000 Guia de Mantenimiento Profesional para Piscinas - Klaren

 

Fjs klojrls prjnuhtjs ld lf klrhcnj pcrc lf huincnj nl su pishidc, ajy sl vistld nl `cfc pcrc ustln.

   @ K U  U  -G  D -U  I    S -3  3  0   5  = 

www.djvlk.hjk.kx

 

@uëc nl Kcdtldikildtj Urjblsijdcf pcrc Uishidcs

Urj`rckc Dchijdcf nl Hcpchitchiød

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Hjdtldinj

¡Fc hcfincn ls hfcrc! Nisbrutl nl su pishidc hjkj dudhc cdtls

Hjdtldinj 5= 58

Idtrjnuhhiød  C`  C `ldtls Hjdtckid idc cdtls Hjdtckidcdtls Bësihjs nl fc Uishidc Hjdtckidcdtls Mijfø`ihjs nl fc Uishidc

Bchtjrls pcrc lf ^rctckildtj nl C`uc

52 32

Biftrchiød Fikpilzc Bësihc Budhijdls Uridhipcfls nl Jplrchiød nl fjs Biftrjs DJK-=>2 >1

\sj y Nlshriphiød nl fjs Urjnuhtjs Gfcrld® Urjmflkcs, Hcuscs y Xjfuhijdls @fjscrij nl ^érkidjs

5, fj qul plrkitl tldlr udc hcpchincn nl rltldhiød nl pcrtëhufc ldtrl lf rcd`j nl fcs =< c 355 kihrcs.

Fc ikpjrtcdhic nlf trctckildtj bësihj ls, qul si dj sl rlcfizc j sl ikpflkldtc nl bjrkc idcnlhucnc, fc pishidc tldnrã slrijs prjmflkcs nl hcfincn y lf c`uc sl lstrjplcrã rãpinckldtl. Fjs bchtjrls qul nltlrkidcd y csl`urcd qul lf c`uc sl kcdtld`c fikpic y trcdspcrldtl, sjd?  sjd?  BIF^]CHIØD Y FIKUIL_C BËXIHC.

BIF^]CHIØD

BIF^]JX BIF ^]JX NL _LJFI^C 

B\DHIØD NL BIF^]CHIØD?  BIF^]CHIØD?  ]lhjflhtcr fcs pcrtëhufcs nl  søfinjs suspldninjs ld lf c`uc.

Ld lf klrhcnj lstl tipj nl ffiftrjs dj lxistl, yc qul dj sl ac nislócnj ud lquipj j tcdqul ld lf qul sl kcdlol lstl klnij ffiftrcdtl, sid lkmcr`j sl utifizc lf tcdqul nlf ffiftrj nl crldc hjd éstl klnij ffiftrcdtl, ls ikpjrtcdtl kpjrtcdtl hjdsinlrcr hjdsinlrcr qul fc nldsincn nl fc _ljfitc ls kldjr c fc nl fc crldc sëfihc, pjr fj qul sl rlhjkildnc nlocr ud lspchij vchëj nlf >< cf c 1 ars. nicrics, ars. nicrics, hukpfildnj

Xi sl achld fjs rltrjfcvcnjs hjrrlhtjs y sl nloc fikpic ld lf idvilrdj, éstl pfczj sl pulnl cfcr`cr ud cój kãs, hjkj kãxikj.

hjd ud hihfj nicrij, hjkj këdikj. • Uishidcs hjklrhicfls j pÿmfihcs? 31 c => ars. nicrics, 8 hihfjs ld budhijdckildtj y 3 hucdnj fc pishidc lstã hlrrcnc. 52

 

 |

 C`ldtls Hjdtckidcdtls

ºS\É LX FC _LJFI^C:

Kuhacs nl fcs mchtlrics kinld ldtrl 5.< y 35 kihrcs. Fc kcyjr pcrtl nl fjs pjrjs nl fc zljfitc kinld kldjs nl 5.< kihrcs, pjr fj qul fcs mchtlrics sjd rltldincs ld fjs pjrjs, kildtrcs lf c`uc pcsc c trcvés nl lffjs.

Fc zljfitc ls ud `rupj nl kidlrcfls qul tildld udc hcrchtlrëstihc kuy lsplhicf, ls lf ÿdihj kidlrcf ld lf kudnj qul pjsll hcr`cs

Fjs rlsuftcnjs qul sl lsplrcd nl ud sistlkc nl ffiftrcnj, sjd ld budhiød nl fc muldc slflhhiød nlf lquipj.

  Mldlffihijs nl fc _ljfitc Hrystcfuk hjkj klnij ffiftrcdtl?

Xl prlsldtc c hjdtiduchiød udc `uëc su`lrinc pcrc fc  slflhhiød nl ud lquipj l quipj nl ffiftrcnj ld mcsl cf vjfukld nl  c`uc.

H]YX^CF\K tildl • H]YX^CF\K  tildl udc tcsc djkidcf nl ffiftrcnj kldjr c < kihrcs, prjnuhildnj kcyjr hfcrincn ld lf c`uc ffiftrcnc.

^cmfc pcrc slflhhiød nl lquipj nl ffiftrcnj Crldc

• Dlutrcfizc si`diffihctivckldtl lf pA nlf c`uc.

Høni`j

• Lf lspchij plrklcmfl nl fjs pjrjs nl fjs `rcdjs j brc`kldtjs, c trcvés nl fjs hucfls ﬍uyl lf c`uc, ls 355% kcyjr c fjs nlf hucrzj nl fc crldc sëfihc. • Xl rlquilrl rlquilrl udc hcdtincn kldjr nl prjnuhtj hjd rlsplhtj c fc crldc sëfihc yc qul pjsll udc kcyjr suplrffihil y pjrjsincn, idhrlkldtcdnj su hcpchincn nl ﬍uoj, hjkpcrcnj hjd fjs klnijs ffiftrcdtls hjdvldhijdcfls. HJKUC]C^IRJ NL HC]@CX H]YX^CF\K LD BIF^]JX UC]C UIXHIDCX Hcr`c nl Kctlricf  Crldc  Cr ldc Hrystcfuk g`s g`s

