Potestades Administrativas

 

^KF\N_TFCBC CN I_FNKSN

LBD^JSBC CN DFNKDFBT G^_FCFDBT JFDNKDFBS^_B NK DFNKDFBT G^_FCFDBT

SNHB7 QISNTSBCNT BCHFKFTS_BSF\BT DBSNC_B7 CN_NDEI BCHFKFTS_BSF\I DBSNC_BSFDB JFDCB. BKMNJFDB HB_FB TITB DFDJI7 FF-?1?2 NTS^CFBKSN7 TB_B TSNQEBKV M_BKBCIT MB_DFB

TBK HFM^NJ 14 CN CFDFNHO_N CN ?1?2.

 

IOGNSF\IT

IOGNSF\I MNKN_BJ Cnsdrfofr cn hbknrb djbrb y prndfsb nk quæ diksfstnk jbs Qitnstbcns Bchfkfstrbtfvbs cnj Nstbci, fcnktflfdbr su kbturbjnzb gurècfdb y dbrbdtnrèstfdbs, bsè dihi nstbojndnr su lukcbhnkti nk jb jnmfsjbdfôk sbjvbcirnòb.

IOGNSF\I NTQNDFLFDI Tfktntfzbr jb djbsflfdbdfôk cn jbs Qitnstbcns Bchfkfstrbtfv Bchfkfstrbtfvbs bs cnj Nstbci.

 

FKS_IC^DDFÔK Cnktri cn jb nslnrb cnj Cnrndei Q÷ojfdi, nj Cnrndei Bchfkfstrbtfvi ns ukb cn sus rbhbs qun supikn uk mrbk k÷hnri cn fkstftudfikns gurècfdbs qun sik kndnsbrfbs cn nstucfbr b likci, bsuktis qun jb cidtrfkb hudebs vndns eb trbèci b cfsdusfôk y rnsujtb fktnrnsbktn sbdbr dikdjusfikns bj rnspndti cn tnhbs dihi nj prfkdfpfi cn jnmbjfcbc, jb bdtubdfôk cn jb Bchfkfstrbdfôk Q÷ojfdb qun sn obsb nk jbs pitnstbcns bchfkfstrbtfvbs, tnhbs qun sfk cucb eby qun trbnr b dijbdfôk. Jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb ns ukb irmbkfzbdfôk b jb qun dirrnspikcn sbtfslbdnr jis fktnrnsns mnknrbjns cn sus rnspndtfvbs dihukfcbcns, nk nj rnlnrnktn ditfcfbki cn jb piojbdfôk pbrb nvbjubr nj lukdfikbhfnkti y jb nlndtfvfcbc cnj ræmfhnk cnhidrâtfdi, yb qun rnvfstn cn mrbk fhpirtbkdfb pbrb jb jnmftfhfcbc cn æstn. Nk nsn snktfci, pbrb hbktnknr y prilukcfzbr jb cnhidrbdfb, cnon piknrsn btnkdfôk ki siji b jbs cnhbkcbs cn jb piojbdfôk, dikvfrtfækcijbs nk bddfikns y cndfsfikns irfnktbcbs b sbtfslbdnrjbs, sfki tbhofæk bj  lukdfikbhfnkti cn jbs irmbkfzbdfikns qun sn nkdbrmbk cn hbtnrfbjfzbr n fkcfvfcubjfzbr cfdebs cnhbkcbs pbrb sbtfslbdnrjbs dikdrntb y nlndtfvbhnktn, nk nj qun jb jnmftfhfcbc cn bddfôk cn jbs fkstftudfikns cnj Nstbci puncb punc b vnrsn cnscn su bdtubdfôk bdtub dfôk cnktri cn jbs kirhbs cnhidrâtfdi-dikstftudfikbjns ebstb su dbpbdfcbc cn rnspikcnr b jbs cnhbkcbs cn jb piojbdfôk cnktri cn su âhofti cn bdtubdfôk7 snmurfcbc, gustfdfb, sbjuc, nhpjni, nktrn itrbs. Qir hncfi cnj prfkdfpfi cn jnmbjfcbc sn btrfouynk dihpntnkdfbs y lbdujtbcns cnktri cn jbs dubjns sn nkhbrdb jb bdtubdfôk cn jb Bchfkfstrbdfôk Q÷ojfdb. Qbrb nsb bdtubdfôk jb Bchfkfstrbdfôk Q÷ojfdb tfnkn pitnstbcns qun sn nkdunktrbk prnvfbhnktn nstbojndfcbs nk jb jny y qun ebofjftbk bj lukdfikbrfi p÷ojfdi pbrb ngnrdnr jis bdtis tnkcfnktns b mbrbktfzbr uk Nstbci qun midn cn snmurfcbc gurècfdb y cn fmubjcbc cn ticis bktn jb Jny.  Qir ji qun nj  prnsnktn rnpirtn bdbcæhfdi sn nklidb nk cntnrhfkbr y ebdnr ukb vbjirbdfôk cn jbs pitnstbcns cnj Cnrndei Bchfkfstrbtfvi qun sfrvnk cn fkstruhnkti pbrb hngirbr jb nlndtfvfcbc nk jbs lukdfikns bchfkfstrbtfvbs cnj Nstbci ebdfb nj duhpjfhfnkti cn su lfkbjfcbc dikstftudfikbj, bpiybci nk jb cidtrfkb, jb gurfsprucnkdfb y nk jb jnmfsjbdfôk vfmnktn.

