00gestión de Almacenes y Control de Inventarios - Presentación
September 20, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Gursm:
@lstc÷k Gmktrmabl blFaofglkls Ckvlktfrcmsy Ckstrugtmr: Ck`. Fu`ustm Dlrkækblz Erfkgm 4 y 3 bl Ju Jukcm kcm bl >864
Gmktlkcbm
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Gursm: @lstc÷k @lstc÷k bl Faofglkls y Gmktrma bl Ckvlktfrcms
Ctcklrfrcm y ^l`afs Næscgfs s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Xlrofklkgcf
Xlbcr af pfafnrf alvfktfkbm af ofkm
Kmonrl y Xulstm ‗ Lxplrclkgcf Lxplgtftcvfs bla Gursm
Glauafr lk vcnrfbmr
^lealxc÷k
^LWXLRM
Vul ol `ustf dfglr
^lglsms
Cktrmbuggc÷k s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
6.La ofkljm bl ckvlktfrcms ls uk fsuktm bl vctfa copmrtfkgcf pfrf gfsc gufaquclr tcpm bl kl`mgcms, yf slf qul lstãk mrclktfbms f af prmbuggc÷k m f ams slrvcgcms. >.Ams lkgfr`fbms fbockcstrftcvms bla kl`mgcm, smk ams rlspmksfnals bla gmktrma bl gmstms bl mplrfgc÷k y ams gmstms qul oæs als prlmgupfk smk fqulaams rlafgcmkfbms gmk la fnfstlgcoclktm bl oftlrcfs prcofs y bl prmbugtms tlrockfbms (ckvlktfrcms). 7.La gmktrma bl ckvlktfrcms tclkl gmom mnjltcvm eckfa ckgrlolktfr y mptcoczfr afs oær`lkls bl utcacbfb f trfvãs bl ukf nulkf fbockcstrfgc÷k bl ams ocsoms, y qul gulstf tlklr, trfkspmrtfr y bcstrcnucr ams prmbugtms. Wl oulstrfk ams tcpms bl gmstms, blofkbf ckblplkbclktl, tcpms bl ckvlktfrcms fsï gmom bltlrockfgc÷k bl ams ckvlktfrcms bl sl`urcbfb, oïkcom y oæxcom y laafX\KRM . BL ^LM^BLK
Mnjltcvms s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
66
^lalvfr af copmrtfkgcf bl af eukgc÷k bl faofglkfjl y su cktlrrlafgc÷k gmk afs bloæs ærlfs bl af loprlsf, mptcoczfkbm afs eukgcmkls bl rlglpgc÷k y blspfgdm.
>>
Xrmpmrgcmkfr afs dlrrfoclktfs bl `lstc÷k klglsfrcfs pfrf af gmkslrvfgc÷k y prmtlggc÷k bla ckvlktfrcm qul sl blpmsctl lk la faofgãk, bltlrockfkbm la amtl lgmk÷ocgm, ams puktms bl rlpmscgc÷k, gfktcbfb f plbcr y ams stmgis bl sl`urcbfb.
77
Mptcoczfr af rmtfgc÷k bl ams ckvlktfrcms lk af loprlsf y mtrfs olbcbfs bl rlktfncacbfb.