 Ãrlc nl  Ãrlc ffiftrj pils½

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3.92

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335.95 pils= 381,91< 3155 ppk Ls ud térkidj utifizcnj pcrc nlshrimir pridhipcfkldtl fcs scfls nl hcfhij nisulftcs ld lf c`uc, prjvjhcnj pjr fc nisjfuhiød nl fcs scfls hjkj Hcrmjdctjs nl Hcfhij y nl Kc`dlsij, hfjrurjs, sufbctjs, lth. prlsldtl ld fcs rjhcs nlf sumsulfj pjr njdnl lxistld fjs lshurrikildtjs nl c`uc. Nurlzcs nlmcoj nl =55 ppk, hcuscd ncójs ikpjrtcdtls ld fcs idstcfchijdls. idstcfchijdls. Uridhipcfkldtl  Uridhipcfkldtl ld fjs chcmcnjs, hucfquilrc qul slc, fc pidturc sl nlsprldnl, fc kcrkjfidc sl nisulfvl ld lf c`uc, cf i`ucf qul lf lkmjquiffcnjj nl fjs czuflojs. lkmjquiffcn Nurlzcs hjd vcfjrls kcyjrls c >55 ppk, hcuscd ncójs ikpjrtcdtls ld fcs idstcfchijdls.  idstcfchijdls.  Lstjs sl rl﬍locd pridhipcfkldtl ld fjs chcmcnjs, hucfquilrc qul slc, yc qul nlminj cf scrrj qul bjrkc, sl tldnrã suplrffihils ãsplrcs y rcspjscs, qul fl`cd c flsijdcr c fjs mcóistcs. Hjd vcfjrls cftjs nl nurlzc, sl tildld idhrustchijdls idhrustchijdls ld fjs slrpldtidls nl fjs hcfldtcnjrls, tcpjdckildtjs ld fjs klnijs ffiftrcdtls ffl`cdnj c hcfhiffihcrsl lf klnij ffiftrcdtl ld hjrtj tilkpj.

Kétjnj nl Cdãfisis Nl Nurlzc ^jtcf

Ucsj 3

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HFJ]J HJKMIDCNJ J HFJ]CKIDCX ]cd`j? kldjs nl 5.= ppk HFJ]J HJKMIDCNJ HH Ls lf Hfjrj qul rlsuftc nlspués nl fc rlchhiød nlf Hfjrj fimrl hjd fjs hjdtckidcdtls y fc jxinchiød nl fc kctlric jr`ãdihc. Lstl ls lf tipj nl Hfjrj qul prjnuhl lf hcrchtlrëstihjj ‖jfjr c Hfjrj‛ ld fc pishidc. Ls kuy idlstcmfl hcrchtlrëstih y hjdstcdtlkldtl sl nlsprldnl nl fc suplrffihil nlf c`uc. Hfjrckidcs   sjd fcs hcuscdtls nlf jfjr idtldsj c Fcs Hfjrckidcs Hfjrj, irritchiød y pihczød ld fc pilf, crnjr ld fjs jojs, prjvjhcdnj ldrjolhikildtj. Cnlkãs nl prjvjhcr turminlz y hjdsukj nl lxhlsivj nl Hfjrj. \dc vlz qul sl ac nltlrkidcnj lf vcfjr nlf Hfjrj hjkmidcnj j Hfjrckidc, acy qul lfikidcrfc, yc qul dj nlml nl lxistir kãs nl 5.= ppk. Ls ikpjrtcdtl hjdsinlrcr qul tipj nl pishidcs prjnuhld kãs bãhifkldtl lstl prjmflkc? • Uishidcs ^lhacncs • Uishidcs njdnl sl ikpcrtld hfcsls nl dctchiød   j cquclrjmihs. • Uishidcs nl Ajtlfls nl cftc hcr`c.

Ffldl lf tumj `rcdnl acstc fc fëdlc pudtlcnc.

\dj nl fjs kétjnjs nl lfikidchiød nl fcs Hfjrckidcs ls klnicdtl trctckildtjs nl suplrhfjrchijdls j trctckildtjs nl hajqul hjd prjnuhtjs hfjrcnjs yc qul jxinc hjkpfltckldtll lstl hjdtckidcdt hjkpfltckldt hjdtckidcdtll

Ucsj =

Ucrc lfikidcr lstl hjdtckidcdtl, sl rlhjkildnc utifizcr Jzjdl Gfcrld®, prjnuhtj fimrl nl Hfjrj, qul lfikidc

 Cnihijdl njs `jtcs nl fc sjfuhiød # 2 c fc kulstrc nl c`uc idvirtildnj pcrc klzhfcr vcrics jhcsijdls.

kctlric Jxi`ldj qul `ldlrc. jr`ãdihc y Hfjrckidcs pjr klnij nlf Jxi`ldj

Ucsj 8  Cnihijdl fc sjfuhiød #0 udc `jtc c fc vlz, (klzhfcdnj ldtrl `jtcs) hjdtcdnj lf dÿklrj nl `jtcs dlhlscrij pcrc hckmicr lf hjfjr c rjoj c ud czuf purj.

Ucsj >

Hcnc `jtc nl sjfuhiød # 0 ls i`ucf c < idnihc tj.

Lstãdncr (kid. kãx.)

Hfjrj fimrl/Mrjkj fimrl Hfjrckidcs/Mrjkckidc

3.55 c 8.55 ppk/=.55 c 2.55 5.55 c 5.=5 ppk

pA

0.= c 0.2

 Cfhcfidincn tjtcf

15 c 3>5 ppk

Nurlzc tjtcf

=55 c >55 ppk

 ^lkplrcturc nlf c`uc

=0 c =9µH HJKLD^C]IJX

Hfcrincn nlf c`uc Divlf nl fc pishidc Hcdtincn nl usucrijs HJKLD^C]IJX  ^lkplrcturc ckmildtcf Xjflcnj/dumfcnj HJKLD^C]IJX Urlsiød nl ffiftrj ]ltrjfcvcnj nlf ffiftrj HJKLD^C]IJX Suëkihjs cócninjs  ^rihfjrj Nihfjrj pA+ pA Cf`ihinc Hfcriffihcnjr Jtrjs  Chtivincnls nl fikpilzc fikpilzc  Cspircnj nl fc pishidc pishidc Hcdcstiffc nl mjkmc Nlsdctcnjr DJKM]L

NLF JUL]CNJ]

Jmslrvchijdls?

82

 

^rctckildtj Idihicf. Crrckqiul nl fc pishidc

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]LHJKLDNCHIJDLX DJ RCHIL FC UIXHIDC LD LF IDRIL]DJ Fjs pridhipcfls bcmrihcdtls y cutjrincnls ld fc kctlric csë fj rlhjkildncd, yc qul lxistld ikpjrtcdtls rczjdls pcrc lffj? ^ÉHDIHCX Xl lvitc prlsiød nl fc ^ilrrc y pjsimfls hucrtlcnurcs pjr hckmijs mrushjs ld fc tlkplrcturc. Xl lfikidc hjdtckidchiød hjdtckidchiød y ncój c tumlrëc. LX^L^IHCX Fc pishidc ls pcrtl ikpjrtcdtl nl fc mlfflzc nlf ocrnëd tckmiéd ld idvilrdj, dj plrkitc qul slc ud fu`cr njdnl sl chukufl mcsurc, ajocs tilrrc, lth. Nisbrÿtlfc ffldc nl c`uc. XL@\]INCN \dc pishidc vchëc ls ud ãrlc idsl`urc, sl hjrrl lf ril`j nl qul udc plrsjdc hci`c y sl fcstikl.

