- P142 -Protection Functions - V42_SE-En

MiCOM P142 Feeder Protection

30 – 10 – 2011 SCHEDULE
9.00 – 10.00 INTROUDUCTION ON MICOM P142 SETTING
10.00 – 10.30 INTRODUCTION ON MICOM P543 SETTING
10.30 – 12.00 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ON MICOM 142 & P543 SETTING

Schneider Electric - Energy Automation – 09/2010

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MiCOM P141 – Feeder Protection Document Version Version A B

Comment First Version Schneider Electric Migration

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Author

Date

F. BROTTET

19/10/09

S. GASCO

04/11/10

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SYSTEM DATA

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System Data

» Generalities General configuration menus

4 setting groups

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System Data

» Settings » Choose between English, French, German and Spanish

» Selected language will be the one displayed on LCD front panel

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System Data

» Settings » Feeder name (displayed on LCD front panel)

» Station name (displayed on LCD front panel)

» Frequency : 50Hz or 60Hz

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CB CONTROL

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CB Control » No manual control of the CB » Open/Close commands can be issued only by protection functions (such as autoreclose, trip, …)

» Open/Close commands can be

• Disabled • Local • Remote • Local + Remote • Opto • Opto+ Local • Opto+ Remote • Opto + Rem + Local

issued from front panel using HOT KEYS or via SYSTEM DATA menu »Commands can also be issued from relay front communication port

» Open/Close commands can be issued from rear communication port

» Open/Close commands can be issued from opto inputs (one opto for open, one opto for close is required)

!

» CB position contacts should be available on the relay (via opto) when CB control function is enabled.

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CB Control

» Minimum duration of close command sent to CB

» Minimum duration of open command sent to CB

! » It may be necessary to match these values with CB manufacturing data to ensure safe operation of the CB.

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CB Control » Time between local close command sent by operator and relay order sent to CB (to go out of the room for safety reasons)

» Waiting time to receive « CB Healthy » information given by CB. » If relay does not receive this information, no more command can be issued and CB is locked in open position.

!

» This function requires an opto input connected to relay CB Healthy internal data (via PSL Editor). Opto Label 06 DDB #037

CB Healthy DDB #230

» If not, CB Healthy will be set internally at 1, meaning CB always healthy.

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CB Control

» If CB is locked, choose lockout reset by :

• Operator action (front panel) • A successful manual close command

» At the end of this timer

» Specify which position contacts are wired to the relay opto : » 52A for CB Closed position » 52B for CB Open position

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DATE AND TIME

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Date and Time » View / modify date and time (relay front panel ) » When creating setting file, these are default values

» Enable / Disable IRIG-B synchronisation

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Reminder : MiCOM S1 Studio 1. 2. 3.

2

1

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Select relay from Studio Explorer Click on « Supervise » Modify

3

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Date and time » Battery Status » When Alarm is disabled, low battery will not generate any alarm

!

» In case of power supply failure, the battery will save the date, time, events, disturbance & fault recorder. » Settings/PSL are saved in EEPROM memory : no battery is required to save data even without power supply. » Battery life time is 1 year if relay is not supplied or 10 years if relay is permanently supplied.

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Date and time » Allow to set automatic time change (UTC, winter/summer time)

» It is possible to set time shift between UTC and local

» Winter/Summer time changeover can be setup accuratelyt

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CONFIGURATION

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Configuration

» Restore default settings for whole file or setting group only » Available only from front panel

» 4 Settings groups available (PSL included) » Setting group change over via Menu or Opto » Enable / Disable protection functions » Enable one function make it visible in the setting group :

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Configuration

» Display or hide general menus (not proteciton functions) » Choose display type for settings values (primary or secondary values)

» Display or hide direct quick access using HOTKEYS or FUNCTION KEYS » Setup relay LCD contrast Schneider Electric - Energy Automation – 09/2010

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Configuration

» Select via Menu : Active setting group is

» Select via Opto : Active setting group is

selected by operator action (relay front panel or front/rear communication to PC). » Notes : Opto 1 and 2 can be used for other applications

selected automatically viaOpto1 and Opto2 (only these 2 optos).

