Македонски јазик и литература-учебник за I година

 

VASI VA SIL L TO TOCI CINO NOVS VSKI KI

RANK RA NKO O M LA LADE DENO NOSK SKI I

M A K E D O NNSS K I J A Z I K  MA  M I T E R T UURA R I LLITERA LITERAT ZA SREDNO STRU^NO OBRAZOVANIE (za site struki) I

ZA GODINA

 

Рецензенти: Рецензенти: Д-р  Вера Вера  Стојчевска Стојчевска-- Антиќ  Лидија  Томовска Лидија Костадинка  Башковиќ  Костадинка

Лектор:: Лектор Елена  Тошева Елена Компјутерска обработка обработка:: Сузана  Тодеска Сузана Техничко уредување уредување:: Магнаскен--Скопје Магнаскен

Издавач:   Министрство за образование и наука на Република Македонија Печати: Графички центар дооел, Скопје Тираж: 12800 Со решение на Министерот за образование и наука на Република Македонија   бр. 22-4473/1 од 09.08.2010 година се одобрува употребата на овој учебник  CIP - Каталогизација во публикација Национална и универзитетска  библиотека “Св.Климент Охридски” , Скопје 811.163.3 81 1.163.3 (075.3)

ТОЦИНОВСКИ, Васил   Македонски  јазик  јазик  и литература за средно стручно образование : (за сите  струки) за I година  / Васил Тоциновски, Ранко Младеноски . - Скопје : Министерство  за образование и наука на Република Македонија, 2010. - 196 стр. : илустр. ; 24 см Речник  на поими и термини: стр. 191-193 ISBN 978-608-226-133-1 1. Младеноски , Ранко [автор] COBISS.MK-ID 84280074

 

   

                                                                                                                                  

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                                                                                

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I.        

                                            

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  

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       

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  

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    

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     

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                                                                                                                                       

                                                                                

 

                                                                                                       

    

                                    

  

   

            

 

  

                     

    

            I      II      III       IV      



 

                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                        

 

          

 



 



  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

 

    

                                         

  

   

                                 

    

          



 

                                                                                                               

                                                                                            

                                   

 

                                                                                                                                   

                                                                       

                                             



 

    

                                                   

  

   

                      

    

                 

                         '                                        



 

 



          

         

      

     

                     

 

                                                   



 

        



                                                                                        

 

          

         

          

           



 

          

             

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                      

 

                                                                                                                                                       

          



 

    

                                          

  

   

                           

                  

            

    

     

                                                                                             

 

      

                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

 

    

                                                                     

  

   

                                                   

    

        

        





 

             

    

        











   











  

 jedle  jed le

jelen jel en

koza

trava trav a

Holu Ho lub b

  

 jodla  jod la

jelenj jele nj

koza

trawa

Golomb

  

el

olen

koza

trava

golub



 

                                                                                                

      

  

  

 

        

  

  

 

 

  

   

  

   

        

          

                                                                

 

                                     II                     

   V   

                 



 

    

                                             

  



   

        

                                         





 

     

      

IX



 

                                                                                                                                  II 

    

                                                                                                          

 

                                                                                                               IX    XI                        XII    XVIII                                           

                                       XII              

  

   

   

      

                                 

 

                                  

                                                            IX             

    

                           

                            

 

                               



                                                          

                                                                                      

                                                                                                 

 





 

                             III                               

             IX                      

  

   

                                  



 

                                             

               IX                                                                                                                                       

 

   



 

                                                                                        

                                                                                                   

    

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               

 

                                                 

                           

  

   

   

                                      

   

      

                                                                                          



 

    

   

                        

     III 

    II 



 

                                                                                               IX 

                                                                                               II          

                                         

 

                III               

    

                                                   >   >   >        >  >: > >     

                                  

 

  

   

                   

          

    

                               

 

     III 

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         II    VIII                                                                                                                      XVI                                                                                                                                   

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                                                XVI                                     

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    

    XII  XVI                                

  

   

            

     XII  XVI                       

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

      

 

                                                                                                              

                  

                                                                                                                                   

 

                                                                           

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    

  

  

  

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                        

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

    

            

  

                    

 

                                               

                                                                                                                                                                   

                               

               

 

                                     

     

                          

                    

            

                                          

                          

    

       

            

                                      



 

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 

                                          

   

                                   

  

          

          

      

                                                         



 

                                                                                                    

                                                                 

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    

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 >  

   

 >     >  

 

                                                                

           

                                                                                                                             

