01 3 Taller Fundamentos de Si

 

Ymkudlcdlapd Ymetns Lùpdz

Zrn`rmkmiaùe hd Ynctwmrd

CAIFM2 ??34=96

9.9.= Mitavahmh hd Mprdehazmbd :=^92 MEMLARM_ LMY EDIDYAHMHDY HD YAYXDKMXARMIAÙE HD LM N_@MEARMIAÙE Mitavahmh =2 Mplaimr lns ineidptns hd sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe. Zmrm lms sa`uadetds mitavahmhds, sd rdquadrde lns sa`uadetds kmtdramlds y dldkdetns hd trmombn, hdode rdmlazmrsd sd`òe lms aehaimianeds hdl aestruitnr de cnrkm aehavahuml n `rupml. =. Yd rdquadrde lns sa`uadetds dldkdetns pmrm dl hdsmrrnlln hd lm mitavahmh2 • Inkputmhnr  • Ineditavahmh m aetdredt ?. Hd cnrkm aehavahuml vasumlaid dl hniukdetn “:=^9^Cuehmkdetns^YA.phc‛ qud sd deiudetrm de dl kmtdraml hd mpnyn hd dstm `uëm. Yaetdtaid lms rdspudstms hd lms sa`uadetds  prd`uetms m trmvás ue kmpm ineidptuml2 ineidp tuml2 • ¾]uá ds ue sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe> • ¾Iuíl ds dl nobdtavn hd ue sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe> • ¾Iùkn ds lm dstruiturm hd ue sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe> • ¾]uá dldkdetns inkpnede ue sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe> • ¾Iuílds sne lms mitavahmhds oísaims hd ue sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe> • ¾]uá ilmsds hd sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe dxastde> • ¾Iùkn sd ilmsacaime lns sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe> Hdsmrrnlln

 

=. ¾]uá ¾]uá ds ue sas sastdk tdkm m hd aecn aecnrkm rkmiaù iaùe> e>

_tm/ Te sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe ds ue inebuetn hd hmtns qud aetdrmitòme detrd së ine ue cae inkòe. De aecnrkítaim, lns sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe myuhme m mhkaeastrmr, rdinlditmr, rdiupdrmr, prnidsmr, mlkmidemr y hastraouar aecnrkmiaùe rdldvmetd pmrm lns prnidsns cuehmkdetmlds y lms pmrtaiulmrahmhds hd imhm nr`meazmiaùe. Lm akpnrtmeiam hd ue sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe rmhaim de lm dcaiadeiam de lm inrrdlmiaùe hd uem `rme imetahmh hd hmtns ae`rdsmhns m trmvás hd prnidsns hasdýmhns pmrm imhm írdm ine dl nobdtavn hd prnhuiar aecnrkmiaùe vílahm pmrm lm pnstdranr tnkm hd hdiasaneds.

?. ¾Iuíl ds dl dl nobdtavn nobdtavn hd ue sastdkm sastdkm hd hd aecnrkmia aecnrkmiaùe> ùe>

_tm/ Te sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe taded inkn praeiapml nobdtavn lm `dstaùe, y mhkaeastrmiaùe hd lns hmtns d aecnrkmiaùe qud ln inkpnede. Ln akpnrtmetd ds pnhdr rdiupdrmr sadkprd dsns hmtns, y qud mhdkís sd tde`m ue cíial miidsn m dllns ine tntml sd`urahmh.

9. ¾Iùkn ds lm lm dstruiturm dstruiturm hd ue sastdkm sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe aecnrkmiaùe> >

_tm/ 

Fmrhwmrd

Xnhns lns inkpnedetds cësains hd ue sastdkm aecnrkítain inkpnede dl fmrhwmrd hdl dquapn. Lns inkpnedetds kís akpnrtmetds aeiluyde lm ueahmh idetrml hd prnidsmkadetn, hd detrmhm / smlahm, lms ueahmhds hd mlkmidemkadetn y haspnsatavns hd inkueaimiaùe. Lm inkueaimiaùe pudhd sdr m trmvás hd imolds hd caorm ùptaim n rdhds aemlíkoraims. 