Gmktlkcbm Rloætcgm s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
C. Ofkljm bl faofglkls. 6. La prc prckg kgcp cpcm cm bbla la fao faofg fglk lkfo focl clkt ktm. m. >. Gafsls Gafsls,, eefsl fslss y mpl mplrfg rfgc÷k c÷k bl fao faofgl fglkls kls.. 7. Eukg Eukgcm cmkl klss bl am amss ffao aofg fglk lkls ls.. 2. Bcstrc Bcstrcnug nugc÷k c÷k y afy afy ‗ mu mutt pr prmbu mbugtc gtcvm vm bla bla ffaof aofgãk gãk.. CC. POW ‗ Xrckgcpcms Xrckgcpcms bl fbo fbockcs ckcstrfgc trfgc÷k ÷k y scstl scstlofs ofs bl bl fboc fbockcstr kcstrfgc÷ fgc÷k k bl faofglkls ‗ prmglbcoclktms næscgms bla faofglkfoclktm. 6. Rrfks rfksel elrl rlkg kgcf cfss bl lk lktr trfb fbff y sfa sfacb cbf. f. >. Ofkl Ofkljm jm bl blaa llsp spfg fgcm cm lk la faof faofgã gãk. k. 7. G÷bc` G÷bc`ms ms bbll un uncg cgfg fgc÷ c÷kk lk am amss fa faof ofgl glkl kls. s. 2. Gafs Gafsce cecg cgfg fgc÷ c÷kk FN FNG G lk am amss fa faof ofgl glkl kls. s. . ½Vuã ½Vuã smk smk ams ams ckvl ckvlkt ktfr frcm cms= s=.. 7. Wïktmo Wïktmofs fs bl uk scstl scstlof of bl `lstc÷k `lstc÷k blecg blecgclk clktl. tl. 2. Gmstms Gmstms bl ams ckvlktf ckvlktfrcm rcms. s. CU.. Bltlrockf CU Bltlrockfgc÷k gc÷k bla bla quã, quã, guæktm guæktm y guækbm guækbm mrblkf mrblkfrr. 6. Ufrcfna frcfnals ls qul bltlrockfk bltlrockfk la la tfoföm tfoföm bla ckvlktfr ckvlktfrcm. cm. >. ^mtfg ^mtfgc÷k c÷k bl bl ckvlk ckvlktf tfrc rcms ms.. 7. Ckvlkt Ckvlktfrc frcmm vs kcvla kcvla bl slrvcg slrvcgcm. cm. 2. Xuktm Xuktm bl bl rlpm rlpmscg scgc÷k c÷k m rlmrb rlmrblk. lk. . ^ltm ^ltmss pf pfrf rf aaff `l `lst stc÷ c÷kk bl cckv kvlk lktf tfrc rcms ms.. 7. Omblams BL GCGAM, BL WL@\^CBFB, BL X^LUCWC×K S LK R^ÆKWCRM. 2. ORW vs ORM.
UC. Gaf afsscecgf cgfgc÷k c÷k FNG. 6. Fkæacs Fkæacscs cs y gafsc gafscecg ecgfgc fgc÷k ÷k FNG. FNG. >. Wl`olk Wl`olktfg tfgc÷k c÷k bla bla fkæac fkæacscs scs FNG. FNG. UCC.. Gfktcb UCC Gfktcbfb fb Lgmk÷ Lgmk÷ocg ocgff bl Xlbc Xlbcbm bm (LMV (LMV)) 6. Xuktm Xuktm bl rlmrb rlmrblk lk y vmauol vmauolkk ÷ptcom ÷ptcom bl pplbc lbcbm. bm.
Ofkljm bl Faofgl Faofglkls kls s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
La Faofglkfoclktm s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
\k prmbugtm ls vfacmsm pfrf la gaclktl pmrqul tclkl bms gfrfgtlrïstcgfs:
6. \tcacbfb.- Bcslöm, lstrugturf qul plroctl qul la pr prmbugtm mbugtm guopaf su mnjltcvm.
>. Bcs Bcspmkc pmkcnc ncac acbf bfb. b.-- Am qul dfgl qul la prm prmbugtm bugtm lstã bmkbl y gufkbm sl al klglsctl.
