG.4.30 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION RUBBER AND PLASTICS INDUSTRY FIG.4.31 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY FIG.4.32 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY FIG.4.33 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION BASIC AND FABRICATED METAL INDUSTRY FIG.4.34 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION TOURISM FIG.4.35 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION AEROSPACE SECTOR FIG.4.36 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION IT/ITES INDUSTRY FIG.4.37 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY FIG.4.38 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR CAPITAL REGION LOGISTICS INDUSTRY FIG.4.39 INDUSTRY OPPORTUNITY MATRIX FIG.4.40 HYDERABAD URBAN AGGLOMERATION FIG.4.41 HYDERABAD ECONOMIC POSITIONING FIG.4.42 HYDERABAD EVOLUTION FIG.4.43 CLUSTER BASED DEVELOPMENT HYDERABAD FIG.4.44 INDUSTRY CLUSTERS FIG.4.45 HYDERABAD ECONOMY FIG.4.47 CLUSTER BASED DEVELOPMENT BENGALURU FIG.4.46 ECONOMIC POSITIONING OF BENGALURU FIG.4.51 INDUSTRY CLUSTERS FIG.4.48 BENGALURU ECONOMY FIG.4.49 BENGALURU EVOLUTION FIG.4.50 BENGALURU ECONOMIC POSITIONING FIG.5.1 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK FIG.6.1 CAPITAL REGION _ RADIAL CORRIDOR GROWTH STRATEGY PLAN FIG.6.2 CAPITAL REGION CONCEPT PLAN FIG.6.3 DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS OF CAPITAL REGION FIG.6.4 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR CAPITAL REGION FIG.6.5 ECONOMIC GROWTH FRAMEWORK FIG.6.6 CAPITAL REGION_PRELIMINARY CLUSTERIZATION OF SECTORS FIG.6.7 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS FIG.6.8 CAPITAL REGION_PROJECTED POPULATION DISTRIBUTION _YEAR 2035 93
53 53 53 54 54 55 55 56 56 57 57 58 58 59 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 70 70 71 71 71 71 71 72 72 72 72 74 83 86 87 88 89 90 92
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FIG.6.9 CAPITAL REGION_PROJECTED POPULATION GROWTH FIG.6.10 CAPITAL REGION_PROJECTED DENSITY FIG.6.11 PROPOSED CONCEPT FOR REGIONAL TRANSPORT NETWORK FIG.6.12 POTENTIAL NATIONAL WATERWAY TRANSPORT AND FREIGHT HUBS FIG.6.13 PROPOSED HIGH SPEED RAIL AND DEDICATED FREIGHT CORRIDORS FIG.6.14 PROPOSED CONCEPT FOR REGIONAL RAIL / PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
93 93 94 95 96 97
LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1 CAPITAL REGION MANDALS IN GUNTUR AND KRISHNA DISTRICT TABLE 2.2 EXISTING LAND COVER TABLE 2.3 DEVELOPMENT DENSITY IN KEY CITIES/TOWNS TABLE 3.1 EXISTING ROAD LENGTHS BY TYPE IN CAPITAL REGION TABLE 3.2 STATUS OF FREIGHT CORRIDORS IN 2014 TABLE 3.3 EXISTING WATER WORKS IN CAPITAL REGION TABLE 3.4 EXISTING SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT CAPACITY IN CAPITAL REGION TABLE 3.5 EXISTING POWER PLANT AND CAPACITY IN ANDHRA PRADESH TABLE 4.1 DISTRICT TOURIST FLOW_2013 TABLE 6.1 CAPITAL REGION_PRELIMINARY CLUSTERIZATION OF SECTORS TABLE 6.2 SUMMARY OF WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS FOR CAPITAL REGION
10 12 13 29 32 40 41 44 64 91 92
PREFACE PÙʹã B»¦ÙÊçÄ Andhra Pradesh is building a new Capital City following the bifurca on of the state in February 2014. The new city is located between Vijayawada and Guntur and it is envisaged to be a world class Capital City for the people of Andhra Pradesh.
PÙʹã SÊÖ Ä CÊÃîÝÝ®ÊĮĦ On 08 December 2014, the governments of Singapore and Andhra Pradesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding to collaborate on the master planning and development of the new Andhra Pradesh Capital City. The Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Infrastructure Corpora on of Andhra Pradesh and Interna onal Enterprise (IE) Singapore and witnessed by Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Nara Chandrababu Naidu and Singapore’s Second Minister for Trade and Industry of Singapore, S. Iswaran. The Centre for Liveable Ci es and Singapore Coopera on Enterprise have also provided their exper se and assistance in master planning and development of Andhra Pradesh’s ins tu onal capacity in urban governance and related areas through training programmes for AP officials responsible for the development of the Capital City. Mangalagiri Town from Sri Panakala Narasimha Swamy Temple
Surbana Interna onal Consultants and Jurong Consultants Pte Ltd were appointed by the Singapore government to undertake the master planning for the Andhra Pradesh Capital City Project. This project comprises of the following milestones:
C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ P½Ä - To set the planning direc on and strategies for the Capital Region of Andhra Pradesh.
C֮㽠C®ãù MÝãÙ P½Ä - To prepare a detailed Master plan for the new Capital City of Andhra Pradesh.
S Dò½ÊÖÃÄã MÝãÙ P½Ä - To prepare Urban Design and development control guidelines for the first sec on of the Capital City
CÊÃÖ½ã®ÊÄ Ê¥ ã« F®ÙÝã M®½ÝãÊÄ The Capital Region Plan aims to provide a regional master plan that would provide a guide for the future development of the Capital Region Area and the new city. The comple on of the Capital Region Plan on 30 March 2015 marks the achievement of the first milestone for the Singapore-Andhra Pradesh Capital City Project collabora on. This document contains the Capital Region Plan for Andhra Pradesh.
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THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix We would like to acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organiza ons for their invaluable insights and contribu ons towards the prepara on of the “Capital Region Plan Report.”
Andhra Pradesh Government Officers Giridhar Aramane, IAS, Principal Secretary to Government, Municipal Administra on & Urban Development Department Srikant Nagulapalli, IAS, Commissioner, Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority, Vijayawada Pothireddy Thimma Reddy, Director of Town & Country Planning Dr. Pamu Panddu Runga Rao, Enginnering in Chief, Public Health Avula Suresh, Addi onal Director, Town Planning
Local Body/ Police Officials within Capital Region Ganeshan Veerapandian, IAS , Municipal Commissioner, Vijayawada Dr. Sreedhar Cherukuri, I.A.S., Joint Collector, Guntur & incharge Municipal Commissioner, Guntur Prabhala Gopinadh, Municipal Commissioner, Tenali A.B.Venkateswara Rao, IPS, Commissioner of Police, Vijayawada P.H.D. Ramakrishna, IPS, Superintendent of Police, Guntur
Officials from CRDA Ravi Ramakrishna Rao, Head Planning, CRDA Veepanagandla Ramudu, Planner, CRDA Rikkala Srinivasa Reddy, Divisional Forest Officer, AP CRDA, Vijayawada G.A.Suryanarayana, P.S. to Commissioner, CRDA, Vijayawada Gullapalli Nageswara Rao, Planning Officer, CRDA, Vijayawada Bathula Sesha Srinivasa Rao, Execu ve Engineer, CRDA, Vijayawada D. Mallikharjuna Rao, Administra ve Officer, CRDA, Vijayawada Bandla Siva Sankar Prasad, I.F.S., Member Secretary, AP Pollu on Control Board, Hyderabad. Dr.A. Nageswara Rao, Scien st-E, AP State Applica on Centre, Hyderabad T. Narendra Babu, Scien st-E, AP State Applica on Centre, Hyderabad
Dr. G. Prasada Rao, Scien st-E, AP State Applica on Centre, Hyderabad Dr. G. Kumaraswami, Team Leader, AP State Applica on Centre, Hyderabad Dr. P. Eswaramma, Team Leader, AP State Applica on Centre, Hyderabad
A farmer si ng outside his neighbour’s house in Neerukonda Village.
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THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
xii
The new Andhra Pradesh state is envisioning to build a new Capital City, close to Vijayawada and Guntur. Shri. N Chandrababu Naidu, the chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh and his officials aspire to build a world class Capital City; the glowing pride for all the people of Andhra Pradesh. The development of the New Capital City will be on a green field site of approximately 212 sq km located centrally within the Capital Region. The Capital Region comprises of 7,420 sq.km. straddling on both sides of the Krishna River in both Krishna and Guntur Districts. The Capital Region is well connected to the surrounding economic hubs by air , rail, road, and ports.
3.31 MI JOBS
11 MI POP
2035
THE VISION
‘PEOPLE’S CAPITAL OF ANDHRA PRADESH’ YEAR X BEYOND 2050
20 MI POP
2050
5.6 MI JOBS 13.5 MI POP
The opportuni es and the success of the new Capital City will indefinitely bring in tremendous pressure on it’s developments and infrastructure in the long run. Hence, the Capital City cannot func on in isola on. The proposed Industrial Corridor, Port development, Na onal Waterway and other upcoming projects will change the dynamics of the en re State and the Capital Region to a large extent. Tapping onto these upcoming projects, building on the inherent strength of the exis ng ci es and integra ng future poten al developments translates the vision into a ‘radial corridor development’ structure for the Region LEGEND
Capital Region _ Radial Corridor Growth Strategy Plan THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
To achieve the medium and long term vision for Capital Region, a set of goals covering 6 cri cal sectors of development is proposed. These key goals will guide the physical planning for the Region. 2
1
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3
4
5
6
Jobs & Homes
World Class
Quality
Iden ty &
Efficient Resource
Clean &
for all
Infrastructure
Living
Heritage
Management
Green
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• Promote high-value added agriculture and agro-based industries • Opportuni es to upgrade skills • Knowledge based high-tech industries • Increase home ownership • Provide sufficient affordable housing to cater to the needful • Slum free city; Industrial phasing; • Favourable Policy framework
www.taxisingapore.com
• State of art public transport • High percentage of modal share using public transport • World class Interna onal Airport • Reserve transit corridors • Highly efficient road network • Na onal Waterway for trade • High Speed Railway • Easy transfer between different modes of transport
pixshark.com
• Flood control techniques • “Reduce, Recycle and Reuse” • Waste management and disposal systems • Smart grid • Renewable energy • U lize flood management methods also for recrea on • Green cer fica on of projects • Awareness on efficient resource management
en.wikipedia.org
• Network of parks and greens by integra ng the village ponds • Access to park for every ci zen within easy walking distance • Produc ve use of natural features on the site without damaging them • Waterfront along Krishna river for public use • Mandatory reserved Green • Reserve high value agriculture land • City si ng within the water and greens
www.smtwastebrokers.com.au
• Public transit within walking distance • Neighbourhood center ameni es • Universal access for all ages • Health care facili es at affordable costs • Live, Work, Learn and Play • Ease of commute within 30 minutes from origin to des na on
www.panoramio.com
• Preserve historic and culturally important sites • Promote culture and heritage for locals and tourism • Establish a unique iden ty • Integrate the exis ng villages • Strategic loca ons to come together and organize cultural ac vi es • Tourism circuit linking heritage features and new nodes
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Using the Concept Direc on and the key development strategies, the Proposed Capital Region Concept Plan is as follows: A M¦ C®ãù Ä ÄãÙ½ Ö½ÄĮĦ Ù The New Capital City and Vijayawada will grow as twin ci es in the future due to their close proximity. The diverse economy of the two ci es will compliment each other and ul mately emerge as a Mega City Dò½ÊÖÃÄã Ê¥ R¦®ÊĽ ÄãÙÝ Seven exis ng Urban centres within a radius of 30-45kms from the Capital City are iden fied as second- er commercial centres a er the main central business district. These Regional Centres will decentralize the func ons and services of the Capital City , helping to alleviate conges on there and to bring the workplace closer to peoples’ homes.
High Speed Rail and Waterway 4 are integrated in the Regional Structure Plan. ÖÙÊãã ¦Ù®ç½ãçÙ½ þÊÄÝ In-order to protect the prime fer le lands and to build on the agro based economy of the region; certain zones are iden fied as protected agricultural zones. These zones only allow a limited range of other uses that will not facilitate urbaniza on. CÊÄÝÙòã®ÊÄ Ê¥ NãçÙ½ AÙÝ Ä «Ù®ã¦ The Region’s rich heritage and environmentally sensi ve areas are earmarked as conserva on areas. LEGEND
Dò½ÊÖÃÄã CÊÙÙ®ÊÙÝ Development Corridors connect the Capital City and the Regional Centres. The development Corridors provide opportunity for linear developments with Special Use Developments such as clean industries, Infrastructure projects, logis cs based ac vi es are allowed along these corridors. BããÙ R¦®ÊĽ CÊÄÄã®ò®ãù A radial network with well spaced highways, Expressways and Transport Corridors cater to smooth city travel and fast connec ons within the Capital Region. The upcoming na onal Projects i.e. . Dedicated Freight Corridor along East Coast Economic Corridor, THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Capital Region Concept Plan
1 Young devotees at Sri Panakala Narasimha Swamy Temple, Mangalagiri.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT ORGANIZA TION & SCHEDULE 2
Surbana & Jurong together form the Project Management Team (PMT). The project is spread over 6 months under 3 stages and 7 Ac vi es.
Repor ng of ac vi es such as site visits, kick-off seminar , Deliverables and meline, Finalized project tasks & scope with schedule of trainings and Site Visits. • Stage 1: Dra Capital Region Plan Report. (Progress Report)
Stage 1 : Capital Region Plan : • Ac vity 1: Data Inventory, Analysis and Incep on • Ac vity 2: Regional Context analysis, Economic posi oning and SocioDemographic Study • Ac vity 3: Visioning, Programming and Structure Plan Stage 2: Capital City Master Plan: • Ac vity 4: Concept Master Plan, Transporta on Plan and Infrastructure Plan • Ac vity 5: Zoning Plan for new Capital City. Stage 3: Seed Development Master Plan: • Ac vity 6: Urban Design Proposal for Seed Development • Ac vity 7: Development Guidelines for Seed Development
1.2 PROJECT BLES
DELIVERA
The deliverables for each stage are
• Stage 2: Dra Capital City Master Plan and Zoning Plan Report (Progress Report) • Stage 3: Seed Development Master Plan Report (Final Report)
1.3 BACKGROUND PURPOSE
AND
Having completed the data collec on, site visit, incep on seminar and training for the Andhra Pradesh officials as part of Stage 1: Capital Region Plan, the Project Management Team has duly completed the analysis of the data and developed a vision for the project. The analysis and vision forms the basis of this report and marks the end of Stage 1 of the project. Presented below is the list of progress and final reports due for this project: 1. Incep on Report (submi ed) 2. Dra Stage 1 Report (current report) 3. Dra Stage 2 Report 4. Stage 3 Report (Final Report including updates from Stage 1 and 2)
Stage 1: Incep on report The key components of the report are Inventory of the Data collected, THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
1.4 METHODOLOGY 1.4.1 D
C
Surbana and Jurong teams collected the necessary data from the Andhra Pradesh agencies during the period of December 2014 and January 2015. Using this data the teams filtered out specific relevant data that can be applied in the development of the Capital Region Plan. The data was received in several formats including GIS, Autocad, Excel sheets and hard copy reports.
1.4.2 S
V
In January 2015, Surbana and Jurong teams undertook a 2 day elaborate site visit to get a first hand feel of the site and surroundings. The team also interacted with local people to understand their concerns and issues to be considered during the forma on of the master plan. All this informa on was u lized in the site analysis and forma on of the plans as explained below.
1.4.3 M
O
Several mee ngs were held during the team’s stay in Hyderabad that included CRDA officials and Dr. P. Narayana, Minister of Municipal Administra on & Urban Development, Urban Water Supply and Urban Planning for Andhra Pradesh. The team from SIngapore included officials from Surbana Interna onal Consultants Pte Ltd (Surbana), JURONG Consultants Pte Ltd (Jurong), Centre for Livable Ci es (CLC),
Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI), Singapore Coopera on Enterprise (SCE) and Interna onal Enterprise (IE).
1.4.4 T
W
A delega on of 23 Andhra Pradesh officials a ended the APLUGP (Andhra Pradesh Leaders in Urban Governance Programme) organized by CLC in Singapore from 19th to 24th January. Surbana and Jurong teams were ac vely involved throughout this workshop. Surbana and Jurong presented and discussed the progress of the Master Plan with the delega on members to get their insights and views on the ideas being considered.
1.4.5 D
A
Parallel to this, planners from Surbana and Jurong were analyzing the relevant data received from the Andhra Pradesh agencies. The analysis included understanding of physical site features such as hills, rivers, canals, forests, drains, etc., along with an understanding of the sociodemographic and economic profile of the Capital Region.
1.4.6 U F
S (USF)
Establishing the USF is the most cri cal step preceding the Vision as this guides the Goals and Strategies. It lays out the Key Performance Indicators to address the social, economic and environmental issues specific to the focus area.
1.4.7 V
F
Using the understanding of all of the above, combined with the feedback from the Andhra Pradesh officials during the APLUGP, the planners from Surbana and Jurong calibrated the appropriate Vision and strategies for development for both the Capital Region and the Capital City.
1.4.8 R S
P
A er having understood the poten al opportuni es and constraints within the Capital Region, Surbana and Jurong developed a Regional Structure Plan for the Capital Region. This plan lays out a strategy for future growth within the Capital Region that will compliment the Capital City development in the short and long term.
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT In addi on to this introductory chapter, the report consists of the following chapters: Chapter 2: Regional Context Analysis This chapter broadly reviews the exis ng context of the Capital Region at a Na onal and State Level. It determines Capital Region’s role with respect to it’s central loca on in Andhra Pradesh and integra on with upcoming Na onal Projects. It analyzes the exis ng assets and issues as well as the physical constraints and opportuni es within Capital Region. The key sectors undertaken for this analysis are popula on and density, land cover, tourism , heritage and environment, This sec on also presents an overview of past planning ini a ves and an analysis of exis ng land use. Chapter 3: Exis ng Transport and Infrastructure Analysis. This chapter consists of two parts. Broad Transport analysis for the Capital Region includes road, rail , water and air network. Broad Infrastructure analysis will cover water supply, waste and storm water management system, power supply, and waste disposal.
Chapter 4: Dimensions of Growth 3
This chapter summarizes the key findings of the exis ng regional socioeconomic analysis. The Capital City and Region are benchmarked with other Indian Capital Ci es to analyse growth trajectory, key growth drivers and the consequent impact on popula on and expansion of the metropolitan region/ urban agglomera on. Based on the above Economic Development Strategy for Capital region broad demographic Projec ons are developed. Chapter. 5: Development Vision This chapter presents the sustainability framework proposed for the Capital Region based on it’s economic, social and environmental issues. Sustainability targets and KPI’s are then set to enable it’s sustainability in the long run. Chapter 6: Development Strategy and Concept Plan for the Capital Region This chapter presents the specific strategies to achieve the proposed goals explained in the preceding chapter. The strategies are further translated into a Structure Plan demonstra ng the development of growth areas and focus sectors.
4
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THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
2
5
REGIONAL CONTEXT ANALYSIS
This chapter broadly reviews the regional context of Andhra Pradesh. Capital Region’s loca on at the heart of Andhra Pradesh and proximity with the nearby big ci es; se ng the Capital Region’s intrinsic role as the new Gateway of East India and also as an access to the Mekong Region. Air, Rail, Road and water connec vity of the Capital region with the nearest landlocked ci es; give Capital Region the key advantage with trade poten al. To be a key player in the region, improvements to infrastructure will help Capital Region to realize its highest poten al. A study of the ac vi es around the Region reveals the opportunity for the Capital Region to be a central node in the region. This chapter covers the following topics broadly: 1 Upcoming Na onal Projects 2 Regional Advantage Post Bifurca on 3 Regional Connec vity 4 Analysis with respect to landcover, key ci es, environment and heritage 5 Constraints and Opportuni es
Workers loading bananas from the fields
2.1 NATIONAL CONTEXT 6
2.1.1 UPCOMING NA TIONAL PROJECTS Ýã ÊÝã ÊÄÊî ÊÙÙ®ÊÙ The Government of India is developing Industrial Corridors across India as global manufacturing and investment des na ons. These corridors are expected to drive the manufacturing growth in India within the next decade. These economic/Industrial corridors will result in new manufacturing ci es, logis c hubs and residen al townships with dedicated freight corridors. The proposed East Coast Economic Corridor runs along the coast of Andhra Pradesh (along NH5); and through the proposed Capital City Region. This corridor not just connects indian economic clusters but also helps unlock the poten al of Mekong countries by removing constraints and bo lenecks to growth. Currently Asian Development Bank (ADB) is carrying out analy cal work on this corridor. The first phase is envisioned from Visakhapatnam to Chennai. Many smart Industrial ci es and Investment Regions are in pipeline in this region. Fig.2.1 illustrates the Proposed Na oanl Projects that impact the development in the Capital Region Area.
®ã ¥Ù®¦«ã ÊÙÙ®ÊÙ Dedicated Freight Corridor Corpora on of India Ltd. (DFCCIL) has plans for a
dedicated Freight Corridor along the East Coast Economic Corridor which is expected to be func onal by the end of the decade. The large agricultural produce and the many ports along the coastline; will facilitate in posi oning Andhra Pradesh as the gateway for Inland transac ons.
«®¦« ÝÖ Ù®½ High Speed Rail Corpora on of India (HSRC) has plans to support the golden quadrilateral corridors with the proposed project ‘Diamond Quadrilateral of high speed rail network’. The speeds for these trains is 300-350 km/hour; and connects the four key ci es - Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. The Kolkata Chennai network passes through the Capital Region. This reinforces faster and quicker connec ons to key ci es in the country.
Nã®ÊĽ óãÙóùÝ The Indland Waterways Authority of India has proposals for development and regula on of Inland Waterways for shipping and naviga on. Na onal waterway 4 with a length of 1095km is currently under development. This inland waterway plays a crucial role in transpor ng the agricultural produce, fer lizers, mber and paper products from Guntur and Krishna Districts to the ci es along the Waterway from Kakinada in the north to Chennai and Pondicherry in the South.
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Fig.2.1 Proposed Transport and Infrastructure projects in India, Source - DFCCIL, HSRC,
2.2 ANDHRA
PRADESH
STATE 2.2.1 BIFURCATION
•
Post bifurca on of erstwhile United Andhra Pradesh into Telangana and Andhra Pradesh; the challenge for Andhra Pradesh is to create a new capital in ten years me. Not just a capital city, the new state will now have to maximise it’s poten al to establish itself as a ‘growth centre’. For this to happen Andhra Pradesh will need to relook at it’s policies and zones earmarked for crea ng industrial and IT clusters to let these enterprises flourish.
•
2.2.2 This sec on gives a very brief snapshot of the the economic and infrastructure advantage Andhra Pradesh has over Telangana Region. Detailed Economic and Infrastructure studies are explained in the following chapters. A few key advantages1 for Andhra Pradesh are as highlighted in Fig.2.2 and listed below.
• The state has well distributed and established economic generators func oning as Regional hubs. The three key hubs are Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Tirupa . • It is a leading Agricultural State; also known as the ‘Rice bowl of Fig.2.2 Andhra Pradesh - Post bifurca on Advantage
•
1 Source - India Brand Equity Founda on Aug 2014; Andhra Pradesh Sta s cal Abstract-May 2014
•
•
India’ supported by major irriga on projects. It is home to various global and na onal Pharmaceu cal companies. The state has huge oil and natural gas reserves. It is a leading exporter of marine Products, Agri and Processed Foods The state government is planning to set up Informa on Technology Investment Regions (ITIR) in Visakhapatnam, Anantapur and Chi oor districts. It has emerged as a Tex le processing centre in the recent years.
• The state is in the process of se ng up two Na onal Investment and Manufacturing Zones in Chi oor and Prakasam districts. The upcoming PCPIR in the region is expected to boost refining, petrochemicals and chemical industries. • The state is planning smart ci es development and suppor ng this ini a ve with University and Ins tu on development.
• Religious places and a long 973 km coastline makes Andhra Pradesh an ideal place as a holiday des na on.
• Today, Andhra Pradesh has infrastructure surplus with state-ofthe-art seaports at Krishnapatnam, Kakinada and Visakhapatnam, four airports at Tirupa , Vijayawada, Rajahmundry and Visakhapatnam; and well distributed Industrial Parks.
7
2.2.3 8
½Êã®ÊÄ
ÊÄÄã®ò®ãù
India’s key economy genera ng ci es namely Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam and Jagdalpur all lie within a radius of 300-400 km. Proximity and new opportuni es offered with regard to the new capital city will a ract skilled and talented human resources from these ci es.
With respect to connec vity the new Capital Region is very well connected through rail, road and air to key economic powerhouses in the region.
Andhra Pradesh has a long coastline with two of the country’s biggest ports Visakhapatnam and Chennai (Tamil Nadu) located in the northern end and southern end respec vely. The Capital Region with it’s new port at Machilipatnam lies right in the centre of the state. Machilipatnam port has a great poten al for inland trade centre for hinterland ci es including Hyderabad. Not just in the region, the Capital Region lies centrally along the whole of the eastern coast; opening room to establish G ’ itself as the new ‘E
I
.
The Capital Region is served by Gannavaram Domes c Airport. There are plans to upgrade Gannavaram to Interna onal Airport. There are 4 Interna onal Airports in the nearby periphery and the nearest one is Hyderabad Interna onal Airport. Andhra Pradesh currently has one major Port at Visakhapatnam . Other than Visakhapatnam, the state has five more opera onal ports, seven ports are under development and three are proposed to be developed. With three ports under development near Capital region, many jobs open up in the region. NH 5, NH7, NH18 and NH9 run across the state and connect it to other key ci es in the country. A direct connec on with Bangalore city could however boost the region’s trade further. The alignment of the proposed East Coast Economic corridor is s ll under study. The state is well connected through the rail network connec ng all thirteen districts. The government also has planned to set up a high speed train between Hyderabad and the new capital city to ease traffic movement between the two states.
Fig.2.3 Centrally located Capital Region THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Fig.2.4 Andhra Pradesh - Key Transport Connec ons
2.3 CAPITAL REGION 2.3.1 CRDA ACT The Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority Act (CRDA), 2014 has come into force on 30 December, 2014. The Act declares the provision of New Capital Area for the state of Andhra Pradesh and establishment of a development authority for the purpose of Planning, coordina on, execu on, supervision, financing, funding and for promo ng and securing the planned development of the Capital Region. It further LEGEND
undertakes the construc on of the new capital region development area,undertaking the construc on of the new capital and managing and supervising urban services in the new capital.
2.3.2 CAPITAL REGION The Capital Region Area is erstwhile VGTM (Vijayawada-Guntur-TenaliMangalagiri) plus se lements approximately within 50km radius The Capital Region encompasses a total area of 7,420 sq km and is spread almost equally in both Krishna and Guntur districts. It covers 18 mandals fully and 11 mandals par ally in Guntur district. While, in Krishna district it covers 15 mandals fully and 14 mandals par ally. Table 2.1 illustrates the Mandal boundaries in the Capital Region.
Fig.2.5 Capital Region with Mandal Boundaries and Capital City Boundary
Fig.2.6 Capital Region Boundary within Krishna and Guntur District
9
2.3.3 CAPITAL CITY
Table 2.1 Capital Region Mandals in Guntur and Krishna District (Source - GIS Database from CRDA) 10
C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ MĽÝ-GçÄãçÙ ®ÝãÙ®ã SN . M
S
.
20
P
P
137
9
G
.
21
P
P
111
10
I
P
213
11
K
2
F
41
F
173
1
A
F
213
22
S
2
A
F
125
23
T
F
79
12
K
F
108
3
A
175
24
T
F
193
13
M
F
39
4
B
5
C
6
D
7
E
8
G
9
P P
P
187
38
25
T
F
127
14
M
F
134
26
T
F
181
15
M
F
132
27
T
F
105
16
N
F
163
176
28
V
F
118
17
N
F
67
F
190
29
V
F
103
18
N
K
F
120
19
P
10
K
F
117
20
11
K
.
12
M
F
134
1
A
F
13
M
F
134
2
B
F
14
M
P
49
3
C
15
N
P
61
4
C
16
P
F
110
5
G.K
17
P
F
140
6
G
18
P
P
28
7
G
19
P
P
123
8
G
P
P
99
72
P
107
P
210
P
100
P
P
123
21
P
P
95
224
22
P
P
79
200
23
P
F
14
P
67
24
T
F
115
P
225
25
U
F
147
F
263
26
V
F
201
F
207
27
V
(
)
F
151
83
28
V
(
)
F
57
78
29
V
F
83
C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ MĽÝ-KÙ®Ý«Ä ®ÝãÙ®ã SN . M
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
2
P
S
P F
.
