RTN 620 Commissioning Guide(V100R005C00_03)

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System V100R005C00

Commissioning Guide Issue

03

Date

2010-05-30

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

Notice The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Address:

Huawei Industrial Base Bantian, Longgang Shenzhen 518129 People's Republic of China

Website:

http://www.huawei.com

Email:

[email protected]

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About This Document

About This Document Related Versions The following table lists the product versions related to this document. Product Name

Version

OptiX RTN 620

V100R005C00

iManager U2000

V100R002C00

Intended Audience This manual provides the on-site commissioning methods of the OptiX RTN 620. The commissioning items and procedure in the case of the NE commissioning and the HOP commissioning are described respectively. The intended audience of this document are: Installation and Commissioning Engineer.

Symbol Conventions The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Symbol

Description Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk, which if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk, which if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

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About This Document

Symbol

Description Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not avoided, could result in equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save time. Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.

GUI Conventions The GUI conventions that may be found in this document are defined as follows. Convention

Description

Boldface

Buttons, menus, parameters, tabs, window, and dialog titles are in boldface. For example, click OK.

>

Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs. For example, choose File > Create > Folder.

Change History Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains all updates made in previous issues.

Updates in Issue 03 (2010-05-30) Based on Product Version V100R005C00 This document is the third release for the V100R005C00 product version. Compared with the second release, the updated contents are as follows: Update

Description

4.2.1 Connecting the Web LCT to the IDU

Fixes the default password of the Web LCT.

Updates in Issue 02 (2010-03-30) Based on Product Version V100R005C00 This document is the second release for the V100R005C00 product version. Compared with the first release, the updated contents are as follows: iv

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About This Document

Update

Description

-

Fixes known bugs.

Updates in Issue 01 (2009-12-30) Based on Product Version V100R005C00 This document is the first release of the V100R005C00 version.

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Contents

Contents About This Document...................................................................................................................iii 1 Safety Precautions......................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 General Safety Precautions.............................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Electrical Safety..............................................................................................................................................1-3 1.3 Flammable Air Environment...........................................................................................................................1-5 1.4 Radiation.........................................................................................................................................................1-5 1.5 Working at Heights.........................................................................................................................................1-7 1.6 Mechanical Safety.........................................................................................................................................1-10 1.7 Other Precautions..........................................................................................................................................1-11

2 Guides to High-Risk Operations............................................................................................2-1 2.1 Operation Guide to a Toggle Lever Switch.....................................................................................................2-2 2.2 Operation Guide to IF Jumpers.......................................................................................................................2-3 2.3 Operation Guide to IF Cables..........................................................................................................................2-4 2.4 Operation Guide to IF Boards.........................................................................................................................2-5

3 Commissioning Preparations...................................................................................................3-1 3.1 Commissioning Items......................................................................................................................................3-2 3.1.1 Site Commissioning Items.....................................................................................................................3-2 3.1.2 System Commissioning Items................................................................................................................3-4 3.2 Documents and Tools Preparation..................................................................................................................3-6 3.3 Checking Commissioning Conditions.............................................................................................................3-7 3.3.1 Checking Site Commissioning Conditions............................................................................................3-7 3.3.2 Checking System Commissioning Conditions.......................................................................................3-7

4 Site Commissioning Guide......................................................................................................4-1 4.1 Powering On the Equipment...........................................................................................................................4-2 4.2 Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Web LCT.....................................................................4-5 4.2.1 Connecting the Web LCT to the IDU..................................................................................................4-11 4.2.2 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method.........................................................................................4-12 4.2.3 Logging In to an NE.............................................................................................................................4-14 4.2.4 Changing NE IDs.................................................................................................................................4-16 4.2.5 Changing NE Names............................................................................................................................4-17 4.2.6 Setting NE Communication Parameters...............................................................................................4-17 4.2.7 Configuring Logical Boards.................................................................................................................4-19 Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Contents

4.2.8 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group...................................................................................................4-20 4.2.9 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link........................................................................4-24 4.2.10 Synchronizing NE Time.....................................................................................................................4-29 4.2.11 Configuring the Orderwire.................................................................................................................4-30 4.2.12 Checking Alarms................................................................................................................................4-33 4.3 Configuring Site Commissioning Data with a Hand-Held Tool...................................................................4-34 4.3.1 Connecting Hand-Held Tools to IDUs.................................................................................................4-34 4.3.2 Set NE Attributes.................................................................................................................................4-36 4.3.3 Configuring a Radio Link....................................................................................................................4-38 4.3.4 Checking Alarms..................................................................................................................................4-41 4.4 Testing Connectivity of Cables.....................................................................................................................4-42 4.4.1 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables (by Using the Web LCT).............................................................4-42 4.4.2 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables with a Hand-Held Tool................................................................4-44 4.4.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Cables.............................................................................................4-45 4.4.4 Testing Connectivity of Fiber Jumpers................................................................................................4-46 4.5 Aligning Antennas.........................................................................................................................................4-48 4.5.1 Main Lobe and Side Lobe....................................................................................................................4-48 4.5.2 Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas....................................................................................................4-51 4.5.3 Aligning Dual-Polarized Antennas......................................................................................................4-54 4.6 Querying the Status of Radio Links..............................................................................................................4-56 4.7 Querying DCN Status....................................................................................................................................4-57