 

NJ CN_NDEI BCHFKFTS_BSF\I Nk nj Cnrndei Bchfkfstrbtfvi sn ebdn prndfsi hâs qun nk itrbs cfsdfpjfkbs cfsd fpjfkbs bkbjfzbr nj snktfci cn uk ounk k÷hnri cn dikdnptis trbtbcis nk nj Cnrndei Dfvfj, qun lirhbk pbrtn rnbjhnktn cn jb tnirèb mnknrbj cnj cnrndei i nk su dbsi cnj sfstnhb cn lunktns. Qir ji qun cidtrfkbrfbhnktn sn diksfcnrb ukb rbhb cnj Cnrndei Q÷ojfdi Fktnrki qun nstâ dihpunsti pir kirhbs gurècfdbs qun rnmujbk jb bdtfvfcbc bchfkfstrbtfvb cnj Qicnr Ngndutfvi y nj Qicnr Jnmfsjbtfvi y cn jis nktns p÷ojfdis nstbtbjns y ki nstbtbjns. Tfk nhobrmi, btrnvnrsn b cbr ukb cnlfkfdfôk bdnrtbcb ns brrfnsmbci, nk dubkti bj nkirhn d÷huji cn dikidfhfnktis cn cfvnrsis jnmfsjbcirns, cidtrfkbrfis y gurfstbs, qufnkns ji ebk cnlfkfci cn cfstfktbs lirhbs. Cn tbj hbknrb qun sn prnsnktbk cnlfkfdfikns prfhbrfbs pr fhbrfbs pir hncfi cn jbs dubjns sn pjbshb nstn fhpirtbktn dikdnpti. Dftbkci bj prilnsir nspbòij Tbktfbmi Huòiz Hbdebci qun snòbjb7 ‚Tn eb cfdei dik bjmukb lrndunkdfb qun ns cflèdfj nkdiktrbr ukb cfsdfpjfkb dfnktèlfdb nk jb qun, dihi nk nj Cnrndei Bchfkfstrbtfvi, nj tnhb cnj dikdnpti sn ebyb rnsfstfci hâs b ukb dihprnsfôk pbdèlfdb pir  pbrtn cn jis butirns‘ (Huòiz Hbdebci, 26==)

Qbrb butirns dihi Mbstôk Gnzæ, _imnrc Oikbrc y Jnôk Cumuft Cumu ft (lrbkdnsns), eby difkdfcnkdfbs nk dikdnofr nj Cnrndei Bchfkfstrbtfvi dihi nj dikgukti cn kirhbs gurècfdbs qun irmbkfzbk jb prnstbdfôk y nj diktrij cn jis snrvfdfis. (Mbrdèb Enrrnris, 2663). Jis butirns hnxfdbkis Mbofki Lrbmb y Bkcræs Tnrrb _igbs (Hbrtèknz, 266=), cnsbrrijjbk dikdnptis cnj Cnrndei Bchfkfstrbtfvi, qun ns kndnsbrfi rnsbjtbr vbrfis cn sus pistujbcis7 Tnm÷k Lrbmb, Cnrndei Bchfkfstrbtfvi ns7 ‚jb  rbhb cnj Cnrndei Q÷ojfdi, qun rnmujb jb

bdtfvfcbc cnj Nstbci qun sn rnbjfzb nk lirhb cn lukdfôk bc hfkfstrbtfvb‘. (Lrbmb, 265, nstb sugndfôk sfmkflfdb qun jis nktns qun jb brtfdujbk, nk nj ngnrdfdfi cn jb lukdfôk bchfkfstrbtfvb ki pisnnk hâs pitnstbcns qun jbs qun jb jny nxprnsbhnktn jns rndikidn.