2
The loca on chosen for the Capital City is 12 km away from Vijayawada and 20 km from Guntur. It falls in Thullur, Mangalagiri, Tadepalli mandals of Guntur District; Ibrahimpatnam and Vijayawada Rural mandals of Krishna District; with an area of 212 sq.km. approximately. Ini ally the Capital City boundary was limited to Guntur District. The planning team analysed the earlier chosen site and suggested considering development on both sides of Krishna River for a comprehensive riverfront development strategy. This allows for controlled development in the waterfront villages in Krishna District; that face the new Business District and waterfront Capitol Complex located right across the river. Please refer to Fig.2.5 for Capital City loca on within Capital Region.
Fig.2.7 Planta ons at Thullur Mandal
2.3.4 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY The Government of Andhra Pradesh cons tuted the VGTM Urban Development Authority in 1978 under A.P. Urban Areas (Devt.) Act of 1975 for a development Area of 1665 sq.kms. This development area cons ted the four fast growing urban areas of Vijayawada, Guntur, Tenali and Mangalagiri and 150 villages around these towns falling in both Krishna and Guntur Districts. The boundary was later extended to 1955 sq.kms. in the year 1988 due to rapid urbaniza on. The expanded development area then cons tuted 30 lakh popula on; extending in 39 more Villages. A masterplan was prepared as an outline development plan.
ZÊĽ Dò½ÊÖÃÄã P½ÄÝ
LAND COVER DISTRIBUTION IN VGTM BOUNDARY
In 2006, Andhra Pradesh Government prepared Zonal Development Plans for the en re VGTM area of 1954.61 sq.km. The plans came into opera on in 2007. The Zonal Development Plans cons tute the proposed Land Use Plans and Zoning Regula ons for all zones; based on projec ons for the year 2021. The main aspects taken into considera on are demographic, economic and Environmental profile, Land Use Pa ern, Economic and Social Infrastructure, traffic and transporta on, Urban Governance, Municipal Finance, Heritage and
Fig.2.8 VGTM_ Zonal Development Plan- Proposed Land Use Plan for Year 2021. Source - VGTM Zonal Development Plans
Tourism and sectorwise issues and solu ons. 11 1
Vision for the Key Urban Centres is as follows: Vision for Vijayawada City ‘A na onal level transport node; Sub na onal commercial and service center; Tourism and cultural heritage center; An educa onal, professional and knowledge hub - as a Knowledge city’ Vision for Guntur City ‘Vision I - Interna onal Trade and Commerce and industrial hub; and center of educa onal ins tutes of world order, and providing good living environment to its surrounding areas’ ‘Vision II - Guntur as regional service Centre for neighbouring towns and villages by providing world class infrastructure and maintaining clean environment’ Vision for Mangalagiri Town ‘Growth point with small and medium scale secondary sectors in regional raw materials while conserving the heritage and historical value unique to the town’ The proposals from the Zonal Development Plans are integrated in the Capital Regioan Strategy Plan. However, with the development of the Capital City within the VGTM boundary; these proposals need to be reconsidered to accommodate the new developments, infrastructure and the excess popula on migra on from surrounding regions. 1 Zonal Development Plans, VGTM UDA- 2007
2.3.5 EXISTING SITE CONTEXT 12
ø®Ýã®Ä¦ ½Ä ÊòÙ When comparing the proposed Land Use Plan for VGTM for 2021 against the exis ng Land Use Plan of 2014 to see the extent of achievement of the former plan, it is observed that the Urbaniza on outside Vijayawada and Guntur has not taken place, while density within the ci es con nued to go up at a fast rate1. • Only 7% of the Capital Region area is classified under forest and water bodies. Most of the forest cover is over the Kondaveedu, Kondapalli, 1 Zonal Development Plans, VGTM UDA- 2007
Table 2.2 Exis ng Land Cover
Ko uru and other small hills. The forest cover near the urban Areas is deple ng rapidly due to encroachments. • A sizable 81% of the land is under agricultural use, which offers tremendous opportuni es for high value agro based economy. • The region has some Industrial Base but mostly in the primary sector. It is sca ered near Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada, Guntur. Quarrying ac vi es are found near Kondapalli and Kondaveedu Forest. • Most of the Capital Region land in Krishna District is occupied by hills , forests and prime agriculture land (more than two seasons) that needs to be protected. This directs urbaniza on and future expansion towards Guntur District.
S.NÊ. LÄ UÝ LÄ CÊòÙ 1 Agriculture -Aquaculture,Crop Land, Fallow and
AÙ (H) 599,397
% 80.91
4,932 45,739 30,747
0.67 6.17 4.15
10,746 49,153 78 740,792
1.45 6.64 0.01 100.00
Planta on 2 3 4 5 6 7
Built Up _Industrial and Mining Built Up_ Rural and Urban
Forest _Deciduous,Forest Planta on, Scrub Forest and Tree Clad area Wasteland_Barren and Scrubland Water bodies-Canal/Drain/Reservoir/Tanks Wetlands-Inland Natural Total
LEGEND
Fig.2.9 Capital Region_ Exis ng Land Cover Source - GIS Database_CRDA THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
2.3.6 As per URDPFI guidelines the exis ng hierarchy of se lements within Capital region is as follows• 1 Metropolitan – Vijayawada • 1 Large City – Guntur • 9 Medium Towns - Tenali, Gudivada, Mangalagiri, Gollapudi, Tadepalli, Ponnur, Nuzvid, Sa enapalle, Kannuru • 291 Small Towns and Villages Fig.2.10 illustrates the development trend in the Capital Region. The following are some key observa ons: • With a large industrial and Commercial base, the popula on of Vijayawada City has increased rapidly. This popula on is absorbed by the neighbouring suburbs like Gollapudi and Tadepalli which have grown into medium sized towns. • Areas near Guntur City have also grown into Small towns.
• A higher percentage of se lements especially medium sized towns like Gudivada, Tenali and Ponnur are located in the Delta Region. • The Capital Region clearly shows linear development along the transport corrdiors with key nodes. • The gross density of the capital Region is 735 p/sq.km. However the gross urban density for Vijayawada is around 18,000 p/sq.km. which is above the desirable norm. Vijayawada ‘s urban agglomera on already reached it’s projected popula on of 16.4 lakh by the year 2021 in just 7 years (Year 2014) . Such density, if compared with other highly populated Asian ci es such as Seoul and Singapore, stands out excep onally. To slow down the seemingly unstoppable densifica on of the urban area due to the imminent popula on increase, alterna ve decentraliza on strategies will have to be explored and enforced.
Table 2.3 Development Density in Key Ci es/Towns Source - Census 2011
City/Town Vijayawada (Urban)
Area 56.70
Popula on 1,048,240
density (p/sq.km.) 18,908
Guntur
45.71
651,382
11,201
Tenali Mangalagiri
15.11 10.49
164,649 0.087
10,258 8,294
LEGEND
Fig.2.10 Capital Region_ Exis ng Se lement Hierarchy
Source - GIS Database_CRDA
13
2.4 KEY CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN CAPITAL REGION 14
Prakasam Barrage at Vijayawada
Chili Yard at Guntur
College at Tenali
Mangalagiri temple
V®¹ùó is the largest city in the Capital Region; It is a Commercial and a trading hub, Tourist Des na on, Transport Node and an Educa on Hub. The popula on has increased by 3 mes in the last three decades partly due to the rise in migrant popula on from rural areas.
GçÄãçÙ is the second largest city in the region. It serves as a marke ng centre for chillies, tobacco and co on and an important educa onal centre. The City is also popular for its processing industries for rice pulses and oil seeds. Tourism and industrial estates are other major economy.
TĽ® is the third largest city; important commercial and Transport Centre in the region. Marke ng Centre for agricultural products from its rich agricultural hinterland; export Centre for paddy and rice and is popular for its Mills, dairy and processing factories.
MĦ½¦®Ù® is an important pilgrimage centre, popular for handloom weaving units and agriculture. The town is strategically located between the three biggest ci es in the region. Popula on expected to be 0.22 mi from the current 0.1 mi by the year 2021.
Undavalli caves at Tadepalle
Island Centre at Ponnur
TÖ½½ is a leading supplier of vegetables, fruits and farm products to Vijayawada. Three villages Undavalli, Penumaka and Kolanakonda are famous for historical importance. Development pressure leading to many development layouts both approved and unapproved; loss of river bank.
PÊÄÄçÙ town is the headquarters of Ponnur mandal, situated on Guntur-Chirala State Highway. The town is famous for Sri Sakshi Bhavanarayana Swamy Temple and Sri Sahasralingeswara Swamy Temple. Thousands of people arrive to watch the annual fes val at Sri Sakshi Bhavanarayana Swamy Temple.
NTR Stadium at Gudivada
Gç®ò, also called the temple town is the mandal headquarters with more than 100,000 inhabitants. It lies as a junc on for Vijayawada, Machilipatnam, Nuzvid and Eluru. Gudivada is popular for its Buddhist Stupas, jain Relics and Hindu Temple. The town has fer le agricultural lands for paddy cul va on.
Sri Ayyapaswamy temple at Gollapudi
Gʽ½Öç® is perceived as the gateway of Vijayawada city due to its close proximity. It is located along NH5 with Industrial base at Rayanapadu. Great Poten al to absorb demographic and economic pressures of Vijayawada city.
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
15
Mangoes being loaded into rakes at Nuzvid railway sta on
ZP High School at Sa enapalle
Vishwa shan Public School at Vuyyuru
Agricultural Fields near Nandigama
Nçþò® is historic fort City; It is well known for its mangoes, which are exported world wide. Agriculture is the main economy of the area. With respect to industries, few seasonal mango pulp canning factories are located here. It is an Educa onal Centre for the neighbouring areas with many Public Schools and IIIT Campus.
SããÄÖ½½ is a town 35km away from Guntur. It is slowly developing as a business hub. Two mini Hydel power projects and a mini thermal power plant are being set up in the area. There are many schools and colleges in this town.
VçùùçÙç town has very fer le lands and the economy is majorly agriculture based. It is served by good irriga on system. KCP sugar factory is considered the country’s biggest and best; is located here. The town is known for its educa onal ins tutes and temples.
NÄ®¦Ã is 48 km north of Vijayawada; is famous for the temples which had a great history for years. The river Muneru flows in the outer part of the village with agriculture fields around it. Many IT professionals come from this town.
Kondapalli Toys made out of wood from Kondapalli Forest
Vijayawada Thermal Power Sta on at Ibrahimpatnam
Domes c Airport at Gannavaram
World famous Buddhist Stupa at Amaravathi
KÊÄÖ½½®- located 20kms from Vijayawada, is a popular tourist des na on for its reserve forest, fort and toys. It is also the heavy Industries suburb of Vijayawada with bo ling , oil storage and power plants. BG railway line caters to both passenger and goods transporta on.
IÙ«®ÃÖãÄà town is 17 kms away from Vijayawada City. The town is popular for its Dr Narla Tata Rao Thermal Power Sta on, Railway Wagon Workshop at Rayanapadu (4km away). The town has educa onal ins tu ons and residen al quarters for employees of the power plant.
At GÄÄòÙÃ, an world war II Army airfield was converted into civilian airport in 2003; rapid sporadic growth took place since 2011 a er the airport services expanded. Tremendous pressure with the new airport expansion to interna onal status.
AÃÙòã«® is historic town with great touris c significance; from being a capital city in the past to its temples, buddhist Stupas, Ancient Art and Amaravathi School. The town is a center of pilgrimage to both Hindus and Buddhists, a racts visitors throughout the year.
16
2.4.1 ENVIRONMENT
¥ÊÙÝãÙù Ä ®Ê®òÙÝ®ãù
Capital region is bound by a number of natural features mainly the Krishna river and its rivulets, Kondapalle, Ko uru, Mangalagiri and Tadepalle Reserve Forest and hills.
Most of the hills are primarily reserved Forest areas spread in Nandigama, Vijayawada, Nuzvid , Gannavaram and Yedlapadu. The region has a forest cover of around 30,500 hectares.The world famous Kondapalli toys are manufactured from a light wood called ‘Ponuku’ found in Kondapalli hills. Prominant trees in these forests are pterocarpus, Terminalia, Anogeissus and Logustroeinai and Casuarina. Kondapalli Forest is also famous for its medicinal plants used by the ethnic people.
«®½½Ý ¥ÊÙÝãÝ Krishna District is divided into upland and delta zones; the delta region offers fer le land for agriculture towards the coastline. The uplands consist of the Kondapalli hill range that runs between Nandigama and Vijayawada with a length of about 24 km. Other hills of some historic importance and religious associa on are Jammalavoidurgam, Mogalrajapuram and Indrakiladri hills. In Guntur District the Nallamalai hill ranges that form part of the Eastern Ghats; lie in the western part of the district . The famous Ethipothala water falls are located in these ranges, near Macherla. Kondaveedu and Venkatayapalem ranges are prominant hills in the Capital Region. Few small to medium sized hills like the pedamadduru, Nidumukkala hill forest and Mangalagiri surround the capital city offering good scenic views of the region. Gu konda, Mangalagiri Undavalli are hills of religious significance.
LEGEND
Fig.2.11 Capital Region_Exis ng Wetlands, Forests and Bio Diversity Source - GIS Database_CRDA THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
17
Fly Ash Pond near Kondapalli Hill at Trilochanapuram
WATER RESOURCES 18
The coastal belt consists of fer le plains in the Krishna delta region. Krishna is the major perennial river dividing the two districts. It flows through rela vely flat terrain and carries a substan al amount of sediment during the monsoon season. It turns sharply southeastwards and joins the sea 80 km away from Vijayawada, at Hamsaladivi and Nachugunta in Krishna district. Muneru, Budameru, Guntur Channel, Guntur Branch Canal are other smaller rivulets in the Capital Region. Capital Region has three major basins. The Central Krishna Basin, basin formed by rivers between Krishna and Godavari and third sub basin from rivers between Krishna and Pennar river.
The capital city area has abundant water supply. In certain areas, groundwater is available at about 3050 feet depending on the season. Key Issues • Sand is quarried from Krishna and Muneru River for construc on purposes. • With the absence of drainage system in villages; the villages are characterized with uncared open drains and waste is dumped into them with later join the river network • The canals traversing through ci es are dumped with soild waste, people wash clothes alongside and defecate in the canals; resul ng in polluted water system.
Around 50,000 hectares of area is covered in canals, reservoirs, tanks and rivers that irrigate almost 580,000 hectares of Agricultural Land.
LEGEND
Fig.2.12 Capital Region_Water Resouces THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Source - GIS Database_CRDA
19
River Krishna ; looking towards Kondapalli Hill
20
2.4.2
ÄãçÙ½ ½ÄÝÖÝ
Krishna and Guntur districts offer a lot of sites of heritage and cultural significance. The culture of Krishna district is mostly tradi onal in rural places and moderately modern in Vijayawada. It is also famous as the birthplace for Indian classical dance named kuchipudi. Guntur District has a dams and waterfalls along Krishna River in the nallamalla ranges and many Buddist and Hindu temples. Most of these key heritage and cultural des na ons fall in the Capital Region.
Forests Reserve, Krishna Waterfront and the islands within the river offer a great poten al for tourism within the Capital Region. The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Board has many new tourism projects planned within the Capital region; However most of these projects are stalled. A few are listed below: • Mega tourism circuit at Kondapalli and Ibrahimpatnam • Water Sports facili es at Bhavani Island • Proposed ropeway project from Kanaka Durga temple atop Indrakeeladri and a designated place near Seetammavari Padalu
«Ù®ã¦ ¥ãçÙÝ Key temples in the Capital Region are • In Guntur District - Sri Agasteswara Temple, Sree Ramanamma Kshethram - Maravathi heritage place, Nallapadu temples, Lam, Pedakakani (malleshwaraswami temple,) Pondugula and Undavalli Caves, Pothuru Village (ankireddy palem Zone) • In Krishna District - The district authority has planned a temple tourism circuit star ng from Hamsaladeevi near the confluence of the river and the Sea and connec ng Sri Ramalingeswara Swamy temple and Kalakshetram at Kuchipudi, Sri Venugoplaswamy temple at Movva, Sri Maha Vishnu temple at Srikakulam, and Buddhist sthupa at Ghanatasala, Challapalli kota, Sri Subrahmanyeswara swamy temple at Mopidevi, Sri Durganageswara swamy temple at Pedakallepalli, and Sri Venugopala swamy temple at Hamsaladeevi.
LEGEND
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Fig.2.13 Capital Region_Heritage and Tourism
Kondapalli Fort
Amaravathi
Undavalli Caves
Gandhi Hill
Krishna Barrage ,credit :Amar Raavi
Challapalli Fort
Kanaka Durga Temple
Bha prolu
Nanda Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy temple
Temple at Nallapadu
There are a few other important tourism places ou sde the Capital Region that a ract a lot of tourists. • Kolleru lake, is one of the largest fresh water lakes in India is 70 km away from Vijayawada. Many birds such as Siberian crane, ibis, and painted storks migrate here in winter. It is also a major des na on for tourists. • The Srisailam and Nagarjuna sagar Dam (world’s largest masonry dam) in Guntur District. • Manginapudi Beach is popular amongst domes c travellers. Capital Region does not have specific urban conserva on guidelines for the historic precincts. Many of the heritage assets within Capital region are not well maintained and heritage conserva on efforts are mostly focused on holding the buildings/temples intact neglec ng the whole built environment. Capital Region offers great tourism poten al on all fronts - Heritage, Recrea onal, Religious and Natural Features. The lack of solid infrastructure is s ll a major constraint for tourism in this region. Connec vity and accommoda on capaci es must be improved to expect more arrivals, with an integrated tourism strategy and proper pricing. An external strategy could focus on the following ac ons: • State and District Tourism Strategy to capitalize and promote the unique offerings. • Interna onal trade and tourism fairs • Expanded Air services agreements.
21
An internal strategy could focus on the following developments : • Hotel And Catering School • Hotel Development • Resorts, Other A rac ons • Improve Airport Facili es • Tourism investment policies and incen ves for hotel and resort development • A culture of tourism service with be er training through a na onal hotel & catering school
2.4.3 «½½Ä¦Ý Ä ÊÄÝãÙ®ÄãÝ
• The agricultural land area downstream Parakasam barrage bound by NH5 is well irrigated with two and three season crops. This area needs to be protected from encroachments and urbanisa on. • The hills are typically characterized by steep slopes; Encroachment and erosion are a major environmental issue. • The forest cover in the region is reducing due to quarrying ac vi es and encroachments. The challenge would be to protect the forests and ini ate afforestata on in selected areas. 4% of the land falls under forests and hills.
Industrializa on, rapid urban growth, migra on and lack of stringent laws to monitor resource u liza on have resulted in degrada on of environment in the urban areas. Key challenges and constraints are categorized under environmental and Urban; and they are as below.
EÄò®ÙÊÄÃÄã½ • Stringent planning measures need to be taken for areas that fall under high risk flood zone. Most of the islands of Krishna river and the valley area in Krishna District fall under this category; comprises 7% of the Capital Region. • The presence of the extensive network of canals, rivers and waterbodies in the Capital Region necessitates a sustainable water management program to enrich the agricultural produce. Around 7% of the area is protected water bodies. Fig.2.14 Capital Region_Environment Constraints and Challenges
URBAN - Key issues and Constraints within the exis ng urban areas • The northern and southern sides of the river are connected at only two places near Vijayawada causing heavy conges on and air pollu on in Vijayawada. More adequate north south linkages are need to be built to relieve conges on. • Most developed urban se lements lie in the eastern part of the region due to agricultural opportuni es in this area. The challenge here is to allow for development but at the same me protect the prime agricultural lands. • The hill ranges across the northern side pose a constraint in connec ng the iden fied key ci es seamlessly. Alternate route need to be iden fied.
Fig.2.15 Capital Region_Urban Constraints and Challenges
• Vijayawada City faces heavy traffic conges on and pollu on issues due to inadequate roads and infrastructure provision. With the new Capital City located right next to Vijayawada; there is a high probability of borrowing these problems into the Capital City even before the new city is developed. Major redevelopment strategies need to be ini ated with regard to Infrastructure upgrada on in the surrounding areas.
23
2.4.4
-
Äò®ÙÊÄÃÄã½ • A large part of land within the CRDA boundary is flat land and falls under low to medium risk flood hazard; The Region’s planned growth areas should consider these areas. • The Krishna river cu ng across the region offers a riverfront stretching 130km. This offers an opportunity to provide open public spaces with waterfront facili es and commercial ac vi es; leading to vibrant and eco friendly communi es.
• A seamless network of green and blue spaces for public leisure connec ng all the natural assets could be planned while securing the protec on of the same. • The Kondapalli Reserve Forest, Ko uru Reserve Forest , Kondaveedu Range, Krishna River, Bhavani and other islands in Krishna River offer poten al for a vast eco tourism circuit; This circuit could be linked with the beaches along Krishna and Guntur district’s coastline. • The region offers a safe and conducive environment for tourism & business.
Fig.2.16 Capital Region_Environmental Assets and Opportuni es
çÙÄ - There is no denying that the upcoming East Coast Economic Corridor passing through the region will boost the region’s economy incredibly. • The two na onal highways NH5 and NH 214 will con nue to be the backbone of the region as growth corridors. NH9 will play a key role in logis cs connec ng the current capital Hyderabad to this region and further down to the port; • New high-tech industrial belt can be developed close to the airport with advantage of access to the new Machilipatnam port. The designated new seaport and proposed Gannavaram interna onal Airport open up immense opportuni es for new employment centers near Gudivada and Gannavaram areas.
Fig.2.17 Capital Region_Urban Assets and Opportuni es
• A new road link connec ng the new Capital City with the rayalaseema region and further down to Bangalore could strengthen the region’s connec vity. • The proposal for High Speed rail connec ng Visakhapatnam to Chennai; offers the advantage of loca ng a terminus within the new capital city. (More details of the same are provided in Chapter 3) • With the Capital City’s loca on in close proximity to Vijayawada, Tadepalli and Mangalagiri; the planners foresee many advantages. More in terms of available workforce from these ci es. • Capital Region also holds tremendous unexploited tourism poten al in specialized areas such as cultural tourism and tradi onal arts. ‘Temple Tourism’ in par cular could be magnified in the region; with planned state of the art ‘temple town’ promo ng telugu culture. This could be sited close to Amaravathi town.
26
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THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
3
EXISTING TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS
This chapter reviews the exis ng condi ons, future projects and key issues of transporta on and infrastructure in the Capital Region. The chapter covers the following: Transport • Roads • Rail • Avia on • Water Transport • Public Transport • Non-motorized Transport Infrastructure • Water Supply • Waste Water • Storm Water • Solid Waste • Power Supply
View of the railway bridge over the Krishna River from Barrage
3.1 GENERAL REVIEW 28
3.1.1 ANDHRA PRADESH INFRASTRUCTURE In the state of Andhra Pradesh, the high growth due to economic liberaliza on has resulted in significant movement of goods and people, which in turn created problems such as conges on, pollu on and overburden and deteriora on of exis ng infrastructure. A mul -pronged approach is needed to ensure that the economic growth and urbaniza on does not lead to further deteriora on in mobility and accessibility in urban areas, while providing new infrastructure where necessary. In 2001, the State Government enacted the Andhra Pradesh Infrastructure Development Enabling Act (APIDEA), providing a regulatory framework for a rac ng private sector investment and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the infrastructure sector. The framework enables the State Government to enable and encourage the private sector to invest in the development and maintenance the infrastructure in the State of Andhra Pradesh. Infrastructure development is therefore well-supported by legisla on, however key strategies need to be developed to encourage such investments. Prakasam Barrage THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Photo Credit: Adarsh Gupta K.
3.1.2 R E
C
Road transporta on is the dominant mode of travel in India. In 2012, roads carried approximately 85% of the country’s passenger traffic and 65% of its freight. Roads form the backbone of public transport and connec vity to other modes such as ports and airports. About 40% of road traffic in India is carried by Na onal Highways, however they only account for 2% of the country’s road network. India has a na onal highway density comparable to that of United States, however most highways in India are narrow and congested.
LEGEND
More than 7% of the country’s na onal highway (3144km) is located in Andhra Pradesh1. Two vital na onal highways, NH5 and NH9, intersect at Vijayawada, the current business capital of Andhra Pradesh. Fig.3.1 illustrates the Exis ng Roads in the Capital Region . NH5 connects the Capital Region with the two industrial centers of Chennai and Kolkata, whilst the NH9 connects the Capital Region with Hyderabad and Machilipatnam Port. Several large ci es and towns in the Capital Region, such as Guntur, Gannavaram, Mangalagiri and Nandigama are also located along these two Na onal Highways. High traffic demand is expected along the Na onal Highways, as they are the only roads that connect the Capital Region with other commercial centers. The Krishna River separates the Capital Region into two parts. Presently the two-lane Prakasam Barrage road and the NH5 are the only highways across the Krishna River in the Capital Region, and are heavily congested. 1 Andhra Pradesh State Sta s cal Abstract, Planning Department, 2014
Table 3.1 Exis ng Road Lengths (by type) in Capital Region
Fig.3.1 Exis ng Roads in the Capital Region
Road Type
Length(km)
Percentage
Na onal Highway
1863
14%
State Highway
435
3%
District Road
3176
23%
Village Road
5532
40%
Other
2672
20%
29
30
State Roads link ci es in Guntur district, i.e. Guntur and Tenali, however State Roads are not prevalent in Krishna district due to few major se lements. Major district roads and local roads play a large role in connec ng smaller villages in the Capital Region. Development of rural roads in the Capital Region has been done mainly through the Prime Minister Rural Roads Scheme, which aimed to build allweather single lane, paved asphalted roads to connect all habita ons with a popula on of 500 or above (250 or above for hilly areas). The roads were of indifferent quality constructed by unskilled labour. As the objec ve of the programme was provision of sustenance support to the rural people, the technical standards of asset quality were not insisted upon. As a result, roads constructed under the scheme were o en not durable2. The Na onal Highways Development Project (NHDP), managed by the Na onal Highways Authority of India (NHAI), is upgrading, rehabilita ng and widening major highways in India. The Golden Quadrilateral project, which is one of the keystone projects of the NHDP, also includes the upgrading of NH5 from Kolkata to Chennai via Andhra Pradesh. This was completed in 2013. 2 India Infrastructure Report 2007
The NHDP is currently upgrading and improving the Na onal Highways linking other ci es to the Golden Quadrilateral to improve road connec vity and accessibility (Refer to Chapter 2).
• Poor road quality and under-funded exis ng road maintenance leading to deteriora on of roads
The East Coast Economic Corridor (ECEC) links Kolkata to Chennai via Andhra Pradesh as shown in Fig.3.2. In compliance of the commitment made by the Central Government in the Andhra Pradesh Reorganiza on Act, 2014, Asian Development Bank will focus on the Vizag - Chennai Sec on in the first phase of the study3. The Capital Region is expected to benefit from the development of the ECEC.
The expansion of Na onal Highways and State Roads are expected to alleviate traffic conges on, however there is need to study projected demand in considera on of the new Capital City. Its central loca on makes it an ideal distribu on hub to Chennai, Visakhapatnam and Hyderabad.
Several state governments have been implemen ng a number of state highway projects since 2000. By 2010, state highway projects worth $1.7 billion had been completed, and an addi onal $11.4 billion worth of projects were under implementa on. The state government of Andhra Pradesh had implemented the construc on of 1230 km of state highways as of 2010.
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• Heavy traffic conges on due to insufficient lane capacity • Connec ons in the Capital Region depend on two Na onal Highways • Conges on at Prakasam Barrage due to high traffic demand across the Krishna River
O
A comprehensive regional network of Na onal Highway-level roads are required to ensure that road capacity is sufficient to support the projected growth. Bypass roads can be introduced to relieve conges on in the future Capital City and to allow bypass traffic to circulate around the region unimpeded. A new road hierarchy (high capacity urban roads) will be introduced as an intermediary. Road hierarchy and cross-sec ons are crucial to safeguard land reserves necessary for the road network. Long term strategic plans can help to safeguard these reserves, and iden fy key alignments for development.