5 System Commissioning Guide................................................................................................5-1 5.1 Configuring the Network-Wide Service Data.................................................................................................5-2 5.1.1 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method...........................................................................................5-2 5.1.2 Logging In to an NE...............................................................................................................................5-4 5.1.3 Changing NE IDs...................................................................................................................................5-6 5.1.4 Changing NE Names..............................................................................................................................5-7 5.1.5 Setting NE Communication Parameters.................................................................................................5-8 5.1.6 Configuring Logical Boards...................................................................................................................5-9 5.1.7 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group...................................................................................................5-10 5.1.8 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link........................................................................5-14 5.1.9 Creating Cross-Connections of Point-to-Point Services .....................................................................5-19 5.1.10 Configuring Clock Sources................................................................................................................5-22 5.1.11 Configuring the Orderwire.................................................................................................................5-24 5.2 Testing E1 Services.......................................................................................................................................5-27 5.2.1 Testing E1 Services by Using a BER Tester........................................................................................5-28 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Through PRBS....................................................................................................5-29 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services..............................................................................................................................5-31 5.3.1 Testing Ethernet Services by Using the LB Function..........................................................................5-31 5.3.2 Testing Ethernet Services by Using the Ping Function........................................................................5-32 5.3.3 Testing Ethernet Services by Using Laptops.......................................................................................5-34 5.4 Testing AM Switching..................................................................................................................................5-36 viii

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5.4.1 Testing AM Switching by Using a BER Tester...................................................................................5-36 5.4.2 Testing AM Switching Without a BER Tester.....................................................................................5-38 5.5 Testing Protection Switching........................................................................................................................5-40 5.5.1 Testing IF 1+1 Switching.....................................................................................................................5-41 5.5.2 Testing N+1 Protection Switching.......................................................................................................5-44 5.5.3 Testing SNCP Switching......................................................................................................................5-46 5.5.4 Testing ERPS.......................................................................................................................................5-49 5.5.5 Testing Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Switching................................................................................5-51 5.5.6 Testing Linear MSP Switching............................................................................................................5-55 5.6 Checking the Clock Status............................................................................................................................5-58 5.7 Testing the 24-Hour BER..............................................................................................................................5-59

6 Introduction to a Hand-Held Tool..........................................................................................6-1 6.1 Functions and Features....................................................................................................................................6-2 6.2 Operation Interface..........................................................................................................................................6-2

7 Configuration Example of Service Data................................................................................7-1 7.1 Networking Diagram.......................................................................................................................................7-2 7.2 Board Configurations......................................................................................................................................7-2 7.3 Service Planning..............................................................................................................................................7-3 7.4 Configuration Process.....................................................................................................................................7-5

8 Task Collection...........................................................................................................................8-1 8.1 Creating MDs..................................................................................................................................................8-2 8.2 Creating MAs..................................................................................................................................................8-3 8.3 Creating MPs...................................................................................................................................................8-5 8.4 Setting the Automatic Release Function.........................................................................................................8-8 8.5 Configuring External Ethernet Ports...............................................................................................................8-8

A Glossary.....................................................................................................................................A-1 A.1 0-9..................................................................................................................................................................A-2 A.2 A-E................................................................................................................................................................A-2 A.3 F-J................................................................................................................................................................A-11 A.4 K-O..............................................................................................................................................................A-16 A.5 P-T...............................................................................................................................................................A-22 A.6 U-Z..............................................................................................................................................................A-30

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Figures

Figures Figure 1-1 Wearing an ESD wrist strap............................................................................................................... 1-5 Figure 1-2 Weight lifting......................................................................................................................................1-8 Figure 1-3 Schematic diagram of slanting a ladder..............................................................................................1-9 Figure 1-4 Schematic diagram of the ladder one meter higher than the eave......................................................1-9 Figure 2-1 Toggle lever switch............................................................................................................................ 2-2 Figure 4-1 Normal state........................................................................................................................................4-4 Figure 4-2 Normal state........................................................................................................................................4-5 Figure 4-3 Connecting hand-held tools to IDUs................................................................................................4-35 Figure 4-4 Connecting the BER tester...............................................................................................................4-43 Figure 4-5 Testing the Ethernet cable................................................................................................................4-46 Figure 4-6 Connection diagram for testing the connectivity of fiber jumpers by using an optical interface board .............................................................................................................................................................................4-47 Figure 4-7 Main lobe and side lobe....................................................................................................................4-49 Figure 4-8 Horizontal section of the antenna.....................................................................................................4-50 Figure 4-9 Three tracking paths.........................................................................................................................4-50 Figure 4-10 Aligning the antenna with the first side lobe..................................................................................4-51 Figure 4-11 Testing the RSSI voltage by using a multimeter............................................................................4-53 Figure 4-12 HOP Management..........................................................................................................................4-58 Figure 5-1 Connecting the BER Tester..............................................................................................................5-28 Figure 5-2 Networking diagram for testing Ethernet services...........................................................................5-31 Figure 5-3 Networking diagram for testing Ethernet services...........................................................................5-33 Figure 5-4 Networking diagram for testing Ethernet services...........................................................................5-35 Figure 5-5 Configuration for testing the linear MSP switching.........................................................................5-41 Figure 5-6 Configuration for testing the N+1 protection switching...................................................................5-44 Figure 5-7 Networking diagram.........................................................................................................................5-47 Figure 5-8 Networking diagram for testing ERPS.............................................................................................5-50 Figure 5-9 Two-fiber bidirectional MSP switching...........................................................................................5-52 Figure 5-10 Configuration for testing the linear MSP switching.......................................................................5-56 Figure 6-1 Exterior and key arrangement of type I hand-held tool......................................................................6-3 Figure 6-2 Exterior and key arrangement of type II hand-held tool.....................................................................6-3 Figure 7-1 Networking diagram...........................................................................................................................7-2 Figure 7-2 Board configuration diagram..............................................................................................................7-2 Figure 7-3 Timeslot allocation diagram...............................................................................................................7-4 Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Tables

