High Tech Architecture

Slick Tech Architecture Or High Tech Architecture

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High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s,

incorporating elements of high-tech of  high-tech industry and technology into building design. I n the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Many of its of  its themes and ideas were absorbed into the language of the of  the post-modern architectural schools. Like Brutalism, Structural Expressionist buildings reveal their structure on the outside as well as the inside, but with visual emphasis placed on the concrete skeletal structure as opposed to exterior internal steel and/or concreteskeletal concrete walls. High-tech buildings are often called machine-like. Steel, aluminum, and glass combine with brightly colored braces, girders, and beams. Many of  the building parts are prefabricated in a factory and assembled later. T h e support beams, duct work, and other functional elements are placed on the exterior of the of  the building, where they become the focus of attention. of  attention. T h e interior spaces are open and adaptable for many uses. uses.       E       R       U       T       C

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CHARACTE CHAR ACTERSTICS RSTICS OF HIGH HIGH TECH ARCHITECTURE

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1 . S T Y L E L O O K S FU N CTIO N AL 2 . E X P E N S IV IV E S T R U C T U R E A N D S E R V I C E S 3 . S UP U P P OR OR T FUN CTIO NAL V I R T U E S A N D P R E S E N T A S NECESSITY 4. IN S I D E O U T 5 . T R AN SPA SPA R E N CY,L AY E R IN G A N D M OV OV E M E N T 6 . B R I G H T ,FLAT C O L O U R I N G 7. A LIGHT WEIGHT FILIGREE OF TENSILE MEMBERS 8 . E X P R E E S S T R U C T U R E A S O R N A M E N TA TA L O R D E R 9 . M A SS S S IV IV E S T R U C T U R A L E X P R E S S I O N I S T 1 0 . C L E A R L AY O U T A N D N AT AT U R A L L I G H T I N I N G 1 1 . C E L E B R AT AT I O N O F P R O C E S S

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1.INSIDE OUT The Services & Structure Of A Building A re Almost A lways E xposed O n The E xterior As A F orm O f O rnament O r Sculpture. 2.CELEBRATION OF PROCESS With the emphasis on constructon logic how, why,& what”of  the building its  joists,rivets ,flanges & ducts,there is an intellectual clarity which is pleasing for the very soul. The celebration of process often extends to things that are seen to work the mechanical plant and travelling crane are as omnipresent as the pediment & as the key stone are in classical architecture . 3.TRANSPERANCY,LAYERING, & MOVEMENT

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These three asthetic qualities almost without exception,extensive use of transulant & transperent glass, a layering of ducts, stairs and structure and the accentutaion of moving escalators and elevators characterise the high-tech buiding.

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4. BRIGHT FLAT COLOURING Bright colours are in much the same way used as the eng. Different kinds of Structures and services are distinguished and allowed them to be easily understood and effectively used. 5. A LIGHT WEIGHT FILIGREE OF TENSILE MEMBERS Light weight material used for the ornamentation of the building like the glass cover with steel frame.

6.OPMISTIC CONFIDENCE IN A SCIENTIFIC CULTURE:This results more in a method of working and attitude towards material, colours, and inventions than a compositional principle.

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ARCHITECTS

Sir Norman Foster

I.M. Pei Born: April 26, 1917

Born:

Florence, Italy

June 1, 1935 in Manchester, E ngland

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Sir Richard Rogers Born: July 23, 1933 in

Nicholas Grimshaw

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INTRODUCTION Pritzker Prize-winning British architect Norman Foster is famous for "High Tech" design that explores technological shapes and ideas.

BORN June 1, 1935 in Manchester, England

EARLY LIFE OF FOSTER

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B orn in a working class family, Norman F oster did not seem likely to become a famous architect. Although he was a good student in high school and showed an early interest in architecture, he did not enroll in college until he was 21 years old. F oster won numerous scholarships during his years at Manchester University, including one to attend Yale University in the United States.

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EDUCATION 1)Manchester University School of A rchitecture 2)Yale University

HIS PARTNERSHIP A t the beginning of his career, Foster worked as a member of  the successful "Team 4" firm with his wife, Wendy Foster, and the husband and wife team of R ichard R ogers and Sue R ogers. His own firm, Foster Associates, was founded in L ondon in 1967.