Fig.3.2 Na onal Economic Corridor through Andhra Pradesh; Alignment not confirmed
3 Investment opportuni es in Corridors, NIMZ and Cluster under IIUS, 2014 NH5 at Mangalagiri
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
3.1.3 R E
C
Indian railways provide an important mode of transport in India, transpor ng over 24 million passengers and more than 2 million tonnes of freight daily. The Indian rail network connects more than 7,000 sta ons over a total route length of more than 65,000 km and track length of about 115,000 km. Vijayawada Junc on, one of the busiest railway sta ons in India. More than 250 express and 150 freight trains pass through it daily. It serves over 50 million passengers per year. LEGEND
Andhra Pradesh has 5,046 km of railway network. It plays a significant role in boos ng the economy of the state, alongside developing the industrial and the tourism sectors. All the districts in the state are connected by rail. The Capital Region has 2 major sta ons in Vijayawada and Guntur. (Fig.3.3) Two major commu ng lines, JammuDelhi-Kanyakumar, which connects northern and southern India, and the Kolkata-Kanyakumar, which connects eastern and southern India, both intersect at Vijayawada Junc on Sta on1. Overall freight movement by rail in India has grown by 35% between 2002 and 2006 and has been growing by 5.8% annually to 2013 (Fig.3.4). To support the growth, the Ministry of Railways is construc ng new Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFC) to increase in produc vity and reduce in freight transporta on cost. 1 Approach to the 12th Five Year Plan of Andhra Pradesh, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, 2012
800
600
400
200
0 2004
Fig.3.3 Exis ng Rail Network and Railways in Capital Region
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Fig.3.4 Total Freight Traffic moved by Rail (Indian Railways, 2013)
2011
2012
2013
31
32
Two corridors have been constructed (Eastern and Western Corridors), with four addi onal Dedicated Freight Corridors being planned (Refer to Chapter 2). The East Coast Corridor and North South Corridor iden fied intersect at Vijayawada. Machilipatnam Port is also connected to the Capital Region by rail, as shown in Fig.3.5. These freight corridors may introduce a significant por on of freight through-traffic, which may add to conges on at Vijayawada Junc on. The railway lines are undergoing standardiza on, and the Indian Railways are currently upgrading the rail tracks and conver ng the exis ng narrow gauge and meter gauge lines to broad gauge under Project Unigauge. The Ministry of Railway plans to increase rail capacity by doubling and electrifying 14,000 km of the exis ng and poten al overcrowded lines. Key rail sec ons with planned upgrades which benefit the state of Andhra Pradesh are: • Vijayawada-Gudivada-BhimavaramNidadavolu • Gudivada-Machilipatnam, and • Bhimavaram-Narsapur The electrifica on of the Vijayawada Machilipatnam port will also increase freight capacity, therefore suppor ng the Capital Region’s role in the Industrial Corridor. Indian Railways also plans to improve the exis ng conven onal lines to semi-
high speed rail handling speeds of up to 160 km/h, and are proposing highspeed rail on new tracks with improved technology. The Indian Ministry of Railways’ white-paper “Vision 2020” proposed six poten al high-speed rail corridors (HSR) connec ng commercial, tourist, and pilgrimage hubs (Refer Sec on 2.1.1 in Chapter 2). The main High Speed Rail Corridor which would benefit the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region is the Hyderabad - Chennai High-Speed Passenger Corridor, which passes through Vijayawada. Commu ng and freight traffic at Vijayawada Junc on is expected to grow significantly due to the development of the new Capital Region. As the sole rail crossing of Krishna River, conges on is currently occurring at Vijayawada Sta on, with delays of up to 90 minutes . The sta on is running at capacity, and will not be able to accommodate future growth.
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• Development of dedicated freight corridors may introduce significant freight through-traffic at Vijayawada Junc on • Conges on at Vijayawada Junc on • Introduc on of High-speed rail • Need to separate freight and passenger traffic • Need for addi onal rail crossing along Krishna River to alleviate pressure on Vijayawada Sta on
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
O The provision of a bypass freight corridor would help to remove freight throughtraffic from Vijayawada Junc on. This can help Vijayawada Junc on improve capacity for commuter traffic to and from the Capital City. These new corridors should provide alterna ves to the exis ng crossing points across River Krishna to help alleviate the pressure on the exis ng crossing. Transport/Logis cs Hubs can also be introduced in the fringes of the new Capital City, so that commuter traffic can be dispersed without travelling to Vijayawada Junc on first. The High-Speed Rail sta on can also be located within the new Capital City instead of Vijayawada Junc on, therefore improving the capacity of the sta on.
Fig.3.5 Exis ng and Planned DFC Table 3.2 Status of Freight Corridors in 2014
Route Dedicated Freight Corridor
Length (km)
Status
1483
Approved in Rail Budget 2014-15
1839
Approved in Rail Budget 2014-15
Western Dedicated Freight Corridor
Dadri
Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor
Ludhiana
TerminaƟon Point JNPT, Nava Sheva Dankuni
East-West Dedicated Freight Corridor
Kolkata
Mumbai
2000
Planned
North-South Dedicated Freight Corridor
Delhi
Chennai
2173
Planned
East Coast Dedicated Freight Corridor
Kharagpur
Vijayawada
1100
Planned
South-West Dedicated Freight Corridor
Chennai
Goa
890
Planned
Start Point
3.1.4 AVIATION E
C
Increase in air traffic in India over the last decade has placed a heavy strain on the country’s major airports. Andhra Pradesh is well-connected to the avia on network via 1 interna onal airport and 5 domes c airports. There are also 3 interna onal airports in the adjacent states to Andhra Pradesh,namely Chennai, Bangalore and Hyderabad (Fig.3.6). The closest airport to the Capital Region is Vijayawada Airport (IATA: VGA), 18 km east of Vijayawada. It is a mid-sized domes c airport and is currently served by four regular airlines with eight daily scheduled flights. Freight usage at the airport is currently limited. Recent upgrades to the airport include a runway extension (2,285m), and acquisi on of 169 hectares of land for future expansion, bringing its total area to 400 hectares. The Airports Authority of India (AAI) is currently developing and making infrastructural improvements to the Vijayawada Airport to accommodate future increase in air traffic. There are plans to increase the length of the runway to 3,200m, improve exis ng facili es, security and opera ons and construc on of a new runway for domes c services. 1.
Fig.3.6 Exis ng Airports in the vicinity of the Capital Region
1 Deccan Chronicle, 2014
Freight logis cs is not a primary use of the exis ng airport, however the industrializa on of Andhra Pradesh may increase freight share in the airport. Vijayawada Airport is approximately 25 minutes away from Vijayawada by car, 30 minutes by train.
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• Small land area may limit future airport expansion • Inadequate facili es to handle freight • Infrequent public transport services to and from Vijayawada, and other neighbouring ci es
O Addi onal land may be reserved for future expansion in the strategic plans. By doing so, runways capable of receiving larger planes may be built, therefore enabling interna onal flights from Europe and the US. Freight logis cs facili es can be developed to accommodate cargo growth in the airport. The airport can also be developed as a transport/logis cs hub, in order to support be er public transport connec vity to nearby towns and the new Capital City.
33
3.1.5 WATER TRANSPORT 34
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Despite India’s high density of rivers and canals, inland water transporta on remains largely undeveloped. The total cargo transported by the inland waterways was just 0.1% of the total inland waterways traffic in India, compared to 21% for United States. There is poten al growth in the use of the canals for moving freight cargo. The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) has undertaken several projects to develop five Na onal Waterways (Refer Sec on 2.1.1 in Chapter 2), where Na onal Waterway 4 (Fig.3.10) runs through the Capital Region of Andhra Pradesh1.
The waterway connects KakinadaPuducherry canals with Godavari and Krishna rivers and will provide a vital link for transpor ng agricultural products and industrial goods between rural areas and urban centers. It also connects the sea ports of Kakinada, Krishnapatnam, Ennore and Chennai and will facilitate inland import and export of cargo. The Na onal Waterway 4 is expected to transport 11 million tonne cargo per annum. Krishna River is not navigable; its primary purpose is to provide water for irriga on. It is fed by seasonal monsoon rains, and therefore its flow undergoes great fluctua on during the year, limi ng its usefulness for irriga on and transporta on. LEGEND
Na onal Waterway 4 is expected to form the backbone of water transport in the Capital Region. 1 2012
Inland Waterways Authority of India,
Visakhapatnam Port THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Fig.3.7 Na onal Waterway and Air port within Capital Region
The Capital City is located at the key intersec on of Na onal Waterway 4 and therefore is suitable for intermodal transport development. In addi on, Andhra Pradesh has 13 sea ports, along its coast line, and has the second-highest cargo-handling port in India. Visakhapatnam port (Fig.3.8) handled 67 million tonnes of freight in 2011-12. Machilipatnam Port is a re-established port located at a distance of 72 km to the east of Vijayawada2. It is intended for freight transport to Vijayawada and Hyderabad. It is currently linked to Vijayawada by rail. An extension may also be implemented to connect the Capital Region of Andhra Pradesh to this port.
2 Department of Ports, Government of Andhra Pradesh, 2011
Fig.3.8 Ports in the vicinity of the Capital Region
Koneru center, the business center of Machilipatnam
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• Lack of strategies to u lize the underdeveloped canals and rivers • Need to strengthen link between road, rail and water transport
O The establishment of the Na onal Waterways provides an opportunity for the Capital Region to develop a waterroad/rail freight hubs. There is poten al for the freight traffic to be transported via canal to the Capital City, and then transferred to Machilipatnam for export, and viceversa. The use of transport/logis cs hubs to maximize mode transfer from water to rail or road can be done where these intersect.
35
3.1.6 PUBLIC TRANSPORT
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• Conges on due to exis ng public transport systems may hinder efforts to successfully implement a BRTS system • Need to introduce other modes of public transporta on such as mass transit and light rail • Need for an integrated public transporta on plan for the region to link Capital City and Regional Centers
C
Public transport is the pre-dominant mode of motorized local travel in ci es in Andhra Pradesh. This comes in the form of bus, auto and cycle rickshaws. These modes play a significant role in exis ng road conges on. The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corpora on (APSRTC) runs thousands of buses connec ng different parts of the state. APSRTC operates in all ci es and towns of Andhra Pradesh and also operates from and to the neighbouring states, such as to Chennai, Hyderabad and Bangalore. APSRTC serves about 14 million passengers every day. In addi on, the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS), which has been successfully launched in Indian ci es like Delhi, Pune, Ahmedabad, and interna onally in Curi ba, Bogota, and Mexico, was launched in Vijayawada in 2008. Six BRTS corridors were proposed. Phase 1, as shown in Fig.3.9 is near comple on and has a total length of 15.5 km. The BRTS was planned before the considera on of the new Capital City, and therefore there is opportunity to expand and/or incorporate the BRTS to the new Capital City, as well as to satellite ci es in the Capital Region.
I
O Obsolete public transport systems such as cycle rickshaws need to be phased out. By doing so, exis ng conges on may be reduced, thereby easing the implementa on of BRTS. Mass transit systems will be required in the long run to meet the projected public transport demand. A comprehensive Public Transporta on Plan needs to be prepared to guide the planning and development of public transport both at the regional and city level. Transport hubs integra ng these modes (BRTS, mass transit) with the other modes such as rail and roads can be established around the Capital City to ease modal transfer.
There is currently no integrated public transporta on plan for the Andhra Pradesh Region. Fig.3.9 BRTS in Vijayawada Phase 1 (The Municipal Corpora on of Vijayawada, 2014)
3.1.7 NON MOTORIZED TRANSPORT
Modal share (%) vs. different city size in India (International Transport Forum, 2011) 100%
E
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90%
Non-Motorized Transport (NMT) modal share in the ci es in India is the highest among all transport modes. Fig 3.14 shows that walking is the predominant mode for ci es with popula on less than 2 million; however public transport share is higher for ci es with popula on larger than 2 million.
80%
Modal Share
70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0.05-0.1
0.1-0.5
0.5-1.0
1.0-2.0
2.0-5.0
>5.0
City Population (millions) Walk
Cycle
Rickshaw
Intermediate Public Transport
Public Transport
Cars
Motorised Two Wheelers
Fig.3.10 Modal Share in Ci es of Different Sizes in India (Interna onal Transport Forum, 2011)
Exis ng Pedestrian Infrastructure in Vijayawada
Dedicated non-motorized transport facili es are not prevalent in the exis ng road infrastructure. Footpaths and pedestrian crossings are provided only in some of the urban areas. A Wilbur Smith study for the Ministry of Urban Development has found that in most of the ci es in India, less than 30% of the roads have pedestrian footpaths. As a result, many pedestrians currently walk along the road, while cyclists share the same road space as motorized vehicles.
Overflowing Footpath on Bandar Road in Vijayawada
The current engineering guidelines for pedestrian facili es do not meet the needs of pedestrians. Pedestrian and cycling network plans have not been produced for any city in Andhra Pradesh. In a recent joint study of University of Michigan and Indian Ins tute of Technology, Delhi, shows that in India, road traffic fatali es have been increasing at about 8% annually for the last ten years. In Andhra Pradesh, pedestrians and cyclists accidents were the highest in 2006 and 2007. 1 There is need to develop road design guidelines that cater not only for vehicular traffic, but for NMT traffic too. There is also low awareness of pedestrian safety in Andhra Pradesh. There is need to promote pedestrian and cyclist safety, while providing road infrastructure with be er safety features. 1
Transporta on Research Board , 2010
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• Traffic-related deaths are high • Pedestrian and cycling links are not readily available city-wide • No integra on plans with other transport networks • Need for campaigns and promo on of NMT • Need to provide NMT safety features in new road design
O In the new Capital City plan, greenfield condi ons allow the design of NMTfriendly cross-sec ons which can be reproduced in the Capital Region. A pedestrian and cycling network plan is to be produced at City-level to safeguard road reserves where necessary. In addi on, integra on with other modes of transport (i.e. rail and public transport) can be provided by building NMT infrastructure along the infrastructure, for example cycle racks at bus sta ons etc.
3.1.8 KEY TRANSPORT ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES 38
Transport
Key Issues
OpportuniƟes
• Heavy traffic conges on due to insufficient lane capacity • Connec ons within and outside the Capital Region depend solely on the two Na onal Highways • Conges on at Prakasam Barrage due to high traffic demand across the Krishna River • Poor road quality and under-funded exis ng road maintenance leading to deteriora on of roads
• Capital City’s central loca on is ideal as a distribu on hub to Chennai, Visakhapatnam and Hyderabad • Bypass roads to be introduced to relieve conges on in the future Capital City and to allow bypass traffic to circulate around the region unimpeded • Greenfield site allows adop on and implementa on of comprehensive road hierarchy and controls in plot access • Long term strategic plans to help safeguard road reserves, and iden fy key alignments for development
• Development of dedicated freight corridors may introduce significant freight throughtraffic at Vijayawada Junc on • Conges on at Vijayawada Junc on • Introduc on of High-speed rail • Need to separate freight and passenger traffic • Need for addi onal rail crossing along Krishna River to alleviate pressure on Vijayawada Sta on
• The provision of a bypass freight corridor to remove freight through-traffic from Vijayawada Junc on • New rail corridors crossing Krishna River to provide alterna ves to the exis ng crossing • Transport Hubs to be introduced to disperse commuter traffic • The High-Speed Rail sta on to be located within the new Capital City
• Small land area may limit future airport expansion • Inadequate facili es to handle freight logis cs • Infrequent public transport services to and from Vijayawada, and other neighbouring ci es
• Addi onal land may be reserved for future expansion in the strategic plans • Freight logis cs facili es may also be developed to accommodate cargo growth • The airport may be developed as a transport hub to support be er public transport connec vity to nearby towns and the new Capital City.
Water Transport
• Lack of strategies to u lize the under-developed shallow canals and rivers • Need to strengthen link between road, rail and water transport • Seasonal river flow
• Capital Region to develop a water-road/rail freight hubs. • Freight traffic to be transported via canal to the Capital City and then by rail to sea • Long-term strategic plans to encourage inland water transporta on to relieve the busy road and rail network
Public Transport
• Conges on due to exis ng public transport systems may hinder efforts to successfully implement a BRTS system • Need to launch other modern modes of public transporta on such as urban mass rapid transit and light rail • Need for an integrated public transporta on plan for the region to link Capital City and Regional Centers
• Phasing out of obsolete public transport systems such as cycle rickshaws • A comprehensive Public Transporta on Plan to be prepared to guide the planning and development of public transport both at the regional and city level • Mass transit systems to be planned to meet the projected public transport demand
• • • •
• Design of NMT-friendly cross-sec ons in future road network • A pedestrian and cycling network plan to be produced at City-level to safeguard road reserves where necessary • Integra on with other modes of transport (i.e. rail and public transport) can be provided by building NMT infrastructure
Roads
Rail
AviaƟon
Non-motorized Transport
Pedestrian and cycling links are not readily available city-wide; No integra on plans of NMT with other transport networks; Need for campaigns and promo on of NMT Need to provide NMT safety features in new road design
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
3.2 INFRASTRUCTURE 39
The following documenta on have been reviewed to understand the exis ng condi ons and key issues in Andhra Pradesh Capital Region:• Na onal Disaster Management Guidelines: Management of Flood • Report of Working Group on Flooding Management and Region Specific Issues FOR XII Plan • Na onal Rural Drinking Water Programme • District Level Household and Facility Survey 2007-2008 • Vijayawada City Development Plan • Guntur City Development Plan 2006 While many of the issues have been iden fied in these studies, there is no central authority to manage and implement the strategies iden fied in these documents. As previously iden fied, the Andhra Pradesh Infrastructure Development Enabling Act has provided a framework to funding for these projects, however due to lack of focus many programmes may not be ini ated. Addi onally there are opportuni es to obtain benefits for several aspects via a combined development plan, for example the Na onal Waterways development plans can also be developed as part of the Flood Management Plan, as well as the Water Supply plan, by means of deten on basins etc.
Krishna River during monsoon
3.2.1 WATER SUPPLY
from Krishna River.
Vijayawada city.
• 40
E
C
W
Water supply is a state responsibility. There are three authori es sharing this responsibility for Andhra Pradesh Capital Region (Capital Region) currently:• Guntur Municipal Corpora on (GMC), which supplies potable water to the Guntur city and two rural se lements Kori padu and Pedakakani and part of surrounding villages as delineated by VGTM Urban Development Authority (VGTMUDA). • Vijayawada Municipal Corpora on (VMC), which supplies potable water to the Vijayawada city and the surrounding villages. • Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanita on, which is in charge of the rural areas within Capital Region.
W
:
There are two main water sources in Capital Region as follows: • Surface Water - Krishna River was dammed up to create the Prakasam barrage and the associated canals, such as Buckingham Canal and Bandar Canal. • Ground Water - Ground water is commonly used in the upland areas in Guntur District. Most of the places in Guntur and Krishna Districts depend on Krishna River for their drinking water demand. As pointed out in Vijayawada City Development Plan, only 26% of water is ground water while the rest are extracted
S
Capital Region has a general water network for urban areas such as Guntur city and Vijayawada city, consists of water treatment plants, service reservoirs, pumping sta ons and water pipelines. The piped water supply network is inadequate in Capital Region. As reported in the City Development Plan of both Guntur and Vijayawada, water network covers 88% of Vijayawada city area and 77% of Guntur city. Surrounding zones only have 30% network coverage. Although the water supply network coverage is more than 75% in urban areas, only 27 % of the city households are connected to piped water supply network.
A er primary treatment at source, surface water is pumped into the service reservoirs and water tanks. Ground water extracted from the bore wells is pumped into the Over Head Tanks (OHT) directly.
W Quality of the water supplied by the VMC is maintained as per specifica ons of CPHEEO manual as reported in the Vijayawada City Development Plan. Portable water supplied by GMC are treated through chlorina on plants and tested by the Chloroscope apparatus at random places everyday, as reported in the Guntur City Development Plan. The water quality of the rest areas in Capital Region is unknown.
LEGEND
K The high un-accounted water loss is 25% in Guntur and 40% in Vijayawada, and up to 50% in rural township. These water loss are mostly caused by illegal tapping, leaking pipes due to aging water infrastructure and unrecorded usage as some houses are not installed with bulk meter. Portable water supply dura on varies from one hour to 24 hours a day. Situa on of rural areas is even worse. The uncovered area is being supplied through water tankers, or u lize boreholes, canal water, river water etc, for their water supply. There are 4 recorded Water Treatment Plants (WTP) in Capital Region, build next to their sources. All WTPs mainly serve the urban area of Guntur city and
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
• Lack of comprehensive master plan in Water Supply Scheme for Capital Region to implement. • Lack of water supply network distribu on in rural areas. • High un-accounted water loss, 2540% in the urban area and up to 50% in rural township. • Inadequate water supply distribu on. The supply dura on varies from one hour to 24 hours a day. • High level of illegal connec ons
Fig.3.11 Krishna River, its Tributaries and Canal Systems, and Water Supply Sources Table 3.3 Exis ng Water Works in Capital Region
No.
Name
Source
Capacity (MGD)
Capacity (MLD)
Owner
1
KL Rao Head Water Works
Krishna River
29
131.8
VMC
2
Ramalingeshwar Nagar
Krishna River
10
45.5
VMC
3
Takkellapadu Plant gravity filtra on plant
Guntur Channel
10
45.5
GMC
4
Sangam Jagarlamudi Rapid gravity filtra on plant
Kommamur Canal
6
27.3
GMC
3.2.2 WASTE WATER E
C
S Base on the Household Facility Survey 2007-20008, in Andhra Pradesh State, 38.4% households have access to sanita on facili es, including improved source of sanita on, flush toilets not collected by sewers/sep c pits/ twin pits, pits without slab and dry toilets. The rest 61.6% have no toilet and take the use of open space. Households in Capital Region has a be er accessibility compare to the state, 52.2% household in Guntur district and 60.3% household in Krishna district have the access to sanita on facili es.
U G (UGD)
D
transferred through open drains to the nearest water bodies directly. Open drains were designed to carry storm water and no separa on is provided for the sewage and storm water. Untreated sewerage poses a major risk to human health since it contains waterborne pathogens that can cause serious illness. Therefore, an integrated master plan of sewerage treatment network is required in Capital Region.
O
M
Aging sewerage infrastructures, such as pipe incrusta on and pumping corrosion, have been stated in the City Development Report of Vijayawada. It is not reported any authority is taking charge the maintenance of open drains.
K
I Table 3.4 Exis ng Sewage Treatment Plant Capacity in Capital Region
• No comprehensive master plan in UGD scheme for Capital Region to implement. • Suddapalli Donka STP is reaching its life span but no new STP is proposed to serve the GMC areas alterna vely. • Less than 40% of city area is covered by UDG system. • Less than 15% of households can access to the sewerage connec on. • Not enough STP’s are provided to treat the total generated sewerage. • Poten al risks to human health caused by untreated sewage. • Lack of maintenance for UGD and open drains.
No.
LocaƟon of STP
Capacity (MLD)
Owner
1
Azithsinghnagar
27.27
VMC
2
Autonagar
10
VMC
3
Ramalingeswara Nagar
10
VMC
4
Poornanandampet
14
VMC
5
Suddapalli Donka
34
GMC
S
There is an exis ng UGD network in urban areas of Capital Region designed to collect the sewerage. However, the UGD network distribu on is insufficient as it only covers par ally in the urban area. In Guntur city, only 22% of the city area and 32% popula on is served by the exis ng UGD sewerage system. Within the UGD coverage area, only 13% households are connected to sewerage network. In Vijayawada, 40% of the city area is connected the exis ng UGD sewerage system while only 10% households can access to sewerage connec on (City Development Plan). In the areas without UGD, the sanita on is being maintained though individual sep c tanks and open drains. Most of the waste water disposal is being
S
T
P
(STP)
There are 5 recorded STP’s opera ng in Capital Region. VMC managed four STP’s with a total capacity of 61.27 MLD. GMC owns and manages the Sudapalli Donka STP with capacity of 34 MLD. This STP has become almost defunct and the effluent standards a er this plant are not as per standards and this plant is to be revamped immediately. Reported in the Vijayawada City Development Plan, the total sewage genera on in VMC is es mated to be 148MLD, less than half sewage is treated properly. There is a necessity to commission addi onal STP to treat the remaining sewage before disposal.
LEGEND
Fig.3.12 Exis ng Sewage Treatment Plant Loca ons in Capital Region
41
42
3.2.3 STORM WATER
F
A
As reported by the Na onal Disaster Management department, Capital Region is vulnerable to heavy rains and floods. Flood prone areas are iden fied in Fig.3.13. 7% area in Capital Region is highly prone to flood, 31% is prone to flood and 43% is moderately prone to flood. By analyzing the moderate to high risk flooding areas in Capital Region, the factors that cause flooding are heavy rainfall, rise in river level, dal water and problems of canals and drains. Cyclone is also a factor, but it occurs at very low frequency.
R
Rainfall varies considerably across the Andhra Pradesh. Annual rainfall of Capital Region ranges from 800 to 1200 mm. In Guntur district, the average rainfall is 830 mm, experienced mostly by both southwest monsoon and the retrea ng monsoon. Annual rainfall in Krishna district is 1028 mm, mainly contributed by the southwest monsoon.
D
N
Capital Region is located at the downstream of the Krishna Basin. The catchment basin forms part of the Krishna River catchment area. There are several irriga on canals flowing across Capital Region from the Krishna River, such as Buckingham Canal, Eluru Canal, Ryves Canal, Bandar Canal, among others. These water canals contribute in draining the surface run-off, and are referred as the major drainage networks in Capital Region. Primi ve open drains and shallow ditches are used to carry storm water in both rural and urban areas of Capital Region. However, they are currently also used as sewers which collect the waste water disposal. No segrega on is provided for sewage and storm water, except in some city areas where underground drainage exists. The polluted storm water discharge is threatening the water quality of water bodies as well as the surrounding environment.
E
P
A
F
M
Different methods have been adopted to reduce the flood losses and protect the flood plains. However, the current condi on of integrated storm water management is unknown. Regarding to the Report of Working Group on Flooding Management, these measures can be classified as engineering method and non-engineering method. 1. Engineering methods, which are used in flood protec on. It does not reduce the total flood volume but reduce spilling. The exis ng Prakasam Barrage stretches 1223.5 m across the Krishna River connec ng Krishna districts and Guntur district. This Barrage not only helps irriga ng over 1.2 million acres of land, but also acts as a forecast sta on in terms of flooding control. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is an upstream
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
dam of Krishna River, located outside the Capital Region. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam has an associated reservoir located 21km downstream, namely Nagarjuna Sagar tail pond. These two upstream dams can be used as flood control structure to control the total volume flow into Capital Region. Large amount of water can be stored at upstream dams during periods of high discharges in the river and released a er the cri cal high flow condi on is over.
N G
D F
M M
This guideline is published by Na onal Disaster Management Authority and Government of India in January 2008. It sets a direc on to minimize vulnerability to floods and consequent loss of lives, livelihood systems, property and damage to infrastructure and public u li es.
2. Non-engineering methods, which are used to mi gate the flood damage. In India, flood forecas ng and warning is entrusted with the Central Water Commission (CWC). Krishna river systems have 3 Level Forecas ng sta ons and 6 Inflow Forecas ng sta ons, all issued by CWC. The Level forecasts help the rela ve agencies in deciding mi ga ng methods, such as evacua on of people and shi ing people to safer loca ons. The Inflow Forecas ng is used in op mum opera on of reservoirs. It is also used to ensure adequate storage in the reservoirs for mee ng demand during non-monsoon period. Apart from CWC, Andhra Pradesh State owns a Flood Unit, which prepares rainfall maps and basin-wise volume es ma on within the state during monsoon period. LEGEND
Fig.3.13 Flood Map of Capital Region
K
I
• Lack of integrated storm water management and centralized coordina on in the storm water drainage along Krishna River. • Lack of proper storm water drainage network in both urban and rural area. • No separa on between sewage and storm water in the areas without underground waste water drainage. • Insufficient open drains and canals in the flood prone area
3.2.4 SOLID WASTE E W
C G
The City Development plans for Vijayawada and Guntur reports a waste collec on efficiency of over 87% in urban areas. 604.2 tons of solid waste is generated everyday. In Guntur city, 350 tons/d of solid waste is generated. The waste genera on rate is about 600 gms/cap./day. Around 70% of the urban solid waste is bio-degradable. The remaining of waste a er extrac ng the recyclable por on is disposed to open dump yard. Bio-degradable waste is transferred to rela ve industries for manure and power genera on.
W LEGEND
Fig.3.14 Loca on of known Sold Waste facili es in Capital Region
C
The waste is collected from dust bins, street sweeping, cleaning of drains, and transfer through tricycles to reinforced concrete bins. Further transporta on through tractors and dumper placers to the dumping yards located outside the city. The VMC has handed over the collec on of solid waste in hilly areas to private par es in the city, i.e. DWACUA and CMEY.
W
D
Currently there is no landfill site in opera on in Capital Region. The collected solid waste is dumped at villages on the fringes despite s ff opposi on from the local residents. These dumping yards locate at Jakkampudi, Ajithsingh Nagar and
Pathapadu1. It may cause serious health problems and groundwater pollu on where the dumping yard is not treated properly. Solid waste facili es were used to handle the municipal solid waste for a me. However, they were stopped due to both financial and technical issue. These facili es are listed in the following, and current condi ons are unknown. • Genera on of Organic Manure Using Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) by Excel Industries Ltd - Excel plant was established in the year 1995 for manufacturing organic manure from municipal solid wastes. VMC used to transfer around 125 tons/ day of waste to this plant, which was converted into organic manure. The compost plant can generate 30-40 tons of organic manure per day. • 6MW Power Genera on with MSW by Shriram Energy Systems Limited - The treatment plant operated by Shriram Energy Systems used to handle 225 tons/d. the solid waste was converted to RDF pellets which then loaded on to the boiler for burning along with other fuels to generate 6MW of power per day. • Bio-Methana on Plant - 20 tons/ day of vegetable waste and slaughterhouse waste is processed for Methane Gas and power genera on at this Bio- Methana on Plant.