 

QISNTSBCNT BCHFKFTS_BSF\BT Nj tærhfki ‚pitnstbc‘ cnrfvb cnj jbtèk ‚ pitnstbs‘, ‚ pitnstbtfs‘, duyb rbèz ns ‚ pit ‘ y sfmkflfdb

 picnr, picnrèi, pitnkdfb, lbdujtbc, sionrbkèb, pitnstbc. pi tnstbc. Jb pitnstbc ns uk picnr itirmbci pir nj ircnkbhfnkti gurècfdi cn bjdbkdn jfhftbci i hncfci  pbrb ukb lfkbjfcbc prncntnrhfkbcb pir jb pripfb kirhb qun jb btrfouyn y susdnptfojn cn diktrij pir jis trfoukbjns. Ki supikn, nk kfkm÷k dbsi, uk picnr cn bddfôk jforn snm÷k jb vijuktbc cn qufnk ji ngnrdn, sfki uk picnr jfhftbci y diktrijbojn. (Dbrhikb, ?115) Jbs pitnstbcns bchfkfstrbtfvbs ebk sfci dikdnofcbs pir jb cidtrfkb, nk sus fkfdfis dihi cnrndeis suogntfvis cn jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns p÷ojfdbs. Dikdnpdfôk qun nk diksndunkdfb, itirmbob b jb pitnstbc uk snktfci pbtrfhikfbj pir nj qun jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns p÷ojfdbs picrèbk cfspiknr cn njjbs dik jb hfshb jfonrtbc qun jis pbrtfdujbrns usbk cn sus cnrndeis. B÷k suosfstn nk dfnrti hici nstb dikdnpdfôk dubkci cfsdrndfikbjfcbc y broftrbrfncbc sn diklukcnk. Nstis picnrns sfk nhobrmi, ki sik cnrndeis suogntfvis cn jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns b jbs qun sn btrfouynk, sfki qun lirhbk pbrtn cnj cnrndei iogntfvi y dikstftuynk uk ngnrdfdfi iojfmbtirfi pbrb njjbs. Lrnktn b jbs pitnstbcns jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns p÷ojfdbs ki mizbk cn lbdujtbcns cn cfspisfdfôk, sfki qun sn nkdunktrbk bktn uk cnonr qun sn eb cn duhpjfr dubkci sn cbk jis prnsupunstis jnmbjns qun cntnrhfkbk su ngnrdfdfi. Jb vfsfôk cn jb pitnstbc dihi uk cnrndei cn jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns p÷ojfdbs ns piorn, dikstftuyn ukb priynddfôk cnj hukci dfvfj, fkbcndubci pbrb nj Cnrndei Q÷ojfdi i nk su dbsi ukb vfsfôk cnsvfbcb pir jis pijètfdis i dbrmis p÷ojfdis. (Qbjbsè, 266?) Jb pitnstbc ns uk picnr itirmbci pir nj ircnkbhfnkti gurècfdi cn bjdbkdn jfhftbci i hncfi  pbrb ukb lfkbjfcbc prncntnrhfkbcb pir jb pripfb kirhb qun jn btrfouyn y jb dubj ns susdnptfojn cn diktrij pir jis trfoukbjns. Ki supikn nk kfkm÷k dbsi, uk picnr cn bddfôk jforn snm÷k jb vijuktbc cn qufnk ji ngnrdn, sfki uk picnr jfhftbci y diktrijbojn.

Cfstfktis dikdnptis cn Qitnstbc Bchfkfstrbtfvb Jbs pitnstbcns bchfkfstrbtfvbs sn cnlfknk dihi7 Qicnrns qun jb jny diklfnrn cfrndtbhnktn b jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns p÷ojfdbs y qun jbs lbdujtbk pbrb rnbjfzbr lfkns cn fktnræs mnknrbj i  p÷ojfdi. Nstis picnrns qun jns sik itirmbcis jbs sft÷bk nk ukb pisfdfôk cn suprnhbdèb y cn  prnrrimbtfvb, qun bcnhâs, jbs lbdujtb pbrb dikstftufr, hicflfdbr i nxtfkmufr sftubdfikns

 

 gurècfdbs y cn qun sik tftujbrns bdtfvis jis bchfkfstrbcis0 fhpikfækcijns iojfmbdfikns y sftubdfikns gurècfdbs, cn lirhb ukfjbtnrbj n fkdjusi sfk diktbr dik su vijuktbc i diksnktfhfnkti, bukqun nstæ sugnti bj ircnkbhfnkti gurècfdi y ngndutfvi.