Opto 1

» Active setting group is selected via the parameter Active Settings

Opto 2

Opto 1

0 0

Group 1

1

Group 2

» Notes : » Opto inputs 1 and 2 must be set in the PSL » Setting group change over can be modified only by these optos (not through front panel or communication).

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Opto 2

0

Opto 1

0

Group 3 Opto 2

1

Opto 1

1

Opto 2

1

Group 4

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Configuration

» It is possible to set up to 4 setting groups. Each setting group can have different parameters/PSL

!

» It is advised to disable non-used setting groups

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CT AND VT RATIOS

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CT and VT Ratios

» Main voltage transformer ratio (3 phases)

»Current transformer ratio (3 phases)

» Neutral current transfomer ratio used for Earth Fault 1 or REF protection function

» Sensitive neutral current transformer ratio used for SEF or REF high impedance protection function

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RECORD CONTROL

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Record Control

» Allow to define which information will be stored in event memory

» Allow to clear disturbance record memory » Only from relay front panel

» Allow to prevent one protection signal to appear in the event list

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DISTURB RECORDER

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Disturbance Recorder » Configuration of disturbance record duration » Selection of operating mode (single or extended)

» Selection of Analog Channels signals (current, voltage)

» Selection of Digital Channels signals (opto status, output status, start, trip…) » Selection of trigger for disturbance recording

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Disturbance Recorder

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Disturbance Recorder

» Trigger Mode Single : another trigger is ignored

» Trigger Mode Extended : recording time is extended to take into account second trigger

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Disturbance Recorder

» For each digital channel, it is possible to choose if it is a trigger for disurbance recording : » yes, on rising edge » yes, on falling edge » no, not a trigger

» By default, digital channel linked to Output contact R3 (trip contact) is a trigger.

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MEASURE’T SETUP

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Measurement Setup

» "Standby" display for relay front panel (after 15 min inactivity)

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Measurement Setup

IA 5.62A

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Measurement Setup

» Selected value will be the reference for phase angle calculation

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Measurement Setup Mode 0

i

Mode 1

P

i

u

u

P u

u

i

i Q

i

u

u

Q i

u

u

i

i

Mode 2

i

Mode 3

P

i

u

u

P u

u

i

i Q

i

u

u i

Q i

u

u i

Direction of energy displayed on the relay depends on the selected mode Schneider Electric - Energy Automation – 09/2010

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Measurement Setup » Average values are calculated during this period » Display is refreshed after each period

» Average values are calculated during the last « x » sub periods – each sub period lasts « y » minutes » Display is refreshed after each subperiod

» For fault location function, select unit for distance and display type for the value.

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CB MONITOR SETUP

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CB Monitor Setup » Select 1 for broken current or 2 for broken squared current

» Activation of a CB mainenance alarm if limit is reached : » Total broken currents » Number of operations » Operating time

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CB Monitor Setup

» Activation of CB lockout (in open position) if the limit is reached : » Total broken currents » Number of operations » Operating time » Number of operations in a definite time

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OPTO CONFIG

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Opto Configuration » It is mandatory to select supply voltage for opto: - same voltage for all inputs - customed for each input

» In case no voltage is available, it is possible to use 48VDC output voltage from the relay to supply opto inputs.

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Opto Configuration

Voltage range

Undefined range

24 / 27VDC

16,2 – 19,2VDC

30 / 34VDC

20,4 – 24VDC

48 / 54VDC

32,4 – 38,4VDC

110 / 125VDC

75 – 88VDC

220 / 250VDC

150 – 176VDC

100% 80% 60%

!