FOSTER AND ARCHITECTURE

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Foster Associates became known for "High Tech" design that explored technological shapes and ideas. In his work, Sir Norman Foster often uses off-site manufactured parts and the repetition of  modular elements.

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FAMOUS WORK OF FOSTER 1970-74: W I L L I S FA B E R A N D D U M A S B U I L D IN G , IPSWICH, U K 1977: SA IN S B U R Y C E N T R E , N O R W I C H , U K 1979-86: H O N G K O N G A N D S H A N G H A I B A N K , H O N G K O N G 1987-1991: C E N T U R Y T O W E R B U N K Y O -K U , T O K Y O , JAPAN 1987-1997: A M E R IC A N A I R M U S E U M , D U X F O R D , U K 1988-1995: M E T R O E N T R A N C E , B I L B A O , SPA IN 1989-1992: C R A N F I E L D U N IV E R S I T Y L I B R A RY , B E D F O R D S H I R E , U K 1990-1995: FAC U LT Y O F L AW ,U NI V E R S I T Y O F C A M B R I D G E , U K 1991-1993: LY C É E A L B E R T C A M U S, F R É J U S , F R A N C E 1991-97: C O M M E R Z B A N K , F R A N K F U R T, G E R M AN Y 1992-99: NE W G E R M AN PA R LI A ME NT, B E R L IN , G E R M A N Y 1995-2001: D A E W O O R E S E A R C H A N D D E V E L O P M E N T , S E O U L , SOUTH KOREA 2008: T E R M I N A L T 3 , B E I J I N G , C H I N A

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Sir norman foster has won numerous awards and honers, including 1999: Pritzker architecture prize 1997: Appointed by the queen to the order of merit 1983: Riba royal gold medal

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LONDON CITY HALL,LONDON Architect - Norman foster

Location - Southwark , london , england Completed - 2002 Style - High-tech modren Size: L ower ground level, Ground level, plus 9 stories

above. 185,000 S Q  F T City hall is the headquarters of the G R E AT E R L O N D O N A U T H O R I T Y ( G L A ) . It is located in southwark, on the south bank of the river thames near tower bridge. It was designed by norman foster and opened in july 2002. The G L A is located in an area needing the redevelopment, and with such a location, the government was able to claim their part in the regeneration process. The design of this building is also one that provided a symbolic break from the past. Contrary to some believe, the London Authority doesn’t       E       R       U       T       C

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actually own the G L A . THE ASSEMBLY CHAMBER HOUSES the 25 elected members

of the L ondon Assembly as well as the offices of the mayor

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FEATURES AND FLOOR PLANS:The building has an unusual, bulbous shape, intended to reduce its surface area and thus improve energy efficiency. It has been compared variously to Darth Vader's helmet, a misshapen egg, a woodlouse and a motorcycle helmet.

UNDERGROUND

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A t the top of the ten-story buildingis an exhibition and meeting space called "London's Living R oom", with an open viewing deck which is occasionally open to the public. The walkway provides views of  the interior of the building, and is intended to symbolise transparency.

1. Parking 2. Storage rooms 3. Physical plant 4. Outdoor amphitheater 5. Cafe 6. Information desk 7. Kitchen 8. Exhibition area 9. Committee room 10. Meeting room 11. Media center 12. Reception 13. Assemblychamber 14. Public viewing gallary 15. Library 16. Reading room 17. IT room 18. Ofiice 19 Open plan area 20 Terrace 21 London's Room

FIRST FLOOR

SIXTH L EV E L

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THE INTERIOR HELICAL STAIRCASE

A 500-metre (1,640 ft) helical walkway, reminiscent of that in New York's Solomon R . Guggenheim Museum, ascends the full height of the building. A t the top of the ten-story building is an exhibition and meeting space called "London's Living R oom", with an open viewing deck which is occasionally open to the public. The walkway provides views of the interior of  the building, and is intended to symbolise transparency. ORIENTATION: To further improved the shape and

performance of this building the sphere shape was skewed to more of an egg shape that leans South blocking the direct sunlight with it’s own shape. ORIENTATION

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SHADING: The egg shape is in itself a strategy for

passive design. The South side of the building leans back so the floor-plates step out over the windows below each other providing shade for the naturally ventilated offices.