Cidtrfkbrfbhnktn sn cnlfkn jb pitnstbc bchfkfstrbtfvb dihi uk picnr gurècfdi ukfjbtnrbj qun nj ircnkbhfnkti rndikidn b jb bchfkfstrbdfôk pbrb jb sbtfslbddfôk cnj fktnræs mnknrbj, sihntfnkci su ngnrdfdfi b jb jny y bj diktrij gucfdfbj. Nk nsn snktfci, jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb kndnsftb cn cfspiknr cn jis hncfis gurècfdis dirrnspikcfnktns, pbrb cnsbrrijjbr su bdtfvfcbc y jimrbrjis lfkns pnrsnmufcis dik njji.

DB_BDSN_FTSFDBT CN JBT QISNTSBCNT BCHFKFTS_BSF\BT Jbs pitnstbcns cn jb bchfkfstrbdfôk sn dbrbdtnrfzbk pir ngnrdnrsn nk fktnræs cn itri, nsti ns, ki cn qufnk ji ngnrdn sfki cnj fktnræs p÷ojfdi i mnknrbj. Tus dbrbdtnrèstfdbs prfkdfpbjns sik7 b) 

Tn trbtb cn picnrns rnmujbcis pir jb jny y pir njji ki dbon ijvfcbr qun jbs  pitnstbcns bchfkfstrbtfvbs nstâk sugntbs bj prfkdfpfi cn jnmbjfcbc pripfi cn kunstri Nstbci cn Cnrndei0

 o) 

Nstbs lbdujtbcns itirmbcbs b jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns p÷ojfdbs sôji puncnk snr ngnrdfcbs pbrb jb pnrsndudfôk cnj fktnræs p÷ojfdi y nk kfkm÷k dbsi nj fktnræs ppripfi ripfi

d) 

i prfvbtfvi cn jb pripfb bchfkfstrbdfôk0 Tik rndikidfcbs cfrndtbhnktn pir nj ircnkbhfnkti gurècfdi. Tik jbs kirhbs jbs qun cfdnk ji qun jb bchfkfstrbdfôk puncn y cnon ebdnr nk dbcb dbsi0

c) 

Tik ukfjbtnrbjns, jb bchfkfstrbdfôk jbs ngnrdn sfk kndnsfcbc cn qun nj cnstfkbtbrfi cn su bdtubdfôk nstn cn bdunrci dik njji0

n) 

Quncnk snr ngnrdfcbs fkcnlfkfcbhnktn hfnktrbs qun su rndikidfhfnkti ki cnsbpbrnzdb cnj ircnkbhfnkti gurècfdi0 

l) 

Tn nkdunktrbk nk ukb sftubdfôk cn sugndfôk mnknrbj0

 

m) 

Cn su ngnrdfdfi rnsujtbk bdtis bchfkfstrbtfvis dikdrntis, qun puncnk cbr jumbr b ukb hngirb, nhpnirbhfnkti i snrjns fkcflnrnktns b jis pbrtfdujbrns0

e) 

Nj ngnrdfdfi cn jbs pitnstbcns bchfkfstrbtfvbs nstâ sugnti b diktrij gucfdfbj,  pucfnkci snr fhpumkbcis sus bdtis cn bpjfdbdfôk bktn jis trfoukbjns cn gustfdfb0

f) 

Ns uk picnr itirmbci pir nj ircnkbhfnkti gurècfdi, puns ns jb kirhb gurècfdb jb qun btrfouyn jfhftbcb y dikdrntbhnktn ukb pitnstbc0

 g) 

Nj picnr qun fhpjfdb jb pitnstbc nstâ jfmbci b uk lfk. Njji sfmkflfdb pir ukb pbrtn qun jbs pitnstbcns nstâk bsidfbcbs b lfk cnlfkfci cnl fkfci pir nj jnmfsjbcir y pir itrb pbrtn, p brtn, qun jbs pitnstbcns sn itirmbk pbrb duhpjfr uk lfk bgnki bj fktnræs cnj tftujbr0

`) 

Jis dfucbcbkis nstâk iojfmbcis b sipirtbr jis nlndtis cn jb pitnstbc nk su nslnrb  gurècfdb. Dihi diktrbpbrtfcb b nstb sugndfôk, pbrb nj dfucbcbki dfucbcbki jbs pitnstbcns sik jfhftbcbs, cnonk rnspntbr sus cnrndeis y su ngnrdfdfi ns susdnptfojn cn fhpumkbdfôk gucfdfbj, y

j) 

Nj ngnrdfdfi cn ticb pitnstbc cnon nstbr rnspbjcbci pir jb vnrflfdbdfôk cnj supunsti cn endei cn jb kirhb qun sn bpjfdb.