\tcacbfb --------- Fvfkgls Rlgkma÷`cgms Bcspmkcncacbfb ---- Am`ïstcgf ---- Faofglkls
½Xmrquã ½Xmr quã smk klglsfrcms ams Faofglk Faofglkls= ls= s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
E\KGCMKLW @LKL^FALW BLA FAOFGÃK Gmktrma bl ams oftlrcfals Xrm`rfofgc÷k bl ams oftlrcfals pfrf :
Xrmbuggc÷k Gmoprfs Blspfgdms (bltlrockfkbm km smam af gfktcbfb sckm tfoncãk af mpmrtukcbfb) Eulktl bl ckemrofgc÷k pfrf gmoprfs Faofglkfoclktm bl ams oftlrcfals
½Xmrquã ½Xmr quã smk klglsfrcms ams Faofglk Faofglkls= ls= s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
E\KGCMKLW LWXLGÏECGFW BLA FAOFGÃK Ockcoczfr gmstms mplrftcvms Ockcoczfr af ckvlrsc÷k Ockcoczfr ckvlktfrcms Ockcoczfr tclopms bl slrvcgcms Ockcoczfr af vfrclbfb bl ofrgfs y omblams Ofxcoczfr la gmktrma bl ams oftlrcfals Ofxcoczfr af ealxcncacbfb Mptcoczfr ams gmktlms gïgacgms
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Xrckgcpcms bla Faofglkfjl Faofglkfjl 6. Gmmrbckfgc÷k. >. Lqucacnrcm. 7. Ockc Ockcoc oczf zfrr aams ms lspf lspfgc gcms ms,, ams ams omv omvco cocl clkt ktms ms y rlgmrrcbms, ams rcls`ms. 2.
Ealxcncacbfb.
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Mnjltcvms bl uk Faofgãk
6. Xlroct Xlroctcr cr f af af loprls loprlsf, f, tlklr tlklr bcsp bcspmkc mkcnal nalss y bl uukf kf ofklr ofklrff gmkstf gmkstfktl ktl,, ams rlgursms klglsfrcms pfrf aalvfr f gfnm sus fgtcvcbfbls kmrofaolktl y fgtufr gmk lecgfgcf. >. Lstfnal Lstfnalglr glr oãtmbm oãtmbmss y prmg prmglbco lbcoclk clktms tms olbcfkt olbcfktll ams ams gufal gufals, s, af loprlsf km lxglbf kc fguoual `rfkbls vmaúolkls bl lxcstlkgcfs.
Gcgam bl Faofglkf Faofglkfoclktm oclktm s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a
^LGLXGC×K
BCWXMWCGC×K ECKFA
FAOFGLKFOCLKRM
L
GMKR^MA BL WRMGIW
LKR^L@F
Rrfksfggcmkls bl Lktrfbf y Wfacbf s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
CK@^LWM BL X^MB\GRMW
WFACBF BL X^MB\GRMW
CK@^LWM CK@^LWM FAOFGLK •
@uïf bl ^locsc÷k
•
Ifrblx
•
•
WFACBF WFACBF FAOFGLK
FAOFGLK
Mrblk bl Gmoprf •
XLGMWF : Xlbcbm bl gmoprmnfktl bl sfacbf
•
Kmtf bl Xlbcbm
•
Xrlpfrfgc÷k bl Xlbcbms Nckgfrb
•
Mrblk bl Lktrl`f XLGMWF
Gafsls bl Faofg Faofglkls lkls s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Kfturfalzf bl ams Frtïguams Faofglkfbms
Oftlrcfs prcofs Wloclafnmrfbms Xrmbugtms tlrockfbms (XR) Xclzfs bl rlgfoncm Oftlrcfals fuxcacfrls
Eukgc÷k lk af Am`ïstcgf
Glktrfals Rræksctm Bl zmkf
^ã`colk Jurïbcgm
Xrmpcm Faqucalr
Rãgkcgfs bl Ofkcpuafgc÷k
Gmkvlkgcmkfa Futmoftczfbm
Efsls bla Faofglkfjl Faofglkfjl s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a
^lglpgc÷k