F
P
Solid Waste Management is one of the top priori es of the Government of Andhra Pradesh. The Commissioner & Director of Municipal Administra on has submi ed a dra Strategy on Andhra Pradesh Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management, 2014 for approval. This document outlines the strategies to be adopted by the Government to manage solid waste, and includes a framework such as 5Rs Hierarchy of Waste Management (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover and Remove) as the main approach to manage waste
K
I
• Lack of solid waste facili es serving the Capital Region. • Poten al contamina on of ground water from non- engineering dumping yard. • Inefficient collec on and disposal in rural areas. • Lack of rural waste genera on data.
43
3.2.5 POWER SUPPLY 44
E A
P P
S
S
The state of Andhra Pradesh is located in the southern part of India and forms a major cons tuent of the southern grid. Major electricity genera on are via thermal and the hydro power plants, operated by Andhra Pradesh Power Genera on Company (APGENCO). In 2013, Andhra Pradesh was the fourth largest power genera ng state in the country and also had the largest hydro power genera on capacity in India At present, Andhra Pradesh has a total installed power genera on capacity of 16,817 MW from all the sources. Of these, 11,771 MW is from thermal, 3,737 MW is from Hydro, 1,036 MW is from Renewable energy sources and 276 MW is from Nuclear. Private players also have considerable presence in Andhra Pradesh. Private power plants opera ng in the state use transmission lines managed by Andhra Pradesh Transmission Company (APTRANCO) that looks a er the transmission of electricity in the state. The power generated by all power plants in Andhra Pradesh is being fed to the Southern Grid, which is accessible to all states linked to the grid.
The ins tu onal structure of the electricity sector in Andhra Pradesh can be categorized into four main domains i.e. Regula on, Genera on, Transmission and Distribu on. In Andhra Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (APERC) look a er regula on related ma ers, APGENCO is engaged in power genera on, APTRANCO is mainly responsible for transmission and there are four electricity distribu on companies, Eastern Power Distribu on Corpora on of AP Ltd , Southern Power Distribu on Corpora on of AP Ltd, Central Power Distribu on Corpora on of AP Ltd and Northern Power Distribu on Corpora on of AP Ltd managing distribu on in four zones. of the State. The major transmission lines in India are 500kV (HVDC), 765kV, 400kV, 220kV, 132kV. The local distribu on lines are 11kV and 33kV.
F
P
There are 25 planned power genera on projects in Andhra Pradesh, with capacity ranging from 70MW to 4000MW to serve the region and the surrounding states.
K The key issues of power sector are as follows: • Increase in installed genera on capacity was not commensurate with the increase in demand. • Plant Load Factor of thermal sta ons was decreased to 78% by FY 201314 leading to frequent outages par cularly during monsoon season. • Loss of power genera on due to low coal stock in Thermal Power Plants • Improper maintenance of Distribu on Infrastructure such as Substa ons. Feeders, Distribu on Transformers, Poles and Wires. • Untapped renewable energy sector
LEGEND
Fig.3.15 Loca on of Thermal Power Plants in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
Table 3.5 indicates the exis ng thermal power plant at Andhra Pradesh.
Table 3.5 Exis ng Power Plant and Capacity in Andhra Pradesh
Power StaƟon
LocaƟon
District
Capacity (MW)
Ramagundam B TPS Kothagudem TPS Kothagudem V Stage TPS Dr Narla Tatarao TPS Rayalassema TPS Kaka ya TPS Ramagundam STPS Simhadri STPS
Ramagundam Paloncha Paloncha Ibrahimpatnam Cuddapah Chelpur Jyothi Nagar Simhadri
Karimnagar Khammam Khammam Krishna YSR Kadapa Warangal Karimnagar Visakhapatnam
62.5 720 500 1760 840 500 2600 1000
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Kaka ya Thermal Power Plant, Andhra Pradesh
3.2.6 KEY INFRASTRUCTURE ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES Key Issues
OpportuniƟes
Water Supply
• Lack of comprehensive master plan in Water Supply Scheme for Capital Region to implement. • Lack of water supply network distribu on in rural areas. • High un-accounted water loss, 25-40% in the urban area and up to 50% in rural township. • Inadequate water supply distribu on. The supply dura on varies from one hour to 24 hours a day. • High level of illegal connec ons
• An integrated water supply scheme for Capital Region, including water conserva on and water demand management strategies. • Opportunity for expansion and upgrading of water supply infrastructure, to enhance the water supply network, and to reduce high un-accounted water losses in the new capital. • Introduce alterna ve water sources, including treated waste water effluent and storm water from rainwater harves ng.
Waste water
• No comprehensive master plan in UGD scheme for Capital Region to implement. • Suddapallis Donka STP is reaching its life span but no new STP is proposed to serve the GMC areas alterna vely. • Less than 40% of city area is covered by UDG system. • Less than 15% of households can access to the sewerage connec on. • Not enough STP’s are provided to treat the total generated sewerage. • Poten al risks to human health caused by untreated sewage. • Lack of maintenance for UGD and open drains.
Storm Water
• Unknown condi on of integrated storm water management and centralized coordina on in the storm water drainage planning amongst Guntur district and Krishna district. • Lack of proper storm water drainage network in both urban and rural area. • Poten al water pollu on caused by polluted discharge since no separa on between sewage and storm water in the areas without UGD. • Insufficient open drains and canals in the flood prone areas.
• Opportunity for improving and expanding drainage network, including provide roadside drains for all roads and enhance the opera on and maintenance for all canals. • Use of the Flood Protec on Zone concept, green buffer such as grass land and woodland should be provided at the banks of the exis ng water bodies. • Implement the Na onal Disaster Management Guideline of Flood Management, to minimize the vulnerability to floods. • Develop the Water Sensi ve Urban Design (WSUD), to achieve a sustainable storm water system.
Solid Waste
• • • •
• Implement the framework Andhra Pradesh Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management, including the hierarchy of waste management (5R: reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and remove). • Opportunity to iden fy proper landfill site base on the ETZ concept in the Landuse Master plan.
Power Supply
Lack of solid waste facili es serving the Capital Region. Poten al contamina on of ground water from non- engineering dumping yard. Inefficient collec on and disposal in rural areas. Lack of rural waste genera on data.
• Increase in installed genera on capacity was not commensurate with the increase in demand. • Plant Load Factor of thermal sta ons was decreased to 78% by FY 2013-14 leading to frequent outages par cularly during monsoon season. • Loss of power genera on due to low coal stock in Thermal Power Plants • Improper maintenance of Distribu on Infrastructure such as Substa ons. Feeders, Distribu on Transformers, Poles and Wires. • Untapped renewable energy sector
• Opportunity for expansion and upgrading the exis ng waste water collec on infrastructures, to provide sufficient sanita on facili es and STP’s in both rural and urban areas. • Introduce the concept of Environmental Treatment Zone (ETZ), isolate and treat all the unwanted waste far from the residen al area and minimize contact between the residents and the waste.
• Opportunity to develop renewable energy in the region • Solid Waste Management integra on by developing biofuels etc in the ETZ • Introduce renewable energy power supply to the rural areas
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THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
4
DIMENSIONS OF GROWTH
The economic development and socio-demographic strategy for a specific region would involve integra ng the current strengths of the region viz. exis ng economic ac vity levels, socio-demographic indicators, connec vity and linkages, natural resources, etc. with the overall vision of developing the region into a sustainable urban/ economic center. In view of this, a detailed review of the influence region (viz. Andhra Pradesh state) and the Capital Region has been undertaken to understand the current economic and demographic scenario, economic posi oning, key natural resources and raw materials present, industrial ac vity, infrastructure and key ini a ves proposed under the AP Reorganiza on Act, etc. This chapter is divided into the following sub sec ons: 1. Review of Exis ng Socio-Economic Informa on; 2. Regional Economic Analysis; 3. Benchmarking of Capital Ci es; 4. Economic Development Strategy for Capital Region; 5. Broad Demographic Projec ons.
School Kids near Vijayawada
4.1 REVIEW OF EXISTING SOCIO ECONOMIC INFORMATION 48
4.1.1 REGIONAL CONTEXT Andhra Pradesh Overview Located in the south-eastern part of the country, Andhra Pradesh state is bordered by Odisha & Chha sgarh on the North, Telangana & Karnataka on the west, Tamil Nadu towards the south and Bay of Bengal on the east. The new state of Andhra Pradesh is spread across an area of approximately 160,200 square kilometers and divided into 13 districts with a total popula on base of approximately 49 million (2011). Andhra Pradesh is endowed with a variety of geographic features such as Eastern Ghats, Nallamala Forest and the state is fed by Krishna and Godavari rivers. The state boasts of vast arable fer le land and rich endowments of natural resources such as asbestos, coal, limestone, granite, bauxite, gypsum, manganese, etc. Some of the major urban centers in the Andhra Pradesh state include Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Tirupa , Guntur and Nellore. Regional ConnecƟvity Andhra Pradesh state is characterized by excellent intra and inter-state connec vity through road viz. NH-5 (part of Golden Quadrilateral) & NH9, domes c & interna onal airports, extensive railway network and 5 opera onal sea ports.
The state is very well connected to the regional and na onal economic hubs such as Hyderabad, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Bengaluru, Mumbai, etc. via these transit nodes Fig.4.1 highlights the strategic loca onal advantages of the state in context of the region. The loca on of the state along the eastern coast and its proximity to various economic hubs in the region have the poten al to be the eastern gateway of India (like Mumbai which is the western gateway of India) with the Capital Region being located centrally to all the regional economic hubs. Economic Scenario As discussed in the preceding sec on, the state has vast arable land and it accounts for a large agricultural produc on in the country. It has abundant availability of mineral resources geographically spread over all the 13 districts of the state. Fig.4.2 highlights the geographical spread of the state, the key natural resources, exis ng industrial ac vity and a few notable industrial clusters.
Fig.4.1 Strategic loca on of the State THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
As highlighted before, the abundant availability of various raw materials (agricultural produce, minerals, etc.), biggest natural gas reserves (viz. KG basin near Kakinada) and exis ng industrial eco-system, etc. provides significant opportuni es for the state to evolve as one of the most prominent industrial hubs in the country by aggressively expanding into the downstream ac vi es of already established industrial ac vi es such Food processing, Tex le, Automo ve, non-metallic mineral products, etc. Key iniƟaƟves proposed under AP ReorganizaƟon Act 2014 The future economic development of the region is influenced by the inherent strengths of the region as well as the key economic ini a ves already proposed in the influence region. In this context, we have undertaken an assessment of the key economic/ infrastructure ini a ves proposed in the AP Reorganiza on Act, which could be leveraged while developing an economic strategy framework for the state. Some of the key ini a ves proposed include: InformaƟon Technology Investment Regions (ITIR) ~ the government has proposed investments worth INR 450,000 million to develop 9,000 acres as ITIR region. The regions are expected to employ 0.4 million people once it’s fully opera onal by 2038.
Fig.4.2 Regional Context showing key natural resources, exis ng industrial ac vi es & industrial clusters
NaƟonal Investment and Manufacturing Zone (NIMZ) ~ as part of the Act, two NIMZs have also been proposed at Prakasam and Chi or districts which are to be developed on a land area of approximately 5,000 Ha and 6,000 Ha respec vely. The two proposed manufacturing zones are expected to witness an investment of INR 300,000 million and will be able to generate an employment of approximately 0.3 million. Establishment of a new port at Durgarajapatnam ~ A new sea port at Durgarajapatnam in Nellore district is proposed to be developed by central Government on a land area of approx. 2,035 ha. Land acquisi on for the new port is currently under progress. Expansion of exisƟng Airports ~ Current domes c airports of Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada and Tirupa are expected to upgraded to interna onal airports. Integrated Steel Plant at Cuddapah ~ The government has envisaged development of an integrated steel plant in Cuddapah with the produc on capacity of 5 million tons. Total investment outlay for the project will be INR 200,000 million. It is expected to generate an employment of approximately 10,000 people. Land acquisi on for the en re project is currently in progress.
49
50
EducaƟon infrastructure ~ The State was also promised se ng up of several renowned ins tu ons such as IIT, IIM, NIIT, AIIMS, Petroleum university, Agricultural university, etc. ~ expected to aid the economic growth of the region, by providing required skill set to employable popula on. Visakhapatnam – Chennai Industrial Corridor ~ Asian Development Bank is expected to provide a financial assistance of approximately INR 150,000 million to develop the Visakhapatnam-Chennai industrial corridor proposed by the Central government. Visakhapatnam, Kakinada, Machilipatnam and Tirupa have been iden fied as the key nodes on the aforesaid industrial corridor. Apart from the ci es men oned above, the industrial corridor will pass through ci es such as Rajahmundry, Vijayawada, Guntur, Nellore, Gudur, etc. The industrial corridor is expected to generate a manufacturing output of approximately INR 3,000 billion by 2025. Development of Metro Rail Facility ~ The Andhra Pradesh government has announced development of 2 metro rail networks in Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam. Vijayawada-GunturTenali-Mangalagiri metro rail (VGTM) is expected to have 4 corridors covering approximately 50 kilometers in phase 1.
4.1.2 CAPITAL REGION OVERVIEW The Capital region (Capital Region) is spread over parts of Krishna and Guntur districts and covers a total area of approx.7,420 sq. km. The capital region comprises of 291 small villages, 9 medium towns, 1 large city & 1 metropolitan city. It has a total current popula on of approx. 5.8 million. The economy of the region is primarily driven by agricultural and services sectors (viz. trading, construc on, hospitality). Some of the major crops grown in the region include paddy, jowar, co on, chili, sugarcane, etc. The capital region is strategically located centrally to the 2 major urban agglomera ons viz. Vijayawada and Guntur. Further, the region has a strong network of transport infrastructure via rail (Vijayawada and Guntur ci es have major railway sta ons), roads (the NH-5 and the NH- 9 passes through the region), and a domes c airport near Vijayawada city (proposed interna onal airport). Further, the capital region is located at a distance of approx. 27 km from the proposed sea port in Machilipatnam, which is expected to handle a cargo capacity of 17 million tonnes.
Fig.4.3 Airport, Port & Railway Infrastructure THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
4.2 REVIEW OF EXISTING SOCIO ECONOMIC IN FORMATION 4.2.1 ECONOMIC AND SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE GçÄãçÙ D®ÝãÙ®ã EÊÄÊî PÙÊ¥®½ Guntur district is one of the largest districts in the state. 84% of the district domes c product (DDP) of Guntur district is cons tuted by the services and agriculture segments.
Fig.4.4 Guntur District Economy
Fig.4.6 Guntur District Economic Composi on
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
The district is home to various agricultural commodi es viz. Chili (Guntur houses the largest chili market in the country), paddy, tobacco, co on, and minerals such as limestone, quartz, copper, lead, etc. Guntur district is regarded as one of the major agricultural and tex le hub of India.
EÊÄÊî CÊÃÖÊÝ®ã®ÊÄ – GçÄãçÙ D®ÝãÙ®ã As men oned above, primary and ter ary sectors have been the dominant sectors contribu ng to the DDP of Guntur district. The ter ary sector contributed approximately 55% to the total DDP in 2012-13. Addi onally, the primary sector (primarily led by produc on of chilies, co on, tobacco, etc.) has contributed 29% to the overall DDP in 2012-13. Further, in terms of contribu on by the sub-segments, agriculture segment has been the largest contributor to the overall primary sector. Fig.4.5 Guntur District Demographic Overview
Fig.4.7 Guntur District Employee Distribu on
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
In the secondary sector, construc on and manufacturing have been the major contributors with a contribu on of approximately 83%. However, even distribu on has been witnessed amongst the sub-segments of the ter ary sector.
DÃʦÙÖ«® OòÙò®ó ~ GçÄãçÙ D®ÝãÙ®ã Guntur is regarded as the second largest district in the state of Andhra Pradesh in terms of popula on figures (4.88 million as of 2011). Agriculture based industries such as Food & Beverages, Tobacco and Tex les are providing extensive employment opportuni es to the worker popula on in the district. In terms of educa onal scenario of the district, significant improvement has been witnessed in the overall number of students appearing for the senior secondary examina on from approximately 37,000 students in the year 2007 to about 46,000 in 2012. Addi onally, the pass percentage has witnessed a tremendous increase from 73% in 2007 to approximately 91% in 2012. The pie-chart on the le highlights the age-group classifica on, wherein the majority of the popula on is observed to be concentrated in the age group of 15-59 (cons tu ng approximately 65% of the total popula on of Guntur district in 2011). Further, 17% of the total popula on falls under the agegroup of 5-14. These trends highlight the significant employable popula on that the region will be able to supply going forward.
51
52
In terms of educa onal scenario of the district, significant improvement has been witnessed in the overall number of students appearing for the senior secondary examina on from approximately 37,000 students in the year 2007 to about 46,000 in 2012. Addi onally, the pass percentage has witnessed a tremendous increase from 73% in 2007 to approximately 91% in 2012.
KÙ®Ý«Ä D®ÝãÙ®ã EÊÄÊî PÙÊ¥®½ Krishna district, which is located towards the north of Guntur district, is one of the highly developed districts in the state. Services and Agriculture are regarded as the most important ac vi es of the district. Approximately 86% of the district domes c product is cons tuted by the above men oned segments. Further, the district is characterized by presence of rich variety of soils due to which agriculture has emerged as an important occupa on. The district also has rich mineral base including limestone, chromite, iron ore, mica, etc.
EÊÄÊî CÊÃÖÊÝ®ã®ÊÄ As men oned above, primary and ter ary sectors have been the dominant sectors contribu ng to the GDP growth of Krishna district. The ter ary sector contributed approximately 58% to the total DDP in 2012-13. Addi onally, primary sector (primarily led by produc on of paddy) has contributed 28% to the overall DDP in 2012-13. Further, in terms of contribu on by the sub-segments, agriculture segment has been the largest contributor to the overall primary sector. In the secondary sector, construc on and manufacturing have been the major contributors with a contribu on of approximately 80%. However, even distribu on has been witnessed amongst the sub-segments of the ter ary sector.
Senior Secondary Results ~ Total number of Students 50,000
40,000
40,949
38,904
37,770
46,351
44,625
42,253
Contribution to GDDP (2012-13) – INR 267,480 Mn
42,273
36,893
35,342
58%
31,455 30,000
28%
40,750
14%
27,908
20,000
10,000
0
Primary Sector
2007
2008
2009
2010
Students Appeared
2011
Secondary Sector
Tertiary Sector
2012
Students Passed
Fig.4.8 Guntur Senior Secondary Results
Fig.4.10 Krishna District Economy
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
DÃʦÙÖ«® OòÙò®ó Fig.4.11 highlights the age-group classifica on, wherein the majority of the popula on is observed to be concentrated in the age group of 1559 (cons tu ng approximately 66% of the total popula on of Guntur district in 2011). Further, 17% of the total popula on falls under the age-group of 5-14. These trends highlight the significant employable popula on that the region will be able to supply going forward.
Composition of GDDP – 2012-13 74,210 Mn
38,730 Mn
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
154,540 Mn 10%
100%
7% 17%
20% 80%
38%
42%
22% 60% 40%
2%
23%
66% 24%
41%
14% 20%
33%
18% 3%
0% Primary Sector
Agriculture based industries such as Food & Beverages and Tex les are providing extensive employment opportuni es to the worker popula on in the district as depicted in Fig.4.12
Population by Age- Group (2011) – 4.5 Million
Secondary Sector
Agriculture Forestry Mining Construction Trade Services Banking & Communication Public Administration & Other Services
20% Tertiary Sector
Livestock Fishery Utilities Manufacturing Transport Real Estate
0-4
5-14
15-59
60+
Fig.4.9 Krishna District Economic Composi on
Fig.4.11 Krishna District Demographic Overview
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
No. of Workers (2011)
Name of Industry
% Value
Food & Beverages 16,219 Tobacco Products 41 Textiles 2,891 Leather Products 944 Wood Products 1,122 Paper Products & Printing 2,139 Refined Petroleum Products 474 Chemical Products 1,743 Rubber & Plastic Products 919 Non-metallic Minerals 2,101 Basic & Fabricated Metals 3,371 Total 31,964 Fig.4.12 Krishna District Employee Distribu on
Senior Secondary Results ~ Total number of Students
51% 0% 9% 3% 4% 7%
60000
1% 5% 3% 7% 11% 100%
20000
50000
43,649
41,295
40,124
37,093
40000
49,069
46,820
45,151
50,944
30000
10000 0 2008
2009
2010
Students Appeared
2011
Students Passed
Fig.4.16 Krishna District Senior Secondary School Results
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
Source: Directorate of Economics & Sta s cs
Data Sources
Publica ons
Descrip on
Directorate of Economics and Sta s cs Handbook of Sta s cs 2011; Guntur Popula on by Age group, Industry wise number of District & Krishna District workers, Number of students District Domes c Product of Andhra District Domes c Product (DDP), Break up of District Pradesh (2004-05 – 2011) Domes c Product Fig.4.13 Data Source Nuzivid
Nandigama
5
6
City
Popula on
Vijayawada
1.5
Key Economic Ac vity Regional Economic hub ~ Trading, hospitality, retail
Vijayawada
1 2
Mangalagiri
0.07
Handloom Industry (Sarees)
Guntur
0.65
Red Chilly Export, cot-
In terms of educa onal scenario of the Krishna district, significant improvement has been witnessed in the overall number of students appearing for the senior secondary examina on from approximately 45,000 students in the year 2008 to about 51,000 in 2011. Addi onally, the pass percentage has witnessed a marginal increase from 82% in 2008 to approximately 86% in 2011. Key data sources collated and analyzed For the purpose of undertaking the economic and socio-demographic analysis of the Capital Region, we have collated and analyzed various data sources. The key data collated and analyzed has been presented in Fig.4.14
4.2.2 SPATIAL ECONOMIC POSITIONING 53
Based on the detailed mapping of the region, it was understood that the Capital Region is located on either sides of river Krishna with various urban nodes forming part of the region. Further, a detailed assessment of these urban nodes and the corridors leading to these nodes reveals a certain character a ached to them in terms of raw material present, type of industrial ac vity in the region and other geographical features, etc. The exhibit (Fig.4.15) highlights the spa al spread of the Capital Region and the economic posi oning of various urban nodes in the region. In addi on, the study team undertook a detailed mapping of each of the corridors connec ng the urban centers within the Capital Region to iden fy and understand the economic drivers for each of these nodes, which are cri cal to establish an appropriate posi oning strategy for the region.
Gudivada
7
Mangalagiri
Further, considerable employment has been witnessed in the Non-Metallic Minerals industry (7%) and Metals (11%) primarily due to the presence of limestone, chromite and iron ore deposits.
ton spinning/ginning
Guntur
3
Tenali
4
Tenali
0.16
Trade & Agriculture
Nandigama/
0.04
Industrial clusters (power,
Kondapalli
pharma, plas cs, chemical, etc.)
Nuzivid
0.06
Mango Exports
Gudivada
0.12
Aquaculture, Food processing
AP Capital Region
Fig.4.14 Spa al spread of Capital Region Source: JURONG Research
Fig.4.15 Key economic ac vity
Fig.4.17 Happy school students at Cricket Academy in Amaravathi Township
54
Key Vectors – Capital Region Vector 1: Vijayawada-Guntur-Tenali (southern vector) The vector is primarily characterized by agricultural, sporadic industrial and ins tu onal ac vity. Guntur city is the major urban agglomera on in the vector, which is known for its large Chili yard and educa on infrastructure. The city is also the administra ve headquarters of the district. It is also the key transit point for various parts of the district. The Mangalagiri-Tenali vector also has a creek passing along the main arterial road rendering the scenic view of the vector. The vector
Vector 2: Nandigama– Nuzvid – Gudivada (northern vector) The vector is characterized by the presence of prominent ac vity nodes including Vijayawada, Gudivada, Nuzivid, Nandigama, etc. Vijayawada, the second largest city in the state is located in the vector. The city is widely known for its trading ac vi es viz. agricultural trading, transporta on, automo ve, retail, etc.
has good intra city connec vity through road and rail connec vity. Fig.4.18 highlights the character of vector 1.
economic
Vijayawada
Key Industries
F&B, Textile
Key Minerals
Sand, Granite, Gravel
VNS RMC Ultra Tech RMC
NRI Hospital Agrigold Haailand
CRDA
Snapshot
N Key Agro Produce
Sugarcane, Fruits, Fish
Key Industries
F&B, Aquaculture, Power, Auto Components, Pharmaceutical
Coca Cola
N W
E Guntur
Mirchi Yard
Kamakshi Cold storage
NSL Garments Krishna Prasad Cold Storage
Cold Storages
Others
Jersey Milk
CRDA RD
APHM
Engineering
HIL
Non Metallic
Nifty Labs, ORC labs, Kekule, Orch
Pharmaceutica l
Hindustan Food Products
F&B
Spices Park
Eastern Condiments
Delta Sugar Lanco power
NSL Textiles
Edlapadu
NKR Textiles
Road Network Water Canal Railway Line Figure 19: Vector 1 Source ~ JURONG Research
Fig.4.18 Vector 1 Source: JURONG Research THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Plastic
Navata Transport
Logistics
VRL Transport
Logistics
SR Auto
Auto components
Godrej Agrovet
APPM Ltd
Model Dairy Best Price
Aquaculture Production Ponnur
Ruchi Soya
Vijayawada
Autonagar industrial cluster
Jayalakshmi Spinning mills
NG Fertiliser
NTTP
L&T Infocity
VD Polymers, Lorvens, Bhavana
Rahamankhan Tobacco Pearl Beverages
Tenali
Sneha Foods
Hanuman Jn
Vijayanag Polymer
CCI Products Amulya Enterprises
Textile Cluster
Industrial
CPF Pvt. Ltd
Kondapalli industrial cluster
Acharya Nagarjuna University
S
N
Priya Foods
IJM Raintree
Cold Storage Cluster
Textile
Nuzivid Mulpuri Feeds
Mangalgiri
Mirchi, Cotton
Fig.4.19 highlights the key economic character of the vector
The vector has good inter-city connec vity through road and rail. The domes c airport is also located in the vector.
VECTOR 1 - SNAPSHOT Key Agro Produce
The vector is primarily characterized by agricultural and sporadic industrial ac vity. The exis ng ac vity is characterized by power, auto components, pharmaceu cal, aquaculture and F&B industries. Further, the vector comprises of established industrial clusters such as Kondapalli Industrial cluster, Autonagar Industrial cluster, etc.
Mulpuri Fisheries Gannaram Airport
N W
E
Kanakadurga Agro Oil
S
Priya Foods
Gudivada KCP Sugar
F&B
Figure 20: Vector 2 Source ~ JURONG Research
Fig.4.19 Vector 2 Source: JURONG Research
Industrial
Others
Aquaculture
Road Network
Railway Line
• • • •
Common capital for Telangana & AP IT/ITeS hub Bulk Drug capital of India Established Biotech/Aerospace eco-system
Largest city in Andhra Pradesh Largest sea port on east coast Significant manufacturing activity in petro chemical, steel, pharma, etc. • Nascent IT/ITeS activity
• • •
Hyderabad
Rajahmundry
Key advantages of CRDA vis-à-vis other regions of AP • Skilled manpower • Adequate drinking water • Significant food produce • Central location to all parts of AP • Excellent transportation network • Existing social infrastructure in urban centers • Existing Agriculture production • Existing Manufacturing strenghts • • • •
Vijayawada & Guntur are the largest cities in CRDA • Hub for major food production • Significant Textile manufacturing • Education hub •
Hinterland Sectors (AP State & Regional Synergies)
Agro & Food Processing
• • •
Guntur
E S
Chemicals and
Region) Krishnapatnam
Chennai
• Capital of Tamilnadu state • Manufacturing hub of India • Significant Auto and electronics manufacturing • Considerable IT exports
Source: JURONG Research
Sunrise Sectors (Global & India Growth)
Non-Metallic Products Prod duc u ts
Administrative sectors
Demand Pull Sectors
(Government Bureaucracy)
(Synergies from other India growth regions)
Secretariat
Assembly
Courts &
Electronics/Hardware
tribunals Head quarters of key Govt.
Textile
Logistics
departments Housing for Assembly
Food & Beverages
members &
Tourism, Leisure & Film City
bureaucrats Pharma/Bio-tech
W
Capital Region AP CRDA
PCPIR (Petroleum,
Bengaluru
Aquaculture
Temple town Significant floating pilgrim population Established education hub Tirupati
Textile & Garment Manufacturing
N
Petrochemicals Investment
Capital of Karnataka state IT/ITeS hub of India Aerospace/defence hub Established electronics ecosystem
Fig.4.20 Regional Economic Posi oning
Kakinada nada
• PCPIR • Fertilizer manufacturing
Vijayawada
4.3 REGIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Vizag
Rubber & Plastics
Public facilities such as housing, hospitals, etc.