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SECTION

AERIAL VIEW

N O R T H E L E VAT I O N

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W E S T E L E VAT I O N

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30 ST.MARY AXE Type:- Office Location:-St. Mary Axe,City of London Construction:- 2001 Completed:- 2003 Roof :- 180 m Floor Count:- 40 Floor Area:- 47950 sq.m Architect:- Foster and Partners Structural Engineer:- Arup

30St Mary Axe (formerly the Swiss Re Building, informally

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referred to as theGherkin) is a skyscraper in L ondon's financial district, the City of london,stands on the former site of the Baltic E xchange building, which was severely damaged on 10 April 1992 by the explosion of a bomb placed by the Provisional I R A . After the plans to build the Millenium Tower were dropped, the current building was designed by Norman Foster and Arup engineers, and was erected by Skanska in 2001 – 2003. The tower's topmost panoramic dome, known as the "lens", recalls the iconic glass dome which covered part

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F E AT U R E S Constructed

on a diagrid structure Made of 5,500 glass panels Only piece of curved glass is the lens R adial floor design with each floor is rotated 5° Set of six atriums two to six stories high

30 ST. M A R Y A X E

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from the base and then

narrows. Smaller footprint allows for a public plaza. A erodynamic shape creates less downdraft. Building shape allows for natural light.

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V E N T I L AT I O N A N D L I G H T Differing

air pressures and double skin façade allow for natural ventilation Solar blinds to reclaim or reject heat Windows and blinds are computer controlled Light level and motion sensor lights

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ENERGY USE:   Temperature

can be controlled in several separate zones on each floor    Windows open when external temperature is between 20°C and 26°C and wind speed is less than 10 mph    Building can potentially turn off mechanical temperature system 40% of the year    Main energy source is gas    Building was supposed to consume 50% less energy

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CENTURY TOWER, JAPAN

A rchitect: Norman Foster Year: 1987 To 1991 L ocation: Bunkyo-ku-tokyo, Japan Building Type: Commercial A nd Office Building.

F or the first time in Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank, century tower is not a corporate headquarters, but a prestige office block with a wide range of services , including a fitness center and a museum . The program is very specific and gave great freedom with respect to the image that the work would be needed to meet the agenda of the functional requirements and the strict rule that exists to build in central Tokyo.

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The building is located in Bunkyo-ku, in the heart of Tokyo, it occupies a site subject to complex zoning regulations due to be at the heart of the city. Mainly the building has two well-marked contrast, the urban and the Riverine, on the north side the building looks against a highly homogeneous compared completely urban only interrupted by the Hongo

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STRUCTURE AND MATERIALS

The building is founded on rollers that are designed to withstand an earthquake correctly to the steel structure is independent of using this The main entrance is located style of structural expressionism because at all on the south side of the building on Avenue 405, on times the structure is visible. The exterior is solved with a curtain wall, while the other side of this contrast the predominant material inside the glass walls look at the other building, a waterway with a lot of value and some ceilings, steel structure, the black granite is used in places where it occurs the water in the city, the Kanda River and wood is present in some doors and divisions. SPACES The response to the project was the design of the tower in two blocks, nineteen to twenty stories high, connected by a narrow atrium. The outer shape of the blocks is defined by the eccentrically braced frames, in response to the needs of earthquake engineering in a city where earthquakes and typhoons are very real threats.       E Inside the floors are double height spaces with mezzanines suspended       R       U between them, allowing office space free of columns and enjoy natural       T       C light and views.

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INTRODUCTION:R ichard George R ogers, Baron R ogers of R iverside (born 23 July 1933) is a British architect noted for his modernist and functionalist designs. R ogers was born in Florence in 1933 and attended the Architectural Association School of Architecture in L ondon, before graduating with a master’s degree from the Yale School of Architecture in 1962. While studying at Yale, R ogers met student Norman Foster and planning student Su Brufellow architecture mwell.