Blsgfr`fr Gmoprmnfr Cblktcecgfr Bfr bl fatf
\ncgfr Ofkcpuafr Gmkslrvfr
Faofglkfoclktm
L
Lxplbcgc÷k
Wlalggcmkfr Lkvfsfr, ltcqultfr, lonfafr Lal`cr olbcm trfkspmrtl Bfr bl nfjf
Mplrfgcmkls bla Faofgãk s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a
Blsgfr`f
Gmktrma y Ofkcpuafgc÷k
^lglpgc÷k
Faofglkfjl ^ltcrm Xcgick` / Xrlpfrfgc÷k bl plbcbms
L
Lonfafjl y Ltcqultfbm Gmksmacbfgc÷k Blspfgdm
Gfr`f
Xrlpfrfgc÷k blspfgdms
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Bcstrcnugc÷k bl ams Faofglkls ‗ Afy Mut 6 > Oulaal bl Gfr`f
0 2
<
5 Oulaal bl Gfr`f
7 6. >. 7. 2. 8% bl ams frtïguams
Gafscecgfgc÷k N
^lprlslktf la 68% ‑lslkgcfa‟ smk lablgmkjuktm bl tfrlfs qul, `lklrfaolktl, la 48% bla tclopm y bl ams rlgursms. La fkæacscs FNG ls mtrf emrof bl gftl`mrczfr `rfk gfktcbfb bl bftms, f`rupækbmams pmr copmrtfkgcf m prcmrcbfb. Fsï, lk af gftl`mrïf F lktrfræk ams bl oæs fatf prcmrcbfb, lk af N ams bl prcmrcbfb cktlrolbcf y lk lk af G ams bl olkmr copmrtfkgcf. copmrtfkgcf.
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Fpacgfgcmkls Xrægtcgfs bla Fpacgfgcmkls Fkæacscs FNG Gmktlms gïgacgms Xmaïtcgfs bl rlmrblkfoclktm Kcvlals bl lxcstlkgcf bl sl`urcbfb Ofkljm eïscgm bl oftlrcfals Kl`mgcfgcmkls y lvfaufgcmkls bl prmvllbmrls Wl`ucoclktm bl mrblkls
@lstc÷k Omblrkf bl Ckvlktfrcms s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Mnjltcvm s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Am`rfr bcsockucr afs pãrbcbfs lk uk faofgãk, fpacgfkbm, bl ofklrf lecgfz, prckgcpcms y tãgkcgfs bl gmktrma bl ckvlktfrcms, f trfvãs bl ukf fblgufbf pafklfgc÷k, mr`fkczfgc÷k y lvfaufgc÷k bl ams ocsoms, fsï gmom ofktlklr fa oïkcom afs ckvlrscmkls lk ckvlktfrcms y guopacr gmk ams rlqulrcoclktms bl prmbuggc÷k y blofkbf bla olrgfbm.
Gmkglptms Næscgms s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a
½V\Ã LW LA CKULKRF^CM Wmk gfktcbfbls qulcktrf sl blspacl`fk f= am afr`m bla gmopaljm scstlofblblrlgursms rlafgcmkls l cktlrloprlsf (gfblkf
L
ckglrtcbuonrl fsmgcfbfs f af mplrfgc÷k, `frfktczfkbm af oæxcof sftcsefggc÷k bla gaclktl.
am`ïstcgf) pfrf plroctcr su mplrfgc÷k lgmk÷ocgf y eaucbf, f af vlz qul pfrf fnsmrnlr la copfgtm bl af vfrcfncacbfb l
Ckvlktfrcm s
Fgtcvm
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Gufkbm af loprlsf ofkljf sus prmglsms pr mglsms bl blecgclktl sl rlealjf lk ofklrf af fguouafgc÷k bl ckvlktfrcm
Wïktmofs bl uk Wcstlof bl @lstc÷k Blecgclktl
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a
Ckgrlolktm bl plbcbms plkbclktls pmr surtcr.
Ckgrlolktm bl af ckvlrsc÷k lk stmgi. Fatf rmtfgc÷k bl gaclktls.
Ckgrlolktm bl plbcbms gfkglafbms.