IT/ITES Engineering
Fig.4.21 Poten al Economic Drivers for Capital Region Source: JURONG Research
Aerospace/ Defense
4.3.1 REGIONAL ECONOM IC POSITIONING OF CAPITAL REGION The Capital Region is located in proximity to some of the major economic nodes in the region such as Hyderabad, Chennai, Bengaluru, Visakhapatnam, Tirupa , etc. Further, these economic hubs are characterized by unique economic posi oning that defines the key guiding principles of economic development in these regions. Fig.4.20 highlights the economic posi oning of these hubs and the advantages of the Capital Region visà-vis the other urban centers in the region that have the poten al to define the economic posi oning of the Capital Region going forward. As highlighted in Fig.4.20, the key advantages of the capital region include its adequate availability of skilled workforce (viz. Engineering, F&B, IT/ ITeS, Tex le, etc.), rich agriculture produc on (viz. paddy, chilies, jowar, sugarcane, co on, etc.), central loca on to major economic centers, availability of drinking water to cater to growing needs of urban agglomera on and excellent transporta on network.
4.3.2 POSSIBLE FUTURE ECONOMIC DRIV ERS FOR AP CAP ITAL REGION The key findings from the preceding modules have been analyzed to iden fy the poten al future economic drivers for the capital region. While doing so, various factors such as hinterland synergies, domes c & export demand, upcoming industry opportuni es and Govt. policy push, etc. have been analyzed in detail. Based on preliminary assessment, the future economic drivers for the capital region could be broadly divided into 4 categories: • Hinterland Sectors – This category comprises of sectors which have high hinterland synergies in terms of raw material availability, basic infrastructure, upstream/downstream network, etc. • Sunrise Sectors – This category includes the industrial sectors exhibi ng strong growth prospects at India as well as global level. • AdministraƟve Sectors – Development of capital region necessitates the development of administra ve facili es for func oning of the Government thereby triggering the economic development of the region • Demand pull sectors - This category comprises of sectors witnessing higher growth in the other regions of India, thereby offering opportuni es for the region
55
4.4 REGIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
4.4.2 ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL STATISTICAL
4.4.1 CRITICAL PARAMETERS FOR ECONOMIC PRIORITIZATION
The economic data pertaining to the iden fied industrial/economic clusters has been analyzed to iden fy the high growth poten al sectors for the capital region. This has been achieved through a weighted average ra ng of the sectors at a global, India and regional level using a priori za on matrix for the parameters listed above.
Reflective of core production competencies
Representative of expansion opportunities
56
The preliminary category of economic ac vi es iden fied as part of the above module have been analyzed in detail in terms of understanding the various parameters such as industry output, key growth trends, employment genera on poten al, FDI, export poten al, etc. to arrive at most promising industrial and economic uses for the capital region. Fig.4.22 highlights the cri cal parameters analyzed to evaluate the high poten al sectors that could priori ze the economic development in the region. Further, to comprehend the industry dynamics and to evaluate the opportunity for the Capital Region, various modules of studies have been undertaken including: • Analysis of economic data pertaining to various industrial segments • Stakeholder mee ngs (industrial occupants, industrial associa ons, Govt. Authori es) to gauge inputs on the outlook for the sectors • Opportunity assessment for industry at India, state and the region level through primary and secondary research
The key data sources that have been u lized to undertake this module are as highlighted in the Fig.4.23
HISTORICAL & FUTURE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE
As part of this module, mee ngs with key stakeholders have been undertaken to gauge their inputs on industry growth drivers, raw material availability, upstream/downstream network in region, Govt. policy push and the future outlook for the sector, etc., which are the cri cal parameters that drive the industrial development ac vity in a region.
Employment
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Identification of Prominent Industry SubSegments
Exports / Imports
JOB CREATION
Over 40 interac ons have already been undertaken and more mee ngs are currently being undertaken to obtain comprehensive feedback on the poten al industrial and economic uses for the capital region.
Reflective of high growth industries
Production
TRADE OPPORTUNITIES
4.4.3 PERCEPTION STUDY
Direct and telephonic survey conducted across Govt. En es, manufacturing establishments, tourism operators, entertainment & Film city operator, Economic Service sector units, etc. to obtain qualita ve feedback.
GLOBAL, INDIA & AP MARKET
Reflective of demand for specific sub-segments through exports / imports
Growth
INVESTMENT
FDI / Investments
Reflective of Investment trends Æ Direct correlation with future investment opportunities
Reflective of amount of employment Æ opportunities of employment generation Fig.4.22 Cri cal parameter analysed to evaluate the economic priori za on
Data Sources Global Industrial Database
Publisher
Descrip on
United Na onal Industrial Develop- Value of Output, Exports, Imports, etc. ment Organiza on (UNIDO)
Industrial Database (India)
Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)
Value of Output, Investments, Employment, Number of Factories, etc.
Industrial Database (Andhra Pradesh)
Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)
Value of Output, Number of Factories, Number of Employees, etc.
Fig.4.23 Data Source
Industrial Interactions Break-up ~ Over 35 Interactions Conducted* F&B
Prominent companies Aricent Technology
Ashok Leyland
Delta Sugars
Engineering Non Metallic Mineral Products
Priya Foods
Bharath Textiles
Model Diary
Governmental Departments Pharmaceuticals
Alstom
Sandvik
Gati
Mulpuri Fishers
KCP Cements
Bayer
Textiles Packaging
The break-up of mee ngs undertaken across industrial clusters and some of the prominent en es met thus far are presented in Fig.4.24
4.4.4 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT FOR IDENTIFIED ECONOMIC USES A detailed analysis of iden fied industrial segments has been undertaken to understand the opportunity for the sector at a Capital Region level. The following sec ons highlight the key dynamics and outlook of these sectors for the region.
Chemicals
Fig.4.24 Industry interac ons break up
Fig.4.25 Sample list of interacted industries
4.4.5 FOOD AND BEVERAGE SECTOR India is a richly endowed agricultural na on. It has nearly a tenth of world’s arable land and a fi h of word’s irrigated land. India is the world’s second largest producer of food next to China. The food processing industry is one of the largest industries in India and ranks fi h in terms of produc on, consump on and exports. As per the industry es mates, the sector has es mated market size of USD 40 billion in FY13 and is further expected to expand at a CAGR of 11 per cent by 2018. The industry contributed approximately 9.8 % to India’s manufacturing GDP in 2013. The F&B industry is characterized as one of the largest industries in the AP state by value of output and growth. Andhra Pradesh is endowed with a wide
range of raw materials such as rice, sugarcane, jowar, mangoes, chilies, etc. to name a few. India’s largest food park (Srini Food Park), spread across 147 acres is located in Chi or district. Over the years, the state is increasingly witnessing the interest from global conglomerates that are keen to invest and partner with the state to promote an integrated food processing ecosystem in the state. Some of such key ini a ves announced in the sector include: Walmart’s MOU with Govt. to buy & market 100 agricultural products from Andhra Pradesh and PepsiCo’s recent approval for establishing Mango Pulp extrac on plants in Krishna, Chi or, East & West Godavari districts.
57
Dynamics of Capital Region – F&B 58
Guntur district is famous for Chilies which witnesses a huge demand from all over the world. The capital region is also well known for its rice, pulses and sugarcane produc on. The region is also famous for its mangoes exports grown in and Nuzivid town. However, the current F&B ac vity in the region is primarily concentrated in the upstream ac vi es (viz. cul va on, harves ng, fermenta on, etc.) with the limited value add produc on. This presents significant opportuni es for the sector to expand into the downstream ac vi es such as processing, freezing, packaging and marke ng the products directly to retailers or end users.
4.4.6 TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Andhra Pradesh is the 3rd largest producer of co on in the country with over 5 Million bales and over 17 lakh acres of land being u lized for co on produc on. 60% of the co on produc on in the state is contributed by Guntur (Capital Region) and Prakasam districts while the remaining is contributed by Vizianagaram and East Godavari. The state has over 150 spinning mills present in the region, albeit, primarily involved in the basic midstream ac vi es such as spinning and ginning. Some of the prominent Companies involved in the tex le manufacturing ac vi es in the state include NSL Tex le, Gokaldas Exports, Loyal Tex les, etc.
GROWTH DRIVERS • • • •
Rich agricultural produc on and dis nct raw material base Growing domes c & export demand Growth in organized retail is expected to boost the F&B sector AP Government has iden fied F&B as a thrust sector and & announced se ng up of food parks in all districts
KEY CHALLENGES • Highly unorganized and fragmented sector ~ dominated by small and micro enterprises • Currently, the value addi on in the segment is limited ~ industry to acquire technology and train work force to be able to expand into the downstream ac vi es
O
C
R
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ Tø㮽 Fig.4.26 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Food & Beverage
India is the one of the world’s largest producers of tex les and garments. The key aspects that have transformed India into a key sourcing hub include abundant availability of raw materials such as co on, wool, silk and jute as well as skilled workforce. India is the world’s second largest exporter of tex les and garments. As per the industry es mates, the sector contributes about 14% to industrial produc on, 4% to the gross domes c product (GDP), and 27% to the country’s foreign exchange inflows. The size of the Tex le industry was es mated to be USD 89 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach USD 223 billion by 2021.
The region is characterized by significant produc on of co on. However, the exis ng manufacturing ac vity is primarily engaged in basic ac vi es such as spinning & weaving with negligible ac vity being witnessed in the value added produc on.
GROWTH DRIVERS • Growing urbaniza on, expansion of retail market, changing consumer lifestyle along with favorable Government ini a ves are expected to have a posi ve impact on the growth of the industry • Availability of significant raw material and skilled workforce • Govt. policy push ~ se ng up of Tex le Clusters, 100% FDI, IPDS scheme, welfare schemes for weavers, etc. KEY CHALLENGES • Compe on from exis ng tex le hubs of India • Cheaper imported products will be a deterrent for domes c companies to be compe
O
C
Fig.4.27 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Tex le THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
R
ve
4.4.7 NON METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS
GROWTH DRIVERS • Significant growth in construc on ac vity owing to development of infrastructure, smart ci es, etc. • Rich base of non-metallic minerals in the region • Poten al to expand into the downstream manufacturing ac vi es KEY CHALLENGES • Dearth of skilled workforce to enable the downstream expansion of the industry • Compe on from neighboring states such as Telangana, Odisha which have a be er ecosystem for the industry
O
C
R
59
The non-metallic mineral products industry bears a direct correla on with infrastructure development through the provision of primary materials required to undertake building and construc on ac vity. India is endowed with rich mineral deposits and produces 87 minerals including 4 fuel minerals, 10 metallic minerals, 47 non-metallic minerals, 3 atomic minerals and 23 minor minerals. Andhra Pradesh state has rich mineral base including manganese, limestone, mica, stea te, copper, graphite etc. The state stands 2nd in the mica deposits and produc on in the country and contains 44% of the limestone reserves in the country.
Fig.4.28 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Non Metallic Minerals
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ
GROWTH DRIVERS • Rising income levels together with increasing propensity to spend & easy availability of credit • The region has abundant number of engineering and ITI colleges to support the manpower requirements of the industry which is one of the key driving factors for the sector • Proximity to major ports and established auto cluster in Chennai • AP Govt. policy push to a ract major auto companies to set up manufacturing units in the state KEY CHALLENGES • Significant compe on from the established hubs such as Chennai, Manesar, Pune, etc. • Lack of exis ng eco-system and skilled work force
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Fig.4.29 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Auto and Auto Components
4.4.8 AUTO AND AUTO COMPONENTS SECTOR
The region has abundant availability non-metallic mineral deposits such as limestone, stowing sand, silica sand, granite, etc. Further, the Capital Region is currently characterized by the presence of cement manufacturing units, stone crushing units, RMC plants, etc., primarily suppor ng the construc on/ building ac vity in urban areas such as Vijayawada and Guntur. However, the growing urbaniza on coupled with the thrust on the infrastructure development and construc on ac vity in the Capital Region is expected to provide significant opportuni es for the region to expand into the downstream ac vi es of the sector.
The automobile industry is one of India’s major sectors; accoun ng for 22% of the country’s manufacturing GDP. The Indian auto industry, comprising passenger cars, two-wheelers, threewheelers and commercial vehicles, is the seventh-largest in the world. India has emerged as the economic powerhouse of growth over the last decade in the automo ve sector. The key hubs for automo ve manufacturing in India include Delhi-GurgaonFaridabad in the north, MumbaiPune-Nashik- Aurangabad in the west, Chennai-Bengaluru-Hosur in the south and Jamshedpur-Kolkata in the east. The automo ve manufacturing industry in Andhra Pradesh is currently at an emerging stage and is expected to witness robust growth owing to the increasing demand in the region and due to its advantages such as availability of raw materials, good port infrastructure for imports and its proximity to the exis ng automo ve Hub in Chennai.
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ The automo ve industrial ac vity in the Capital Region is currently characterized by an opera onal auto component cluster in Vijayawada. It was one of the first in the country to be developed exclusively for the automobile servicing trade. In addi on to the majority of the servicing units, the Vijayawada autonagar cluster also has few smallmedium scale manufacturing units.
60
However the cluster has failed to develop into an integrated component manufacturing cluster owing to highly heterogeneous nature of products and services, use of outdated technology, inadequate tes ng facili es and small scale of opera ons etc.
4.4.9 RUBBER AND PLASTIC INDUSTRY The rubber and plas cs industry is the 12th largest industry in terms of value of output in the country. India is the world’s largest producer and the third largest consumer of natural rubber. India’s Rubber produc on varies between 6 and 7 lakh tonnes annually with a turnover of INR 12,000 million. Most of the rubber is consumed by the tyre industry which accounts for almost 52% of the total demand. Indian plas cs sector has been es mated to be at a market size of approx. USD 25 billion in 2012 and expected to reach USD 30 billion by year 2015. India is the third largest consumer of plas c products (outputs), behind China and the US. The sector is currently a highly fragmented (approx. 75% unorganized) and is characterized by high pollu on and low profitability margins and high level of compe on.
The rubber and plas c industry in Andhra Pradesh is characterized by a highly fragmented industry structure with a large number of small-medium scale players opera ng in the segment with wide range of products, primarily suppor ng the overall manufacturing sector.
GROWTH DRIVERS • An cipated growth of manufacturing industry in the region • Significant growth of popula on in the region over the next 10-15 years ~ to trigger the consumer demand • PCPIR development in proximity to Capital Region ~ ensures availability of raw material
KEY CHALLENGES
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ The region has limited manufacturing ac vity in the rubber and plas cs industry and the exis ng ac vity in the region is dominated by micro and small enterprises. However, the development of PCPIR (Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemical Investment Region) region in proximity to Capital Region is likely to have a posi ve effect on the sector in the region and would facilitate increased raw material availability for the sector. The sector would also benefit from growth in enduser industries like food processing, tex les, pharmaceu cal, etc., which are iden fied as thrust sectors in Andhra Pradesh.
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
• High pollu ng nature of the industry ~ plas cs banned for consumer use • Highly unorganized and fragmented sector • Fluctua ons in raw material cost would impact profitability
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Fig.4.30 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Rubber and Plas cs Industry
4.4.10 PHARMACEUTI CAL INDUSTRY
GROWTH DRIVERS • Increasing per capita income together with changing lifestyles resul ng in higher incidence of lifestyle-related diseases • Establishment of PCPIR region in Andhra Pradesh ~ characterizes the raw material availability • Increasing government expenditure on healthcare through various schemes like (CGHS), Na onal Programme for Healthcare of the Elderly (NPHCE), Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi (RAN) and Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) KEY CHALLENGES • High pollu ng nature of the industry • Hurdles in environmental & regulatory approvals for new clearances • Absence of eco-system in the region
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Fig.4.31 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Pharmaceu cal Industry
The Indian pharmaceu cals sector is es mated to have a market size of approx. USD 12 billion as of FY13, with a compounded annual growth rate of approx. 10% during 2005 -13. The Indian pharmaceu cals market ranks third by volume and 14th by value globally; and contributes to approx. 10% of the total global produc on. The sector in India is expected to grow at a CAGR of 14% over the years 2014-18. Large popula on, increasing income and healthcare expenditure levels in the country would augment growth of the domes c market. Exports from India cons tute approx. 40% of the total turnover of the sector in the country. The country has witnessed significant FDI and other outsourced ac vi es in the sector, illustra ng the increasing demand for generics from export markets. Further, there is global opportunity for increasing generics market due to patent expira on of major high-value drugs. The Government of India ini ated policies and tax breaks on R&D which would further enhance the growth of the Sector.
The pharmaceu cal industry in Andhra Pradesh is a nascent industry in terms of contribu on to the overall manufacturing industry in the state. Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City located in Visakhapatnam is the only exis ng large scale Pharmaceu cal cluster in the state which is designed to accommodate 120 companies. However, the large coast line, major ports and PCPIR hub, etc. are expected to provide the much needed fillip to the growth of the industry.
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ The region has seen limited manufacturing ac vity in the pharmaceu cal industry and the exis ng ac vity is primarily characterized by sporadic ac vity in Kondapalli industrial estate
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4.4.11 ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ
GROWTH DRIVERS
Indian electronics industry produc on accounts for only 1-1.5% of the global electronics hardware produc on of USD 1.75 trillion. However, the demand in the Indian market is rapidly growing and investments are flowing in to augment domes c manufacturing capacity. As per the es mates of Department of Electronics & Informa on Technology (DEITY), Ministry of Communica ons & Informa on Technology, GOI, the demand in the Indian electronics market is expected to touch USD 400 bn in FY20 from the market size of USD 69.6 bn in FY12.
The region has witnessed limited ac vity in the electronic industry and is currently characterized small scale units such as Incap capacitors. The industry is highly fragmented and unorganized in nature. However, the industry in the state is poised for higher growth given the state’s new a rac ve electronics policy, increasing demand and infrastructure subsidy for the manufacturers from the central Government
• Rising income levels together with increasing propensity to spend, easy availability of credit • Increasing digi za on and larger investments by the government is driving the demand for the electronics sector in India • Iden fied as the thrust sector by the central and state government
The electronics industry in Andhra Pradesh has witnessed limited produc on levels and is primarily characterized by small scale manufacturing units. Sri City, in Chi oor district is one of the prominent centers for electronic manufacturing in the state and comprises of a few SME electronic manufacturing units. Further, the promoters of the park in associa on with ELCINA (Electronic Industries Associa on of India) have already no fied 100 acres under EMC scheme.
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
KEY CHALLENGES • Over dependence on imports- Currently 40-45% of domes c demand is serviced by imports from countries like china, Taiwan etc. • Inadequate infrastructure and lack of ecosystem- limited infrastructure and poor supply chain management are restric ng the product reach
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Fig.4.32 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Electronics Industry
GROWTH DRIVERS • Se ng up of PCPIR in Andhra Pradesh • Emerging engineering ac vity, growing infrastructure investments and growth in automo ve sector to boost the overall ac vity in the subject region. • Good transporta on network helps in easy procurement of raw materials to the industries KEY CHALLENGES • • • •
Lack of infrastructural facili es will be a deterrent to a ract new investments Limited scope for the fabrica on ac vi es as there is negligible steel produc on in proximity to the subject region Compe on from neighboring clusters Falling commodity prices globally
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Fig.4.33 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Basic and Fabricated Metal Industry
4.4.12 BASIC AND FAB RICATED MET AL INDUSTRY The metal sector in India is almost a century old, and exhibits significant economic importance due to rising demand by sectors such as infrastructure, real estate and automobiles. India ranks 4th globally in terms of iron ore produc on and is the largest producer of so iron in the world. It is also the 4th largest steel producing country in the world with a produc on of 81 million tons. The market size of the industry is expected to grow from USD 58 Billion in 2011 to approx. USD 95 Billion in 2016. The Industry in Andhra Pradesh is currently at a nascent stage of development with negligible produc on ac vity across the value chain. The industry in Andhra Pradesh is fragmented in nature owing to the dominance by small & unorganized players which manufacture low value added products. However availability of raw materials and overall an cipated growth of the economy are expected to drive the demand for the industry.
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ The region has witnessed limited ac vity in the metal industry. It is characterized by sporadic ac vity in Kondapalli and Autonagar industrial estates. The region is dominated by micro and small enterprises.
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4.4.13 TOURISM 64
Andhra Pradesh is characterized as the top 10 states of the country in terms of domes c tourist inflow, accoun ng to 98 million tourists in 2013. The state con nued to witness increase in domes c tourist arrivals in the last few years and is regarded as the domicile for all types of tourism such as pilgrimage tourism, heritage tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism, beach tourism, etc.
Table 4.1 District Tourist Flow_2013
Name of District
GROWTH DRIVERS
Domes c Tourist Inflow (million) – 2013
Chi oor
36.23
East Godavari
11.25
Krishna
10.41
Guntur
2.48
Remaining Districts
37.63
• New capital forma on will put the region on the na onal/interna onal map, offering its opportunity to harness the poten al of the region • The scenic loca ons of Capital Region viz. Bhavani islands, Undavalli caves, Amaravathi Buddhist template, etc. • Increasing middle class disposable income and expenditure towards tourism & leisure • Tourism sector is iden fied as thrust sectors by state and central governments. KEY CHALLENGES • Terrorist a acks, poli cal unrest, crime against women regarded as the major dampeners among tourists. • Regulatory issues in terms of Visa arrivals for more countries, delay in tourism related projects, etc. • Status of the industry as real estate and limited funding avenues from funding ins tu ons
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ The popular tourist places in Vijayawada are Undavalli Caves, Mogalarajapuram Caves, Prakasam Barrage, Bhavani Island, Victoria Museum, Kondapalli Fort, Gandhi Hill, etc. Located between Krishna & Godavari delta, Kolleru Lake is characterized as the largest fresh water lake in India. The region has also several Buddhist se lements such as Amaravathi.
Total
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Fig.4.34 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Tourism
The districts with the highest tourist flow in the state is highlighted in Table 4.1.
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
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GROWTH DRIVERS • Growth in civil avia on & military spending • Low man-hour cost base in India • Increase in FDI limit to 49% & offset policy KEY CHALLENGES • Lack of exis ng aerospace eco – system in the state and the region • Current lack of aerospace grade sub-assembly and raw material contributes to the lack of eco system for the industry • S ff compe on from other Aerospace parks in India viz. Hyderabad & Bengaluru
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Fig.4.35 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Aerospace Sector
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4.4.14 AEROSPACE SECTOR
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ
The Indian aerospace industry has historically been dominated by large Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). The aerospace market in India primarily comprises the commercial or civilian and the military sectors. In addi on to this, space research and satellites forms another cluster completely administered by the Government of India. In the present scenario defense related manufacturers in India are limited and clustered around Bangalore, Hyderabad and Nagpur. The residual state of Andhra Pradesh has negligible presence of aerospace and allied industries, although the state is home to one of the large rocket launching sta ons in the country viz. SHAR.
The Capital Region currently comprises negligible manufacturing ac vity in the Aerospace segment. However, various Government ini a ves such as increase in FDI cap to 49%, Defense offset policy manda ng 30% local sourcing, etc. are expected to drive the growth of the industry over the long term horizon.
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4.4.15 IT/IT S INDUSTRY
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ
GROWTH DRIVERS
The Indian IT/ITeS industry has been one of the great success stories of modern India and has helped the country transform from an agriculture based economy to knowledge based economy. The contribu on of the sector to India’s GDP has increased from a paltry 1.2% in 1998 to an impressive 8.1% in 2014. The industry turnover stood at USD 118 Billion in FY-14 and is expected to double by the year 2020.
The region is characterized by negligible ac vity in the IT/ITeS sector. Vijayawada city has an opera onal IT SEZ developed jointly by APIIC and L&T near Gannavaram airport. The revenue from Vijayawada was around INR 1,150 million during years 2012-13. However, the sector is expected to witness gradual rise over the medium to long term with a number of sustained ini a ves currently being undertaken by the state government.
• Adequate availability of skilled manpower • Physical infrastructure ~ excellent connec vity via road, rail and air to key loca ons in India viz. Hyderabad, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam and Bengaluru • Availability of social and support infrastructure including schools, hospitals, shopping centers, entertainment avenues etc. in the urban centers of Vijayawada and Guntur
IT/ITeS sector in Andhra Pradesh is currently emerging with ci es such as Vishakhapatnam, Tirupa witnessing increased investments by the private companies. The total revenues from these ci es were INR 16,280 million for the year 2012-2013, which contributed 0.4% to the na onal revenues. Further, the pro-ac ve steps taken by the state Government in terms of announcing an ambi ous IT policy outlining various incen ves and benefits to companies, upgrada on of airports and other infrastructure developments, and emergence of ci es such as Visakhapatnam as the smart ci es to catapult the demand for the sector and a ract major investments.
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
KEY CHALLENGES • Significant compe on from established IT hubs like Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore • High land prices can be a deterrent for se ng up new IT units
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Fig.4.36 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – IT/ITeS Industry
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4.4.16 AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY
GROWTH DRIVERS • Proximity to natural resources resul ng in lower logis cs cost • MPEDA to invest INR 46,250 million in the state over the next 5 years on infrastructure (viz. cold chains, etc.) • Govt. incen ves such as diesel subsidies for 1,500 boats, insurance for 6.5 lakh fishermen, etc. KEY CHALLENGES • S ff compe on from other states such as Orissa, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, etc. • Dras c climate changes affec ng quality of produce • Sector primarily unorganized with small and medium sized producers
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Fig.4.37 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Aquaculture Industry
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India is the second largest country in Aquaculture produc on in the world. It contributes nearly 5% of the world’s total fish produc on and approx. 8 10% of total aquaculture produc on. Seafood exports contribute approx. 3.32% of the country’s total exports employing 15 million people. India’s long coastline of 7,500 km is the key to the aquaculture produc on. The top 5 leading fish/aquaculture producer states in India are Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Gujarat. The major importers of India’s seafood are Japan, EU, USA, Australia and Middle East. Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of fish in India with a produc on of 17.68 tonnes of fish annually. It contributes to 2/3rd of marine exports from India. Geographical advantages such as 972 kilometer long coastline (spanning across 7 districts), 4,120 km of riverine area, 60 reservoirs, 0.5 million ha of brackish waters, etc. are enabling the quality and reliable produc on in the state. The state has witnessed conversion of over 1 lakh acres of agricultural land converted into aquaculture sites during the last.
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ The region is characterized by significant ac vity in aquaculture industry. It is geographically endowed as it is located in close proximity to lakes and rivers viz. Krishna, Kolleru lake, Pulicat lake, etc. Favorable clima c condi ons are the other major reason for quality of aquaculture produce in the region. The key growth drivers and challenges for the industry are as highlighted in the exhibit beside:
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4.4.17 LOGISTICS INDUSTRY
DùÄÃ®Ý Ê¥ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ
GROWTH DRIVERS
The demand for logis cs services in India has largely been fuelled by the growth of the manufacturing sector in India and the growth of industry can be regarded as a proxy to the overall economic growth in India. As per the industry es mates, the Indian logis cs industry was valued at an es mated USD 130 billion in 2012-13. It was es mated to have grown at a CAGR of over 16 per cent over the last five years. The transport infrastructure in the state is well established. It is well connected by all modes of transport viz. air, road, rail & sea. Further, the state has numerous cold chains and warehouses owned by private operators & the warehousing corpora ons that cater to the exis ng agricultural/ food processing industry. However, the Government proposals to set up various logis cs clusters in the state are expected to trigger the development of organized logis cs clusters in the state.
The logis cs ac vity in the Capital Region is characterized by cold chains and small scale unorganized warehouses suppor ng the agricultural produc on in the region. The region currently lacks any large scale warehousing development. However, the region possesses excellent connec vity to regional economic hubs via road, rail and air. This wellestablished transporta on network coupled with the an cipated growth in manufacturing ac vi es in sectors such as F&B, Tex les, etc. are expected to drive the growth of the sector over the medium term horizon.
• Introduc on of GST is likely to bring in investments by large players in warehousing space • Increase in FDI limit to 100% along with 10 year Tax holiday in Port sector can enable the state and the region to enhance its a rac veness • Envisaged growth in the overall manufacturing & organized retail business • Development of inland waterways on Krishna river and the other creeks in the region would enable the posi oning of the region as mul -model logis cs hub KEY CHALLENGES • Lower economies of scale due to high fragmenta on of industry • Infrastructural bo lenecks • Significant compe on from already established ci es such as Vizag, Chennai. etc.
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Fig.4.38 Opportunity Assessment for Capital Region – Logis cs Industry
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
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Industry Segment
Opportunity for Capital Region
Short-Medium Term
Medium to Term
Key Growth Drivers
Long
Food & beverage products (Agro Processing)
Largest sector in the state (27% share in the overall output – 2008-11)
Aquaculture
Exis ng eco-system, favorable climate condi ons & fresh water sources
Tex le Industry
Abundant availability of raw materials – Substan al export demand
Non-Metallic Mineral Products
Downstream opportuni es in the short-medium term due to raw material availability and growth in construc on industry
Auto & Auto Components
Government thrust and an cipated demand growth in the region
Rubber & Plas cs
Strong inter – industry linkages; primarily as a support industry
Pharmaceu cals
Hinterland synergies; bordering a large pharma hub; Establishment of PCPIR region to propel growth
Electronics Industry
Government thrust, presence of adequate power and manpower
Basic & Fabricate Metal Industry
Downstream opportuni es in the short-medium term due to raw material availability
Tourism
Govt. thrust & places of cultural and religious importance
Aerospace / Defense
Emphasis on the industry by both Central & State govt.