Tables Table 3-1 Configuring site commissioning data by using the Web LCT.............................................................3-2 Table 3-2 Configuring site commissioning data by using a hand-held tool.........................................................3-4 Table 3-3 System commissioning items...............................................................................................................3-5 Table 3-4 List of tools and meters........................................................................................................................3-6 Table 4-1 Fuse current..........................................................................................................................................4-2 Table 4-2 States of indicators...............................................................................................................................4-4 Table 4-3 Procedure for configuring NEs............................................................................................................4-6 Table 4-4 Procedure for configuring NEs............................................................................................................4-8 Table 4-5 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................4-15 Table 4-6 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................4-16 Table 4-7 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................4-18 Table 4-8 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................4-22 Table 4-9 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................4-25 Table 4-10 Parameters........................................................................................................................................4-32 Table 5-1 Parameters............................................................................................................................................5-5 Table 5-2 Parameters............................................................................................................................................5-7 Table 5-3 Parameters............................................................................................................................................5-9 Table 5-4 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................5-12 Table 5-5 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................5-15 Table 5-6 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................5-20 Table 5-7 Parameters..........................................................................................................................................5-26 Table 7-1 Planning information about radio links................................................................................................7-3 Table 7-2 Information about IF boards.................................................................................................................7-4 Table 7-3 Clock and orderwire information ........................................................................................................7-5 Table 8-1 Parameters............................................................................................................................................8-3 Table 8-2 Parameters............................................................................................................................................8-4 Table 8-3 Parameters............................................................................................................................................8-6 Table 8-4 Parameters for the basic attributes.....................................................................................................8-10 Table 8-5 Parameters for flow control................................................................................................................8-12 Table 8-6 Parameters for the TAG attributes.....................................................................................................8-13 Table 8-7 Parameters for the network attributes.................................................................................................8-14 Table 8-8 Parameters for the advanced attributes...............................................................................................8-14 Table 8-9 Methods used by ports to process data frames...................................................................................8-15 Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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1 Safety Precautions

1

Safety Precautions

1.1 General Safety Precautions The general safety precautions include parts of the safety precautions. Read and follow these safety precautions before installing, operating, and maintaining the equipment. This topic also provides guidelines on how to select the appropriate measuring instruments and test devices.

Specific Safety Precautions Before installing, operating, and maintaining the equipment, read through the instructions and precautions carefully to minimize the possibility of accidents. The Danger, Caution, Warning, and Note items in this document do not cover all the safety precautions that must be followed. They are only parts of the safety precautions as a whole.

Symbols

DANGER Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk that, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

WARNING Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk that, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

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CAUTION Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could cause equipment damage, data loss, performance degradation, or unexpected results. NOTE

Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement important points of the main text.

Local Rules and Regulations When operating the equipment, you must obey the local rules and regulations. The safety precautions provided in this document are supplementary and should be in compliance with the local safety regulations.

Basic Requirements for Installation The installation and maintenance personnel of Huawei equipment must receive strict training and be familiar with the proper operation methods and safety precautions before any operation. l

Only the qualified and skilled personnel are allowed to install, operate, and maintain the equipment.

l

Only the certified professionals are allowed to remove the safety facilities, and to troubleshoot and maintain the equipment.

l

Any replacement or change of the equipment or parts of the equipment (including the software) must be performed by the certified or authorized personnel of Huawei.

l

Any fault or error that may cause a safety problem must be reported immediately to the person in charge.

Grounding Requirements The grounding requirements are applicable to the equipment that needs to be grounded. l

When installing the equipment, always connect the grounding facilities first. When removing the equipment, always disconnect the grounding facilities last.

l

Do not damage the grounding conductor.

l

Do not operate the equipment in the absence of a suitably installed grounding conductor.

l

The equipment should be connected to the protection ground permanently. Before operating the equipment, check the electrical connections of the equipment, and ensure that the equipment is properly grounded.

Human Safety

1-2

l

Do not operate the equipment and cables in the case of lightning.

l

To avoid electric shocks, do not connect the safety extra-low voltage (SELV) circuits to the telephone-network voltage (TNV) circuits.

l

To prevent laser radiation from injuring your eyes, do not look at the optical port directly. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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l

Before operating the equipment, put on the electrostatic discharge (ESD) work uniforms, wear ESD gloves or an ESD wrist strap, and take off metallic articles, such as watch, bracelet, and ring, to prevent electric stock or injury of the human body.

l

In the case of fire, keep away from the building or the area where the equipment is located and press the fire alarm system or dial the phone number for a fire call. In this case, do not enter the building which is on fire.