 Cf`udjs ^ips y ]lhjkldnchijd ]lhjkldnchijdls ls nl Xl`urincn? • Ucrc cajrrcr prjnuhtjs quëkihjs y prjmflkcs, kcdtld`c fikpic lf ãrlc cfrlnlnjr nl fc pishidc. • Lvitl uscr rjpc nl cf`jnød (hckisltcs, klzhfiffc) fc) ld fc pishidc, yc qul sulftcd ffimrc qul ncóc fc crldc nlf ffiftrj, ld `ldlrcf, hucfquilr klnij ffiftrcdtl. • ^ld`c c fc kcdj ud scfvcvincs y ud ‖`cdhaj nl pcstjr‛ pcrc udc lklr`ldhic. DJ usl • DJ  usl fc pishidc nurcdtl tjrkldtcs lféhtrihcs. • DJ DJ utifihl  utifihl cpcrctjs lféhtrihjs di vcsjs nl vinrij ld ãrlcs hlrhcdcs nl fc pishidc. • Cfkchldl sus prjnuhtjs quëkihjs mild tcpcnjs, ud fu`cr slhj yfëquinjs brlshj ynlflojs nl ﬍ckcs y jtrjs prjnuhtjs hjkj chlitls, `csjfidc, `rcscs j ld pidturcs. Xlpcrl søfinjs. • D\DHC  klzhfl   klzhfl fjs prjnuhtjs quëkihjs. Xilkprl cpfëqulfjs slpcrcnckldtl cf c`uc. • Xi utifizc tcmfltcs, kcdtld`c lf hfjrcnjr silkprl hjd suffihildtls tcmfltcs (>5% ø kãs) ld su idtlrijr. ]lffédlfj hjkpfltj. • Flc fcs ltiqultcs nl fjs prjnuhtjs? tjnjs fjs ldvcsls tildld ikprlscs fcs idstruhhijdls idstruhhijdls nl usj. • Xi utifizc tcmfltcs, tld`c c fc kcdj Nihfjrj Gfcrld® (ld ud ldvcsl plqulój). Xirvl pcrc sumir lf hfjrj ld bjrkc idklnictc y pcrc suplrhfjrcr.   • \tifihl lf hfjrcnjr cutjkãtihj hjd tcmfltcs y jfvënlsl pjr slkcdcs nl fc cpfihchiød nlf hfjrj. Fjs acy pcrc vjfÿkldls nlsnl >5,555 acstc =7 555,555 nl fitrjs.

80

 

| \sj y Nlshriphiød nl Urjnuhtjs Gfcrld

®

% nl hjdhldtrchiød nl Mrjkj qul fjs prjnuhtjs qul acy ld lf klrhcnj.  Cdtikihrjmicdj lffihcz. Lf njmfl nl lstcmifincn lstcmifincn c fc fuz \R ld hjkpcrchiød c fjs prjnuhtjs nlsidblhtcdtls lstcmifizcnjs. lstcmifizcnjs ldhjdhldtrchiød ud ckpfij rcd`j nl pA, tcdtj ãhinjs .yCftckldtl cfhcfidjs.lffihcz Xu cftc y lstcnj søfinj cyunc c rlnuhir fjs hjstjs nl cfkchldckildtj y trcdspjrtchiød. Kc`dëffihj nlsidblhtcdtl qul nlstruyl tjtcfkldtl mchtlrics, mchtlrics, cf`cs, ajd`js y kctlric jr`ãdihc. jr`ãdihc. Dj rlnuhl lf pA nlf c`uc di cukldtc fc nurlzc. IDNIHCHIJDLX NL \XJ? Hcnc tcmfltc nl 3" plsc =5 `rs, udc tcmfltc nl Mrjkj Gfcrld®  prjpjrhijdcrã =.5%. Fc sjfumifincn nlf MHNKA ls kuy mcoc, lstjs ls ikpjrtcdtl hjdsinlrcr, pjr fj qul sl rlhjkildnc utifizcr lquipjs njsiffihcnjrls kcyjrls c fjs utifizcnjs ld fc njsiffihchiød nl ^rihfjrj, këdikj lf idklnictj suplrijr, si ls pjsimfl njs tckcójs kãs crrimc. LX IKUJ]^CD^L HJDJHL] FCX ]C_JDLX S\L U]JRJHCD \D IDH]LKLD^J LD LF HJDX\KJ NL FC HCD^INCN NL M]JKJ LD LF C@\C NL FC UIXHIDC. • Hucdnj sl tildl ud dÿklrj lxhlsivj nl mcóistcs. • Hucdnj sl huldtc hjd hcflbchhiød ld fc pishidc y sl tildl tlkplrcturcs kcyjrls nl 85¿ ld lf c`uc.

Djrkcfkldtl sl utifizc udc tcmfltc pjr hcnc =< c 85 k¸ nl c`uc, j mild pulnl hcr`cr su hfjrcnjr hjd lf 85% nl tcmfltcs nl tripfl chhiød y lf rlstj nl tcmfltc djrkcf. Ls ikpjrtcdtl hjdtrjfcr lf pA nlf c`uc ld lf rcd`j nl 0.= c 0.2.  Cf i`ucf qul hjd lf usj nlf ^rihfjrj Gfcrld®  ld prlsldtchiød nl tcmfltc nl 8‛,nlhjd lf yc usj lquipjs sl jptikizc lf hjdsukj hfjrj, qulnlsllstjs fj`rc tldlr ud hjdtrjf kãs lxchtj nl fcs pcrtls pjr kiffød ld lf c`uc, tldildnj cnlkãs fc hjdfficdzc nl kcdtldlrfc silkprl nlsidblhtcnc. \D IDH]LKLD^J LD LF HJDX\KJ NL FC HCD^INCN NL HFJ]J LD LF C@\C NL FC UIXHIDC C\D HJD  ^]IUFL CHHIØD XL RL CBLH^CNJ UJ] FCX XI@\ILD^LX ]C_JDLX.  ]C_JDLX.  • Hfikc hcfurjsj y kuy sjflcnj. • Hucdnj sl prlsldtl ffuvic lxhlsivc ld lf ãrlc nl fc pishidc. • Hucdnj sl tildl ud `rcd `r cd dÿklrj nl mcóistcs. • Hucdnj sl huldtc hjd hcflbchhiød ld fc pishidc y sl tildl tlkplrcturcs kcyjrls ld lf c`uc. U]LXLD^CHIJDLX? ^cmfltc nl 8‛? mjtl 8‛? mjtl nl 3 g`, humltc nl >, 1, =5 y , 9, =5 g`s. Hfjrj lstcmifizcnj nl rãpinc chhiød, hjd 25% hjkj hfjrj nispjdimfl pcrc trctckildtjs nl hajqul   Urjnuhtj nl hfcriffihcdtl.

chhiød

mchtlrihinc,

cf`ihinc

y

Fc tcmfltc nl tripfl chhiød ls lf prjnuhtj hfjrcnj kãs lblhtivj pcrc lf kcdtldikildtj nl c`uc nl su pishidc, yc qul hjkmidc hjkmidc fc lblhtivincn lblhtivincn nlf ^rihfjrj ^rihfjrj hjd ud prjnuhtj cf`ihinc y ud hfcriffihcdtl vëc ffiftrj, tjnj ld udc sjfc tcmfltc. tcmfltc.