Logis cs IT / ITeS
Fig.4.39 Industry Opportunity Matrix
Direct synergies with the overall industrial ac vity in the region
Presence of skilled manpower, Govt. thrust
4.4.18 INDUSTRY OPPOR TUNITY MATRIX CAPITAL REGION The findings from the above modules viz. industrial sta s cal assessment, opportunity assessment and the stakeholder interac ons have been analyzed in detail to arrive at the outlook for the iden fied industrial/ economic uses that have the poten al to trigger the economic development within the Capital Region over the short-medium term and long term.
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4.5 BENCHMARKING OF CAPITAL CITIES 70
Benchmarking has been undertaken of select prominent state capitals which have evolved as economic powerhouses in the country. The objec ve of the benchmarking exercise is to understand the growth trajectory of these ci es, key growth drivers and the consequent impact on popula on and the expansion of the metropolitan region/urban agglomera on. At this stage of the study, the ci es chosen for the purpose of benchmarking include Hyderabad & Bangalore.
4.5.1 HYDERABAD URBAN AGGLOMERATION Hyderabad Metropolitan Region, with an area of 7,257 sq. km is the sixth largest urban agglomera on in India. The city has established itself as an important hub for knowledge based sectors (viz. IT / ITeS and bio-tech) and high-value add manufacturing sectors (viz. pharma, aerospace etc.). The growth of the city has been aided by excellent physical infrastructure ini a ves such as the PVNR Elevated Expressway, Outer Ring Road, MMTS, and the under construc on Metro Rail EvoluƟon of the city The economy of the city has evolved over me with the se ng up of Industrial zones in 1930’s to emergence of Pharmaceu cal sector in the 1970’s. Late 1990’s saw emergence of IT sector with establishment of Cyber Towers in 1998, which was considered to be
the trigger point that catapulted the economic growth of the city to the next level and led to significant urbaniza on. The impact of the city has spread to parts of neighboring districts of Ranga Reddy, Medak, Nalgonda & Mahabubnagar. Fig.4.41 highlights the growth trajectory of the Hyderabad over the last 10-15 ye ars:
EÊÄÊî PÊÝ®ã®ÊĮĦ
HYDERABAD LAND USE PLAN 2031
Area: 3,065 Sq.km Population : 6.47 Mn GDDP (INR Crores) : 34,347 (2006) Key economic sectors: Pharmaceutical, IT/ITES, R&D
Figure 27: Hyderabad Urban Agglomeration
Fig.4.40 Hyderabad Urban Agglomera on
Fig.4.42 highlights the economic posi oning of the Hyderabad city and the pillars on which the development of the city rests:
C½çÝãÙ Ý Dò½ÊÖÃÄã The primary growth drivers for economic development and the key economic clusters in the city have been analyzed to understand the pa ern of economic development and Clusteriza on techniques adopted in planning the region.
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Area* : 2,555 Sq.km Population : 5.74 Mn (2001) GDDP^ (INR Crores) : 16,963 (2001) Key economic sectors: Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical
7 Years Later ~ Year 2005
Figure 28: Hyderabad Evolution
The economic posi oning of Hyderabad city is primarily defined by superior basic and industrial infrastructure as well as the established eco-system for knowledge based sectors such as IT/ ITeS, Bio-tech and Pharmaceu cal.
Fig.4.43 highlighted alongside depicts the key economic clusters and their geographical spread around the Hyderabad city.
Trigger Point ~ Year 1998
Fig.4.41 Hyderabad Economic Posi oning
Fig.4.42 Hyderabad Evolu on
12 Years Later ~ Year 2011
Area: 5600 Sq.km Population : 7.74 Mn GDDP (INR Crores) : 85,790 (2011) Key economic sectors: Pharmaceutical, IT/ITES, R&D Metropolitan region expanded to 7,228 Sq.km in 2013
Fig.4.45 besides highlights various clusters, prevailing industrial ac vity and the key companies driving growth in these clusters:
HùÙ EÊÄÊÃù
Fig.4.43 Cluster Based development Hyderabad
Fig.4.46 Economic Posi oning of Bengaluru
Cluster
Industry
Prominent companies
Cluster 1
Services Cluster
Microso , Wipro, Accenture, Google, Infosys, TCS, IBM, Cognizant
Cluster 2
Pharma Cluster
Aurobindo Pharma, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Neuland Pharma, Gland Pharma
Cluster 3
Genome Valley
Dupont, Shanta Biotech, Biological-E, Bharat Biotech, Uni Sankyo, Lonza, Vimta Labs
Cluster 4
Aerospace/Defence/
TAS, Lockheed Mar n, Sikorsky, Astra Microwave, HCL, Tata Communica ons
Electronics
Fig.4.44 Industry Clusters Bangalore Intl’ Airport (BIA)
North
The GDP of Hyderabad urban agglomera on has grown at a CGAR of 16% over the last 10 years. The growth in the GDP is primarily cons tuted by the ter ary sector dominated by IT/ITeS industry. The popula on in the urban agglomera on has also grown at a CAGR of 3% over the last 10 year me horizon.
4.5.2 BENGALURU URBAN AGGLOMERATION Bengaluru is the fi h largest urban agglomera on in India with a covered area of approx. 8,000 sq km. It is nicknamed ‘Silicon Valley of India’, because of its role as the na on’s leading IT exporter. Bangalore is also known as the intellectual capital of India, due to the presence of prominent educa onal ins tu ons such as IISC, IIM, NLSIU. The growth of the city has been supported by various infrastructure ini a ves such as the Outer Ring Road, Peripheral Ring Road, Airport Expressway and Metro projects.
the Karnataka Government. The trigger points that paved the way for the development of the city can be traced to the se ng up of STPI in 1991 and the development of Export promo on industrial park (EPIP) in Whitefield region during the period 1994-96. The turn of the millennium witnessed the new age IT companies entering into the city making it the hub for many IT/ITeS companies in India. Fig.4.49 highlights the growth trajectory of the Bengaluru agglomera on over the last 15 - 20 years:
EÊÄÊî PÊÝ®ã®ÊĮĦ The economic posi oning of Bengaluru city is primarily defined by the crea on of industrial investment regions and significant investments in the educa on infrastructure and basic infrastructure. Fig.4.50 highlights the economic posi oning of the Bengaluru city and the pillars on which the development of the city rests:
C½çÝãÙ BÝ Dò½ÊÖÃÄã The primary growth drivers for economic development and the key economic clusters in the city have been analyzed to understand the pa ern of economic development and Clusteriza on techniques adopted in planning the region.
EEast st Whitefiel d
Southeast South So
Electronic City
Fig.4.45 Hyderabad Economy
Fig.4.47 Cluster based development - Bengaluru
Eòʽçã®ÊÄ Ê¥ ã« ®ãù The seeds of growth of Bengaluru were laid by the Central government investments into the public sector industries such as BEL, HAL, ISRO, HMT. The roots of IT revolu on in the country were laid in the late 1970’s with the establishment of Electronics City by
Fig.4.47 highlighted alongside depict the key economic clusters and their geographical spread around the Bengaluru city.
71
Gross District Domestic Product of Bangalore at Current Prices (INR Crores)
CAGR (1999 -2012) ~ 17.51%
180,000 160,000 140,000
Trigger Point ~ Year 1996
80,000 60,000 40,000
146,299
100,000
174,309
120,000
131,135
The GDP of Bengaluru urban agglomera on has witnessed a CGAR growth rate of 17% over the last 12 years. The growth in the GDP is primarily cons tuted by the ter ary sector, which is dominated by IT/ITeS and services industry.
113,445
BĦ½çÙç EÊÄÊÃù
Population 11 year CAGR ~ 3%
200,000
100,971
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Fig.4.51 besides highlights various clusters, prevailing industrial ac vity and the key companies driving growth in these clusters:
20,000
Area: 421 Sq.Km (2003) Population : 8.4 Mn (2001) GDDP^ (INR Crores): 26,350 (2001) Key economic sectors: Electronics, Defense
11 Years Later ~ Year 2007
Area:* 1,306 Sq.km Population : 9.88 Mn (2007) GDDP (INR Crores): 1,00,971 (2008) Key economic sectors: IT/ITES, Biotechnology
0
The popula on in the urban agglomera on has also grown by 3% CAGR over the last 10-12 year me horizon.
Cluster Cluster 1
Industry
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
Fig.4.48 Bengaluru Economy
* Metropolitan Region ^ Bangalore District (Urban & Rural) and Ramnagara District
Fig.4.49 Bengaluru Evolu on
Prominent companies
Hardware Park, Aerospace, IT/ Wipro Actuators, Amada, Shell Global Research Center, IBM, Nokia ITES
Siemens, Alcatel Lucent, Tyco Electronics
Cluster 2
IT/ITES
Wipro, Hical Technologies, Cisco, Accenture, Honeywell
Cluster 3
Bidadi
Industrial Parks promoted by KIADB~ Toyota
Cluster 4
Defence & Aerospace
HAL, NAL, ISRO
Cluster 5
Electronic City
Infosys, BHEL, Siemens, 3M, GE, Tech Mahindra, Biocon
Fig.4.51 Industry Clusters THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Fig.4.50 Bengaluru Economic Posi oning
20 Years Later ~ Year 2015
Area*: 8006 Sq. Km Population : 11.1 Mn (2011) GDDP (INR Crores): 1,46,299 (2011) Key economic sectors: IT/ITES, Biotechnology, Aerospace, & Defense, Electronics
5
URBAN SUSTAINABILITY AND VISION FOR THE CAPITAL REGION This chapter establishes Urban Sustainability Framework to address the pressing issues rela ng to environment, social and economic governance and ensure long-term sustainable development of the Capital Region and City. The Vision is a collec ve outcome of various planning area studies, sustainability analysis and understanding of stakeholders aspira ons for the enduring development of the Capital Region and City The chapter covers the following topics: 1. Urban Sustainability Framework 2. Development Vision for Capital Region and City 3. Development Goals, Objec ves & Strategies 4. Benchmarking & City Comparison
People from the Capital Region, looking forward to a great ,liveable and an inclusive Capital City
5.1 URBAN SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK 74
As part of the overall planning process, an Urban Sustainability Framework is established to provide guiding principles and overarching parameters for the subsequent planning processes that will ensure the long term sustainability of the Capital Region and City.
Though sustainability issues may differ from city to city or from region to region and are unique to a par cular city or region based on its past experiences, it can be concluded that the main sustainability issues are generally revolving around these 6 key areas.
The most cri cal components in city development that may affect the long term sustainability of the city will be explained as to how they can be addressed consistently in all stages and all aspects of city planning.
Besides iden fying key sustainability issues, the framework will also set the sustainability targets and Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) for the city’s long term development. The sustainability targets form the overarching parameters to be achieved through the implementa on of the master plan in the next 20 and 40 years.
In establishing the framework, a “Targeted Approach” is adopted with iden fica on of 6 specific sustainability areas to be examined. This approach was developed by Surbana based on the past planning experiences; it helps urban planners to iden fy the context specific issues of the city, following the broad guidance of the 6 areas of concerns as shown in the following diagram.
Fig.5.1 Urban Sustainability Framework
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
5.1.1 KEY SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES IN CAPITAL REGION Several important issues have been iden fied that need to be addressed in terms of sustainability. Surbana and Jurong teams have priori zed the following 6 issues that will transform in to the Goals of the Master Plan.
5.1.2 SUSTAINABILITY FRAMEWORK 75
Key Issues
Exis ng Condi on and Poten al
Crea ng Jobs
This issue is directly related to Economic Sustainability of the New Capital Region • Generate jobs to sustain a popula on of 9-12 million and City. In order to a ract people to come to this New Capital City, they must be people in the Capital Region able to find employment. The exis ng poten al of Agro-based industries needs to be • Generate knowledge based and high-tech jobs capitalized upon for this purpose. to sustain a popula on of about 2 million people within the Capital City
A rac ng Investments
The Capital City is to be developed on a greenfield site. Therefore, a rac ng • Iden fy key strategic projects that will form part investments to kick-start development and sustaining the same in the long run is a of the ini al phases of developments in order to bigger challenge. The employment generators need to carefully proposed to balance a ract investments both locally and globally. the needs of the locals and also to a ract global investors.
Housing
Housing provision has been a key concern throughout India for a long me. Most • Target minimum 50% affordable housing to cater to of the supply of housing is catered to the High Income Group, whereas most of the Low and Medium Income group demand for housing is in the Low and Medium Income Group people. Government • Ensure strict planning and construc on standards at needs to devise strategies to develop affordable housing for the vast majority of par with global norms to ensure quality of housing people that are not being considered at the moment.
Nature and Environment
The Capital Region is blessed with a rich array of natural and environmental features. • Preserve all natural features and enhance their These include the Krishna River, Kondapalli Reserved Forest, Mangalagiri Reserved characters Forest, Tadepalli Reserved Forest among others. In addi on to this there are several • Plan strategically to cause minimum disturbance to canals and river tributaries that pass through the Capital City area and need to be high value agriculture land carefully considered in the planning. A large por on of the land in the Capital Region is very rich in agriculture. This land should be strategically preserved for farming wherever plausible.
Floods
The Capital Region is also prone to floods. Management of the flood waters, especially • Design a sustainable flood management system within the Capital City will be one of the key considera ons in the planning. • U lize exis ng canals and water-bodies
Heritage
Several heritage and cultural features fall within the Capital Region. A few of these • Develop a heritage tourism circuit to connect all heritage sites include Amaravathi, Undavalli caves, Kondapalli Fort, etc. It becomes very cri cal to protect these features and also integrate them in the planning. A comprehensive • Allocate necessary facili es to compliment the tourism at these heritage sites strategy to develop a heritage tourism circuit needs to be considered both at Capital City and Capital Region levels.
1. Crea ng Jobs 2. A rac ng investments 3. Provision of good quality housing 4. Nature and Environment 5. Flood Management 6. Heritage & Culture
Targets/KPI’s
5.2 VISION 76
5.3 GOALS
People’s Capital of Andhra Pradesh
The New Capital of Andhra Pradesh
global quality of life standards to
is envisioned to be the pioneer
offer high levels of convenience to
Smart City of India. It aims to be
people of all ages. The proposal
World Class and at par with the
will capitalize on the rich heritage
standards set forth by countries
possessed by the region and u lize
such as Singapore. The new capital
it to create a unique iden ty for
will be an economic powerhouse
the new capital. Sustainability and
that will create a range of jobs
efficient management of resources
2
1
Jobs & Homes for all
www.thesingaporepromise.sg
for exis ng resident villagers by
will form another important pillar
upgrading their skills, as well as
of this new capital. It will be sup-
high-tech and knowledge based
ported by maintaining the clean
industry jobs to be globally compet-
and green character that the site
i ve. Housing will be at the core of
currently demonstrates by mimick-
its planning and will aim to provide
ing these ideas in to the new capital
affordable and quality homes to all
master plan.
4
3
World Class Infrastructure
www.taxisingapore.com
5
Iden ty & Heritage
Quality Living
pixshark.com
6
Efficient Resource Management
Clean & Green
its residents. It will demonstrate
en.wikipedia.org
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
www.smtwastebrokers.com.au
www.panoramio.com
Quality of Life Essentials 77
The Capital City aims to provide all the Life essen als listed below.
Health
Educa on
Prosperity
Community
Physical Condi on
Sense of physical and emo onal security for individual as well as the family.
Physical and mental wellbeing of the residents and visitors.
A chance to receive high quality educa on for all incomes, abili es and ages.
An opportunity to develop a fulfilling career that allows growth, self-sufficiency and wealth genera on.
Natural sense of belonging to the community, sharing common interests and working collec vely to achieve universal objec ves.
The condi on of the built and the natural environment.
Housing
Public Services
Mobility
Environment
Recrea on
Culture
Ameni es
Op ons of quality residences that will provide shelter and safety to the residents.
Services provided by the government and their allies such as u li es, sanita on, infrastructure and its maintenance.
Providing convenient op ons to access employment, housing and ameni es through public and private transport.
The factors that affect the state of the surroundings in which people, animals or plants live.
Places that give an opportunity to refresh the strength and spirits of people and encourage social interac on.
Ac vi es and events that showcase the cultural composi on of the place.
Facili es that are within easy reach and provide for services, materials, entertainment and other daily necessi es.
Definitions
Safety
Source: Detroit Future City, Detroit Strategic Framework Plan, December 2012
5.4 STRATEGIES 78
2
1
World Class Infrastructure
Jobs & Homes for all
Strategies:
Strategies: sairam-jobopportuniƟesinthemarket.blogspot.com
www.volunteerinindia.com
• Promote high-value added agriculture and agrobased industries
• Build state of art public transport both for Capital Region and Capital City
• Create opportuni es for exis ng dwellers to upgrade skills
• Encourage high percentage of modal share using public transport
• Introduce a mix of knowledge based high-tech industries to a ract investments
• Develop a world class Interna onal Airport to serve the Capital Region
• Encourage home ownership to create a sense of iden ty for ci zens
• Plan for a long term 2050 horizon and reserve transit corridors where necessary
• Provide sufficient affordable housing to cater to the needful
www.trekearth.com
• Develop a highly efficient road network at par with interna onal standards
• Strategize a slum free city through careful planning
• Capitalize on the opportunity to use Na onal Waterway for trade
• Phase out industries strategically for long term sustained growth
• High Speed Railway to have a sta on in the Capital City • • Plan strategically to allow easy transfer between different modes of transport
• Create a favourable policy framework to implement and support the Capital City development www.getnews.co.za
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
www.aurecongroup.com
infra3-hƩpwww.zunewallpaper.com
3
79
4
Efficient Resource Management
Clean & Green
Strategies:
Strategies: www.wm.com
www.geƟntravel.com
• Adopt efficient flood control techniques and protect most waterways in the city
• Create a network of parks and greens by integra ng the village ponds
• Promote “Reduce, Recycle and Reuse”
• Ensure access to park for every ci zen within easy walking distance
• Establish state of art waste management and disposal systems across the city
• Make produc ve use of natural features on the site without damaging them
• Develop a smart grid in the city for efficient management of power and energy • Encourage use of renewable energy to maximum extent possible
• Reserve most of the waterfront along Krishna river for public use intercongreen.com
• Mandate retaining the green network reserved in the Capital City Plan
• Integrate the storm water drainage system with the exis ng canal and village tank network and u lize for flood management and recrea on
• Reserve high value agriculture land as no development zone wherever possible
• Encourage cer fica on of projects using global standards such IGBC and LEED
• U lize the natural features such as forest and hills to create a regional green network.
• Create awareness among the residents on the importance and role of ci zens in efficient resource management
• Create an image of city si ng within the water and greens
thewannabescienƟst.com
www.opengreenmap.org
keepitrealtors.blogspot.com
80
5
6
Quality Living
Iden ty & Heritage
Strategies:
Strategies: knowledgeempowered.com
www.indiantravels.com
• Ensure public transit is within easy walking distance for all
• Preserve all historic and culturally important sites
• Convenience of neighbourhood center ameni es within walking distance
• Promote culture and heritage for locals and tourism
• Safe environment with universal access for all ages
• Compliment adjacent ci es, at the same me establish a unique iden ty
• Provide opportuni es for learning and enhancing careers within the Capital City and Region
• Integrate the exis ng villages as a vital component of city development
• Provide excellent health care facili es at affordable costs within easy reach
www.bauersit.com
• Ensure ample opportuni es to live, work, learn and play
• Development nodes within the city that reflect the culture of the State and region.
www.deccanchronicle.com
• Dedicate strategic loca ons that will allow people to come together and organize cultural ac vi es
• Ensure ease of commute within 30 minutes from origin to des na on with Capital City
• Create a tourism circuit that links all the exis ng heritage features and new nodes created in the city
imgarcade.com
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
en.wikipedia.org
6
81
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND CONCEPT PLAN FOR CAPITAL REGION
Based on the regional context analysis, exis ng condi ons analysis and the socioeconomic study; a regional growth strategy is developed and discussed with the stakeholders. This strategy will guide the broad land use requirements and physical planning catering to the projected popula on and economic growth by 2035 and Year X (beyond year 2050). This chapter also presents Concept plan illustra ng the planning scenario for the region. This chapter is divided into the following sub-sec ons: 1 Regional Growth Strategy 2 Capital Region Concept Plan 3 Transporta on Concept 4 Infrastructure Concept 5 The Way Forward
Sunset near Mandadam Village
82
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View of Thullur, Tadepalle , Mandadam and Mangalagiri Mandal from Kondapalli Fort THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
6.1 REGIONAL STRATEGY
GROWTH
A long term direc on is cri cal to accomplish the proposed Vision, Goals and Regional development strategies for the Capital Region. This long term direc on is guided by key strategies and concept direc on that will guide the transforma on of the Capital City.
6.1.1 CONCEPT DIRECTION The analysis of the Capital Region lead the planners and stakeholders together to two conclusions. They are: • The opportuni es and the success of the new Capital City will indefinitely bring in tremendous pressure on it’s developments and infrastructure in the long run. Hence, the Capital City cannot func on in isola on. • The proposed Industrial Corridor, Port development, Na onal Waterway and other upcoming projects will change the dynamics of the en re State and the Capital Region to a large extent. An cipa ng the afore men oned scenario and processing the inherent strengths of the exis ng ci es, the proposed structure for the Capital region is radial corridor development. Key aspects are as follows: • The Capital Region is divided into eight Planning Areas. A Central Planning Area with the Capital City and seven Planning Areas surrounding it. • The Capital City together with Vijayawada and Mangalagiri will grow as Mega City, with Capital
City and Vijayawada as twin Ci es, contained within the Inner Ring Road. Each Planning area is iden fied with a key city that will func on as a ‘Regional Centre’ with employment genera on clusters. • These Regional Centres are connected to the Capital City through seven development corridors/ economic growth corridors. • The seven economic growth corridors and the respec ve Regional Centres are-
83
LEGEND
Fig.6.1 Capital Region _ Radial Corridor Growth Strategy Plan
84
-To Visakhapatnam (NH5) via Gannavaram -To Machilipatnam (NH9) via Gudivada -To Hyderabad via Nandigama -To Chennai (NH5) via Guntur -To Chennai (NH214A) via Tenali -To Bangalore via Amaravathi and Sa enapalle -To Jagdalpur via Nuzivid • The Regional Centres are further connected to each other with the Outer Ring Road. • The na onal High Speed Rail proposal has been integrated in the Capital Region and realigned as per the vision and goals of the region. Addi onal new connec on to Bangalore has also been incorporated. • The upcoming Dedicated Freight Corridor proposals from the East Coast Economic Corridor and the Delhi Vijayawada Industrial Corridor have been integrated as per the planned economic posi oning of the Region. • Water Logis c Hubs along the upcoming Na onal waterway 4 are proposed. • The prime fer le agricultural land and planta ons are zoned as Agricultural Protec on Zone 1. All agriculture land beyond the proposed Outer Ring Road and outside the urbanizable boundary of the regional centres is zoned for protec on under Agricultural Protec on Zone 2. Other than agricultural land zoning various implementa on strategies have been tested around the world to protect the farmlands from development pressure. A few case studies are illustrated in the Appendix sec on. • Land is earmarked for the City’s future expansion towards the City’s west. • The forests, hills, rivers , all water bodies and other natural features are protected under conserva on areas.
6.1.2 STRATEGIES FOR CAPITAL REGION CONCEPT PLAN
TÊ ÖÊÝ®ã®ÊÄ C֮㽠R¦®ÊÄ Ý ¦ÙÊóã« ÄãÙ ó®ã« Øç½ ÊÖÖÊÙãçÄ®ãù ãÊ ½½
TÊ PÙÊÃÊã Ù¦®ÊĽ CÊÄÄã®ò®ãù Ä TÙÄÝ®ã OÙ®Äã Dò½ÊÖÃÄã (TOD)
The regional growth strategy represents collec ve vision as to how the region will accommodate 13.5 million people and over 5.6 mi jobs that are expected to be generated in the Capital Region by the year 2050.
• Establish the new capital city as Administra ve and Financial hub with high tech business parks to a ract people to new jobs. • Iden fy Guntur, Tenali, Gannavaram, Gudivada, Nuzivid, Nandigama and Sa enapalle as Regional Centres with exclusive employment genera ng clusters. • Allocate more high-value added agriculture and agro-based industries along the proposed Dedicated Freight Corridor; Near Gudivada, Tenali and Guntur. • Strengthen the exis ng economic generators and inject various new game changers for a diverse economy. Key new sectors are electronics / hardware, logis cs, leisure & film city and aerospace / defense. • Create an a rac ve des na on to live, work, play and create a place for all ages. • Target minimum 50% affordable housing to cater to low and medium Income groups. • Revitalize and redevelop exis ng se lements
• Develop a comprehensive highway network, high capacity safe urban roads across the Region. • Develop a world class airport in Gannavaram to meet the demand of the projected popula on; plan Gannavaram as a future metropolis. • Reserve land for future airport close to Kaza and NH5. • Reserve a corridor for the upcoming high speed rail and propose a terminus in the Capital City. • Reserve Corridor for the Dedicated Freight Corridor along proposed East Coast Economic Corridor with logis c hubs at Gudivada, Vuyyuru and Tenali. • Develop logis cs hub at Tenali and Gannavaram along the proposed Na onal Waterway 4; develop suppor ng road and industrial infrastructure along this corridor. • Use extensive green corridors along the waterways to establish walking, jogging and bicycle routes in the city.
Jobs and Homes for All
World Class Infrastructure
The Regional Growth Strategy focuses on transla ng the vision, goals and objec ves established in the previous chapter into developable landuse parameters. These landuse parameters will guide future development of the Capital Region and support efficient provision of transporta on, regional infrastructure and community services. It promotes ci es that are socially, economically and environmentally healthy and makes efficient use of public facili es, services, land and other resources.
People’s Capital
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
TÊ ¥¥ã®ò½ù ÃĦ Ä ®ÃÖÙÊò ®Ä¥ÙÝãÙçãçÙ ÖÙÊò®Ý®ÊÄ
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• Integrate storm water drainage system with the exis ng canal and village tank network for flood management and recrea on purposes. • Establish state of art waste management and disposal systems across the city. • Consolidate and reserve land for future infrastructure needs. • Develop smart grid in the city for efficient management of power and energy. • Encourage use of renewable energy. • Give incen ves for green building construc on prac ces. • Protect and integrate nature with parks and open spaces • Employ innova ve and resource efficient infrastructure for a healthy built environment • Develop electronic database for re cula on infrastructure to facilitate the opera on and maintenance of the network.
• Conserve the exis ng forest cover and hills under protected zones. • Reserve high value agriculture land under agricultural protec on zone. • Create a seamless network of parks and greens by integra ng the village ponds, natural features, canal network and water bodies. • Develop a standard for hierarchy of park systems namely neighbourhood parks, Town Parks, and Regional Parks that are distributed across the region. • Reserve most of the waterfront along Krishna river for public use. • Mandate retaining the green network reserved in the Capital City Plan. • Plan the capital city using water sustainable urban design guidelines.
• Create modern planned residen al townships in the capital city. • Provide a range of mixed residen al choices especially near the growth centers. • Revitalize and redevelop exis ng high and low density informal se lements . • Ensure access to various ameni es and open green space network. • Plan residen al developments close to employment centres where people make a compe ve salary and have a plethora of op ons for entertainment and outdoor ac vi es.
• Develop heritage and conserva on strategy Plan for the Region. • Incorporate a tourism circuit catering to various interests - Temple Tourism, Nature and Adventure Tourism. • Create unique waterfront iden ty through the New Capital City. • Tourism & theme based (Film City) developments to be undertaken to enhance the image of the region from an interna onal perspec ve. • Promote region’s unique tradi onal arts and engage ci zens in its promo ng local lifestyle and culture.
Efficient Resource Management
Clean & Green
Quality Living
Iden ty & Heritage
image creadit -pinnamraj79
6.2 CAPITAL REGION CONCEPT PLAN 86
Using the concept direc on and the key development strategies, the Proposed Capital Region Concept Plan is as follows: A M¦ C®ãù ó®ã«®Ä ã« ÄãÙ½ Ö½ÄĮĦ Ù
• These Regional Centres will be connected through suburban rail and an outer ring road. The proposed Regional Centres are Guntur, Tenali, Gudivada, Sa enapalle, Nandigama, Nuzivid and Gannavaram. • The urban boundary for these Regional Centres is limited within the respec ve mandal boundaries. Dò½ÊÖÃÄã CÊÙÙ®ÊÙÝ
• The proposal restructures the Capital Region into Eight Planning Areas by combining the exis ng mandal boundaries. Fig.6.8 illustrates the Planning Areas in detail. • The Capital City, along with Vijayawada and Mangalagiri are expected to grow as twin ci es and later emerge as a ‘mega city’. The growth of the ‘mega city’ is contained within the inner ring road that passes through the Central Planning Area. • Various business parks and Industrial Clusters will serve the employment needs within the Central Planning Area.
