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KBDJ Brkbm Jibrockucf Opfrktors Boursf (@fvf` ;) KBDJ;

Qrkililc & Fxkjilktiol Rfrvibfs Crkltk Wkrm, Crfkt Keilctol Bkjeriacf BE5; 4K@, VM Bopyricht © QSI @ta

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boltflts Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

KBDJ Brkbm Jibrockucf Opfrktors Boursf (@fvf` ;) Boltflts Rfbtiol

Ruenfbt

; ;.; ;.5 ;.2 ;.1 ;.6 ;.4 ;.3 ;.8 ;.9

Ovfrvifw od LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol kla Rizilc F`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliqufs, k erifd history Cflfrk` ovfrvifw Tisuk` ilspfbtiol Jkclftib pkrtib`f ilspfbtiol (JWI) Ayf pflftrklts F`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliqufs dor wf`a ilspfbtiol V`trksolib tfstilc Qijf-od-d`icht aiddrkbtiol (QODA) K`tfrlktilc burrflt potfltik` aiddfrflbf (KBWA)

5

Eksib F`fbtribity kla Jkclftisj

5.; 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.6 5.4

Eksib ulits usfa il thf jfksurfjflt od f`fbtribity Airfbt burrflt birbuits Ohjs `kw Ufsistklbf (ℤ) Jkclftib fddfbt od f`fbtrib burrflt Jkclftib thfory

2 2.; 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.6 2.4

Eksib Wrilbip`fs od Faay Burrflt Qfstilc F`fbtribk` bolaubtivity () Jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity (¶) Drfquflby od thf tfst (d) Afpth od pflftrktiol F`fbtrojkclftib fddfbts Faay burrflt cflfrktiol kla aftfbtiol

2.3 1 1.;

Dkbtors kddfbtilc faay burrflts Eksib Wrilbip`fs od KBWA KBWA

6 6.; 6.5 6.2 6.1

K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KDBJ) Eksis od thf tfbhliquf Burrflt d`ow ‒ Ex kla Ez rf`ktiolship @ijitktiols od f`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliqufs dor wf`a ilspfbtiol Bojpkrisol eftwffl KBDJ kla faay burrflt dor wf`a ilspfbtiol

4 4.; 4.5 4.2

QRJ KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Hkrawkrf Rodtwkrf KBDJ proef typfs

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boltflts Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

3 3.; 3.5 3.2

Opfrktiol od Bojputfr Eksib Bojjklas Bojputfr opfrktiols rf`ktfa to KBDJ opfrktiols Arivfs kla airfbtorifs Silaows

8 8.; 8.5

KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Iltroaubtiol Rodtwkrf ilstk``ktiol

8.2 8.1 8.6 8.4

Wroef di`f ilstk``ktiol KRRIRQklt sodtwkrf dor Kjico V;9 KRRIRQ @itf sodtwkrf dor Kjico V;9 Hot mfys

9 9.; 9.5 9.2 9.1 9.6 9.4

Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Brkbm Riclk`s @ilf boltkbts kla ju`tip`f brkbms Cfojftry Jktfrik`s Rfkj wf`as Facfs kla borlfrs

;7 ;7.;

Wroef Opfrktor Erifdilc Ufquirfjflts Wrfpkrktiol od ilspfbtiol krfk

;7.5 ;7.2

Wroefs Wroef opfrktor erifdilc shfft

;; ;;.;

Dulbtiol Bhfbm Dulbtiol tfst e`obm

;5 ;5.;

Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf Rfttilc sbkl spffa, bojjs rktf or skjp`f rktf

;2 ;2.;

Afdfbt Rizilc Rizilc dor `flcth

;1 ;1.; ;1.5 ;1.2

Ufportilc kla Wriltilc Ufport shffts Wriltilc aktk Fxkjp`f od prilt dorjkt

;6 ;6.; ;6.5

Qroue`fshootilc Lo bojjulibktiols with thf ilstrujflt Tfry loisy aktk

;4 ;4.; ;4.5 ;4.2 ;4.1 ;4.6

Bkrf kla Jkiltflklbf od Fquipjflt Ruesfk ulit Wroefs Rtorkcf bolaitiols Bollfbtors Ilstrujflt kla bke`fs

;3

Boursf Fxfrbisfs

Kppflaix K Fssfltik` kla Ufbojjflafa Ufkailc Kppflaix E KBDJ Qfbhlibk` @itfrkturf

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Rfbtiol ; Ovfrvifw od LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol kla Rizilc

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Ovfrvifw LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol & Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

;

Ovfrvifw od LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol kla Rizilc

;.;

F`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliqufs, k erifd history F`fbtrojkclftib lol-afstrubtivf tfstilc (FJA) wks dirst kpp`ifa il its usuk` sflsf ey Ar Dôrstfr il thf ;917s, to kssfss tuefs il proaubtiol with flbirb`ilc boi`s. Il thf fkr`y ;967s k hich drfquflby faay burrflt systfj wks afvf`opfa to aftfbt brkbms il kirbrkdt, dirst usfa ol thf Bojft kir`ilfr. Qhf dirst joafrl tfst sfts usilc ijpfaklbf p`klf aisp`ky ilstrujflts wfrf iltroaubfa il thf fkr`y ;937s ey Kutojktiol Ilaustrifs, do``owilc afvf`opjflt od thf storkcf osbi``osbopf. Aicitk` sbrffl aisp`kys stkrtfa kppfkrilc il thf fkr`y ;987s. Qhf dirst fviaflbf od wf`a ilspfbtiol efilc bkrrifa out ey FJA jky hkvf effl ol ship hu``s usilc thf KJ@FB ilstrujflt il thf jia ;947s. Afvf`opfa ey thf Kajirk`ty Jktfrik`s @keorktory kla `ktfr jkrmftfa ey Hobmilc F`fbtrolibs (low Hobmilc LAQ). Qhoreurl Qfbhlibs proaubfa kl faay burrflt ilstrujflt dor wf`a ilspfbtiol il thf fkr`y ;987s do``owfa ey thf KTIO ilstrujflt droj Hobmilc. Qhf thfory od KBDJ wks afvf`opfa kt Vlivfrsity Bo``fcf @olaol, dulafa ey thf So`dsol Ilstitutf= ks k lol-boltkbt afvf`opjflt od KBWA. Fvfltuk``y Qfbhlibk` Rodtwkrf Bolsu`tklts (QRB) jkrmftfa thf systfj kla thf dirst bojjfrbik` systfj wks rf`fksfa il ;99;. Il ;996 QRB jkrmftfa thf dirst od thfir Krrky proef systfjs.  K`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) is k tfbhliquf whibh bkl ef usfa to dila kla sizf surdkbf-erfkmilc afdfbts kla bkl ef usfa throuch lol-bolaubtivf boktilcs.

;.5

Cflfrk` ovfrvifw Il fxbfss od 67 LAQ tfbhliqufs krf kvki`ke`f dor usf kt prfsflt, eut lot k`` bkl sflsie`y ef kpp`ifa to thf aftfbtiol od surdkbf brkbms fspfbik``y ulafrwktfr. Fkbh krf tfbhliquf hks kavkltkcfs, kpp`ibktiols= sojf usfa so`f`y ks brkbm aftfbtiolaiskavkltkcfs jfthoas othfrskla dor sizilc kla k dfw bkl kaarfss sojf aftfbtiol kla sizilc rfquirfjflts. Bojjol jfthoas od LAQ wfrf afvf`opfa ey thf kfrospkbf ilaustrifs kla kakptfa dor kutojotivf kla ship eui`ailc ilaustrifs, eut lot k`` thfsf jfthoas bkl ef kpp`ifa il kl ulafrwktfr flviroljflt. Qhf do``owilc is k `ist od thf jost bojjol tfbhliqufs thkt bkl ef usfa dor brkbm aftfbtiol>          

Tisuk`. Jkclftib pkrtib`f ilspfbtiol (JWI). Ayf pflftrklt. V`trksolib. F`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliqufs.

;-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Ovfrvifw LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol & Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Qhf krfks od kpp`ibktiol od sojf od thf bojjol`y usfa jfthoas subbfssdu``y kpp`ifa to surdkbf dkticuf brkbm aftfbtiol kla sizilc krf afsbriefa ef`ow>

;.2

Tisuk` ilspfbtiol @obktfs visie`f afdfbts kla aisboltiluitifs kla surdkbf-erfkmilc afdfbts whibh bkl ef quitf sjk`` il thf bksf od b`osf visuk` ilspfbtiol od wf`as, ftb. Qhf jkil aiskavkltkcf is lo pfrjklflt rfbora is proaubfa, thus it is opfl to iltfrprftktiol od thf ilaiviauk`. Tisuk` ilspfbtiol civfs kl ovfrk`` kpprfbiktiol od thf cflfrk` bolaitiol od thf strubturf kla lorjk``y dk``s ilto two bktfcorifs.

;.2.;

Cflfrk` visuk` ilspfbtiol (CTI) Qopsiaf il kir, CTI is usfa to proaubf k rfport od thf cflfrk` bolaitiol od thf wf`a prior to ilspfbtiol ey othfr jfthoas. Vlafrwktfr, this typf od ilspfbtiol is cflfrk``y usfa to kssfss jkrilf crowth, jknor physibk` afdfbts, aferis, sbour, BW survfys. CTI bkl ef kiafa kla rfborafa ey thf usf od BBQT sti`` photocrkphy.

;.2.5

B`osf visuk` ilspfbtiol (BTI) Wkrtibu`kr`y ijportklt whfrf wf`a afdfbts jky kddfbt il-sfrvibf ilspfbtiol rfsu`ts. Vlafrwktfr, BTI is lorjk``y bkrrifa out il thf vibility od k wf`a kla rfquirfs rfjovk` od jkrilf crowth kla obbksiolk``y pkilt boktilcs to kttkil k jorf aftki`fa kssfssjflt od akjkcf kla wf`a bolaitiol. Aktuj rfdfrflbf poilts wi`` lorjk``y ef fstke`ishfa kt thf olsft od ilspfbtiol so thkt k afdfbt bkl ef jolitorfa boltiluous`y kla BBQT kla/or sti`` photocrkphy lorjk``y rfbora BTI. Dor il-afpth kssfssjflt od k dfkturf photocrkjjftry bkl ef usfa to proaubf k 2A ijkcf. Qhf aftfbtiol bkpkei`ity od BTI ulafrwktfr hks lfvfr effl jfksurfa il jftk`s eut it is rfksolke`f to kssujf thkt ol`y suestkltik` brkbms bkl ef rf`ike`y aftfbtfa= brkbms od lot `fss thkl 577jj `flcth. Qopsiaf thf jkil rfquirfjflts krf kafquktf b`fklilc kla `ichtilc.  KBDJ BTI wi`` lorjk``y ef bkrrifa out prior to thf KBDJ ilspfbtiol to dila krfks thkt bou`a show up ks lol-rf`fvklt siclk`s ol thf systfj. Qhf jknor `ijitktiols od visuk` ilspfbtiol krf>          

Bkl ol`y ef usfa to kssfss surdkbf-erfkmilc afdfbts. Bkllot dila vfry dilf afdfbts. Bkllot kssfss thf afpth od afdfbts. Opfl to thf iltfrprftktiol od thf ilspfbtor. Hich `fvf` od b`fklilc rfquirfa.

;-5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Ovfrvifw LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol & Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

;.1

Jkclftib pkrtib`f ilspfbtiol (JWI) Bkl ef usfa to dila vfry dilf surdkbf-erfkmilc or s`icht`y sue-surdkbf afdfbts (AB ol`y) eut ol`y il dfrrojkclftib jktfrik`s (thosf whibh bkl ef strolc`y jkclftisfa) kla bkl ef usfa dor `flcth sizilc eut lot afpth sizilc. JWI is pfrhkps thf jost bojjol`y usfa surdkbf brkbm aftfbtiol jfthoa. Qhf surdkbf ulafr ilspfbtiol just ef b`fklfa to RK 5;/5 (au`` jktt jftk` crit e`kstfa surdkbf) or kl fquivk`flt stklakra. Qhfrf is lo pfrjklflt rfbora od rfsu`ts usilc JWI, k`thouch photocrkphy kla rfp`ibktiol jfthoas hkvf effl usfa to rfbora it kla BBQT bkl k`so rfbora JWI il bfrtkil birbujstklbfs. Qhf jkclftib dif`a bou`a ef kpp`ifa ey fithfr k yomf (f`fbtrojkclft), or pfrjklflt jkclft kla ulafrwktfr jkclftisj is ey boi`s wrkppfa roula thf skjp`f ulafr tfst. Qhf jkclftib dif`a dor JWI shou`a fithfr bross thf brkbm kt 977 or ef pfrpflaibu`kr to it. JWI bkusfs d`ux `fkmkcf kt thf brkbm sitf, lot visie`f to thf lkmfa fyf, eut jkaf visie`f ey jkclftib ilm, whibh thfl wi`` fithfr ef visie`f itsf`d, or jky ef i``ujilktfa ulafr VT `icht. JWI is usuk``y cooa kt aftfbtiol od afdfbts kla usilc k VT systfj it is ke`f to aftfbt brkbms od 6jj `olc kla `fss il wf`as. Qypibk` afpth sflsitivitifs stkrt kt kroula 7.6jj eut JWI bkllot ef usfa dor afpth sizilc. Boltrkst pkilt systfjs kppfkr jubh jorf vkrike`f il pfrdorjklbf kla vfry `krcf brkbms hkvf effl jissfa il trik`s. Kavkltkcfs            

Fksifr thkl KBDJ dor kssfssjflt od brkzf brkbmilc. Efttfr dor shk``ow brkbms. Fksifr dor brkbms rullilc trklsvfrsf. Jky ef fksifr dor ticht cfojftry. Jky ef fksifr dor usf whi`f crilailc (civfs visuk` ilaibktiol). @fss bojp`fx fquipjflt.

Aiskavkltkcfs            

;.6

Ufquirfs hich `fvf` od b`fklilc. Uf`ktivf`y s`ow bojpkrfa with KBDJ. Aofs lot proaubf k pfrjklflt rfbora. Hkla writtfl rfports ol`y (cflfrk``y). Bkllot ef usfa ol lol-jkclftib jktfrik`s. Opfrktor just rfboclisf kla iltfrprft afdfbts.

Ayf pflftrklts Vsfa to kssfss surdkbf-erfkmilc afdfbts= it worms ey k `iquia efilc arkwl ilto thf afdfbt ey bkpi``kry kbtiol, k afvf`opfr is thfl kpp`ifa kla thf `iquia arkwl ekbm out od thf afdfbt `fkvilc k visuk` ilaibktiol od thf positiol kla

;-2

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Ovfrvifw LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol & Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

`flcth od thf afdfbt. Ayf pflftrklts krf usfa fxtflsivf`y dor brkbm aftfbtiol il jkly ilaustrifs eut usuk``y lot id JWI bkl ef kpp`ifa. Qhis jky ef dor lol-dfrritib jktfrik`s or dor aiddfrflt jftk` typfs il wf`a kla pkrflt jftk`. Wflftrklts jky ef aiddibu`t to kpp`y ol wf`as efbkusf od thf rouch surdkbf. Kavkltkcfs            

Bkl ef usfa ol jftk`s kla lol-jftk`s. Cooa dor aftfbtiol od brkzf brkbmilc. Cooa ol shk``ow afdfbts. Civfs k v visuk` isuk` ilaibktiol (k`thouch this jk jky ys sprfka prfka id `fdt too `olc). Tfry sflsitivf ol cooa surdkbfs. Civfs surdkbf `flcth.

Aiskavkltkcfs  

Bkllot ef usfa ulafrwktfr.   Aiddibu`t to kssfss ol rouch surdkbfs `imf wf`as.   Lo afpth sizilc.   Just hkvf vfry b`fkl surdkbf.

;.4

F`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliqufs dor wf`a ilspfbtiol Faay burrflt ilspfbtiol is eksfa ol ilaubilc f`fbtribk` burrflts il thf jktfrik` efilc ilspfbtfa kla oesfrvilc thf iltfrkbtiol eftwffl thosf burrflts kla thf jktfrik`. Faay burrflts krf cflfrktfa ey boi`s il thf tfst proef kla jolitorfa siju`tklfous`y ey jfksurilc thf boi`s f`fbtribk` ijpfaklbf. Ks it is kl f`fbtrojkclftib ilaubtiol probfss, airfbt f`fbtribk` boltkbt with thf skjp`f is lot rfquirfa= howfvfr, thf jktfrik` just ef kl f`fbtribk` bolaubtor. Kavkltkcfs  

Rflsitivf to surdkbf afdfbts.



  Bkl Bkl aftfbt aftfbt throuch throuch surdkbf sfvfrk` `kyfrs. boktilcs.   Kbburktf bolaubtivity jfksurfjflts.   Bkl ef kutojktfa.   @itt`f prf-b`fklilc rfquirfa.   Wortkei`ity.  

Aiskavkltkcfs  

Tfry susbfptie`f to pfrjfkei`ity bhklcfs.   Ol`y ol bolaubtivf jktfrik`s.   Si`` lot aftfbt afdfbts pkrk``f` to surdkbf.   Lot suitke`f dor `krcf krfks kla/or bojp`fx cfojftrifs. 

  Riclk` iltfrprftktiol rfquirfa.

;-1

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Ovfrvifw LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol & Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

 

Lo pfrjklflt rfbora (ul`fss kutojktfa).   F`fbtrojkclftib krrkys dor `krcf krfk il ilspfbtiol spfbtiol hkvf e effl ffl iltroa iltroaubfa ubfa with thf kavkltkcf od lot rfquirilc k `flcth jfksurfjflt or fxkbt p`kbfjflt od thf proef kla hkvf thfrfdorf effl kpp`ifa to kutojktib or roeotib afp`oyjflt.

;.3

V`trksolib tfstilc Jfksurfs thf tijf dor hich drfquflby (7.6-67JHz) pu`sfs od u`trksoula to trkvf` throuch thf ilspfbtiol jktfrik`. Id k aisboltiluity is prfsflt, thf u`trksoula rfd`fbts ekbm to thf proef il k tijf othfr thkl thkt kppropriktf to cooa jktfrik`. Kavkltkcfs          

Rflsitivf to brkbms kt vkrious orifltktiols. Wortkei`ity. Rkdfty. Ke`f to pflftrktf thibm sfbtiols. Jfksurfs afpth kla throuch wk`` fxtflt.

Aiskavkltkcfs  

Lo pfrjklflt rfbora (ul`fss kutojktfa).   Lot fksi`y kpp`ifa to bojp`fx cfojftrifs kla rouch surdkbfs.   Vlsuitfa to bokrsf crkilfa jktfrik`s.   Uf`iklt upol afdfbt orifltktiol.

;.8

Qijf-od-d`icht aiddrkbtiol (QODA) Qhf tijf-od-d`icht aiddrkbtiol (QODA) u`trksolib tfbhliquf is efilc ilbrfksilc`y usfa dor brkbm sizilc ol sijp`f cfojftrifs k`thouch rfquirilc jorf bojp`fx fquipjflt. It is jost drfquflt`y usfa ol sijp`f cfojftrifs dor aftfbtiol kla sizilc od brkbms ol thf sbkllfa surdkbf, eut thfy lffa to ef crfktfr thkl keout 2-1jj affp (ol wf`as) kla throuch thibmlfss aijflsiol od thf brkbm is jfksurfa.            

Bkl ef u usfa sfa to kss kssfss fss thf a afpth fpth od k surdkbf-erfkmilc afdfbt. Bkllot ef usfa ol kwmwkra cfojftry. Qhrouch thibmlfss aijflsiol is jfksurfa. Ufquirfs cooa surdkbf. Sorms throuch boktilcs id th thfy fy krf il cooa bolaitiol. Bkllot ef usfa ol afdfbts `fss thkl 2jj affp.

;-6

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Ovfrvifw LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol & Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

 

Roula is aiddrkbtfa kt thf tip od thf brkbm

Dicurf ;.; Qijf-od-d`icht aiddrkbtiol.

;.9

V`trksolib brffpilc wkvf V`trksolib brffpilc wkvf tfbhliqufs krf k`so usfa dor surdkbf brkbm aftfbtiol prilbipk``y kt wf`a tofs. It bkl aftfbt brkbms ks sjk`` ks ;jj affp eut rfquirfs k dkvourke`f orifltktiol od thf brkbm dor it to civf k rfd`fbtiol od thf soula. Brkbms up to 57jj affp kt kl klc`f to thf efkj bkl ef jissfa bojp`ftf`y.

Wroef

 Klc`f od brkbm ijportklt dor aftfbtiol Dicurf ;.5 V`trksolib brffpilc wkvf.

Wroef

 Klc`f aofs lot rfd`fbt siclk` ekbm to thf proef

Dicurf ;.2 V`trksolib brffpilc wkvf, siclk` `oss auf to ilborrfbt orifltktiol od afdfbt.

;.;7

K`tfrlktilc burrflt potfltik` aiddfrflbf (KBWA)  KBWA is usfa dor afpth sizilc ol k surdkbf-erfkmilc afdfbt, whibh hks lorjk``y effl doula usilc klothfr tfbhliquf subh ks JWI. K hich stklakra od b`fklilc is rfquirfa= kla thf afpth sizilc oetkilfa is usuk``y rf`ike`f fxbfpt whfl sfvfrf b`osurf obburs. Eoth KBWA kla KBDJ tfbhliqufs civf k jfksurfjflt od thf afpth k`olc thf brkbm, lot thf throuch wk`` thibmlfss aijflsiols. KBWA is cflfrk``y lot

;-4

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Ovfrvifw LAQ Qfbhliqufs dor Rurdkbf Brkbm Aftfbtiol & Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

usfa dor `flcth sizilc ks thf tijf sbk`f wou`a ef ijprkbtibke`f. Qhf prilbip`f od thf KBWA tfbhliquf is bovfrfa `ktfr il thf lotfs ks KBWA rf`ktfs to KBDJ quitf b`osf`y. Kavkltkcfs  

Cooa dor sfbtiolilc thf afdfbt.   Opfrktor smi`` rfquirfa is `ow.   Cooa dor jolitorilc brkbm crowth. Aiskavkltkcfs          

Hich b`fklilc stklakra. KBWA is usfa do dorr brkbm afpth s sizilc izilc od afdfbts, whibh hkvf e effl ffl `obktfa usilc klothfr jfthoa (lot dor aftfbtiol). Hich stklakra od b`fklilc is rfquirfa. Si`` lo lott jfks jfksurf urf throu throuch ch th thibmlfss, ibmlfss, eut rkthfr k`olc k`olc thf brkbm. Lot cooa dor short affp af afdfbts. dfbts. @flcth just ef kt `fkst twibf thf afpth (5>;).

 KBDJ or KBWA kssfssjflt od brkbm afpth, k`olc thf dkbf od thf brkbm.

QODA kssfssjflt od brkbm afpth, throuch thibmlfss

Dicurf ;.1 Bojpkrisol od jfksurfjflts bkrrifa out ey QODA kla KBDJ or  KBWA.

Qke`f ;.; Bojpkrisol ;.; Bojpkrisol od LAQ tfbhliqufs ks aisbussfa

Qfbhliquf

Jktfrik`

Boktilcs

B`fklilc rfquirfjflt

Qypibk` aftfbtiol bkpkei`ity jilijuj afdfbt afpth, jj

JWI

Jkclftib

Lolf

Hich

7.6-2

Cooa

@ow

Ayf Wflftrklt

 K``

Lolf

Hich

-

Cooa

@ow

F`fbtrojkclftib

Bolaubtilc

Ilsu`kti Ilsu`ktilc lc

@ow

;-5

Jfaiuj

Hich

V`trksolib BS

 K``

Kahfrflt

Hich

;+

Jfaiuj

Jfaiuj

V`trksolib (QODA)

 K``

Kahfrflt

Hich

2-1

Aiddibu`t

Hich

 KBWA

Bolaubtilc

Lolf

Hich

;

Jfaiuj

Jfaiuj

Vsf ol bojp`fx cfojftrifs

Fquipjflt bojp`fxity

;-3

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Rfbtiol 5 Eksib F`fbtribity kla Jkclftisj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib F`fbtribity kla Jkclftisj Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

5

Eksib F`fbtribity kla Jkclftisj

5.;

Eksib ulits usfa il thf jfksurfjflt od f`fbtribity

5.5

To`t  Kjpfrf Ohjs Hflrys

Jfksurf od f`fbtribk` potfltik` (thf kei`ity to bkrry out worm) Jfksurf od thf f`fbtribk` burrflt d`owilc il k birbuit Jfksurf od thf rfsistklbf od k birbuit Jfksurf od thf ilaubtklbf il k boi`

Sktts

Jfksurf od thf output od k birbuit (powfr)

Airfbt burrflt birbuits Wotfltik`, burrflt kla rfsistklbf Airfbt burrflt (AB) oricilktfs droj k bhfjibk` sourbf, lorjk``y k ekttfry, or k supp`y proaubfa droj jkils powfr, thf output supp`y is jfksurfa il vo`ts. AB d`ows whfl k birbuit od bolaubtilc jktfrik`s noils thf two output tfrjilk`s od thf supp`y. Qhf kjoult od f`fbtribity d`owilc pfr ulit tijf is bk``fa thf burrflt (I) jfksurfa il kjps. Ufsistklbf (U), jfksurfa il ohjs is thf oppositiol put up ey thf birbuit to thf d`ow od f`fbtribity throuch thkt birbuit. Qhf burrflt thkt d`ows is proportiolk` to thf vo`tkcf kla thf totk` rfsistklbf il thf birbuit. Qhfy krf rf`ktfa ey thf fquktiol>

5.2

Ohjs `kw Ufsistklbf il U or ℤ : T:I x U=I:

T U

, U:

To`tkcf il T Burrflt il I

 

T   I

T I

T:I x U=I:

T U

, U:

U

T   I

T : To`ts I : Burrflt U : Ufsistklbf

5.1

Ufsistklbf (  ) Qhf oppositiol to f`fbtribk` d`ow il k jktfrik`, it is proportiolk` to thf `flcth od thf bolaubtor kla ilvfrsf`y proportiolk` to thf bross sfbtiolk` krfk. K`` bolaubtivf jktfrik`s fxbfpt supfrbolaubtors hkvf k aiddfrflt vk`uf kla this is bk``fa rfsistivity> Ufsistivity rho () is jfksurfa il ohjs-jftrfs Qotk` rfsistklbf od k bolaubtor :

Ufsistivity x `flcth  Krfk

 

5-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib F`fbtribity kla Jkclftisj Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Qhf ilvfrsf od rfsistivity is bk``fa bolaubtivity sicjk ( ) kla is jfksurfa il jhos/jftrf. Bolaubtivity x krfk

Bolaubtklbf :

@flcth

 

Bolaubtivity is thf jost drfquflt`y usfa pkrkjftfr od k jktfrik` jfksurfa ey faay burrflt. Bolaubtivity vk`ufs krf drfquflt`y fxprfssfa ks k pfrbfltkcf od thf bolaubtivity od boppfr (IKBR : iltfrlktiolk` kllfk`fa boppfr stklakra). Rojf typibk` vk`ufs od jktfrik`s krf> Boppfr  K`ujiliuj Rtff`s Ri`vfr

5.6

: ;77% : 17-47% (afpflaflt ol k``oy) : 5-1% : ;;7%

Jkclftib fddfbt od f`fbtrib burrflt Shfl kl f`fbtrib burrflt d`ows il bolaubtilc jktfrik` it bkusfs k jkclftib dif`a to d`ow kroula thf bolaubtor, thf airfbtiol this dif`a d`ows is showl ey D`fjilcs richt hkla ru`f. Qhf dif`a hks jkly od thf propfrtifs od k pfrjklflt jkclftib dif`a (sff ef`ow), kla thf kavkltkcf thkt it bkl ef turlfa ol kla odd. It is birbu`kr roula thf wirf= kla wrkppilc thf wirfs il k boi` bkl ilbrfksf thf dif`a strflcth.

5.4

Jkclftib thfory Dif`a strflcth (H) Rtrflcth od thf fxtfrlk` jkclftisilc dorbf kpp`ifa to k jktfrik`, this dif`a wi`` ef tflailc to sft up k jkclftib dif`a il thf jktfrik` kla thf ulits krf thf  Kjpfrf Qurls / jftrf kla thf syjeo` syjeo` is H. H.   Jkclftib d`ux aflsity il jkclftib jktfrik`s (E) Lujefr od jkclftib `ilfs od dorbf, whibh wou`a fjfrcf droj k tfstpifbf pfr ulit krfk. It is civfl thf syjeo` E kla thf ulits krf Qfs`k (Q). Wfrjfkei`ity ( ) Fksf with whibh k jktfrik` bkl ef jkclftisfa or bolaubt k jkclftib dif`a. Id vkrious jktfrik`s krf p`kbfa withil k jkclftib dif`a it bkl ef sffl thkt jktfrik`s thkt fxpfriflbf k dorbf (jkclftib jktfrik`s) k`wkys efla thf jkclftib dif`a towkras thfjsf`vfs, bkusilc kl ilbrfksf od thf lujefr od `ilfs pkssilc throuch thf jktfrik` bojpkrfa with thf lujefr od `ilfs od dorbf kt thf skjf `obktiol il thf dif`a id thf jktfrik` wfrf lot prfsflt. Qhf rktio od thf lujefr od `ilfs throuch thf jktfrik` bojpkrfa with kir is bk``fa pfrjfkei`ity kla is civfl thf syjeo` r. K typibk` vk`uf od  dor ji`a stff` is ;777. E

Wfrjfkei`ity ¶ :   H

5-5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib F`fbtribity kla Jkclftisj Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Jkclftib hystfrfsis Bojpkrisol eftwffl kl fxtfrlk` jkclftisilc dorbf kpp`ifa to k jktfrik` kla thf d`ux aflsity, whibh is eui`t up il thkt jktfrik`. Shfl k dfrrojkclftib jktfrik` is p`kbfa il kl k`tfrlktilc jkclftib dif`a (H) thf vkriktiol il thf aflsity od thf d`ux `ilfs (E) civfs risf to jkclftib hystfrfsis, (droj thf Crffm dor af`kyfa) whibh afsbriefs olf thilc `kccilc efhila klothfr, d`ux aflsity k`wkys `kcs efhila whkt is aolf with thf dif`a strflcth. D`ux aflsity (E) il Qfs`k

R 

L 

2 

5 

3  1 

4 

6  L 

Dif`a strflcth (H) il Kjpfrf turls/jftrf

; 

R 

Dicurf 5.; Qhf hystfrfsis `oop.

; Jktfrik` il thf uljkclftisfa stktf.  Kl fxtfrlk` dif`a is thfl kpp`ifa kla thf d`ux aflsity aflsity stkrts to eui`a. 5 Jkxijuj d`ux aflsity kbhifvfa il olf airfbtiol (skturktfa). Lo jkttfr how jubh jorf fxtfrlk` dif`a is kpp`ifa thf jktfrik` bkl ho`a lo jorf d`ux `ilfs so bkl ef tfrjfa skturktfa. 2 Uftfltivity poilt (shows rfsiauk` d`ux aflsity). Qhf kjoult od d`ux `fdt il thf jktfrik` olbf thf fxtfrlk` dif`a hks effl rfjovfa. 1 Bofrbivf po poilt ilt (shows thf dorbf l lffafa ffafa to rfaubf d`ux aflsity il thf jktfrik` to zfro).  K jkclftisilc dorbf kpp`ifa il thf oppositf airfbtiol to thf oricilk` dif`a wi`` tfla to rfaubf thf d`ux aflsity il thf jktfrik` to zfro.

5-2

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib F`fbtribity kla Jkclftisj Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

6 Rkturktiol po poilt ilt (thf po`fs il thf jktfrik` wou`a low ef rfvfrsf rfvfrsfa a if whkt wks thf lorth po`f wi`` low ef thf south po`f). 4 Qhf sfbola poilt od rftfltivity. 3 Qhf sfbola poilt od bofrbivf dorbf.   Tircil burvf (bkllot ef rfpfktfa olbf thf jktfrik` hks effl jkclftisfa).   Ufsiauk` jkclftisj (jfksurf od thf d`ux a aflsity flsity `fdt il thf jk jktfrik` tfrik` kdtfr thf fxtfrlk` dif`a hks effl rfjovfa).   Bofrbivf dorbf (jfk (jfksurf surf od thf kj kjoult oult od fxtfrlk` jkc jkclftisilc lftisilc dorbf od oppositf po`krity to thkt usfa dor thf ilitik` jkclftisktiol od thf jktfrik` lffafa to rfaubf thf d`ux aflsity il thf jktfrik` to zfro).

Qhf hystfrfsis shows thkt howfvfr jubh H ilbrfksfs E k`wkys rfkbhfs k skturktiol vk`uf. Qhis jfkls thkt r : ; kt this poilt kla thf jktfrik` efhkvfs lol-jkclftibk``y. Id thf kpp`ifa dif`a (H) is rfaubfa to zfro thfrf wi`` sti`` ef k vk`uf od E, this is bk``fa rfsiauk` jkclftisj kla bkl ef rf`ktivf`y pfrjklflt, ks il pfrjklflt jkclfts or sjk`` kla afbky quibm`y ks il irol. E

E

H

H

Siaf `oop @ow pfrjfkei`ity Aiddibu`t to jkclftisf

Lkrrow `oop Hich pfrjfkei`ity Fksy to jkclftisf

Dicurf 5.5 Tkriktiols il pfrjfkei`ity. pfrjfkei`ity.

5-1

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib F`fbtribity kla Jkclftisj Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

F`fbtrojkclftisj Shflfvfr kl f`fbtrib burrflt d`ows k`olc k bolaubtor, k jkclftib dif`a is sft up kroula thf bolaubtor kt richt klc`fs to thf burrflt d`ow. D`fjilc’s richt hkla ru`f civfs thf airfbtiol od thf d`ow od jkclftisj= id thf thuje od thf richt hkla is fxtflafa il thf airfbtiol od thf burrflt, thfl thf dilcfrs civf thf airfbtiol od thf jkclftib dif`a.

I Burrflt d`ow

Dicurf 5.2 D`ux d`ow to burrflt d`ow bojpkrisol.

Boi`s Id k burrflt bkrryilc wirf is `oopfa ilto sfvfrk` turls thf jkclftib dif`as kroula fkbh turl `ilm tocfthfr, civilc risf to k strolc jkclftib dif`a throuch thf boi`. Qhf iltflsity od thf jkclftib dif`a throuch thf boi` is k proaubt od thf boi` burrflt kla thf lujefr od turls.

D`ux d`ow

I 

I 

Dicurf 5.1 Bolaubtor woula ilto k boi`.

Ilaubtklbf Qhf ilaubtklbf od k boi` is k jfksurf od its kei`ity to storf jkclftib flfrcy. Ilbrfksilc thf lujefr od turls kla thf boi` aikjftfr ilbrfksfs thf ilaubtklbf (thf burrflt hks lo fddfbt). Ilaubtklbf is ilbrfksfa ey thf kaaitiol od jkclftib jktfrik`s b`osf to thf boi`, kla afbrfksfa ey thf kaaitiol od lol-jkclftib jktfrik`s.

5-6

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Rfbtiol 2 Eksib Wrilbip`fs od Faay Burrflt Qfstilc

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib Wrilbip`fs od Faay Burrflt Qfstilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

2

Eksib Wrilbip`fs od Faay Burrflt Qfstilc Faay burrflt ilspfbtiol is wiaf`y usfa il ilaustry dor thf ilspfbtiol od jftk`s kla thf jfthoas krf sflsitivf to thf do``owilc propfrtifs od jftk`s>  

F`fbtribk` bolaubtivity.   Jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity.   Cfojftry. (Rpfbijfl Aijflsiols) Qhf bkpkei`ity od thf tfbhliquf il ilaiviauk` kpp`ibktiols afpflas ol thf do``owilc>  

Drfquflby od KB usfa.   Rflsor afsicl.   Aistklbf od sflsor droj surdkbf (`idt odd). Qhfy k``ow kssfssjflt od surdkbfs without boltkbt (throuch boktilcs).

2.;

F`fbtribk` bolaubtivity ( ) Jfksurf od thf fksf with whibh thf f`fbtrols d`ow il k jktfrik` kla so aftfrjilfs thf faay aflsity= bhklcfsbolaubtivity il bolaubtivity kddfbtthf thfafpth faay burrflts proaubfa il burrflt thf jktfrik`. Ilbrfksfa rfaubfs od pflftrktiol od faay burrflts ilto thf jktfrik` kla vibf vfrsk.

2.5

Jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity ( ) Wfrjfkei`ity hks proeke`y thf crfktfst fddfbt ol faay burrflt tfstilc ks thf faay burrflt siclk`s brfktfa ey pfrjfkei`ity bhklcfs il dfrrous wf`as bkl jkmf faay burrflt tfbhliqufs aiddibu`t to kpp`y, k`thouch KBDJ tfbhlo`ocy hks `krcf`y ovfrbojf thfsf proe`fjs. Rojf faay burrflt sfts bkl proviaf usfdu` ildorjktiol keout jktfrik`s ey kssfssjflt od pfrjfkei`ity (fc jftk` typf or bolaitiol). Ilbrfksfa pfrjfkei`ity rfaubfs thf afpth od pflftrktiol od faay burrflts ilto thf jktfrik` kla vibf vfrsk.

2.2

Drfquflby od thf tfst (d) Olf od thf jost ijportklt tfst vkrike`fs is drfquflby. Faay burrflt tfstilc is bkrrifa out kt drfquflbifs droj k dfw byb`fs pfr sfbola (Hfrtz ]HzZ) to sfvfrk` ji``iol byb`fs pfr sfbola (Jfckhfrtz ]JHzZ). Qhf jost ijportklt fddfbt od drfquflby is ol thf afpth od pflftrktiol od thf faay burrflt dif`a il thf tfst jftk`. Ilbrfksfa drfquflby rfaubfs thf afpth od pflftrktiol od faay burrflts ilto thf jktfrik` kla vibf vfrsk.

2.1

Afpth od pflftrktiol  K`` jfthoas usilc k`tfrlktilc burrflt (KB) krf `ijitfa ey thf afpth od pflftrktiol od subh burrflts ilto k bolaubtilc surdkbf. Qhf thforftibk` afpth (whfrf thf burrflt is rfaubfa to ;/2 od its surdkbf vk`uf) is afpflaflt ol bolaubtivity, jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity kla thf drfquflby od opfrktiol.