                                                 

 

       

                                                       

                                                                                      

                         

 

    

                                 

  

   

   

                                                 

    

          

                      

  



 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

                                                                                            

                                                         

                                                                                                                            

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

               

       

 

    

    

                                                                                                           

                            

                                                                                                         

 

   

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   

                 

         

                    

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

 

                                                                                                                       

                                                        

                                                                                            

 

                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                  

 

                                                               

     

   

                                                                                                                                                          

                   

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                                                                                                          

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         

                                                                                      

         

     

                                                                              

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

 

                                   

  

                  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

I     

                   

                                                                                     

      

                                                                                                                                  

 

     

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    



 

                   

               

II      

                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

III   

                                                                                                                                                                                         



       

         



                   

 

      

                                                                                                                                                                  

                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

                                                                                                                                                    

   

      

                   

    

                   

    

                       



 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

 

                                                                                                      

                 

                                                                                                                                            

 

                                    l      m     g     kg                                                                                                                                                                                

                                             

 

  

   

                      

  

                  

    



    

                   

               





 

      transsriptio                                                              

       

       Cicero       Caesar   Claudius  

   Urania   Italia   Sisyphus   Dionysis  

                  

 

           

               

 

              

     

         

      

                   

                

        

        

        

Jedlovnik    Jenko   Jesenice   Ljutomer      Crnomelj   Celje   Kranj          upan i   

        

   

                  

                 

 

       

   

                    

                 

    

          



      Grenoble Roma Welington Genova Buckingham  Australia  Austra lia Venezuela Wales

        Steven Segall Brad Pitt Jennifer Lopez Kylie Minogue Robbie Williams David Trezeguet



 

Britney Spears Michael Jordan Eddie Murphy Venus Williams  Allen Iverso Iverson n

                   Grenoble Caesar  Medea Horatius Cicero  Aeneas  Aene as Xenophon Euripides Orpheus Plutarchos Claudius Dionysus



 

                      

      

                                                                         

                                                                                                                                                                                                

 

                                                                                                                       

               

                 

                                                                      

                                                 

 

      

                                                                                                                

                                                             

                                                      



 

    

         

  

                                                                    



 

  

                                             

                                                      II      

                           

                                                                        

 

                    

                                                    

                                            

                                                                                    

   

        

                      

                  



 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                

                               

 

                                        

                       

                        

                                              

                

  

   

 

                                        

 

    

                                                                                                                   

                          I.                                                                                                      

 

II.   

                                                        

                   

  

           

                               





 

 

    

                                                       

  

  

                                               

 

 

  

   

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    

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    

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    

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        

 

           

 

                                       

                            

                          

  

   

                 

    

                   

                                   

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



 

                         

       

                     

                   

                                  

                                                                                  

           

           

 

                                                                                                                                                       

                                                                                                      

                                                             

 

                                                         

                                                                                                                                                                   

 



     

 

 

    

 

  

                     

    

 

  

                                                                                                                                                             

 

      

                  

  

      

 

         



 

II.  



 



   



 

 

          



    

 

                                                                                         

            littera                                                                                                                                     

 

                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                                                                                                                                

 

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 

     littera                                           

   

   

                

           

                                    

           

                     

      

                                                                                                     

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                                                                   

                                                                                                                                                                                               

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

                

 

                                  

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 

                                                          

   

   

           

                       

   

      

           



 

                                                                                                                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                            

 

      folk-lore                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

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 

                                                                           

 

   

   

                

                

    

                                      

   

      

                                                                                       



 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                           

  

 

                                                                    

 

   

   

                                                      

    

                                           

      

                                                                              

     

     

     

   

 

  



 

                                                                                                                                                       

                                                               IV                                                              VI              XIX  XX         XIX        XX  

 

                                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                   

 

                                                          

                               

                                           

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                                             IV                                

 

   

   

 

                                                          

   

      

                



 

                                                                                

                                                                                                                                                                        

 

                                    

                  

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

                                                                             

 

                                                         

                             

 

                                                                                      

   

   

                                                              

 

 

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 

      „     “   „              “ (  „    “   „      “   „                “   „         “   „       “  

„     “   „   

      “ 



 

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

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

       

                                        

            



 

                               

           

                                                                    

    

                                                                                                            



 

                                                                                                                           

  

                                                                                                                                       

  

 

                                                                                  

 

   

   

    

             

                    

    

          

    

   

      

                  



 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

  

 

                                                         

 

   

   

                          

           

