Presentation - Elevator 101

Elevator Technology Where it’s been. Where it’s going.

Dedicated to People Flow

TM

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Elevator Technology

Learning objectives: ● Elevator history ● Conventional elevator technology ● Technological advances ● MRL cost & space savings, and sustainability benefits ● Future trends

Elevator Technology

Worldwide,

1.37 billion people ride on elevators each day.

“The biggest assets of companies go up and down elevators every day.” – Famous adage

Elevator Technology

Why is elevator knowledge important to you? Because it is essential to ensure efficient people flow in the buildings architects design.

Elevator Technology

Elevator history

Elevator Technology

The first elevator may have been built by Archimedes in 236 B.C.

Elevator Technology

A treadmill hoisting machine, powered by donkeys, appeared in 1203.

Elevator Technology

In 1823, an “ascending room” provided paying visitors with a wonderful view of London. Elevator Technology

Primitive steam-powered cable and hydraulic elevators appeared around 1850. Elevator Technology

Gearless

400' and above.

300'

Geared

Rise/Travel

200'

100'

60'

Roped

Holed

40' Holeless

20'

0'

Hydraulic Elevators

Geared Traction Elevators

Elevator Technology 1950 – mid 1990s

Gearless Traction Elevators

Elevator Technology

Conventional Elevator Technology

Elevator Technology

Hydraulic Applications

Three configurations: 1) Direct Plunger ● Holed 2) Roped Plunger ● Roped ● Underslung 3) Holeless (not pictured) Elevator Technology

Traction Applications

Traction Configurations 1)Overhead 2) Basement 3) Underslung

Elevator Technology

Hydraulic vs. Traction Advantages: ● Cost less to install ● Shorter lead-times ● No reactions at the top of the structure

Drawbacks: ● Higher noise level ● Slow speeds ● Poor ride quality ● High energy consumption ● Environmental concerns – significant use of hydraulic oil

Elevator Technology

Traction vs. Hydraulic

Advantages: ● Higher speeds ● Greater rise ● Smoother ride quality

Drawbacks: ● Higher installation cost ● Longer lead times ● Longer installation ● Significant loads on top of structure ● Penthouse requirements ● Critical path

Elevator Technology

A Technological Breakthrough in 1996 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) ● Saves energy ● Eliminates traditional machine room ● Eliminates hydraulic oil ● Simplifies installation ● Sustainable ownership

Elevator Technology

Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) and Variable Voltage, Variable Frequency Drive (VVVF)

● Reduces motor size and weight ● Reduces energy consumption and heat output ● New motor/drive technology enabled the creation of “Machine Room-Less (MRL) elevator solutions.

Elevator Technology

Saving Energy ● AC Gearless PMSM Technology - +93% efficient - 50-70% less energy than traditional traction or hydraulic machine technology - 6.7 hp vs. 40-60 hp ● Reduced Starting Current Demand - 30-40% less energy than traditional hydraulic or traction

Elevator Technology

Savings Comparison - Traction Commercial Elevator, seven landings, 60’ of rise, $0.15 kWh annual energy savings ● Traditional Geared - 32,919 kWh/year - $4,938 a year ● PMSM Technology - 14,476 kWh/year - $2,171 a year Assuming a useful life of 30 years, that’s a lifetime savings of $83,010 – enough for a new Lexus LX 570 SUV

Elevator Technology

Savings Comparison - Hydraulic Commercial Elevator, five landings, 48’ of rise, $0.15 kWh annual energy savings ● Hydraulic - 47,551 kWh/year - $7,133 a year ● PMSM Technology - 11,837 kWh/year - $1,775 a year

Assuming a useful life of 30 years, that’s a lifetime savings of $160,740 – enough for a 2009 Porsche 911 S Coupe

Elevator Technology

Saving Space PMSM Technology enabled Machine Room-Less (MRL) elevators. ● Money saved by eliminating a machine room can be used to build additional rental space ● Give architects more creative freedom of design

Elevator Technology

Saving Space Configurations 1. Overhead-Mounted Hoist Machine 2. Pit-Mounted Hoist Machine 3. Car Rail-Mounted Hoist Machine (most common)

Elevator Technology

Saving Space ● Control Closet - Saves space and eliminates a full “machine room” ● Configuration - Integral - Adjacent

Elevator Technology

Eliminating Oil ● Oil in traditional elevator technology - Lubricate machine - Hydraulic motion ● The average hydraulic elevator uses approximately 300 gallons of oil over it’s lifetime. Elevator Technology

MRLs end the mess that threatens ground water.

Elevator Technology

Installation Benefits ● Mechanics have superior control over their work environment ● Hoisting procedures are visible and under control

Elevator Technology

Installation Benefits ● Reduces Project Management Interfaces - No drilling well holes - No waterproofing pits - No coordinating cranes - No structural machine room slab

Elevator Technology

Installation Benefits ● Reduced costs - Structural machine room not required - Maintenance and access is improved - No additional costs for penthouse or access to penthouse ● Stairwells ● Lighting

Elevator Technology

2-10% of the world’s commercial building energy consumption is attributed to elevators VERY IMPORTANT ● There are NO LEED certified elevators ● An elevator CANNOT GIVE you, the Customer, LEED project points ● LEED contribution is possible in the areas of EA (Energy & Atmosphere), ID (Innovation & Design) and compliant with EQ low emitting materials

Elevator Technology

Sustainable Ownership ● Buildings account for 40% of the world’s energy consumption ● Elevators account for 2-10% of that 40% ● Over the lifetime of a new elevator the energy savings can amount to more than the initial cost of the equipment ● In high traffic applications, 30-40% of energy consumed can be recovered through regenerative systems ● In low traffic applications, the energy used while sitting idle (standby energy) can mount up to 70-80% of the total energy consumed

Elevator Technology

Gearless

400' and above.

300'

Geared Gearles MRL

Rise/Travel

200'

100'

60'

Roped

Holed

40' Holeless

20'

0'

Hydraulic Elevators

Geared Traction Elevators

Elevator Technology 1996 - Today

Gearless Traction Elevators

Machine-room-less

Elevator Technology

The Future Belongs to MRL Elevators Architects are increasingly turning to MRLs, as hydraulic elevators begin to disappear. ● Saves energy ● Saves space ● Eliminate hydraulic oil ● Simplifies installation ● Sustainable ownership

Elevator Technology

Technology Advances

● Regeneration ● Sleeping Elevators ● Solar Powered Elevators

Elevator Technology

“I see hydraulic elevators diminishing within the next 5-10 years. The new technology will become greener and won’t require external power. Also, people don’t want to drill in the ground to accommodate a hydraulic elevator.“ -Barry Pletch, CEO Thyssen Krupp Elevator Technology

Questions and Answers

KONE is a Registered Provider with the A.I.A. Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned will be reported and Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available upon request. Take-home materials are also available.

Dedicated to People Flow

TM