U]JUILNCNLX NLF U]JN\H^J? Lf Nihfjrj Gfcrld® ls ud prjnuhtj qul lfikidc pjr klnij nl fc jxinchiød sustcdhics sjfumfls nlocncs pjr fjs mcóistcs y qul dj pulnld slr ffiftrcncs, hjkj sunjr, fjhijdls mrjdhlcnjrcs, mrjdhlcnjrcs, ffiocnjrls nl plfj y jridc, cnlkãs nl cf`cs, cf`cs, mchtlrics y virus. Lfikidc fc idnlslcmfl Hfjrckidc qul hcusc c`uc turmic l irritchiød nl jojs y pilf. ßslfj pcrc cpfihcr sÿplr hfjrchijdls j trctckildtjs nl hajqul.

U]JUILNCNLX NLF U]JN\H^J? Urjnuhtj nl cftj pjrhldtcol nl hfjrj nispjdimfl. Hjd lstcmifizcdtl, qul cyunc c idhrlkldtcr lf tilkpj nl rlsinldhic nl hfjrj ld lf c`uc nl fc pishidc. Hjd ud lblhtivj c`ldtl cf`ihinc idhfuinj. Klojrc fc hfcrincn nlf c`uc, yc qul huldtc hjd ud hfcriffihcdtl vëc ffiftrj, qul klojrc fc lffihildhic nlf sistlkc nl ffiftrcnj. Dj cblhtc lf mcfcdhl quëkihj nlf c`uc nl su pishidc.

Xu klojr hcrchtlrëstihc ls fc cftc sjfumifincn, chtucdnj chtucdnj nl udc bjrkc idklnictc cf lflvcr fjs divlfls nl Hfjrj.  Cf cpfihcr lf trctckildtj nl hajqul hjd Nihfjrj Gfcrld®  dj sl tildl vcrichijdls ikpjrtcdtls ld lf pA nlf c`uc nl fc pishidc. Ncnc su cftc hjdhldtrchiød, dj sl rlquilrl udc hcdtincn cftc nl prjnuhtj.

IDNIHCHIJDLX NL \XJ? Xl c`rl`cd ld fjs niblrldtls tipjs nl hfjrcnjrls cutjkãtihjs j mild ld nispldscnjrls spldscnjrls ﬍jtcdtls.

KJNJlfNL  Coustl pALKUFLJ? pA ld ud rcd`j inlcf inlcf nl 0.= c 0.2. Ucrc suplrhfjrcr lf c`uc cpfiqul 325 `rs. pjr hcnc 35k¸ (35,555 ft.), kcdtld`c ld pjsihiød nl ffiftrchiød hjdstcdtl.

89

 

| \sj y Nlshriphiød nl Urjnuhtjs Gfcrld

®

 CUFIHCHIJDLX NLF NLF U]JN\H^J? Xl rlhjkildnc lf usj nlf Nihfjrj ld fjs si`uildtls hcsjs? • Cf idihicr fc hfjrchiød nl udc pishidc qul ls ffldcnc pjr priklrc vlz. • Hucdnj sl tld`cd ffuvics kuy idtldscs. • Hucdnj lf c`uc lstl vlrnjsc pjr tldlr mcojs divlfls nl Hfjrj ld tilkpjs prjfjd`cnjs.

rlchhijdc hjd hjdtckidcdtls jr`ãdihjs sid sid prjnuhir hjd fjs hjdtckidcdtls hfjrckidcs, cnlkãs, dj cukldtc lf divlf nl hfjrj di lstcmifizcdtl,, pjr fj qul dj ls dlhlscrij hlrrcr fc pishidc, lstcmifizcdtl lxhlptj ud mrlvl plrëjnj, pcrc plrkitir fc nistrimuhiød nlf prjnuhtj. Xu lxhlfldtl sjfumifincn fj hjdvilrtl hjdvilrtl ld ud prjnuhtj bãhif nl uscr.

• yUcrc suplrhfjrcr lf c`uc lstcs slcd kcyjr nl 5.=hucdnj ppk. sl nltlhtcd Hfjrckidcs • Hucdnj sl prlsldtl ld fc pishidc ud lxhlsj nl mcóistcs. DJ^C? Lsplrcr pcrc uscr fc pishidc, acstc qul lf divlf nl Hfjrj acyc mcocnj c 8.5 ppk nl Hfjrj j kldjs.

KJNJ NL LKUFLJ? Njsiffihchiød pjr hcnc 35 k¸ nl c`uc nl fc pishidc.

Hfjrckidcs?  Ls ud Hfjrj hjkmidcnj prjnuhtj nl fc Hfjrckidcs?  rlchhiød nl fc nlshjdtckidchiød, ls ud hjkpulstj bjrkcnj hucdnj lf Hfjrj sl hjkmidc hjd hjkpulstjs ditrj`ldcnjs hjkj fc jridc, sunjr, kctlric jr`ãdihc, lth. Hcusc irritchiød nl fc pilf, jojs y bjscs dcscfls nl fjs dcncnjrls. Xl kcdiffilstc hjd ud jfjr bulrtl bulrtl c Hfjrj, prjvjprjvjhc cnlkãs turminlz ld lf c`uc. Lstl hjdtckidcdtl sl lfikidc bãhifkldtl hjd ud trctckildtj nl hajqul j suplrhfjrchiød. U]LXLD^CHIJDLX? Mjtl nl 3 g`, humltc nl >, 35, y 3

 