   

      

                                                                                  



 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

 

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 

                                                                                           

   

   

             

   

       

                     

    

             

            





 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

                                                   

                                        

                                                                                                            

                                                              

 

                                                                                                                                    XIX                                                     XIX                                                                                  



 

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 

                                                                                             

   

   

           

                                   

   

      

         



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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                         

      

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                          

 

   

   

    

                                   

  

 

                 

  

      

                                                                 





 

   

  

  

 



  

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

 

                                                                       

  

 

                                                                                                    

   

   

      

      



       

 

 

      



 

   

      

                                                                                                                   

             

   

            

     

  



 









     

 

 





























     

 



 



 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

                                              XII      II                                                                                                                              X                                                                                          VI                                                                                           VI          

                             

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

  

 

                                           

 

   

   

           

                      

 

                                            

                                                                                                                  X  VII                            VI                                        V                       

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    IV                                                                                                                                                                  

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                 

  

 

                                   

   

   

  

                                                    

 

                                       

                                        XII         VIII         XI  X   IX                                                                                                                  

                                   

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

 

                                                                                                  VI  

 

                                                                                                                                                                                      

 

                                                                                      

 

   

   

                        



                                

  

 

  VI          

 

                        XVI  XV                                                                                                                                             XIV     

 

 I                            

                                          I                                                                                 I           I                                                               XX                                                   

                                                  

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

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 

                                                                  I                                   

 

   

   

                               

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           

 

               

 

               

                                       I                                                                              I                                                                                                                  

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           

 

                                                                                                                                    

 

                                                                                   

   

   

                                                             

                    

                

 

                                                                                                        

                                                                                                         

          



 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      

                                      IX                             

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

                                              

   

   

                                   



 

   

      

                                                                                                   

                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

                                                           

 

                                                                                                                    

 

                                                                                                                                            

   

   

                                                            



 

             

                                    

                                                                     

                                                                                                                                                                           

 

                                                                                                                                                                  XI                                 XIII        

                        

              XIV  



                                                                                       

 

   

                              

 

                                                                

   

   

                          



       

 

   

      

                                                                           

                                                                                                          

 

                                                    



  

 

                                                                                                                                 

             

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                                                                                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                

 

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 

                                                            

   

   

  

                                                                                

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          

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

 

                                        

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        

 

  

 

                                                   

   

   

   

                              

             

   

      

                                                                                                    

  

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

 

                                                                  

            XIII       

 

                                                                       

   

   

                                                                   

             

 

                                                

                                           IX   X                                                                                                                                                                       IX                                                       

 

                                                                      

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

 

                                                                                                                                              

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 

                                                

   

   

 

                      

                             

  

                       

 

                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                                                                                                             

 

                                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                 

                           

 

                                                                             

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 

                                                                                                

   

   

  

                 

            

          

       

 

 ,,” 

,,,  ,,   !    !    ,       ,  ,      * !      ?         !”   ...    : -    .      ,         –      .         ,  ,      .      –     .         : : ,,,       ,,     ,         ,    . –   ,   ?      ?       ?      ?             ?”         : ,,,     ,   ,   . –

 __________  *   –    .

184

 

       ?         ?        ?        ?   , ,     ,     ;     , ,     ! –    , ,,        , ...     ...  ,    ,      . .   : :        ,,   –    ...   ...       .      .       ?      , ,  ,  !      ,        ?” : -      

: 

()         ,,”     , ¬     .       ,     ,   ,         ,   ,  ,  ,        ,      .            ,          .

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 I    

 

,  1    ,   é , ,      ’          ,            ;            :  ,2  ,   .     3.     ;

       ;  ,  é é    ,     ’    ,         ,      é     ,   ,     é,  : ,,  é     4,    ,     , ,           , ,        , é   ,  .      ;            , ,  é é     ...   .................................................

1

 Bo`ice = Muzo, Homer ja priziva ovde muzata bez da ja imenuva, a se podrazbira muzata na epskata poezija Kaliopa. 2  Sinot Atrejev ovde e Agamemnon, glavniot zapovednik na gr~kite vojski pod Troja, a ne Menelaj koj e isto taka sin Atrejev. 3  ,,Sinot na Yevs i Letoja” e bogot Apolon, za{titnikot na Trojancite i neprijatel na Ahajcite. 4  Epitetot ,,objalonosci” e eden od naj~estite epiteti na Ahajcite A hajcite (= Grcite). So ovoj izraz go prevedovme gr~kiot Homerov Homerov epitet Eukn#mides, {to zna~i ,,so ubavi objala”  (odn. ,,so ubavi potkolenici”), Pri {to zborot ,,potkolenica” ovde ozna~uva metalna izviena plo~a {to ja {titi nogata odn. Koskata od kolenoto do stapalata.