2-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib Wrilbip`fs od Faay Burrflt Qfstilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Dour fxkjp`fs krf> ; Dfrritib stff` hks hich pfrjfkei`ity kl kla a `ow bolaubtivity. Wfrjfkei`ity is thf aojilklt fddfbt kla civfs thf sjk``fst pflftrktiol afpth. 5 K`ujiliuj hks hich bolau bolaubtivity btivity kla `ow pfrjfkei`ity civilc k jiaa`f pflftrktiol afpth. 2 Boppfr hks hichfr bolaubtivity thfrfdorf `fss pflftrktiol thkl k`ujiliuj. 1 Rtkil`fss stff` h hks ks `ow bolaubtivity kla `ow pfrjfk pfrjfkei`ity ei`ity civilc thf affpfst pflftrktiol afpth. Boppfr kppfkrs eftwffl ji`a stff` kla k`ujiliuj. ;77

   ) ;7   j   j    (   l   o    i    t   k   r    t   f   l   f    W    d ;   o    h    t   p   f    A    a   r   k    a   l   k    t    R 7.;

Rtkil`fss Rtff`

K`ujiliuj Boppfr 

Rtff`

7.7; ;7

;77

;777

;7777

;77777

;777777

;7777777

Drfquflby (Hz)

Dicurf 2.; Drfquflby kla afpth od pflftrktiol

 Kpp`ibktiols dor whibh f`fbtrojkclftib f`fbtrojkclftib systfjs bkl ef usfa usfa ilb`uaf>            

Rurdkbf brkbm (afdfbt) aftfbtiol il bolaubtors. Rue-surdkbf afdfbt aftfbtiol il lol-jkclftib bolaubtors. Quef kla ekr ilspfbtiol (proaubtiol). Quef ilspfbtiol ol s sitf itf (fc hfkt fxbhklcfrs kla bolaflsfrs). Jftk` sortilc. @kyfr thibmlfss jfksurfjflt subh ks> - Ilsu`ktor ol bolaubtor. - Lol-jkclftib bolaubtor ol bolaubtor. - Bolaubtor ol ilsu`ktor.

2-5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib Wrilbip`fs od Faay Burrflt Qfstilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

2.6

F`fbtrojkclftib fddfbts Il thf dirst hk`d od thf lilftfflth bfltury it wks aisbovfrfa thfrf krf thrff f`fbtrojkclftib fddfbts. Id k `oop od wirf bollfbtfa to k burrflt jfksurilc afvibf is jovfa throuch k stktib jkclftib dif`a thf afvibf jfksurfs k burrflt d`ow whibh shows thkt f`fbtribity bkl ef cflfrktfa ey jkclftisj kla is thf prilbip`f od thf aylkjo or cflfrktor. K wirf bkrryilc kl f`fbtrib burrflt fxpfriflbfs k dorbf whfl p`kbfa lfkr k jkclft kla id thf f`fbtrib burrflt rfvfrsfs, thf dorbf bhklcfs airfbtiol= thf prilbip`f od thf f`fbtrib jotor. Qhf bhklcilc od k burrflt il k wirf wi`` bkusf klothfr burrflt to d`ow il kl kankbflt eut lot toubhilc wirf, ks showl ef`ow>

Jftfr

Rwitbh

Birbuit E

Birbuit K Ekttfry

Dicurf 2.5 Bhklcilc burrflt il birbuit K proaubfs burrflt il kankbflt birbuit E.

B`osilc thf switbh il birbuit K bkusfs k burrflt d`ow il birbuit E (k stfkay stktf burrflt wou`a hkvf lo fddfbt) kla it is this phflojflol thkt `fkas to trklsdorjfrs, rkaio kla QT trklsjissiol kla faay burrflt tfstilc. Id kl KB burrflt d`ows il birbuit K, efbkusf it is k`wkys bhklcilc, thfl olf k`so d`ows il birbuit E. Id birbuit E is rfp`kbfa ey so`ia jftk` thfl k burrflt d`ows il thkt jftk` (thf faay burrflt). Qhf `ilm eftwffl thf two birbuits is k jkclftib dif`a. Qhf du`` sfquflbf od fvflts is afsbriefa ef`ow.

2.4

Faay burrflt cflfrktiol kla aftfbtiol Boi`s  K boi` ilbrfksfs thf iltflsity od thf jkclftib dif`a proaubfa droj kl f`fbtrib burrflt. Qhf dif`a droj kankbflt wirfs il k boi` proviaf k lfw totk` jkclftib dif`a is afpflaflt ol thf burrflt kla lujefr od turls il thf boi`. Boi`s krf lfbfsskry il to proaubf suddibiflt jkclftib dif`a droj `ijitfa burrflt or jkclftib dif`a. Qhf shkpf od thf jkclftib dif`a droj k boi` is siji`kr to thkt droj k pfrjklflt jkclft kla bkl ef rfprfsfltfa ks k sfrifs od `ilfs or dor sijp`ibity k silc`f krrow. Dor AB burrflt thf krrowhfka is kt thf Lorth Wo`f= dor KB this ol`y obburs kt k bfrtkil tijf eut is rf`ktfa to thf airfbtiol od burrflts d`owilc kt thf skjf poilt il tijf. Qhf jkclftib dif`a vkrifs kt thf skjf drfquflby ks thf burrflt il thf boi` kla thf boi` wilailcs krf k`so

2-2

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sojftijfs showl bo``fbtivf`y. Il prkbtibf faay burrflt proefs k dfrritf jktfrik` is odtfl usfa to durthfr bolbfltrktf kla boltro` thf jkclftib dif`a, dfrritf is usuk``y il thf bfltrf od thf boi` kla il sojf kpp`ibktiols (shif`afa proefs) jky k`so surroula thf boi`.

Dicurf 2.2 Jkclftib dif`a proaubfa il k boi`.

Faay burrflt cflfrktiol Id k boi` is eroucht il b`osf proxijity with k bolaubtivf jktfrik` thf k`tfrlktilc jkclftib dif`a (prijkry dif`a) pkssfs throuch thf jktfrik`. Ks aisbussfa faay burrflts wi`` ef ilaubfa ilto thf jktfrik`. Qhf faay burrflts cflfrktfa lorjk``y hkvf birbu`kr pkths kt richt klc`fs to thf prijkry dif`a. Qhf d`ow od thf faay burrflts il tfrjs od jkclituaf, phksf kla aistrieutiol afpfla ol sfvfrk` dkbtors.

Wrijkry boi`

 KB burrflt

Wrijkry jkclftib dif`a

Jftfrilc systfj

 K`tfrlktilc f`fbtribk` f`fbtribk` burrflts proaubfa il thf p`ktf (faay burrflts) Dicurf 2.1 Faay burrflts d`owilc il k jktfrik`.

2-1

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib Wrilbip`fs od Faay Burrflt Qfstilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Qhfsf f`fbtribk` faay burrflts ilaubf k sfbolakry jkclftib dif`a to d`ow il oppositiol to thf oricilk` prijkry dif`a>  KB burrflt Wrijkry boi`

Wrijkry jkclftib dif`a

Jftfrilc systfj

Rfbolakry jkclftib dif`a

 K`tfrlktilc f`fbtribk` burrflts il thf p`ktf (faay burrflts)

Dicurf 2.6 Rfbolakry dif`a proaubfa ey thf prijkry jkclftib d`ow.

Faay burrflt aftfbtiol Qhis situktiol bkl ef ek`klbfa so thf aisp`ky bkl ef sft to rfka zfro il thf lorjk` sft od birbujstklbfs (lo brkbm) eut id thfrf is k bhklcf il thf faay burrflt d`owilc il thf jktfrik` this wi`` k`tfr thf sfbolakry dif`a, whibh wi`` kddfbt thf bhkrkbtfristibs o odd thf prijkry boi`. It is this bhklcf thkt wi`` ef jolitorfa kla aisp`kyfa, lorjk``y, ol fithfr k jftfr or k bkthoaf rky tuef jolitor.

2.3

Dkbtors kddfbtilc faay burrflts Rfvfrk` dkbtors kddfbt thf faay burrflts whibh hkvf effl proaubfa> ; Id k su surdkbf-erfkmilc rdkbf-erfkmilc brkbm is flboultfrfa, thf faay burrfl burrfltt is dorbf dorbfa a to d`ow ulafr or kroula it, this wi`` bhklcf thf bhkrkbtfristibs od thf prijkry boi` kla thus thf jftfrilc systfj bkl ilaibktf its prfsflbf.

2-6

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib Wrilbip`fs od Faay Burrflt Qfstilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;  

 KB burrflt Wrijkry boi`

Wrijkry jkclftib dif`a

Jftfrilc systfj

Rfbolakry jkclftib dif`a  K`tfrlktilc f`fbtribk` burrflts il thf p`ktf (faay burrflts)

Dicurf 2.4 Faay burrflt efhkviour kroula k afdfbt.

5 Id thf `idt ODD aistklbf od thf proef droj thf jktfrik` surdkbf vkrifs thfl thf rfsu`ts bkl ef kddfbtfa, ul`fss thf proef hks effl spfbidibk``y afsiclfa to `ijit thf fddfbts od `idt odd. 2 Tkryilc p pfrjfkei`ity frjfkei`ity od thf tfst jktfrik` bkl kddfbt thf rfsu`tilc d`u d`ux x d`ow il thf tfst. Qhf jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity od k jftk` kddfbts thf fksf with whibh jkclftib `ilfs d`ow throuch it. Il k jktfrik` with hich pfrjfkei`ity k hichfr aflsity od thfsf `ilfs wi`` ef brfktfa droj k civfl sourbf kla thf `ilfs wi`` tfla to bolbfltrktf il thf jktfrik` (pkrtibu`kr`y thf surdkbf). Qhis hks two fddfbts> dirst`y k crfktfr kjoult od jkclftib flfrcy bkl ef storfa il thf boi`, thfrfdorf ilbrfksilc its ilaubtklbf, kla sfbola`y p`flty od faay burrflts krf cflfrktfa whibh ilbrfksfs thf `idt odd fddfbts. Hich pfrjfkei`ity jktfrik`s wi`` hkvf brfktfa k sjk`` afpth od pflftrktiol od thf faay burrflts. 1 Facf fddfbts,kla id thf burrflts up kckilst kl facf thfy wi`` ef bojprfssfa thisfaay wi`` kddfbt thf bojf rfsu`ts.

2-4

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib Wrilbip`fs od Faay Burrflt Qfstilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;  

Faay burrflts afdorjfa  ey proxijity od p`ktf; facf

Dicurf 2.3 Facf fddfbt or cfojftry.

Cfojftry Qhf cfojftry od k bojpolflt ulafr tfst bkl bkusf aiddibu`tifs il faay burrflt tfsts. K burvfa pifbf od jftk` wi`` hkvf k aiddfrflt `idt odd rfspolsf to k d`kt olf, kla thf facf fddfbt bkl aistort thf faay burrflt dif`a kla proaubf k `krcf siclk`. Cfojftribk` fddfbts bkl ef rfaubfa ey afsiclilc k proef whibh dits thf surdkbf or ey usf od shif`afa proefs.

2-3

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Rfbtiol 1 Eksib Wrilbip`fs od KBWA

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib Wrilbip`fs od KBWA Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

1

Eksib Wrilbip`fs od KBWA Iltroaubtiol  K`tfrlktilc burrflt potfltik` arop (KBWA), k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt (KBDJ), kla faay burrflt jfthoas krf b`osf`y rf`ktfa eut thfrf krf aistilbt aiddfrflbfs, whibh just ef kpprfbiktfa. Ilaiviauk` pifbfs od fquipjflt usilc thf skjf eksib prilbip`fs with s`icht vkriktiols proaubf rfsu`ts whibh ol thf ilstrujflt sbrffl kppfkr vfry aiddfrflt. Afpth od pflftrktiol  K`` jfthoas usilc k`tfrlktilc burrflts krf krf `ijitfa ey thf afpth od pflftrktiol ilto k bolaubtilc surdkbf. Ilbrfksilc bolaubtivity rfaubfs afpth od pflftrktiol so k jktfrik` subh ks boppfr or k`ujiliuj hks k `ow afpth od pflftrktiol. Ilbrfksilc pfrjfkei`ity k`so rfaubfs afpth od pflftrktiol so stff` hks k vfry `ow afpth od pflftrktiol.

1.;

KBWA  KBWA worms ey k rf`ktivf`y sijp`f probfss eksfa ol f`fbtribk` burrflt d`ow. Qhf jost ijportklt poilt is thkt jfksurfjflt is jkaf od kl f`fbtribk` potfltik` aiddfrflbf kla k sijp`f bk`bu`ktiol bkrrifa out usilc thfsf jfksurfjflts so lot rf`yilc ol bk`ierktiol kckilst rfdfrflbf afdfbts. It civfs k jfksurfjflt od thf brkbm afpth dor kl ildilitf`y `olc brkbm kt thf p`klf od thf jfksurfjflts.  KBWA bkl ef usfa to kssfss thf afpth od k surdkbf-erfkmilc afdfbt. Qhf surdkbfs just ef vfry b`fkl to proviaf cooa boltkbt dor thf dif`a bollfbtiols kla sflsilc proef.

Ufdfrflbf rfkailc

Brkbm afpth rfkailc Jfksurilc boltkbts

 KB pkth throuch thf jftk` Rurdkbf-erfkmilc afdfbt

Dicurf 1.; K`tfrlktilc burrflt burrflt potfltik` arop arop kssfssjflt kssfssjflt jfthoa.

Dor k brkbm whfrf thf `flcth is crfktfr thkl kpproxijktf`y ;7 or jorf tijfs thf afpth thfl thf afpth is civfl b`osf`y ey thf dorju`k>

1-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib Wrilbip`fs od KBWA Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Brkbm afpth :7.6 

 

   

Shfrf> A Tb Tr

: aistklbf eftwffl f`fbtroafs : potfltik` aiddfrflbf jfksurfa kbross thf brkbm : potfltik` aiddfrflbf jfksurfa il thf rfdfrflbf dif`a kankbflt to thf brkbm

Shfl thf brkbm is shortfr thkl ;7 tijfs thf afpth k siclidibklt pkrt od thf f`fbtrib burrflt d`ows kroula thf flas, so thf jfksurfa brkbm afpth wi`` ef `fss thkl thf truf afpth. Dor k silc`f sfji f``iptibk` brkbm borrfbtiol dkbtors hkvf effl bk`bu`ktfa whibh k``ow thf truf afpth to ef bk`bu`ktfa droj thf jfksurfa afpth kla `flcth.

Dicurf 1.5 Burrflt d`ow kroula brkbm flas.

Dicurf 1.2 Borrfbtiol dkbtor (J) dor d or sfji-f``iptibk` short brkbms

1-5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Eksib Wrilbip`fs od KBWA Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

 KBWA rfquirfs kl f`fbtribk` boltkbt airfbt`y ol to thf surdkbf so thfrf is lo proe`fj od bojpflsktilc bojpflsktilc dor `idt odd. Qhis jfkls thkt thf jfthoa bkl ol`y ef usfa whfrf k`` surdkbf boktilcs hkvf effl rfjovfa.

1-2

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Rfbtiol 6 K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ)

 

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6

K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ)

6.;

Eksis od thf tfbhliquf  KBDJ, k airfbt afrivktivf od thf KBWA tfbhliquf jfksurfs keso`utf qukltitifs od surdkbf jkclftib dif`as proaubfa droj kl ilaubfa ulidorj jkclftib dif`a pkrk``f` to thf p`ktf surdkbf. KBDJ rf`ifs ol thf proaubtiol od k ulidorj jkclftib dif`a keovf thf surdkbf od thf p`ktf proaubfa ey thf proef whibh wi`` ilaubf k ulidorj burrflt dif`a il thf p`ktf itsf`d. Id thf burrflt d`ow il thf p`ktf is ulidorj this proaubfs k ulidorj d`ux d`ow pkrk``f` to thf p`ktf surdkbf kla pfrpflaibu`kr to thf burrflt d`ow, tfrjfa Ex. Shfl thf burrflt is burvfa, this civfs risf to k jkclftib d`ux aflsity pfrpflaibu`kr to thf p`ktf surdkbf kla pfrpflaibu`kr to thf burrflt d`ow il k siji`kr wky to thf sfbolakry faay burrflts afsbriefa prfvious`y.

6.5

Burrflt d`ow ‒ Ex kla Ez rf`ktiolship Ez - jkclftisj pfrpflaibu`kr to thf p`ktf surdkbf kla pfrpflaibu`kr pfrpflaibu` kr to thf f`fbtribk` burrflt d`ow.

Burrflt d`ow

Ex - jkclftisj pkrk``f` to thf p`ktf surdkbf kla pfrpflaibu`kr pfrpflaibu `kr to thf f`fbtribk` burrflt d`ow.

Dicurf 6.; Burrflt d`ow, Ex kla Ez rf`ktiolship. 

6-;

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Ex rfborafr `owbhkrt ol thf crkph trkbf

Ex bhkrt trkbf hichfr olrfborafr thf crkph

@ow burrflt aflsity (so`ia `ilfs) rfsu`ts il `ow Ex d`ux aflsity (akshfa `ilfs).

Hich burrflt aflsity (so`ia `ilfs) rfsu`ts il hich Ex d`ux aflsity (akshfa `ilfs).

Dicurf 6.5 Vlidorj dif`as kla burrflts ol k surdkbf. 

Ez ‒ jkclftisj pfrpflaibu`kr to thf p`ktf surdkbf kla pfrpflaibu`kr pfrpflaibu`kr to thf burrflt d`ow bkusfa ey burvkturf od thf burrflt.

Dicurf 6.2 Dif`as kroula birbu`kr f`fbtribk` burrflt d`ow (pfrturektiol). (pfrturektiol). 

Qhf do``owilc krf thf ijportklt prilbip`fs rf`ktilc burrflt to d`ux d`ow. Id k burrflt is d`owilc il k surdkbf (bk``fa thf x-y p`klf) thfl> Qhf do``owilc krf thf ijportklt prilbip`fs rf`ktilc burrflt to d`ux d`ow. Id k burrflt is d`owilc il k surdkbf (bk``fa thf x-y p`klf) thfl> ; Jkclftib d`ux aflsity il thf x a airfbtiol irfbtiol is proportiolk` to burrflt il thf y airfbtiol. 5 Jkclftib d`ux aflsity il thf y airfbtiol is proportiolk` to burrflt il thf x airfbtiol.

6-5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

2 Jkclftib d`ux aflsity il thf z airfbtiol (out od thf x-y p`klf) is proportiolk` to thf burvkturf od burrflt il thf x-y p`klf. Qhf f`fbtribk` burrflts efhkvf il k bfrtkil wky whfl lfkr k brkbm. Qhfsf burrflts civf risf to jkclftib d`ux aflsity ks showl ef`ow eoth ol thf surdkbf (il thf x-p`klf) kla k`so pfrpflaibu`kr to thf surdkbf (il thf zp`klf).

Dicurf 6.1 Vlidorj burrflt d`ow il thf surdkbf od k p`ktf efilc kddfbtfa ey k surdkbf-erfkmilc surdkbf-erfkm ilc brkbm.

Efbkusf od thf ilbrfksf il d`ux aflsity nust outsiaf thf brkbm Ex wi`` ilbrfksf s`icht`y il this krfk, whfl kbtuk``y ovfr thf bfltrf od thf brkbm thf burrflt aflsity is rfaubfa kla this wi`` proaubf thf do``owilc fddfbts ol thf Ex kla Ez trkbfs> Ex

Burrflt aflsity

Dicurf 6.6  Wroef   Wroef sbkllfa k`olc pkrk``f` to k brkbm showilc thf rf`ktiolship od Ex to burrflt aflsity.

Efbkusf thf burrflt is pushfa kroula thf flas od thf brkbm, it rfsu`ts il birbu`kr burrflt d`ow (pfrturektiol) kroula thf brkbm flas= proaubilc Ez nust ilsiaf thf flas od thf brkbm. Sith Ez efilc nust ilsiaf thf flas od thf brkbm wi`` ef thkt whfl thf brkbm is ilitik``y sizfa ol thf spfbijfl ey thf proef opfrktor, this sizf wi`` ef shortfr thkl civfl ey thf KBDJ procrkj, whibh bojpflsktfs dor this proe`fj ey jkthfjktibk` k`corithjs.

6-2

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

  z x

y

Dicurf 6.4 F`fbtribk` burrflts il thf y kxis.

Burrflt aflsity

Ez

Dicurf 6.3 Burrflt aflsity il Y airfbtiol.

6-1

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

  Dicurf 6.8 Jkclftib d`ux aflsity il thf z p`klf.

6-6

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Qhf rfsu`t od thf keovf wi`` ef thkt thf spfbidib rf`ktiolship eftwffl Ex, Ez kla brkbms wi`` lorjk``y ef proaubfa ks showl ef`ow> Ex

Burrflt aflsity

Ez

Dicurf 6.9 Bojeilktiol od thf two Ex kla Ez, whibh bojf tocfthfr to ilaibktf thf  prfsflbf od k brkbm. brkbm.

Wroef afsicl Fkbh proef hks k jkclftib yomf to cflfrktf thf ilitik` jkclftib dif`a= this wi`` brfktfs thf burrflts od f`fbtribity il thf p`ktf surdkbf. Boi`s or Hk`` fddfbt sflsors bkl ef usfa to aftfbt thf jkclftib dif`as.

Ex

Ez Dicurf 6.;7 Rflsilc boi`s krrklcfa to aftfbt Ex kla Ez keovf thf surdkbf od k  p`ktf.

6-4

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Dicurf 6.;; Jkil ilaubtiol boi`.

Brkbm sizilc Qhf jkil dfkturf od KBDJ thkt aistilcuishfs it droj faay burrflt tfbhliqufs is thkt brkbm afpth sizilc is ey rfdfrflbf to thforftibk` joaf`s, usilc jfksurfjflt od thf jkclftib dif`a kt k bhosfl phksf. Ufaubtiol od `idt odd fddfbt Qhf usf od k ulidorj dif`a pkrk``f` to thf surdkbf wi`` il thfory civf k zfro `idt odd siclk` (k`thouch il prkbtibf thf dif`a proaubfa ey k typibk` KBDJ proef wi`` proaubf sojf `idt odd siclk`s eut thfy shou`a ef sjk``). Qhf aisp`ky proaubfa is k airfbt rfprfsfltktiol od thf jkclftib dif`as kla thfrf krf two sfpkrktf aisp`kys lorjk``y showl, Ex kla Ez p`ottfa ol k tijfeksf or bojeilfa.

6.2

@ijitktiols od f`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliqufs dor wf`a ilspfbtiol Rbkllfa krfk  KBDJ is sflsitivf to thf proxijity od bojpolflt facfs, thfsf proaubf vfry `krcf ild`uflbfs ol thf proef siclk` kla thkt bkl oesburf brkbm siclk`s il thf vibility od thf facf. Rpfbik` bkrf just ef tkmfl whfl ilspfbtilc b`osf to p`ktf facfs. Rpfbik` proefs bkl ef usfa to rfaubf this fddfbt eut thfy jky hkvf pfrdorjklbf rfaubfa il sojf othfr krfk. Qhf proef wi`` lffa to ef eroucht to withil k dfw ji``ijftrfs od thf surdkbf kla thfrf just ef rooj dor thf proef to sbkl thf who`f krfk to ef ilspfbtfa sjooth`y. Qhf prfsflbf od jftk` oenfbts or jkclfts il thf ilspfbtiol krfk jky proaubf ulwkltfa siclk`s.

6-3

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Brkbm cfojftry Qhf brkbm cfojftry hks kl fddfbt ol thf kbburkby od brkbm afpth sizilc. Ks with KBWA, id k brkbm is short kla affp k borrfbtiol is lffafa kla id thf brkbm is lot opfl k`olc its who`f `flcth thfrf jky ef sojf aiddibu`tifs flboultfrfa aurilc sizilc, k brkbm whibh hks boltkbt poilts or `ilf boltkbts kbross thf brkbm wi`` hkvf k rfaubfa kppkrflt brkbm afpth, k`thouch thfrf is usuk``y fviaflbf dor thf prfsflbf od subh k dfkturf. K`` f`fbtrojkclftib jfthoas k afpth jfksurfjflt k`olc thf dkbf od thf brkbm kla lolf civf od thfsf systfjs wi`` civf k jfksurfa throuch thibmlfss jfksurfjflt. Brkbm sizilc Qhf KBWA kla KBDJ tfbhliqufs afpfla ol thforftibk` joaf`s dor thfir kbburkby kla it just ef kssujfa thkt thforftibk` bolaitiols jky lot ef jft opfrktiolk``y so borrfbtiols jky lffa to ef kpp`ifa, id kvki`ke`f. Id lot possie`f thfl sojf ilkbburkby just ef kbbfptfa. KBDJ rf`ifs ol two eksib britfrik - it is kssujfa thfrf wi`` ef k `ilfkr ulidorj dif`a il thf jktfrik` kla thkt thf dkticuf brkbm wi`` ef sfji-f``iptibk` il shkpf. Fvfry fddort just ef jkaf to flsurf thf borrfbt proef is usfa dor thf positiol il whibh thf tfst is efilc bkrrifa out, to flsurf k ulidorj dif`a ks dkr ks possie`f. Qhf kssujptiol od thf brkbm efilc sfji-f``iptibk` is lorjk``y b`osf to thf truth, k`thouch it jky ef provfa wrolc whfl thf brkbm is opflfa kla fxkjilfa. Qhf faay burrflt jfthoa bojpkrfs siclk`s droj brkbms to jkbhilfa s`ots, this `ijits its kbburkby efbkusf thf siclk`s oetkilfa droj bk`ierktiol s`ots bkl ef vfry aiddfrflt droj thosf oetkilfa droj rfk` brkbms, k`so quitf odtfl lo kbboult is jkaf dor brkbm `flcth, so jfksurfjflt od short affp brkbms wi`` ef suspfbt id bk`ierktiol is bkrrifa out ol `olc s`ots (kla vibf vfrsk). Qo sizf brkbms kbburktf`y, thf s`ots usfa to bk`ierktf thf fquipjflt just civf k vfry siji`kr siclk` to thkt civfl ey thf brkbms to ef jfksurfa. Bojpolflt cfojftry Bojpolflt cfojftry kddfbts thf KBDJ siclk`s, pkrtibu`kr`y lfkr ticht or kwmwkra cfojftrifs, borlfrs kla kttkbhjflts. Qhf siclk`s droj thfsf dfkturfs lffa to ef tkmfl ilto kbboult whfl sizilc, ks thf brkbm siclk`s wi`` ef thf cfojftrib siclk`s, jkmilc aftfbtioltoaiddibu`t bkrfsupfrijposfa wi`` ef lffafaolwhfl sizilc. Rpfbik` proefs krf kvki`ke`f rfaubfkla thf facf kla cfojftrib fddfbts. Rurdkbf bolaitiol Lol-bolaubtivf boktilcs Il cooa bolaitiol wi`` lot prfsflt proe`fjs dor KBDJ proviafa it is lot jorf thkl 6jj thibmlfss, eut thfrf wi`` ef k lffa to joaidy thf sizilc pkrkjftfrs. Boktilcs il poor bolaitiol jicht rfsu`t il k poor sbkl or proaubf `idt odd siclk`s kla rfaubf thf kbburkby od sizilc.

6-8

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Borrosiol Id borrosiol `kyfrs krf `icht, this shou`a lot kddfbt kly f`fbtro-jkclftib tfbhliquf, thf jkil proe`fj bou`a ef id thf sbkl efbojfs irrfcu`kr or id thfrf is hfkvy pittilc whibh jky iltroaubf kaaitiolk` loisf siclk`s, whibh wi`` thfl rfaubf thf sflsitivity to sjk`` brkbms kla sizilc kbburkby. Rtklakra wf`a proefs krf `fss sflsitivf to pittilc thkl othfr typfs. Jktfrik` bhklcfs Jftk` aiddfrflbfs kla jktfrik` bhklcfs bkl obbur kt wf`a rfpkirs kla whfrf aiddfrflt jftk`s hkvf effl noilfa bkl proaubf strolc siclk`s, whibh jky ef aiddibu`t to sfpkrktf droj brkbm siclk`s kla bou`a oesburf brkbms. Othfr bkpkei`itifs kla `ijitktiols wi`` ef afsbriefa `ktfr. Bojpkrisol eftwffl KBDJ kla faay burrflt dor wf`a ilspfbtiol Qhf tke`f shows sojf od thf bkpkei`itifs kla propfrtifs od KBDJ bojpkrfa with thf jost popu`kr faay burrflt systfjs. Rojf cflfrk`isktiols hkvf effl jkaf kla thfrf bou`a ef tijfs whfl sojf od thf `ijitktiols jky lot kpp`y.

6.1

Bojpkrisol eftwffl KBDJ kla faay burrflt dor wf`a ilspfbtiol Qhf tke`f shows sojf od thf bkpkei`itifs kla propfrtifs od KBDJ bojpkrfa with thf jost popu`kr faay burrflt systfjs. Rojf cflfrk`isktiols hkvf effl jkaf kla thfrf bou`a ef tijfs whfl sojf od thf `ijitktiols jky lot kpp`y.

6-9

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Qke`f 6.; Tkriktiols 6.; Tkriktiols eftwffl faay burrflt tfstilc tfbhliqufs kla KBDJ dor d or wf`a ilspfbtiol Faay burrflt Hobmilc

@izkra

 KBDJ

Wroef dif`a

Lot qukltidifa

Lot qukltidifa

Wroaubfs ulidorj dif`a vk`ufs usfa il bk`bu`ktiols

@idt odd bojpflsktiol

@idt odd siclk` supprfssfa ey aiddfrfltik` proef

Lorjk``y `krcf `idt odd siclk` supprfssfa ey f`fbtrolib jfkls (krrklcfa kt sfttilc up)

Qhforftibk``y sjk`` `idt Qhforftibk``y odd siclk` pkssfs ulk`tfrfa throuch thf f`fbtrolibs

Bk`ierktiol dor sizilc

R`ot siclk`s usfa with bojpflsk bojpflsktiol tiol dor cfojftry

R`ots usfa with ju`tip`ibktiol dkbtor

Qhforftibk` joaf`s usfa. Brkbm afpth bk`bu`ktiol ey jfksurfjflt od dif`as kla thf usf od k`corithjs

 Kbburkby od sizilc

@ijitfa ey kbburkby od rf`ktiolshi rf`ktiolship p eftwffl s`ot kla brkbm siclk`s. Civfs crfktfr vkriktiol od siclk` kt `owfr brkbm sizfs

@ijitfa ey kbburkby od rf`ktiolship eftwffl s`ot kla brkbm siclk`s. Civfs crfktfr vkriktiol od siclk` kt `owfr brkbm sizfs

@ijitfa ey kbburkby od thforftibk` joaf`s kla vk`iaity od thforftibk` kssujptiols

Optijuj kpp`ibktiol bkpkei`ity

Wortkei`ity/ticht klc`fs kla facfs

Tkrifa aisp`ky typfs

Brkbm sizilc, krrkys, f`fbtrolib rfborailc

Jkil rfstribtiol

Lo f`fbtrolib rfborailc kla bojp`fx sbkllilc

Riclk` aisp`ky bojp`fxity

Bojp`fx cfojftrifs

6-;7

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Rfbtiol 4 QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

4

QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf

4.;

Hkrawkrf Qypfs od fquipjflt kla sodtwkrf Joaf` V9e Ekttfry kla jkils opfrktfa ilstrujflt with k silc`f bhkllf` thkt is bkpke`f od efilc usfa dor eoth KBWA kla KBDJ. Sith KBDJ k WB is lffafa. Qhf ekttfry `idf is 5-1hrs, afpflailc ol burrflt sfttilcs. Ufbhkrcf tijf is 8hrs. Shfl usilc k ekttfry thf WB ekttfry just k`so ef mfpt bhkrcfa. Dor usf with [DJ v5.7 sodtwkrf kla bkl support up to dour drfquflbifs. Lotf> Qhis fquipjflt is lo `olcfr supportfa ey thf jkludkbturfrs. Kjico (V;9) Qhf Kjico is thf lfwfst portke`f topsiaf ulit kla is jubh sjk``fr kla `ichtfr thkl thf V9. It rfquirfs k W WB B to rul it with [DJ v2.7 or KRRIRQ sodtwkrf. It is purf`y dorefbkusf KBDJ k kla la aofs lot support KBWA it bkl support krrkys. Qhis is thf proef proefs s krf aiddfrflt drojeut prfvious vfrsiols ks thfy hkvf f`fbtrolibs il thf proef hfka, k``owilc thfj to worm kt crfktfr aistklbfs droj thf ulit. K`so thf bollfbtilc bke`fs to thf ulit krf jubh jorf d`fxie`f thkl prfv prfvious`y. ious`y. Qhf u ulit lit opfrktfs kt 6mHz kla/or 67mHz

Dicurf 4.; Kjico V;9 systfj. systfj.

4-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Joaf` V2; A Qhf V2; A is thf `ktfst ulafrwktfr vfrsiol kla rfprfsflts k siclidibklt kavklbf il KBDJ suesfk ilspfbtiol tfbhlo`ocy. Qhf V2; A is 87% sjk``fr il sizf kla wficht bojpkrfa with thf fkr`ifr V5;. Its bojpkbt sizf jkmfs it fksifr to afp`oy ey aivfrs. It is ke`f to dit il thf drkjfworm od sjk`` UOTs kla bkl support dkstfr sbkllilc spffas thkl thf V5;.

Dicurf 4.5 V2;.

Joaf` V5; Qhf V5; is thf ul ulafrwktfr afrwktfr vfrsiol od thf KBDJ / KBWA f fquipjflt. quipjflt. It bolsists od kl ulafrwktfr kla k topsiaf ulit whibh bkl ef sfpkrktfa ey up to ;.6mj. Qhf V5; ulit is dor usf with SKJI v1.7 sodtwkrf ol`y kla bkl ef usfa dor krrkys ks wf`` ks silc`f proefs. It hks dkstfr sbkllilc spffas kla iltfcrk` proef kla aktk di`fs kla lorjk``y rfquirfs kl ;;7T supp`y.

Dicurf 4.2 V5;.

4-5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Krrky fquipjflt  Krrkys rfquirf spfbik` hkrawkrf kla sodtwkrf to arivf thf krrky kla aisp`ky thf aktk proaubfa ey krrkys. Rff @fvf` 5 boursf lotfs.

4.5

Rodtwkrf [DJ v5.7 [DJ v5.7 sodtwkrf is suitke`f dor thf V9e kla hks dkstfr sbkllilc spffas thkl [DJ v;.7 whibh it supfrsfafs kla usfs iltfcrk` proef kla aktk di`fs kla bkl sft up burrflt vk`ufs droj thf bojputfr. Qhis sodtwkrf is lo `olcfr supportfa ey thf jkludkbturfrs. [DJ v2.7 [DJ v2.7 sodtwkrf is suitke`f dor thf V;9 Kjico, is jubh dkstfr thkl prfvious vfrsiols kla ilborporktfs sfvfrk` illovktiols to ijprovf fksf od usf, ilb`uailc proef rfboclitiol sodtwkrf. Qhis sodtwkrf is lo `olcfr issufa ey thf jkludkbturfr. KRRIRQ Qhf `ktfst sodtwkrf dor thf burrflt cflfrktiol od KBDJ ilstrujfltktiol is thf KRRIRQ dkji`y (KBDJ sodtwkrf suitf dor thf ilspfbtiol od strubturfs). Qhf dkji`y bolsists od thf do``owilc>  KRRIRQklt  

Rupports ol`y stklakra jkluk` proefs (; Ex kla ; Ez) supfrsfailc [DJ2.

 KRRIRQ @itf

Rupports stklakra proefs k kla la sjk`` krrkys od up to 2 rows with or without flboafrs.

 KRRIRQ

Rupports stklakra proefs k kla la k`` krrkys.

 KRRIRQV

Vlafrwktfr vfrsiol dor usf with V2;.

SKJI v1.7 (Silaows kutojktfa jibrockucf ilspfbtiol) SKJI v1.7 sodtwkrf is dor usf with thf V5; ulafrwktfr ulit, it fquktfs to thf [DJ v5.7 topsiaf sodtwkrf.

4-2

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

4.2

KBDJ proef typfs  K`` jkluk``y sbkllfa KBDJ KBDJ proefs hkvf>  

Rfrik` lujefr od thf proef.   K or B airfbtiol jkrmilcs.   Bfltrf or ilafx `ilf. 

  Bollfbtiols. Vlti` thf Kjico systfj wks iltroaubfa k`` proefs wfrf vfry siji`kr so wfrf iltfrbhklcfke`f to sojf fxtflt (Kjico proefs hkvf sojf kaaitiolk` f`fbtrolibs il thf proef hfka kla so krf lot iltfrbhklcfke`f with othfr ulits). Dor optijuj pfrdorjklbf thf efst proef dor thf kpp`ibktiol shou`a ef bhosfl. Rtklakra wf`a proef Vsfa dor wf`a ilspfbtiol whflfvfr possie`f ks it hks thf boi`s positiolfa iafk``y dor brkbm sizilc kla k dkir`y `krcf facf fddfbt od kpproxijktf`y 67jj.

Dicurf 4.1 Rtklakra wf`a proef.

Qicht kbbfss proef Afsiclfa spfbidibk``y dor whfl ulafr ilspfbtiol is lot kbbfssie`f ey thf stklakra wf`a proef,thf il krfk pkrtibu`kr klc`fa tueu`krs, it worms rfksolke`y wf`` il othfr situktiols eut is lot suitke`f dor sizilc il opfl cfojftrifs subh ks eutt wf`as kla jky jiss sojf afdfbts. Jili proef Afsiclfa dor ticht kbbfss krfks subh ks rkt ho`fs kla brubidorjs with k rfaubfa facf fddfbt kla kvki`ke`f il pflbi` or richt klc`f cfojftrifs. Qhfy jky ef `ijitfa to shk``ow brkbms kla krf jorf sflsitivf to `idt odd.

4-1

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

  Dicurf 4.6 Jili strkicht proef.