EARLY LIFE AND CARRER OF ROGER:-

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R ogers was born in Florence in 1933 and attended the A rchitectural Association of Architecture in L ondon, before graduating with a master’s degree from theYale School of Architecture in 1962.While studying at Yale, R ogers met fellow architecture student Norman Foster and planning student Su Brumwell. O n returning to E ngland he, Foster and Brumwell set up architectural practice as Team 4 with Wendy Cheeseman (Brumwell later married R ogers, Cheeseman married Foster).Rogers and Foster earned a reputation for what was later termed by the media high tech architecture

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HIS FAMOUS WORKS:Lloyd's building, L ondon, U K (1978 – 84) Fleetguard Manufacturing Plant, Quimper ,France (1979 – 1981) In mos microprocessor factory ,Newport ,Wales (1980 – 1982) [ PA Technology Centre, Princeton, New Jersey ,U SA (1982 – 1985) Old Billingsgate Market ,L ondon, U K (1985 – 1988) Centre Commercial St. Herbain, Nantes ,F rance (1986 – 1987) The Deckhouse, Thames R each, L ondon, U K (1986 – 1989) Paternoster Square,L ondon, U K (1987) 45 Royal Avenue, L ondon, U K (1987) R euters Data C entre, L ondon, U K (1987 – 1992) Kabuki-cho Tower, Tokyo, Japan (1987 – 1993) Antwerp L aw Courts, Belgium (2000 – 2006) 88 Wood Street L ondon, U K (1990 – 1999) Tower Bridge House, L ondon, U K (1990 – 2005) Daimler complex, Potsdamer Platz , Berlin (1993 – 1999) Palais de Justice de Bordeaux, B ordeaux ,F rance (1993 – 1999) Montevetro, L ondon, U K (1994 – 2000) Lloyd's R egister building, L ondon, U K (1995 – 1999) Minami-Yamashiro Primary School, near K yoto ,Japan (1995 – 2003) Millennium Dome, L ondon, U K (1996 – 1999)

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LLOYD'S BUILDING A rchitect: R ichard R ogers L ocation: 1 lime street, city of L ondon. Date: 1978 to 1986 Building Type: Office Building. Antenna Spire: 93.1 m (312 ft) Roof: 88m (289 ft) Floor count: 14

CREATOR’S WORD

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"Buildings are not idiosyncratic private institutions: they give public performances both to the user and the passerby. Thus the architect's responsibility must go beyond the client's program and into the broader public realm. Though the client's program offers the architect a point of departure, it must be questioned, as the architectural solution lies in the complex and often contradictory interpretation of the needs of the individual, the institution, the place and history. The recognition of history as a principle constituent of the program and an ultimate model of legitimacy is a radical addition to the theories of the Modern Movement."

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The lloyd's building (also sometimes known as the inside-out building

SITE PLAN

FLOOR PLAN

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The building was innovative in having its services such as staircases, lifts, electrical power conduits and water pipes on the outside, leaving an uncluttered space inside. The building consists of three main towers and three service towers around a central, rectangular space. Its focal point is the large underwriting room on the ground floor, which houses the famous lutine bell. On the ground floor of the atrium sits the Lutine Bell, salvaged from the French frigate L a Lutine which surrendered to the British in 1793. The bell is rung once for good news and twice for bad, and the expansive atrium carries the sound to everyone in the building.

The underwriting room is overlooked by galleries, forming a 60 metres (197 ft) high atrium lit naturally through a huge barrel-vaulted glass roof.

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The services of the building are exposed. The external wall is claded with sparkel glass and deep mullions the holes cut the mullions not only reduce the weight; they also increase the amount of light reaching the façade. The first four galleries open onto the atrium space, and are connected by escalators through the middle of the structure. The higher floors are glassed-in, and can only be reached via the outside lifts.