Ynctwmrd

Dl snctwmrd prnpnrianem dl aetdrcmz detrd lns usumrans y dl sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe. Dl snctwmrd sd pudhd havahar de hns tapns `deárains2 snctwmrd hd sastdkm y mplaimianeds. Dl snctwmrd hdl sastdkmLms inkprdehd dl sastdkm prn`rmkms hd utalahmh y prn`rmkms  prnpùsatn dspdiaml. mplaimianeds sd hdsmrrnllme hdsmrnpdrmtavn, rnllme pmrm rdmlazmr uem tmrdm dspdiëcaim. Zmrmhd lns usumrans hd KAY ds kuifn kís akpnrtmetd pmrm detdehdr dl snctwmrd qud dl fmrhwmrd. Kmetdeakadetn hd snctwmrd pudhd tnkmr 4: m 0: pnr iadetn hd tnhm lm mitavahmh pdrsneml de su cueiaùe. Iumehn lm nr`meazmiaùe sd kudvd m akpldkdetmr ue sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe mvmezmhn hdl detnren hd fmrhwmrd y snctwmrd sd vudlvd kís inkpldbn. 

Omsd hd hmtns

Tem omsd hd hmtns ds uem inldiiaùe inetrnl idetrmlazmhn hd lns hmtns nr`meazmhns. Inetrnl idetrml rdhuid lm rdhuehmeiam y lm huplaimiaùe hd hmtns. Lns hmtns sd mlkmideme hd cnrkm nr`meazmhm y dstruiturmhm pmrm cmialatmr dl aetdrimkoan y kdbnrmr lm haspneaoalahmh hd lms  pdrsnems qud ln edidsatme. Lm omsd oms d hd hmtns kdbnrm lm dcaiadeiam hd mlkmidemkadetn kdhametd lm dlakaemiaùe hd mrifavns rdhuehmetds y kdbnrm lm dcaiadeiam hd prnidsmkadetn,

 

 prnpnrianemehn tnhns lns hmtns edidsmrans edids mrans de ue òeain mrifavn de lu`mr hd caifdrns sdpmrmhns. Dstn tmkoaáe kdbnrm lm dcaiadeiam hd rdiupdrmiaùe hd aecnrkmiaùe. 

Zrnidhakadetns

Fmy trds tapns hd prnidhakadetns sne edidsmrans pmrm ue Yastdkm hd Aecnrkmiaùe Mhkaeastrmtavm pmrm npdrmr ine dcaimiam2 aestruiianeds hd usn, lms aestruiianeds pmrm lm  prdpmrmiaùe hd aesukns y hd sdrvaian s drvaian pmrm dl pdrsneml qud kmetadede dstd sastdkm. Zdrsneml 

Dl pdrsneml hd lm cueiaùe Yastdkm hd Aecnrkmiaùe Mhkaeastrmtavn aeiluyde npdrmhnrds aecnrkítains, prn`rmkmhnrds, memlastms hd sastdkms y mhkaeastrmhnrds. Edidsahmhds hd rdiursns fukmens hdod dvmlumrsd tdeadehn de iudetm tmetn lms edidsahmhds hd lns sastdkms mitumlds y dl irdiakadetn cuturn sastdkm. Lm imlahmh hdl pdrsneml hd KAY ds ue cmitnr ilmvd de su dcaimiam. Te mhkaeastrmhnr hd KAY edidsatm uem inkoaemiaùe hd fmoalahmhds tmetn hd `dstaùe y táieain.

8.  ¾]uá dldkdetns inkpnede ue sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe>

 

_tm/ Zmrm pnhdr fmolmr hd sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe ds prdiasn rduear sdas inkpnedetds, qud hdode sdr impmz hd aetd`rmrsd pmrm trmombmr hd kmedrm inebuetm2



Fmrhwmrd2 sd trmtm hd lm tdienln`ëm hd mlkmidemkadetn, inkueaimianeds, detrmhms y smlahms hd hmtns.



 





Ynctwmrd2 sney lns prn`rmkms hdstaemhns m rdin`dr lnspmrm hmtns, mlkmidemrlns,  prnidsmrlns memlazmrlns, `dedrmeh `dedrmehn n ineniakadetn dl usumran caeml. Hmtns22 sne lms pnrianeds hd aecnrkmiaùe hnehd rdsahd tnhn dl vmlnr. Hmtns Zrnidhakadetns2 sne lms pnlëtaims y rd`lms hd ed`nian mplaimolds m lns prnidsns hd lm nr`meazmiaùe. Tsumrans2 dllns sne quadeds sd aetdrmitòme ine lm aecnrkmiaùe dxtrmëhm hd lns hmtns hmtns,, inestatuydehn dl inkpnedetd hdiasavn pmrm dl áxatn n dl crmimsn hd iumlquadr aeaiamtavm dkprdsmraml. _dtrnmlakdetmiaùe2 ds dl dldkdetn ilmvd hd iumlquadr sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe ml sdr lm omsd pmrm lm kdbnrm inetaeum.