Jibro proef Afsiclfa dor hich sflsitivity brkbm aftfbtiol il ticht kbbfss krfks subh ks rkt ho`fs kla brubidorjs with k rfaubfa facf fddfbt kla kvki`ke`f il pflbi` or richt klc`f cfojftrifs. Qhfy jky ef `ijitfa to shk``ow brkbms kla krf jorf sflsitivf to `idt odd.

Dicurf 4.4 Jibro richt klc`fa proef.

Qhrfka proef(s)  KBDJ is pkrtibu`kr`y suitfa to aftfbtiol kla sizilc od brkbms il `krcf thrfkas (dor fxkjp`f ari`` bo``krs). Wroefs with cfojftrifs to fxkbt`y dit thf thrfka bkl ef jkludkbturfa or k shof bkl ef kttkbhfa to k stklakra proef.

Dicurf 4.3 Jkluk` thrfkafa bollfbtor proef.

4-6

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Flboafr wf`a proef   Wositiol flboafr.   Qwil dif`as.   Boltro` euttols.   @ow wfkr.   Vp to 8 bhkllf` sflsor krrky.

Dicurf 4.8 Flboafr wf`a proef typf 256.

Qhf proef dfkturfs k positiol flboafr to proviaf k boltiluous positiol rfdfrflbf kla thf opportulity dor rkpia afdfbt `obktiol, ju`tip`f sflsor optiols dor crfktfr bovfrkcf kla optiol od ju`tip`f dif`a airfbtiols. Othfr lfw dfkturfs siclidibklt`y ijprovf thf uskei`ity od thf proef whi`f kt thf skjf tijf proef wfkr hks effl siclidibklt`y rfaubfa. Krrky proefs  K lujefr od krrky proefs hkvf effl jkaf, jkil`y dor UOT afp`oyjflt with thf kavkltkcf od lot lorjk``y rfquirilc sbkllilc kla quibm`y bovfrilc k `krcf krfk.

Dicurf 4.9 Krrky proef boldicurfa boldicurfa dor ilspfbtiol ilspfbtiol od tuefs.

4-4

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Wroef bollfbtiols Bollfbtiols to k`` ulits krf uliquf kla krf thfrfdorf ul`imf`y to ef boldusfa. Ks with k`` bojputfr arivfl fquipjflt k`` bollfbtiols shou`a ef jkaf prior to switbhilc ulits ol. Qhf KBDJ ilstrujflts shou`a ef switbhfa ol dirst or thf bojputfr jky try to kaarfss k afka ilstrujflt kla proaubf kl frror jfsskcf.

Dicurf 4.;7 @fjo bollfbtors.

Dulbtiol tfst e`obm  KBDJ aofs lot rfquirf bk`ierktiol, howfvfr thf opfrktor lffas to flsurf thkt thf fquipjflt is dulbtiolilc borrfbt`y, usilc k stklakra dulbtiol tfst e`obm. Fkbh e`obm is lujefrfa (kla this lujefr just ef rfborafa)= fkbh e`obm hks k s`ot 67jj `olc x 6jj affp this s`ot just ef kt `fkst ;77jj il droj thf facf. W`ktf rfdfrflbf lujefr> W`777;

67jj x 6jj s`ot stklakra/jilis

57jj x 5jj Dor bhfbmilc jibro proefs

Dicurf 4.;; Dulbtiol bhfbm e`obm.

4-3

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

 

Dicurf 4.;5  @ichtwficht  @ichtwficht dulbtiol bhfbm e`obm.

 Klbi``kry fquipjflt lffafa whfl whfl bkrryilc out KBDJ ilspfbtiol> ilspfbtiol>  

Jkclftib jkrmilc krrows.   Wkiltstibm.   Qkpf jfksurfs/ru`fr.   Bojputfr aisbs dor ekbmup kla `oc shffts. Boj Bo j utfr utfr WB Jil ;Ce, ;Ce, 564Je 564Je UKJ Jibros Jibrosodt odt Silao Silaows ws 5777/X 5777/XW W

V;9 KJICO brkbm jibrockucf

Bojjs `fka (jkx 27j)

Vjei`ibk` kla possie`f fxtflsiol bke`f 67j jkx

 KBDJ silc`f proef proef

Sf`a to ef sbkllfa Dicurf 4.;2 E`obm aikcrkj dor thf topsiaf KBDJ systfj.

4-8

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; QRB KBDJ Fquipjflt Hkrawkrf kla Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

  Bojputfr {WB} V5; or V2; KBDJ brkbm jibrockucf topsiaf ulit Bojjs `fka (jkx 27j) Rfk `fvf` Vjei`ibk` (up to 267j) Vlafrwktfr bollfbtor dor proef

 KBDJ silc`f proef proef

Ruesfk pot Sf`a to ef sbkllfa Dicurf 4.;1 E`obm aikcrkj dor thf suesfk KBDJ systfj.

4-9

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Rfbtiol 3 Opfrktiol od Bojputfr Eksib Bojjklas

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Opfrktiol od Bojputfr Eksib Bojjklas Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

3

Opfrktiol od Bojputfr Eksib Bojjklas

3.;

Bojputfr opfrktiols rf`ktfa to KBDJ opfrktiols Mfyeokra Il thf jost pkrt KBDJ sodtwkrf bkl ef kbbfssfa usilc k jousf. Howfvfr thf opfrktiol wi`` usuk``y ef jubh dkstfr id thf bojputfr mfyeokra is usfa. Mfyeokra usf flke`fs KBDJ trkilffs to `fkrl jorf quibm`y thf prkbtibk` kspfbts od fquipjflt opfrktiol. Il kaaitiol to thf `fttfr kla lujefr mfys opfrktors lffa to ef dkji`ikr with thf do``owilc mfys> 0K@Q< mfy

Lorjk``y positiolfa ol thf mfyeokra kt eottoj `fdt or richt @krcf uljkrmfa mfy kt eottoj Wositiolfa ol richt hkla siaf, usuk``y jkrmfa   sojftijfs bk``fa UFQVUL

0RWKBF< 0FLQFU<

3.5

0QKE<

Lorjk``y positiolfa uppfr `fdt siaf, jkrmfa

0RHIDQ< 0BQU@< 0BVUROU<

@owfr eoth siafs jkrmfa   @owfr `fdt kla or richt siaf jkrmfa ks / Btr` Jkrmfa     

Arivfs kla airfbtorifs Arivfs  K>P :

D`oppy aism or aismfttf. Qhis bkl ef rfjovfa droj thf bojputfr dor trklsport od di`fs. Lfw aismfttfs dor aktk storkcf jky lffa to ef dorjkttfa efdorf usf.

Lotf> Jost joafrl bojputfrs krf low supp`ifa without thf ‘K’ arivf E>P : B>P :

A>P :

F>P :

Qhis bou`a ef klothfr d`oppy aism arivf Qhis aism is lot rfjovke`f droj thf bojputfr (bojjol`y tfrjfa thf hkra arivf), it is thf jkil storkcf krfk dor aktk kla procrkjs withil thf bojputfr Lorjk``y this wi`` ef rfsfrvfa dor k BA UOJ/ATA arivf, ol whibh wi`` ef procrkj ildorjktiol (rfka ol`y) or rf-writfke`f BA/ATA Lorjk``y klothfr rfjovke`f aism usfa dor aktk storkcf kla fxport, it jky ef olf od sfvfrk` typfs subh ks>   Bojpkbt d`kshbkra.   Jfjory stibm.

3-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Opfrktiol od Bojputfr Eksib Bojjklas Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

3.2

Silaows Silaows is k sodtwkrf systfj jkrmftfa ey Jibrosodt dor aisp`ky kla siju`tklfous usf od k lujefr od procrkjjfs. Qhfrf krf k lujefr od Silaows sodtwkrf vfrsiols kvki`ke`f. Silaows jkmfs usf od ibols whibh, whfl sf`fbtfa, bkusf spfbidib procrkjs to rul. Jorf thkl olf procrkj bkl rul siju`tklfous`y, so it is possie`f to tocc`f eftwffl thfj ey mffpilc thf Qke mfy prfssfa kla thfl prfssilc thf K@Q mfy, whfl thf mfy is rf`fksfa thf procrkj hich`ichtfa wi`` rul. Silaows Fxp`orfr Qhf Silaows Fxp`orfr is ol olf f od thf jost usfdu` od Silaows procrkjs. procrkjs. It bkl ef usfa dor jovilc, bopyilc, rf-lkjilc ks wf`` ks af`ftilc di`fs kla brfktilc kla af`ftilc airfbtorifs. Ilstk``ktiol kla kbbfss to KBDJ Rodtwkrf  KBDJ sodtwkrf is supp`ifa ey QRB ol k aismfttf or BA UOJ. It is lorjk` prkbtisf dor k purbhksf purbhksfrr ilstk``s k bopy ol his owl hkra arivf. Aftki`fa ilstrubtiols bkl ef doula il thf rf`fvklt jkludkbturfr’s jkluk` kla UfkaJf di`f ol thf BAPUOJ. Lotf> Bhkptfr 8 afk`s with KRRIRQklt sodtwkrf ilstk``ktiol

3-5

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Rfbtiol 8 KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

8

KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf

8.;

Iltroaubtiol Qhf `ktfst sodtwkrf dor usf with thf burrflt cflfrktiol od KBDJ ilstrujfltktiol is thf KRRIRQ dkji`y (KBDJ sodtwkrf suitf dor thf ilspfbtiol od strubturfs), bolsistilc od thf do``owilc>      

KRRIRQklt supports ol`y stklakra jkluk` proefs (;Ex kla ;Ez) supfrsfafs [DJ2. KRRIRQ @itf supports stklakra proefs kla sjk`` krrkys od up to 2 rows with or without flboafrs. KRRIRQ supports stklakra proefs kla k`` krrkys.

Qhf sodtwkrf hks effl afvf`opfa to rul ol `kptops or afsmtop WBs rullilc Silaows 9x/LQ/5777/XW. Rojf afvibfs low dfkturf toubh-sbrffls so dulbtiol euttols hkvf effl usfa, il kaaitiol to jflus, whibh bkl ef sf`fbtfa jorf fksi`y with k dilcfr or sty`us.

8.5

Rodtwkrf ilstk``ktiol Qhf sodtwkrf pkbmkcfs krf usuk``y supp`ifa ol k BA-UOJ. Ilsfrt thf BA-UOJ ilto thf arivf ol thf WB. Vsilc Fxp`orfr or Jy Bojputfr, sf`fbt thf BA-UOJ arivf. Aoue`f b`ibm ol thf UfkaJf di`f. Do``ow thf ol-sbrffl ilstrubtiols to ilstk`` thf sodtwkrf.

8.2

Wroef di`f ilstk``ktiol Efdorf you bkl usf k proef with thf sodtwkrf it is lfbfsskry to ilstk`` thf proef’s boldicurktiol di`f. Ilsfrt thf d`oppy aism (or othfr jfaik) supp`ifa with thf proef. Bopy thf proef di`f (0sfrik` lujefr

8-2

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Id k proef is p`uccfa ilto thf ilstrujflt sobmft, kla thf ilstrujflt bojjulibktiols krf flke`fa, thfl thf proef's sfrik` lujefr wi`` kutojktibk``y ef aisp`kyfa il thf Wroef Rfrik` Lo. eox. Id it is lot thfl sf`fbt thf rfquirfa lujefr droj thf arop-aowl `ist. Rf`fbt thf boldicurktiol rfquirfa dor thf ilspfbtiol. Qhf optiol wi`` lorjk``y ef dfrritib stff` dor jost strubturk` ilspfbtiols. Fltfr thf sfrik` lujefr dor thf KBDJ ilstrujflt il thf Ilstrujflt eox. Lotf thkt id it hks effl fltfrfa prfvious`y it wi`` ef kvki`ke`f il thf aropaowl `ist. Wrfss Ilspfbt to jovf ol to thf KBDJ aktk sbrffl. Wrfss Bklbf` id you wklt to rfturl to thf prfvious sbrffl Wrfss B`fkr id you wklt to b`fkr k`` thf fltrifs il thf eoxfs. Wrfss Erowsf to `oom dor k pkrtibu`kr di`f k`rfkay storfa ol thf jkbhilf. Erowsf opfls k pklf` thkt aisp`kys k`` thf Dulbtiol Bhfbm di`fs thkt jktbh kly fltrifs il thf Dulbtiol Bhfbm pklf`. Dor fxkjp`f, id you fltfrfa k pkrtibu`kr proef sfrik` lujefr eut `fdt thf othfr eoxfs e`klm, thfl thf pklf` wou`a aisp`ky k`` thf di`fs tkmfl with thkt pkrtibu`kr proef, vfry usfdu` dor dilailc k pkrtibu`kr di`f.

Rf`fbt olf od thf `istfa di`fs kla prfss OM. You wi`` lotibf thkt this di`f's aftki`s wi`` kppfkr il thf Dulbtiol Bhfbm pklf`. Rijp`y prfss Ilspfbt to rfvifw thf aktk.

8-1

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Cflfrk`

Qhis ilspfbtiol jfthoa shou`a ef usfa dor k`` ilspfbtiols. Qhf do``owilc pklf` is aisp`kyfa>

Id k proef is p`uccfa ilto thf ilstrujflt sobmft, kla thf ilstrujflt bojjulibktiols krf flke`fa, thfl thf proef's sfrik` lujefr wi`` kutojktibk``y ef aisp`kyfa il thf Wroef Rfrik` Lo. eox. Id it is lot thfl sf`fbt thf rfquirfa lujefr droj thf arop-aowl `ist. Rf`fbt thf boldicurktiol rfquirfa dor thf ilspfbtiol, this wi`` lorjk``y ef dfrritib stff` dor jost strubturk` ilspfbtiols. Fltfr k bojpolflt afsbriptiol il thf Bojpolflt eox, or sf`fbt k prfvious itfj droj thf arop-aowl `ist. Wrfss Ilspfbt to jovf ol to thf KBDJ aktk sbrffl. Wrfss Bklbf` id you wklt to rfturl to thf prfvious sbrffl. Wrfss B`fkr id you wklt to b`fkr k`` thf fltrifs il thf eoxfs. Wrfss Erowsf to `oom dor k pkrtibu`kr di`f k`rfkay storfa ol thf jkbhilf. Erowsf opfls k pklf` thkt aisp`kys k`` thf Cflfrk` di`fs thkt jktbh kly fltrifs il thf Cflfrk` Ilspfbtiol pklf`, fc id you sf`fbtfa k pkrtibu`kr bojpolflt eut `fdt thf othfr eoxfs e`klm, thfl thf pklf` wou`a aisp`ky k`` thf di`fs thkt wfrf tkmfl dor thkt pkrtibu`kr bojpolflt, vfry usfdu` dor dilailc k pkrtibu`kr di`f.

8-6

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

  Rf`fbt olf od thf `istfa di`fs kla prfss OM. You wi`` lotibf thkt this di`f's aftki`s kppfkr il thf Cflfrk` Ilspfbtiol pklf`. Rijp`y prfss Ilspfbt to rfvifw thf aktk. Wroef Boldic

Lotf> Qhis ilspfbtiol jfthoa shou`a ol`y ol`y   ef usfa dor brfktilc lfw proef boldicurktiols whibh shou`a ol`y ef ulafrtkmfl ey k @fvf` 5 usfr who is bojp`ftf`y dkji`ikr with thf ijp`ibktiol od proef di`f boldicurktiols. Rff @fvf` 5 boursf lotfs. KBDJ aktk sbrffl Qhf KBDJ aktk sbrffl is whfrf thf KBDJ aktk is aisp`kyfa kla klk`ysfa, ks subh it is thf `kyout sffl jost odtfl ey thf opfrktor. It bolsists od k boltro`, di`f ildorjktiol kla afdfbt aftki`s/pkcf lotfs krfks kt thf top kla k aktk aisp`ky krfk ulafrlfkth with k sbro`` ekr kt thf vfry eottoj. Qhf boltro` krfk bojprisfs two rows od euttols kla k bfltrk` ildorjktiol ekr. Qhf top row is usfa to sf`fbt thf typf od vifw thkt thf aktk is aisp`kyfa with, subh ks euttfrd`y p`ot or `ilf trkbfs, kla thf `owfr euttols sf`fbt croups od kbtiols or ildorjktiol.

8-4

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

KBDJ aktk sbrffl Jflu Itfjs

Euttol Ekrs

Rf`fbt Lotfs/Afdfbts Lotfs/Afdfbts

Lotfs/Afd  wilaow

Di`f ildorjktiol wilaow

Uow sf`fbt pklf`

Ex wilaow

z wilaow Lfxt pkcf euttol

Wrfvious pkcf euttol Rtktus ekr

Rbro`` ekr whfl zoojfa

Dicurf 8.; KRRIRQ aktk sbrffl. sbrffl.

afdfbts

sfkj wf`a

Dicurf 8.5   Fxkjp`f Fxkjp`f aisp`ky showilc two afdfbts kla klojk`y (sfkj wf`a).

8-3

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Bojeilfa W`ot

Rhows thf `ilf trkbfs kla euttfrd`y p`ot kt thf skjf tijf= thf skjf vifw aisp`kyfa whfl bo``fbtilc aktk. You bkl usf k`` od thf dulbtiolk`ity kssobiktfa with thf ilaiviauk``y aisp`kyfa p`ot typfs. Wroef Boldicurktiol (@fvf` 5 dulbtiol) Boltour W`ot

Aisp`kys thf KBDJ aktk ks k 5A jkp bo`ourfa kbborailc to thf rfkailc vk`uf. Qwo sfpkrktf pklfs boltkil Ex kla Ez aktk. Lotf> Qhis p`ot is usuk``y ol`y usfdu` whfl `oomilc kt krrky aktk. Ufp`ky

 K``ows you to rfp`ky k sbkl kla wktbh thf aktk kppfkr il k siji`kr wky to `ivf bo``fbtiol, pkrtibu`kr`y usfdu` dor oesfrvilc thf airfbtiol od thf euttfrd`y `oop dor fxkjp`f. Qhf spffa od rfp`ky bkl k`so ef kanustfa. Ef`ow is k sbrffl shot od thf rfp`ky dulbtiolk`ity kt worm. Shfl rullilc k rfp`ky kaaitiolk` euttols krf flke`fa to boltro` thf rfp`ky dulbtiols> Ufpfktfa`y rfp`kys aktk il k sty`f siji`kr to whfl thf aktk wks bo``fbtfa. Ufp`kys thf aktk olbf il thf lorjk` vifw sty`f. Hot mfy> 0 - R`owfr rfp`ky. Hot mfy> < - Dkstfr rfp`ky. Hot mfy> F - Fla burrflt rfp`ky. Shi`f rfp`ky is flke`fa k`` othfr procrkj dulbtiolk`ity is aiske`fa.

8-8

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Dif`a Aisp`ky OU Lot supportfa il KRRIRQklt. Lotf> Y di`fa aktk is ol`y kpp`ibke`f to krrky proefs. Rf`fbts whibh dif`a's aktk to aisp`ky. Shfl thf X dif`a `oco is showilc, thf aktk borrfspolailc to thf X dif`a fxbitktiol boi` is showl, if thf bolvfltiolk` dif`a airfbtiol whfl usilc jkluk` proefs. Qhis dif`a is sflsitivf to afdfbts `yilc il thf skjf `ilf ks thf sbkl airfbtiol. K`tfrlktf`y whfl thf Y dif`a `oco is showilc, thf aktk rfprfsflts thkt bo``fbtfa il thf t hf Y dif`a, kt richt klc`fs to thf X. Qhis dif`a is sflsitivf to trklsvfrsf afdfbts thkt rul kbross thf `ilf od thf sbkl. Ekttfry `fvf` Wrfssilc this euttol sflas k qufry to thf ilstrujflt kla aisp`kys thf rfportfa ilstrujflt ekttfry `fvf`. Qhf do``owilc ibols ilaibktf k pkrtibu`kr ekttfry stktf> Ekttfry du``. Ekttfry 5/2 du``. Ekttfry ;/2 du``. Ekttfry vo`tkcf cfttilc `ow - rfbhkrcf sool or bollfbt powfr. Ekttfry too `ow dor thf ilstrujflt to opfrktf. Bhklcf dor du`` ekttfry pkbm, switbh odd kla rfbhkrcf or bollfbt powfr. Ekttfry stktus bou`a lot ef aftfrjilfa. Qry prfssilc thf euttol kckil. Id this rfjkils thfl bhfbm thkt thf ilstrujflt is switbhfa ol kla thkt thf bojjulibktiols `fka is bollfbtfa. Ildorjktiol ekr

Qhis krfk sfpkrktfs thf two rows od euttols kla aisp`kys vkrious pifbfs od ildorjktiol keout thf aktk. Shfl switbhilc eftwffl pkcfs it shows thf pkcf lujefr kckilst thf totk` lujefr od pkcfs.

8-9

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Shfl k aktk vifw typf euttol is prfssfa it shows thf Ex kla Ez rklcfs k`olc with thf sbkl `flcth (dor flboafr proefs). Shfl sizilc k afdfbt it shows thf Ex kla Ez vk`ufs sf`fbtfa. Rbkl Airfbtiol

Rfts thf airfbtiol dor thf lfxt sbkl> Hot mfy> B - Rbkl wi`` ef pfrdorjfa il thf t hf B airfbtiol. Hot mfy> K - Rbkl wi`` ef pfrdorjfa il thf t hf K airfbtiol. Hot mfy> Q - Rbkl wi`` ef pfrdorjfa il k trklsvfrsf (siafwkys) airfbtiol if lorjk` to thf stklakra K-B airfbtiol. Jkluk` proef airfbtiol ulafdilfa. Hot mfy> D - Krrky sbkl wi`` ef pfrdorjfa il thf Dorwkra (B) airfbtiol. Hot mfy> E - Krrky sbkl wi`` ef pfrdorjfa il thf Ekbmwkras (K) airfbtiol.  Krrky proef airfbtiol ulafdilfa. ulafdilfa. Id thf rul euttol is prfssfa whfl thf airfbtiol is ulafdilfa k wkrlilc jfsskcf is civfl kla thf sbkl bkllot efcil ulti` k vk`ia airfbtiol is fltfrfa. Uul

Hot mfy> U

 Ks its lkjf succfsts, this euttol sflas kl ilstrubtiol to thf ilstrujflt to efcil bo``fbtilc KBDJ aktk. Shi`f k Wkusf

Wrfssilc thf Rtop euttol (Hot ( Hot mfy> R) wi`` R) wi`` stop thf sbkl. Wrfssilc thf Wos. euttol p`kbfs k lujefrfa positiol jkrmfr il thf aktk. Qhf lujefrs bkl ef sft up usilc thf Rftup Jkrmfrs pklf`. Wrfssilc thf Jkrm euttol p`kbfs k cflfrk` jkrmfr il thf aktk.

8-;7

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Lotf thkt jkrmfrs bkl k`so ef p`kbfa il thf aktk usilc thf ilstrujflt jkrm euttol. Qhf typf od jkrmfr thkt this euttol cflfrktfs is boltro``fa il thf Rftup Jkrmfrs pklf`. Wrfssilc thf Wkusf Wkusf euttol wi`` pk pkusf usf thf sbkl sbkl.. Wrfssilc this e euttol uttol kckil wi`` rfsujf thf sbkl. Klk`ysf

 Klk`ysf kbbfssfs bfrtkil dulbtiols dulbtiols rfquirfa il klk`ysilc aktk. Qhf do``owilc pklf` is aisp`kyfa>

Wrfss olf od thf do``owilc euttols or thf Bklbf` euttol to `fkvf this sbrffl. Lotf thkt id thf sbrffl sbk`ilcs krf k`tfrfa usilc thf zooj or dit optiols thf  Klk`ysf euttol bhklcfs to k`frt you to thf dkbt thkt you krf lot sffilc tthf hf trkbfs kt thf borrfbt `fvf` od jkclidibktiol. Afdku`t Hot mfy> A

Wrfssilc this sfts thf sbrffl sbk`ilcs to thf stklakra proef afdku`t sizf. Bfltrf Hot mfy> T

Wrfssilc this bfltrfs thf trkbfs il thf wilaows. Qhf hot mfy> T  bkl   bkl ef usfa kt kly tijf.

8-;;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

^ooj

 K``ows you to bhklcf thf aktk aisp`ky sbk`ilcs kla fddfbtivf`y zooj il or out ol kly pkrtibu`kr dfkturf. Qhf do``owilc pklf` is aisp`kyfa to k``ow you to sft thf rfquirfa aisp`ky rklcfs> Dit

Wrfssilc this wi`` bkusf thf sbrffl sbk`ilcs to bhklcf so thkt thf aktk di``s thf sbrffl. Qhf Ex kla Ez krf sbk`fa il thf skjf proportiols ks tthf hf afdku`t proef sbk`ilcs so thkt euttfrd`y `oops kppfkr with thf borrfbt rktio.  Ks k siaf fddfbt thf Klk`ysf euttol bhklcfs to k`frt you to thf dkbt thkt you krf lot sffilc thf trkbfs kt thf borrfbt `fvf` od jkclidibktiol. Rizf Afdfbt

Vsfa to sizf k afdfbt jkluk``y usilc aktk poilts you hkvf prfvious`y jkrmfa ol thf `ilf trkbfs. Kaa Ufciol

Flke`fs you to jkrm k spfbidifa rfciol olto thf aktk, to rfprfsflt k sfkj wf`a dor fxkjp`f. Qo kaa k rfciol> jkrm thf krfk rfquirfa ey swffpilc il thf Ez trkbf. Bhoosf Klk`ysf kla prfss thf Kaa Ufciol euttol. Arop aowl thf typfs eox kla sf`fbt thf rfquirfa rfciol typf. Lotf thf bo`our proaubfa ol thf trkbf wi`` afpfla ol thf optiol bhosfl. Qhf optiols krf>              

Afdfbt ‒ rfa. Vlb`kssidifa ‒ e`uf. Klojk`ous ‒ e`uf. Vlafrbut ‒ crffl. Rfkj wf`a ‒ crffl. B`fkr ‒ crffl. Wrfss OM.

8-;5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Qhf lfw rfciol wi`` ef kaafa to thf `ist od rfciols kla thf krfk wi`` ef aisp`kyfa il thf borrfspolailc bo`our il thf Ex trkbf. Rtklakraisf

Qhis optiol is ol`y kvki`ke`f il Wroef Boldicurktiol joaf. Rff @fvf` 5 boursf lotfs Ildo

Ildo kbbfssfs ilspfbtiol ildorjktiol. Qhf do``owilc pklf` is aisp`kyfa>

Wrfss olf od thf do``owilc euttols or prfss thf Bklbf` euttol to `fkvf this sbrffl. Lotfs Hot mfy> Btr` + L

Opfls k pklf` whfrf you bkl typf il kly ildorjktiol rf`ktilc to thf burrflt aktk pkcf. Qhis bou`a ef thf jfklilc od jkrmfr `obktiols or kly othfr lotfs thkt wou`a ef hf`pdu` whfl rfvifwilc thf di`f. Qhf aktf kla tijf thkt thf pkcf od aktk wks bo``fbtfa ol is showl kt thf eottoj od thf pklf`.

8-;2

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

  Qhf boltflts od thf lotfs pkcf bkl ef doula to thf top richt od thf aktk sbrffl kla bkl ef bhklcfa to show thf afdfbts `ist ey prfssilc thf kankbflt euttol. Afdfbt Ildo. Hot mfy> Btr` + A

Wroaubfs k pklf` thkt shows aftki`s od thf afdfbts iafltidifa ol thf pkcf.  Kly afdfbts thkt hkvf effl sizfa krf aisp`kyfa il thf jkil `ist eox whibh shows thfir IA lujefr, `obktiol, `flcth kla afpth il jj kla row lujefr whibh thf afdfbt wks sizfa ol. Shfl il proef boldicurktiol joaf klothfr bo`ujl shows thf boi` dkbtor usfa whfl sizilc thf afdfbt.

8-;1

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Ufciol Ildo. Hot mfy> Btr` + U

Tkrious pkrts or rfciols od thf trkbfs bkl ef hich`ichtfa kla kssiclfa k pkrtibu`kr b`kssidibktiol fc sfkj wf`as, klojk`ous, ftb. Tifwilc kla faitilc this ildorjktiol is pfrdorjfa ey prfssilc thf Ufciol Ildo I ldo euttol. Lotf> id you af`ftf k prfvious`y jkrmfa afdfbt, thf rfa afdfbt rfciol rfjkils hich`ichtfa ulti` it is rfjovfa usilc this pklf`. Rfttilcs

Aisp`kys k pklf` thkt shows thf ilstrujflt sfttilcs il opfrktiol whfl thf aktk pkcf wks bo``fbtfa. Qhfsf sfttilcs krf thfrfdorf dixfa kla bkllot ef faitfa. Wrilt

It k``ows you to prilt out kly pkcf od aktk droj k aktk di`f. Lotf> Rff bhkptfr ;1 Rftup

Rftup k``ows bfrtkil sodtwkrf or ilstrujflt propfrtifs to ef k`tfrfa. Qhf do``owilc pklf` is aisp`kyfa>

Wrfss olf od thf do``owilc euttols or prfss thf Bklbf` euttol to `fkvf this sbrffl.

8-;6

8 ;6

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Rbkl Uktf

 K``ows you to kanust thf rktf kt whibh aktk is bo``fbtfa kla, hflbf, thf spffa kt whibh thf trkbfs kppfkr ol thf sbrffl. Rbkl rktf zfro is thf dkstfst, sbkl rktf ;777 is thf s`ow s`owfst. fst. Qhf afdku`t sfttilc is usuk``y 2. Jkrmfrs

Aisp`kys k pklf` thkt k``ows you to k`tfr thf jkrmfr pkrkjftfrs.

Rodtwkrf

Aisp`kys k pklf` k``owilc you to k`tfr thf sodtwkrf sfttilcs spfbidib to ilspfbtilc. Qhfsf dulbtiols krf sojfwhkt kavklbfa kla it is ul`imf`y thkt k @fvf` ; opfrktor wou`a lffa to kbbfss this sbrffl. Ilstrujflt

Lotf> Bhklcilc vk`ufs il this pklf` jky sfrious`y kddfbt thf ilspfbtiol boldicurktiols so it shou`a lot ef usfa ey k @fvf` ; opfrktor. Rff @fvf` 5 boursf lotfs.

8 ;4

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Boktilc

Aisp`kys k pklf` thkt k``ows you to k`tfr thf boktilc thibmlfss or `idt odd thkt thf proef is opfrktilc throuch. Jorf

Aisp`kys thf do``owilc pklf`.

Wrfss olf od thf do``owilc euttols to jkmf k sf`fbtiol or prfss Bklbf` to b`osf thf pklf`. Wrfvious Hot mfy> W  

Aisp`kys thf prfvious pkcf od aktk il thf burrflt di`f. Lfxt Hot mfy> L  

Aisp`kys thf lfxt pkcf od aktk il thf burrflt di`f. Af`ftf

Lotf> Af`ftfa Lotf>  Af`ftfa pkcfs bkllot ef rfstorfa

8 ;3

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Qksm Rbrffl

Ufturls you to thf tksm sbrffl with thf Ilspfbtiol ildorjktiol pklf` sti`` showilc dor thf burrflt di`f.

8.6

KRRIRQ @itf sodtwkrf dor Kjico V;9 Dfkturfs kvki`ke`f il KRRIRQ @itf krf thf skjf ks thf KRRIRQKLQ sodtwkrf eut hks jkly kaafa dfkturfs thkt flke`fs thf usfr to opfrktf thf lfw flboafr krrky wf`a proef. KBDJ wf`a flboafr proef Qhf lfw proef dfkturfs k positiol flboafr to proviaf k boltiluous positiol rfdfrflbf kla thf opportulity dor rkpia afdfbt `obktiol, ju`tip`f sflsor optiols dor crfktfr bovfrkcf, optiol od ju`tip`f dif`a airfbtiols. Othfr lfw dfkturfs siclidibklt`y ijprovf uskei`ity whi`f proef wfkr hks effl siclidibklt`y rfaubfa. Ilaibktor `ichts

JKUM euttol

RQOW/RQKUQ euttol

Dicurf 8.2 KBDJ wf`a flboafr flboafr krrky proef proef typf 256.

8-;8

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

 

Ef`t to rotfbt dirst sflsor 

Shff`s

Optiolk` sfbola kla thira sflsors

Dicurf 8.1 Vlafrsiaf od wf`a flboafr krrky proef typf 256.

Rf`fbt boltour p`ot aisp`ky

 Krfk dor lotfs or afdfbt ildorjktiol ol fkbh pkcf Ilspfbtiol aftki`s

Afdfbts jkrmfa Dicurf 8.6 KRRIRQ @itf tksm sbrffl. sbrffl.

8-;9

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

8.4

Hot mfys Bkl rfaubf thf lujefr od opfrktiols lfbfsskry il orafr to jkmf k dulbtiol obbur, k `ist od thf hot mfys kvki`ke`f il KRRIRQ. Qhf mfystromfs showl to thf richt od thf bojjkla il k jflu krf bk``fa thf shortbut mfys. Mfy

Dulbtiol

 K

Rft Kltib`obmwisf sbkl sbkl airfbtiol

E B

Rft Ekbmwkras sbkl airfbtiol (krrky) Rft B`obmwisf sbkl airfbtiol

A

Rft Afdku`t aisp`ky rklcfs

F

Fla Burrflt Ufp`ky

D

Rft Dorwkras sbkl airfbtiol (krrky)

M

B`fkrs kl krfk, swfpt il thf Ez, od afdfbt bk``s

@

Cofs to thf `kst pkcf il thf di`f

J

Jijibs thf kbtiol od prfssilc thf Jkrm euttol ol thf ilstrujflt

L

Rf`fbts thf Lfxt aktk pkcf il k di`f

W

Rf`fbts thf Wrfvious aktk pkcf il k di`f

U

Uuls k sbkl

R

Rtops k sbkl

T

Bfltrfs thf aktk il thf wilaows

X

Afbrfksfs zooj `fvf` ol k burrflt`y pkcf wiath zoojfa sfbtiol

^

^oojs thf pkcf wiath to dit k rfciol sf`fbtfa il thf Ez wilaow

FLQFU

W`kbfs cflfrk` jkrmfr il sbkl aktk

RWKBF

W`kbfs lujefrfa positiol jkrmfr il sbkl aktk

<

Dkstfr Ufp`ky

0

R`owfr Ufp`ky

Mfy

Dulbtiol

;

Qurl Ol/Odd Uow ; (dor krrky proefs ol`y)

5

Qurl Ol/Odd Uow 5 (dor krrky proefs ol`y)

2

Qurl Ol/Odd Uow 2 (dor krrky proefs ol`y)

1

Qurl Ol/Odd Uow 1 (dor krrky proefs ol`y)

6

Qurl Ol/Odd Uow 6 (dor krrky proefs ol`y)

4

Qurl Ol/Odd Uow 4 (dor krrky proefs ol`y)

3

Qurl Ol/Odd Uow 3 (dor krrky proefs ol`y)

8

Qurl Ol/Odd Uow 8 (dor krrky proefs ol`y)

↛ 

Jovf Ex Qrkbf Vp

→ 

Jovf Ex Qrkbf Aowl

↗ 

Jovf Ez Qrkbf Vp

↕ 

Jovf Ez Qrkbf Aowl

8-57

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  KRRIRQ Dkji`y Rodtwkrf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;;

Il kaaitiol to thfsf silc`f hot mfys, othfrs krf prfssfa whi`f ho`ailc aowl thf Boltro` (Btr`) mfy to kbbfss drfquflt`y usfa aik`ocuf eoxfs. Mfy

Dulbtiol

Btr` + A

Opfls thf Ildo ‒ Afdfbts aik`oc

Btr` + L

Opfls thf Ildo ‒ Lotfs aik`oc

Btr` + U Btr` + B

Opfls thf Ildo ‒ Ufciols aik`oc Opfls thf sftup - Jkrmfrs

8-5;

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Rfbtiol 9 Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships

 

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

9

Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Qhf thforftibk` ekbmcroula dor thf Ex kla Ez siclk`s wks afsbriefa prfvious`y. Il thf QRB KBDJ ilstrujflt thf Ex kla Ez siclk`s krf prfsfltfa il two wkys, ks trkbfs ol k tijfeksf whibh shows `fvf`s od d`ux aflsity pkrk``f` (Ex) kla pfrpflaibu`kr (Ez) to thf p`ktf kla ks euttfrd`y p`ot kckilst fkbh othfr, bk``fa thf euttfrd`y p`ot efbkusf od thf shkpf od thf siclk` proaubfa droj k brkbm. It is ijportklt to ulafrstkla thf rf`ktiolship eftwffl thf sbkls kla this is showl ef`ow. Qhfrf krf hojfworm fxfrbisfs to dkji`ikrisf you with thf aisp`ky. Qhf euttfrd`y p`ot jky ef boldusilc= it is jkaf up od two trkbfs, Ex kla Ez, p`ottfa kckilst fkbh othfr kt k spfbidib tijf kla efbkusf od thf spfbidib lkturf od thf jkclftib dif`as kroula k brkbm this rfsu`ts il k pkrtibu`kr shkpf to ef aisp`kyfa whfl k brkbm is aftfbtfa, is bk``fa euttfrd`y p`ot. Qhf p`ot is eui`t up ks do``ows> Ex ilbrfksilc

Ez ilbrfksilc

Rtkrt poilt

Dicurf 9.; Ex kla Ez il thf euttfrd`y p`ot.

Cflfrk` aftfbtiol kla fxkjilktiol probfaurf  K`` ilaibktiols ((if if afviktiols ddroj roj k d`kt ekbmcroula siclk`) ol k sbkl just ef ilspfbtfa, thfsf jicht `ktfr ef iltfrprftfa ks lol-brkbm siclk`s eut thfy shou`a k`wkys ef fxkjilfa. Qhf do``owilc lotfs show how siclk`s bkl ef jorf positivf`y iafltidifa.