Equipment Safety l

Before operation, install the equipment firmly on the ground or other rigid objects, such as a wall or a rack.

l

When the system is operating, ensure that the ventilation hole is not blocked.

l

When installing the front panel, use a tool to tighten the screws firmly.

l

After installing the equipment, clean up the packing materials.

1.2 Electrical Safety High Voltage

DANGER l

The high-voltage power supply provides the power for the equipment. Direct or indirect contact of high voltage and mains supply through damp objects may result in fatal danger.

l

Non-standard and improper high-voltage operations may result in certain accidents such as fire or electric shock.

l

The personnel who perform high-voltage operations must be certified for high-voltage and AC operations.

l

The AC cables must be bridged and routed according to the local rules and regulations.

l

When operating AC power supply facilities, obey the local rules and regulations.

l

When performing high-voltage and AC operations, use special tools rather than general tools.

l

When performing operations in a damp environment, ensure that the equipment is kept away from water. Switch off the power supply immediately if you find any water in the rack or if the rack is damp.

Thunderstorm

DANGER Do not perform operations on high voltage, AC power, iron tower, or backstay in stormy weather conditions.

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Power Cable

CAUTION Do not install or remove the power cable with the power on. Transient contact between the core of the power cable and the conductor may generate electric arc or spark, which may cause fire or injury to the eye. l

Before installing or removing the power cable, switch off the power supply.

l

Before connecting the power cable, ensure that the power cable and label conform to the requirements for the installation.

Fuse

CAUTION If the fuse on the equipment blows, replace the fuse with a fuse of the same type and specifications to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

Electrostatic Discharge

CAUTION The static electricity generated by the human body may damage the electrostatic sensitive components on the board, such as the large-scale integrated circuit (LSI). l

The human body generates a static electromagnetic field in the following situations: moving of the human body, friction of the clothes, friction between shoes and the ground, and holding ordinary plastic in hand. The static electromagnetic field will remain within the human body for a long time.

l

Before operating the equipment, parts, circuit boards, or ASICs, wear an ESD wrist strap that is properly grounded. The ESD wrist strap can prevent the electrostatic-sensitive components from being damaged by the static electricity in the human body.

Figure 1-1 shows the method of wearing an ESD wrist strap.

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Figure 1-1 Wearing an ESD wrist strap

1.3 Flammable Air Environment DANGER Do not place or operate the equipment in an environment where flammable gas, explosive gas, or smog exists. Operations on any electronic device in an environment where explosive gas exists may cause extreme risks.

1.4 Radiation Electromagnetic Exposure

DANGER Danger indicates a hazard that, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury.

WARNING Warning indicates a hazard that, if not avoided, could result in moderate or serious injury.

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CAUTION Caution indicates a hazard that, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. If multiple transmit antennas are installed on a tower or backstay, keep away from the transmit directions of the antennas when you install or maintain an antenna locally.

CAUTION Ensure that all personnel are beyond the transmit direction of a working antenna.

Forbidden Area The following requirements should be met: l

Before entering an area where the electromagnetic radiation is beyond the specified range, the associated personnel must shut down the electromagnetic radiator or stay at least 10 meters away from the electromagnetic radiator, if in the transmit direction.

l

A physical barrier and an eye-catching warning flag should be available in each forbidden area.

Laser

CAUTION When handling optical fibers, do not stand close to, or look into the optical fiber outlet directly with unaided eyes. Laser transceivers are used in the optical transmission system and associated test tools. Because the laser transmitted through the bare optical fiber produces a small beam of light, it has the very high power density and is invisible to human eyes. When a beam of light enters the eyes, the retina may be damaged. In normal cases, viewing an un-terminated fiber or a damaged fiber with the unaided eye at distances greater than 150 mm does not cause eye injury. Eye injury may occur, however, if an optical tool such as a microscope, magnifying glass, or eye loupe is used to view the bare fiber end. To avoid laser radiation, read the following guidelines:

1-6

l

All the operations should be performed by authorized personnel who have completed the approved training courses.

l

Wear a pair of eye-protective glasses when you are handling lasers or fibers.

l

Ensure that the optical source is switched off before disconnecting optical fiber connectors.

l

Do not look into the end of an exposed fiber or an open connector when you are not sure whether the optical source is switched off. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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l

Use an optical power meter to check and ensure that the optical source is switched off by measuring the optical power.

l

Before opening the front door of an optical transmission equipment, ensure that you are not exposed to laser radiation.

l

Do not use an optical tool such as a microscope, a magnifying glass, or an eye loupe to view the optical connector or fiber that is transmitting optical signals.

Read the following instructions before handling fibers: l

Cutting and splicing fibers must be performed by the trained personnel only.

l

Before cutting or splicing a fiber, ensure that the fiber is disconnected from the optical source. After disconnecting the fiber, connect the cover caps to the fiber connectors.

1.5 Working at Heights CAUTION When working at heights, be cautious to prevent objects from falling down. The requirements for working at heights are as follows: l

The personnel who work at heights must be trained.

l

The operating machines and tools should be carried and handled safely to prevent them from falling down.

l

Safety measures, such as wearing a helmet and a safety belt, should be taken.

l

Wear cold-proof clothes when working at heights in cold areas.

l

Check all lifting appliances thoroughly before starting the work, and ensure that they are intact.