| \sj y Nlshriphiød nl Urjnuhtjs Gfcrld

®

 Cmriffcdtc lf c`uc nl su pishidc. Fikpic y cmriffcdtc lf c`uc turmic pjr fc hjc`ufchiød nl pcrtëhufcs kihrjshøpihcs suspldnincs nl pjfvj u jtrjs hjkpulstjs søfinjs ldffiftrj. pcrtëhufcs kãs `rcdnls qul plrkitld slr rltldincs pjr lf Xu bjrkufc lsplhicf c mcsl nl ud pjfëklrj jr`ãdihj nl hcr`c pjsitivc, qul vc udildnj tjncs fcs pcrtëhufcs suspldnincs ld lf c`uc idhrlkldtcdnj su tckcój pcrc slr rltldincs ld lf ffiftrj hjd kcyjr bchifincn. U]JUILNCNLX NLF U]JN\H^J? Ls ud hfcriffihcnjr cyunc ffiftrj, pulstj qul fcs pcrtëhufcs qulncd ctrcpcncs ld lf ffiftrj, dj prlhipitcd pjr fj qul dj ls dlhlscrij cspircr. Ls nl chhiød rãpinc, fcs pcrtëhufcs sl hjc`ufcd y sl lfikidcd ld lf hihfj nl ffiftrcnj, lfikidcdnj tjnj lf søfinj suspldninj pjr klnij nlf rltrjfcvcnj. Fc trcdsblrldhic nlf hjfjr njrcnj c czuf idnihc qul fc kãxikc chhiød hfcriffihcnjrc ac hjkldzcnj. Lf prjnuhtj ls cftckldtl hjdhldtrcnj, hjdhldtrcnj, pjr fj qul dj sl rlquilrld `rcdnls hcdtincnls. Lblhtivj ld ud ckpfij rcd`j nl hcfincn nl c`uc y ls hjkpctimfl hjd jtrjs quëkihjs uscnjs ld lf trctckildtj nl c`uc nl pishidcs Fc pishidc pulnl slr uscnc nlspués nlf trctckildtj, dj ls tøxihj, ls 355 % mijnl`rcncmfl. Dj cftlrc lf mcfcdhl quëkihj nlf c`uc. NJXIBIHCHIØD NLF U]JN\H^J? HJKJ KCD^LDIKILD^J Y C@\C ^\]MIC CUFIS\L? 32 fts. y > fts. Ujrrød nl =5 y 8

 

| \sj y Nlshriphiød nl Urjnuhtjs Gfcrld

®

 Coustcnjr nl fc Cfhcfidincn ^jtcf ^ jtcf y lf pA nlf c`uc nl su pishidc.

Urjnuhtj quëkihj idjr`ãdihj nl cftc purlzc, pjr fj tcdtj dj prjnuhl sumprjnuhtjs idnlslcmfls.

U]JUILNCNLX NLF U]JN\H^J?

Xu hjdhldtrchiød y hcrchtlrëstihcs plrkitld udc bãhif

Nlscrrjffcnj pcrcqul coustcr fc Cfhcfidincn ^jtcf ld lf c`uc. Urjnuhtj cfhcfidj cyuncrã c sumir tckmiéd lf pA ld lf c`uc nl fc pishidc. Hjkpflkldtc fc budhiød nlf Hfcriffihcnjr Gfcrld®, klojrcdnj su yc lblhtivc lffihildhic.

njsiffihchiød. Niskiduyl y^jtcf. Niskiduyl coustcLvitc dj sjfj lf pA nlfnlfc`uc, tckmiéd fc Cfhcfidincn lf ‖rlmjtl‛ pA rlcfizcdnj coustls lblhtivjs.

IDNIHCHIJDLX NL \XJ? Hjd lf Hfcriffihcnjr Hucdnj lf c`uc prlsldtl prjmflkcs nl turminlz, c`rl`ul 3 g`. pjr hcnc 35,555 fts. nl c`uc, oudtj hjd fc njsiffihchiød nlf Hfcriffihcnjr, lstj cyuncrã c klojrcr fjs rlsuftcnjs nl fc hfcriffihchiød. Hjd fc Cfhcfidincn y lf pA  Cdcfihl fc Cfhcfidincn ^jtcf nlf c`uc nl su pishidc7 si éstc éstc sl ldhuldtrc crrimc nl 3>5 ppk, c`rl`ul pA + Ufus. Fc nivlrsincn nl chhijdls nl pA + Ufus ld lf c`uc, fl plrkitl niskiduir fc cfhcfidincn tjtcf, cblhtcdnj fi`lrckldtl lf pA, j mild sumir lf pA nlf c`uc hucdnj fc cfhcfidincn ls kuy mcoc. Xl cdlxc rlhjkldnchijdls nl njsiffihchiød. Njsiffiqul fc hcdtincn rlhjkldncnc, nistrimuyc lf kctlricf ld tjnc lf ãrlc nl fc pishidc, pridhipcfkldtl ld fcs mjquiffcs nl rltjrdj. C@]L@\L LF U]JN\H^J NI]LH^J CF C@\C NL FC UIXHIDC, DJ FJ NIF\YC, NCNJ S\L @LDL]C HCFJ] LQHLXIRJ. Kcdtld`c fc vãfvufc nlf ffiftrj ld fc pjsihiød nl ffiftrcnj, y nlspués nl nl > ajrcs, hjkj këdikj, këdikj, cdcfihl cdcfihl nl dulvj lf lf c`uc. Xl rlhjkildnc qul lstc chtivincn fc nlscrrjffl pjr fcs djhals. Ls rlhjkldncmfl qul fc pishidc sl ldhuldtrl nlsjhupcnc cf cpfihcr lf trctckildtj, y sl pulnl uscr nlspués nl ud tilkpj lstikcnj nl = ajrcs. Ikpjrtcdtl kcdtldlr lf c`uc ffiftrcdnj. NJXIBIHCHIØD?  C`rl`ul 355 `rs. pjr hcnc hcnc 35,555 fts. nl c`uc c`uc nl fc pishipishidc. Hjd lstc njsiffihchiød fc Cfhcfidincn ^jtcf ld lf c`uc sl niskiduirã =5 ppk, hjd udc këdikc cblhtchiød ld lf pA. Xl rlhjkildnc qul lf vcfjr nl fc cfhcfidincn sl vcyc niskiduyldnj ld hcdtincnls dj kcyjrls c >5 ppk, hjd lstj sl fj`rc ud muld hjdtrjf ld lf vcfjr nlf pA. Xi fc cfhcfidincn ld lf c`uc nl fc pishidc ls mcoc, csë hjkj lf pA, c`rl`ul 3pAajrcs, nlf c`uc nl pcscr këdikj cdcfihlslfc idhrlkldtl. Cfhcfidincn y Nlspués lf pA nl dulvj, nl slr dlhlscrij, lblhtÿl jtrj coustl. U]LXLD^CHIJDLX? Xchj nl =< g`s.

 CUFIHCHIØD NLF NLF U]JN\H^J? Halqul lf pA nlf c`uc, si lstl sl ldhuldtrc crrimc nl 0.2 c`rl`ul pA- mcsãdnjsl ld fc si`uildtl tcmfc.  C`rl`cdnj lstã hcdtincn sl sl jmtldnrã ud pA nl 0.> pa klninj

@rs. pjr hcnc 35k8 (35,555 fts.)

0.2

3=5

0.1

==5

1.5

8>5

1.=



ajrcs, hjkj këdikj, cdcfihl nl dulvj lf c`uc. Fjs coustls nl fjs vcfjrl nl pA sl nlmld lblhtucr hjkj trctckildtj nl hajqul, nl pjhj j dcnc sirvl lblhtucr njsiffihchijdls kldjrls c fcs rlhjkldncncs, yc qul dj sl tildl udc dlutrcfizchiød hjkpfltc hjkpfltc y dj sl jmtldnrã jmtldnrã lf pA mushcnj. U]LXLD^CHIØD?  U]LXLD^CHIØD?  Humltc nl

 

 |

\sj y Nlshriphiød nl Urjnuhtjs Gfcrld®

Urjnuhtj ld pjfvj sid hjdtckidchiød. Hjd pA cfhcfidj pcrc sumir lf pA ld fc pishidc. Nl bãhif kcdloj. Lstcmfl ld plrëjnjs fcr`js nl cfkchldckildtj.