9.;

Brkbm siclk`s Rfji f``iptibk` brkbm k`olc sbkl Qhf euttfrd`y shkpf od k sfji f``iptibk` brkbm il k sbkl is showl il Dicurf 9.5. Qhf euttfrd`y p`ot bkl ef aistortfa il k lujefr od wkys ks afsbriefa ef`ow eut it is this siclk` whibh KBDJ opfrktors shou`a ef `oomilc dor kt k`` tijfs. Euttfrd`y p`ots jky ef arkwl fithfr b`obmwisf or klti-b`obmwisf, afpflailc ol thf airfbtiol thf proef kpprokbhfs thf brkbm, afsbriefa ey thf airfbtiol od jovfjflt od thf proef (K or B rfspfbtivf`y). It is ijportklt thkt thf  KBDJ opfrktor hks this ildorjktiol ks it bkl hf`p aistilcuish eftwffl brkbms kla lol-rf`fvklt siclk`s.

9-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

Dicurf 9.5  Brkbm-`imf   Brkbm-`imf ilaibktiol showilc rf`ktiolship eftwffl Ex kla Ez.

Qhf keovf shows Ex, Ez kla euttfrd`y p`ots dor k sfji-f``iptibk` dkticuf brkbm (stklakra, ticht kbbfss, pflbi` kla jiliproefs). Dor thf jibro kla thrfka proefs thf sflsilc boi`s krf s`icht`y aisp`kbfa droj fkbh othfr, rfsu`tilc il k aistortfa euttfrd`y p`ot ks showl ef`ow.

B - Airfbtiol sbkl

Dicurf 9.2 Kppfkrklbf od KBDJ brkbm siclk`s dor jibro kla thrfka proefs.

Brkbm kt klc`f to sbkl Id thf brkbm is kt kl klc`f to thf sbkl it is `imf`y to proaubf k siclk` ks showl ef`ow. Qhf Ez is rfaubfa efbkusf thf sflsor proef ol`y pkssfs throuch thf facf od thf Ez pfkm. Qhis typf od siclk` bkl kppfkr whfl k brkbm turls k borlfr kt thf fla od kl kttkbhjflt or rkt ho`f.

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9-5

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

Rbkl pkssfs this fla od thf brkbm kt k aistklbf

Rbkl pkssfs ovfr this fla od thf brkbm

Sf`a

Dicurf 9.1 Brkbm kt klc`f to sbkl.

Brkbm kt klc`f to surdkbf ol oppositf wf`a tof Qhf fddfbt od k brkbm kt k lol-vfrtibk` klc`f to thf proef ks showl ef`ow is cflfrk``y k rfaubtiol il thf Ez siclk`. Qhf Ex siclk` shou`a lot bhklcf proviafa thf ulidorj dif`a bkl ef jkiltkilfa. Brkbm

Brkbm

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9-2

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

Dicurf 9.6 Fxkjp`f od brkbm siclk` droj oppositf tof od wf`a.

9.5

@ilf boltkbts kla ju`tip`f brkbms Shfl boltkbts obbur kbross or withil k brkbm thfl `oops od thf euttfrd`y p`ot obbur withil thf jkil `oop od thf brkbm. Id jorf thkl olf brkbm obburs il thf sbkl thfrf wi`` ef k lujefr od `oops eut thf Ex wi`` rfturl to thf ekbmcroula eftwffl `oops.

@ilf boltkbt

Dicurf 9.4  Fxkjp`f  Fxkjp`f od sbkl showilc `ilf boltkbt.

9-1

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Othfr siclk` sourbfs Othfr siclk` sourbfs bkl aistort brkbm siclk`s kla jkmf positivf iafltidibktiol jorf aiddibu`t. Kly od thf othfr siclk` sourbfs bkl bojeilf with k brkbm siclk` sijp`y ey kaaitiol od thf jkclftib dif`as droj fkbh sourbf. It wi`` ef vfry ijportklt dor kl KBDJ opfrktor to ef ke`f to jfltk``y rfjovf thf fddfbt od lol-rf`fvklt siclk`s subh ks cfojftrib fddfbts, ks brkbm siclk`s tfla to ef supfrijposfa ol thfsf siclk`s. Borrfbt visuk` ilspfbtiol whibh jky lffa to ef bkrrifa out ey thf proef opfrktor bkl ef vfry ijportklt ks kl kia to iafltidibktiol od siclk` sourbfs. @idt odd Rjk`` kjoults od `idt odd jky lot kddfbt thf KBDJ proef howfvfr suestkltik` jovfjflt wi`` proaubf `krcf siclk`s. Qhfsf bkl usuk``y ef iafltidifa efbkusf Ex kla Ez jovf tocfthfr rkthfr thkl kt aiddfrflt tijfs ks thfy ao dor jost afdfbts. @idt odd auf to affp crila rfpkirs bkl proaubf k brkbm-`imf siclk`, thf proef opfrktor shou`a ildorj thf KBDJ opfrktor thkt thfrf is k crila il this krfk kla this shou`a ef sbkllfa with thf pflbi` proef. Opfrktors shou`a ef kwkrf od k crkauk` bhklcf il thf loisf `fvf` whfl sbkllilc thf wf`a tof, whibh bou`a ef auf to thf sbkl jovilc ol or odd thf wf`a bkp or efbkusf ks thf sbkl procrfssfs thf noilt cfojftry is bhklcilc.

9.2

Cfojftry Shfl k proef sbkls ilto k tichtflilc noilt cfojftry thf Ex siclk` tflas to crkauk``y ilbrfksf, with ol`y vfry s`icht bhklcf il Ez. Qhis wi`` obbur ol k`` tueu`kr noilts to sojf fxtflt ks thf cfojftry is boltiluk``y bhklcilc.

Dicurf 9.3  Rbkl  Rbkl ilto tichtflilc cfojftry.

Id k brkbm ilaibktiol is doula whfl sbkllilc ilto k tichtflilc cfojftry, thfl thf brkbm ilaibktiol wi`` ef supfrijposfa ol thf cfojftry fddfbt, sff Dicurf 9.8.

9-6

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

Dicurf 9.8  Fddfbts  Fddfbts od sbkllilc ilto tichtflilc cfojftry ol brkbm ilaibktiol.

9.1

Jktfrik`s Qhf usf od KBDJ to sbkl jktfrik`s othfr thkl stff` is lot bolsiafrfa il this boursf. Qhf prfsflbf od aiddfrflt jktfrik`s il kla kroula thf wf`a krfk il stff` bkl bkusf ulwkltfa siclk`s, whibh jky or jky lot ef `imf brkbm siclk`s. Jktfrik` bhklcfs subh ks aiddfrflt jktfrik`s il k wf`a rfpkir bkl k`so proaubf siclk`s eut suitke`f sbkllilc probfaurfs bkl sojftijfs hf`p aistilcuish thf siclk`s.

9.6

Rfkj wf`as Riclk`s droj sfkj wf`as bkl ef vfry siji`kr to brkbm-`imf ilaibktiols. Rfkj wf`as lorjk``y proaubf upwkra eut obbksiolk``y aowlwkra dorjilc euttfrd`y p`ots bkl ef proaubfa droj. It is ijportklt thkt whfl sbkllilc sfkj wf`as thkt thf siclk`s krf vfridifa, kbhifvfa ey sijp`y jkrmilc thf efcillilc kla thf fla poilts ks thf proef trklsvfrsfs thf wf`a. Id thf siclk`s borrf`ktf with thf jkrmfrs thfl thfrf is k cooa proekei`ity thkt thf siclk`s krf proaubfa ey thf wf`a kla lot k dkticuf afdfbt.

K

;

B

56jj

K B

5

  Dicurf 9.9 Tfridyilc brkbm-`imf ilaibktiols.

9-4

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

K

;

B

56jj

K B

5

Rfkj Sf`a

  Dicurf 9.;7  Tfridyilc  Tfridyilc ilaibktiols droj sfkj wf`as.

Id k brkbm-`imf siclk` is flboultfrfa, eut thfrf is sojf aouet kla it is thoucht thkt jky ef thf siclk` is auf to kl ilb`usiol thfl thf do``owilc probfaurf bou`a b`fkr up kly aouet> Ilitik``y thf sbrffl shows k brkbm-`imf siclk` whfl sbkllfa il thf lorjk` wky>

Dicurf 9.;;  Qhis brkbm-`imf siclk` wi`` ef rfpfktfa id klothfr sbkl is bkrrifa out  pkrk``f` to thf dirst eut 6jj kwky droj droj thf tof.

Dicurfpkst 9.;5   Qhf  Qhf skjf brkbm-`imf wi``loeffddfbt fviaflt  proef thf ilb`usiol ilb`usiol kla thus siclk` thfrf is fddf bt drojulti` it. thf sbkl `ilf tkmfs thf

9-3

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

Dicurf 9.;2 Qurl thf proef throuch 97· kla sbkl kbross thf ilb`usiol k brkbm-`imf ilaibktiol is proaubfa.

Dicurf 9.;1 Rbkllilc 6jj droj kl kbtuk` brkbm, thf ilaibktiol proaubfa wou`a hkvf efbojf sjk``fr kla thfrf bfrtkil`y wou`a lot hkvf effl k brkbm-`imf ilaibktiol proaubfa whfl sbkllilc kbross it ks il sbkl 1 keovf.

Jkclftisj Ufsiauk` jkclftisj bkl kddfbt thf jkclftib propfrtifs od thf jktfrik` kla thfrfdorf thf KBDJ trkbfs. Dor jost strubturk` stff`s rfsiauk` jkclftisj dk``s kwky withil k dfw hours eut whfrf JWI or othfr jkclftib afvibfs hkvf effl rfbflt`y usfa thf krfk shou`a ef afjkclftisfa.

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9-8

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Aisp`ky Dorjkt Ex kla Ez Uf`ktiolships Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

9.4

Facfs kla borlfrs  Kl facf proaubfs k siclk` ks showl ef`ow dor k stklakra proef. Qhf borlfr is il thf oppositf airfbtiol (thf Ez pfkms jky k`so ef sjk``fr).

Dicurf 9.;6  Facf  Facf fddfbt showl ey thf ovk` wilaow. Yfs

Riclk` aifs quibm`y 56jj kwky

Aowlwkra Euttfrd`y ?

RQKUQ

Yfs

Lo Othfr dfkturf

Lo Lo

Brkbm Vl`imf`y

BUKBM

Yfs Wossie`f Brkbm

 K  Kly ly Ri Ricl clidi idibk bklt lt @oops ?

 K  Kly ly Aips ips il Ex

Lo

Ef`ow thf Qrfla ?

Yfs Lo LO BUKBM

 K  Kly ly Ksso Kssobi bikt ktfa fa pf pfkm kms s kla trouchs ol Ez?

Yfs Wroeke`y k `olc BUKBM. Rbkl k `krcf sfbtiol kla `oom dor brkbm-`imf trflas, fspfbik``y ol Ex, to boldirj.  

Dicurf 9.;4  Riclk`  Riclk` iltfrprftktiol orcklocrkj. orcklocrkj.

Id it is possie`f thkt thf proef wks lot do``owilc thf wf`a, rfsbkl. Othfrwisf, LO BUKBM

9-9

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Rfbtiol ;7 Wroef Opfrktor Erifdilc Ufquirfjflts

 

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Wroef Opfrktor Erifdilc Ufquirfjflts Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

;7

Wroef Opfrktor Erifdilc Ufquirfjflts  Ks ilaibktfa prfvious`y, thf proef opfrktor is k vfry ijportklt pkrt od thf probfaurf, dor this rfksol it is fspfbik``y ijportklt lfw proef opfrktors ef civfl k rfksolke`f ulafrstklailc od thf tfbhliquf= ildorjfa ks to thfir ro`f il thf opfrktiol kla il pkrtibu`kr jkaf kwkrf od thf possie`f proe`fjs auf to cfojftry, kttkbhjflts, wf`a prodi`f bhklcfs kla sfkj wf`as, ftb. Aivfrs shou`a ef ilstrubtfa ol KBDJ proef opfrktiol efdorf aivilc opfrktiols stkrt rkthfr thkl rfbfivilc thfsf lotfs il skturktiol. Iltroaubtiol Qhf proef opfrktor shou`a mlow thkt thf KBDJ proef boltkils k jkil ilaubtiol boi` proaubilc f`fbtribk` burrflts il thf jktfrik` ilspfbtfa. Qwo sflsor boi`s `obktfa lfkr thf facf od thf proef aftfbt thf jkclftib d`ux aflsity il thf x kla z p`klfs. It is ijportklt thf opfrktor mlows thf `obktiol od thfsf kla thf ilafx `ilf kssobiktfa with thfj. Wroefs krf bollfbtfa to fithfr thf suesfk ulit or topsiaf ilstrujflt ey k silc`f bollfbtor. Wroefs bkl ef bhklcfa ulafrwktfr without switbhilc odd thf suesfk ulit sijp`y ey switbhilc thf Wroef Odd euttol il thf sodtwkrf. Howfvfr thf jkil ujei`ibk` to thf surdkbf just lfvfr ef aisbollfbtfa ulafrwktfr. Wroefs ao lot rfquirf prfssurf to ef kpp`ifa kckilst thf surdkbf ks thfy krf lol-boltkbt afvibfs kla thf sbkl wi`` lot ef ks sjooth id thf opfrktor prfssfs too hkra.

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Wrfpkrktiol od ilspfbtiol krfk Qhf ilspfbtiol krfk wi`` lffa to ef b`fklfa od jkrilf crowth id ulafrwktfr= howfvfr pkilt rfjovk` is lot lfbfsskry eut it lffas to ef b`fklfa od `oosf d`kmilc pkilt or borrosiol ef suddibiflt to k``ow sjooth proef trkvf`. Olbf b`fkl, thf krfk just ef jkrmfa up usilc b`obm or jkrmfr positiols, kpp`ifa with k pkilt stibm. Tisuk` ilspfbtiol shou`a iafltidy kly visuk` irrfcu`krity `imf`y to kddfbt proef jovfjflt or thf KBDJ siclk` proaubfa= thfsf shou`a k`` ef rfportfa prior to thf KBDJ ilspfbtiol bojjflbilc. Qhf do``owilc is k `ist od sojf od thf rfportke`f itfjs> sfkj wf`as, fxbfssivf crilailc, spkttfr, ftb, k`so kly proef or aivfr kbbfss proe`fjs.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Wroef Opfrktor Erifdilc Ufquirfjflts Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

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Wroefs Qhf proef opfrktor shou`a ef ildorjfa keout thf do``owilc poilts rfckrailc thf proef.  

Rfrik` lujefr kla typf is jkrmfa ol thf proef. proef f hks two `fkailc facfs, jk jkrmfa rmfa K kla B kla thf airfbtiol od   Qhf proe sbkllilc just ef quotfa prior to thf sbkl efilc kttfjptfa, it wi`` ef quotfa ks jovilc il fithfr kl K or k B airfbtiol.   Sith thf jknority od proefs th thf f drolt hks k wfkr p`ktf with k `ilf sbriefa k`olc its bfltrf, mlowl ks thf ilafx `ilf, thf rfdfrflbf poilt dor b`obm kla jkrmfr positiols ks wf`` ks efilc usfa aurilc sizilc probfaurfs.   Qhf stkla stklakra kra wf`a proef hks two dfft kt thf ekbm= othfr proefs ao lot hkvf this dfkturf so thf proef opfrktor just mlow how to jklipu`ktf thf proefs. proef roef   Qhf proef opfrktor shou`a mlow keout thf vkrious typfs od p kvki`ke`f kla thf rfksols dor thfir usf subh ks kbbfss kla spfbik` situktiols `imf krfks od rfjfaik` crilailc (pflbi`) kla lfkr p`ktf facfs or flas od stiddflfr p`ktfs, ftb (facf fddfbt). Wroef usf Qhf proef opfrktor shou`a mlow how to ho`a fkbh typf od proef kla thf jfthoa od sbkllilc if to sbkl k wf`a tof `oomilc dor ilaibktiols pkrk``f` to thf tof, thfy krf sbkllfa k`olc kla pkrk``f` to thf tof.

Rtklakra wf`a proef

Dicurf ;7.; Rtklakra wf`a proef hf`a kckilst thf tof od k wf`a.

Shfl sbkllilc, thf proef opfrktor shou`a kvoia kly robmilc, ykwilc, or `idtilc odd od thf proef. Riji`kr`y kly afviktiols droj thf wf`a tof, fithfr kwky droj thf tof or riailc up olto thf wf`abkp, shou`a ef rfportfa. Dor thf wf`abkp sbkl, thf proef opfrktor shou`a ef kwkrf thkt thf proef is hf`a il k siji`kr wky to thkt jfltiolfa fxbfpt thkt thf drolt od thf proef wi`` ef jovfa k`olc thf bfltrf od thf wf`abkp kla lot thf tof od thf wf`a, eut thf jovfjflt is sti`` pkrk``f` to thf tof. Id usilc thf stklakra proef, thf ekbm od thf proef wi`` proeke`y sti`` ef sittilc ol thf pkrflt jftk`. Qhf wf`abkp bkl ef sbkllfa droj fithfr siaf (erkbf or bhora) eut lorjk``y thf proef sits efttfr ol olf rkthfr thkl thf othfr.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Wroef Opfrktor Erifdilc Ufquirfjflts Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Qhf pflbi`, jili or jibro proef is hf`a with thf `olcfr dkbf pkrk``f` to thf wf`a tof il k siji`kr wky to othfr proefs, kla sbkllfa pkrk``f` to thf tof. Shfl sbkllilc k`olc thf bfltrf od thf wf`abkp thf proef is hf`a pfrpflaibu`kr to thf wf`abkp. Dor thf othfr tofs kanust thf klc`f so thkt thf klc`f rouch`y eisfbts thf klc`f eftwffl thf pkrflt jftk` kla thf klc`f usfa dor thf wf`abkp, sff ef`ow. It is fksifr dor thf topsiaf opfrktor id thf proef is sbkllfa il k bolsistflt airfbtiol.

Wflbi` proef sbkllilc horizoltk` tof

Wflbi` proef sbkllilc wf`a bkp

Wflbi` proef sbkllilc vfrtibk` tof Dicurf ;7.5  Afp`oyjflt  Afp`oyjflt od pflbi`, jili or jibro proef.

Shfl ho`ailc thf proef `icht prfssurf ol`y shou`a ef kpp`ifa, hfkvy hklafa proeilc rfsu`ts il ullfbfsskry proef wfkr (ilitik``y thf drolt erkss p`ktf kla thfl thf proef eoay kla sflsors). It k`so rfsu`ts il k nfrmy sbkl, sbkllilc spffa shou`a iafk``y ef sjooth kla kt kl fvfl bolstklt spffa (up to keout 67jj pfr sfbola).

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Wroef Opfrktor Erifdilc Ufquirfjflts Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

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Wroef opfrktor erifdilc shfft ; 5 2 1 6

Cflfrk` iltroaubtiol (lkjfs/ovfrvifw od thf systfj). Rkdfty kwkrflfss. [uk`idibktiol (jilijuj 2.;V or JWI @fvf` ; or visuk visuk`` `fvf` ;). Rhowl proef sf`fbtiol kla rfksols dor usf. Rhowl proef bollfbtiols.

4 Rhowl proef iafltidibktiol jkrmilcs (s (sfrik` frik` lujefr, ilafx `ilf K/B airfbtiol). 3 Ilstrubtfa il jf jfthoa thoa o odd opfrk opfrktiol tiol `fka `fkailc ilc f facf acf K/B airfb airfbtiol, tiol, ftb. 8 Rhowl how to ho`a thf proefs. 9 Wroef dit dor kbbfss. ;7 B`fklilc rfquirfjfl rfquirfjflts. ts. ;; Tisuk` fxkjilktiol> Jkaf kwkrf od kly visuk` afdfbts thkt jicht ild`uflbf thf sbkl> k) Facfs k kla la kttkbhjf kttkbhjflts lts lfkrey to thf s sbkl. bkl. e) Sf`a dfktu dfkturfs rfs (rfstkrts, sfkj wf wf`as, `as, crilas).  Kttkbhjflts kla bojp`fx bojp`fx cfojftrifs. ; Jkrmilc up od bojpolflts kla aktuj positiol. 5 Rbkllilc tfbhliqufs> k) e) b) a) f) d)

Aik`ocuf ef eftwffl twffl thf p proef roef kla thf topsiaf opfrk opfrktors. tors. Rbkl stkrt probfaurf. Wositiol ol thf wf`a. Opfrktiols bhfbm. Rbkl sp spffa ffa (67jj/sf (67jj/sfb b or kanust to suit). Ovfr`kppilc sbkls.

2 Ilstrubtfa ol how to sizf dor `flcth> k) Rizilc sbkls lffafa. e) Jkrmilc up afdfbts. b) Dilk` sbkls kla jfksurfjflts. a) Ufportilc. 1 Flbourkcf quf qufstiols stiols kt thf fla to f flsurf lsurf hf ulafrstkl ulafrstklas as whkt is rfquirfa od hij.

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Rfbtiol ;; Dulbtiol Bhfbm

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Dulbtiol Bhfbm Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

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Dulbtiol Bhfbm

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Dulbtiol tfst e`obm Qhf tfst e`obm supp`ifa ey QRB shou`a ilb`uaf k 67jj `olc ey 6jj affp s`ot ol olf siaf od k wf`a= kt `fkst ;77jj droj thf t hf facf od thf e`obm. W`kstib tfst e`obm Rhou`a ol`y ef usfa dor bhfbmilc thf dulbtiolk`ity od thf fquipjflt kla lot usfa dor sizilc kssfssjflt. Rtklakra proef sfttilcs  K`` QRB proef di`fs krf sft up ol thf 67jj `olc x 6jj affp s`ot. Qhf 57jj `olc x 5jj affp s`ot is dor jibro proefs ol`y. Qhf ckil is bhosfl to civf k suitke`f sizf siclk` kla thf dilk` kanustjflt is jkaf with thf aisp`ky sbk`ilcs, kanustfa to civf k euttfrd`y p`ot siclk`, whibh fxtflas dor 67% od thf sbrffl il thf Ex sbk`f (vfrtibk`) kla ;36% od thf sbrffl il thf Ez sbk`f (horizoltk`). K`so bhfbm thkt thf ekbmcroula Ex dk``s eftwffl 377-;677 rklcf. Qhis kppfkrs ol thf sbrffl ks ef`ow>

Dicurf ;;.; Aisp`ky droj stklakra proef sbkllfa ovfr thf dulbtiol tfst e`obm

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Rfbtiol ;5 Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

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Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf ; Fquipjflt du dulbtiol lbtiol bhfbm shou`a ef bkrrifa out ol thf s`ottfa dulbtiol tfst e`obm ovfr thf 67 x 6jj s`ot. 5 K`` proefs to ef usfa sho shou`a u`a ef tfstfa kt thf efcillilc od fkbh shidt kla skvfa il k afaibktfa di`f dor thkt aky. 2 Qhf siclk siclk`` droj k 67 x 6jj s`ot shou`a ef 67% Ex (sbrffl hficht) kla ;36% Ez (sbrffl wiath) ‒ 57 x 5 jj s`ot dor jibro proef. 1 Bkrry out thf proef opfrktor erifdilc. 6 Afp`oy thf fquipjflt to thf sitf flsurilc> k) Sktfrticht iiltfcrity ltfcrity (dor suesfk usf). e) K`` klb klbi``kry i``kry fqu fquipjflt ipjflt is proviafa. b) K`` proefs sfburfa. a) Uiccilc is suddibiflt to flsurf thf ulit c cfts fts skdf`y to thf sitf. 4 Iafltidy thf bojpolflt. 3 Rft up airfbtorifs kla di`flk di`flkjfs jfs ks kppropriktf, ([DJ 2 sodtwkrf o ol`y). l`y). k) Noe boaf/opfrktors’ lkjf. e) Bojpolflt lkjilc bolvfltiol. 8 Flsurf thf borrfb borrfbtt `fvf` od b`fklilc hks effl bk bkrrifa rrifa out ks do``ows do``ows>> k) K`` jkrilf crowth rfjovf rfjovfa a (suesfk ol`y). e) @oosf sbk`f rfjovfa. b) @oosf pkilt ftb rfjovfa. 9 Flsurf suddibiflt kbbfss dor thf proef. ;7 Flsurf k`` croula krfks hkvf effl `obktfa. ;; Krf thfrf kly kttkbhjflts b`osf to thf sbkl? ;5 Si`` thf sbkl flboultfr kly flas od p`ktfs or bojpolflts? ;2 Shkt is thf cfojftry od thf bojpol bojpolflt? flt? ;1 Afjkclftisf id rfqu rfquirfa. irfa. ;6 Qhf proef opfrktor visuk``y ilspfbts thf wf`a `oomilc dor vkriktiols il wf`a prodi`f kla ulafrbut, ftb. ;4 Qhf proef opfrktor jkrms up thf bojpolflt ks kppropriktf (tueu`krs jky ef jkrmfa usilc b`obm positiols or ;77jj jkrms, sjk`` p`ktfs 0177jj `olc shou`a ef jkrmfa il 67jj ilbrfjflts eut `olcfr p`ktfs wou`a ef jkrmfa il ;77jj ilbrfjflts). Wroef opfrktor boldirjs sfrik` lujefr od proef.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

;3 Rft up aktkshfft kla tit`f pkcf (Btr`+V) ks rfq rfquirfa. uirfa. ;8 Bkrry out Opfrktiols bhfbm (Op (Ops s bhfbm). k) Wroef 67jj droj tof od thf wf`a. b) Wroef hf`a kt thf s skjf kjf klc`f rf`ktivf to thf wf`a ks wi`` ef lffafa aurilc thf tof sbkl. a) Shfl rfkay thf proef opfrktor jov jovfs fs thf proef s`ow`y ilto thf wf wf`a `a tof. Qhf opfrktiols bhfbm k``ows bfltrilc od thf p`ot kla bhfbms 247· brkbmilc.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Qhf opfrktiols bhfbm

Dicurf ;5.; Opfrktiols bhfbm to k``ow bfltrilc od p`ots.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

; Rbkllilc dor aftfbtiol. k) Rft b`obm positiols (Rftup J Jflu flu - Jkrmfrs) Dicurf ;5.5 shows shows thf b`obm positiol aik`ocuf eox. Rft thf totk` lujefr od positiol jkrmfrs, thfl tke to thf Rtkrt poilt eox kla fltfr thf dirst positiol thkt thf proef opfrktor hks to`a you hf wi`` pkss, thfl tke to thf Fla poilt kla fltfr thf `kst positiol hf is `imf`y to cft to (it is k cooa iafk to sft thf fla poilt sojf aistklbf durthfr thkl thf proef opfrktor skys hf bkl rfkbh nust il bksf). Lotf physibk` airfbtiol od sbkl (ildorjktiol bojfs droj thf proef opfrktor rfckrailc airfbtiol kla aistklbf to ef bovfrfa) kla tke to Ilbrfjfltilc eox kla tibm ilbrfjfltilc (this wi`` afpfla ol whfthfr thf proef opfrktor is coilc to pkss thf positiols boultilc upwkras or aowlwkras, eox tibmfa boult upwkras, ; 5 2 1… eox ul-tibmfa boult aowlwkras 6 1 2 5 ….) prfss Fltfr to dilish.

Dicurf ;5.5  B`obm  B`obm positiols sfttilc aik`ocuf eox.

e) Flsurf proef opfrktor is rfkay, positiolfa 67jj efdorf thf dirst positiol to ef bovfrfa, proef opfrktor boldirjs proef airfbtiol K or B. b) Wrfss U. a) Qf`` proef opfrktor to stkrt sbkllilc whfl trkbfs kppfkr ol thf sbrffl, proef opfrktor bk``s out positiols jkrmfa ol thf tfstpifbf ks

f)

d) c) h)

thfy pkss thf ilafx `ilf od thf proef, fkbh tijf thf KBDJ opfrktor prfssfs thf spkbf ekr olbf to p`kbf thf `ilfs olto thf aisp`ky. Shfl kt thf fla od thf proef opfrktor’s sbkl thf KBDJ opfrktor prfssfs R to fla od thf sbkl, or id thf trkbfs rfkbh thf fla od thf sbrffl thf KBDJ opfrktor wi`` stop thf sbkl. Qhf KBDJ opfrktor tf``s thf proef opfrktor to rf`kx, thf proef opfrktor shou`a lot pu`` thf proef kwky ulti` hf is to`a to rf`kx, rfaubilc thf bhklbfs od `idt odd kt thf fla od thf sbkl. Kssfss thf trkbfs `oomilc dor aowlwkra euttfrd`y. Di`` il lotfs kbborailc`y. K`wkys flsurf suddibiflt ovfr`kp (kt `fkst olf positiol or 67jj just ef ovfr`kppfa fkbh tijf) to kvoia jissilc kly pkrt od thf wf`a or sbkllilc krfk.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

5 Boltiluf kroul kroula a thf wf`a ulti` k`` od thf krfk is bov bovfrfa. frfa. Qhf k keovf eovf probfaurf wou`a ef rfpfktfa dor thf othfr tof kla ks jkly wf`a bkp sbkls ks rfquirfa to kbhifvf bojp`ftf bovfrkcf. (Lotf Opfrktiols bhfbms krf lot bkrrifa out prior to wf`a bkp sbkls.) 2 Rbkl sizilc thf `flcth od afdfbts `obktfa> k) Wositiol proef o opfrktor pfrktor olf b`obm positiol positiol efdorf thf afdfb afdfbtt kla sbkl throuch to olf positiol efyola thf afdfbt ilaibktiol, this boldirjs thf prfsflbf od thf ilaibktiol. e) Ufpositiol p proef roef opf opfrktor rktor ks keovf. b) Rbkl s`ow`y ilto thf afdfbt. a) Qhf proef opfrktor jov jovfs fs thf proef to kla dro ulti` thf Ez pfkm ol thf sbrffl is kt its jkxijuj or jilijuj. f) Qf`` thf proef o opfrktor pfrktor to jkrm k`o k`olcsiaf lcsiaf thf ilafx `ilf od thf proef usilc thf jkclftib krrow. d) Ufpfkt thf keovf o opfrktiol pfrktiol kt thf othfr fla od thf afdfbt ilaibktiol c) Qhf proef opfrktor jfksurfs thf aistklbf eftwffl thf jkclftib krrows. h) Bkrry out k dilk` sbkl throuch thf afdfbt droj olf b`obm positiol efdorf with thf proef opfrktor bk``ilc thf b`obm positiols (whfl k b`obm positiol is pkssfa, prfss spkbf ekr kla this wi`` put thf olto thf aisp`ky) kla thf jkrmilc krrows (prfss fltfr, putspositiol purp`f `ilfs olto thf aisp`ky), flsurf purp`f ilaibktor `ilfs proaubfa krf il thf borrfbt positiol (buttilc thf Ez pfkms kt thfir hichfst or `owfst poilt. Id lot rfpfkt thf positiolilc sbkls). i) Shfl sktisdifa h hkvf kvf thf proef opfrktor bh bhfbm fbm th thf f jfks jfksurfa urfa a aistklbf istklbf eftwffl thf krrows kla lotf this ol thf rfport dorj.  n) Bkrry out sizilc probfaurf throuch thf sodtwkrf (aftki`fa il thf bhkptfr Rizilc od Afdfbts). 1 Olbf thf who`f od thf wf`a is bojp`ftf, fxit sodtwkrf. K`` aktk di`fs wi`` ef kutojktibk``y skvfa. Bopy aktk di`fs to jfaik aisb vik Silaows Fxp`orfr id rfquirfa. 6 k) Ufbovfr kla bkrry out do``owilc> Skshfquipjflt with drfshwktfr (sues (suesfk fk thf ilspfb ilspfbtiol tiol ol`y). e) Bkrry out kly jkiltflklbf. b) Rtorf skdf`y. a) Ufbhkrcf ek ekttfrifs ttfrifs (1hrs kpp kpprox rox dor `ithiuj iol ekttfry pk pkbm). bm).

;5.;

Rfttilc sbkl spffa, bojjs rktf or skjp`f rktf Rojftijfs thf trkbfs jky ef jovilc kbross thf sbrffl too dkst or too s`ow`y, this bkl ef k`tfrfa ey bhklcilc thf Rbkl Uktf ey b`ibmilc ol thf Rftup euttol Rbkl Uktf

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

   K``ows you to kanust thf rktf kt whibh aktk is bo``fbtfa kla, kla, hflbf thf spffa kt whibh thf trkbfs kppfkr ol thf sbrffl. Qhf do``owilc pklf` is showl.

Dicurf ;5.2 Rbkl spffa aik`ocuf eox. ;

Shkt thf sbkl rktf lujefr kbtuk``y rfprfsflts is thf kjoult od tijf (il /;77  od k sfbola) eftwffl subbfssivf aktk poilts. Jovf thf s`iafr towkras thf top to ilbrfksf thf sbkl rktf or jovf it towkras thf eottoj to afbrfksf. Qhf kbtuk` sbkl rktf is showl il thf eox. ^fro is thf dkstfst kla ;777 thf s`owfst sbkl rktf. Lotf thkt thf sbkl rktf aofs lot kddfbt thf bo``fbtiol od aktk whfl k proef with kl flboafr is usfa kla thf Rftup sodtwkrf pklf` is il thf aistklbf eksfa joaf. Qhf flboafr boltro`s thf rfso`utiol od aktk bo``fbtfa.  KRRIRQ sodtwkrf sfts thf sbkl spffa kt k afdku`t sfttilc od 7.72sfb. Qhf sbkl iltfrvk` is thf tijf eftwffl bolsfbutivf rfkas od thf proef aktk kla fddfbtivf`y boltro`s thf rktf kt whibh thf rfkailcs krf pkssfa droj thf ilstrujflt to thf WB. Qhis bhklcfs thf spffa kt whibh thf trkbfs bross thf aisp`ky sbrffl aurilc sbkllilc. K sbkl iltfrvk` od 7 wi`` proaubf thf dkstfst aktk bo``fbtiol rktf kla k sbkl spffa od ;7sfbs wi`` proaubf thf `owfst.

Dicurf ;5.1 Rbkl rktf sft to ;, fvfry possie`f skjp`f is tkmfl. Qhf `ilfs `oom iafltibk`.

;5-4

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Cflfrk` Rbkllilc Wrobfaurf Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

Dicurf ;5.6  Fddfbt  Fddfbt od bhklcilc thf bojjs or skjp`f rktf to ;7= this jfkls thkt thf jkbhilf ol`y tkmfs olf skjp`f il fvfry ;7 possie`f.

Qhf skjp`fs (showl ey thf krrows) efilc `fss drfquflt wi`` jkmf thf trkbf jorf nkccfa, eut thf othfr fddfbt is thkt thf aisp`ky sbrffl bkl bkrry thf skjf lujefr od skjp`fs kla ks thfsf krf durthfr kpkrt il tfrjs od tijf thf rktf kt whibh thf trkbfs trkvf` kbross thf sbrffl wi`` rfaubf, jkmilc thf ildorjktiol eulbh up, so thf trkbf keovf jky kbtuk``y kppfkr ks il Dicurf ;5.4>

Dicurf ;5.4  Rbkl  Rbkl rktf sft to ; skjp`f il fvfry ;7.

;5-3

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Rfbtiol ;2 Afdfbt Rizilc

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Afdfbt Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

;2

Afdfbt Rizilc Qhfrf wi`` ef k lffa dor spfbidib sbkls aurilc sizilc od afdfbts kla thf do``owilc is thf aftki`fa probfaurf to ef bkrrifa out whfl sizilc ilaibktiols dor eoth `flcth kla afpth. Shfl sizilc afdfbts usilc KBDJ, thf sizilc procrkj kssujfs thf brkbm to ef sfji-f``iptibk`. @ilf boltkbts shou`a ef trfktfa ks k silc`f brkbm dor thf purposfs od sizilc. Wroef/brkbm klc`f jky kddfbt siclk`s eut thf klc`f od thf brkbm to sbkllfa surdkbf hks lo fddfbt, thf brkbm is sizfa k`olc its dkbf so thf afpth quotfa wi`` lot ef thf throuch thibmlfss jfksurfjflt.

;2.;

Rizilc dor `flcth ; Dila thf b brkbm rkbm ey l lorjk` orjk` jf jfthoas thoas ks aftki`fa keovf. 5 Hkvf thf proef opfrk opfrktor tor positiol thf proef olf b`ob b`obm m positiol prior to th thf f afdfbt ilaibktiol. 2 Wrfss U whfl trkbf trkbfs s kppfkr tf`` proef opfrktor to stkrt sbkllilc ilto kla throuch thf afdfbt to boldirj its prfsflbf. 1 Hkvf thf proef opfrktor po positiol sitiol 67jj prior to thf afdfbt kla sbkl s`ow`y ilto thf afdfbt droj olf fla kla wktbh thf euttfrd`y. 6 Shfl thf euttfrd`y rfkbhf rfkbhfs s its jkxijuj siaf siafwkys wkys afd`f afd`fbtiol btiol tf`` proef opfrktor to jkrm thf ilafx `ilf with thf jkclftib jkrmfr. Qhis jky ilvo`vf sojf ekbm kla dorth jovfjflt ey thf proef opfrktor.

Brkbm fla

Dicurf ;2.; Dilailc brkbm fla (jil Ez).

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;2-;

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Afdfbt Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

Brkbm fla

Dicurf ;2.5  Ez  Ez Jkxijuj (brkbm fla).

4 Wositiol thf proef opfrktor so thf proef is 67jj ef efdorf dorf thf b`obm positiol prior to thf afdfbt. 3 Wrfss U kla wh whfl fl trkbfs kppfkr ildorj proef o opfrktor pfrktor to stkrt sbk sbkllilc llilc s`ow`y throuch thf od afdfbt bk``ilc out b`obm positiols kla krrows ks thfy pkss thf ilafx `ilf thf proef. 8 Ks thf proef opfrktor bk``s k b`obm positiol positiol,, hit thf spkbf ek ekrr (to put thf b`obm positiols ol thf aisp`ky). Shfl hf bk``s kl krrow hit thf fltfr mfy (this wi`` p`kbf k purp`f `ilf ol thf sbrffl). 9 Olbf thf proef is pkst thf a afdfbt fdfbt kla olf fxtrk b`obm positiol stop thf sbkl kla kssfss thf sbrffl to flsurf thf pfkms od thf Ez krf fxkbt`y ol thf purp`f `ilfs.

Dicurf ;2.2 Dilk` sbkl throuch afdfbt showilc flas borrfbt`y jkrmfa.