L
Efatf bl lspfgcm bl faofglkfoclktm.
Nfjf rmtfgc÷k bla stmgi.
Gfkglafgc÷k bl gmoprfs.
Gmstms bl ams Ckvlktfrcms s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Gmstms Gmstmsbl blams amsCkvlktfrcms Ckvlktfrcms Gmstms Gmstmsbl blXlbcbm Xlbcbm
Gmstms bl Faofglkfoclktm Gmstms bl Faofglkfoclktm Gmstms Gmstmsbl bl^mturf ^mturfbl blWtmgis Wtmgis
@lstc÷k bl Ckvlktfrcms s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
6. Bltlrockfgc Bltlrockfgc÷k ÷k bl G\ÆKBM
afs
kl klglscbf glscbfbls: bls:
V\ V\Ã, Ã,
G\ G\ÆKR ÆKRM, M,
>. Wlalggc÷k Wlalggc÷k bbll prmv prmvllbmrls llbmrls:: Lal Lal`cr `cr ol oljmr jmr mel melrtf rtf 7. ^lfaczfgc÷ ^lfaczfgc÷kk bl af gmoprf gmoprf:: Vuã nnclkls, clkls, guækt guæktmm y prlgc prlgcmm 2. Xulstf Xulstf f bcs bcspmscgc pmscgc÷k: ÷k: ^l ^lglpgc÷ glpgc÷kk bl af olrgfkg olrgfkgïf ïf
^mtfgc÷k (^) bl ams Ckvlktfrcms s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
^mtfgc÷k (^) bl ams Ckvlktfrcms s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a
Ls af olbcbf gmk af gufa sl gfaguaf la kúolrm bl vlgls qul uk ckvlktfrcm sl oulvl lk su tmtfacbfb lk ukf ukcbfb bl tclopm bltlrockfbf (Föm, Ols9 ltg.). ^?
Gmksuom bla Ckvlktfrcm (\kcbfb $) Ckvlktfrcm Xrmolbcm (\kcbfb $)
L
Ckvlktfrcm Xrmolbcm ?
Ckvlktfrcm Ckcgcfa + Ckvlktfrcm Eckfa >
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Mnjltcvms lk af Fbockcstrfgc÷k bl Ckvlktfrcms y Faofglkls Rclopms bl lktrl`f mpmrtu mpmrtukms kms Fomrtc`ufr ckglrtcbuonrl lk af
blofkbf Bcspmkcncacbfb bl prmbugtms ^fgcmkfaczfr la kcvla bl ckvlktfrcms Oljmrfr af rmtfgc÷k bl ams ckvlktfrcms
Wlrvcgcm fa gaclktl
Gmstms
Oljmrfr afs blgcscmkls bl gufkbm y gufktm
plbcr Xrmglsms bl ckemrofgc÷k pfrf lelgtms ecsgfals Bftms bl ckvlktfrcm lxfgtms
Ckemrofgc÷k Ecsgfa
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Ufrcfnals qul bltlrockfk bltlrockfk la Rfoföm Rfoföm bla Ckvlktfrcm Ckvlktfrcm ^fzmkls pfrf Ofktlklr uk Ckvlktfrcm 6. Xrmtlg Xrmtlggc÷k gc÷k gmktrf af ckgl ckglrtcbuo rtcbuonrl, nrl, gmom: Af blofkbf. La tclopm bl lktrl`f. Rclopm bl gmksuom.