Nlsidhrustcdtl y nlsld`rcscdtl. Hflcd Cff Gfcrld®  ls ud lffihildtl nlsidhrustcdtl y nlsld`rcscdtl, qul cyuncrã c kcdtldlr tjncs fcs ãrlcs qul rjnlcd c fc pishidc fimrl nl kcdhacs l

 CUFIHCHIØD NLF NLF U]JN\H^J? Halqul lf pA nlf c`uc, si lstl sl ldhuldtrc nlmcoj nl 0.= c`rl`ul pA + mcsãdnjsl ld fc si`uildtl tcmfc. C`rl`cdnj lstã hcdtincn sl jmtldnrã ud pA nl 0.>.nurcdtl > ars.

idhrustchijdls. Fikpil lfhckcstrjs, gjjf nlhg nl fcsy mcdqultcs, fjs trckpjfidls, lshcflrcs nlkãs.

pa klninj

@rs. pjr hcnc 35k8 (35,555 fts.)

2.=

3,>55 `rs.

2.2

3,355 `rs.

2.1

055 `rs.

0.5

>55 `rs.

Njsiffiqul fc hcdtincn rlhjkldncnc, nistrimuyldnj lf kctlricf ld tjnc lf ãrlc nl fc pishidc, pridhipcfkldtl ld fcs mjquiffcs nl rltjrdj. Kcdtld`c fc vãfvufc ld fc pjsihiød nl ffiftrj, y nlspués nl > ajrcs, hjkj këdikj, cdcfihl nl dulvj lf c`uc. Fjs coustls nl fjs vcfjrl nl pA sl nlmld lblhtucr hjkj trctckildtj nl hajqul, nl pjhj j dcnc sirvl lblhtucr njsiffihchijdls kldjrls c fcs rlhjkldncncs, yc qul dj sl tildl udc dlutrcfizchiød hjkpfltc hjkpfltc y dj sl jmtldnrã jmtldnrã lf pA mushcnj. Ls rlhjkldncmfl qul fc pishidc sl ldhuldtrl nlsjhupcnc cf cpfihcr lf trctckildtj, usl fc pishidc nlspués nl ud tilkpj lstikcnj nl udc ajrc. U]LXLD^CHIJDLX? Humltc nl 0

 

| @fjrcscrij nl ^érkidjs

2. @fjscrij nl ^érkidjs  Ãhinj? Suëkihj qul niskiduyl lf pA nlf c`uc nl fc pishidc.

idnihcd nlsidblhhiød idcnlhucnc.

 Ãhinj hicdÿrihj j isjhicdÿrihj?  isjhicdÿrihj?  Lf lstcmifizcdtl qul

 Cf`ihinc? Urjnuhtj quëkihj qul prlvildl y hjdtrjfc fcs  Cf`ihinc? Urjnuhtj

prjtl`l cf Hfjrj nl fjs rcyjs uftrcvijfltc.  Ãhinj Hfjraënrihj? Hfjraënrihj? Ãhinj  Ãhinj kuy bulrtl pcrc niskiduir lf pA nlf c`uc nl fc pishidc. Xu hjdhldtrchiød? nl 85 c 88%. ^ckmiéd ffckcnj ãhinj kuriãtihj hucdnj sl nifuyl cf =5%. Kcdéolsl hjd huincnj.

cf`cs. Cf`udjs prlvildld tipjs lsplhëffihjs nl cf`cs. lf hrlhikildtj, jtrjs lfikidcd

 Ãhinj aipjmrjkjsj? aipjmrjkjsj? Fc  Fc pcrtl chtivc nlf Mrjkj hucdnj lstl sl klzhfc hjd c`uc. Ls kuy chtivj y ud kc`diffihj nlsidblhtcdtl, nlsidblhtcdt l, nlscbjrtudcnc nlscbjrtudcnckldtl kldtl kuy idlstcmfl  Ãhinj aipjhfjrjsj? Fc pcrtl chtivc nlf Hfjrj hucdnj lstl sl klzhfc hjd c`uc. Ls kuy chtivj y ud kc`dËffihj nlsidblhtcdtl, nlsidblhtcdt l, nlscbjrtudcnc nlscbjrtudcnckldtl kldtl kuy idlstcmfl  Ãhinj kuriãtihj? Rlr kuriãtihj? Rlr ãhinj hfjraënrihj. hfjraënrihj.  Ãhinj slhj? slhj? Bjrkufc  Bjrkufc `rcdufcnc nlf Misufbctj nl sjnij qul ls uscnj pcrc niskiduir lf pA y fc Cfhcfidincn ^jtcf nlf c`uc nl fc pishidc.  C`uc lquifimrcnc? lquifimrcnc?   Fc rlfchiød hjrrlhtc nl kidlrcfls y divlf nl pA qul lvitc qul lf c`uc slc idhrustcdtl j hjrrjsivc. Uishidc idstituhijdcf? Uishidc idstituhijdcf? Uishidc qul lstã cmilrtc sjfckldtl c ud `rupj j hfcsl inldtiffihcmfl nl plrsjdcs, qul pulnld slr auésplnls nl ud ajtlf, rlsinldtls nl ud hjkpfloj nl cpcrtckldtjs y sjhijs nl ud hfum. Uishidc privcnc? \dc privcnc? \dc pishidc cdlxc c udc rlsinldhic nl udc bckific y uscnc sjfckldtl pjr lsc bckific y sus idvitcnjs.

Mchgwcsa?   ]ltrjfcvcnj nl ffiftrj c hjdtrchjrrildtl. Rlr Mchgwcsa? Ldouc`ul c hjdtrchjrrildtl.

Mchtlric? Kihrjjr`cdiskjs hlfufcrls sldhiffjs qul hcuscd idblhhijdls j ldblrklncnls y sjd idtrjnuhinjs cf c`uc nl fc pishidc pjr fjs mcóistcs j lf klnij ckmildtl. Mchtlrihinc?  Urjnuhtj quëkihj qul kctc j lfikidc fcs Mchtlrihinc?  mchtlrics. Mcsl j mãsihj? mãsihj?   Urjnuhtj quëkihj qul dlutrcfizc fjs ãhinjs, usucfkldtl klnicdtl lf sukidistrj nl ijdls ainrjxifjs. ^ckmiéd ffckcnj cfhcfidj. MHNKA? Mrjkj Hfjrj Ni Kltif Aincdtjidc. Hjkpulstj jr`ãdihj mrjkcnj hjd lxhlfldtl pjnlr nlsidblhtcdtl, nislócnj pcrc cpfihchijdls ld pishidcs idtlrijrls y spcs. Hukpfl hjd fc DJK-=>1

 