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VI      

 

   ,     ,            ,   ,     ,

       

   , ,       , ,        5                  ,          : ,, ,   , ,   ;        ,      ,    ,    ,   ,          ,     ,       ,   ,        , 6                ,  ,     ,          ,    ,     ,   7 ,  .        ,          ,8   , ,          .

 Imeto Asti nakt, kako {to se veli deka nagaleno go vikale vikale Trojancite sinot na Hek-

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tora, zna~i gospodar ili za{titnik na gradot. 6  Postojaniot epitet gospo|a pokraj nekoi bo`ici mo`e da go nosi sekoja postara majka vo patrijarhalniot stroj, t.e. `enata na gospodarot, na glavata na semejstvoto. No, ovoj epitet e mo`ebi nasleden od matrijarhalnoto op{testvo, kaj {to majkata bila glava na semejstvo semejstvoto to i vo mnogu pogolema po~it odo{to tatkoto. 7  Ajgida bil specijalen {tit od kozja ko`a {to go nosel vrhovniot bog na starite Grci Zevs i negovata borbena }erka Atena. Aahgidonosec e eden od naj~estite epiteti na Zevsa. 8  Aid ili Hades odn. Ad se vilalo podzemnoto carstvo na mrtvite kaj starite Grci, a porano toa bilo imeto i na samiot gospodar negov Pluton. Aid na starogr~ki zna~elo ,,Nevid” t.e. nevidliv.

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  ,     ,  ,        ,       ,  é      ;9 ,         ,      ,     .         ,           , ,  ,             :             é        é, 10    ,    ,         ”.       : ,,é , ,     ,            ,         ;              ,      ,         .           ,,     ,             .         ,           ,    ,   ,             ,    11         .

9 

Artemida, kako i nejziniot brat bogot Apolon, starite ja zamisluvaa naoru`ena so lak i strela. Kaj Homera dvete ovie bo`estva se pretstaveni kako bezmilosni demoni na smrtta. Apolon gi ubiva ahajskite borci pod Troja, a sestra mu Artemida im gi odzema du{ite na `enite. `enite. Strelometna Strelometna i naj~estiot nejzin epitet epitet so koj taa taa podocna podocna se javuva i kako tipi~no bo`estvo na lovot. 10  Smeliot sin na Tideja e Diomed, eden od najslavnite ahajski junaci. 11  Starite borci nosea specijalni ko{uli od pancir ili panyir (metalni, obi~no bronzani alki ispleteni zdravo) za da se za{titat od neprijatelskoto oru`je (od kop jata, me~ovite i strelite). Po toa i go nosat epitetot panyironosec ahajskite borci.

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      ,      ,   é   ,12     , ,    .         :     ,       13 ,     .    ,            ,  .         ,           ”.         ;                ,   ,         ,         .        .        ,     ,     .           ,           : ,,   ,          ,   ,          .   :       ,           ,     ,      ”.            ,            ,     ,         : ,,    ,  ,  !            ,   , ,      ,      ,    .

12 

Hipereja i Meseida se vikaat dva izvora vo Tesalija (odn. Lakonija). 13   Epitetot kowokrotec go nosat naj~esto Trojancite i nivniot glaven pretstavitel i Predvodnik Hektor. Odgleduvaweto i ukrotuvaweto na kowi e od najstari vremiwa poznato kaj mnogu aziski narodi, a ova e tipi~no i za najstarite indoevropski plemiwa.

189

 

         ,   ,     ,    ,        ,   ,     ”.         ,    ,       ,       . :  .  

 

  ! 



•         ,,”    ?       ? •       ?      ? •          ? •        ,,” ?         ,,” !

190

 

                                                                      

       

                                                                                                         

       191

 

                                 

                        

                                                  

      

                

                                       192

 

            

                                      

                                                                                           

                               

    

                      193

 

   

I.                

                            

                            

                   

                       

         

        

       

              

                                                                  

       

              

  

                                   

        

                        

       

                            

               

194

 

                      

                                                                                

                                                   

                

               

        

          

                                          

                                                                    

                              

II.           

                 

              

                                   

195

 

                         

                                                  

      

                                     

                       

           

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           

                                     191 

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