0

» Opto can be damaged if overvoltage occurs (more than300VDC )

1 Previous state*

0% * Schmitt Trigger

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Opto Configuration

» 1 = opto filtered  response time = 10ms » 0 = opto non filtered  response time < 5ms

» Each opto input can be filtered. It allows a pre-filtering of half-period wich prevent opto from wiring noise. » This filter provide safety but input may be to slow for application such as Intertripping. In this case, we can disable filtering.

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SYSTEM CONFIG

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System Configuration » Select phase sequence (usefull in case phases wiring is reversed)

» It is possible to block current functions when harmonic 2 is present (inrush current) » Above the high set of current, blocking is cancelled

» For each function based on current, it is possible to select the threasholds blocked by 2nd harmonic detection :

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OVERCURRENT (50/51/67)

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Overcurrent (50/51/67) » Elements I>1 and I>2 Operating time for settings I>1 and I>2 can be switched between : » Definite Time (DT) OR » Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE… international curves)

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Overcurrent (50/51/67) »Elements I>1 and I>2 » Settings I>1 and I>2 can be set to : Non directional OR Directional Forward OR Directional Reverse

» Characteristic angle can be set between -95°and +95° » Angle is same for all elements » Minimal polarising voltage is fixed at 0.5 V (synchronous polarisation is enabled below this threashold)

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Overcurrent (50/51/67) »Elements I>1 and I>2 » Set current threashold and associated timer (or TMS for inverse time curve)

» PSL : Phase selective

Start

Any phase Phase selective

Trip

Any phase

» It is possible to add a fixed timer (offset) to the inverse time curve

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Overcurrent (50/51/67) » Elements I>1 and I>2 » Timer before threashold reinitialisation

tRESET = 0 I>1

TIMER

TRIP

tRESET ≠ 0 I>1

TIMER

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TRIP 51

Overcurrent (50/51/67) »Elements I>3 and I>4 » Elements I>3 and I>4 are only definite time :

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Overcurrent (50/51/67)

All threasholds may be individually blocked following : » a VT error detected by VT Supervision function (used for direction determination) » an inrush current detection (2nd harmonic method)

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Overcurrent (50/51/67)

Action of VT Supervision function for direction determination : » ex. of directional forward element when loss of voltage occurs :

Forward Fault

Reverse Fault

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VT Supervision Disabled

VT Supervision Indication

VT Supervision Blocking

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

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Overcurrent (50/51/67) Action of inrush current blocking (2nd harmonic detection) : » Choose blocking for each element » Choose blocking operating mode : 1PH detection blocks 1PH OR 1PH detection blocks 3PH

1PH detection blocks 1PH 1PH detection blocks 3PH Schneider Electric - Energy Automation – 09/2010

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Overcurrent (50/51/67)

» For I>1 and/or I>2 elements, it is possible to reduce threashold when a voltage drop is detected (function 51V) : for ex. to detect a remote fault

Vrms I>1 V< k.I>1

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NEG SEQ O/C (46)

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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) » Elements I2>1 and I2>2 Operating time for settings I2>1 and I2>2 can be switched between : » Definite Time (DT) OR » Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE… international curves)

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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) » Elements I2>1 and I2>2 » Settings I2>1 and I2>2 can be set to : Non directional OR Directional Forward OR Directional Reverse

» Characteristic angle can be set between -95°and +95° » Angle is same for all elements » Minimum polarising voltage (Vi) can be set during commissioning : above negative sequence voltage in stable conditions

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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) »Elements I2>1 and I2>2 » Set current threashold and associated timer (or TMS for inverse time curve)

» It is possible to add a fixed timer (offset) to the inverse time curve

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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) » Elements I2>1 and I2>2 » Timer before threashold reinitialisation

tRESET = 0 I2>1

TIMER

TRIP

tRESET ≠ 0 I2>1

TIMER

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TRIP 61

Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) »Elements I2>3 and I2>4 » Elements I2>3 and I2>4 are only definite time :

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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