DJBTFLFDBDFIK CN QISNTSBCNT BCHFKFTS_BSF\BT Jbs pitnstbcns bchfkfstrbtfvbs sn djbsflfdbk snm÷k cfvnrsis drftnrfis7 B.  Tnm÷k su diktnkfci 2)  Qitnstbc _nmjbhnktbrfb7 Ns jb prnrrimbtfvb pir jb qun jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns p÷ojfdbs  puncnk drnbr kirhbs dik rbkmi rnmjbhnktbrfi0 ns cndfr, kirhbs suoircfkbcbs b jbs jnyns, yb snbk rnmjbhnktis i cndrntis qun rnmujnk nj ngnrdfdfi cn sus pripfbs btrfoudfikns. Jis rnmjbhnktis qun cfdtb jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb, tfnknk ticis jis dbrbdtnrns lirhbjns cn ukb jny7 mnknrbjfcbc, fhpnrsikbjfcbc y bostrbddfôk, pnri cflfnrnk cn jbs jnyns nk jb nsdbjb gnrârqufdb, yb qun sn nkdunktrbk nkdunktr bk pir cnobgi cn njjbs0 jis rnmjbhnktis cnonk snr dikstftudfikbjns y jnmbjns, cnonk jfhftbrsn b jbs cfspisfdfikns cn jb jny y bpjfdbrjbs. ?)  Qitnstbc cn Qjbkflfdbdfôk7 Tn puncn cnlfkfr dihi ukb cn jbs lbdujtbcns cn bdtubdfôk i prnrrimbtfvbs qun nj ircnkbhfnkti gurècfdi btrfouyn b jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns p÷ojfdbs,

 

rnvfstfækcijbs cn uk nstbtus nspndfbj cnrfvbci cn su hfsfôk cn snrvfdfi b jb pritnddfôk, mbrbktèb y rnbjfzbdfôk cnj fktnræs mnknrbj. 4)  Qitnstbc Irmbkfzbtirfb7 Ns nj dikgukti cn lbdujtbcns qun jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb istnktb pbrb diklfmurbr su nstrudturb, ns jb dbpbdfcbc cn cndfcfr y cn ircnkbr0 sn diksfcnrb fkenrnktn b qufnkns ngnrdnk jb lukdfôk cn cfrnddfôk. Ns, nk diksndunkdfb, ukb pbrtn cn jb lukdfôk cfrndtfvb y nk hudeis dbsis, ukb cn jbs lukdfikns hâs cfrndtbhnktn vfkdujbcbs b jb rnspiksbofjfcbc pir jb mnstfôk qun diksfcnrb qun nj bdfnrti nk jbs cndfsfikns cn irmbkfzbdfôk ns uki cn jis njnhnktis dnktrbjns pbrb nvbjubr nj æxfti cn jbs pijètfdbs cn mnstfôk. 3)  Qitnstbc Srfoutbrfb7 Tn cnlfkn dihi jb lbdujtbc qun nj ircnkbhfnkti gurècfdi jn rndikidn bj Nstbci pbrb fhpiknr, hicflfdbr i suprfhfr nk vfrtuc cn ukb jny, iojfmbdfikns trfoutbrfbs. >)  Qitnstbc Tbkdfikbcirb7 Ns bqunjjb lbdujtbc cn jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb cn fhpiknr sbkdfikns b trbvæs cn uk pridncfhfnkti bchfkfstrbtfvi. Nktnkcfcb jb sbkdfôk bchfkfstrbtfvb dihi bqunj hbj fklrfkmfci b uk bchfkfstrbci dihi diksndunkdfb cn ukb dikcudtb fjèdftb, dik lfkbjfcbc rnprnsirb, diksfstfnkci jb sbkdfôk nk jb prfvbdfôk cn uk ofnk i cnrndei, i jb fhpisfdfôk cn uk cnonr, bj nstbr vncbcb pbrb jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb jbs sbkdfikns diksfstnktns nk prfvbdfôk cn jfonrtbc. cn jb Dk., sfnkci nstn uk sfstnhb cn Lfsdbjfzbdfôk lukcbhnktbci nk nj fktnræs suprnhi cnj Nstbci, nstbojndfnkci uk ræmfhnk cn fktnrvnkdfôk nk jbs dunktbs cn jis Bchfkfstrbcirns Q÷ojfdis. 21) Qitnstbc cn _nvfsfôk cn Ilfdfi cn jis Bdtis Bchfkfstrbtfvis7 Jbs bchfkfstrbdfikns  puncnk rnvfsbr jis bdtis bchfkfstrbtfvis qun cfdtnk y cndjbrbrjis kujis i jnsfvis sfnhprn qun blndtnk nj fktnræs mnknrbj. O.  Tnm÷k su fkdfcnkdfb nk nj ircnkbhfnkti gurècfdi7 2)  Fkkivbtfvbs7 Cn kbturbjnzb kirhbtfvb (rnmjbhnktis) pir jbs qun sn bprunobk, hicflfdbk i cnrimbk jbs kirhbs bchfkfstrbtfvbs, bjtnrbkci nj sfstnhb kirhbtfvi bktnrfir. Cn diklirhfcbc cn sftubdfikns y rnjbdfikns gurècfdbs.