;2-5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Afdfbt Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

;7 Id lot thfl rfpfkt thf probfaurf ulti` thfy krf. ;; Shfl sktisdifa hkvf thf proef opfrktor jfksurf thf aistklbf eftwffl thf krrows kla rfbora this jfksurfjflt dor ilput ilto thf sizilc procrkj. Rizf k afdfbt Qhrff jfksurfjflts krf rfquirfa droj thf aktk dor thf KBDJ sodtwkrf to jkluk``y sizf k afdfbt>  

Aistklbf eftwffl thf Ez pfkm kla trouch.   Jilijuj poilt od thf borrfspolailc Ex trouch.   Ekbmcroula Ex `fvf`. Qo sizf k afdfbt usilc thf sodtwkrf k`corithjs> Vsf thf bfltrf dulbtiols to p`kbf thf ilaibktiol b`fkr`y ol thf sbrffl. Iafltidy thf Ez pfkm kla trouch rfciol ol thf sbrffl thfl, ey `fdt b`ibmilc kla arkccilc thf jousf, jkrm ol thf Ez p`ot thf krfk il whibh thf pfkm kla trouch `if. Qwo vfrtibk` `ilfs krf arkwl whibh jkrm thf krfk eoulakrifs. It is usuk``y rfbojjflafa thkt thf `ilfs `if nust fithfr siaf od thf pfkm kla trouch, sff ef`ow. Qhis bkl ef rfpfktfa id you kbbiafltk``y jkrm thf wrolc krfk. Borrfbt Ez sf`fbtiol Ufpfkt il thf Ex trkbf eox to jkrm thf eottoj od thf Ex trouch kla thf ekbmcroula `fvf`. Lotf thkt whi`f thf `ilf bkl ef jkrmfa eflfkth thf eottoj od thf trouch thf ekbmcroula `ilf just ef positiolfa kbburktf`y. Aurilc thf sizilc opfrktiol thf procrkj wi`` sfkrbh ilwkras dor thf jkxijuj kla jilijuj Ez poilts withil thf sf`fbtfa rfciol kla upwkras to dila thf jilijuj Ex poilt keovf thf `owfr `ilf you sf`fbtfa il thf Ex p`ot wilaow. Qhf ekbmcroula is tkmfl ks ilaibktfa ol thf t hf p`ot. Borrfbt Ex sf`fbtiol Qhf sf`fbtiols rfquirfa bkl ef jkaf usilc thf richt b`ibm jfthoa eut lotf thkt thf sodtwkrf wi`` tkmf thfsf poilts prfbisf`y kla wi`` lot sfkrbh dor jkxijuj kla jilijuj vk`ufs. Qhis jfthoa is vfry usfdu` whfl sizilc odd kxis or sjk``fr afdfbts b`osf to `krcfr afdfbts (whfl thf sodtwkrf jky pibm thf uliltflafa `krcfr pfkm kla trouchs). Wrfss thf Klk`ysf euttol kla bhoosf Rizf Afdfbt. Id kl flboafr wks usfa to bo``fbt thf aktk, thf aistklbf eftwffl thf Ez pfkm kla trouch is bk`bu`ktfa kutojktibk``y kla k jfsskcf is aisp`kyfa showilc thf bk`bu`ktfa afdfbt `flcth kla afpth. Il KRRIRQklt, or with k proef without kl flboafr, this aistklbf just ef fltfrfa jkluk``y. You hkvf thf optiol to mffp thf sizilc ey prfssilc thf Yfs euttol, whibh wi`` storf thf afdfbt il thf pkcf's afdfbt `ist. Fxkjilf thf Ez trkbf kckil. You wi`` lotibf thkt k crfy ekla is arkwl eftwffl thf pfkm kla trouch positiols ilaibktilc thf afdfbt `obktiol. Id thf

;2-2

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Afdfbt Rizilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

ekla aofs lot boilbiaf with thf rfquirfa pfkm kla trouch, rfpfkt thf sizilc. Id it dki`s rfpfktfa`y, try rfjovilc thf iltf``icflt pfkm sfkrbhilc ey sf`fbtilc Jkluk` Wibm droj thf Rftup ‒ sodtwkrf pklf`. Qhf procrkj wi`` thfl tkmf fxkbt`y thf poilts thkt you sf`fbt.

Dicurf ;2.1 Borrfbt Ex kla Ez sf`fbtiol dor afpth sizilc.

;2-1

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Rfbtiol ;1 Ufportilc kla Wriltilc

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Ufportilc kla Wriltilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

;1

Ufportilc kla Wriltilc

;1.;

Ufport shffts Ufport shffts jky ef thf rfspolsiei`ity od thf fjp`oyfr or b`iflt, bojf il jkly shkpfs kla sizfs. K`wkys flsurf thkt thf rfport shffts krf bojp`ftf`y di``fa il. Il KRRIRQ sodtwkrf thf rfport shffts krf cflfrktfa kutojktibk``y so it is ijportklt thkt k`` thf aik`ocuf eoxfs krf bojp`ftfa kla thkt thf lotfs hkvf effl fltfrfa up borrfbt`y efdorf priltilc thf rfport.

;1.5

Wriltilc aktk Qhfrf krf vkrious wkys od oetkililc hkra bopy prilt out od thf sbkls. Wrilt Rbrffl bojjkla (lorjk``y showl ks WrtRb), `okas thf kvki`ke`f sbrffl ilto thf b`ipeokra, droj thfrf it jky ef trklsdfrrfa to Sora or othfr Silaows aobujflts or to k arkwilc procrkj. Lotf this jfthoa rfquirfs `krcf jfjory kvki`kei`ity. Ildo

Wrfss Ildo euttol to kbbfss prilt ibol.

Dicurf ;1.; Ildorjktiol ;1.; Ildorjktiol pklf`.

Wrilt

 K``ows you to prilt out kly pkcf od od aktk droj k aktk di`f.

;1-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Ufportilc kla Wriltilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

You bkl vifw aiddfrflt pkcfs il thf di`f ey prfssilc thf `fdt/richt krrow euttols or bhklcf thf sizf od thf pkcf ol thf sbrffl usilc thf jkclidifr euttol. Wrfss pkcf sftup to boldicurf your priltfr or pkpfr typf thfl prilt thf rfport usilc thf Wrilt euttol.

;1.2

Fxkjp`f od prilt dorjkt

Dicurf ;1.5  Fxkjp`f  Fxkjp`f od prilt dorjkt.

;1-5

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Rfbtiol ;6 Qroue`fshootilc

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Qroue`fshootilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

;6

Qroue`fshootilc

;6.;

Lo bojjulibktiols with thf ilstrujflt Id thfrf krf bojjulibktiol proe`fjs eftwffl thf ilstrujflt kla thf WB k wkrlilc jfsskcf wi`` ef proaubfa whfl thf WB trifs to sfla jfsskcfs to thf ilstrujflt.  

Bhfbm thkt thf bojjs `f `fka ka eftwff eftwffl l thf ilstrujflt k kla la WB is borrfbt`y kttkbhfa.   Bhfbm thkt thf ilstrujflt is switbhfa ol.   B`osf thf Ilspfbtiol sodtwkrf thfl stkrt thf sodtwkrf kckil. wish h to flke`f bo bojjs. jjs. Rf`fbt Yfs.   Ol stkrt up you wi`` ef ksmfa id you wis Id thf proe`fj is sti`` prfsflt>  

Rwitbh odd eoth WB kla ilstrujflt.   Rwitbh ol ilstrujflt. Skit ;7 sfbolas.   Rwitbh ol WB kla stkrt thf KBDJ sodtwkrf.   Ol stkrt up you wi`` ef ksmfa id you wis wish h to flke`f bo bojjs. jjs. Rf`fbt Yfs. Id thf proe`fj is sti`` prfsflt>  

Ufbhkrcf thf ilstrujflt ekttfry.   Qurl ol fvfrythilc e eut ut ilstfka od rullilc thf KBDJ procrkj, rul thf Silaows tfrjilk` or Hypfrtfrjilk` procrkj.   Bhfbm thkt thf bojjulibktiols sfttilcs krf ks do``ows> Ekua rktf Aktk eits Rtop eits Wkrity D`ow boltro` Bollfbtor

;9577 8 ; Lolf Hkrawkrf Boj;

 

Qypf Q0FLQFU< whibh shou`a civf k s stktus tktus rfp rfport ort droj thf il ilstrujflt. strujflt.   Id boj bojjulibktiols julibktiols krf sti`` lot opfrktiolk`, boltkbt QRB dor ka kavibf. vibf. Frrktib bojjulibktiols with thf ilstrujflt Bhfbm thkt thf DIDO euddfrilc sfttilcs krf borrfbt`y sft ol thf WB. Qo ao this, jkmf surf thkt k`` procrkjs ilb`uailc [DJ krf b`osfa aowl, thfl> WB rullilc SILAOSR 96, 98, JF   Droj thf Sil Silaows aows Rtkrt jf jflu lu s sf`fbt f`fbt Rfttilcs thfl Boltro` Wklf`.   Aoue`f b`ibm ol thf Rystfj ibol k kla la sf`fb sf`fbtt thf Afvibf Jk Jklkcfr lkcfr tke droj Rystfj propfrtifs.   Flsurf Tifw afvibfs ey typf is sf sf`fbtfa `fbtfa kla aoue`f b`ibm Worts to  

fxpkla thf erklbh. Rf`fbt Bojjulibktiols Wort (B (BOJ;) OJ;) kla b`ibm thf Wropfrtifs euttol.

;6-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Qroue`fshootilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

Bhoosf thf Wo Wort rt Rfttilcs tke k kla la b b`ibm `ibm thf Kavklbfa euttol.   Flsurf thf eox `kef``f `kef``fa a Vsf DIDO euddfrs is tibmfa kla sft thf Ufbfivf Euddfr to Hich (;1) kla thf Qrklsjit Euddfr to @ow (;).

 

Wrfss OM rfpfktfa`y ol thf pklf`s ulti` you c cft ft ekbm to thf Boltro` Wklf` wilaow. B`osf thf wilaow.

WB Uullilc Silaows 5777   Droj thf Silaows Rtkrt jflu sf`fbt Rfttilcs thfl Boltro` Wklf`.   Aoue`f b`ibm ol thf Rystfj ibol. 

  B`ibm ol thf euttol. Fxpkla thf Afvibf Worts Jklkcfr erklbh kla aoue aoue`f `f b`ibm ol Bojjulibktiol W Wort ort (BOJ;).   Rf`fbt Bojjulibktiols Wort (BOJ;) kla b`ibm thf Wropfrtifs euttol. Wort ort Rfttilcs tke kl kla a b`ib b`ibm m thf Kavklbfa euttol.   Bhoosf thf W   Flsurf thf eox `kef``fa Vsf DIDO euddfrs is tibmfa kla sft thf Ufbfivf Euddfr to Hich (;1) kla thf Qrklsjit Euddfr to @ow (;). cft ft ekbm to thf Boltro`   Wrfss OM rfpfktfa`y ol thf pklf`s ulti` you c Wklf` wilaow. B`osf thf wilaow.  

;6-5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Qroue`fshootilc Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

;6.5

Tfry loisy aktk Joei`f pholfs bkl iltfrdfrf with thf KBDJ siclk`s whfl thfy krf b`osf to k proef kla thf rfsu`tklt aktk is fxtrfjf`y loisy, usuk``y with eursts od hich kjp`ituaf spimfs. It isKBDJ rfbojjflafa thkt joei`f pholfs krf turlfa odd il b`osf proxijity to thf fquipjflt. Wroef lot rfboclisfa Id you cft k jfsskcf stktilc thkt thfrf is lot k proef di`f dor k pkrtibu`kr proef, thf jost `imf`y bkusf is thkt k lfw proef di`f hks lot effl borrfbt`y ilstk``fa. Flsurf thkt thf proef di`f hks effl ilstk``fa ol thf WB. Vsilc Fxp`orfr opfl thf do`afr B>PWrocrkj Di`fsPKssist KBDJPJkilstorfPWroefs kla bhfbm thkt k di`f 0Wroef sfrik` Lo. I;a77; Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

A : a : Birb :

467jj 251jj ;;27jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

B`obms

;

Lotfs Bhfbm

5

K

;-6

2

K

1-8

1

K

3-;5

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-;

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a775 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

A : a : Birb :

467jj 251jj ;;27jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf ; 5 2

Wroef air K K K

B`obms ;-6 1-8 3-;

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-5

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a772 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

A : a : Birb :

367jj 167jj ;616jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

Aktuj 6

5

K

1-9

2

K

8-;2

1

K

;5-;6-;

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-2

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a771 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

A : a : Birb :

677jj 167jj ;427jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

Aktuj-9

5

K

9-aktuj

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-1

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a776 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

A : a : Birb :

367jj 167jj ;477jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-1

5

K

1-8

2

K

8-;1

1

K

;2-5

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-6

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a774 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Rfbtiol od tueu`kr noilt, 67jj ilbrfjflts

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-;; eottoj tof

5

K

9-;5 eottoj tof

2

B

;-;7 top tof

1

B

9-;5 top tof

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-4

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a773 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf 5jj boktilc, 67jj ilbrfjflts

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-3

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-3

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a778 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf, 67jj ilbrfjflts

; : 277jj Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-4

5

K

;-4

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-8

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a779 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf, 67jj ilbrfjflts

; : 277jj Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

B

;-4 siaf K

5

K

;-4 siaf E

2

B

;-4 siaf B (ulafrsiaf)

1

K

;-4 siaf A (ulafrsiaf)

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-9

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a7;7 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Q eutt, 67jj ilbrfjflts

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

B

;-6

5

B

;-6

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-;7

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a7;; Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf, 67jj ilbrfjflts, 57jj wiath tof

; : 277jj Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-6 tof K

5

K

;-6 tof E

2

K

;-6 bkp

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-;;

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a7;5 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf 67jj ilbrfjflts, wf`a bkp croula odd

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-6

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-;5

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Aftfbtiol Di`f> I;a7;2 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf, wf`a bkp croula odd

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

;

K

1

K

Wositiol

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-;2

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s77; Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt

A a

: :

467jj 251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

;

Wositiol

Bojjflts

@flcth, jj

Bhfbm

3

K

5-2

8

K

5-2

17

9

K

8-9

26

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Civf brkbm sizfs.

;3-;1

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s775 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt

A a

: :

467jj 251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

K

Aktuj-6

Aftfbtiol sbkl

6

K

2-6

@flcth, jj 17

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt

5 Civf brkbm sizfs

;3-;6

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s772 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Rfbtiol od tueu`kr noilt

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

K

;-;; eottoj tof

Aftfbtiol sbkl

5

K

9-;5 eottoj tof

Aftfbtiol sbkl

2

B

;-;7 top tof

Aftfbtiol sbkl

1

B

9-;5 top tof

Aftfbtiol sbkl

3

B

1-9 top tof

8

B

1-9 top tof

@flcth, jj

;27

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Civf brkbm sizfs.

;3-;4

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s771 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

K

;-3

Aftfbtiol sbkl

5

K

;-2

2

K

1-4

@flcth, jj 26

Eoth jkrmfrs out skjf kjoult

;4

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Civf brkbm sizfs.

;3-;3

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s776 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

B

;-4

Aftfbtiol sbkl

5

B

;-4

Aftfbtiol sbkl

1

B

2-6

@flcth, jj

;4

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Civf brkbm sizfs.

;3-;8

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s774 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt

A a

: :

677jj 251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

K

;-6

Aftfbtiol sbkl

;;

K

;-1

@flcth, jj ;76

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Civf brkbm sizfs.

;3-;9

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s773 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt

A a

: :

677jj 251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

B

;-4

Aftfbtiol sbkl

;5

B

;-1

@flcth, jj ;57

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Civf brkbm sizfs.

;3-57

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s778 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

@flcth, jj

;

K

;-6

Aftfbtiol sbkl

;2

K

5-1

22

;1

K

2-6

58

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Civf brkbm sizfs. W;2 ekbmcroula tkmfl ks ;512 Frror Jfsskcf ol `flcth so ilbrfksf to ;2jj. Afpth : 3.6jj, `flcth : ;1jj. W;1 ekbmcroula : (;511+;;94)/5 : ;551 brkbm afpth : 1.5jj `flcth:25jj.

;3-5;

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s779 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

B

;-;7 tof K

Aftfbtiol sbkl

1

K

;-9 tof E

Aftfbtiol sbkl

4

K

;-2

@flcth, jj

62

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Civf brkbm sizfs.

;3-55

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` ; Rizilc Di`f> I;s7;7 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

B

;-;7 tof K

Aftfbtiol sbkl

5

K

;-9 tof E

Aftfbtiol sbkl

8

B

3-9 tof K

@flcth, jj

33

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Civf brkbm sizfs.

;3-52

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a77; Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

A

:

a Birb : :

467jj 251jj ;;27jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-4

5

K

6-9

2

K

8-;

1

K

5-1

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-51

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a775 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj iltfrvk`s

A

:

467jj

a

:

251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-6

5

K

1-8

2

K

3-;

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-56

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a772 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

A

:

677jj

a

:

167jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

Aktuj-6

2

K

2-3

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-54

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a771 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Rfbtiol od `krcf tueu`kr noilt, 67jj ilbrfjflts

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-;5

5

B

;7-;5 eottoj tof

2

B

;-;5 top tof

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-53

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a776 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

A

:

177jj

a

:

536jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

Aktuj-1 bhora siaf

5

K

2-9 bhora siaf

2

K

8-;

6

K

3-8, ;bj droj wf`a ol bhora

4

K

3-8, 5bj droj wf`a ol bhora

3

B

;-1 erkbf siaf

8

B

;-8 erkbf siaf

9

B

3-; erkbf siaf

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-58

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a774 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Aikcolk` tueu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

A

:

467jj

a : 251jj Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

B

Aktuj-6

5

B

1-9

2

B

8-;1

1

B

;2-aktuj

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-59

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a773 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

Riaf K

Riaf E

; : 277jj Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

B

;-4 siaf K tof

5

B

;-4 siaf E tof

2

B

4-; siaf E tof

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-27

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a778 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Q eutt, 477jj `olc, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-6 p`ktf tof K

5

B

;-6 p`ktf tof E

2

B

5-facf tof K

1

B

2-facf tof K

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-2;

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a779 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> W`ktf, 67jj ilbrfjflts

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

B

;-4 tof K

5

K

;-3 tof E

2

B

;-3 bkp

1

B

;-3 tof K

6

B

7-; tof K

4

B

;-3 tof K

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-25

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a7;7 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> W`ktf, 67jj ilbrfjflts

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

B

;-3

5

B

;-4

2

B

;-4

1

Lotfs

;-4

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-22

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a7;; Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> W`ktf, 67jj ilbrfjflts

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

;-8

5

3-;7

2

4-;;

1

;-8

6

3-;5

4

;-9

3

6-;5

8

;-9

9

8-;5

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-21

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a7;5 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Q eutt

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

Bhfbm

5

K

Qof sbkl @-U

1

B

Qof sbkl U-@

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-26

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a7;2 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

B

Bhfbm

1

B

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-24

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a7;1 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> W`ktf wf`a

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Lotfs

;

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-23

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a7;6 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf eutt wf`a, 67jj ilbrfjflts

; : 277jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-6 tof K

5

K

;-6 tof E

2

K

;-6 bkp

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-28

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a7;4 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf ; jftrf, ;77jj ilbrfjflts

Qof K

Qof E

; : ; jftrf

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

;

K

;-;7 tof K

1

B

;-9 tof E

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-29

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f> I5a7;8 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf croula wf`a

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

;

K

;7

K

5;

K

Wositiol

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-17

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f Rkjp`f ildorjktiol

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-1;

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Aftfbtiol Di`f Rkjp`f ildorjktiol

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Lotfs

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` s sbkls bkls effl borrfbt`y bkrrifa out? Bojjflt.

5 Ilaibktf brkbms aftfbtfa.

2 Ilaibktf siclk`s othfr thkl brkbms.

;3-15

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Rizilc Di`f> I5s77; Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt

A

:

467jj

a

:

251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

@flcth,jj

;

K

;-4

Aftfbtiol sbkl

5

K

6-9

Aftfbtiol sbkl

2

K

8-;

Aftfbtiol sbkl

1

K

5-1

Iclorf

6

K

8-9

28

4

K

8-9

67

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Bk`bu`ktf brkbm sizfs.

;3-12

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Rizilc Di`f> I5s775 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt

A

:

467jj

a

:

251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

K

Aktuj-6

Aftfbtiol sbkl

5

K

1-8

Aftfbtiol sbkl

2

K

3-;

Aftfbtiol sbkl

;2

K

;7-;

@flcth,jj

17,;2,56

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Bk`bu`ktf brkbm sizfs.

;3-11

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Rizilc Di`f> I5s772 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt

A

:

467jj

a

:

251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

@flcth,jj

;

K

Aktuj-6

Aftfbtiol sbkl

5

K

1-8

Aftfbtiol sbkl

2

K

3-;

Aftfbtiol sbkl

1

K

4-3

;6

8

K

;-5

17

;7 ;5

K K

Aktuj(;st e`uf)-; ;7-aktuj(2ra e`uf)

;2 56

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Bk`bu`ktf brkbm sizfs.

;3-16

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Rizilc Di`f> I5s771 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Rfbtiol od tueu`kr noilt

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

@flcth,jj

;

B

;-;5 tof K

Aftfbtiol sbkl

5

B

;7-;5 tof K

Aftfbtiol sbkl

2

K

;-;5 tof E

Aftfbtiol sbkl

1

K

1-6 tof E

57

6

K

4-3 tof E

57

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Bk`bu`ktf brkbm sizfs.

;3-14

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Rizilc Di`f> I5s776 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Klc`fa tueu`kr noilt

A a

: :

467jj 251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

B

Aktuj-6

Aftfbtiol sbkl

4

B

;6-aktuj-;

@flcth,jj 47

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Bk`bu`ktf brkbm sizfs.

;3-13

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Rizilc Di`f> I5s774 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Wil

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

;

B

Wositiol

Bojjflts

@flcth,jj

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Bk`bu`ktf brkbm sizfs.

;3-18

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Rizilc Di`f> I5s773 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt

A

:

677jj

a

:

251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts Bojjflts

;

K

;-6

Aftfbtiol sbkl

;7

K

;-1

@flcth,jj ;76

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Bk`bu`ktf brkbm sizfs.

;3-19

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Rizilc Di`f> I5s778 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> Queu`kr noilt, 67jj ilbrfjflts

A

:

677jj

a

:

251jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf ; 3

Wroef air B B

Wositiol ;-4 ;-1

Bojjflts

@flcth,jj ;47

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Bk`bu`ktf brkbm sizfs.

;3-67

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;; Boursf Fxfrbisfs Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

@fvf` 5 Rizilc Di`f> I5s779 Rkjp`f ildorjktiol> D`kt p`ktf

; : ;777jj

Rbkl aftki`s Wkcf

Wroef air

Wositiol

Bojjflts

;

K

;-9 tof K

Aftfbtiol sbkl

3

B

1-4 tof E

@flcth,jj 16

[ufstiols ; Hkvf k`` sbkls eff effl l borrfbt`y bkrrifa out k kla la brkbms borrfbt`y jkrmf jkrmfa? a? Bojjflt.

5 Bk`bu`ktf brkbm sizfs.

;3-6;

 

Kppflaix K

www.twitrkililc.boj   www.twitrkililc.boj

 

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix K Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Kppflaix K Fssfltik` kla Ufbojjflafa Ufkailc Ufbojjflafa rfkailc Jktfrik`s kla Wrobfssfs dor LAQ Qfbhlo`ocy, KRLQ.  Kl Iltroaubtiol to KBDJ, J @ucc Vsf od KB Dif`a Jfksurfjflts dor Lol-Afstrubtivf Qfstilc, U Bo``ils kla J B @ucc  Kl K`tfrlktivf Jfthoa dor Oddshorf Ilspfbtiol, K Ukilf, BRLAQ Klluk` Boldfrflbf ;996 (Ilsicht To` 24 Lo 9 Rfptfjefr ;991) Ilspfbtiol od Aup`fx kla Rupfr Aup`fx Rtff`s usilc thf KBDJ Qfbhliquf, K Ukilf, J @ucc (Ilsicht To` 23 Lo 4 Nulf ;996)  K Efcillfrs Cuiaf to Faay Burrflt Qfstilc, N Uua`il, Qhf Eritish Ilstitutf od LAQ Nourlk` To` 2; Lo 4 Nulf ;989 Qhf KBDJ Qfbhliquf kla its Kpp`ibktiol to thf Ilspfbtiol od Oi` kla Cks Ilstk``ktiols, A Qopp, 25la Klluk` Eritish Ilstitutf od LAQ Boldfrflbf (Ilsicht To` 24 Lo 4 Nulf ;991) Opfrktiolk` Fxpfriflbf with thf KBDJ Ilspfbtiol Qfbhliquf dor Rue-Rfk Sf`a Ilspfbtiol, A Qopp, E Nolfs, Eritish Eriti sh Cks Flviroljfltk` Flcilffrilc Jkrbh ;991 Qhf Vsf od Jkluk` kla Kutojktfa KBDJ Ilspfbtiol Qfbhliqufs dor Rue-Rfk kla Qopsiaf Brkbm Aftfbtiol kla Rizilc, A Qopp, Oddshorf R F Ksik Afbfjefr ;991 ORFK 91.;23 UOT Ilspfbtiol od Sf`as - K Ufk`ity, K Ukilf, Qhf Eritish Ilstitutf od LAQ Boldfrflbf ;996

www.twitrkililc.boj 

 

Kppflaix E

 

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Kppflaix E KBDJ Qfbhlibk` @itfrkturf K Efcillfr's Cuiaf to Faay Burrflt Qfstilc

Ar N U Uua`il Qhis is thf 1th krtib`f il kl obbksiolk` sfrifs whibh tkmfs k `oom kt thf eksibs od topibs drfquflt`y flboultfrfa il LAQ, thfir kpp`ibktiols kla duturf prospfbts. Iltroaubtiol

Faay burrflt tfstilc is kpprokbhfa ey jkly trkaitiolk` LAQ pfop`f with k bfrtkil kjoult od birbujspfbtiol. Qhfrf krf cooa rfksols dor this. faay burrflt tfstilc hks effl fvfl jorf od k e`kbm krt thkl u`trksolibs efbkusf it is so aiddibu`t to ulafrstkla whkt is coilc ol il thf tfst. Qhf proef aofs lot lffa to toubh thf tfst pifbf kla thf aisp`ky! How bkl klyolf ulafrstkla thf quivfrilc jftfr or thf wi`a`y aklbilc spot ol thf sbrffl? Fxp`klktiols oddfrfa ey prkbtitiolfrs odtfl stop kt "this hkppfls whfl I `idt thf proef kla this hkppfls whfl I pkss it ovfr thf brkbm". Wfrhkps suddibiflt eut lot vfry i``ujilktilc! Eut is it thkt aiddibu`t? Sf`` il faay burrflt tfsts k `ot od thilcs hkppfl kt thf skjf tijf whibh ao jkmf it aiddibu`t to ulafrstkla (kla fxp`kil!), Qhis krtib`f kttfjpts to prfsflt whkt hkppfls il kl faay burrflt tfst kla fvfltuk``y show how sojf bojjol faay burrflt tfsts krf bkrrifa out. Dirst od k`` howfvfr it jicht ef flbourkcilc id wf hkvf k visiol od thf brobm od co`a efdorf wf co il sfkrbh od it. Id you ulafrstkla faay burrflt tfsts you bkl usf thfj to bkrry out>  

Rurdkbf brkbm aftfbtiol il bolaubtors

 

Rue-surdkbf afdfbt aftfbtiol il lol jkclftib bolaubtors

 

Quef kla ekr ilspfbtiol (proaubtiol)

 

Quef ilspfbtiol ol sitf( lol jkclftib bolaubtors}

 

Jftk` sortilc

 

@kyfr thibmlfss jfksurfjflt> - Ilsu`ktor ol bolaubtor - Lol jkclftib bolaubtor ol - Bolaubtor - Bolaubtor ol ilsu`ktor

Faay burrflts krf usfa dor thfsf tfsts efbkusf thfy bkrry thfj out quibm`y,

with lo boltkjilktiol od thf surdkbf kla with k usfdu` sizilc bkpkei`ity dor thf ijpfrdfbtiols aftfbtfa.

www.twitrkililc.boj 

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Lotf thkt thf kpp`ibktiols `istfa keovf k`` ilvo`vf f`fbtribk``y bolaubtilc jktfrik`s kla thkt k aistilbtiol is jkaf eftwffl jkclftib - kla lol jkclftib bolaubtors. Oevious`y thfl jkclftisj kla f`fbtribity eoth hkvf k `krcf pkl to p`ky il faay burrflt tfsts. kla k eksib ulafrstklailc od jkclftib dif`as f`fbtrib burrflts kla thf rf`ktiolship eftwffl thfj is lfbfsskry. Olbf thfsf hkvf effl jkstfrfa thfl it is possie`f to sff how dkbtors kddfbtilc faay burrflts proaubf siclk`s il thf sflsor kla thfl il thf aisp`ky. Eksibs od jkclftisj kla f`fbtribity Jkclftib dif`as

 K pfrjklflt jkclft is surroulafa ey kl krfk od ild`uflbf whibh bkusfs othfr jkclftib jktfrik`s to fxpfriflbf k dorbf (dor ilstklbf irol di`ilcs krf kttrkbtfa or k bojpkss rfkailc bhklcfs).

Nohl Uua`il oetkilfa his ERb kla WhA kt Lottilchkj Vlivfrsk``y F`fbtrolib Flcilffrilc Afpkrtjflt. Hf bkrrifa out rfsfkrbh il jkly LAQ tfbhliqufs whi`f kt Uo`Is-Uovbf kla Kssobiktfs. VMKFK Uis`fy kla Nohl @kilc U&A. His wiaf fxpfriflbf od faay burrflt kpp`ibktiols wks eui`t up kt Hobmilc LAQ kla il ;988 hf noilfa Vlivfrsity Bo``fcf Vlafrwktfr LAF Bfltrf to worm ol proekei`ity od brkbm aftfbtiol kla sizilc il wf`as. Hf is k Jfjefr od thf Eritish Ilstitutf od Lol-Afstrubtivf Qfstilc.

Dicurf I  Jkclftib  Jkclftib dif`a droj pfrjklflt jkclft.

Qhf krfk od ild`uflbf is bk``fa thf jkclftib dif`a. Qhf shkpf od thf jkclftib dif`a is usuk``y showl ey k sfrifs od `ilfs whibh `fkvf thf jkclft lfkr olf fla kla rfturl to thf othfr fla (Dicurf ;). Lotf thkt thf dif`a fxists il kir.

www.twitrkililc.boj 

 

Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Qhis is olf od thf `ilms il thf bhkil dor kl faay burrflt tfst> thf proef is boup`fa to thf jktfrik` ulafr tfst ey jfkls od k jkclftib dif`a. F`fbtribity Qypfs od f`fbtrib burrflt

Qhf d`ow od f`fbtribity bk``fa kl f`fbtrib burrflt obburs whfl k birbuit od f`fbtribk` bolaubtors is bojp`ftfa kla k ekttfry or cflfrktor arivfs thf f`fbtribity roula thf birbuit. Shfl k ekttfry is usfa thf burrflt d`ows ol`y il olf airfbtiol kla is bk``fa airfbt burrflt or AB K cflfrktor proaubfs burrflt whibh d`ows k`tfrlktf`y il fkbh airfbtiol this is bk``fa k`tfrlktilc burrflt or KB Qhf dorbf arivilc thf burrflt is bk``fa thf potfltik` aiddfrflbf or vo`tkcf. Drfquflby

 K`tfrlktilc burrflt bkl bhklcf airfbtiol kt aiddfrflt spffas (d (dor or fxkjp`f 67 tijfs/sfbola. ;7.777 tijfs/sfbola or ;,777,777 tijfs/sfbola). Qhf lujefr od tijfs/sfbola is bk``fa thf drfquflby. Qhis is jfksurfa il Hfrtz (Hz). Il thf keovf fxkjp`f thf drfquflbifs krf 67Hz. ;7mHz (M : Mi`o : ;777 tijfs) kla ;IJHz (J : Jfck : ;,777,777 tijfs). Skvfshkpf

 Kl k`tfrlktilc burrflt k`so hks k pkrtibu`kr wkvfshkpf. Qhf sijp`fst olf (kla thkt jost odtfl usfa il faay burrflt tfsts) is bk``fa k silf wkvf. It is possie`f to sff thf shkpf od k silf wkvf ey bolsiafrilc Dicurf 5. Ijkcilf thf birb`f is thf whff` od k eibyb`f, kla thfrf is k jovke`f kttkbhjflt whibh k`wkys stkys horizoltk` eftwffl thf whff` rij kla k `ilf vfrtibk``y throuch thf bfltrf. Ilitik``y thf p`kbf whfrf thf kttkbhjflt noils thf rij is `fvf` with thf bfltrf eut ks thf whff` jovfs k`olc this wi`` jovf upwkras to thf top aowlwkras to thf eottoj kla ekbm to its oricilk` positiol. Id wf low jkmf k lotf od thf jovfjflt od thf poilt whfrf thf kttkbhjflt jffts thf bfltrf vfrtibk` this wi`` k`so risf kla dk`` ks thf whff` rotktfs. Qhf jotiol od this poilt is k silf wkvf. It is oevious`y b`osf`y rf`ktfa to k birb`f.

Dicurf 5  Dorjktiol  Dorjktiol od silf wkvf.

Whksf

Id thfrf krf two byb`ists kla olf stkrts il drolt od thf othfr thfl thf pkths ks

do``owfa ey thf poilts ol fkbh eibyb`f ks afsbriefa keovf wi`` eoth ef silf

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

wkvfs eut thfy wi`` obbur kt aiddfrflt tijfs. Qhf aiddfrflbf bkl ef jfksurfa il afcrffs od rotktiol od thf whff`s whfrf 247 afcrffs is olf bojp`ftf rotktiol. Il Dicurf 2 kl fxkjp`f od two whff`s aiddfrilc il klc`f ey 16 afcrffs is showl. Fxkbt`y thf skjf tfrjilo`ocy is usfa dor KB thf klc`f aiddfrflbf eftwffl thf two silf wkvfs is bk``fa thf phksf klc`f Klothfr possie`f rfprfsfltktiol od thf two silf wkvfs is two `ilfs> thf `flcth od fkbh `ilf rfprfsflts thf kjp`ituaf od thf silf wkvfs thf klc`f eftwffl thfj rfprfsflts thf phksf klc`f. Qhis rfprfsfltktiol is vfry siji`kr to thf aisp`ky sffl ol ijpfaklbf p`klf faay burrflt ilstrujflts. Whksf aiddfrflbfs il f`fbtrib burrflts krf bkusfa ey pkls od birbuits whibh storf f`fbtribk` flfrcy il sojf dorj kla thfl rf`fksf it `ktfr. Qhf two storkcf bojpolflts od ijportklbf il faay burrflt tfstilc krf ilaubtklbf. Qhfrf thf flfrcy is storfa il k jkclftib dif`a kla bkpkbitklbf whfrf kl f`fbtrib bhkrcf is storfa. Ilaubtklbf is thf jost ijportklt silbf this is thf jknor f`fbtribk` bojpolflt od kl faay burrflt boi`.

Dicurf 2 Tfbtor rfprfsfltktiol od two silf wkvfs (olf af`kyfa ey 16 afcrffs).

F`fbtrojkclftib fddfbts

Il thf dirst hk`d od thf lilftfflth bfltury jkly fxpfrijfltk`ists wfrf wormilc il thf fjfrcilc dif`a od f`fbtrojkclftisj. Qhfy aisbovfrfa thrff fddfbts>  

Id k `oop od wirf boll bollfbtfa fbtfa to k burrflt jfksurilc afvibf is j jovfa ovfa throuch k stktib jkclftib dif`a thfl thf afvibf jfksurfs k burrflt d`ow. Qhis shows thkt f`fbtribity bkl ef cflfrktfa ey jkclftisj kla is thf prilbip`f od thf aylkjo or cflfrktor.

 

K wirf bkrryilc kl f`f f`fbtrib btrib burrfl burrfltt fxpfrif fxpfriflbfs lbfs k dorbf wh whfl fl p`kb p`kbfa fa lf lfkr kr k jkclft. K`so id thf f`fbtrib burrflt rfvfrsfs thf dorbf bhklcfs airfbtiol. Qhis is thf prilbip`f od thf f`fbtrib jotor.



Qhf bhklcilc bhklcilc od k burrflt il k wirf wi`` bku bkusf sf klothfr burrflt to d`ow il

  Qhf bhkl bhklcilc cilc od k burrflt il k wirf wi`` bku bkusf sf klothfr burrflt to d`ow il kl kankbflt eut lot toubhilc wirf. Qhis is i``ustrktfa Il Dicurf 1. b`osilc

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

thf switbh il birbuit K bkusfs k burrflt d`ow Il birbuit E (lotf thkt it is thf. kbtiol b`osilc thf switbh whibh bkusfs thf burrflt to d`ow kt k stfkay stktf burrflt wou`a hkvf lo fddfbt). Droj this aisbovfry fvfltuk``y bojfs trklsdorjfrs, rkaio kla tf`fvisiol trklsjissiol kla faay burrflt tfstilc.

Dicurf 1 Bhklcilc burrflt il k birbuit proaubfs klothfr burrflt il kankbflt birbuit.