Weight Lifting

CAUTION Do not enter the areas under the jib arm and the goods in suspension when lifting weight. l

Ensure that the operators have completed the related training and have been certified.

l

Check the weight lifting tools and ensure that they are intact.

l

Lift the weight only when the weight lifting tools are firmly fixed onto the weight-bearing object or the wall.

l

Use a concise command to prevent any incorrect operation.

l

Ensure that the angle between the two cables is less than or equal to 90 degrees during the lifting, as shown in Figure 1-2.

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Figure 1-2 Weight lifting

Using the Ladder Checking the Ladder l

Before using the ladder, check and ensure that the ladder is intact.

l

Before using the ladder, check the maximum weight that the ladder can support. Overweight on the ladder is strictly prohibited.

Placing the Ladder A slant angle of 75 degrees is recommended. The slant can be measured with the angle square or with arms, as shown in Figure 1-3. When a ladder is used, the wide part of the ladder should stand on the ground. Otherwise, take certain protective measures on the base part of the ladder to prevent against sliding. Place the ladder on a rigid ground.

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Figure 1-3 Schematic diagram of slanting a ladder

When climbing the ladder, note the following points: l

Ensure that the gravity center of your body does not deviate from the ladder edge.

l

To lessen the danger and ensure the safety, keep your balance on the ladder before any operation.

l

Do not climb higher than the forth highest step of the ladder.

If you intend to climb to the top, the length of the ladder should be at least one meter higher than the eave, as shown in Figure 1-4. Figure 1-4 Schematic diagram of the ladder one meter higher than the eave

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1.6 Mechanical Safety Drilling Holes

CAUTION Do not drill holes on the cabinet without prior permission. Improper drilling may cause damage to the internal cables and the EMC function of the cabinet. Metallic scraps produced by the drilling may fall into the cabinet and cause short circuits of the circuit boards. l

Before drilling a hole on the cabinet, remove the cables inside the cabinet.

l

During the drilling, ensure that your eyes are protected properly. The flying metallic scraps may cause injury to your eyes.

l

Before drilling a hole on the cabinet, wear the protection gloves.

l

Take measures to prevent the metallic scraps from falling into the cabinet. After the drilling, clean up the metallic scraps.

Sharp Objects

CAUTION When handling the equipment by hands, wear the protection gloves to avoid injury by sharp objects.

Fans l

When replacing components, ensure that no objects such as components, screws, and tools fall into a fan that is running, to prevent damage to the fan or equipment.

l

When replacing the equipment close to a fan, do not put a finger or a board into a fan that is running before the fan is switched off and stops running, to prevent injury to your hands or damage to the equipment.

Handling Heavy Objects When handling heavy objects, wear the protection gloves to prevent injury to your hands.

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CAUTION l

When handling heavy objects, ensure that the weight bearing measures are taken to prevent you from being pressed or sprained.

l

When taking the chassis out from the cabinet, draw attention to the equipment that is unstable or heavy on the cabinet, to prevent any pressing or smashing injury.

l

When handling a chassis, generally, two persons rather than one person are required to handle a heavy chassis. When handling a chassis, keep your back straight and move gently to prevent you from being sprained.

l

When moving or lifting a chassis, hold the handle or bottom of the chassis rather than the handle of a module (such as a power supply module, a fan module, or a board) that has been installed inside the chassis.

1.7 Other Precautions Removing and Inserting Boards

CAUTION When inserting a board, wear an ESD wrist strap or ESD gloves, and handle the board gently to avoid bending pins on the backplane. l

Insert the board along the guiding slot.

l

The contact of board circuits is not allowed to avoid short circuits or scratches.

l

Do not touch the circuit, components, connectors, or routing channels of the board to prevent damage caused by electrostatic discharge of the human body to the electrostaticsensitive components.

Binding Signal Cables

CAUTION Bind the signal cables separately from the high-current or high-voltage cables.

Routing Cables In the case of extremely low temperature, heavy shock or vibration may damage the external plastic coatings of the cables. The following requirements should be observed to ensure safe implementation: l

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1 Safety Precautions l

If the cables are stored in a place where the ambient temperature is lower than zero degrees, you must transfer them to a place where the ambient temperature is room temperature at least 24 hours before the operation.

l

Handle the cables gently, especially in a low-temperature environment. Do not perform any improper operations, for example, pushing the cables down directly from a truck.

High Temperature

WARNING If the ambient temperature exceeds 55°C, the temperature of the front panel surface marked the flag may exceed 70°C. When touching the front panel of the board in such an environment, you must wear the protection gloves.

IF Cables

WARNING Before installing or removing an IF cable, you must turn off the power switch of the IF board.

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2 Guides to High-Risk Operations

2

Guides to High-Risk Operations

About This Chapter This topic describes the operations that easily cause human body injuries and equipment damage in the process of commissioning and maintenance. 2.1 Operation Guide to a Toggle Lever Switch The ODU-PWR switch and the SYS-PWR switch are toggle lever switches. When you turn on or turn off the toggle lever switch, perform the operations in strict compliance with the guidelines. Otherwise, the IF board or the power board may be damaged. 2.2 Operation Guide to IF Jumpers Before removing or installing an IF jumper, turn off the ODU-PWR switch. Otherwise, human body injuries may be caused, and the IF board or the ODU may be damaged. 2.3 Operation Guide to IF Cables Before removing or installing an IF cable, turn off the ODU-PWR switch. Otherwise, human body injuries may be caused, and the IF board or the ODU may be damaged. 2.4 Operation Guide to IF Boards Before removing or installing an IF board, turn off the ODU-PWR switch. Otherwise, the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

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2.1 Operation Guide to a Toggle Lever Switch The ODU-PWR switch and the SYS-PWR switch are toggle lever switches. When you turn on or turn off the toggle lever switch, perform the operations in strict compliance with the guidelines. Otherwise, the IF board or the power board may be damaged.