• The Regional Centres fall within a radius of 30 to 45km from the Capital City and are connected to the Capital City through development corridors. Special Use Developments such as clean industries, Infrastructure LEGEND
Dò½ÊÖÃÄã Ê¥ R¦®ÊĽ ÄãÙÝ • The proposal iden fies an already established city/town as a Regional Centre within each of the seven surrounding planning areas. • These Regional Centres will serve as commercial and employment nodes. The clustering of industries is discussed in detail in sec on “6.3.3 Economic Clusters and Preliminary Sectors”. The Regional Centres will host regional level public facili es for health, educa onal, civic, religious, sports and recrea on. THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Fig.6.2 Capital Region Concept Plan
projects and logis cs based ac vi es are allowed along these corridors subjected to CRDA’s Approval. BããÙ R¦®ÊĽ CÊÄÄã®ò®ãù • A radial network with well spaced highways, expressways and transport corridors cater to smooth city travel and fast connec ons within the Capital Region. • The high capacity urban roads are designed to cater to both fast inter region connec ons and as alterna ve bypass to heavy good vehicles traveling across the country. • Suburban Rail, Mass Rapid Transit MRT), and Bus Rapid Transit(BRT) are proposed as Intercity & Intra-city Public Transport Systems. • A new Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) for the delivery of cargo and a High-Speed Rail (HSR) line for passengers would both pass through the Capital Region; making the Capital City a ‘Gateway Hub’. The corridor reserved for high speed rail is subject to change as per the proposals from the Government of India. • The Na onal Waterway 4 will play a key role for trade and logis cs. Waterlogis cs Hubs are integrated with Transport Hubs for convenient movement of passengers and goods.
Fig.6.3 Development Corridors of Capital Region
It includes fer le lands, exis ng planta ons, and aquaculture areas. This zone provides the opportunity to protect the exisƟng agricultural / rural land use acƟviƟes to be intact, and only allow a limited range of other uses that will not facilitate urbanizaƟon. • Agricultural land outside the Outer ring road is zoned as Agriculture Protec on Zone 2. This zone acts as a green belt (the region’s green lungs) and also restricts development beyond the outer ring road. Recrea onal developments that help preserve nature are allowed in this zone. • Land is reserved for the City’s Expansion in the future. The zone is marked as agriculture area and developments will be allowed only when the proposed city reaches it’s development limits. All developments in this area will be subject to CRDA’s approval. This zone is around 475 sq.km. CÊÄÝÙòã®ÊÄ Ê¥ NãçÙ½ AÙÝ Ä «Ù®ã¦ ZÊÄÝ
ÖÙÊãã ¦Ù®ç½ãçÙ½ þÊÄÝ
The Region’s rich heritage and environmentally sensi ve areas are earmarked as conserva on areas. A tourism circuit and heritage conserva on plan will be developed by CRDA to priori ze developments in the region.
• Agricultural land is zoned under two categories. Agriculture Protec on Zone 1 is protected agricultural land.
Fig.6.3 illustrates the development corridors and connec vity with key ci es in the Region.
87
88
6.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOP MENT STRATEGY FOR CAPITAL REGION 6.3.1 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT The key findings and recommenda ons of the above modules have been cri cally analyzed to formulate the preliminary economic development strategy for the capital region. In our opinion, the successful economic development framework of a region should be guided by certain key principles which define the strategy that seeks to build on the strengths and the latent opportuni es present in the region. The key guiding principles iden fied for the overall development concept for the capital region are as discussed in Fig.6.4 These principles when systema cally planned and implemented successfully possess the poten al to transform the economic development of the region from a resource based manufacturing economy to a capital intensive manufacturing led region and gradually gaining prominence as a regional economic hub.
Fig.6.4 Economic Development Strategy for Capital Region THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE H E CAPITAL C A PI CA PITA TALL REGION TA REEGI GION O PLAN ON P LA L N REPORT R EPO RE P O RT PORT PO
6.3.2 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY The capital region is a planned city and therefore it has the opportunity to integrate the cri cal parameters of economic and urban development planning to evolve as the self-sustaining urban agglomera on with state of the art infrastructure for living and doing business. In view of the above, the economic development strategy for the capital region should take into account the key aspects highlighted in Fig.6.5 The economic development strategy of the capital region that seeks to capitalize on the hinterland synergies, latent opportuni es in the established industrial segments supported by the development of Government administra ve facili es, infrastructure development and pro-ac ve policy ini a ves to promote investment in the region would transform the region into one of the prominent urban agglomera on in the country over the next 10-15 years.
Fig.6.5 Economic Growth Framework
89
90
6.3.3 E P
C
Key iden fied Industrial Sectors
S
Based on the opportuni es iden fied as a part of the industry assessment sec on and considering the inherent strengths of various urban nodes situated within the Capital Region and the exis ng industrial eco-system, a preliminary Clusteriza on of the iden fied high poten al industrial/ economic drivers has been undertaken. The Clusteriza on of these sectors with respect to various urban nodes would provide insights to the spa al urban planning within the CRDA region.
Food and Beverages Tex le Non metallic Minerals Auto and Auto Components Rubber and Plas cs Pharmaceu cal Industry Electronics Basic and Fabricated Metals Tourism Aerospace Logis cs IT/ITes Aquaculture
Fig.6.6 highlights the preliminary Clusteriza on of various iden fied industrial/economic drivers in the Capital Region: • Industry focus/clusteriza on based on hinterland synergies • Focus of Hi Tech, High Value add economic ac vi es at Capital City • Heavier Industrial clusters at the periphery of the Region • Logis cs City at the connec ng transport corridors • Support Industrial Cluster hub
LEGEND
Fig.6.6 Capital Region_Preliminary Clusteriza on of Sectors THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
9 Assessment of historical population trends of Guntur & Krishna districts and compute
Analysis of Population Trends
Forecasting CRDA Population based on organic growth
Step 2 (a)
9 Forecasting of current CRDA population on the basis of organic growth witnessed by
Guntur & Krishna districts
Step 3 Benchmarking key capital cities to assess the population growth
9 Benchmarking of key capital cities to assess the historical population growth trends
witnessed in these urban areas ~ represents the population growth witnessed on account of economic development of the region
Step 4
Forecasting CRDA Population for incremental growth anticipated
(b)
Assess the inmigration population from the influence region
(c)
9 Forecasting of current CRDA population (based on the incremental growth rates achieved
by key capital cities such as Bengaluru & Hyderabad) taking into consideration the significant economic growth anticipated in the region
Step 5 9 Identify the urban areas in the influence region and forecast population growth based on
decadal growth rates; assess the share of the forecasted population which is expected to migrate to CRDA for potential opportunities
Compute the overall forecasted population
6.4 BROAD DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
decadal growth rates exhibited
Step 6 (a+b+c) 9 Compute the total estimated population utilizing the organic growth, anticipated
economic growth and the migration population
The proposed Capital Region would be expected to witness significant popula on growth over the next few decades, due to the development of capital city and other economic developments that have the poten al to create considerable direct and indirect employment in the region. In view of this, we have undertaken a broad es mate of popula on projec ons for 2 me horizons of 10 and 20 years. The broad popula on projec ons at this stage of the study are primarily based on the benchmarking of key other capital ci es and the an cipated growth of the capital region over the next 20 years.
9 Assessment of District Domestic Product (DDP) & Population trends of Guntur & Krishna
districts; establish the historical growth / decadal rates exhibited
Table 6.1 Capital Region_Preliminary Clusteriza on of Sectors
Step 2 Assessment GDP & population for CRDA
9 Apportionment of appropriate shares to the total DDP of Guntur & Krishna districts to
Step 3 9 Benchmark key capital cities (Hyderabad, Bengaluru) to assess the historical GDP growth
achieved by these cities and the movement of per capita contribution to GDP
Step 4 (a)
9 Computation of per capita contribution to GDP for CRDA region by dividing the total GDP
(a/b)
Scenario 1 (Based on growth achieved by key Capital Ci es)
8.23
11
13.5
Scenario 2 (Based on an cipated economic growth in Capital Region)
17.71
8.88
10.2
Krishna & Guntur; the GDP growth rates achieved by key benchmarked cities is kept in perspective for forecasting the GDP growth
Step 5 (b)
Total Projected Popula on in Capital (In Million) 2025 2035 2050
9 Forecast the GDP growth rate of CRDA based on the historical growth rate of DDP for
by the total current population of CRDA region; historical growth trends & dynamics of benchmarked cities to be utilized for forecasting the per capita contribution
Step 6 Compute the population of CRDA
Parameters
arrive at the GDP numbers for CRDA region; derive the total population of CRDA
Assessment of GDP & population growth for key cities
Projection of per capital contribution to GDP
The findings of the popula on projec ons from the above 2 methodologies are presented in the table below:
Step 1
Analysis of DDP & Population for Krishna/Guntur
Projection of GDP of CRDA
We have adopted 2 techniques for es ma ng the popula on in the capital region over the next 20 years. The exhibit beside highlights the broad methodologies employed to es mate the popula on in the region.
9 Derivation of total population of CRDA region by dividing the projected GDP by projected
per capita contribution to GDP for a time horizon of 10 & 20 years
91
6.5 BROAD WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS 92
6.5.1 BROAD WORKFORCE PROJECTIONS The an cipated economic development in the capital region necessitates the need for incremental workforce addi on to the exis ng workforce in the region. Therefore, an overview of the exis ng workforce in the region has been undertaken to understand the total workforce in the region, key sectors contribu ng to majority of the jobs and the incremental workforce addi on expected over a me horizon of 35 years. An assessment of the exis ng workforce sta s cs indicates that the capital region and the capital city have a total exis ng workforce of approx. 2.15 mn and 0.11 mn respec vely. Further, majority of the exis ng workforce (approx. 70%) in the capital region and the capital city was observed to be cons tuted by workers employed in services, manufacturing and Govt. machinery. In addi on, it was observed that about 20% of the workers are employed in cul va on and agriculture whereas the remaining workforce was observed to be employed in household industry. The dynamics of the exis ng workforce, the trends observed in the workforce par cipa on ra o and the popula on projec ons undertaken in the above module have been u lized to es mate the broad workforce addi on in the capital region by year 2050.
The exhibits alongside highlights the methodology adopted for workforce projec ons and the summary of key findings of workforce projec ons.
6.6 POPULATION DISTRIBU TION The projected Popula on of 11mi by the Year 2035 is planned for and distributed across the Capital Region as follows:
H®¦« DÄÝ®ãù P½ÄĮĦ AÙÝ: The Central Planning Area with the Capital City, Vijayawada and Mangalagiri urban agglomera on will be developed as High Density Compact Neighbourhood with an average gross density of 5000 p/sq.km.
M®çà DÄÝ®ãù P½ÄĮĦ AÙÝ The Southern, South East and Eastern Planning Areas will be developed as medium density Areas with defini ve ‘No development Zone’ boundaries to protect the fer le agriculture land. Fig.6.7 Methodology adopted for workforce projec ons
LÊó DÄÝ®ãù P½ÄĮĦ AÙÝ The South West, Western, Northern and North East Planning Areas are expected to develop in the later phases with Low density Developments.
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Table 6.2 Summary of Workforce projec ons for Capital Region
Parameters
2015
Exis ng Workforce in Capital Region* (in million)
2.17
Organic Growth Model 2050 Incremental Workforce by 2050 3.31
1.14
Economic Growth Model 2015 2050 Incremental Workforce by 2050 2.23
5.68
3.44
Exis ng Popula on Year 2011 Projected Popula on Year 2035
Fig.6.9 Capital Region_Projected Popula on Growth
Planning Area Density
Fig.6.10 Capital Region_Projected Density LEGEND
Fig.6.8 Capital Region_Projected Popula on Distribu on _Year 2035
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6.7 KEY STRATEGIES AND CONCEPTS 6.7.1 T R
R
C
B
Currently, the Capital Region’s road transporta on depends heavily on the two busy na onal highways NH9 and NH5. As these two highways intersect at Vijayawada, they congest the Vijayawada city centre. Throughtraffic travels through the city with no alterna ves around Vijayawada. To relieve the exis ng condi on, Vijayawada Bypass (VB), Inner ring road (IRR) and Outer ring road (ORR) are proposed. The Inner ring road forms a complete closed loop around the Capital City, ac ng as an expressway. This is supplemented by the Vijayawada Bypass. The bypass will be constructed at the same me as part of the Seed Capital so that it can act as a catalyst for development.
One end of the VB is close to the airport city at Gannavaram, providing a fast route from the city centre to the airport, and the other end intersects with the NH9, diverging the traffic from NH9 to the VB. The VB is connected to the Outer ring road and the Capital City centre through radial roads. The VB may be constructed as a highcapacity urban road, with the op on to upgrade to an expressway in the future. The reserve for the expressway is to be safeguarded for future expansion. The Outer ring road is envisioned to be a larger orbital connec ng the periphery urban centres such as Guntur, Tenali and Gudivada.
LEGEND
The VB is closer to the Capital City and forms a semi-circle shape through the towns along the city fringe. This semiexpressway serves as a relief road to the traffic volume through the city centre and across the Krishna River to Vijayawada and the airport.
Fig.6.11 Proposed Concept for Regional Transport Network THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Upon implementa on of the ORR, traffic among these ci es and towns has an alterna ve choice of express route other than the NH9 and NH5. Furthermore, these large ci es and towns are connected to the Capital City through radial roads. Traffic from ci es further away from the Capital City such as Hyderabad to the new Machilipatnam Port or from Visakhapatnam to Chennai could go around the Capital City via the ORR, avoiding the busy sec ons of NH9 and NH5 that pass through the Capital City. The airport city at Gannavaram can also be reached from the industrial centres directly through the ORR. Moreover, the ORR provides two more route choices to cross the Krishna River. Construc on of the ORR is expected to take place in two phases. The first phase is the expressway construc on between the exis ng NH9 to NH5. The northern sec on is to be built a er the traffic volume from NH9 west to NH5 north achieves sufficient sufficient mass. LEGEND
Fig.6.12 Poten al Na onal Waterway Transport and Water Logis c Hubs
The construc on of the ORR and VB can be done in sec ons as and when required, as long as the construc on requirements are standardized. By doing so, a standard cross-sec on can be maintained.
W
T
H
The Na onal Waterway 4 runs along Buckingham Canal, Krishna River, and Eluru Canal within the Capital Region. These waterways are navigable, and therefore has poten al for freight movement. Prakasam Barrage is the mee ng point for the three major waterways, and therefore has poten al as a water transporta on hub. In addi on, Gannavaram and Tenali are also located along the Na onal Waterway, and therefore are also poten al transporta on hubs linking water transporta on to rail, air and road.
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Types of cargo which can be carried via the Waterway are coal, rice, food grains, cement, fer lizer and other bulk cargo. This can significantly reduce transporta on costs for low-yield and non-perishable goods. The poten al of the waterways for people movement was studied, however was found to be less relevant due to the availability of rail and road transport within Tenali and Gannavaram.
D
F
C
The new Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) for the delivery of cargo and a High-Speed Rail line for the passengers would both pass through the Capital City and thus make the city a Gateway hub. The proposed DFC runs between Chennai and Visakhapatnam along the coastal corridor. There is poten al for the DFC to be expanded significantly due to the presence of upcoming and exis ng ports such as Bapatla and Machilipatnam.
Hyderabad may also u lize the exis ng rail links through the Capital Region.
H
S
R
T
There are currently plans to build a high speed rail connec on from Hyderabad to Chennai via Vijayawada. It is proposed that the High Speed Rail stop runs through the Capital City instead of through Vijayawada Junc on so that rail traffic to Vijayawada can be reduced. There is also opportunity to expand the high-speed rail northeast-wards to Visakhapatnam, and therefore the alignment may provide an opportunity to provide a second high-speed rail sta on near the Airport. The provision of the expansion towards Visakhapatnam may therefore encourage growth along the DFC. By providing a stop at Gannavaram, the HSR may also contribute to air traffic movements to Gannavaram Interna onal Airport. LEGEND
The increased u liza on of sea ports for industry can also vitalize the Capital Region as an industrial des na on, as shown in the previous sec ons. The key economic and industrial sectors can benefit from direct access to these seaports via rail and roads. In addi on, freight from Hyderabad is expected to u lize Machilipatnam via rail and NH9. As such, the DFC from THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Fig.6.13 Proposed High Speed Rail and Dedicated Freight Corridors
M
-
T
H
A transport hub is proposed inside the Capital City where Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) terminal, bus terminal, railway sta on and parking all located at the same loca on. Thereby, the transi ons between these modes of transporta on can be done at the transport hub. A new poten al East-West highway would connect the new Machilipatnam Port and the Capital City. Increased traffic will be expected at the two places and makes them the poten al transport hubs.
LEGEND
I T
I
-
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Inside the Capital City, a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) network is proposed to ensure that all the commercial area, residen al area and business centers in the city are accessible by MRT. This system also has a poten al to be extended and connect the Capital City with Vijayawada. Within each of the other large ci es such as Vijayawada, Guntur and Tenali, Bus rapid transit (BRT) network would be implemented. At the intercity scale, express bus services would provide fast connec on between ci es, while rural bus services would serve the villages outside the Capital City and the other industrial centers. Currently, ci es are also linked by scheduled railway services. In the future, addi onal lines will be introduced between the ci es and express services will be provided between the Capital City and the other ci es.
S
T
S
Road networks are the key infrastructure where investment can be made to support sustainable transport systems. Road infrastructure should be allocated for public transport, pedestrians and cyclists. As part of the Master Plan, transport corridors will be designed with these in mind. Dedicated lanes for BRT, cyclists and pedestrian should be reserved within the ci es while none of these lanes is needed for intercity roads. Fig.6.14 Proposed Concept for Regional Rail / Public Transport Network
6.7.2 W 98
S
Objec ve: Adequate water resource for sustainable future development
S • Se ng up of a centralized ins tu on to manage water supply sector in Capital Region; • U lizing alterna ve water sources; • Reduc on of water wastage; and • Enhance the exis ng water bodies
P 1. Se ng up of a centralized ins tu on to manage water supply sector in Capital Region Capital Region has to set up a centralized ins tu on that will comprise representa ves of all the stakeholders. This ins tu on will review the na onal water policy and implement relevant policy within Capital Region. Its du es should also include planning and se ng up fund alloca on for future water supply project and managing all service providers. Current service provider, Guntur Municipal Corpora on (GMC) and Vijayawada Municipal Corpora on (VMC), will con nue taking charge of the opera on and maintaining of new developed urban areas and exis ng se lement. 2. Water supply augmenta on by u lizing alterna ve water sources There are two alterna ve water sources in Capital Region that have not been fully u lized, they are waste water and
storm water. Wastewater can be treated and reused for non potable use. The treatment level required is dependent on the quality of the waste water collected and its intended end use. Currently, only 10% waste water of Capital Region is collected and treated in Sewerage Treatment Plant. The treated effluent is discharged to nearest water bodies and none of them have been reused. If the en re Capital Region is covered by sewers, it would generate significant amount of treated water, which would be an alterna ve water source. Storm-water harves ng presents poten al for non-potable uses since the annual rainfall of Capital Region is in a range from 800 to 1200 mm. There are various methods to collect rain water, such as tank storage for small catchment and reten on pond for big catchment. 3. Reduc on of water wastage Water wastage is mainly caused by water leakage and excessive by the end users. Water leakage can be reduced through opera on & maintenance of the water supply network such as pressure management and leak detec on. Preventa ve maintenance along with network rehabilita on strategies, provide an opportunity to prolong the lifespan of exis ng infrastructure and improve system performance with regards to water leakage. An electronic database must be set up for all bulk water infrastructure and
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
re cula on infrastructure to facilitate the opera on and maintenance of the network. It should be structured under ins tu onal status, asset assessment. Meter readings can be recorded in an electronic format for ease of reference. Water wastage by end users can be managed by installa on of water efficient fi ngs, implementa on of progressive water tariff based on consump on volume and educa on program on how to save water.
WÝã WãÙ Objec ve: Provide totally sani zed, healthy, and sustainable waste water management system.
S • Increase access to sanita on facili es • Provide sufficient STP facili es in all urban/rural areas • Introduce the concept of Environmental Treatment Zone (ETZ) • Stop the discharge of untreated waste water into the open drains and water bodies • Reuse of the treated waste water effluent
Eco-friendly Sewage Treatment Plant (Organica)
P 4. Increase access to sanita on facili es This target can be achieved by upgrading and expanding the exis ng sanita on facili es and construc ng new ones for areas without any sanita on facili es. Appropriate sanita on type would be proposed based on the exis ng topography and future land use. For new developed
Membrane Filtra on Module for Water Treatment Plant
urban areas, sufficient sewage network would be provided. For the remaining rural areas, maintenance and opera on regime would be provided for sep c tanks. 5. Provide sufficient STP facili es in all urban areas
Constructed Wetlands
By considering the exis ng sewage treatment infrastructures, there is not enough sewerage treatment capacity provision to serve the en re region of Capital Region. The proposed STW’s shall be located at the low lying areas with road access and proximity to the exis ng water bodies. The current waste water treatment system can be improved by introducing more advanced water treatment technology such as membrane filtra on technology. The main advantages of membrane filtra on technology are listed as follows: • Low space requirement; • Higher quality of treated water; and • Easy to modify and upgrade by modules based on the requirement.
7. Stop the discharge of untreated waste water into the open drains and water bodies Strict enforcement of the law and regula on coupled with increased access to sanita on facili es and sufficient STPs are necessary to stop the prac ce of discharging untreated waste water into the open drains and water bodies. Effluent discharge standard should be introduced in Capital Region in case to control the water quality.
SãÊÙà WãÙ Objec ve: Provide flood protec on to new developments and exis ng se lements
The proposed STPs will be located within the Environmental Treatment Zone (ETZ) together with solid waste and storm water treatment system. ETZ is the integrated waste management concept. The ideal of ETZ is to isolate and treat all the unwanted waste far from the residen al area and minimize the contact between the residents and the waste. Vegetates Swales in Residen al Area (Puget Sound, WA Ac on Team)
10. Implement Water Sensi ve Urban Design (WSUD)
S • Provide Flood Protec on Zones (FPZ) • Improve and expand drainage network • Implement Water Sensi ve Urban Design (SUDS)
P 8. Flood Protec on Zones
6. Introduce the concept of Environmental Treatment Zone (ETZ)
The current drainage network in Capital Region consists of conven onal open drains and irriga on canals. Some canals are polluted and accumulate sediment due to lack of maintenance. As part of the Na onal Disaster Management Guidelines for Floods, roadside drains should be provided for all roads to collect and discharge the storm water properly to mi gate the flooding problem. Meanwhile, opera on and maintenance of canals should be provided for all canals, together with revamping of the sanded up canals.
Green Buffer such as grass land and woodland should be provided at the banks of the exis ng rivers and canals in Capital Region. The green buffer has several important advantages, for example: • Protec ng soils from erosion; • Slowing down the speed of water flow rate; and • Protec ng water quality 9. Improve network
and
expand
drainage
Capital Region of Capital Region is located on a flood plain. To achieve a sustainable storm water system, it is essen al to introduce the Water Sensi ve Urban Design (WSUD). WSUD is different from the conven onal urban storm water runoff management system. Key principles of WSUD system are listed as follows: • Protec ng and improving the water quality of water draining from urban environments into creeks, rivers and wetland; • Restoring the urban water balance by maximizing the reuse of storm water, recycled water and grey water; • Conserving water resources through reuse and system efficiency; • Integra ng storm water treatment into the landscape so that it offers mul ple benefits such as improved water quality , wildlife habitat, recrea on and open public space; and
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100
• Reducing peak flows and runoff from the urban environment simultaneously providing for infiltra on and groundwater recharge The technique of WSUD includes: • The use of water-efficient appliances to reduce potable water use; • Grey water reuse as an alternate source of water to conserve potable supplies; • Deten on, rather than rapid conveyance of storm-water; • Reuse, storage and infiltra on of storm water, instead of drainage system augmenta on; and • Use of vegeta on for storm-water filtering purposes; By implemen ng WSUD, it will help to: • Reduce potable water demand; • Incorporate the use of water efficient appliances and fi ngs; • Adopt a fit-for-purpose approach to the use of poten al alterna ve sources of water such as rainwater; and • Minimize wastewater genera on and treatment of wastewater to a standard suitable for effluent reuse and/or release to receiving waters.
WÝã MĦÃÄã Objec ve: Develop an economic and sustainable solid waste management system
S • Iden fy Proper Landfill Site for Solid Waste Proposal • Introduce the hierarchy of waste management (5R) to Capital Region • Provide General Waste Educa on, Awareness and Training Program
P 11. Iden fy Proper Landfill Site for Solid Waste Proposal Suitable sites for landfill need to be iden fied in Capital Region to reduce improper solid waste disposal. Solid waste treatment facili es should be allocated nearby the landfill site to provide an appropriate and efficient solid waste treatment cycle. 12. Introduce the hierarchy of waste management (5R) to Capital Region
power genera on. This can be built within the ETZs at a local level. 13. Provide General Waste Educa on, Awareness and Training. Development and implementa on of solid waste awareness and educa on plan for both the municipality staff and public is an essen al part to enhance the overall Solid Waste Management.. The training course for the municipality staff should include various aspects such as solid waste collec on and transporta on, solid waste treatment, management of solid waste collectors, occupa onal hazards, etc. This will equip the staff with the right exper se to handle solid waste management properly and safely. Awareness program for the public should include ps to reduce, reuse and recycle waste and importance, health and hygiene knowledge, etc.
6.7.3 P 5R stands for Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover and Remove. This framework is proposed by Government of Andhra Pradesh to improve the solid waste treatment system. It forms the hierarchy of the en re system; aim to promote waste reduc on by using less resource and energy, resource reuse by extending the lifespan of resource and u lizing waste and increasing ra o of recyclable materials against the total waste. There is opportunity to recover energy via Waste to Energy (WTE) incinera on plants which can be used to supplement
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
Power supply system consists of genera on, transmission, and distribu on system. Electricity is generated at power sta ons from various natural resources such as coal, natural gas, hydro, solar, geothermal and wind. The power sta ons produce electricity in large quan es where economies of scale can be achieved. For this planning, it is assumed that power genera on plants (Type, loca on and size) shall be taken care by the government (either through construc on of new power plants/ or
imported by the neighboring countries) and sufficient power shall be delivered to development area when needed.
P The electricity transmission network refers to the pylons, wires and substa ons that make up the na onal grid. Power sta ons are located at or close to the fuel resource which is o en a considerable distance from where the major demand for electricity is located. Large quan es of electricity are therefore transported over the transmission network to major substa ons located in key areas. Supply may also come from power sta ons in other states via interconnectors which link the transmission systems. High voltages are needed for the economic transport of large quan es of electricity but these voltages are far too high for customers to use. The transmission voltages are reduced in several stages, ini ally in substa ons, by transformers. The substa ons also contain switchgear which controls the flow of electricity between substa ons and into the distribu on network. As the bulk supply of electricity is divided into smaller quan es, the voltage can be lowered. The result is a large network of power lines, all opera ng at different voltages according to how much electricity they have to carry, bringing electricity closer and closer to where customers want to use it and then delivering it literally to their door at an appropriate supply voltage.
For planning purposes, it is assumed that access to the electricity is 100% for the planned development area. Maximum demand shall be based on development data given by planner. The proposed transmission substa ons and transmission system (756kV, 400kV, 220kV, 132kV) shall be based on es mated maximum demand of the serving area / phasing.
P
D
The local substa ons supply the distribu on system which is a network of high voltage (11kv or 33kv) and low voltage (LV) (less than 600V) feeders. These feeders could be overhead power lines or underground cables. Distribu on transformers reduce high voltage to low voltage for use within households, shops, businesses, factories, hospitals, schools, etc. Distribu on system at the local area can only be carried out during the detail design stage, hence will not be discussed here.
6.8 ACTION PLANS Ac ons plans are the priority steps to be taken by the Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) to implement the Capital Region Plan. These ac ons plans are mainly to engage the respec ve third party stakeholders/authori es to ini ate Na onal/State/District level projects and reserve land for the same in a planned manner. These ac on plans are an addi on to the extensive policy framework and ins tu onal set up being taken up parallelly by CRDA.
ACTION PLAN 1 MÝãÙ P½ÄÝ ¥ÊÙ F®ÙÝã Ä SÊÄ T®Ù C®ã®Ý: To do Detailed Land Use Master Plans for the Regional Centres. To iden fy development boundaries and contain the urbaniza on within the boundaries and prevent urban sprawl.
ACTION PLAN 2 SãÙ㦮 LÄ BÄ»®Ä¦: To reserve and protect the land along Na onal Highway 5 and Na onal Highway 9 for Economic Development.