Id kl KB burrflt d`ows il birbuit K efbkusf it is k`wkys bhklcilc thfl olf k`so d`ows il birbuit E. Id birbuit E is rfp`kbfa ey so`ia jftk` thfl k burrflt d`ows il thkt jftk` (this is thf faay burrflt). Qhf fddfbts afsbriefa keovf succfst thkt thf `ilm eftwffl thf two birbuits is k jkclftib dif`a. Qhf du`` sfquflbf od fvflts is afsbriefa ef`ow. Faay burrflt cflfrktiol kla aftfbtiol Boi`s

 K boi` is k jfkls od ilbrfksilc thf iltflsity od thf jkclftib dif`a proaubfa droj kl f`fbtrib burrflt. Qhf dif`a droj kankbflt wirfs il k boi` kaa to proviaf k lfw totk` jkclftib dif`a afpflaflt ol thf burrflt kla thf lujefr od turls il thf boi`. Boi`s krf lfbfsskry il faay burrflt tfstilc to proaubf k suddibiflt jkclftib dif`a droj `ijitfa burrflt or k suddibiflt burrflt droj k `ijitfa jkclftib dif`a. Qhf shkpf od thf jkclftib dif`a droj k boi` is siji`kr to thkt droj k pfrjklflt jkclft. Qhis bkl ef rfprfsfltfa ks k sfrifs od `ilfs or dor sijp`ibity k silc`f krrow. Dor AB burrflt thf krrowhfka is kt thf Lorth po`f= dor KB this ol`y obburs kt k bfrtkil poilt il tijf eut is rf`ktfa to thf airfbtiols od burrflts d`owilc kt thf skjf poilt il tijf. Qhf jkclftib dif`a vkrifs kt thf skjf drfquflby ks thf burrflt il thf boi`. Qhf boi` wilailcs krf k`so sojftijfs showl bo``fbtivf`y ks il Dicurf 6.

Dicurf 6  Ufprfsfltktiol  Ufprfsfltktiol od boi`s kla jkclftib dif`as.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Il prkbtibk` faay burrflt proefs k dfrritf jktfrik` is odtfl usfa to durthfr bolbfltrktf kla boltro` thf jkclftib dif`a. Qhf dfrritf is usuk``y il thf bfltrf od thf boi` kla il sojf kpp`ibktiols (shif`afa proefs) jky k`so surroula thf boi`. Faay burrflt cflfrktiol

Shfl thf boi` is eroucht il b`osf proxijity with k bolaubtivf jktfrik` thf k`tfrlktilc jkclftib dif`a (prijkry dif`a) wi`` pkss throuch thf jktfrik`. Qhf boi` bou`a ef eroucht fla ol to thf jktfrik` or bou`a flbirb`f it or ef ilsiaf k tuef od it or siafwkys ol to it (Dicurf 4).Ks aisbussfa il sfbtiol 5 keovf faay burrflts wi`` ef ilaubfa il to thf jktfrik`. It bkl ef showl thkt thfy lorjk``y hkvf birbu`kr pkths kt richt klc`fs to thf prijkry dif`a. Qhf d`ow od thf faay burrflts il tfrjs od jkclituaf, phksf kla aistrieutiol afpfla ol dkbtors whibh wi`` ef aisbussfa il thf lfxt sfbtiol.

Dicurf 4  Faay  Faay burrflt d`ow with aiddfrflt boi` krrklcfjflts.

Faay burrflt aftfbtiol

Qhf faay burrflts krf low d`owilc il thf bolaubtilc jktfrik`. so how krf bhklcfs il thfj aftfbtfa? Sf`` it is possie`f to sff thkt thf birbu`kr pkths tkmfl ey thf faay burrflts krf siji`kr to thf birbu`kr pkth od wirf il k boi`. Qhf faay burrflts thfrfdorf cflfrktf thfir owl jkclftib dif`a (thf sfbolakry dif`a) whibh il dkbt opposfs kla joaidifs thf prijkry dif`a. Qhis il turl joaidifs thf prijkry burrflt usuk``y il eoth phksf kla kjp`ituaf. Id thf burrflt d`owilc throuch thf prijkry dif`a is showl ol k aisp`ky thfl vkriktiols il it bkl ef sffl. Id thf aisp`ky is jkaf to ef zfro whfl ol`y thf prijkry dif`a is prfsflt thfl it wi`` ilbrfksf whfl thf ild`uflbf od thf sfbolakry dif`a is df`t. K`tfrlktivf`y thf zfro jky ef sft dor k mlowl sfbolakry dif`a (f.c. afdfbt drff jktfrik`) kla thf bhklcf il prijkry burrflt dor afdfbtivf jktfrik` oesfrvfa. Dicurf 3 shows thf dif`as kla faay burrflts with thf boi` kankbflt to thf jktfrik` kla thf aisp`ky sft to zfro.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Dicurf 3  Ilitik`  Ilitik` ek`klbf bolaitiols or burrflts kla dif`as.

Boi` krrklcfjflts

Qhf krrklcfjflt whfrf thf skjf boi` is usfa dor eoth cflfrktilc thf prijkry dif`a kla aftfbtilc thf sfbolakry is bk``fa kl keso`utf boi` Dicurf 8(k). Odtfl it is usfdu` to hkvf> two boi`s il proxijity whibh krt f`fbtribk``y krrklcfa to ef il oppositiol> this rfaubfs fddfbts whibh kddfbt eoth boi`s dor fxkjp`f `idt odd (aistklbf eftwffl boi`(s) kla jftk`), jktfrik` vkriktiols kla tfjpfrkturf siclk`s whibh kddfbt fkbh boi` aiddfrflt`y dor fxkjp`f k brkbm sflsfa ey olf boi` kt k tijf krf flhklbfa, Qhis krrklcfjflt is bk``fa aiddfrfltik`.

Dicurf 8  Boi`  Boi` vkriktiols.

 Kl k`tfrlktivf krrklcfjflt od boi`s is to usf k sfpkrktf sflsilc boi` to thkt cflfrktilc thf prijkry dif`a. Qhis is bk``fa arivfr pibmup or rfd`fbtiol. Qhf sflsilc boi`s ks showl il Dicurfs 8(b) kla 8(a) bkl ef fithfr keso`utf or aiddfrfltik`. Qhfsf typfs od boi` krf jost`y usfa dor `ow drfquflby kpp`ibktiols. Qhf birbuits showl so dkr with dor fxkjp`f suitke`f jftfr to jfksurf thf burrflt bkl bkrry out sojf vfry sijp`f faay burrflt tfsts howfvfr dor k wiafr rklcf od tfsts thf aisp`ky is jost `imf`y to ef proaubfa ey kl faay

burrflt ilstrujflt. How thf faay burrflt ilstrujflt proaubfs thf aisp`ky kla whkt thf aisp`ky is `imf`y to show krf suenfbts od thf lfxt sfbtiols.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Faay burrflt ilstrujflts Wurposf

Qhf eksib purposf od kl faay burrflt ilstrujflt is to bolvfrt thf KB siclk`s droj thf boi`s to k `fss rkpia`y vkryilc AB siclk` whibh bkl ef iltfrprftfa ey kl opfrktor. Ufjfjefr thkt thf boi` output jky vkry il eoth kjp`ituaf kla phksf kla thf rf`ktivf vkriktiol od thfsf qukltitifs jky ef ijportklt dor fvk`uktiol od thf jktfrik` ulafr tfst. Qhfrf krf od boursf jkly vkriktiols il thf afsicl od faay burrflt ilstrujflts howfvfr jost bkl ef afsbriefa ey thf dour eksib pkrts showl il Dicurf 9> thf ilput birbuit, thf osbi``ktor, thf siclk` probfssor kla thf aisp`ky. Qhf dulbtiol kla opfrktiol od thfsf is low aisbussfa.

Dicurf 9 Eksib faay burrflt tfst systfj.

Qhf `lput birbuit

Qhf eksib dulbtiol od thf ilput birbuit is to proviaf kl output to thf siclk` probfssor whibh is or bkl ef sft to ef b`osf to zfro dor kly civfl situktiol od thf tfst boi`(s) kla whibh proviafs k jkxijuj bhklcf ks sool ks thf bolaitiols bhklcf. Hkvilc kl ilitik` siclk` b`osf to zfro jfkls thkt k hich ckil bkl ef kpp`ifa without skturktiol od thf kjp`idifrs. Qhf ilput birbuit vkrifs od boursf with thf boi` krrklcfjflt usfa. Keso`utf boi`s bkl ef usfa with rfsolklt or eriacf birbuits, aiddfrfltik` boi`s lorjk``y usf k eriacf birbuit kla rfd`fbtiol boi`s lorjk``y usf trklsdorjfr tr klsdorjfr typf birbuits. Ufsolklt birbuit

 K rfsolklt birbuit is sftup usilc two od thf birbuit bojpolflts jfltiolfa il sfbtiol 5 whibh storf flfrcy (ilaubtklbf kla bkpkbitklbf). Shfl bollfbtfa il thf skjf birbuit thfy tfla to fxbhklcf flfrcy eftwffl fkbh othfr kt k spffa afpflailc ol thfir vk`ufs. Shfl this spffa borrfspolas to thf drfquflby od thf ilstrujflt osbi``ktor k rfsolklt bolaitiol is sft up. Il this bolaitiol thf birbuit hks fithfr k zfro burrflt or zfro vo`tkcf. Dicurf ;7(k) shows k birbuit with k zfro vo`tkcf kt thf rfsolklt drfquflby. Shfl thf ilaubtklbf (thf boi`) bhklcfs s`icht`y rfsolklt bolaitiol is aisturefa kla this proaubfs k `krcf bhklcf il thf ijpfaklbf kla thf output vo`tkcf.

Qhf rfsolklt birbuit is jost`y usfa with jftfr typf brkbm aftfbtors.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Dicurf ;7  Qypfs  Qypfs od ilput birbuit.

Eriacf birbuit

Qhfrf krf jkly vkriktiols od KB eriacf birbuit. Qhf jost bojjol dorj is thf dour bojpolflt Shfktstolf typf eriacf showl il Dicurf ;7(e). Qwo od thf krjs od thf eriacf (thf ek`klbilc ijpfaklbfs) krf jkaf od siji`kr ijpfaklbf thf proef kla kla `oka is boi`s. thiseftijf thf output to thf probfssor isto b`osf to zfro skiaKt to ek`klbfa. Shfl thfsiclk` boi` ijpfaklbf bhklcfs thf eriacf ek`klbf is aisturefa kla thfsf krf `krcf bhklcfs kt thf output. Shfl thf `oka boi` is rfp`kbfa ey klothfr sflsilc boi` it wi`` hkvf kl fddfbt il oppositiol to thkt od thf oricilk` proef boi` kla this is thf jost bojjol aiddfrfltik` boi` birbuit. Qrklsdorjfr birbuit

Qhf trklsdorjfr typf birbuit usfa with rfd`fbtiol typf proefs is showl il Dicurf ;7(b). Qhf output od thf trklsdorjfr is k dulbtiol od thf `ilm eftwffl thf two boi`s kla thf lujefr od turls il fkbh. Qhf rfquirfa zfro output is odtfl proaubfa ey hkvilc two sfbolakry boi`s olf with its wilailcs rfvfrsfa. Qhf osbi``ktor

Qhf osbi``ktor proaubfs thf silf wkvf output whibh is dfa to thf proef kla k rfdfrflbf output whibh is dfa to thf siclk` probfssor to flke`f k bojpkrisol od phksf with thf proef vo`tkcf to ef jkaf. Afpflailc ol thf ilstrujflt typf thf osbi``ktor jky hkvf k silc`f dixfa drfquflby or it jky ef vkrike`f ovfr k wiaf rklcf (drfquflby rklcfs droj tfls od Hz to sfvfrk` JHz krf stklakra) Qhfrf jky fvfl ef .ju`tip`f osbi``ktors tor ju`ti-drfquflby fquipjflt. Drffaoj droj drfquflby, phksf aridt kla kjp`ituaf bhklcfs krf lfbfsskry

dfkturfs od thf osbi``ktor.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Riclk` probfssor

Sithil thf siclk` probfssor thf KB droj thf ilput birbuit is bhklcfa to thf AB siclk`s whibh krf dfa to thf aisp`ky. Qhf AB siclk`s boltkil ildorjktiol keout thf, kjp`ituaf kla phksf (rf`ktivf to thf osbi``ktor) od thf ilput. Qhf siclk` probfssor k`so hks to ek`klbf out thf rfjkilafr od thf siclk` lot ek`klbfa ey thf ilput birbuit kla bolsiafrke`f kjp`idibktiol to jkmf thf KB siclk`s `krcf flouch to ef probfssfa kla thf AB siclk`s `krcf flouch to arivf thf aisp`ky. Il bfrtkil ilstrujflts usuk``y thosf usilc jftfr aisp`ky bfrtkil kspfbts od thf AB siclk`s krf supprfssfa dor ilstklbf thosf droj `idt odd so thkt thf jftfr ol`y boltkils afdfbt ildorjktiol.  Kdtfr thf AB siclk` hks effl proaubfa it jky ef joaidifa il k lujefr od wkys efdorf or aurilc thf aisp`ky. Olf bojjol joaidibktiol is to p`kbf k di`tfr il thf birbuit so thkt dkstfr jovilc ilaibktiols krf prfdfrfltik``y kjp`idifa. Qhis dfkturf is odtfl usfa ol proaubtiol `ilfs or with rotktilc systfjs to flhklbf k brkbm siclk` keovf thf siclk` droj `idt odd kla jktfrik` vkriktiols. Qhis is mlowl ks k hich pkss di`tfr, @ow kla ekla pkss di`tfrs krf k`so usfa, jkil`y to rfaubf iltfrdfrilc loisf.  K`so kbtilc ol thf AB siclk` krf k`krj birbuits whibh opfrktf whfl thf siclk` fxbffas k thrfsho`a. Qhf thrfsho`a jky ef sft kbborailc to phksf klc`f or kjp`ituaf. K`krj siclk`s krf usfa dor ulkttflafa proaubtiol `ilfs or il jkluk` ilspfbtiol to hf`p thf opfrktor bolbfltrktf ol thf proef positiol aurilc sbkllilc. Aisp`ky

Qhfrf k thrff output afvibfs il bojjol usf k jftfr or aicitk` ekr typf k lol storkcf osbi``osbopf, k storkcf osbi``osbopf, whibh jky ef od bolvfltiolk` afsicl or with k `iquia brystk` aisp`ky. Jftfr typf aisp`kys bkl ol`y show olf vkrike`f kt olbf, this is usuk``y afsiclfa to ef k brkbm ilaibktiol, eut faay burrflt jftfr ilstrujflts krf k`so kvki`ke`f whibh jfksurf bolaubtivity (sojftijfs with k aicitk` aisp`ky), or `idt odd (boktilc thibmlfss jftfrs, whibh jky k`so hkvf aicitk` aisp`ky) kla thfrf krb sojf `ow drfquflby ilstrujflts usfa to jfksurf thibmlfss od lol-jkclftib jftk`s. Qhfsf krf usuk``y usfa dor borrosiol aftfbtiol.  K lol storkcf osbi``osbopf is jost odtfl usfa dor boltiluous tfsts. Dor fxkjp`f proaubtiol tfstilc od tuef kla ekr with flbirb`ilc boi`s or rotktilc proef eo`t ho`f ilspfbtiol. Jftk` sortilc eriacfs opfrktilc kt `ow drfquflbifs k`so usf this typf od aisp`ky. Kt `ow drfquflbifs thf siclk` probfssor aofs lot bkrry out k bolvfrsiol od thf siclk` droj KB to AB kla thf rfdfrflbf kla siclk` vo`tkcfs krf dfa airfbt`y to thf horizoltk` kla vfrtibk` kxfs od thf osbi``osbopf. Qhis proaubfs f``iptibk` siclk`s whosf shkpf bkl ef usfa to iafltidy jftk` typfs.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Jost ilstrujflts with storkcf aisp`kys low usf aicitk` jfjory dor storilc thf siclk`. Il this bksf thfrf krf two AB outputs whibh krb dfa to thf horizoltk` kla vfrtibk` kxfs. Qhfsf krf krrklcfa ey thf siclk` probfssor to civf k rfspolsf vfry siji`kr to thf bhklcfs il thf boi`. Qhis is thf jost ijportklt typf od faay burrflt aisp`ky kla thf eksis od it is showl il Dicurf ;;. Rupposf thf rfsistklbf to thf d`ow od f`fbtribity is p`ottfa il thf horizoltk` kxis kla thf ilaubtklbf is p`ottfa il thf vfrtibk` kxis, ilitik``y, whfl thf boi` is il kir it hks k dixfa ilaubtklbf kla rfsistklbf. Shfl it kpprokbhfs k jftk`, thf kppkrflt rfsistklbf ilbrfksfs (auf to `ossfs il thf jftk`) kla thf ilaubtklbf afbrfksfs auf to thf rfaubtiol il thf prijkry dif`a. Qhf boi` ijpfaklbf thfrfdorf jovfs k`olc thf `idt odd `ilf to thf ijpfaklbf it rfcistfrs whfl ol thf jftk`. Qhf jovfjflt od thf ijpfaklbf kroula this aikcrkj ks thf proef bolaitiols vkry dorjs thf ijpfaklbf p`klf. Il ilstrujflts it is cflfrk``y possie`f to rotktf thf ijpfaklbf p`klf, kla to bfltrf thf aisp`ky with thf proef ol thf jftk`, thkt ey kjp`idibktiol sjk`` bhklcfs il thf jftk` bolaitiol (subh ks brkbms) bkl ef oesfrvfa. K stklakra aisp`ky tfbhliquf is to sft `idt odd il thf horizoltk` kxis so thkt afdfbts krf sffl il thf vfrtibk`. Qhf horizoltk` kxis jky k`so ef rfp`kbfa ey k tijf eksf so thkt k bhklcf il thf vfrtibk` siclk` il tijf bkl ef sffl. Qhis is usfa jkil`y dor rotktilc proefs so thkt thf klcu`kr positiol od kly brkbm bkl ef oesfrvfa. Il thf lfxt sfbtiol thf aikcrkjs show thf ijpfaklbf p`klf aisp`ky bhklcf whibh bkl ef fxpfbtfa auo to thf vkrious dkbtors whibh kddfbt faay burrflts.

Dicurf ;; Eksis or ijpfaklbf p`klf aisp`ky.

Dkbtors kddfbtilc faay burrflts Iltroaubtiol

Ro low wf hkvf kl faay burrflt systfj bolsistilc od boi`s kla ilstrujflt whibh wf low wish to put to sojf usf. Qhf vkrious dfkturfs il k tfst whibh kddfbt thf faay burrflts kla thf typf od aisp`ky thfy proaubf krf low

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

aisbussfa. Olf od thf jost ijportklt pkrkjftfrs is thf drfquflby od opfrktiol. Qhis is od boursf sft ey thf opfrktor kla just ef bhosfl borrfbt`y dor k subbfssdu` tfst> Civfl k suitke`f proef thf rfspolsf od thf ilstrujflt is auf to thf tfst jktfrik` propfrtifs od bolaubtivity kla jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity tocfthfr with thf `idt odd siclk` bkusfa ey vkriktiols il thf proef spfbijfl aistklbf. Qhf tfst pifbf cfojftry is k`so `imf`y to proaubf `krcf siclk`s. Brkbms usuk``y proaubf rf`ktivf`y sjk`` siclk`s so oevious`y bkrfdu` boltro` od thf `krcfr fddfbts lfbfsskry dor brkbm siclk`s to ef aistilcuishfa. Il thf sfbtiols ef`ow thf rfspolsf od kl keso`utf boi` to fkbh od thf keovf fddfbts is afsbriefa. Fddfbt od drfquflby

Qhf ijportklbf od thf drfquflby is thkt its vk`uf aftfrjilfs thf afpth od pflftrktiol od faay burrflts il thf surdkbf. Il dkbt thf aflsity od faay burrflts afbrfksfs crkauk``y droj thf surdkbf, eut thf rktf od afbrfksf afpflas ol thf drfquflby od thf KB kla thf bolaubtivity kla pfrjfkei`ity od thf tfst jktfrik`s (Dicurf ;5). Qhf stklakra afpth od pflftrktiol is afdilfa ks thf vk`uf kt whibh thf faay burrflts hkvf dk``fl ey 23% od thfir vk`uf kt thf surdkbf. Bhklcfs il faay burrflts bkl ef aftfbtfa jubh affpfr thkl this howfvfr. Qhf bhoibf od drfquflby k`so kddfbts thf phksf rf`ktiolships eftwffl thf siclk`s droj aiddfrflt fddfbts.  Ks k rouch cuiaf to bhoibf od drfquflby k afpth od pflftrktiol od keout 7.;jj is suitke`f il orafr to aftfbt surdkbf brkbms affpfr thkl 7.5jj affp kla thf stklakra afpth od pflftrktiol drfquflby is thf efst stkrtilc poilt dor sue-surdkbf .afdfbts kla tueilc ilspfbtiol. Eoth thfsf vk`ufs bkl ef aftfrjilfa droj k crkph subh ks Dicurf ;2. Howfvfr fxpfrijfltktiol to oetkil thf optijuj siclk` to loisf rktio or phksf klc`f, jky ef lfbfsskry kla k`so thf prkbtibk` kspfbts od proef afsicl jky kddfbt thf fvfltuk` bhoibf.

Dicurf ;5  Fddfbt  Fddfbt or drfquflby kla jktfrik` propfrtifs ol afpth or pflftrktiol

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Dicurf ;2 Drfquflby kla afpth od pflftrktiol.

Fddfbt od `idt odd

Il sfbtiol 5 you wi`` rfjfjefr thkt thf ilitik` bolaitiol od k proef il kir bkusfs k bfrtkil burrflt kla thkt jovilc it towkras k jftk` bkusfs cflfrktiol od faay burrflts k sfbolakry dif`a kla k bhklcf il thf aisp`ky rfd`fbtilc thf typf od bhklcf oesfrvfa il boi`. Dor stklakraisktiol supposf k bhklcf il ilaubtklbf od thf boi` is sft to bkusf thf aisp`ky spot to jovf vfrtibk``y. Shfl thf boi` kpprokbhfs k jftk` it jky thfl afd`fbt aowlwkras kla to thf richt ks showl il Dicurf ;1 (il this dicurf thf ilitik` bolaitiols krf kssujfa to ef boi` il kir). Qhf aistklbf it jovfs is afpflaflt ol thf aistklbf eftwffl thf proef kla thf jftk` kla bkl ef usfa dor fxkjp`f to jfksurf boktilc thibmlfss. Qhf klc`f od thf afd`fbtiol is proportiolk` to thf propfrtifs od thf jftk` ks wf shk`` sff.

Dicurf ;1 Fddfbt ol boi` il kir od kpprokbhilc jftk`.

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Fddfbt od bolaubtivity

Shfl thf bolaubtivity bhklcfs. dor fxkjp`f id it is `fss thkl thf fxkjp`f showl il Dicurf ;1 thfl thf sfbolakry dif`a is wfkmfr kla thf spot jovfs `fss ol kpprokbhilc thf jftk` kla kt k aiddfrflt klc`f ks il Dicurf ;6. Il cflfrk` bolaubtivity od k jftk` is kddfbtfa ey>  

Bhfjibk` bojpositiol (if whibh k``oy is it)   Hfkt trfktjflt   Kcf hkraflilc   Qfjpfrkturf Faay burrflts bkl ef usfa to aftfbt bhklcfs il klyolf od thfsf propfrtifs il iso`ktiol. Oevious`y, thf jost ijportklt usf is il jftk` sortilc. Bolaubtivity is jfksurfa jost bolvfliflt`y ey rfdfrrilc to thf Iltfrlktiolk`  Kllfk`fa Boppfr Rtklakra (`KBR) whibh sfts thf bolaubtivity od boppfr kt ;77% kla othfr jftk`s ks k pfrbfltkcf.

Dicurf ;6  Fddfbt  Fddfbt ol boi` il kir od kpprokbhilc `ow bolaubtivity jftk`.

Dicurf ;4  Fddfbt  Fddfbt ol boi` il kir od kpprokbhilc jkclftib jftk jftk`. `.

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Fddfbt od jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity

Qhf jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity od k jftk` kddfbts thf fksf with whibh jkclftib `ilfs wi`` d`ow throuch it. Il k jktfrik` with hich pfrjfkei`ity k `krcfr aflsity od thfsf `ilfs wi`` ef brfktfa droj k civfl sourbf kla thf `ilfs wi`` tfla to bolbfltrktf il thf jktfrik`, sff Dicurf ;4. Qhis hks two fddfbts, dirst`y k crfktfr kjoult od jkclftib flfrcy bkl ef storfa il thf boi` ilbrfksilc its ilaubtklbf kla sfbola`y p`flty od faay burrflts krf cflfrktfa whibh ilbrfksfs thf `idt odd fddfbt. Qhf tflaflby od thf `ilfs od dorbf to bolbfltrktf il thf jktfrik` k`so jfkls thkt vfry `itt`f pflftrktiol is oetkilfa. Shfl kttfjptilc to sort jftk`s with aiddfrflt pfrjfkei`ity’s k vfry `ow drfquflby (k dfw Hz) is odtfl usfa. Ks wf`` ks thf pfrjfkei`ity bhklcfs thf rktf od jkclftisktiol k`so kddfbts siclk`s kt thfsf drfquflbifs kla k crfktfr afcrff od sortilc is possie`f. Cfojftry

Qhf cfojftry od k bojpolflt ulafr tfst bkusfs jkly aiddibu`tifs il faay burrflt tfsts. K burvfa pifbf od jftk` wi`` oevious`y hkvf k aiddfrflt `idt odd rfspolsf to k d`kt olf kla thf facf fddfbt (Dicurf ;3) bkl aistort thf faay burrflt dif`a kla proaubf k `krcf siclk`. Lotf thkt il Dicurf ;3 thf `idt odd is kssujfa ef bolstklt, hks ks effl sftilbrfksfs to ef horizoltk` ol thf aisp`ky bkusilc k to afd`fbtiol to thf `fdt `idt odd kla thf ilitik` bolaitiols krf with thf proef ol thf jftk`. Qhis sft up is lorjk` dor brkbm tfstilc. Cfojftribk` fddfbts bkl ef rfaubfa ey proef afsicl whibh dits thf surdkbf (fc proefs dor dkl e`kafs or eo`t ho`fs) or ey thf usf od shif`afa proefs.  Klothfr dfkturf od thf cfojftry is thf kbtuk` thibmlfss od thf jktfrik` ulafr tfst. Oevious`y id thf faay burrflts pflftrktf thf du`` thibmlfss thfrf wi`` ef sojf fddfbt whfl thf thibmlfss bhklcfs. Qhis usuk``y `ooms sojfthilc `imf k bolaubtivity bhklcf ol thf aisp`ky (Dicurf ;8). eut thf phksf klc`f rf`ktivf to `idt odd bkl vkry bolsiafrke`y ks thf `ijits od thibmlfss sflsitivity dor k pkrtibu`kr drfquflby krf rfkbhfa. Riclk`s droj thibmlfss bhklcfs krf usfa to aftfbt `oss od jftk` auf to borrosiol il ju`ti `kyfr strubturfs kla tuefs.

Dicurf ;3  Fddfbt  Fddfbt ol ilitik` bolaitiols od boi` kpprokbhilc kl facf.

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Dicurf ;8  Fddfbt  Fddfbt ol ilitik` bolaitiols od boi` kpprokbhilc k thillfr sfbtiol.

Brkbms

Dortulktf`y jost jktfrik`s hkvf bolstklt propfrtifs kla `idt odd kla cfojftribk` fddfbts bkl ef rfaubfa to subh kl fxtflt thkt surdkbf brkbms bkl ef aftfbtfa. Qhfy dorbf thf faay burrflts to d`ow roula kla ulafr thfj civilc k siclk` ks showl il Dicurf ;9. Qhf phksf klc`f proaubfa eftwffl thf siclk` dor thf brkbm kla thkt od `idt odd afpflas ol thf drfquflby thf jktfrik` kla thf proef afsicl. It bkl ef fstijktfa fjpiribk``y droj kl ijpfaklbf p`klf aikcrkj eut k stuay od this is efyola thf sbopf od this krtib`f

Dicurf ;9 Fddfbt ol ilitik` bolaitiols od brkbm il jftk` surdkbf.

Wrkbtibk` tfstilc

It wou`a ef ijpossie`f to civf bojp`ftf aftki`s hfrf od k crfkt jkly prkbtibk` tfsts, howfvfr, it is possie`f to cflfrk`isf ol thf eksib stfps to tkmf whfl afsiclilc k tfst. Qhfsf krf ks do``ows> ; B`kssidy thf tfst. Qhis shou`a lot ef aiddibu`t. It is sijp`y afbiailc id thf kpp`ibktiol is brkbm aftfbtiol, jftk` sortilc tuef ilspfbtiol or thibmlfss

jfksurfjflt (or k`` od thfj).

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5 Bhoosf thf drfquflby drfquflby>> Qo ao this it is l lfbfsskry fbfsskry to mlow thf bolaubtivity kla jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity od thf jktfrik` ulafr tfst. It is k`so lfbfsskry to mlow thf jktfrik` thibmlfss. Ro thkt k hich flouch drfquflby is usfa to aftfbt surdkbf brkbms or kvoia thibmlfss siclk`s whfl jftk` sortilc= or k `ow flouch drfquflby is usfa to pflftrktf dor sue-surdkbf tfsts. K jorf bojprfhflsivf vfrsiol od Dicurf ;2 with `ilfs arkwl ol dor thf pkrtibu`kr jktfrik`s ulafr tfst is lfbfsskry. Ufjfjefr thkt Dicurf ;2 ol`y shows thf stklakra afpth od pflftrktiol. Jost ilstrujflts bkl aftfbt jftk` `oss kt crfktfr afpths. 2 Bhoosf thf proef proef>> Qhfrf krf thous thousklas klas od proef af afsicls. sicls. Faa Faay y burrflt proefs krf jubh jorf kpp`ibktiol afpflaflt thkl dor fxkjp`f, u`trksolib proefs. Qhf afsicl od thf proef is `krcf`y afbiafa ey spfbidyilc thf kpp`ibktiol kla thf drfquflby. Qhf lfxt aftki`s krf thf kbtuk` aijflsiols od thf pkrt kla thf kbbfss. Dor fxkjp`f k proef jkmfr wou`a lffa to mlow thf tuef aikjftfr dor `A proefs, ho`f aikjftfr kla `flcth dor eo`t ho`f proefs kla wou`a lffa to mlow id thf bojpolflt is tfstfa throuch k sjk`` kbbfss ho`f or roula k borlfr. Qhfl thf optijuj bhoibf od keso`utf aiddfrfltik` or rfd`fbtiol proefs just ef jkaf (k`thouch tfjpfrkturf, thf kpp`ibktiol odtfl rouch afbiafs this). Qhf flviroljflt (dor fxkjp`f, borrosiol, surdkbfs. kla ruccfalfss) shou`a k`so ef spfbidifa ks thfsf hf`p to aftfrjilf thf jktfrik`s usfa dor proef bolstrubtiol. 1 Bhoosf thf ilstrujflt> Hkvilc aftfrjilfa your kpp`ibktiol kla drfquflby your ilstrujflt bhoibf bkl ef jkaf ey ksmilc thf do``owilc qufstiols> kla la thf typf od tfst rfquirfa (low   Aofs it bovfr thf drfquflby rklcf k kla thf duturf). Qhis wou`a aftfrjilf whfthfr afaibktfa or vfrskti`f fquipjflt is rfquirfa?   Si`` suit thf flviroljflt?   Is k sijp`f aisp aisp`ky `ky rfquirfa or olf with sojf iltfrprftktiol bkpkei`ity?   Aofs it hkvf thf richt di`tfrs/k`krjs?   Aofs it proau proaubf bf th thf f richt outputs dor kl kly y rfbo rfborailc railc rf rfquirfa? quirfa? 6 Jkmf k rfprfsfltktivf bk`ierktiol skjp`f. skjp`f. Qhis wi`` ef lfbfsskry to sft up thf ckil kla phksf od thf fquipjflt to civf optijuj rfspolsf dor thf tfst efilc bkrrifa out. Bolb`usiol

Sf`` id you hkvf jklkcfa to do``ow jf throuch this krtib`f you wi`` low hkvf k rfksolke`f iafk how faay burrflt tfsts krf bkrrifa out kla how thf siclk`s krf proaubfa kla aisp`kyfa tocfthfr with sojf hilts ol how to cft stkrtfa od boursf this is ol`y thf efcillilc. I hkvf lot kttfjptfa to bovfr il aftki`, dor fxkjp`f afsicl od proefs dor pkrtibu`kr kpp`ibktiols, usf od ju`ti

drfquflbifs aftki`fa iltfrprftktiol od thf p`klf aisp`ky. K bolsiafrke`fkla kjoult od fddort hks k`so colf iltoijpfaklbf k thforftibk` ulafrstklailc od thf faay burrflt probfss (thkt is tryilc to kttkbh fquktiols kla lujefrs

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to thf birb`fs kla krrows I hkvf bolvfliflt`y arkwl without too jubh fxp`klktiol). Qhfrf is sti`` k crfkt afk` to ef aolf il this krfk kla k crfktfr ulafrstklailc wi`` `fka to efttfr fquipjflt kla k wiafr rklcf od kpp`ibktiols.

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   KL ILQUOAVBQIOL QO KBDJ

J.B. @ucc

Qfbhlibk` Rodtwkrf Bolsu`tklts @ta. 4 Ji`` Rqukrf, Dfkthfrstolf Uoka, So`vfrtol Ji``, Ji`tol Mfylfs, JM;5 RUE VLIQFA MILCAOJ

57

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Kl Iltroaubtiol to KBDJ Qhf KBDJ Qfbhliquf

Qhf kb dif`a jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) tfbhliquf wks afvf`opfa droj thf KB potfltik` arop (KBWA) tfbhliquf to bojeilf thf kei`ity od KBWA to sizf without bk`ierktiol with thf kei`ity od faay burrflt tfbhliqufs to worm without f`fbtribk` boltkbt. Qhis is kbhifvfa ey jkiltkililc thf ulidorj ilput dif`a (ilaubfa rkthfr thkl ilnfbtfa) eut jfksurilc thf jkclftib dif`as keovf thf spfbijfl surdkbf ilstfka od thf surdkbf vo`tkcfs. Qhf jkil kij od eoth KBWA kla KBDJ is to kvoia bk`ierktiol ol krtidibik` afdfbts whflfvfr possie`f efbkusf subh bk`ierktiol is mlowl to ef prolf to frror dor k lujefr od rfksols>  

Qhfrf is ilbrfksfa sbopf dor opfrktor frror

 

Qhf bk`ierktiol pifbf is lot rfprfsfltktivf>

 

K s`ot aofs lot efhkvf f`fbtribk``y `imf k brkbm - Qhf s`ot is(iful`imf`y ef ilHK^. k jktfrik` `obktiol pkrflt to p`ktf, wf`a). rfprfsfltktivf od thf brkbm - Qhf s`ot is lot cf cflfrk``y lfrk``y il k cfo cfojftry jftry rfprfsfltktivf od thf brkbm `obktiol. - Bk`ierktiol bkl ol`y ef vk`ia dor thf af afdfbt dfbt `flcth usfa e efbkusf fbkusf brkbm `flcth ild`uflbfs thf afpth siclk`.

 Ks with thf KBWA tfbhliquf, kl k`tfrlktilc burrflt pkssilc throuch k bolaubtor is dorbfa to d`ow il k thil `kyfr ol tthf hf outfr surdkbf. Qhf thibmlfss od thf burrflt-bkrryilc `kyfr, thf so-bk``fa smil afpth, α is civfl ey> α : (χςΰr ΰod )

-;/5

 

whfrf ς is thf f`fbtribk` bolaubtivity od thf jktfrik` ΰr  is  is its rf`ktivf jkclftib pfrjfkei`ity ΰo  is thf pfrjfkei`ity od drff spkbf, kla d is thf drfquflby od thf kpp`ifa k`tfrlktilc burrflt. Jktfrik`s od hich pfrjfkei`ity or bolaubtivity thus hkvf rf`ktivf`y sjk`` smil afpths. Kt k drfquflby od keout 6mHz, dor fxkjp`f, dfrrojkclftib ji`a stff` hks k smil afpth od orafr 7.;jj hich bolaubtivity jktfrik`s subh ks k`ujiliuj, tulcstfl kla zilb hkvf smil afpths od ;-5jj kla `ow bolaubtivity jftk`s subh ks titkliuj, stkil`fss stff` kla Ilbolf` hkvf smil afpths od 6-8jj. Qhf tfbhliqufs krf thus rfstribtfa jkil`y to surdkbf or lfkr-surdkbf afdfbts.  Ks with KBWA, thf sizilc bkpkei`ity iafk``y usfs thforftibk` joaf``ilc od thf fxpfbtfa proef jfksurfjflts. Qhis hks so dkr ol`y effl bkrrifa out dor

jktfrik`s k thil smilΰdor thf rf`ktivfwith pfrjfkei`ity,   KBDJ kla thf so`utiol is thfl afpflaflt ol

5;

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Qhf KBDJ tfbhliquf is fksifr to afp`oy thkl KBWA eut thf siclk`s krf hkrafr to iltfrprft. K sujjkry od thf aiddfrflbfs eftwffl thf two tfbhliqufs is civfl il Qke`f ;. Qke`f ; Rujjkry od aiddfrflbfs eftwffl KBWA kla KBDJ Wropfrty

KBWA

KBDJ

Qhforftibk` brkbm afpth iltfrprftktiol

Yfs

Yfs

Bk`ierktiol rfquirfa

Lo

Lo

Brkbm afpth jfksurfjflt

Yfs

Yfs

Jkxijuj afpth

Lo `ijit

Keout 27jj

Brkbm `flcth jfksurfjflt

Rojftijfs aiddibu`t

Yfs

Brkbm aftfbtiol kla `obktiol

Lo

Yfs

Sorms throuch boktilcs kla sbk`f

Lo

Yfs

Ufquirfs b`fklilc to ericht jftk`

Yfs

Lo

Ufquirfs bojputfr (ks wf`` ks ilstrujflt)

Lo

Yfs

Opfrktor smi`` rfquirfa

@ow-jfaiuj

Jfaiuj-hich

Rtorkcf od aktk

Yfs (ol ilstrujflt)

Yfs (ol bojputfr)

Il KBWA ol`y olf bojpolflt od thf surdkbf f`fbtrib dif`a is jfksurfa silbf thf vo`tkcf proef is k`wkys p`kbfa pkrk``f` to thf ilput burrflt d`ow. Il  KBDJ, ol thf othfr hkla, usf bkl ef jkaf od k`` thrff bojpolflts od thf jkclftib dif`a, k`thouch usuk``y ol`y two t wo bojpolflts krf lffafa. Qhf thrff bojpolflts krf afdilfa il Dicurf ;.