@fjrcscrij nl ^érkidjs 

Hfcrincn? ^lrkidj utifizcnj pcrc nlshrimir fc hristcfidincn Hfcrincn? ^lrkidj nlf c`uc nl fc pishidc. Hjdtrcrij c turminlz. Hfjrcnjr cutjkãtihj?  cutjkãtihj?  Lquipj utifizcnj pcrc rlcfizcr hfjrchiød hjdtiduc hucdnj sl rlcfizc lf prjhlsj nl ffiftrchiød, utifizc tcmfltcs nl ^rihfjrj nl 3 ø 8‛. Huldtc hjd udc vãfvufc qul hjdtrjfc fc njsiffihchiød nlf Hfjrj y lxistld nl tckcójs, nlpldnildnj ldnj nlf vjfukld nl c`uc nl niblrldtls fc pishidc. tckcójs, Hfjrcnjr ﬍jtcdtl?  ﬍jtcdtl?  Lquipj qul rlcfizc fc hfjrchiød nlf c`uc pjr klnij nl fc nisjfuhiød nl fcs tcmfltcs 3 ø 8‛ nl  ^rihfjrj nlpjsitcncs ld su idtlrijr, fc njsiffihchiød ls budhiød nl fc cmlrturc nl fc pcrtl idblrijr nlf lquipj. Hfjrckidcs?  Ffckcnj tckmiéd Hfjrj hjkmidcnj (HH). Hfjrckidcs?  Hjkpulstjs bjrkcnjs hucdnj lf Hfjrj sl hjkmidc hjd fjs hjdtckidcdtlss qul hjdtildld ditrø`ldj, tcfls hjkj sunjr, hjdtckidcdtl jridc, kctlric jr`ãdihc y fcs `rcscs hjrpjrcfls. Hcuscd irritchiød ld fjs jojs y ld fc pilf, csë hjkj ud bulrtl jfjr c Hfjrj ld lf ãrlc nl fc pishidc. Hfjrj?  Urjnuhtj quëkihj utifizcnj hjd kcyjr brlhuldhic Hfjrj?  pcrc fc nlsidblhhiød nlf c`uc nl fc pishidc. Xl ldhuldtrc nispjdimfl ld vcrics bjrkcs y hjdhldtrchijd hjdhldtrchijdls. ls. Hfjrj nispjdimfl? Xl nispjdimfl? Xl nldjkidc tckmiéd Hfjrj fimrl. Ls fc bjrkc kãs chtivc nlf Hfjrj qul sl ldhuldtrc nispjdimfl pcrc chtucr kctcdnj mchtlrics y cf`cs. Hfjrj jr`ãdihj?  jr`ãdihj?  Ls udc bjrkc nl Hfjrj lstcmifizcnj, uscnj pcrc kcdtldlr fjs divlfls nl Hfjrj ld lf c`uc nl fc pishidc y prlvildl fc nisipchiød nlf Hfjrj pjr chhiød nl fjs rcyjs sjfcrls.

|

jxincr j lfikidcr tjnjs fjs nlsidblhtcdtls jr`ãdihjs nlf c`uc nl fc pishidc, tcfls hjkj sunjr, jridc mchtlrics, cf`cs y kctlric jr`ãdihc. Nlslhajs jr`ãdihjs?  jr`ãdihjs?  Hjdtckidcdtls hjkj lf sunj, jridc, scfivc, scfivc, chlitls chlitls mrjdhlcnjrls, hjskétihjs, lth., qul fjs mcóistcs idtrjnuhld cf c`uc nl fc pishidc, tckmiéd prjvildl nl ajocs nl ãrmjfls j ãrlcs nl kuhaj pjfvj. Nlsdctcnjr?   Nispjsitivj pcrc fc lfikidchiød nl `rcsc, Nlsdctcnjr? ajocs y pcrtëhufcs ﬍jtcdtls nl fc suplrffihil nl fc pishidc. NUN 3, NUN 8?  8?  ]lchtivjs utifizcnjs pcrc rlcfizcr fcs prulmcs nl Hfjrj nlf c`uc nl fc pishidc, nltlrkidcdnj priklrj fc hcdtincn nl Hfjrj nispjdimfl y nlspués lf Hfjrj ^jtcf. Fc niblrldhic nl lstjs rlsuftcnjs djs prjpjrhijdc fc hcdtincn nl Hfjrj hjdtckidcnj (Hfjrckidcs). Nurlzc nl hcfhij? Fc hcdtincn nl scfls nl hcfhij nisulftcs ld lf c`uc, hcdtincnls kcyjrls c >55 ppk prjvjhcd qul lf c`uc sl tjrdl turmic y sl prlsldtl fc bjrkchiød nl idhrustchijdls ld bjdnj y pcrlnls nl fc pishidc, csë hjkj ld tumlrëcs y lquipjs. Ldouc`ul c hjdtrchjrrildtl? hjdtrchjrrildtl? Lf prjhlsj nl fikpilzc nl nlf klnij ffiftrcdtl nl ud ffiftrj nl pishidc idvirtildnj lf ﬍uoj nlf c`uc. Ffckcnj tckmiéd rltrjfcvcnj j Mchgwcsa. Lstcmifizcdtl?  Hjkpulstj qul sl ldhuldtrc idtl`rcnj Lstcmifizcdtl?  ld fc bjrkufc nl fjs prjnuhtjs hfjrcnjs jr`ãdihjs qul lvitcd fc nisipchiød nlf Hfjrj pjr chhiød nl fjs rcyjs sjfcrls. Ffckcnj tckmiéd ãhinj hicdÿrihj.

Hfjrj rlsinucf? rlsinucf? Fc  Fc hcdtincn nl Hfjrj rlkcdldtl nlspués

Biftrj? Lquipj qul rlkulvl fjs søfinjs suspldninjs ld lf Biftrj? Lquipj c`uc nl fc pishidc, pjr rlhirhufchiød nl fc kiskc c trcvés

nl fc nlkcdnc nl Hfjrj ac sinj sctisblhac, lfikidcdnj pjrqul klnij nl nlsidblhhiød y jxinchiød tjnjs fjs hjdtckidcdtlss nlf c`uc. I`ucf qul Hfjrj nispjdimfl j Hfjrj hjdtckidcdtl fimrl.

nl ud kctlricf pjrjsj j klnij ffiftrcdtl. Biftrj nl Crldc?  Crldc?  Biftrj qul utifizc crldc sëfihc hjkj klnij ffiftrcdtl.

Hfjrj ^jtcf? Ls ^jtcf? Ls fc sukc nlf Hfjrj fimrl (nispjdimfl) kãs lf Hfjrj hjkmidcnj (Hfjrckidcs). jrckidcs). Lstl ls lf qul qul sl nltlhtc nltlhtc ld lf git djrkcf nl cdãfisis, (njs pcsjs). Ucrc ud klojr cdãfisis usl lf U]J 33, si`c fcs idnihchijdl idnihchijdls. s.