4. ¾Iuílds ¾Iuílds sne lms lms mitavahmhds mitavahmhds oísaims oísaims hd ue sastd sastdkm km hd aecnrkmi aecnrkmiaùe> aùe>

_tm/ Te Yastdkm hd Aecnrkmiaùe rdmlazm iumtrn mitavahmhds oísaims2 







Detrmhm hd aecnrkmiaùe2 prnidsn de dl iuml dl sastdkm tnkm lns hmtns qud rdquadrd. Mlkmidemkadetn hd aecnrkmiaùe2 puhd fmidrsd pnr inkputmhnrm n mrifavns cësains pmrm inesdrvmr lm aecnrkmiaùe. Zrnidsmkadetn hd lm aecnrkmiaùe2 pdrkatd lm trmescnrkmiaùe hd lns hmtns cudetd de aecnrkmiaùe qud pudhd sdr utalazmhm pmrm lm tnkm hd hdiasaneds Ymla Ym lahm hm hd ae aecn cnrk rkmi miaù aùe2 e2 ds lm im impm pmia iahm hmhh hd hdll sa sast stdk dkmm pm pmrm rm pr prnh nhui uiar ar lm aecnrkmiaùe prnidsmhm n smimr lns hmtns hd detrmhm ml dxtdranr.

3. ¾]uá ¾]uá ilmsds ilmsds hd sastdk sastdkms ms hd aecnrk aecnrkmia miaùe ùe dxas dxastde tde> >

_tm/ Lns tapns hd sastdkms hd lm aecnrkmiaùe kís pnpulmrds pudhde ilmsacaimrsd hd lm sa`uadetd cnrkm2 Yastdkms hd prnidsmkadetn hd trmesmiianeds Lns sastdkms hd prnidsmkadetn hd trmesmiianeds (XZY pnr sus sa`lms de ae`lás) sne lns sastdkms dkprdsmramlds oísains qud sarvde ml eavdl npdrmianeml hd lm nr`meazmiaùe. Te sastdkm hd prnidsmkadetn hd trmesmiianeds ds ue sastdkm inkputmrazmhn qud rdmlazm y rd`astrm lms trmesmiianeds rutaemrams hamrams edidsmrams pmrm dl cueianemkadetn hd lm dkprdsm. Yd deiudetrme de dl eavdl kís ombn hd lm bdrmrquëm nr`meazmianeml y snpnrtme lms mitavahmhds intahamems hdl ed`nian. 

 

Yastdkms hd inetrnl hd prnidsns hd ed`nian Lns sastdkms hd inetrnl hd prnidsns hd ed`nian (OZK pnr sus sa`lms de ae`lás) kneatnrazme y inetrnlme lns prnidsns aehustramlds n cësains, inkn pudhd sdr lm rdcaemiaùe hd pdtrùldn, `dedrmiaùe hd dedr`ëm n lns sastdkms hd prnhuiiaùe hd midrn de uem plmetm sahdròr`aim. Znr dbdkpln, de uem rdcaedrëm hd pdtrùldn sd utalazme sdesnrds dlditrùeains ineditmhns m nrhdemhnrds pmrm kneatnrazmr prnidsns quëkains inetaeumkdetd y fmidr mbustds de tadkpn rdml qud inetrnlme dl prnidsn hd rdcaemiaùe. Te sastdkm hd inetrnl hd prnidsns inkprdehd tnhm uem `mkm hd dquapns, prn`rmkms hd nrhdemhnr y prnidhakadetns hd npdrmiaùe. 

Yastdkms hd inlmonrmiaùe dkprdsmraml Lns sastdkms hd inlmonrmiaùe dkprdsmraml (D_Z pnr sus sa`lms de ae`lás) sne uen hd lns tapns hd sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe kís utalazmhns. Myuhme m lns harditavns hd uem dkprdsm m inetrnlmr dl clubn hd aecnrkmiaùe de sus nr`meazmianeds. Yd trmtm hd uen hd lns tapns hd sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe qud en sne dspdiëcains hd ue eavdl ineirdtn de lm nr`meazmiaùe, saen qud prnpnrianeme ue snpnrtd akpnrtmetd pmrm uem mkplam `mkm hd usumrans. Dstns sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe dstíe hasdýmhns pmrm snpnrtmr tmrdms hd ncaiaem inkn sastdkms kultakdham, inrrdns dlditrùeains, vahdninecdrdeiams y trmescdrdeiams hd mrifavns. 