ACTION PLAN 3 D㮽 IÄçÝãÙ®½ Sãçù ¥ÊÙ F®ÙÝã Ä SÊÄ T®Ù C®ã®Ý: To do detailed industrial master plans for the second er ci es and protect sufficient land at strategic loca ons.
ACTION PLAN 4 R®¦«ã Ê¥ Wù PÙÊãã®ÊÄ: To conduct de-
ACTION PLAN 5 Sç UÙÄ R®½ NãóÊÙ»Ý: To ini ate di-
ACTION PLAN 6 H®¦« SÖ R®½ A½®¦ÄÃÄã: To ini ate
ACTION PLAN 7 D®ã FÙ®¦«ã CÊÙÙ®ÊÙ A½®¦ÄÃÄã To
tailed study for the Outer Ring Road and inner ring alignment, phasing and strategy for Land acquisi on.
alogue with the Indian Railways for strategic connec ons between Tenali, Gudivada, Nuzvid, Nandigama and Sa enapalle.
dialogue with the HSRC of India on the possible realignment and the loca on of sta ons in Capital City and Gannavaram Airport
ini ate dialogue with the DFC authority of India on the possible realignment and the loca on of Logis c Sta ons in Tenali and Gudivada
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ACTION PLAN 8 IÄã¦Ùã TÙÄÝÖÊÙã HçÝ: To ini ate di-
ACTION PLAN 9 WÝã ãÊ EÄÙ¦ù TÙãÃÄã S®ã: To ini ate
alogue and development models for the development of Integrated Transport hubs with retail, commercial, recrea on and other public facili es
detailed study on the viability of the Waste to Energy (WTE) plants and protec on of sufficient land at strategic loca ons.
ACTION PLAN 12 EÄò®ÙÊÄÃÄã½½ù SÄÝ®ã®ò AÙ PÙÊãã®ÊÄ: To ini ate detailed study on the rivers , trib-
ACTION PLAN 13 CÊÝã½ R¦ç½ã®ÊÄ ZÊÄ ¥ÊÙ Ù®òÙ: To im-
ACTION PLAN 14 AÃÄ®ã®Ý Ä Pç½® F®½®ã®Ý: To prepare
ACTION PLAN 15 Cç½ãçÙ½, R½®¦®ÊçÝ Ä Hٮ㦠S®ãÝ: To
plement the ‘No development’ zone in rural areas; however speak to the authori es to discard the rule in the City Core to enable to develop an ac ve river waterfront.
a facility provision standards template and implement it in all the township plans within the Capital Region.
iden fy and protect Cultural, Religious and Heritage sites as AP State Heritage Monuments
utaries and hills and restore them from Urbanizaon and also zone them as protected zones
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
ACTION PLAN 10 Só¦ TÙãÃÄã Ä WãÙ TÙãÃÄã P½Äã S®ãÝ: To ini ate detailed study on the STP and WTP plants loca on and safeguard sufficient land at strategic loca ons.
ACTION PLAN 11 A¦Ù®ç½ãçÙ LÄ PÙÊãã®ÊÄ: To legally zone the fer le agricultural lands as conserved areas and protect them from urbaniza on
A P 16 TÊçÙ®Ýà MÝãÙ P½ÄÝ: To ini ate a detailed Tourism Master Plans to integrate the Cultural, Religious and Heritage Sites and other tourism spots within the capital region and beyond.
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6.9 THE WAY FORWARD The Capital Region Concept Plan sets the macro planning direc ons and the regional structure of the Capital Region. This plan will help divert investments phase wise in an organized manner. This concept, however, is not cast in stone; the plan will be reviewed by the CRDA every 5 - 20 years to incorporate the market dynamics into the Regional Plan if deemed necessary. The Stage 2 of the project will involve Planning of the Capital City defining specific planning parameters such as popula on projec ons for the capital city plan, se ng KPI’s for the Capital City, individual land use quantum and loca ons, development densi es, schema c Infrastructure and Transporta on Plan and Zoning Plan. View of Pedemadduru Hill from Nelapadu Water Tank
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THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
GLOSSARY xv
Capital Region Plan: The Capital Region Plan is a strategic plan and that guides the region’s development over the next 40-50 years. Reviewed every ten years, the Concept Plan ensures that there is sufficient land to meet longterm popula on and economic growth needs while providing a good quality living environment for the people Capital City Master Plan: The Capital City Master Plan (MP) is the statutory land use plan which will guide the Capital City development in the medium term over the next 10 to 15 years. It is reviewed every five years and translates the broad long-term strategies of the Concept Plan into detailed plans to guide the development of land and property. The Master Plan shows the permissible land use and density for developments in the Capital City. Regional Centre : is a second- er commercial zone a er the main central business district in the Capital City. Regional Centres are meant to decentralize the func ons and services of the Capital City , helping to alleviate conges on there and to bring the workplace closer to peoples’ homes. Regional centres primarily serve people in each region, with people from other regions as a secondary concern. These regional centres contain a collec on of shopping malls, markets, Office, recrea onal, health and other forms of commercial facili es.
Economic Growth corridor : Economic Growth corridor connect economic agents along a defined geography. They provide important connec ons between economic nodes or hubs that are usually centered in urban landscapes. They do not stand alone, as their role in regional economic development can be comprehended only in terms of the network effects that they induce’ - source -ADB Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integra on Planning Area: Few mandal boundaries are integrated into one Planning Area. This boundary is for administraƟve purpose as opposed to electoral divisions. Dividing the Capital Region into these smaller Planning Areas assists in easy implementaƟon and management of resources. Each Planning Area is idenƟfied with a Regional Centre as its focused Economic Hub. Agricultural Protec on Zone : This zone provides the opportunity to protect the exisƟng agricultural / rural land use acƟviƟes to be intact, and only allow a limited range of other uses that will not facilitate urbanizaƟon. Land for Future Expansion : This zone provides the opportunity to reserve the land for future urbanizaƟon; Development on this land would be permissible only when the Capital City / Regional Centre reaches its development limit.
The Glossary sec on will be updated sequen ally a er each stage
View from the Canal Road looking at Kaleswara Rao Market Main Bus Stop, Vijayawada
xvi
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
xvii
APPENDIX
Men at work.
B xviii
B
C
For the next stage of planning of the Capital City; few ci es are studied for benchmarking. The criteria used to select the benchmarked ci es were as follows: • Waterfront ci es • Greenfield planned ci es • Global as well as local ci es A compara ve analysis of these ci es will help be er understand the strategies adopted that created the kind of ci es they are today. Following 4 Interna onal ci es have been studied for the purpose men oned above: 1. Washington DC, USA 2. Canberra, Australia 3. Brasilia, Brazil 4. Putrajaya, Malaysia The key take aways from these capital ci es are: Grand Ceremonial Civic axis as the main feature of the city Physical features like hills & river influence the axis posi on and orienta on and thus dominate the City planning. The City Center and the Capital complex are combined together either parallelly to the axis or as a nodal development adjacent to each other.
The site of Canberra was selected for the loca on of the na on's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest ci es. It is unusual among Australian ci es, being an en rely planned city outside of any state, similar to Washington, D.C. in the United States or Brasilia in Brazil.
In 1791, President Washington commissioned Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant, a French-born architect and city planner, to design the new capital. The L'Enfant Plan featured broad streets and avenues radia ng out from rectangles, providing room for open space and landscaping. He based his design on plans of ci es such as Paris, Amsterdam, Karlsruhe, and Milan brought from Europe by Thomas Jefferson in 1788. L'Enfant's design also envisioned a garden-lined "grand avenue" approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) in length and 400 feet (120 m) wide in the area that is now the Na onal Mall.
en.wikipedia.org
Washington DC, USA Popula on: Approx. 660,000 Area: Approx. 177 sq.km.
Brasília was planned and developed by Lúcio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer in 1956 in order to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a more central loca on. The landscape architect was Roberto Burle Marx. The city's design divides it into numbered blocks as well as sectors for specified ac vi es, such as the Hotel Sector, the Banking Sector and the Embassy Sector. Brasília was chosen as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its modernist architecture. The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administra ve division rather than a legal municipality like other ci es in Brazil.
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
The Chicago architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construc on commenced in 1913. The city's design was influenced by the garden city movement and incorporates significant areas of natural vegeta on that have earned Canberra the tle of the "bush capital".
www.audrc.org
Canberra, Australia Popula on: Approx. 360,000 Area: Approx. 815 sq.km.
Putrajaya, planned as a garden and intelligent city, 38% of the area is reserved for green spaces by emphasising the enhancement of natural landscape. A network of open spaces and wide boulevards were incorporated to the plan. Construc on began in August 1995 and it was Malaysia's biggest project and one of Southeast Asia's largest with es mated final cost of US$ 8.1 billion. The en re project was designed and constructed by Malaysian companies with only 10% of the materials imported.
brasilll.com
www.tnnegypt.com
Brasilia, Brazil
Putrajaya, Malaysia
Popula on: Approx. 2,860,000 Area: Approx. 5,802 sq.km.
Popula on: Approx. 70,000 Area: Approx. 49 sq.km.
Among the Indian examples, following state capital were studied. 1. Chandigarh, India 2. Jaipur, India 3. Naya Raipur, India 4. Gandhinagar, India The key take aways from these capital ci es are: Some of the different func ons of the Capital City are Civic core comprising of the Assembly, Secratariate & High Court; State Government & Ins tu onal buildings; Central business district; Business Parks, Government housing and University. The Civic core sums up to approximately 3 sq km area while the Central Business District measures between 1 to 2 sq km. The average city block size is approximately 0.8 in width to 1.2km in length. The green connectors are where maximum public ameni es are located.
The construc on of Jaipur started in 1727. It took around four years to complete the major palaces, roads and square.
Chandigarh, also known as The City Beau ful, is a city and a union territory in the northern part of India that serves as the capital of the states of Haryana and Punjab. The city of Chandigarh was the first planned city in India postindependence in 1947 and is known interna onally for its urban design. The master plan of the city was prepared by Le Corbusier, transformed from an earlier plan by the American planner Albert Mayer. Most of the government buildings and housing in the city, however, is designed by the Chandigarh Capital Project Team headed by Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry.
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Chandigarh
The city was built following the principles of Shilpa Shastra, the science of Indian Architecture. The city was divided into nine blocks, two of which contain the state buildings and palaces, with the remaining seven allo ed to the public. Huge for fica on walls were built, along with seven strong gates. For the me, during the regime of Sawai Ram Singh, the whole city was painted pink to welcome Edward, Prince of Wales. Today, avenues remain painted in pink, giving Jaipur a dis nc ve appearance.
Popula on: Approx. 1,050,000 Area: Approx. 114 sq.km. While venturing to prepare the development plan for Naya Raipur, basic studies were made in the form of a secondary survey of data on Chandigarh (the first capital of independent India) and Raipur, the elder sister and the most important “organic” metropolis in the region. With a popula on of 5.6 lakh, the Naya Raipur City is expected to generate approximately 2.2 lakh jobs, with an assumed workforce par cipa on rate of 40%. The high standards of physical and social infrastructure adopted for the city will be able to cope with the maximum capacity of the city.
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besƩoddlertoys.eu
Jaipur Popula on: Approx. 6,700,000 Area: Approx. 645 sq.km.
The character of a plan for a new city is influenced by various factors, such as the regional se ng, site condi ons, dominant func on etc. Func onally, Gandhinagar was to be the capital city of Gujarat. The new city would predominantly be the administra ve centre of the state and consequently may acquire many important cultural, civic and allied func ons. Ini ally, the principal employer in the city would be the state government and as such, the design popula on was based on the government employment structure. In 1965 the city was planned for a popula on of 150,000. nayaraipur.gov.in
www.swasƟkrealbiz.com
Naya Raipur
Gandhinagar
Popula on: Approx. 2,860,000 Area: Approx. 5,802 sq.km.
Popula on: Approx. 196,000 Area: Approx. 177 sq.km.
Capital Region_ Projected Popula on Distribu on and Density
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Planning Area
No. of Mandals
Area E x i s t i n g P r o j e c t e d Density (sq.km.) Popula on Popula on (p/sq.km.) (Year 2011) (Year 2035)
Central
7
Mangalagiri, Thullur, Tadepalli, Ibrahimpatnam, Vijayawada (Urban), Vijayawada (Rural) and Penamaluru
Southern
11
Eastern
South East
854
1760790
4,250,000
4,977
Chilakaluripet, Edlapadu, Guntur, Medikonduru, Nadendla, Pedakakani, Pedanandipadu, Phirangipuram, Prathipadu, Tadikonda, Va cherukuru
1266
1281334
2,180,000
1,721
14
Challapalle, Ghantasala, Gudivada, Gudlavalleru, Kankipadu, Mopidevi, Movva, Mudinepalle, Nandivada, Pamarru, Pamidimukkala, Pedaparupudi, Thotlavalluru and Vuyyuru
1072
689394
1,190,000
1,110
16
Amruthalur, Bha prolu, Chebrolu, Herukupalle, Duggirala, Kakumanu, Karlapalem, Kollipara, Kollur, Nagaram, Pi alavanipalem, Ponnur, Repalle, Tenali, Tsundur, Vemuru
1159
859101
1,370,000
1,182
South West 7
Amaravathi, Atchampet, Bellamkonda, Muppalla, Pedakurapadu, Sa enapalle
Krosuru,
897
379427
590,000
658
Northern
6
Agiripalle, G.konduru, Musunuru, Mylavaram, Nuzvid, Reddigudem
837
318026
530,000
633
Western
5
Chandarlapadu, Kanchikacherla, Penuganchiprolu, Veerullapadu
788
295939
500,000
635
North East
3
Bapulapadu, Gannavaram, Unguturu
534
226272
420,000
787
Nandigama,
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
AGRICULTURAL ZONE
PROTECTION
WORLD WIDE CASE EXAMPLES A major concern that most of the agricultural ci es face today is the development of agricultural land. Agriculture Land is being converted into housing developments and commercial estates at an alarming rate. To combat this irreparable lost of agricultural land various countries have adopted suitable strategies. A few of them are listed below. Keys reasons for conver ng agricultural land to other land uses are: • Increased Demand on Land • Agricultural Business Reali es dependant on nature, government’s policies and farmer’s ability. • Other Government Policies- Tax policies such as tax abatements for industry, capital gains taxes, and income tax deduc ons for homeowners encourage land use conversion. Key reasons to protect Agricultural land • Sustain Quality of Life • Protect prime fer le lands for food produc on • Protect Natural Resources Wellmanaged agriculture land protects soil and water resources and can prevent flooding.
CASE EXAMPLE 1 - UNITED STATES OF AMERICA This sec on discusses implementa on policies being used throughout the U.S. to protect agricultural lands.1 PURCHASE OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS A Purchase of Development Rights (PDR) program is a voluntary and compensatory farmland protec on technique. PDR programs pay farmland owners to permanently restrict development on their land, offering liquid assets to farmers who are o en land rich and cash poor. PDR programs are some mes known also as “Purchase of Agricultural Conserva on Easements” (PACE). PDR programs offer a more planned approach to protec ng agricultural lands while giving landowners incen ves to keep property in agricultural uses. - 20 out of 50 states in the USA have some sort of PDR Programme.
Communi es can benefit from TDR programs because they are paid for by the private marketplace and promote commercial and residen al growth close to public services. The greatest advantages of TDR programs include permanent protec on, voluntary par cipa on, channeling development to preferred loca ons, and monetary benefits to farmers. However, these programs can be quite complicated, and the availability of suitable parcels of land to receive the development is a prerequisite - 14 out of 50 states in the USA had legisla on that allowed the use of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR)
TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS TDR programs allow the transfer of development rights from one parcel of land (sending parcel) to another (receiving parcel). The sending parcel is then permanently protected by a conserva on easement. This shi in land uses allows locally designated growth areas to receive the growth while protec ng agricultural lands.
AGRICULTURAL LAND ZONING Agricultural zoning refers to local zoning ordinances that designate and protect areas or zones. Other land uses in these areas are discouraged. Zoning is widely used. However, there are problems associated with this method of agricultural land protec on. Zoning is rarely permanent. Variances and rezoning occur on a regular basis, thus zoning offers li le hope of a las ng solu on. Zoning is a regulatory measure that can reduce (or raise) property values. Wherever lines are drawn on a map, disputes arise over fairness. This creates conflict between property rights and public benefit. - 24 out of 50 states have Agricultural Zoning
1 Source - Purdue University Coopera ve Extension Service- Agricultural Land Protec on in Indiana- h p://www.agcom. purdue.edu/AgCom/Pubs/menu.htm 1-888-EXT-INFO
AGRICULTURAL DISTRICTS Agricultural Districts are voluntary programs designa ng special areas for agricultural use only. In exchange for
enrollment in the program, farmers receive benefits that vary from state to state. Agricultural District programs offer a way for community and agriculture to cooperate in the protec on of agricultural lands. Farmers can take advantage of a package of benefits that may include tax incen ves, cost sharing for approved agricultural prac ces, etc. The community benefits through a rela vely low cost program that is completely voluntary, thus raising fewer fairness issues. On the downside, these programs are o en very easy to withdraw from and so do li le to permanently protect agricultural land. Finally, these programs most o en appeal to landowners whose land is probably not threatened by development anyway. Landowners normally will keep their land in an Agricultural District un l it becomes so valuable that the economic advantages of withdrawing outweigh the economic advantages of con nuing in the program. By 1997, 16 states had enacted Agricultural District laws. AGRICULTURAL TAX INCENTIVES Tax breaks are widely used throughout the U.S. to provide financial incen ves to farmers and owners of agricultural lands. Taxes paid on agricultural lands are assessed at a lower rate than the market value assessed on other land. Circuit breaker programs allow relief of property taxes that exceed a certain percentage of a farmer’s income. Other tax incen ve programs for agricultural landowners allow farmers to take credits against state income taxes for
investment in approved agricultural produc on prac ces. Property tax exemp ons for newly constructed or reconstructed farm structures and buildings are allowed in some states. These solu ons for protec ng agricultural lands usually lack enough incen ve for farmers to ini ate, or they are short lived. Land speculators could easily use these programs to benefit un l land becomes more valuable. RIGHTͳTOͳFARM LAWS Every state in the U.S. has enacted right-to-farm laws. These laws strengthen the legal posi on of farmers who are sued for private nuisance and protect farmers from an -nuisance ordinances and unreasonable controls on farm opera ons. Such laws provide farm families with a sense of security and reassurance that farming is a valued and accepted ac vity in their community. The disadvantage is that they do not offer many incen ves by themselves to keep agricultural lands from conversion to residen al or commercial development.
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CASE EXAMPLE 2 OREGON LAND USE ZONING PLANS1 xxii
Since 1973, Oregon has maintained a strong statewide program for land use planning with a set of established goals. Local governments do the planning and administer most of the land use regula ons and the state sets the standards for such planning. The resul ng mosaic of state-approved local comprehensive plans covers all of Oregon. LOCAL COMPREHENSIVE PLANS A local comprehensive plan guides a community’s land use, conserva on of natural resources, economic development, and public services. REVIEW OF LOCAL PLANS Because local comprehensive plans must be consistent with the statewide planning goals, plans are reviewed by the state’s Land Conserva on and Development Commission (LCDC) MAPPED REPRESENTATIONS The adjacent figure - Map 18 depicts LCDC’s summary classifica on of the zoning. As these zoning classifica ons are developed at the county and metropolitan levels, zoning classifica ons vary from county to county. All coun es have “exclusive farm use” (EFU) categories. Maps 19, 20, 21 and 22 depict finer subdivisions of the summary zoning categories shown on Map 18.
1 Source - Willame e River Basin Atlas 2nd Edi on - D. Richey J. Goicochea Duclos THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
CASE EXAMPLE 3 NM ESTABLISHED 1958 Area
160,000 hectares, 395,368 acres
Major
• There should be recrea on areas near great ci es
Objec ves/
• Produc ve agricultural land should not be surrendered to urban uses
Vision
• Water catchment areas and recrea on areas should not be given over to urban uses
Agricultural
• In the Randstad region, 80% of land is used for range of agricultural ac vi es including cul va ng under glass,
Features
bulb growing and large-scale arable farming • Also supports dairy farming • Contains peat meadows, low polders, dunes and flood plains
Natural Features
Highly scenic; Dykes, ditches, ponds; river landscapes, peat lands and drained lakes
Governance
Considered more of a planning concept than a legal en ty, the Fourth Report on Spa al Development in the Netherlands gave the Green Heart the status of ‘Na onal Landscape’ and a policy document was created to protect and promote the area’s openness and landscape iden ty The policy involves development of the landscape, development of nature and cultural values, and restric on of urban sprawl. Although strictly a planning policy, it is strongly supported by the Netherlands government The Green Heart Pla orm is responsible for implemen ng policy rela ng to the Green Heart. It is made up of representa ves of the four government ministries, the Randstad provinces, the four major ci es in the Randstad ring, other municipali es, water boards and interest groups
Greatest Threat
• Housing and development pressures on open spaces • Construc on of new roads and railway lines • Recrea onal space is in short supply • Struggle to protect agricultural land
Recent Ac vity
• Although the Green Heart con nues to be a na onal planning policy concept, local governments now have more discre on in deciding where to build and which restric ons to li • Netherlands government has iden fied the Green Heart as part of its response to climate change
Bo om Line
While the Green Heart remains in need of con nued protec on, be er condi ons have been created there and it is viewed as a significant and valuable part of the
source_ h p://dx.doi.org/10.4236/nr.2012.33015 Published Online September 2012 (h p://www.SciRP. org/journal/nr)
Randstad region, with its diverse func ons of agriculture, recrea on, and water and nature management
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CASE EXAMPLE 4 ONTARIO GREENBELT ESTABLISHED 2005 xxiv
Area
728,000 hectares, 1.8 million acres
Major
To safeguard the quality of life in the Golden Horseshoe in an cipa on of con nuing popula on growth and
Objec ves/
urbaniza on
Vision Agricultural
• Prime agricultural land
Features
• Specialty-crop land
Natural Features
Natural heritage – forests, wetlands, rivers, lakes, etc, Water-resource systems,
Indigenous species,
Ecosystems Governance
• Greenbelt Act, 2005 – gives the provincial Cabinet the authority to establish a Greenbelt Plan and to establish a Greenbelt Council to give advice to the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing • Both government and non-governmental bodies involved • Plan reviewed every ten years • Municipali es have role – must ensure decisions and official plans conform with the Greenbelt Plan
Greatest Threat
• Highways and secondary roads • Other Infrastructure • Aggregate extrac on
Recent Ac vity
• Ontario government has worked to prevent planned or proposed development in a number of sensi ve areas in the Greenbelt • Broad range of programs to support farming, tourism and recrea on introduced • Ontario government extended the environmental protec on in the Rouge River Watershed in Richmond Hill • Efforts underway to extend Greenbelt protec on to addi onal land in adjacent municipali es
Bo om Line
Very strong legal protec on rela ve to greenbelts studied and covers a large area – it measures 11 mes the size of the City of Toronto and is larger than Prince Edward Island Has had strong support from the public, the provincial government and municipali es, and many other stakeholders over its first five years of life Greenbelt has remained strong in its prominence and ability to be sustainable
THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
source_ Wri en and researched by the Canadian Ins tute for Environmental Law and Policy Maureen Carter-Whitney & Thomas C. Esakin
CASE EXAMPLE 5 COPENHAGEN FINGER PLAN ESTABLISHED 1947 Area
10,900 hectares, 26,923 acres
Major
Develop an urban region that would be well served by public transport, allow residents to have good access
Objec ves/
to green spaces close to here they live, and protect the open countryside from being lost to urban sprawl
Vision Agricultural
No specific protec on for agricultural landscapes, and farming has been in significant decline
Features Natural Features
Forests, lakes and coasts
Governance
• Copenhagen’s Finger Plan has legal status in Denmark’s Planning Act • The Finger Plan regulates urban development by requiring that the green wedges, the protected land interspersed between ‘fingers’ of urban development, are reserved for non-urban recrea onal use • Na onal government establishes the criteria used to divide the Greater Copenhagen area for planning purposes, and defines the overall principles for planning • Municipali es have responsibility for regula ng land use in their towns and countryside, and planning to protect natural areas. Municipal plans set out a development strategy to provide a framework for more detailed local planning • Plans for urban development must consider opportuni es to strengthen public transport
Greatest Threat
• Opposi on to protec ons in the Finger Plan comes from municipali es that border the green wedges and are limited in their ability to develop those greenfields • Municipali es outside of the finger town that have large amounts of agricultural land may wish to expand their urban developments into those areas
Recent Ac vity
• The Finger Plan 2007 is the current na onal planning direc ve for Greater Copenhagen • 2007 changes to Denmark’s Planning Act gave the Finger Plan legal authority and abolished the regional authority that had existed, transferring planning powers to the municipali es in the Copenhagen Region
Bo om Line
• There con nues to be pressure for urban development such as new residen al areas throughout Greater Copenhagen, including open areas in the urban fringe, but proper implementa on of the Finger Plan should ensure that development is located in the exis ng finger zones
Source: Spa al Planning in Denmark by the Ministry of the Environment, Denmark, 2007.
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CASE EXAMPLE 6 PORTLAND METRO URBAN GROWTH BOUNDARY ESTABLISHED 1979 xxvi
Area
102,953 hectares, 254,403 acres
Major
To protect farms and forests from urban sprawl and to promote the efficient use of land, public facili es and
Objec ves/
services inside the boundary as well as to promote development and re-development of buildings and
Vision
land in the urban core to help the downtown thrive economically
Agricultural
•
Features
• Fer le agricultural land and forests; crops include nuts, berries, hops, wine grapes, mint, grass seed and nursery
Shares similar values with Ontario and landscape plants
Natural Features
Parks and forests, Hiking trails
Governance
• The Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) was put in place as part of Oregon’s statewide land use planning program implemented through Senate Bill 100 in May 1973 • A erwards, a number of ini a ves were undertaken to weaken the Bill but they were defeated and the UGB was established in 1979 • UGB reviewed every five years • State and local governments work together - state lays out framework for protec on and local governments are required to make planning decisions within that framework • Non-governmental organiza ons have a role, including the Audubon Society of Portland and 1000 Friends of Oregon
Greatest Threat
• Development pressures despite a desire to combat urban sprawl and encourage sustainable transporta on • Struggle to protect agricultural land
Recent Ac vity
Source_h p://courses.umass.edu/greenurb/2006/amerolli/UGB.jpg
• In September 2009, the Metro government completed the most recent capacity analysis, which indicated that it may be necessary to add a small amount of land to the UGB so it has enough capacity for growth • The capacity analysis report recommends that the Portland region manage the UGB in a manner that protects farm and forest lands, supports a strong economy, and maintains strong communi es • Local governments in the Portland region have developed programs to promote a regional food economy
Bo om Line
• Need to ensure adequate land for urban growth must be balanced against protec ng natural and agricultural lands
Source_h p://courses.umass.edu/greenurb/2006/amerolli/2040.jpg THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
CASE EXAMPLE 7 SÃO PAULO CITY GREEN BELT BIOSPHERE RESERVE ESTABLISHED 1994 Area
1,760,311 hectares, 4,347,968 acres in total [UNESCO Biosphere Reserve includes the urban area. Area of the Green Belt minus urban area is 1,540,032 hectares, 3,803,879 acres]
Major
• Crea on of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve to protect natural heritage and environmentally sensi ve lands
Objec ves/
• Preserva on of biodiversity
Vision
• Build public awareness about the significance and vulnerability of the ecosystem services in the Green Belt
Agricultural
Organic produc on and agriculture in peri-urban areas
Features Natural Features
• Ecosystem contains tropical rain forest, 20 species of monkeys, fungi and many species of parrots and other birds • Types of vegeta on other than forest are natural fields, shoal and mangrove
Governance
• The São Paulo City Green Belt Biosphere Reserve was established through UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere program • A number of documents govern the GBBR, including: a Management System; a State of São Paulo Bylaw that provides rules and procedures for the green belt and related agencies; and a GBBR Ac on Plan that guides ac vi es in the Green Belt • A Management Council has been established to create policies for the GBBR. The Forest Ins tute develops programs to implement them
Source_ h p://www.fauser.com.br/ihhf/imagens/rbcvcsp.jpg
Greatest Threat
• Urban growth and real estate specula on due to rapid urban growth
Recent Ac vity
• Farmers in the Green Belt have formed organiza ons to cer fy organic food and built rela onships with restaurants in the city • The Youth Eco-job Training Program provides eco-job training in sustainable agriculture and tourism • The Forest Ins tute has ini ated programs that address environmental protec on, including a voluntary carbon neutraliza on market to support reforesta on
Bo om Line
• As a major city in one of the primary BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, China) emerging economies, São Paulo faces more complex challenges and greater social inequi es than the other greenbelts studied here • Programs in the Green Belt have sought to address the landscape transforma on caused by urban sprawl with programs that encourage the conserva on of vital natural features and ecological services, as well as cultural heritage and agricultural resources
xxvii
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THE NEW CAPITAL REGION OF ANDHRA PRADESH I THE CAPITAL REGION PLAN REPORT
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