Gfoncms bl prm`rfof. Kcvla bl slrvcgcm fa gaclktl. >. Xfrf plroctcr af prmbuggc÷k m af gmoprf nfjm gmkbcgcmkls lgmk÷ocgfs vlktfjmsfs. 7. Xfrf gun gunrcr rcr gfon gfoncms cms lk af melr melrtf tf y af blofkbf. blofkbf. 2. Xfrf o ofktlk fktlklr lr la ttrfksct rfksctmm
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Ærlfs qul Cktlrvclklk lk la Ofkljm bl ams Ckvlktfrcms KCULABL N\LKKCULA KCULA BLX^MB\GRM X^MB\GRM RL^OCKFBM RL^OCKFBM N\LK X^MB\GR M RL^OCKFBM Æ^LF BL ULKRFW Am oæs copmrtfktl ls la kcvla bl ckvlktfrcms bl prmbugtms prmbu gtms tlrockfbms
Gufaquclr f`mtfbm al rlprlslktf pãrbcbf bl vlktfs l ckgauscvl gaclktls.
CKRL^ÃWXM^ XM^LA LACKULKR CKULKRF^CM CKULKR F^CMBL BLOX OX LWXLGCFACKRL^ÃW CKULKRF^CM F^CM LWXLGCFA Æ^LF BL GMOX^FW La ckvlktfrcm bl oftlrcf prcof ls la oæs copmrtfktl pfrf la blpfrtfolktm bl gmoprfs.
Fbloæs bl dfglr kl`mgcfgcmkls rlktfnals nusgf fsl`urfr(gï af bcspmkcncacbfb bl prmbugtms klglsfrcms pfrf gmoprfs la la gc gcgam gam bl prmbuggc÷k (gïf. f. Ofkuefgturlrf) ym pfrf af vlktf (gïf. Gmolrgcfa). Al cktlrlsf ofktlklr uk fatm bl kcvla bl ckvlktfrcm bl oftlrcf prcof: uk f`mtfbm ls su rlspmksfncacbfb.
Af tcpmcopmrtfkgcf bl ckbustrcf.bla gmstm bl gmoprfs rlsplgtm fa bl vlktfs vfrïf sl`úk la
Mnjltcvm bl ams Ckvlktfrcms s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Xfrf lstfnalglr uk scstlof bl `lstc÷k bl ckvlktfrcms df bl am`rfrsl uk lqucacnrcm lktrl ams bms mnjltcvms eukbfolktfals:
Gmstm lk af ^fzmkfnal Ckvlrsc÷k bla Ckvlktfrcm
Fblgufbm Kcvla bl Wlrvcgcm fa Gaclktl
La ^lfprmvcscmkfoclktm s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Af loprlsf blnl rlfprmvcscmkfr afs lxcstlkgcfs fktls bl qul sl f`mtlk. Ls oæs, blnl rlfaczfrsl la plbcbm gufkbm sl aal`ul f uk kcvla tfa qul plroctf sftcsefglr af blofkbf dfstf qul sl rlgcnf la pr÷xcom plbcbm.
^mturf bl stmgi (Wtmgi
Mut): Xmr blnfjm bla stmgi bl sl`urcbfb
Rcpms bl Wtmgi s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Wtmgi Olbcm ? Wtmgi oïkcom + (Blofkbf bla plrcmbm / >) Wtmgi bl Wl`urcbfb ? (Xafzm oæxcom lktrl`f ‗ Xafzm lktrl`f prmvllbmrls )* Blofkbf
Blgcscmkls bl Ckvlktfrcm s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
^ F K L B ^ M M M R ^ K F Æ K G \ B L 6... G \Æ K B M 6 M M M ^ >
½Guækbm Mrblkfr= s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Xuktm bl ^lmrblk: Bltlrockfr gufkbm dfy qul Mrblkfr = r f k l b M r cb bm, aa af af of ofbm plb c k p u u l b m t ½ G uæ uæ k kb bm u kf s cl k m u s o o c u u g a l g t k k s c c f l a f n b ïf s m
y tm s ÷ k y c k g f f u g g m s a m bl aaf m g f k t u u f k a a l m l s b r r l t u r p ol k f sf l k f a ssl p f o , p p u f g l ` u f l a a r r q t , m k k a tt ccl o p r rlm rbl pm bl l L l o b l c c m t t t m k p u om p k t rrl `f m l g l l b g m m z k p af a al gm tf s s sl sl of of k kf f s s,, sl s l g uf k tf f kl r : f o o l t k ` u cl s c `
½Guæktm Mrblkfr= s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