All threasholds may be individually blocked following : » a VT error detected by VT Supervision function (used for direction determination) » an inrush current detection (2nd harmonic method)

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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

Action of VT Supervision function for direction determination : » ex. of directional forward element when loss of voltage occurs :

Forward Fault

Reverse Fault

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VT Supervision Disabled

VT Supervision Indication

VT Supervision Blocking

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)

Action of inrush current blocking (2nd harmonic detection) : » Choose blocking for each element

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BROKEN CONDUCTOR (46BC)

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Broken conductor (46BC)

» Define ratio of negative sequence current / positive sequence current and associated timer

» Note : this function guarantees good operation even with low level of load current (that is different from function 46)

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EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (50N/51N/67N)

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) » 3 types of earth fault protection available » based on IN measurement

» based on IN calculation

» based on Sensitive IN measurement

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) » Elements IN>1 and IN>2 Operating time for settings IN>1 and IN>2 can be switched between : » Definite Time (DT) OR » Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE… international curves)

» Note : operation is same for EARTH FAULT 2 and SEF/REF in SEF mode functions

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) » Elements IN>1 and IN>2 » Settings IN>1 and IN>2 can be set to : Non directional OR Directional Forward OR Directional Reverse

» Characteristic angle can be set between -95°and +95 ° » Angle is same for all elements Polarisation can be performed using : » residual voltage (-3Vo) – mandatory for SEF function : we can define minimum voltage for polarisation » negative sequence elements : in this case, residual current provides starting and direction is determined by negative sequence voltage and current : we can define minimum values for theses elements

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) »Elements IN>1 and IN>2 » Set current threashold and associated timer (or TMS for inverse time curve)

» It is possible to add a fixed timer (offset) to the inverse time curve

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) » Elements IN>1 and IN>2 » Timer before threashold reinitialisation

tRESET = 0 IN>1

TIMER

TRIP

tRESET ≠ 0 IN>1

TIMER

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TRIP 73

Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) »Elements IN>3 and IN>4 » Elements IN>3 and IN>4 are only definite time :

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

All threasholds may be individually blocked following : » a VT error detected by VT Supervision function (used for direction determination) » an inrush current detection (2nd harmonic method)

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

Action of VT Supervision function for direction determination : » ex. of directional forward element when loss of voltage occurs :

Forward Fault

Reverse Fault

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VT Supervision Disabled

VT Supervision Indication

VT Supervision Blocking

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

NO TRIP

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)

Action of inrush current blocking (2nd harmonic detection) : » Choose blocking for each element

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) » SEF/REF Add-ons

SEF cos(PHI) / sin(PHI) For specific applications, it may be difficult to discriminate healthy from faulty feeder as the residual current may be similar. We can use IcosΦ characteristic as the faulty feeder will have a higher active component than the healthy. For isolated networks, we prefer using IsinΦ

Wattmetric It is possible to add a power criteria from existing elements by choosing Wattmetric characteristic

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) » SEF/REF Add-ons REF : Restricted Earth Fault For transformer protection it is advised to use instantaneous protection for earth fault at low voltage side. To ensure stability of the protection in case of external fault, we can use : » High impedance method » Low impedance method (bias characteristic)

Note : It is possible to use both low impedance REF and DTS/Wattmetric function while using high impedance REF is exclusive

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) » High impedance REF operating mode principle

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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) » Low impedance REF operating mode principle

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RESIDUAL O/V NVD (59N)

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Residual overvoltage (59N) Note : this function is based on calculated VN = VA+VB+VC

» Operating time for element VN>1 can be switched between : Definite time (DT) OR Inverse time (IDMT) » We can then set the threashold and associated timer/TMS

» Second element VN>2 is only definite time » We just need to set the threashold and associated timer

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Residual overvoltage (59N) » Element VN>1 » Timer before threashold reinitialisation

tRESET = 0 VN>1

TIMER

TRIP

tRESET ≠ 0 VN>1

TIMER

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TRIP 84

THERMAL OVERLOAD (49)