Yastdkms hd Aecnrkmiaùe hd @dstaùe Lns sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe hd `dstaùe (KAY pnr sus sa`lms de ae`lás) sne ue tapn hd sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe qud rdinpalme y prnidsme aecnrkmiaùe hd hacdrdetds cudetds pmrm myuhmr de lm tnkm hd hdiasaneds de ln rdcdrdetd m lm `dstaùe hd lm nr`meazmiaùe. Lns sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe hd `dstaùe prnpnrianeme aecnrkmiaùe de cnrkm hd aecnrkds y dstmhëstaims. Dl sa`uadetd eavdl de lm bdrmrquëm nr`meazmianeml dstí niupmhn pnr `drdetds y supdrvasnrds hd ombn eavdl. Dstd eavdl inetaded lns sastdkms aecnrkítains qud dstíe hdstaemhns m myuhmr m lm `dstaùe npdrmtavm de lm supdrvasaùe y inetrnl hd lms mitavahmhds hd  prnidsmkadetn hd trmesmiianeds qud sd s d prnhuide m eavdl mhkaeastrmtavn. Lns sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe hd `dstaùe utalazme lns hmtns rdin`ahns pnr dl XZY pmrm  prnpnrianemr m lns supdrvasnrds supdrvasn rds lns aecnrkds hd inetrnl edidsmrans. Lns sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe hd `dstaùe sne lns tapns hd sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe qud tnkme lns hmtns 

aetdrens sastdkm y lns rdsukde de cnrkmtns òtalds inkn hd `dstaùe pmrm utalazmrlnshdlinkn mpnyn m lms mitavahmhds hd `dstaùe y lm tnkmaecnrkds hd hdiasaneds. Yastdkms hd mpnyn m lm tnkm hd hdiasaneds Te sastdkm hd mpnyn m lm tnkm hd hdiasaneds n hd snpnrtd m lm hdiasaùe (HYY pnr sus sa`lms de ae`lás) ds ue sastdkm omsmhn de nrhdemhnrds hdstaemhn m sdr utalazmhn pnr ue `drdetd  pmrtaiulmr n pnr ue `rupn hd `drdetds `dr detds m iumlquadr eavdl nr`meazmianeml pmrm tnkmr uem ue m hdiasaùe de dl prnidsn hd rdsnlvdr uem prnoldkítaim sdkadstruiturmhm. Lns sastdkms hd mpnyn m lm tnkm hd hdiasaneds sne ue tapn hd sastdkm inkputmrazmhn hd aecnrkmiaùe nr`meazmianeml qud myuhm ml `drdetd de lm tnkm hd hdiasaneds iumehn edidsatm knhdlmr, cnrkulmr, imliulmr, inkpmrmr, sdldiianemr lm kdbnr npiaùe n prdhdiar lns dsidemrans. Lns sastdkms hd mpnyn m lm tnkm hd hdiasaneds dstíe dspdiëcaimkdetd hasdýmhns pmrm myuhmr  ml dquapn harditavn m tnkmr hdiasaneds de satumianeds de lms qud dxastd aeidrtahukord snord 

 

lns pnsaolds rdsultmhns n inesdiudeiams. Myuhm m lns `drdetds m tnkmr hdiasaneds inkpldbms. Yastdkms hd Aecnrkmiaùe Dbdiutavm Lns sastdkms hd aecnrkmiaùe dbdiutavm (DAY pnr sus sa`lms de ae`lás) prnpnrianeme ue miidsn rípahn m lm aecnrkmiaùe aetdrem y dxtdrem, prdsdetmhm m kdeuhn de cnrkmtn `rícain,  pdrn ine lm impmiahmh hd prdsdetmr prds detmr hmtns oísains kís hdtmllmhns sa ds edidsmran. Lns sastdkms aecnrkmiaùe dbdiutavm prnpnrianeme aecnrkmiaùe irëtaim hd uem mkplam vmradhmh hd cudetds aetdrems y dxtdrems de cnrkmtns cíialds hd usmr pmrm dbdiutavns y `drdetds. Te sastdkm hd aecnrkmiaùe dbdiutavm prnpnrianem m lns mltns harditavns ue sastdkm pmrm myuhmr m tnkmr hdiasaneds dstrmtá`aims. Dstí hasdýmhn pmrm `dedrmr aecnrkmiaùe qud sdm ln sucaiadetdkdetd mostrmitm inkn pmrm prdsdetmr tnhm lm npdrmiaùe hd lm dkprdsm de uem vdrsaùe sakplacaimhm pmrm smtascmidr m lm mltm hardiiaùe. 

0. ¾Iùkn sd ilmsac ilmsacaime aime lns sastdkms sastdkms hd aecnrkm aecnrkmiaùe> iaùe>

_tm/