La ^ltm bl Dmy ……… s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
½ Bmkbl ofktlklr la ckvlktfrcm= ½Vuã ctlos sl blnlk tlklr lk ckvlktfrcm y lk bmkbl=
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Grlftcvcbfb
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Gfpfgcbfb Fkfaïtcgf
La ^ltm ls ……… s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
KCULA BL WL^UCGCM Kcvla bl ckvlktfrcms ‗ Gmstms am`ïstcgms
S tmbm blplkbl bl ………… s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Ckvlktfrcm vs. Kcvla bl Wlrvcgcm fa Gaclktl m c r f t k l v k C k l k ÷ c s r l v k C
8
>8
28
58
48
Kcvla bl Wlrvcgcm fa gaclktl (%)
68 8
6>8
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
½Dmy guæa slrïf af prcmrcbfb=
Lk Au`fr bl Ckvlktfrcms …… s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
……. ¡¡¡Wmaugcmkls Am`ïstcgfs!!! s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Wcstlofs oæs ealxcnals bl prmglsfoclktm y fbockcstrfgc÷k bl
÷rblkls Oljmrls gfpfgcbfbls pfrf ofkljfr af ckemrofgc÷k am`ïstcgf Rrfkspmrtl oæs gmkecfnal y gfpfz Dfncacbfbls pfrf uncgfr ckvlktfrcms b÷kbl sl klglsctlk
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Omblams bl Fbockcstrfgc÷k bl Ckvlktfrcms
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Xrlscmkls Ckvlktfrcms pfrf Ofktlklr Nfjms Gmstm bl ofktlklr la ckvlktfrcm:
Eaugtúf kmrofaolktl lktrl 6< y 7 Bïfs
Burfgc÷k Rmtfa Rmtfa Gcgam >< Bïfs
^lgcnm Wurtcbm Faofgãk
7 Bïfs
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
La Gcgam bl Gfjf vs La Gcgam bla Ckvlktfrcm GMOX^ F BÏ F GL^ M
^LGCN M BÏF 78
XF@M BÏ F 2<
X^MB\GGC ULKRF ×K BÏ F 48
GCGAMBL BLCKULKRF^CM CKULKRF^CM GCGAM
BÏ 3F<
GMN^M BÏF 628
5< BÏFW
GCGAMBL BLGFJF GFJF GCGAM
Afacqucblz acqucblzsl slblsprlkbl blsprlkblbla blaeaujm eaujmbl blgfjf gfjf Af Gfpctfa pfrf eckfkgcfr afs mplrfgcmkls
3< BÏFW
Gfpctfa pfrf eckfkgcfr afs mplrfgcmkls
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
GAFWCECGFGC×K FNG
Fpacgfgcmkls bla FNG s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Gmkscstl lk lstrugturfr m gafscecgfr ams prmbugtms lk trls gftl`mrïfs blkmockfbfs F, N y G, fpmyækbmsl lk la prckgcpcm lk la gufa, `lklrfaolktl, ams prmbugtms sc`ulk ukf bcstrcnugc÷k pfrlgcbf f af rlfaczfbf pmr Xfrltm gmk afs rlktfs bl ams ckbcvcbums: ‑farlblbmr bla >8% bla kúolrm bl frtïguams lk stmgi rlprlslktfk glrgf bla 48% bla vfamr tmtfa bl lsl stmgi. Gfbf ukf bl lstfs gftl`mrïfs tclkl sus prmpcfs gfrfgtlrïstcgfs. Af gafscecgfgc÷k F,N y G bl uk `rupm bl prmbugtms sl pulbl aalvfr f gfnm blsbl bcelrlktls puktms bl vcstf, ls blgcr, sl pulbl dfglr sl`úk: Af Blofkbf. ^lgulrbfofktlklr ofktlklrgafscecgfbm gafscecgfbmtfktm tfktmffams amsprmbugtms prmbugtmsgmom gmomffams ams ^lgulrbf gaclktls,pfrf pfrfpmblr pmblrlstfnalglr lstfnalglruk uktrftfoclktm trftfoclktmbcelrlkgcfa bcelrlkgcfayy La Gmstm. gaclktls, mrclktfroljmr oljmrffafafeulrzf eulrzfbl blvlktfs. vlktfs. mrclktfr Af ^lktfncacbfb.