Dicurf ; Bojpolflts od jkclftib dif`a dor KBDJ

Qhf Y bojpolflt, Ey, is pkrk``f` to thf ilput burrflt, thf X bojpolflt, Ex, is pfrpflaibu`kr to thf burrflt kla pkrk``f` to thf jftk` surdkbf, kla thf ^ bojpolflt, Ez, is pfrpflaibu`kr to thf jftk` surdkbf. Dor afp`oyjflt ol dkticuf brkbmfa wf`a tofs dor fxkjp`f whfrf k brkbm is pkrk``f` to thf wf`a,

thf x-airfbtiol wi`` ef pkrk``f` to thf brkbm facf.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Il cflfrk` tfrjs, thf thforftibk` joaf``ilc shows thkt thf jkclftib dif`a bojpolflts krf rf`ktfa to thf rktfs od bhklcf od thf surdkbf potfltik` aiddfrflbfs. Sith lo afdfbt prfsflt kla k ulidorj burrflt d`owilc il thf yairfbtiol, thf jkclftib dif`a is ulidorj il thf x-airfbtiol pfrpflaibu`kr to thf burrflt d`ow, whi`f thf othfr two bojpolflts. Ey kla Ez, krf zfro. Qhf prfsflbf od k afdfbt aivfrts burrflt kwky droj thf affpfst pkl kla bolbfltrktfs it lfkr thf flas od k brkbm (or ol fithfr siaf od k pit). Qhf fddfbt od this is to proaubf strolc pfkms kla trouchs il Ey kla Ez (keovf thf flas od k brkbm or spkbfa il k squkrf kroula k pit), whi`f Ex shows k eroka aip k`olc thf who`f afdfbt. Kl fxkjp`f od thf Ex kla Ez siclk`s keovf k brkbm is showl il thf bhkrt rfborafr p`ot ol thf `fdt il Dicurf 5, whi`f k quk`itktivf fxp`klktiol od thf siclk`s is showl il Dicurf 2.  KBDJ proefs cflfrk``y jfksurf Ex kla Ez, thf dorjfr efilc usilc to fstijktf brkbm afpth kla thf `kttfr civilc kl fstijktf od brkbm `flcth - thf jfksurfjflt od Ey is usfa to aisbrijilktf eftwffl k brkbm kla k pit. Kavkltkcfs od KBDJ ovfr bolvfltiolk` faay burrflts

Qhf jkil rivk` to KBDJ ks dkr ks aftfbtilc kla sizilc surdkbf-erfkmilc afdfbts is bolbfrlfa is thf kla faaybolvfltiolk` burrflt (FB)FB tfbhliquf. sujjkry aiddfrflbfs eftwffl KBDJ is civfl ilK Qke`f 5. od thf Qke`f 5 Rujjkry od aiddfrflbfs eftwffl KBDJ kla faay burrflts Wropfrty

KBDJ

Faay burrflt

Qhforftibk` brkbm afpth iltfrprftktiol

Yfs

Lo

Bk`ierktiol rfquirfa

Lo

Yfs

Brkbm afpth jfksurfjflt

Yfs

Yfs

Jkxijuj afpth

Keout 27jj

Keout 6jj

Brkbm `flcth jfksurfjflt

Yfs

Yfs

Brkbm aftfbtiol kla `obktiol

Yfs

Yfs

Opfrktor smi`` rfquirfa Fksy afp`oyjflt il trklsitiol rfciol (fc wf`a)

Jfaiuj-hich Yfs

Hich Lo

Qhf jkil arkwekbms od FB krisf droj thf usf od k bojpkbt birbu`kr fxbitktiol burrflt. Qhis rfsu`ts il k vfry sflsitivf aftfbtiol bkpkei`ity, eut k`so jkmfs thf tfbhliquf prolf to strolc `idt odd siclk`s kla siclk`s auf to jktfrik` propfrty bhklcfs. Qhf lol-ulidorj lkturf od thf burrflt k`so `ijits its sflsitivity to affp afdfbts efbkusf thf burrflt aofs lot d`ow to thf eottoj. Qhf jost ijportklt bolsfquflbf howfvfr is thf ilkei`ity to joaf` thf burrflt d`ow il k cflfrk` wky jkmilc it lfbfsskry to usf bk`ierktiol tfbhliqufs dor sizilc. Wrkbtibk` afp`oyjflt

Qhf stklakra KBDJ proefs boltkil eoth thf dif`a ilaubtiol ulit kla thf jkclftib dif`a sflsors il olf iltfcrk` proef hfka. Lo f`fbtribk` bollfbtiol is rfquirfa to thf strubturf efilc ilspfbtfa, so k jilijuj od b`fklilc is

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

rfquirfa il pkrtibu`kr, rust or protfbtivf boktilcs subh ks pkilt lffa lot ef rfjovfa efdorf ilspfbtiol. Ilaffa thf tfbhliquf hks effl usfa subbfssdu``y throuch up to 6jj od lol-bolaubtivf b`kaailc. Wroef afp`oyjflt

Qhf bke`fs bkrryilc thf ilput burrflt kla thf output vo`tkcfs rul tocfthfr il k silc`f proef ujei`ibk` so thkt lo spfbik` prfbkutiol is lffafa to mffp thfj kpkrt ks with KBWA. Bkrf shou`a ef tkmfl to prfvflt thf ujei`ibk` trki`ilc k`olc thf strubturf b`osf to thf proef hfka, howfvfr, efbkusf this bkl k`tfr thf ilaubfa dif`a strflcth.  K lujefr od aiddfrflt KBDJ proef typfs fxist, fkbh olf purposf afsiclfa dor k pkrtibu`kr kpp`ibktiol kla it is ijportklt to usf thf richt proef dor k pkrtibu`kr noe. Qhf stklakra wf`a proef shou`a ef usfa dor jost ilspfbtiols silbf it hks kl optijisfa physibk` stkei`ity to rfaubf spurious siclk`s. Il boltrkst, pflbi` proefs shou`a ol`y ef usfa whfl lo othfr proef bkl ckil kbbfss efbkusf thfir sjk`` boltkbt krfk jkmfs thfj prolf to robmilc kla twistilc. Qhf proefs afsiclfa prijkri`y rul Kk`olc thf `ilf to wi`` ef do``owfa ey kkrf brkbm subh ks k wf`atotof. stklakra wf`afxpfbtfa ilspfbtiol thfrfdorf ilvo`vf two proef pkssfs, olf k`olc fkbh wf`a tof. K stklakra  KBDJ proef bkl ilspfbt kl krfk keout ;7jj fithfr siaf od thf proef bfltrf so thkt bojp`ftf wf`as up to 57jj wiaf bkl ef ilspfbtfa il this wky. Dor wiafr wf`as kaaitiolk` sbkls k`olc thf wf`a bkp krf rfquirfa. Dor ilspfbtiol od kl krfk whfrf lo prfdfrrfa brkbm orifltktiol fxists, two sbkls krf jkaf with orthocolk` proef orifltktiols. K`tfrlktivf`y krrky proefs bkl ef usfa whibh boltkil ;77 or so sfpkrktf sflsors to bovfr `krcf krfks jorf quibm`y. Qkmilc jfksurfjflts

Du`` aftki`s od thf ilspfbtiol opfrktiol krf afsbriefa il thf kppropriktf ilstrujflt jkluk`s kla ilspfbtiol probfaurfs. Erifd`y kl ilspfbtiol bolsists od k sfrifs od ilitik` proef sbkls dor aftfbtiol, bovfrilc thf who`f krfk il ovfr`kppilc `flcths. Afdfbt aftfbtiol is possie`f ey wktbhilc dor boilbiaflt afviktiols il thf tijf eksf p`ots od Ex kla Ez Howfvfr k bojpositf p`ot bk``fa k euttfrd`y p`ot hks effl afvf`opfa to fksf aftfbtiol.  K euttfrd`y p`ot bolsists od k p`ot od Ex rfkailc vfrsus Ez. Dicurf 5 shows kl fxkjp`f od tijf eksf kla euttfrd`y p`ots oetkilfa droj k sijp`f afdfbt. Qhf euttfrd`y p`ot shows k `oop whibh stkrts droj thf top kla rfturls to thf skjf rfciol od thf sbrffl whfl k afdfbt is prfsflt. Qhf euttfrd`y p`ot hks thf tijf eksf rfjovfa kla so is ilafpflaflt od thf spffa od proef jovfjflt. Kly sbkls proaubilc siclidibklt `oops il thf euttfrd`y p`ot wou`a ef rfsbkllfa dor boldirjktiol.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 

Dicurf 5 Fxkjp`f od bhkrt rfborafr kla euttfrd`y p`ots droj k afdfbt.

Dicurf 2 [uk`itktivf fxp`klktiol od thf lkturf od Ex kla Ez keovf k lotbh.

Brkbm sizilc

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Hkvilc doula k afdfbt ilaibktiol, k brkbm sizf fstijktf is jkaf ks do``ows. Qhf `flcth is doula ey jovilc thf proef k`olc thf wf`a ulti` thf Ez pfkm kssobiktfa with olf fla od thf afdfbt is jkxijisfa. Qhf proef positiol is thfl jkrmfa ol thf spfbijfl, usilc k jkclftib krrow dor fxkjp`f. Qhf Ez trouch kssobiktfa with thf othfr fla is siji`kr`y jkrmfa kla thf aistklbf eftwffl thfj is jfksurfa with k d`fxie`f tkpf. Qhis `flcth is b`osf to thf truf afdfbt `flcth kla is usfa ks kl ilput to thf sizilc routilf. Qwo jfksurfjflts krf tkmfl droj thf Ex p`ot. Qhfsf krf thf ekbmcroula `fvf` fithfr siaf od thf afdfbt, kla thf jilijuj vk`uf il thf jiaa`f od thf afdfbt trkbf. Qhfsf two siclk` `fvf`s kla thf ilitik` brkbm `flcth fstijktf krf thfl fltfrfa ilto k sodtwkrf routilf whibh sfkrbhfs throuch thforftibk``y eksfa `oom-up tke`fs to proaubf dilk` fstijktfs od thf `flcth kla afpth od thf afdfbt. Kpp`ibktiol Krfks

Qhf KBDJ tfbhliquf hks effl usfa il k wiaf vkrifty od situktiols silbf its ilitik` afvf`opjflt il ;984. Rilbf ;99; it hks effl usfa routilf`y dor thf ilspfbtiol od ulafrwktfr strubturfs il thf Lorth Rfk, Irish Rfk kla odd thf VR bokst kla is k`so efilc usfa il thf lub`fkr, stff` kla rki`wky ilaustrifs ks wf`` ks rfsfkrbh fstke`ishjflts.  K stklakra rklcf od ilstrujflts is proaubfa dor `keorktory (ju`tibhkllf`), ol-sitf, kla ulafrwktfr ilspfbtiol. Rilbf thf fkr`y akys od thf tfbhliquf, howfvfr, spfbik`ist kpp`ibktiols hkvf effl rfboclisfa kla bktfrfa dor. Qhfsf hkvf ilb`uafa thf do``owilc purposf eui`t proefs/ilspfbtiol systfjs>  

Kutojktfa thrfka ilspfbtiol systfj do dorr ari`` pipf k kla la bo bo``kr ``kr bol bollfbtiols lfbtiols with du``y kutojktfa iltfrprftktiol.

 

Uuccfaisfa arop-prood ilstrujflts dor prfssurf vfssf` ilspfbtiol.

 

Wroefs dor hich tfjpfrkturf (677·B) jolitorilc/ilspfbtiol systfj o ol l probfss p`klt.

 

Wroefs dor brkbm crowth jolitorilc ulafr lfutrol irrkaiktiol.

 

Krrky systfjs dor rkpia jkluk` or kutojktfa ilspfbtiol.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Fxpfriflbfs il thf Vsf od KBDJ dor Oddshorf W`ktdorj Ilspfbtiol il Erkzi` Drklbisbo Bkr`os U Jkrqufs  WFQUOEUKR - Erkzi` Jkrbus. Tilibius J Jkrtils  WFQUOEUKR - Erkzi` Akvia K Qopp  QRB Ilspfbtiol Rystfjs³- Flc`kla Mfyworas> LAQ, KBDJ, JWI, Ruesfk, Ilspfbtiol, Oddshorf p`ktdorjs Kestrkbt

Qhf k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt (KBDJ ) tfbhliquf is low wiaf`y usfa il thf Oi` kla Cks Ilaustry dor il sfrvibf ilspfbtiol. Qhf tfbhliquf is routilf`y usfa eoth sue-sfk kla topsiaf dor strubturk` wf`a ilspfbtiol kla is bkpke`f od eoth aftfbtilc kla sizilc surdkbf-erfkmilc brkbms. WFQUOEUKR, thf Erkzi`ikl Rtktf Oi` Bojpkly hks rfbflt`y iltroaubfa  KBDJ ilspfbtiol ks pkrt od .thfir routilf strubturk` ilspfbtiol procrkjjfs dor thfir oddshorf p`ktdorjs. Qhis hks proaubfa fxbf``flt rfsu`ts aurilc eoth `keorktory tfsts kla fxpfrijfltk` dif`a sfrvibfs bkrrifa out aurilc thf pkst 5 yfkrs il Erkzi`. Qhf jkil dif`a kpp`ibktiol od thf tfbhliquf hks effl ulafrwktfr Bojpkrfa ilspfbtiol odtostrubturk` wf`as ol eoth dixfajfthoas, kla d`oktilc oddshorf p`ktdorjs. bolvfltiolk` ilspfbtiol fjp`oyilc³ Jkclftib Wkrtib`f Ilspfbtiol (JWI), thf usf od KBDJ hks rfsu`tfa il suestkltik` bost skvilcs k``ifa with ijprovfjflts il ilspfbtiol i lspfbtiol rf`ikei`ity. Shfl iltroaubilc k lfw ilspfbtiol tfbhliquf, it is lfbfsskry to bolsiafr jkly kspfbts kla to fvk`uktf thf bkpkei`itifs od thf tfbhliquf il thf `keorktory prior to ijp`fjfltktiol oddshorf. It is k`so lfbfsskry to propfr`y bolsiafr thf afvf`opjflt kla fvk`uktiol od kppropriktf ilspfbtiol probfaurfs kla thf trkililc od pfrsollf`. Qhis pkpfr afsbriefs thf KBDJ jfthoa kla how it hks effl kpp`ifa to suesfk strubturk` wf`a ilspfbtiol il Erkzi`. It k`so bolsiafrs thf rfquirfjflts dor iltroaubilc lfw ilspfbtiol tfbhlo`ocy ilto k jknor Oi` Bojpkly kla thf lffa dor bross bojpkrisol with fxistilc ilspfbtiol jfthoas. Qhf rfquirfjflts dor thf afvf`opjflt od opfrktor trkililc kla bfrtidibktiol sbhfjfs krf k`so bolsiafrfa kla thf kpprokbh kaoptfa ey WFQUOEUKR to thfsf bhk``flcfs fxp`kilfa. Dilk``y thf rfsu`ts droj ilspfbtiols od k lujefr od dixfa kla d`oktilc oddshorf p`ktdorjs krf prfsfltfa whibh show bost skvilcs od kpproxijktf`y $;,677,777 ovfr k two yfkr pfrioa bojpkrfa to bolvfltiolk` JWI. Iltroaubtiol

WFQUOEUKR krf p`kllilc kl ilbrfksf il Erkzi`ikl oi` proaubtiol kla jubh od this is dobussfa ol thfir oddshorf oi` rfsfrvfs. Qhf Erkzi`ikl bokst`ilf is il fxbfss od 8777 mi`ojftrfs kla WFQUOEUKR low opfrktf jorf thkl ;77 oddshorf p`ktdorjs, 56% od whibh krf joei`f (d`oktilc) strubturfs. Oddshorf p`ktdorjs opfrktf il k hkrsh flviroljflt kla krf suenfbtfa to k

vkrifty od byb`ibauf `okas auf to wila klatowkvfs. il sojf bksfs `fka to afcrkaktiol to dkticuf. Il orafr flsurfQhis thf bkl rf`ikei`ity od thf oddshorf opfrktiols it is lfbfsskry to jolitor thf bolaitiol od thf strubturfs to

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

flsurf thkt strubturk` iltfcrity is efilc jkiltkilfa. Qo kbhifvf this, kla il thf bksf od joei`f p`ktdorjs, to bojp`y with B`kssidibktiol Robifty Uu`fs kla Ufcu`ktiols, routilf strubturk` ilspfbtiols krf bkrrifa out. Bolvfltiolk` ilspfbtiol jfthoas subh ks Jkclftib Wkrtib`f Ilspfbtiol (JWI) bkl kbboult dor jorf thkl 67% od thf totk` ilspfbtiol bosts. Shfl kpp`ifa ulafrwktfr, thf bost od JWI bkl ilbrfksf siclidibklt`y auf to hich `fvf`s od b`fklilc rfquirfa kla auf to bolstrkilts ol bolaubtilc thf ilspfbtilc auf to thf sfk stktf, burrflts kla visiei`ity. QRB Ilspfbtiol Rystfjs, k VM Bojpkly hks afvf`opfa kl ilspfbtiol jfthoa bk``fa KBDJ (K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt) whibh bkl ef usfa ks kl k`tfrlktivf to JWI. KBDJ fquipjflt hks effl afvf`opfa spfbidibk``y dor suesfk ilspfbtiol kla is wiaf`y usfa kroula thf wor`a dor thf ilspfbtiol od oddshorf p`ktdorjs. WFQUOEUKR wfrf dirst jkaf kwkrf od thf KBDJ tfbhliquf kt kl LAQ Bolcrfss il;991 kla rfboclisfa thf potfltik` kavkltkcfs eoth il tfrjs od thf tfbhliquf itsf`d kla thf potfltik` bost skvilcs. WFQUOEUKR thfl fjekrmfa ol k probfss od rfsfkrbh kla fvk`uktiol to dirst kssfss thf bkpkei`itifs od thf KBDJ tfbhliqufilspfbtiol kla to fxp`orf thf wky il whibh it bou`a ef ilborporktfa ilto thfir oddshorf kbtivitifs. Qhfsf stuaifs wfrf bolaubtfa ey its rfsfkrbh bfltrf kla with thf Fxp`orktiol kla Wroaubtiol Afpkrtjflt kla kssfssfa thf> bkpkei`itifs od thf KBDJ tfbhliquf dor oddshorf strubturf ilspfbtiol (topsiaf kla suesfk) kla k`so dor ilaustrik` prfssurf vfssf` ilspfbtiol. i lspfbtiol. Qhf KBDJ Qfbhliquf

Qhf KBDJ jfthoa is kl f`fbtrojkclftib ilspfbtiol tfbhliquf whibh bkl ef usfa to aftfbt kla sizf surdkbf-erfkmilc (or il sojf bksfs lfkr surdkbf) afdfbts il eoth jkclftib kla lol-jkclftib jktfrik`s. KBDJ is k burrflt pfrturektiol tfbhliquf kla is dulakjfltk``y aiddfrflt to bolvfltiolk` faay burrflt tfbhliqufs. Shfl k k`tfrlktilc burrflt d`ows il k bolaubtor it d`ows il k smil do``owilc thf surdkbf. Id k surdkbf-erfkmilc brkbm is prfsflt, this othfrwisf ulidorj shfft od burrflt is aisturefa=, Qhfrf is k jkclftib dif`a kssobiktfa with this f`fbtribk` dif`a kla thf jkclftib dif`a aistureklbfs (kssobiktfa with thf f`fbtribk` burrflt aistureklbfs) bkl ef jfksurfa usilc jkclftib dif`a sflsors. K`thouch thf rfsu`tilc jkclftib dif`a is bojp`fx bojpolflts bkl ef bhosfl whibh k``ow aistureklbfs auf to brkbms to ef iafltidifa kla qukltidifa. Dicurf ; shows how thf f`fbtribk` dif`a is aisturefa ol thf surdkbf ey thf prfsflbf od k brkbm. Il prkbtibf, two bojpolflts od thf jkclftib dif`a krf jfksurfa, Ex k`olc thf `flcth od thf afdfbt, whibh rfspolas to bhklcfs il

surdkbf burrflt aflsity kla civfs kl ilaibktiol brkbm afpth klabkusfa Ez whibh civfs k lfcktivf kla positivf rfspolsf kt fithfrodfla od thf afdfbt ey burrflt cflfrktfa po`fs, kla thus civfs kl ilaibktiol od `flcth.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Il stklakra kpp`ibktiols two dif`a sflsors krf usfa kla thfsf krf ilborporktfa ilto k proef hfka whibh k`so iltroaubfs thf ulidorj burrflt ilto thf bojpolflt usilc k dif`a ilaubfr. Qhf proef aofs lot rfquirf kly spfbik` sbkllilc pkttfrls. Il orafr to ilspfbt dor wf`a tof brkbms thf proef is sijp`y jovfa k`olc thf wf`a tof. Rilbf thf siclk`s proaubfa il thf sflsors wfrf fxtrfjf`y sjk``, QRB hkvf afvf`opfa kl ilstrujflt cflfrk``y rfdfrrfa to ks thf Brkbm Jibrockucf, whibh boltro`s thf ilaubilc dif`a kla kjp`idifs kla aicitisfs thf sflsor rfkailcs. K`` dulbtiols krf ulafr thf boltro` od kl oleokra jibroprobfssor, whibh sflas aktk to k stklakra `kptop WB. Rpfbik`ist Silaows sodtwkrf is usfa to boltro` thf ilspfbtiol kla aisp`ky kla storf thf rfsu`ts. Dicurf5 shows k typibk` KBDJ aktk aisp`ky proaubfa whfl thf proef is sbkllfa ovfr k afdfbt. Il thf `fdt-hkla siaf od thf sbrffl thf Ex kla Ez rfkailcs krf p`ottfa. K afdfbt is ilaibktfa ey k trouch il thf Ex p`ot thf affpfst poilt boilbiailc with thf affpfst pkrt od thf brkbm, kssobiktfa with k pfkm kla trouch il thf Ez p`ot, whibh ilaibktfs thf `obktiol od thf brkbm flas. Qo kia il iltfrprftktiol thf Ex kla Ez rfkailcs krf p`ottfa kckilst othfr richt hkla od thf sbrffl whfrf k bhkrkbtfristib `oop isfkbh dorjfa il ol thfthf prfsflbf od ksiaf afdfbt. Qhis aisp`ky bk``fa thf euttfrd`y p`ot is uliquf to KBDJ kla efbkusf it is ilsflsitivf to proef spffa, crfkt`y flhklbfs iltfrprftktiol. Olbf k afdfbt is iafltidifa thf afpth bkl ef aftfrjilfa ey fltfrilc thf `flcth od thf afdfbt doula ey jkrmilc thf `obktiols od thf Ez pfkm kla trouch ol thf skjp`f kla bhoosilc two poilts droj thf Ex trkbf. Qhf sodtwkrf k`corithjs ilstklt`y rfturl k vk`uf dor brkbm `flcth kla afpth whibh is aisp`kyfa keovf thf afdfbt ilaibktiol ol thf sbrffl. Fquipjflt usfa il thf stuaifs

Qhf fquipjflt usfa il thf stuaifs hks effl spfbidibk``y afvf`opfa dor suesfk opfrktiol kla is bkpke`f od opfrktilc il wktfr afpths up to 277j thf ulafrwktfr systfj is showl sbhfjktibk``y il Dicurf 2 kla bojprisfs>  

K `kptop WB whibh kbts ks systfj boltro boltro``fr. ``fr. Qhis bo boltro`s ltro`s k`` od thf dulbtiols od thf systfj kla proviafs thf aktk aisp`ky. K`` aktk is k`so storfa il thf WB.

 

Qhf tops topsiaf iaf ulit proviafs thf iltfrdkbf eftwffl thf suesf suesfk k ulit kla thf WB. Qhf suesfk ulit is powfrfa ey ;;7T droj thf surdkbf kla thf topsiaf ulit k`so proviafs skdfty but out to protfbt thf aivfr.

 

Qhf s suesfk uesfk ulit is k prfss prfssurf urf hous housilc ilc boltkilil boltkililc c thf systfj f f`fbtrolibs `fbtrolibs kla is bollfbtfa to thf topsiaf ulit vik k spfbik` ujei`ibk`.

 

267j u ujei`ibk` jei`ibk` whibh bkrrifs powf powfrr kla bojjulibktiols eftwffl thf topsiaf kla suesfk ulits.

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 

Ilspfbtiol proefs wh whibh ibh krf bollfbtfa to thf suesfk ulit us usilc ilc ulafrwktfr jk``fke`f bollfbtors.

Bo``fbtilc aktk

Ilspfbtiols krf bkrrifa out ey sbkllilc thf bhosfl proef k`olc thf wf`a tofs. @olc wf`as krf ilspfbtfa usilc k sfrifs od ovfr`kppilc sbkls (to flsurf du`` bovfrkcf). Rbkllilc spffas od kpproxijktf`y ;7jj/sfbola krf usfa. Qhf aktk is aisp`kyfa kla storfa ol thf WB boltro``fr kla bkl id rfquirfa ef rfp`kyfa. Aktk klk`ysis

Qhf proef opfrktor (aivfr) Dicurf1 hks lo aktk aisp`ky kla is lot kl ilspfbtiol spfbik`ist. Qhf ilspfbtor cflfrk``y wktbhfs thf rfk` tijf aisp`ky ks thf proef is sbkllfa kla `ooms dor thf bhkrkbtfristib afdfbt siclk`s. Aktk bkl ef rfp`kyfa kt kly tijf kla this k``ows aktk to ef rfvifwfa/kuaitfa fvfl kt k aiddfrflt sitf ey bopyilc thf aktk olto k aismfttf or trklsdfrrilc vik Fjki`. Qrkililc kla bfrtidibktiol

 Ks with kly it is ijportklt thktdorilspfbtors krf propfr`y trkilfa kla ilspfbtiol bfrtidifa. tfbhliquf Qrkililc kla bfrtidibktiol KBDJ opfrktors is kvki`ke`f ulafr @`oyas, BRSIW kla WBL sbhfjfs. WFQUOEUKR ilitik``y sflt dour flcilffrs to thf VM dor trkililc kla thfsf hkvf kbhifvfa bfrtidibktiol to BRSIW @fvf` 5. WFQUOEUKR krf low ijp`fjfltilc k Erkzi`ikl Bfrtidibktiol Rbhfjf dor  KBDJ opfrktors, whibh proviafs dor @fvf` ;. 5 kla 2 bfrtidibktiol. QRB kla QSI krf kssistilc il thf probfss kla it is fxpfbtfa thkt WFQUOEUKR wi`` issuf thf dirst @fvf` 2 bfrtidibktfs dor KBDJ opfrktors aurilc 5777. Kavkltkcfs kla `ijitktiols

 Ks aisbussfa keovf, thf KBDJ tfbhliquf is k aftfbtiol kla sizilc³ tfbhliquf dor surdkbf-erfkmilc brkbms. Qhf tfbhlo`ocy oddfrs sfvfrk` kavkltkcfs ovfr bolvfltiolk` JWI ilspfbtiol dor eoth topsiaf kla suesfk ilspfbtiol. Qhfrf krf od boursf sojf `ijitktiols ks wf``, sojf od thf kavkltkcfs kla `ijitktiols bojpkrfa to JWI krf `istfa ef`ow>  

KBDJ rfquirfs `fss surdkbf prfpkrktiol. It bkl ef usfa ol boktfa or rustfa surdkbfs without boktilc rfjovk` or b`fklilc to ericht jftk`. Il jost bksfs `icht erushilc is suddibiflt. KBDJ bkl ef usfa ol lolbolaubtilc boktilcs, il cooa bolaitiol, up to 6jj thibm.

 

KBDJ bkl ef afp`oyf afp`oyfa a il jost sfk bolaitiols kla, ul`imf JWI, is lot `ijitfa ey burrflts, swf`` or poor visiei`ity.

 

KBDJ bkl ef usfa il kly `icht `fvf` kla bkl thfrfdorf ef usfa il 51

hour opfrktiols.  

KBDJ proviafs ildorjktiol ol afdfbt `flcth kla afpth.

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 

KBDJ is dkstfr to afp`oy.

 

KBDJ proviafs f`fbtrolib rfboras od k`` ilspfbtiol aktk whibh is kvki`ke`f dor suesfquflt rfvifw or kuait.

 

Vsf od k two jk jkl l tfkj j jfkls fkls thf proef bkl ef afp`oyfa ey aivfr or kesfi`fr who is lot k smi``fa KBDJ opfrktor. Aktk klk`ysis is bolaubtfa ey k smi``fa opfrktor who is lot rfquirfa to aivf or b`ije.

Rojf `ijitktiols od KBDJ krf>  

Hich bkpitk` bost od fquipjflt bojpkrfa to JWI.

 

Opfrktor rfquirfs k hichf hichfrr `fvf` od trkililc kla to possfss mlow`facf od bojputfr opfrktiol kla wf`ailc ks wf`` ks LAQ.

 

Rflsitivity to s shk``ow hk``ow brkbms is `f `fss ss thk thkl l JW JWII il sojf situktiols.

 

Fquipjflt is `fss portke`f thkl JWI.

 

Bojp`fx sicl siclk`s k`s bkl krisf droj ticht cfoj cfojftrifs, ftrifs, p`ktf fac facfs fs kla erklbhfa brkbms.

Ufsu`ts droj dif`a trik`s

Qhf ulafrwktfr KBDJ fquipjflt purbhksfa ey WFQUOEUKR hks effl il rfcu`kr usf silbf ;993 dor strubturk` ilspfbtiol od oddshorf p`ktdorjs. Il ;999 trik`s wfrf k`so bolaubtfa ol thf usf od KBDJ to ilspfbt ilaustrik` prfssurf vfssf`s. Rojf od thf KBDJ ilspfbtiols bolaubtfa ey WFQUOEUKR krf aftki`fa ef`ow. Qhfsf proviaf kl ilaibktiol od thf kjoult kla typf od ilspfbtiols bolaubtfa kla thf bost skvilcs kbhifvfa il usilc KBDJ rkthfr thkl bolvfltiolk` JWI Vlafrwktfr ilspfbtiol il F&W-ULBF oddshorf p`ktdorjs

Rtrubturk` wf`as ol 3 dixfa oddshorf p`ktdorjs wfrf ilspfbtfa usilc KBDJ. Qhfsf p`ktdorjs wfrf `obktfa il thf Lorthfkst stktf od Uio Crklaf ao Lortf kla thf wf`as wfrf `obktfa il wktfr afpths rklcilc eftwffl 3j kla 27jj.  K totk` od 56 strubturk` wf`as wfrf ilspfbtfa. Qhf aivilc wks bkrrifa out droj thf p`ktdorj, rkthfr thkl k aivf eokt, kla ilvo`vfa k 4 jkl aivf tfkj. Qhf aivfrs usfa dor proef hkla`ilc hka dour hours trkililc il thf sbkllilc od KBDJ proefs kla il bojjulibktiol with thf KBDJ ilspfbtiol tfbhlibikl who wks `obktfa ol thf p`ktdorj afbm. Rojf brkbms wfrf doula aurilc thf ilspfbtiol. Qhf bost skvilc bojpkrfa to usilc ulafrwktfr JWI ilspfbtiol wks fstijktfa kt VR$ 16,777

WFQUOEUKR T Vlafrwktfr ilspfbtiol i lspfbtiol

WFQUOEUKR T is k nkbmup p`ktdorj kla wks aobmfa il RVKWF hkreour il thf stktf od Wfrlkjeubo. Ilspfbtiols wfrf bkrrifa out ol sf`fbtfa krfks od

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thf> spuabkls kla `fcs. Rojf od thf `fc wf`as wfrf out od thf wktfr, sojf wfrf eflfkth thf surdkbf. Il orafr to proviaf boldirjktory ildorjktiol, k`` brkbms aftfbtfa ey KBDJ wfrf rf-ilspfbtfa usilc JWI kla il k`` bksfs `obktiol kla brkbm `flcth aftfrjilfa ey KBDJ wks boldirjfa ey JWI Ol thf .ulafrwktfr wf`as it toom thrff kttfjpts to boldirj with JWI, fvfl thouch thf `obktiol od thf brkbms hka effl fstke`ishfa ey KBDJ. Qhis aiddibu`ty with JWI krosf efbkusf od thf poor visiei`ity auf to juaay wktfr il thf hkreour. Il kaaitiol to brkbm aftfbtiol, brkbms doula wfrf k`so sizfa usilc KBDJ to aftfbt thfir `flcth kla afpth. Oevious`y JWI bou`a lot boldirj thf afpth kla so crilailc wks bkrrifa out to rfjovf thf brkbm kla kckil this probfss boldirjfa thf afpth jfksurfjflt proviafa ey KBDJ. Qhf usf od KBDJ rfaubfa thf aobmilc tijf ey two akys kla rfsu`tfa il bost skvilcs od VR$;77,777. Vlafrwktfr ilspfbtiol od Bfkrk oddshorf p`ktdorjs

Ilspfbtiols wfrf bkrrifa out ol 8 dixfa oddshorf p`ktdorjs il thf Lorthfkst stktf K totk` od 69 wf`as wfrf sf`fbtfa dor ilspfbtiol il wktfr afpthsodupBfkrk. to 15 jftrfs. Il this opfrktiol, k`` aivilc wks bkrrifa out droj thf afbm od k supp`y eokt, whibh proviafa vfry cooa kbbfss to thf ilspfbtiol sitfs kla fksy afp`oyjflt od thf fquipjflt. Rojf eka wfkthfr wks fxpfriflbfa kla thf sfvfrf jotiols od thf supp`y eokt `fa to k dki`urf il thf topsiaf ulit. Qhis wks suesfquflt`y rfpkirfa. Qhf kvfrkcf tijf dor prfpkrktiol kla ilspfbtiol od loaf wf`a kt 17 jftrf wktfr afpth wks twflty jilutfs= this is kpproxijktf`y dour tijfs dkstfr thkl JWI. Bost skvilcs ol this opfrktiol wfrf fstijktfa kt VR$ 567,777 bojpkrfa to JWI ilspfbtiol. Vlafrwktfr Ilspfbtiol il F&W - EB W`ktdorjs

Dor thf pkst thrff yfkrs, KBDJ hks effl usfa dor thf ilspfbtiol od sf`fbtfa strubturk` wf`as ol k dixfa kla d`oktilc (sfji suejfrsie`f) p`ktdorj `obktfa il thf Bkjpos Eksil. Fxbf``flt rfsu`ts hkvf effl kbhifvfa kla thf fstijktfa skvilc bojpkrfa to JWI is VR$I,677,777. Ilspfbtiol od cks storkcf sphfrfs od F&W - RFK@

Cks Rtorkcf sphfrfs (Dicurf 6) krf routilf`y usfa il ilaustrik` kpp`ibktiols.  KBDJ wks usfa dor thf ilspfbtiol od sf`fbtfa krfks od thrff sphfrfs `obktfa il Krkbknu. Qhf sf`fbtfa wf`as hka effl prfvious`y ilspfbtfa usilc JWI.

Qhf KBDJ ilspfbtiols wfrf bkrrifa out usilc thf ulafrwktfr fquipjflt. Qhis `fa to ovfrhfktilc auf to thf hich iltfrlk` tfjpfrkturf il thf sphfrf

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(21·B) whibh rfsu`tfa il thf fquipjflt shuttilc aowl ol obbksiols. KBDJ fquipjflt is kvki`ke`f dor topsiaf usf eut kt thf tijf od thf ilspfbtiols, WFQUOEUKR aia lot hkvf kly kvki`ke`f. Qhfsf ilspfbtiols k``owfa airfbt bojpkrisol, il tfrjs od tijilc kla pfrdorjklbf, with JWI. KBDJ doula two brkbm `imf ilaibktiols, ol`y olf od whibh wks boldirjfa ey JWI. Qhf JWI ilspfbtiol toom thrff tijfs `olcfr thkl KBDJ fxb`uailc rfport writilc. Shfl writilc up od thf JWI rfport wks tkmfl ilto kbboult, thf skvilcs usilc KBDJ wfrf fvfl crfktfr. Lfw afvf`opjflt il KBDJ tfbhlo`ocy

Wortke`f, `ichtwficht fquipjflt is kvki`ke`f dor keovf wktfr ilspfbtiol. Qhf `ktfst cflfrktiol [B ekttfry powfrfa KBDJ fquipjflt is bk``fa thf  KJICO (Dicurf 4). Qhis wfichs ol`y 1ºmc kla hks k ekttfry `idf od tfl hours. Qhis fquipjflt is iafk``y suitfa to sphfrf ilspfbtiol. Qhf ulafrwktfr ilspfbtiol bkrrifa out ey WFQUOEUKR jkaf usf od k aivfr to afp`oy thf proef with thf ilspfbtiol spfbik`ist opfrktilc thf WB. Qhf skjf kpprokbh is usfa topsiaf eut this tijf usilc b`ijefrs (kesfi`frs) to afp`oy thfthf proefs, Dicurfod3.oddshorf Qhis kpprokbh is usfa il othfr pkrts od thf wor`a dor ilspfbtiol p`ktdorjs topsiaf, storkcf sphfrfs, brklfs kla eriacfs. WFQUOEUKR ilspfbtiol boltrkbtors hkvf stkrtfa to iltroaubf ropf kbbfss jfthoas ilto thf rfciol kla WFQUOEUKR hkvf low purbhksfa KBDJ topsiaf fquipjflt ks wf``. Qopsiaf ilspfbtiol oddfrs jorf bhk``flcfs thkl suesfk il tfrjs od thf rklcf od cfojftrifs kla jktfrik` flboultfrfa. Qo jfft thfsf afjklas, k lujefr od spfbik` proefs hkvf effl afvf`opfa whibh k``ow efttfr kbbfss to ticht cfojftrifs kla rfaubfa rfspolsf dor cfojftrib dfkturfs subh ks p`ktf facfs kla kttkbhjflts. Qhfsf bojeilfa with lfw hich drfquflby optiols k``ow thf ilspfbtiol od eoth bkreol stff` kla lol jkclftib jktfrik`s il k wiaf rklcf od ilaustrik` boldicurktiols.  K`` od thf keovf fxkjp`fs hkvf effl od jkluk` wf`a ilspfbtiol. Qhfsf krf typibk` od KBDJ opfrktiols kroula thf wor`a Il sojf bksfs it is afsirke`f to ilb`uaf sojf kutojktiol ilto thf ilspfbtiol probfss, fspfbik``y id thfrf krf ilaiviauk` bojpolflts to ef ilspfbtfa. Jorf bojp`fx KBDJ proefs krf kvki`ke`f boltkililc ju`tip`f ilspfbtiol sflsors. Qhfsf krf mlowl ks KBDJ krrkys kla k``ow `krcfr krfks to ef ilspfbtfa il k silc`f sbkl. Qhfsf bkl k`so ef dittfa with positiol flboailc to k``ow k bojp`ftf rfbora od thf aistklbf trkvf``fa kla thf fxkbt `obktiol od afdfbts doula. Fxkjp`fs od subh systfjs afvf`opfa dor thf Oi` Ilaustry krf kl kutojktfa systfj dor thf ilspfbtiol od titkliuj ari``ilc risfrs (afvf`opfa dor Rtktoi` il Lorwky) Dicurf8, kla k Ari``strilc Qhrfka Ilspfbtiol systfj, Dicurf 9, low efilc usfa il thf Lorth Rfk to ijprovf ari``strilc ilspfbtiol rf`ikei`ity.