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Thermal overload (49) Note : » Single characteristic (one time constant) is used to protect cables or dry transformers. » Dual characteristic (two time constants) is used for oil insulated transformers with natural air cooling » one time constant protects against slow increase of oil temperature » one time constant protects against fast increase of windings temperature

» We define full load current setting (maximum load) » It is possible to set an alarm to warn operator of thermal state increase

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NEG SEQUENCE O/V

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Negative sequence overvoltage » For specific applications where the input voltage must be perfectly balanced (motor supply…), it is advised to use negative sequence overvoltage function » Set the threashold and corresponding timer

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COLD LOAD PICKUP

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Cold Load Pickup » After closing the circuit breaker, it is possible to block phase & earth overcurrent elements, or to define new settings (generally increase threasholds) during a fix timer. » Blocking or new settings will be activated during tclp Time Delay after CB closure. » Blocking or new settings will also be activated after tcold Time Delay when CB is open (load disconnected).

Note : It is possible to modify the 4 phase overcurrent elements and the first element of earth fault 1 & 2 functions.

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Cold Load Pickup

» If element is set as Enable, the new settings will be applied when function Cold load pickup will be activated. » If element is set as Block, it will not be active anymore when function Cold load pickup will be activated.

Note : Elements will appear in Cold Load Pickup function only if they are enabled in the relevant PHASE OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT functions.

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Cold Load Pickup » Cold Load Pickup function activation is linked to circuit breaker position. It is thus necessary to wire CB position on relay digital inputs. » CB position is managed by two signals: 52A (CB CLOSED) & 52B (CB OPEN). If only one signal is available, the other one will automatically be calculated by the protection.

» REMINDER : CB position should be defined both in settings file & PSL file with coherence:

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Cold Load Pickup » Activation of Cold Load Pickup function

52A

52B

Function activation

tclp

tcold

Note : If CB position (52A or 52B) is not available, it is possible to activate the function using the signal « CLP initiate ». Behaviour will be the same as 52B signal (check above diagram).

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SELECTIVE LOGIC

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Selective logic » On specific logic input activation – for example – it is possible to modify timers of elements 3 & 4 for overcurrent functions (phase & earth)

Note : It is possible to modify elements 3 & 4 for OVERCURRENT, EARTH FAULT 1 & 2 and SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT (SEF).

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Selective logic » New timer settings will be applied as long as blocking signals will be active (PSL configuration):

Note : if Selective Logic function is disabled, signals such as I>3 Timer Block will completely block the corresponding element while if Selective Logic function is enabled, element is not blocked anymore but new timer settings will be applied.

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VOLT PROTECTION

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Voltage Protection » Measur’t Mode: Phase-Neutral

VAN

50 V

VAN

VBN

VCN

No start of element V Inhibit (or VTS I2> Inhibit). » For example, in case of a close up three phases fault on line energisation, VTS function should not block tripping!

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CT & VT Supervision

» CT Supervision activation » If a zero sequence current appears above the CTS IN> Set and the zero sequence voltage is below the CTS VN< Inhibit, CTS function will operate. » An alarm is raised on relay front panel after CTS Time Delay

Note : CTS operates when a zero sequence current (calculated) appears when no zero sequence voltage is measured or calculated. When CTS function starts, protection functions based on calculated values (such as Broken Conductor, Earth Fault 2, Negative sequence overcurrent…) are automatically blocked. Other functions can be blocked by customising the PSL using signals « CTS Block » instantaneous or « CT Fail Alarm » - time delayed:

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FAULT LOCATOR

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Fault locator » Line length can be set in miles or km:

» Line Impedance: positive sequence line impedance » Line Angle: angle of positive sequence impedance » kZN Residual: zero sequence line impedance » kZn Res Angle: angle of zero sequence impedance

Note : distance to fault is displayed in the fault report. It can be displayed as a distance, as an impedance or as % of line length:

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