La sc`kcecgfbm lstrftã`cgm bl gfbf prmbugtm pfrf af gmopföïf.
Fkæacscs FNG s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Oclktrfs oljmr sl gmkmzgf gmom lstæ gmopulstm la ckvlktfrcm, sl pulbl blacklfr ukf oljmr lstrftl`cf gmk nfsl lk af sl`olktfgc÷k bl prmbugtms.
Gafscecgfgc÷k Gafscecgfgc÷ k FNG s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n f a L
Umauolk $ 688 3< 48
G N F
% bla Gftæam`m >8
plsms) >8,8
208,8
78,8
2
>88,8
508,8
2>,4
5
608,8
428,8
8
65
5>,8
67>2,8
42,5
6<
*AR Vofx ≬ AR*(B/648) KL? Cktlrvfam ^lfprmvcscmkfoclktms ^lfprmvcscmkfoclk tms Vmpt?lktrl Rfoföm bla Amtl AR? Gcgam bl `lstc÷k bl uk plbcbm B? Blofkbf
Ljlopam
Lk uk faofgãk bl bcstrcnugc÷k bl af loprlsf sl lstæ pafkcecgfkbm la ckvlktfrcm s m t bla surtcbm bl fglctl bl `crfsma copmrtfbm lk lkvfsl bl 6 actrm. Af blofkbf s l fkufa ls bl >,788.888 actrms, gmk ukf blsvcfgc÷k lstfkbfr bl af blofkbf bcfrcf u p u bl >,888 actrms/bïf9 la prlgcm bla actrm ls bl $6.8–788.888)(6.–788.888/758)
CW? 52,458 Actrms
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n
Blsfrrmaam Ljlopam XX? CW + (AR*B/758)
Gæaguam bla Xuktm bl Xlbcbm (XX)
XX? 52.488+(2–788.888/758) 52.488+(2–788.888/758) XX?7.758 Actrms Gfaguam bl af Lxcstlkgcf Ofxcof (Vofx) Vofx?CW+Vmpt Vofx? 52.488+622.888 Vofx? >84.458 Actrms
a f L
Gfaguam bl af Lxcstlkgcf Olbcf (V) V? CW+(Vmpt/>) V? (>84.458/>)
V? 682.278 Actrms
s m t s l u p u s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n a f L
Blsfrrmaam Ljlopam Gfaguam bla Gcgam bl ^lfprmvcscmkfoclktm ^lfprmvcscmkfoclktm (KL) m Xuktm bl ^lmrblk KL? Vofx*(758/B) XX? >84.458*(758/>–788.888) >84.458*(758/>–788.888) KL? 7>,5 bïfs ~ 77 Bïfs Gfaguam bl ams rlqucsctms bla tfoföm bla amtl (Vmpt) KL≬>*AR KL≬>*AR Vofx*758/B≬>*AR Vofx≬AR*B/648 >84.458≬2–788.888/648) >84.458≬>. ½Vul ckvlktfrcm bl sl`urcbfb u
s l r X l b k ÷ c g f r m n a f L
slræ klglsfrcm ofktlklr pfrf fagfkzfr uk kcvla bl slrvcgcm bl gcgam bl 33%= ½Guæa slræ la vfamr bl ^=
Ckvlktfrcm bl sl`urcbfb ? Zχa ? >.77 (>>) ? >)5>6.>0.>0/5>6.>3.33
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