 

?)   Ki Fkkivbtfvbs7 Qitnstbcns cn buti tutnjb7 tutnjb7 Run fhpjfdb qun jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb nstâ dbpbdftbcb dihi sugnti cn cnrndei pbrb tutnjbr pir sè hfshb sus pripfbs sftubdfikns gurècfdbs, fkdjusi sus prntnksfikns Fkkivbtfvbs cnj ‚stbtus qui‘ 216,

nxfhfækcisn cn nstn hici cn jb kndnsfcbc, dih÷k b jis cnhâs sugntis, cn rndbobr jb tutnjb gucfdfbj. D.  Tnm÷k nj mrbci cn cfspikfofjfcbc pbrb fkdfcfr nk jb nslnrb gurècfdb cn jis bchfkfstrbcis7 2)  Cn Tuprnhbdèb Mnknrbj7 Nk jbs qun nj bchfkfstrbci tfnkn lrnktn b jb bchfkfstrbdfôk ticbs jbs mbrbktèbs pjnkbs qun sn cncudnk cnj hbrdi cn cnrndeis qun jn itirmbk jb Dikstftudfôk y jbs jnyns, qun blndtbk i sugntbk b ticis jis dfucbcbkis, pir su dikcfdfôk bostrbdtb cn dfucbcbkis, nk dubkti s÷ocftis cnj ircnk p÷ojfdi, sfk kndnsfcbc cn tètujis dikdrntis. ?)  Cn Tuprnhbdèb Nspndfbj7 Run sik ngnrdfcbs pir jb bchfkfstrbdfôk siorn bqunjjbs  pnrsikbs qun sn nkdunktrbk nk ukb sftubdfôk cn ssuoircfkbdfôk, uoircfkbdfôk, cnrfvbcb cn uk tètuji dikdrnti, siorn jis lukdfikbrfis i jis usubrfis cn jis snrvfdfis p÷ojfdis. (Lukdfikbrfis, pir hncfi cnj diktrij cfsdfpjfkbrfi). Nj diktrij cfsdfpjfkbrfi ns uk njnhnkti fkcfspnksbojn cn jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb, nk jb hncfcb nk qun, nj hfshi sn irfnktb b mbrbktfzbr qun jb lukdfôk p÷ojfdb snb ngnrdfcb nk onknlfdfi cn jb dihukfcbc y pbrb jb pritnddfôk cn jis cnrndeis cnrndei s y jfonrtbcns cn jis pbrtfdujbrns. C.  Qir jb lirhb cn btrfoudfôk cn jb pitnstbc7 2)  Nxprnsbs i Fhpjèdftbs7 Tnm÷k bpbrnzdbk cn lirhb nxpjèdftb nk jb kirhb i sn cncuzdbk, cncuzd bk, fhpjèdftbhnktn0 ?)  Nspndèlfdbs y pir Djâusujbs Mnknrbjns7 Jbs prfhnrbs cnjfhftbk huy prndfsbhnktn jis iogntfvis y pir nj diktrbrfi, jbs snmukcbs sn diktfnknk nk djâusujbs mnknrbjns, y 4)  _nmjbcbs y Cfsdrndfikbjns7 Cfsdrndfikbjns7 Tik pitnstbcns qun fhpjfdbk qun dbon cfstfktbs ipdfikns i cfstfktbs sijudfikns, ticbs njjbs vâjfcbs0 puns jb jny qun btrfouyn jb pitnstbc b jb bchfkfstrbdfôk sôji lfgb bjmukbs cn jbs dikcfdfikns cnj ngnrdfdfi cn jb hfshb y rnhftn jb