Position and Description of the Toggle Lever Switch A toggle lever switch is used on the power board or IF board to control the power supply to the IDU or ODU. as shown in Figure 2-1. Figure 2-1 Toggle lever switch O:OFF

I:ON

Turning On the Toggle Lever Switch

2-2

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1.

Pull the toggle lever switch out slightly.

2.

Turn it to the left.

3.

Release the toggle lever switch.

Turning Off the Toggle Lever Switch

1.

Pull the toggle lever switch out slightly.

2.

Turn it to the right.

3.

Release the toggle lever switch.

2.2 Operation Guide to IF Jumpers Before removing or installing an IF jumper, turn off the ODU-PWR switch. Otherwise, human body injuries may be caused, and the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

Procedure Step 1 Turn off the ODU power switch on the IF board. For details, see 2.1 Operation Guide to a Toggle Lever Switch.

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1

2

DANGER Do not remove any IF jumper before the ODU is powered off! Step 2 Remove or install an IF jumper. ----End

2.3 Operation Guide to IF Cables Before removing or installing an IF cable, turn off the ODU-PWR switch. Otherwise, human body injuries may be caused, and the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

Procedure Step 1 Turn off the ODU power switch on the IF board. For details, see 2.1 Operation Guide to a Toggle Lever Switch.

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1

2

DANGER Do not remove any IF cable before the ODU is powered off! Step 2 Install or remove an IF cable. ----End

2.4 Operation Guide to IF Boards Before removing or installing an IF board, turn off the ODU-PWR switch. Otherwise, the IF board or the ODU may be damaged.

Procedure Step 1 Turn off the ODU power switch on the IF board. For details, see 2.1 Operation Guide to a Toggle Lever Switch.

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1

2

3

3

DANGER Do not remove or install any IF board before the ODU is powered off! Step 2 Disconnect the IF jumper or IF cable. Step 3 Remove or install an IF board. ----End

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OptiX RTN 620 Commissioning Guide

3 Commissioning Preparations

3

Commissioning Preparations

About This Chapter Before commissioning the equipment, you must make related preparations. The commissioning preparations are as follows: 3.1 Commissioning Items The commissioning items are classified into two categories: site commissioning items and system commissioning items. 3.2 Documents and Tools Preparation Based on the scale of the radio transmission network, commissioning engineers can adopt the hop commissioning method or network commissioning method. 3.3 Checking Commissioning Conditions Before performing site commissioning and system commissioning, check whether the equipment meets the commissioning requirements.

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3.1 Commissioning Items The commissioning items are classified into two categories: site commissioning items and system commissioning items. 3.1.1 Site Commissioning Items Site commissioning involves the commissioning of a hop of radio link and the sites on both ends. The purpose of site commissioning is to ensure that the hop of radio link is in normal state and to prepare for system commissioning. 3.1.2 System Commissioning Items System commissioning involves the commissioning of the entire radio transmission network. The purpose of system commissioning is to ensure that various services are transmitted normally and protection functions are implemented on the radio transmission network.

3.1.1 Site Commissioning Items Site commissioning involves the commissioning of a hop of radio link and the sites on both ends. The purpose of site commissioning is to ensure that the hop of radio link is in normal state and to prepare for system commissioning. In the case of the OptiX RTN 620, the following methods of site commissioning are available: l

Using the Web LCT to configure data on site

l

Using a hand-held tool to configure data on site NOTE

When using a hand-held tool, you can only commission basic items.

Site Commissioning Items (Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Web LCT) Commissioning engineers can configure site commissioning data by using the Web LCT on site when the following conditions are met: l

Commissioning engineers are capable of configuring radio link data on the OptiX RTN 620.

l

Commissioning engineers are aware of the radio link data planning for the site.

l

Commissioning engineers carry a laptop on which the LCT is installed.

Table 3-1 Configuring site commissioning data by using the Web LCT Commissioning Item

Remarks

Powering On the Equipment

Required

Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Web LCT

3-2

Accessing the Web LCT

Required

Creating NEs by Using the Search Method

Required

Logging In to an NE

Required

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Commissioning Item

Testing Connectivity of the Cables

Aligning Antennasa

Remarks Changing the NE ID

Required

Changing the Name of an NE

Optional

Setting Communication Parameters of an NE

Required

Configuring Logical Boards

Required

Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group

Optional

Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link

Required

Synchronizing NE Time

Required

Configuring the Orderwire

Optional

Checking Alarms

Required

Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables (by using the Web LCT)

Required when E1 cables are used on the site

Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Cables

Required when Ethernet cables are used on the site

Testing Connectivity of Fiber Jumpers

Required when Fiber Jumpers are used on the site

Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas

Required when radio signals are transmitted by singlepolarized antennas

Aligning Dual-Polarized Antennas

Required when radio signals are transmitted by dualpolarized antennas

Querying the Status of Radio Links

Required

Querying the DCN Status

Required

NOTE

a: Before aligning antennas, you must power on the equipment and configure site commissioning data on both ends of the radio link.