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T H E E X P O S E D SE RV ICE S OF T H E BU ILD ING I N N E R V IE W

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A t the heart of the building is a huge atrium, 14 floors and 76 meters (249 feet) tall. T he total possible underwriting area is 19,000 square metres. The building's height rises from seven storeys on the south elevation through a series of terraces to its full height on the north side. SECTION THROUGH THE BU ILD ING

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33,510 cubic metres of concrete were used in the building's construction, as were 12,000 square metres of glass, 30,000 square metres of stainless steel cladding, 5,000 square metres of  anodised aluminium frame and 2,000 square metres of painted steel. E L E VAT I O N

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INTRODUCTION:Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, (born 9 October 1939) is a

prominent E nglish architect particularly noted for several modernist buildings, including L ondon's Water L oo International Project and the Eden Project in Cornwall. In late 2004, He was elected President of the Royal A cademy Born in Hove, East Sussex, G rimshaw inherited an interest in engineering .He is also reputed to have displayed an early interest in construction; his boyhood interests included Meccano building tree houses and boats.

EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION OF ROGER:-

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He was educated at Wellington College. From 1959 to 1962, he studied at the E dinburgh College of Architecture before winning a scholarship to attend the Architectural A ssociation in L ondon, where he won further scholarships to travel to Sweden in 1963 and the United States in 1964. He graduated from the A A in 1965 with an honours diploma, and having entered into a partnership with Terry Farrell, he joined the Royal Institute of Architects two years

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LORD’S CRICKET GROUND ARCHITECT - Nicholas grimshaw LOCATION - St john's wood, london ESTABLISHED - 1814 STYLE - High-tech modren

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L ord's Cricket G round (generally known as L ord's) is a cricket venue in St John's Wood, L ondon. L ord's is widely referred to as the "home of cricket" and is home to the world's oldest sporting museum. L ord's today is not on its original site, being the third of three grounds that L ord established between 1787 and 1814. His first ground, now referred to as L ord's O ld Ground, His second ground, L ord's Middle G round, was used from 1811 to 1813 The present L ord's ground is about 250 yards (230 m) north-west of the site of the Middle G round.

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The ground can currently hold up to 32,000 spectators. The two ends of the pitch are the Pavilion E nd (south-west), where the main members' Pavilion is located, and the Nursery E nd (north-east), dominated by the Media Centre. The Pavilion also contains the dressing rooms where players change, each of which has a small balcony for players to watch the play. In each of the two main dressing rooms are honours boards which commemorate all the centuries scored in Test matches on the Lord’s ground and all instances       E       R       U       T       C

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of a bowler's taking five wickets in a Test innings and ten wickets in a Test match.

T O P V IE W

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T he Pavilion also contains the dressing rooms where players change, each of which has a small balcony for players to watch the play. In each of the two main dressing rooms are honours boards which commemorate all the centuries scored in Test matches on the Lord’s ground and all instances of a bowler's taking five wickets in a Test innings and ten wickets in a Test match.

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Born:-

April 26, 1917 (age 94) Canton (Guangzhou), China Nationality:- American Alma mater :- Massachusetts Institute of  Technology Ieoh Ming Pei (born April 26, 1917), commonly known as I. M. Pei, is an Chinese architect, often called a master of modern architect Born in Canton,China and raised in Hong Kong and Shanghai, Pei drew inspiration at an early age from the gardens at Suzhou. In 1935 he moved to the United States and enrolled in the University of Pennsylvania's architecture school, but quickly transferred to the M.I.T. He was unhappy with the focus at both schools on Beaux Arts School, and spent his free time researching the emerging architects, especially Le Corbusier.

I.M .PIE

EARLY LIFE AND CARRER OF PIE:-

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As Pei neared the end of his secondary education, he decided to study at an overseas university. He was accepted to a number of schools, but decided to enroll at the .Pei's choice had two roots. While studying in Shanghai, he had closely examined the catalogs for various institutions of higher learning around the world. The architectural program at the University of Pennsylvania stood out to him.

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AWARDS:Royal Gold

Medal A IA Gold Medal Presidential Medal of Freedom Pritzker A ward

STYLE:Pei's style is described as thoroughly modernist, with significant cubist themes.He is known for combining traditional architectural elements with progressive designs based on simple geometric patterns. As one critic writes: "Pei has been aptly described as combining a classical sense of form with a contemporary mastery of method.”

FAMOUS BUILDING:John       E       R       U       T       C

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K Kennedy Library National Gallery of Art Louvre Pyramid, Paris Bank of China Tower, Hong Kong Museum of Islamic art,Doha