 

cntnrhfkbdfôk cnj rnsti cn jbs dikcfdfikns b jb bprndfbdfôk suogntfvb cnj ôrmbki cn jb bchfkfstrbdfôk tftujbr cn jb pitnstbc. Jb cfsdrndfikbjfcbc ki ns ukb dbrbdtnrèstfdb qun sn puncb prncfdbr mjiobjhnktn cn ukb pitnstbc, sfki sôji cn bjmuki cn sus njnhnktis. Ki eby pitnstbcns èktnmrbhnktn cfsdrndfikbjns, sfki pitnstbcns nk jbs qun bjmukis njnhnktis sik cfsdrndfikbjns. Nk ticbs jbs pitnstbcns cfsdrndfikbjns eby njnhnktis cfsdrndfikbjns y eby itris qun sik rnmjbcis. Nstis ÷jtfhis sik7 2. Jb nxfstnkdfb hfshb cn jb kirhb0 ?. Nj supunsti cn endei qun jnmftfhb b jb bchfkfstrbdfôk pbrb su nhpjni0 4. Jb dihpntnkdfb0 ns cndfr, jb cntnrhfkbdfôk cnj ôrmbki u ôrmbkis b qun sn btrfouyn nsb pitnstbc0 3. Nj lfk cn jb pitnstbc0 ns cndfr, nj iogntfvi dikdrnti qun pnrsfmun nj usi cn nsb  pitnstbc, y >. Jb cfsdrndfikbjfcbc ki ns diksndunkdfb cn ukb jbmukb jnmbj. Jb cfsdrndfikbjfcbc ki sn puncn diklukcfr dik jb hbyir i hnkir fkcntnrhfkbdfôk cn jis dikdnptis gurècfdis. Jbs kirhbs utfjfzbk cnjfonrbcbhnktn dikdnptis vbmis, ofnk snbk cn nxpnrfnkdfb sidfbj y itrbs vndns sik dikdnptis ætfdis. Nstis dikdnptis  gurècfdis fkcntnrhfkbcis ki tfnknk kbcb qun vnr dik cfsdrndfikbjfcbc. Nk rnjbdfôk b njjis jb bchfkfstrbdfôk ki tfnkn hbrmnk vbjirbtfvi. Jb sftubdfôk b jb qun sn rnlfnrn nsn dikdnpti gurècfdi fkcntnrhfkbci nxfstn i ki cn hici iogntfvi dik brrnmji b nstâkcbrns sidfbjhnktn bdnptbcis. Jb fkcntnrhfkbdfôk cnj nkukdfbci ki sn trbcudn nk ukb fkcntnrhfkbdfôk cn jbs bpjfdbdfikns cnj hfshi pirqun sôji sn pnrhftn ukb ÷kfdb sijudfôk gustb. N.  Itrb djbsn cn pitnstbcns7 2)  Diksnrvbtfvbs7 Tn ircnkbk b diksnrvbr, tutnjbr, rnbjfzbr sftubdfikns gurècfdbs  prnnxfstnktns7 sfk hicflfdbrjbs i nxtfkmufrjb0 ?)  Buti-btrfoufcbs7 Tfnkci drnbcbs y itirmbcbs pir nj hfshi nktn cnstfkbtbrfi cn jbs hfshbs, sfnkci dih÷k nk nj dbhpi cn jbs pitnstbcns bchfkfstrbtfvbs. Hudebs cn jbs  pitnstbcns ki sik btrfoufcbs pir jb jny, sfki pir pi r kirhbs rnmjbhnktbrfbs0

 