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Site Commissioning Items (Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using a Hand-Held Tool) Commissioning engineers can configure site commissioning data by using a hand-held tool on site when the following conditions are met: l

Commissioning engineers are capable of configuring radio link data on the OptiX RTN 620.

l

Commissioning engineers are aware of the radio link data planning for the site.

l

Commissioning engineers carry hand-held tools.

Table 3-2 Configuring site commissioning data by using a hand-held tool Commissioning Item

Remarks

Powering On the Equipment

Required

Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using a Hand-Held Tool

Testing Connectivity of the Cables

Aligning Antennasa

Connecting a Hand-held Tool to the IDU

Required

Configuring NE Attributes

Required

Configuring a Radio Link

Required

Checking Alarms

Required

Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables with a Hand-Held Tool

Required when E1 cables are used on the site

Testing Connectivity of the Ethernet Cables

Required when Ethernet cables are used on the site

Testing Connectivity of Fiber Jumpers

Required when optical fibers are used on the site

Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas

Required when radio signals are transmitted by singlepolarized antennas

Aligning Dual-Polarized Antennas

Required when radio signals are transmitted by dualpolarized antennas

NOTE

a: Before aligning antennas, you must power on the equipment and configure site commissioning data on both ends of the radio link.

3.1.2 System Commissioning Items System commissioning involves the commissioning of the entire radio transmission network. The purpose of system commissioning is to ensure that various services are transmitted normally and protection functions are implemented on the radio transmission network. 3-4

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Table 3-3 System commissioning items Commissioning Item

Remarks

Configuring the Network-Wide Service Data

Required

Testing the E1 Service

Testing the E1 Services by Using a BER Tester

Required when the E1 service is available and a BER tester is available on site

Testing the E1 Service Through PRBS

Required when the E1 service is available and a BER tester is unavailable on site

Testing Ethernet Services by Using the LB Function

Required when the NEs at both ends support the ETH-OAM function

Testing Ethernet Services by Using the Ping Function

Required when the NE at one end supports the ETH-OAM function

Testing Ethernet Services by Using Laptops

Required when neither NEs at both ends supports the ETH-OAM function

Testing AM Switching by Using a BER Tester

Required when the AM function is enabled and a BER tester is available on site

Testing the AM Switching Without a BER Tester

Required when the AM function is enabled and no BER tester is available on site

Testing IF 1+1 Switching

Required when radio links are configured in 1+1 HSB/FD/SD mode

Testing N+1 Protection Switching

Required when N+1 protection is configured

Testing SNCP Switching

Required when the SNCP service is configured

Testing ERPS

Required when ERPS is configured

Testing the TwoFiber Bidirectional MSP Switching

Required when two-fiber bidirectional MSP is configured

Testing Linear MSP Switching

Required when 1+1/1:N linear MSP is configured

Testing Ethernet Services

Testing AM Switching

Testing Protection Switching

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Querying Clock Status

Required

Testing the 24-Hour BER

Required when the E1 service is available

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3.2 Documents and Tools Preparation Based on the scale of the radio transmission network, commissioning engineers can adopt the hop commissioning method or network commissioning method.

Documents Before commissioning the equipment, you must make the following documents available: l

l

Engineering and design documents, including: –

Network Planning

–

Engineering Design

Commissioning guide documents, including: –

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Commissioning Guide

–

OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Configuration Guide

Tools Table 3-4 lists the tools required for the commissioning task. Table 3-4 List of tools and meters

3-6

Tool and Meter

Application Scenario

Adjustable wrench, screwdriver, telescope, intercom, socket-head wrench, multimeter and a test cable with a BNC connector at one end, north-stabilized indicator

Aligning the antennas

Laptop on which the LCT is installed

l

Configuring site commissioning data

l

Testing connectivity of E1 cables

l

Querying the DCN status

Hand-Held Tool

Configuring site commissioning data

BER tester

l

Testing connectivity of E1 cables

l

Testing E1 services by using a BER tester

l

Testing the AM switching by using a BER tester

l

Testing IF 1+1 switching

l

Testing N+1 protection switching

l

Testing SNCP switching

l

Testing two-fiber bidirectional MSP switching

l

Testing linear MSP switching

l

Testing 24-Hour BER

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Tool and Meter

Application Scenario

Network tester

Testing connectivity of Ethernet cables

Optical power meter, short fiber jumper

Testing connectivity of fiber jumpers

NMS server on which the Web LCT is installed

Network commissioning by using the Web LCT

E1 jumper

Testing the 24-hour BER

3.3 Checking Commissioning Conditions Before performing site commissioning and system commissioning, check whether the equipment meets the commissioning requirements. 3.3.1 Checking Site Commissioning Conditions Before performing site commissioning, you need to check the equipment and the weather. 3.3.2 Checking System Commissioning Conditions Before performing system commissioning, you need to check the equipment and the weather.

3.3.1 Checking Site Commissioning Conditions Before performing site commissioning, you need to check the equipment and the weather. The site commissioning conditions are listed as follows: l

The hardware installation must be complete and pass the installation check.

l

The power for the equipment must be available.

l

The service signal cables that are connected to other equipment must be routed as required.

l

The site conditions and antenna commissioning personnel must meet the requirements for operations at heights.

l

The weather must be favorable without rain, snow, or mist.