Biftrj nl Hcrtuhaj? Biftrj nl pishidc qul utifizc ud Hcrtuhaj alhaj nl ud kctlricf sikifcr cf pcplf j tlfc lsplhicf pcrc lstl ffid.

Hjfibjrkl? Mchtlric qul sl ldhuldtrc ld fjs idtlstidjs y Hjfibjrkl? Mchtlric ld fc kctlric blhcf nl fjs cdikcfls nl scd`rl hcfildtl, idhfuyldnj fjs aukcdjs. Xu nltlhhiød ld lf c`uc idnihc fc prlsldhic nl mchtlrics hcuscdtls nl ldblrklncnls. Hjrrjsiød? Hjrrjsiød?   Hcuscnc pjr usucfkldtl c`uc bulrcnlminj nl cmcfcdhl, nlslquifimrcnc y hjrrjsivc, ud pA mcoj y c`uc kuy mfcdnc j sucvl. Nlkcdnc nl Hfjrj? Hfjrj? Fc  Fc hcdtincn nl Hfjrj dlhlscric pcrc

Biftrj nl ^ilrrc nictjkitc? \tifizc nictjkitc? \tifizc hjkj klnij ffiftrcdtl ud rlvlstikildtj ffidj nl ^ilrrc nictjklc sjmrl ud tloinj pjrjsj, lstl klnij sl rlkpfczc ld hcnc rltrjfcvcnj. Bfjhufcdtl?  Hjkpulstj Bfjhufcdtl?  utifizcnj pcrc lfikidcr hjdnihijdls nl turminlz y c`uc vlrnl ld fcs pishidcs pjr klnij nrldcol.nl fc prlhipitchiød, cspircdnj pjstlrijrkldtl c Idhrustchijdls?  Nlpøsitjs kidlrcfls (Hcrmjdctj nl Idhrustchijdls?  Hcfhij) bjrkcnjs sjmrl fc suplrffihil suplrffihil nl fc pishidc, pishidc,

>9

 

| @fjrcscrij nl ^érkidjs idtlrijrls nl fc tumlrëc y ffiftrjs hjkj rlsuftcnj nl cftc nurlzc nl hcfhij y cftj divlf nl pA. \d hjrrlhtj mcfcdhl nlf c`uc prlvildl fc idhrustchiød. Ëdnihl nl Xcturchiød? Xcturchiød?   Hãfhufj kctlkãtihj ld fc idtlrrlfchiød ldtrl fc tlkplrcturc, fc nurlzc hãfhihc,  Cfhcfidincn ^jtcf y lf pA nlf c`uc c`uc nl fc pishidc. pishidc. Urlnihl Urlnihl si lf c`uc nl fc Hjdjhinj pishidc tildl udc hjdnihiød tl j inlcf. tckmiéd Ëdnihl nlhjrrjsivc, Fcd`lfilr.idhrustcdDJK-=>7 lf pA nl 0.5 ls dlutrj. Rcfjrls nl pA nlmcoj nl 0.5 sjd ãhinjs y crrimc nl 0.5 sjd mãsihjs j cfhcfidjs. Lf rcd`j nl pA rlhjkldncnj pcrc lf c`uc nl fc pishidc ls nl 0.= c 0.2. ppk? Xl nlffidl hjkj pcrtls pjr kiffød. Xl hjdsinlrc udc ppk? Xl udincn nl hjdhldtrchiød, ld fc qul ls klninc fc hcdtincn nl udc sustcdhic ld lf c`uc, ls nlhir, fc hcdtincn ld kifi`rckjs nl Hfjrj pjr fitrj nl c`uc, y ld klnincs kcyjrls ld `rckjs nl Hfjrj ld ud kltrj hÿmihj nl c`uc. ]joj bldjf? ]lchtivj uscnj ld fjs lquipjs nl prulmc pcrc nltlrkidcr lf pA nlf c`uc ld udc lshcfc nl 2.1 y 1.>. Xl tjrdc ud hjfjr rjoj kãs jshurj hjdbjrkl sl idhrlkldtc su vcfjr. Xcditizcdtl? \d Xcditizcdtl?  \d hjkpulstj quëkihj hjkj fjs ls lf ^rihfjrj j hucfquilr prjnuhtj hfjrcnj, qul nlsidblhtc (kctcdnj mchtlrics, cf`cs) y jxincdnj fc kctlric jr`ãdihc. jr `ãdihc. Xøfinjs ^jtcfls Nisulftjs (^NX)? Lf (^NX)? Lf ^jtcf nl kctlricfls nisulftjs ld lf c`uc. Lf vcfjr djrkcf nl lstl pcrãkltrj ls ld cfrlnlnjr nl 255 ppk. \d ^NX cftj, crrimc nl =555 ppk, hcusc udc lffihildhic pjmrl ld lf scditizcdtl, c`uc turmic y kcf jfjr. Xistlkc nl rlhirhufchiød? ^jnj rlhirhufchiød?  ^jnj lf sistlkc nl tumlrëcs, mjkmc. Biftrj, lth. uscnj pcrc hirhufcr lf c`uc nl fc pishidc. Xuplrhfjrchiød? Urjhlnikildtj klnicdtl lf hucf sl cócnl Xuplrhfjrchiød? Urjhlnikildtj udc njsis si`diffihctivc (8 ø > vlhls) nl Hfjrj, pcrc nlstruir lxhlsjs nl kctlric jr`ãdihc y Hfjrckidcs. ^ilrrc Nictjkãhlc? Xustcdhic sikifcr cf pjfvj alhaj nl

 

08.31 kf

3 pil ; 3= puf`cncs

3 kltrj ; 3,555 kk

3 @cfød ; 1.88 fimrcs

3 tcmflspjjds ; 3>.09 kf

3 ycrnc ; 8 pils

3 kltrj ; 355 hk

3 @cfød ; > qucrts (hucrtjs)

3 tlcspjds ; >.98 kf

3 ycrnc ; 93.>> ; 93.>> hk

3 kihrc ; 5.553 kk

3 Hup (tczc) ; =82.2.8< kf

3 fitrj ; 3,555 kf

3 kltrj ; 89.80 puf`cncs

3 kiffc ; 3.259 giføkltrjs

Hjdvlrsijdls `ldlrcfls 3 pil¸ ; 0.< `cfjdls

3 GP ; 8,>3> puf`cncs½

3 GP ; 3.8>3 AU

 µB (Bcarldalit) c µH (Hlfsius) µH; (µB ‘ 8=) ð3.1

µH (Hlfsius) c µB (Bcarldalit) µB; (µH x 3.1) + 8=

3 id nl A` ; 5.>93 ; 5.>93 fm/id½

M^\’s hjdtrc idhrlkldtj nl tlkplrcturc.

3 fm/id½ ; 2.19 gpcshcfls  

M^\ ; @cfjdls x 1.88 x idhrlkldtj ld fc tlkplrcturc ld µB