4)  Qitnstbc Ngndutfvb nk snktfci nstrfdti7 Nstb lbdujtbc, cfdei sfhpjnhnktn, diksfstfr qun jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb puncn iojfmbr b duhpjfr ji qun ircnkb i b ngndutbrji njjb hfshb, pir jb prnsukdfôk cn jnmbjfcbc cn sus bdtis0 ns picnr rnbjfzbr nk nj ircnk hbtnrfbj, jis bdtis nspndèlfdis qun dirrnspikcnk b jb bchfkfstrbdfôk p÷ojfdb cnktri cn su nslnrb, y 3)  Qitnstbc Gurfscfddfikbj7 Ns jb lbdujtbc qun nj Nstbci itirmb b jb bchfkfstrbdfôk, pbrb rnvfsbr sus rnsijudfikns n fkstbkdfbs cnj blndtbci pir hncfi cn jis rndursis bchfkfstrbtfvis, yb snb cn rnpisfdfôk i  gnrârqufdis.  gnrârqufdis. Nj cn rnpisfdfôk bktn jb hfshb butirfcbc qun cfdtô jb rnsijudfôk y nj gnrârqufdi sn fktnrpikn bktn jb butirfcbc supnrfir gnrbrquèb. Jb pntfdfôk cn nstis rndursis qun nj pbrtfdujbr ebdn, ki rnvfstn jis dbrbdtnrns cn gufdfis yb qun jb rnsijudfôk cn nstn rndursi ns fktnrkb.

QISNTSBC BCHFKFTS_BSF\B TNM×K JB JNMFTJBDFIK TBJ\BCI_NÒB QISNTSBC _NMJBHNKSB_FB Jb Dikstftudfôk rndikidn b jb bchfkfstrbdfôk ukb pitnstbc rnmjbhnktbrfb dikdncfækcijn jb lbdujtbc cn drnbr dfnrtbs djbsns cn rnmjbhnktis. Brtèduji 2 tbhofæk cn jb Dikstftudfôk, kis ebojb cn fkdikstftudfikbjfcbc cn dubjqufnr jny i cfspisfdfôk cn jis itris Ôrmbkis0 nj brtèduji ?4> cn jb Dikstftudfôk, sn rnlfnrn b jb prnvbjnkdfb cn jb Dikstftudfôk siorn jbs Jnyns, Cndrntis, Ôrcnkns y _nsijudfikns qun jb diktrbrènk. Ns nvfcnktn qun jb kirhb prfhbrfb rnsnrvb nj tærhfki Jny pbrb nj bdti lirhbjhnktn jnmfsjbtfvi y qun usb itris tærhfkis pbrb cnsfmkbr b bqunjjbs jnyns nk snktfci hbtnrfbj qun ki nhbkbk cn jb Bsbhojnb Jnmfsjbtfvb.

 

Nj brtèduji ?13 ircfkbj >± cn jb Dikstftudfôk7 Jb butikihèb cnj Hukfdfpfi dihprnkcn, cndrntbr jbs ircnkbkzbs y rnmjbhnktis jidbjns. Jis hukfdfpfis snrâk butôkihis nk ji ndikôhfdi, nk ji tædkfdi y nk ji bchfkfstrbtfvi y sn rnmfrâk pir uk Dôcfmi Hukfdfpbj qun snktbrâ jis prfkdfpfis mnknrbjns pbrb su irmbkfzbdfôk, lukdfikbhfnkti y ngnrdfdfi cn sus lbdujtbcns butôkihbs. Jis hukfdfpfis nstbrâk iojfmbcis b dijboirbr dik itrbs fkstftudfikns p÷ojfdbs nk jis pjbkns cn cnsbrrijji kbdfikbj i rnmfikbj. Qir itrb pbrtn nj Dôcfmi Hukfdfpbj rnmujb jb Qitnstbc _nmjbhnktbrfb nk jis sfmufnktns brtèdujis7 Brtèduji 4?7 Jbs ircnkbkzbs sik kirhbs cn c n bpjfdbdfôk mnknrbj cnktri cnj hukfdfpfi siorn bsuktis cn fktnræs jidbj. Nktrbrâk nk vfmnkdfb idei cèbs cnspuæs cn su puojfdbdfôk nk nj Cfbrfi Ilfdfbj. Brtèduji 447 Jis rnmjbhnktis dikstftuynk kirhbs, cfspisfdfikns y hbkcbtis siorn nj ræmfhnk fktnrki hukfdfpbj y cn prnstbdfôk cn snrvfdfis. Nktrbrâk nk vfmnkdfb idei cèbs cnspuæs cn snr cndrntbcis. Brtèduji 4>7 Jbs Ircnkbkzbs, _nmjbhnktis y Bdunrcis sik cn iojfmbtirfi duhpjfhfnkti  pir pbrtn cn jis pbrtfdujbrns y cn jbs butirfcbcns kbdfikbjns, cnpbrtbhnktbjns y hukfdfpbjns. Jbs butirfcbcns kbdfikbjns nstâk iojfmbcbs b dijboirbr pbrb qun jbs cndfsfikns hukfdfpbjns tnkmbk nj cnofci duhpjfhfnkti. Nj Brtèduji 2