Bolb`usiols Droj thf rfsu`ts od thf suesfk ilspfbtiol fvk`uktiol bolaubtfa with KBDJ,

kla rfportfa il this pkpfr, it is rfksolke`f to prfaibt thkt KBDJ wi`` rfp`kbf

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JWI dor k`` ulafrwktfr strubturk` wf`a ilspfbtiol ol WFQUOEUKR Oddshorf p`ktdorjs. Qhf trkililc kla bfrtidibktiol od KBDJ opfrktors is low efilc ijp`fjfltfa withil thf WFQUOEUKR Bfrtidibktiol Rbhfjf kla spfbidib probfaurfs wi`` ef afvf`opfa to flsurf thkt thf eflfdits kbhifvfa to aktf krf jkiltkilfa il thf duturf. Dor topsiaf ilspfbtiol, thf rfsu`ts hkvf effl fxtrfjf`y flbourkcilc kla it is bolsiafrfa `imf`y thkt KBDJ wi`` low ef iltroaubfa ilto WFQUOEUKR kbtivitifs eoth ol p`ktdorj topsiaf kla il thf rfdilfrifs thfy opfrktf. Ufdfrflbfs

Rjith J, Vlafrwktfr KBDJ - Ilspfbtiol Wrobfaurf, Qfbhlibk` Rodtwkrf Bolsu`tklts @ijitfa, Rfptfjefr ;996. Jkrtils JTJ, Wrobfaijflto pkrk Opfrkbko ao Aftfbtor af Qrilbks V5;, af Dkeribkbko af Dirjk Qfbhlibk` Rodtwkrf Bolsu`tklts @ijitfa, uti`izklao o procrkjk S KJI 1 x - WFQUOEUKR, nulho, ;998. Dfjklafs N, ft k`` Uf`ktorio af ilspfbko boj KBDJ lo F&W-ULBF WFQUOEUKR, lovfjero, ;998. Jkrtils JTJ, Jkrqufs DBU, Ilspfbko fj so`aks fstruturkis ak p`ktdorjk WFQUOEUKR-T (p K-;4) boj k tfblibk KBDJ - Bojulibkbko Qfblibk RFJFB 715/99 - WFQUOEUKR, jkrbo ;999. Jkrqufs DBU, Ilspfbko Fstruturk` Ruerlkrilk por KBDJ lks W`ktkdorjks Jkltijks ao Bkfrk, WFQUOEUKR, jkio ;999.

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  Dicurf ; D`ow od burrflt kroula k surdkbf.

Dicurf 5  Rbrffl   Rbrffl showilc typibk` brkbm `imf siclk`s.

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  Dicurf 2 Rbhfjktib `kyout od ulafrwktfr KBDJ systfj.

Dicurf 1 Aivfr afp`oyilc kl KBDJ proef.

Dicurf 6 Cks storkcf sphfrf.

Dicurf 4 Ef`t joultfa portke`f

 KBDJ fquipjflt.

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Dicurf 3  Afp`oyjflt  Afp`oyjflt od KBDJ usilc k ilspfbtiol systfjropf kbbfss.

Dicurf 9 Qhf KQI systfj hkla afp`oyfa pil proef.

Dicurf 8  Kutojktfa risfr tfbhlibikl.

i

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KRQJ Rtklakra Wrkbtibf Wroaubfa dor thf Fxkjilktiol od Sf`as usilc thf Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) Qfbhliquf

 K Ukilf Qhf jknority od boultrifs hkvf> thfir owl stklakras orcklisktiols kla thfsf orcklisktiols proaubf aobujflts thkt hkvf to ef bojp`ifa with whflfvfr jkludkbturf, ilspfbtiol or vfridibktiol is to ef bkrrifa out. Il thf VM this is ERI= Cfrjkly hks thf AIL stklakra, Kustrik hks thosf proaubfa ey thf  Kustrikl Rtklakras Orcklizktiol OL kla thf VRK hks thf Kjfribkl Lktiolk` Rtklakras Ilstitutf. KLRI. Il sojf bksfs thfrf krf topibs whibh krf lot bovfrfa ey Lktiolk` Rtklakras= thfsf jky thfl ef ilb`uafa il Furopfkl Rtklakras (BFL) or Iltfrlktiolk` Rtklakras (IRO). Qhf burrflt stktus with Eritish Rtklakras is thkt id thfrf is k BFL aobujflt thfl this hks priority ovfr thf ERI aobujflt. Qhis ru`f k`so kpp`ifs to privktf bojpkly stklakras if Eritish Cks kla thf F`fbtribity Eokra Rtklakras FRI, efbkusf od this rfprfsfltktivfs od thfsf bojpklifs hkvf effl lojilktfa ol to BFL bojjittffs throuch thfir pkrflt Lktiolk` Rtklakras Orcklisktiols dor fxkjp`f ERI to flsurf bojpktiei`ity od stklakras whfl thfy krf proaubfa il Furopf. Bojjittffs od Rtklakras jfjefrs lojilktfa thfir pkrflt LROs krf proaubilc bolsistilc iltfrlktiolk` (IRO) kla ey olbf kckil kl kttfjpt is efilc jkaf to flsurf thkt thfsf wi`` ef bojpktie`f with BFL aobujflts. Il sojf bksfs thfrf krf jkludkbturilc routfs kla ilspfbtiol tfbhliqufs thkt krf lot ilb`uafa il thf rklcf od Furopfkl kla Iltfrlktiolk` Rtklakras kla il thfsf bksfs thfsf hkvf thfl to ef kpprovfa ey sojf ilafpflaflt eoay or orcklisktiol. Qhfsf jky hf Bfrtidyilc Kuthoritifs subh ks @`oya’s Ufcistfr, Aft Lorsmf Tfritks, Eurfku Tfritks, Oddshorf Bfrtidibktiol Eurfku, Cfrjklisbhfr @`oyas, KE or QVP/.  K`kl Ukilf hks effl ilvo`vfa il lol-afstrubtivf tfstilc silbf ;944, whfl hf wormfa ks k jftk``urcist dor Eritish Rtff`. Hf `fdt Eritish Rtff` whfl hf wks Rfbtiol Jklkcfr Jftk``urcibk` Rfrvibfs il ;987 kla noilfa Eritish Cks kt thf Flcilffrilc Ufsfkrbh Rtktiol ks prilbipk` Flcilffrilc thf LAQ sfbtiol. Hf rfjkilfa thfrf ulti` ;992, spflailc thf jknority od his tijf il thf oddshorf sfbtor ulti` hf noilfa Qfbhlibk` Rodtwkrf Bolsu`tklts @ta ks Eusilfss Afvf`opjflt Jklkcfr. Aurilc his bkrffr il LAQ, hf hks effl Bhkirjkl od thf VB@ Vlafrwktfr LAF Bfltrf, thf Hkrwf`` Oddshorf Ilspfbtiol Rfrvibf, thf IIS Sormilc Croup 5 (LAQ oddshorf wf`afa bolstrubtiols) kla sfvfrk` Croup Rpolsorfa Wronfbts, kla hks effl k jfjefr od othfr CRWs kla wormilc croups ilb`uailc thf Furopfkl Sormilc Croup ol Kboustib Fjissiol (FSCKF). Hf hks k Jkstfrs Afcrff droj Aurhkj Vlivfrsity kla is k Bhkrtfrfa Flcilffr kla k Df``ow od thf Eritish Ilstitutf od Lol-Afstrubtivf Qfstilc. Hf wks thf rfbipiflt od EILAQ’s Qoly @kcfr Kwkra dor 5775.

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Boltkbt> QRB Ilspfbtiol Rystfjs, 4 Ji`` Rqukrf, Dfkthfrstolf Uoka, So`vfrtol Ji``, Ji`tol Mfylfs JM;5 6UE. Qf`>+11 (7);978 557 566= Dkx> +11 (7);978 557 969.

Rtktus od thf k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt tfbhliquf

Qhf KBDJ tfbhliquf is lot ilb`uafa il kly Eritish Furopfkl or Iltfrlktiolk` Rtklakras. Qhfrf is kl KBDJ trkililc sbhfjf thkt is @`oyas kpprovfa, proaubilc k Bfrtidibktf od Bojpftflbf. Qhf Eritish Ilstitutf od LolAfstrubtivf Qfstilc hks k`so kbbrfaitfa this boursf. Aobujflts hkvf effl proaubfa dor thf Lktiolk` WBL sbhfjf, ilb`uailc spfbidib rfquirfjflts dor pfrsollf`, boursf sy``keus, fxkjilktiol sy``keus kla aftki`s od thf prkbtibk` fxkjilktiol skjp`fs. K`` od thfsf aobujflts hkvf low effl kpprovfa ey WBL. Qhf Sf`ailc Ilstitutf k`so ruls k boursf `fkailc to BRSIW bfrtidibktiol whibh is issufa ulafr thf kuthority od thfir Covfrlilc Eokra dor Bfrtidibktiol. Qhf KBDJ tfbhliquf kla probfaurfs dor its kpp`ibktiol hkvf effl kpprovfa ey vkrious orcklisktiols il k lujefr od boultrifs. Il thf kesflbf od thf keovf stklakras it wks afbiafa to sffm kpprovk` droj thf vkrious lojilktfa bfrtidyilc eoaifs opfrktilc lktiolk``y. @`oya’s Ufcistfr hks kpprovfa thf tfbhliquf dor eoth suesfk kla topsiaf kpp`ibktiols. W`klt Rkdfty (K privktf Bfrtidyilc Kuthority) hks kpprovfa thf tfbhliquf dor thf ilspfbtiol od k `krcf olshorf cks probfssilc p`klt. Qhf KBDJ tfbhliquf hks effl kpprovfa ey Aft Lorsmf Tfritks dor thf suesfk systfj, thf topsiaf systfj kla thf UOT systfj. Qhf situktiol il Ho``kla is thkt id thf tfbhliquf is @`oyas kpprovfa thfl it wi`` ef kbbfptfa. Eurfku Tfritks il Drklbf hks issufa kl Kttfstktiol, boldirjilc thkt KBDJ is kbbfptke`f dor brkbm aftfbtiol kla sizilc ol suesfk wf`as. OBE kla Cfrjklisbhfr @`oyas hkvf k`so kpprovfa thf tfbhliquf. Qhf tfbhliquf hks effl ilb`uafa il thf  KER Cuiaf dor lol-afstrubtivf Ilspfbtiol od Hu`` Sf`as issufa il Rfptfjefr 5775. Qhf KBDJ tfbhliquf is low ilb`uafa il thf IRO Arkdt Iltfrlktiolk` Rtklakra dor Dixfa Oddshorf Rtrubturfs ;28;9-5 whibh is thf iltfrlktiolk` vfrsiol od KWI UW5K-@UDA) sfbtiol 7 Il-sfrvibf ilspfbtiol kla strubturk` iltfcrity jklkcfjflt. It is k`so ilb`uafa il IIR/IIS Aobujflt T-;793-93 (I`R/IIS-;235-93) Ildorjktiol ol Wrkbtibfs dor Vlafrwktfr Lol-Afstrubtivf Fxkjilktiol, Nklukry ;998.

Qhfrf is kl FWUI LAQ Hklaeoom (LAQ Cuiaf`ilfs dor Dossi` Duf` W`klts) whibh hks thf k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt tfbhliquf ilb`uafa.

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Fvfl thouch k`` od thf keovf hks effl aobujfltfa, thf KBDJ tfbhliquf is sti`` lot prfsflt il k rfboclisfa lktiolk` stklakra. Afvf`opjflt od thf KRQJ stklakra

Il thf `ktf ;997s, kdtfr k jfftilc od thf Fjfrcilc Qfbhlo`ocifs bojjittff kt kl KRLQ boldfrflbf, k jfftilc wks bolvflfa ey k lujefr od iltfrfstfa pkrtifs who wfrf iltfrfstfa il thf proaubtiol od kl KRQJ stklakra dor thf fxkjilktiol od wf`as usilc thf k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt tfbhliquf. Qhf croup bolsistfa od rfprfsfltktivfs droj thf pftrobhfjibk` ilaustry, oi` kla cks ilaustrifs, covfrljfltk` kcflbifs kla ilspfbtiol bojpklifs. Qhf jknority od thosf rfprfsfltktivfs wfrf or hka effl usfrs od thf tfbhliquf kla wkltfa sojf dorj od stklakraisktiol to whibh ilspfbtiol usilc this tfbhliquf bou`a ef kahfrfa. Qhf croup k`so oetkilfa thf support od othfr rfprfsfltktivfs who bou`a lot kttfla thf jfftilc. K arkdt aobujflt wks proaubfa kla suejittfa to thf croup dor bojjflt. Kdtfr sfvfrk` arkdts hka effl proaubfa kla bojjfltfa upol, this aobujflt wks suejittfa to KRQJ il Nklukry 577; with k rfqufst thkt Ruebojjittff F73,7; ol F`fbtrojkclftib. Jfthoas shou`a fxkjilf it. Qhf suebojjittff thfl rfqufstfa prfsfltktiol eftojkaf tfbhliquf to thf Ruebojjittff, ks itthkt wksk lfw tfbhlo`ocy sojfol od thf thf bojjittff. Qhf suebojjittff thfl suenfbtfa thf arkdt to ek``ot ey its jfjefrs efdorf kbbfptilc thkt is wks rfkay dor thf Jkil Bojjittff F73 ol Lol-afstrubtivf Qfstilc to ek``ot thf arkdt, Il Nklukry 5772 thf arkdt wks kpprovfa ey thf jkil bojjittff kla kpprovfa dor faitilc kla pue`ibktiol il Dferukry 5772. Qhf stklakra prkbtibf dor fxkjilktiol od wf`as usilc thf k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a Jfksurfjflt Qfbhliquf, Afsiclktiol F554;-72 wks pue`ishfa il Kpri` 5772. Iltroaubtiol to k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt tfstilc  K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) is k lol-boltkbtilc f`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliquf usfa il thf ilspfbtiol od wf`as dor thf aftfbtiol kla bhkrkbtfrisktiol od surdkbf-erfkmilc aisboltiluitifs il thf jknority od bolaubtilc jftk`s. It wks ilitik``y usfa dor thf ilspfbtiol od suesfk loak` wf`as ol oddshorf strubturfs whfrf k tfbhliquf wks rfquirfa to ilspfbt thf wf`as with `itt`f or lo b`fklilc prior to ilspfbtiol. Qhis tfbhliquf hka to ef ke`f to bhkrkbtfrisf thf aisboltiluitifs, proaubf k pfrjklflt rfbora kla ef ke`f il sojf ilstklbfs to ilspfbt throuch up to ;/1" od boktilc. Qhf tfbhliquf hka to ef showl to ef ks rf`ike`f ks jkclftib pkrtib`f ilspfbtiol dor aftfbtiol kla sizilc dor `flcth, ks thkt wks thf stklakra tfbhliquf usfa efdorf KBDJ wks iltroaubfa. Qhf KBDJ tfbhliquf wks suenfbtfa to jolitorfa trik`s usilc k `ierkry od wf`as boltkililc aisboltiluitifs whibh hka k`` effl bhkrkbtfrisfa usilc stklakra tfbhliqufs subh ks jkclftib pkrtib`f ilspfbtiol dor `flcth kla u`trksolib tijf-od-d`icht aiddrkbtiol dor afpth. Qhf aisboltiluitifs wfrf lot krtidibik` d`kws thkt hka effl fjefaafa il thf wf`as or krtidibik` afdfbts proaubfa ey s`ots eut wfrf k`` aisboltiluitifs proaubfa

ey suenfbtilc lkturk` d`kws. thf wf`as to k dkticuf probfss. Qhus thf aisboltiluitifs wfrf

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Qhf rfsu`ts proaubfa droj Wroekei`ity od Aftfbtiol trik`s tr ik`s bkrrifa out ol thfsf wf`as showfa thkt KBDJ wks ks cooa, id lot s`icht`y efttfr thkl jkclftib pkrtib`f ilspfbtiol dor aftfbtiol kla thf sizilc rfsu`ts wfrf withil 17 ji`s ol `flcth kla 57 ji`s ol afpth. Qhf jkclftib pkrtib`f ilspfbtiol tfbhliquf usfa wks thf jost sflsitivf usilc u`trkvio`ft `icht kla d`uorfsbflt pkrtib`fs with akrmflfa bolaitiols. Olbf this boldiaflbf hka effl kbhifvfa thf tfbhliquf wks usfa jorf suesfk kla k`so efbkjf usfa dor topsiaf kpp`ibktiols. It wks fspfbik``y cooa dor thf ilspfbtiol od aup`fx stkil`fss stff`, rfp`kbilc ayf pflftrklt ilspfbtiol tocfthfr with thf prf- kla postb`fklilc opfrktiols. Qhf tfbhliquf wks thfl iltroaubfa to thf olshorf pftrobhfjibk` ilaustry kla wks usfa to ilspfbt prfssurf vfssf`s kla pipfworm od k`` shkpfs kla dorjs. Qhf kpp`ibktiols thfl efbkjf jorf aivfrsf kla sool thf tfbhliquf wks efilc usfa ey LKRK, il thfjf pkrms, dor thf ilspfbtiol od eriacfs kla ulafrcroula si`os ks wf`` ks rki` trkbm kla rki` bkr kx`fs. Afvf`opjflt od thf KBDJ tfbhliquf

Shfrfks sojf od thf lfwfr f`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliqufs hkvf effl il usf silbf thf fkr`y ;967s, thf k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt tfbhliquf hks ol`y effl kroula silbf thf `ktf ` ktf ;987s or fkr`y ;997s. Wrior to thf usf od k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt thf k`tfrlktilc burrflt potfltik` arop jfthoa wks efilc usfa il thf fkr`y ;987s to aftfrjilf brkbm afpth. eoth Vlivfrsity Bo``fcf kla Aft Lorsmf Tfritks hka afvf`opfa KBWA systfjs. Olf usfa hich burrflts kla Iow drfquflby kla thf othfr usfa `ow burrflt kla hich drfquflby opfrktiols, thf aiddfrflbf efilc thkt olf proaubfa k crfktfr smil afpth or pflftrktiol ilto thf jktfrik` ulafr fxkjilktiol. Eoth systfjs usfa proas to ilnfbt kl k`tfrlktilc burrflt ilto thf jktfrik` ulafr tfst, thfl jfksurfa thf potfltik` arop ovfr k dixfa aistklbf ovfr thf brkbm kla kankbflt to thf brkbm. It wks thfl possie`f to aftfrjilf thf afpth od thf brkbm (sff Dicurf;). Qhf ilaustry afbiafa it `imfa thf kavkltkcf od efilc ke`f to jfksurf kbburktf`y thf afpth od brkbms eut lot thf aiskavkltkcfs od hkvilc to b`fkl thf surdkbf il orafr to ilnfbt thf burrflt.

Dicurf ; KBWA aikcrkj.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 Kl ilaubtiol tfbhliquf wks afvf`opfa ey Vlivfrsity Bo``fcf, whibh usfa k ulidorj f`fbtrib dif`a kla thfl aftfbtiol boi`s wfrf proaubfa, whibh wou`a jfksurf thf jkclftib dif`a aistureklbfs kssobiktfa with kly surdkbferfkmilc afdfbts (Dicurf 5). Qhf So`dfsol Vlit kt Vlivfrsity Bo``fcf thfl afvf`opfa jkthfjktibk` joaf`s il orafr to sizf thfsf brkbms. Qhf k`tfrlktilc burrflt dif`a jfksurfjflt tfbhliquf wks afvf`opfa. Qhis hka thf kavkltkcf ovfr thf k`tfrlktilc burrflt potfltik` arop tfbhliquf il thkt it wks k lol-boltkbtilc f`fbtrojkclftib tfbhliquf, whfrf thf surdkbf aia lot hkvf to hf b`fklfa kla thf systfj aia lot hkvf to ef bk`ierktfa. ]l orafr to ao this k ulidorj f`fbtrib dif`a hka to ef proaubfa kla ilaubfa ilto thf jktfrik` ulafr tfst proaubilc k ulidorj jkclftib dif`a pkrk``f` to thf wf`a tof. Qhis jkclftib dif`a bou`a hf joaf``fa kla thf rfspolsfs droj afdfbts k`so joaf``fa fvfltuk``y efilc ke`f to proaubf kbburktf jfksurfjflts od afdfbt afpth.

Dicurf 5 Uf`ktiolship eftwffl eftwffl f`fbtrib burrflt, jkclftib d`ux aflsity ol thf surdkbf kla ef`ow thf surdkbf dor KBDJ.

Iltroaubtiol to thf KBDJ tfbhliquf

Qhf tfbhliquf bolsists od thf proaubtiol od k ulidorj pkrk``f` f`fbtrib dif`a usilc k proef with k spfbik``y woula boi`, whibh is thfl ilaubfa ilto thf surdkbf od thf jftk` ulafr tfst. K ulidorj jkclftib dif`a is thfl proaubfa pkrk``f` to thf wf`a, whibh is il thf oppositf airfbtiol to thkt proaubfa usilc jkclftib pkrtib`f ilspfbtiol. Qwo orthocolk``y kir-woula boi`s `obktfa il thf proef aftfbt kly aistureklbfs il thf jkclftib dif`a kssobiktfa with aisboltiluitifs il thf wf`a. Jfksurfjflts od thfsf aistureklbfs krf usfa to aftfbt kla bhkrkbtfrisf thf aisboltiluitifs. Olf jkclftib dif`a, thf Ex. is pkrk``f` to thf wf`a kla is sflsitivf to thf afpth od thf aisboltiluity. Qhf burrflt aflsity kssobiktfa with thf aisboltiluity is rfaubfa ks thf burrflt trifs to d`ow kroula kla eflfkth it kla thus rfaubfs thf jkclftib dif`a vk`ufs. Qhf Ez jkclftib dif`a is lorjk` to thf surdkbf kt thf wf`a tof kla is proportiolk` to thf burvkturf od thf burrflt kt fkbh fla od thf aisboltiluity, olf fla efilc k b`obmwisf jovfjflt kla thf othfr k boultfr-b`obmwisf

jovfjflt proaubilc³ k lfcktivf kla k positivf Ez vk`uf. Qhf aistklbf eftwffl thfsf two Ez vk`ufs is jkrmfa ol thf wf`a kla civfs thf KBDJ `flcth od thf aisboltiluity. Qhf `obktiol od fkbh od thf two Ez positiols is

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

 nust ilsiaf thf truf `flcth od thf aisboltiluity. Qhis `flcth is thfl usfa il kl k`corithj with thf Ex ekbmcroula kla thf Ex jilijuj vk`ufs to proaubf thf vk`ufs dor thf afpth kla thf truf `flcth od thf aisboltiluity. Qhis `flcth is `olcfr thkl thf KBDJ `flcth proaubfa droj jfksurilc thf aistklbf eftwffl thf two Ez vk`ufs. Qhf k`corithj wks proaubfa ey jfksurilc thf vk`ufs od surdkbf jkclftib dif`a aistureklbfs droj k `krcf lujefr od surdkbf-erfkmilc aisboltiluitifs kla bojpkrilc thf vk`ufs proaubfa with thf `flcths kla afpths od thf aisboltiluitifs. Qhf `flcths kla afpths hka effl jfksurfa usilc tfbhliqufs subh ks jkclftib pkrtib`f ilspfbtiol, k`tfrlktilc burrflt potfltik` arop kla tijf-od-d`icht aiddrkbtiol u`trksolib ilspfbtiol. Shfl thf sbkllilc od thf wf`a tkmfs p`kbf thf Ex kla Ez ilaibktiols krf aisp`kyfa il rfk` tijf ol k WB sbrffl ks sfpkrktf ilaibktiols kla ks k bojeilfa XY p`ot (Dicurf 2). Qhis p`ot is ilafpflaflt od sbkllilc spffa kla shows whibh wky kla how thf sbkl wks bkrrifa out, how jkly afdfbt ilaibktiols krf prfsflt kla whfthfr thf afdfbt is `olcituailk` or trklsvfrsf. Dor `olcituailk` afdfbts thf XY p`ot lorjk``y cofs aowlwkras kla dor trklsvfrsf afdfbts thf XY p`ot cofs upwkras. Qhf ol`y tijf this aofs lot obbur is idsmil thil afpth stkil`fss stff`toor thf othfrwk`` jktfrik` is efilc whibh hks k thibm fquk` thibmlfss od ilspfbtfa thf jktfrik` efilc ilspfbtfa. Id k afdfbt is aftfbtfa ol thf dkr dkbf kwky droj thf sbkllilc dkbf thf Ex wi`` co upwkra kla so wi`` thf airfbtiol od thf XY p`ot. Id thf afdfbt is `olc kla shk``ow thfl thf XY p`ot wi`` k`so ef `olc kla shk``ow. Id k afdfbt is aftfbtfa, whibh is ilb`ilfa to thf tof od thf wf`a fithfr ilto thf pkrflt jftk` or thf wf`a jftk` thfl thf XY p`ot wi`` ef ilb`ilfa kwky droj thf lorj. Qhis afpflas ol whfthfr thf efcillilc od thf afdfbt is b`osfr or lfkrfr to thf losf od thf proef. Qhus thf XY p`ot is vfry ijportklt ks k sourbf od ildorjktiol to thf opfrktor whfl iltfrprftilc thf aktk.

Dicurf 2 Ex, Ez kla euttfrd`y aisp`ky dor KBDJ.

Il bojpkrisol with faay burrflts fvfl thf eksib aisp`ky is aiddfrflt Bolvfltiolk` faay burrflt aisp`kys lorjk``y show kjp`ituaf kla phksf.

Qhf tfbhliquf ol`y aisp`kys od jkclftib dif`asktk`olc `ilfkrKBDJ tijf-eksf. Qhis is efbkusf thfkjp`ituaf KBDJ tfbhliquf opfrktfs k dixfak phksf klc`f. Sith bolvfltiolk` faay burrflts k burrflt is pkssfa throuch k

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boi` proaubilc k jkclftib dif`a kt richt klc`fs to thf airfbtiol od thf burrflt. Id this boi` is eroucht b`osf to k bolaubtilc jftk` thfl k sfbolakry birbuit is sft up il this jktfrik`. Qhis il turl proaubfs k sfbolakry jkclftib dif`a, whibh is il oppositiol to thf prijkry dif`a. Qhfsf bkl ef ek`klbfa to proaubf k lu`` vk`uf ol k aisp`ky. Id thfrf is k bhklcf il thf faay burrflts d`owilc il thf jktfrik` thfl thf sfbolakry dif`a wi`` k`tfr kla³ proaubf kl ilaibktiol ol thf aisp`ky. Qhf bhklcf bkl ef proaubfa ey kl facf fddfbt `idt odd, bhklcf il bolaubtivity bhklcf il pfrjfkei`ity whfl jovilc droj wf`a jftk` to pkrflt p`ktf cfojftry bhklcfs kla droj k brkbm. Ol`y thf prfsflbf od k brkbm wi`` proaubf k bhklcf il thf ekbmcroula jkclftib dif`a vk`ufs il thf Ex kla thf Ez airfbtiols. Qhf KRQJ stklakra

Qhf stklakra rfboclisfa thf dkbt thkt KBDJ wks lfw tfbhlo`ocy thkt rfquirfa spfbik`isfa trkililc kla fxpfriflbf kla thkt KBDJ wks aistilbt droj faay burrflt il thf skjf wky ks rfjotf dif`a tfstilc kla jkclftib d`ux `fkmkcf. Rpfbik`isfa trkililc boursfs krf kvki`ke`f ks jfltiolfa fkr`ifr. Qhf stklakra afsbriefs thf probfaurf to ef do``owfa aurilc thf fxkjilktiol od wf`as.aurilc It ilb`uafs k sujjkry afsbriptiol thf krfk KBDJ prkbtibf thf fxkjilktiol od kkla wf`aaftki`fa to fvk`uktf thf wf`a od il thf od thf tof dor surdkbf-erfkmilc aisboltiluitifs subh ks dkticuf brkbms.  K`thouch pfrsollf` quk`idibktiols krf lot spfbidifa ks thfrf krf lo VR sbhfjfs thf stklakra aofs stktf thkt pfrsollf` shou`a ef quk`idifa to k lktiolk``y rfboclisfa LAQ pfrsollf` quk`idibktiol prkbtibf or stklakra or siji`kr aobujflt. Efbkusf this is k rf`ktivf`y lfw tfbhliquf k sfbtiol wks ilb`uafa to afsbrief itfjs kla bolaitiols, whibh jky bojprojisf thf  KBDJ tfbhliquf. It afsbriefs whkt iltfrdfrflbfs bkl obbur so ks to civf thf opfrktor sojf wkrlilc od whkt jky obbur ol sitf ks bojpkrfa to usilc thf tfbhliquf il k b`kssrooj. It k`so afsbriefs thf ilaibktiols thkt bkl ef proaubfa ey lol`ilfkr aisboltiluitifs.  K du`` afsbriptiol is civfl od thf ilstrujfltktiol, thf proefs kvki`ke`f kla thfir kpp`ibktiols ks wf`` ks thf aisp`kys fxpfbtfa droj aisboltiluitifs. Qhfrf is k`so k sfbtiol ol bhfbmilc thf pfrdorjklbf prior to kla aurilc thf ilspfbtiol opfrktiol so ks to flsurf thkt thf fquipjflt wi`` opfrktf subbfssdu``y kla bkl ef afjolstrktfa to ao so il orafr to civf boldiaflbf to thf opfrktor. Qhis quk`ity boltro` sfbtiol is ilb`uafa to flsurf thkt bhfbms bkl ef jkaf thkt thf tfbhliquf kla thf fquipjflt krf opfrktilc sktisdkbtori`y. Wrkbtibk` bolsiafrktiols subh ks k rfbojjflafa sbkllilc spffa tocfthfr with kl kppropriktf aktk-skjp`ilc rktf krf ilb`uafa so thkt thf skjf bolaitiols krf usfa il thf `keorktory kla il thf dif`a. Dor short wf`as k

dkstfr rktfflsurfs bkl ef usfa kla dorusf `olcodwf`as k s`owfr skjp`ilc rktf bkl efskjp`ilc usfa. Qhis kl fddibiflt thf aktk ol thf WB sbrffl aisp`ky. K tfst is afsbriefa thkt rfboclisfs boltiluous brkbmilc so thkt

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

sbkllilc aofs lot bojjflbf ol kl krfk od thf wf`a thkt boltkils aisboltiluitifs. Riji`kr`y, it is ijportklt to mlow thf airfbtiol od sbkllilc ks this proaubfs rfbocliske`f ilaibktiols ol thf aisp`ky dor `olcituailk` aisboltiluitifs. Rbkllilc il this jkllfr wi`` k`so civf rfbocliske`f ilaibktiols droj trklsvfrsf aisboltiluitifs kla thosf ilb`ilfa to thf wf`a tof. Rbkllilc pkttfrls krf afsbriefa dor `olcituailk` wf`as il Dicurf 1 kla jorf bojp`fx wf`as subh ks kttkbhjflts, borlfrs kla butouts (Dicurfs 6 kla 4).  K sfbtiol afsbriefs il aftki` thf probfaurf dor sizilc dor `flcth kla afpth kla k dilk` sfbtiol afsbriefs il aftki` thf ijportklt rfquirfjflts od k dilk` rfport. Bolb`usiols

 K stklakra hks, effl proaubfa dor thf KBDJ tfbhliquf, whibh hks effl throuch thf afvf`opjflt probfss od thf KRQJ bojjittff kla ek``otilc stkcfs.

Dicurf 1 Birbujdfrfltik`-sbkllilc Birbujdfrfltik`-sbkllilc pkttfrl.

Bojjflts hkvf effl rfbfivfa droj rfprfsfltktivfs droj k`` krfks od ilaustry kla lot ulti` thfsf bojjflts or lfcktivf ek``ots hkvf effl rfso`vfa hks thf stklakra effl k``owfa to procrfss to thf lfxt stkcf od proaubtiol kla dilk``y pue`ibktiol. Qhf aobujflt is low il opfl birbu`ktiol, jkmilc it kvki`ke`f to ilspfbtiol bojpklifs wkltilc to kpp`y thf KBDJ tfbhliquf t fbhliquf to k`` dorjs od wf`ajflts. It bkl ef usfa ey bojpklifs who wklt to hkvf It kpp`ifa to thfir p`klt, mlowilc thkt thf ilspfbtiol bojpkly wi`` hkvf to bojp`y to thf sbkllilc

pkttfrls kla probfaurfs, with thf mlow`facf thkt kly do``ow up worm wi`` ef bkrrifa out il thf skjf jkllfr.

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

Qhf pue`ibktiol od thf KRQJ stklakra shou`a iltroaubf sojf boldorjity il thf stklakra od fxkjilktiol bkrrifa out usilc thf KBDJ ilspfbtiol tfbhliquf. It wi`` kbt ks k rfdfrflbf aobujflt dor ilspfbtiol bojpklifs kla b`iflts. It bou`a ef usfa ey othfr orcklisktiols subh ks KRLQ kla KRJF ks k rfdfrflbf aobujflt. Il totk` it shou`a eflfdit ilaustry, ks it is k Lktiolk` Rtklakra.

Dicurf 6  Brubidorj  Brubidorj wf`as.

Dicurf 4  Rbkllilc  Rbkllilc pkttfrl dor brubidorj wf`as.

Ufdfrflbfs

Ufquirfjflts dor thf Bfrtidibktiol od Wfrsollf` Flckcfa il thf F`fbtrojkclftib Ilspfbtiol od Sf`as @fvf` I kla @fvf` 5. Aobujflt Lo. BRSIW-AIT-8-94. ;st Faitiol Kucust ;994.

@fttfr to F`d Fltfrprisf Bk`faolik @ta. droj @`oya’s Ufcistfr, 9th Jkrbh ;992 (Boldiafltik`).

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Ufv 5 Lovfjefr 57;;  Kppflaix E Bopyricht  QSI @ta 57;7

ATU-567-91-7;56-Ilspfbiol Wrobfaurf dor Jkluk` K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a ATU-567-91-7;56-Ilspfbiol Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ ) - Rue Rfk Ilspfbtiol. 51th Kucust ;991. ATU-5R7-91-7;51-`lspfbtiol Wrobfaurf dor Jkluk` K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) ‒ Qopsiaf Ilspfbtiol. 51th Kucust ;991. ATU-5R7-91-7;54-Ilspfbtiol Wrobfaurf dor K`tfrlktilc Burrflt Dif`a Jfksurfjflt (KBDJ) - Vlafrwktfr Krrkys dor UOT Afp`oyjflt. 6th Rfptfjefr ;991. Eurfku Tfritks Kttfstktiol KQK;22-9R-77; rfv.77. Aivfr kla UOT afp`oyfa silc`f KBDJ Wroef. UOT afp`oyfa QRB KBDJ Krrky. 2;st Kucust ;996. OBE Cfrjklisbhfr @`oya - Bfrtidibktf od Qypf Kpprovk` - Lo> 94/FK)/7;6K.  KBDJ Brkbm Jibrockucf dor UOT Afp`oyjflt. Joaf` V9 KBDJ Brkbm Jibrockucf dor usf with Qopsiafs KBDJ Ilspfbtiol Wrobfaurf. Joaf` V ;;  KBDJ Brkbm Jibrockucf dor usf with Vlafrwktfr KBDJ Ilspfbtiol Wrobfaurf. 59th Nu`y ;994. Cuiaf dor Lol-afstrubtivf Ilspfbtiol od Hu`` Sf`as. Rfptfjefr 5775. IRO Arkdt Iltfrlktiolk` Rtklakra ;28;9-5 (Iltfrlktiolk` vfrsiol od KWI UW5K-@UDA) Rfbtiol 7> Il-Rfrvibf Ilspfbtiol kla Rtrubturk` Iltfcrity Jklkcfjflt. Ufv. A. 55la Jkrbh ;994. Wkcf ;6. IIR/I`S Aobujflt T-;793- (IIR/IIS-I235-93). Ildorjktiol ol Wrkbtibfs dor Vlafrwktfr Lol Afstrubtivf Fxkjilktiol. Kucust ;999. FWUI LAQ Hklaeoom (LAQ Cuiaf`ilfs dor Dossi` Duf` p`klts) BA ;78167. B U Erftt, ILRICHQ To` 29, ;993 p 4;2. Wroekei`ity od Aftfbtiol kla Rizilc trik`s kt Vlivfrsity Bo``fcf @olaol. Ufdfrflbf VB@/;445SA91 aob, 56.5.91. Boktfa Loafs LAQ. Vlivfrsity Bo``fcf @olaol. N U Uua`il, S A Aovfr. K Q Rjith, N Rhfppkra, Ufdfrflbf LAF/95/`26, 52.4.95. Qopsiaf Ilspfbtiol Ufport (Whksf ;) Vlivfrsity Bo``fcf @olaol N Uua`il, N  Kustil. Ufdfrflbf QIWUWQ.AOBP2, QIWUWQ.AOBP2, 56.6.96. Fvk`uktiol od F`fbtrojkclftib Lol-Afstrubtivf Qfstilc Qfbhliqufs. Ar J Wo``kra, K @fkr Qhf Flcilffrilc @ilm Ufdfrflbf ;;242/75. Afbfjefr 5777. Tk`iaktiol od KBDJ tfbhliquf - Borus Uki` Qfbhlo`ocifs.;2 Jky 5772.