3.3.2 Checking System Commissioning Conditions Before performing system commissioning, you need to check the equipment and the weather. The system commissioning conditions are listed as follows: l

The NE commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link must be complete.

l

The weather must be favorable for outdoor work. There should be no rain, snow or fog between two sites.

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4

Site Commissioning Guide

About This Chapter This topic describes how to perform all site commissioning items. 4.1 Powering On the Equipment By checking the process of powering on equipment, you can check whether the hardware system of the equipment and the power system are working properly. 4.2 Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Web LCT This topic describes how to configure site commissioning data by using the Web LCT. 4.3 Configuring Site Commissioning Data with a Hand-Held Tool This topic describes how to configure site commissioning data by using a hand-held tool. 4.4 Testing Connectivity of Cables In the installation process, the hardware part of service cables may become faulty or the service cables may be incorrectly connected. To ensure that services run normally, you need to test connectivity of the cables. 4.5 Aligning Antennas Aligning antennas is the most important activity in site commissioning, and its result has a direct impact on the performance of radio links. 4.6 Querying the Status of Radio Links After aligning the antennas, you need to query the status of radio links and ensure that the radio links are in normal status. 4.7 Querying DCN Status The NMS manages NEs through DCN channels. Querying the radio links through the HOP management function on the Web LCT, you can check whether the DCN of radio links runs normally.

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4.1 Powering On the Equipment By checking the process of powering on equipment, you can check whether the hardware system of the equipment and the power system are working properly.

Prerequisite l

The hardware installation must be complete and pass the installation check.

l

The power supply must be available and the fuse capacity must meet the requirement of the equipment.

l

The power supply (such as the power box of the cabinet) must be turned off.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Multimeter

Context In the case of the OptiX RTN 620, the recommended fuse capacities are listed in Table 4-1. Table 4-1 Fuse current Chassis

Fuse Current

OptiX RTN 620

12A

Precautions

CAUTION l

Check weather the power supply for the equipment is DC power supply.

l

If the equipment houses PIU boards that are configured with 1+1 protection, the two PIU boards must be provided with the input power at the same nominal voltage.

l

The SYS-PWR switch of the PXC board and the ODU-PWR switch of the IF board are equipped with locking devices. Thus, you must gently pull out the switches to turn them. If the switch points to "O", it indicates that the switch is off. If the switch points to "I", it indicates that that switch is on.

l

If the output voltage of the power supply does not meet the test requirements, reconstruct the power supply and do not power on the cabinet.

Procedure Step 1 Set the SYS-PWR switch of the PXC to "O". Step 2 Set the ODU-PWR switch of the IF board to "O". 4-2

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Step 3 Use the multimeter to test the voltage and polarization of the input power at the access point (such as the output terminal of the power box on the cabinet). l

When the nominal voltage of the input power is -48 V, the tested voltage should be between -38.4 V and -57.6 V.

l

When the nominal voltage of the input power is -60 V, the tested voltage should be between -48 V and -72 V.

WARNING If the measured voltage is not within the range, you must troubleshoot the power equipment before proceeding to the next step. The voltage that is not within the range can cause damage to the equipment or even personal injury. Step 4 Check and ensure that the power cables are connected correctly, and turn on the power switch of the IDU. Step 5 Set the SYS-PWR switch of the PXC board to "I". Check the indicators of the boards on the IDU. The indicators conform to the following description: 1.

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As shown in Figure 4-1, the PWR indicator of the PXC board and the FAN indicator of the fan board are green. If the indicators are not green, handle the fault based on Table 4-2.

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STAT PWR SYNC ACT

Figure 4-1 Normal state

Table 4-2 States of indicators Indicator

State

Description

PWR

Constantly green

Indicates that the power supply is in normal condition.

Off

Indicates a power failure.

Constantly green

Indicates that the fan is running normally.

Constantly red

Indicates that the fan is faulty.

Off

Indicates that the board does not start working, is not created, or not supplied with power.

FAN

2.

4-4

The PROG indicator on the front panel of the SCC board is green, off, blinks green, and then off. The whole process lasts about two minutes.

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This process is based on the NE that is not configured with service data. If the NE is configured with service data, this process lasts longer.

3.

The STAT indicator on the front panel of the SCC board is green.

STAT PROG

Figure 4-2 Normal state

NOTE

l

For detailed meanings of the indicators, see the IDU Hardware Description.

l

In the case of a board except the SCC board on the IDU, the STAT indicator is on only after the corresponding logical board is added.

Step 6 Set the ODU-PWR switch of the IF board to "I". Check whether the ODU indicator of the IF board is green. NOTE

If the ODU indicator is not green, contact Huawei engineers to handle the fault.

----End

4.2 Configuring Site Commissioning Data by Using the Web LCT This topic describes how to configure site commissioning data by using the Web LCT. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Procedure for Configuring a TDM Radio Link Table 4-3 Procedure for configuring NEs Step

Operation

Description

1

4.2.2 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method

It is recommended that you perform this operation when you need to create NEs by using the centralized NMS. Set the parameters as follows: Domain: When the IP address of the GNE is known, it is recommended that you set the IP address of the GNE as the search domain. In the case of initial configuration, it is recommended that you set the 129.9.255.255 network segment as the search domain.

2

3

4.2.3 Logging In to an NE

Required. Set the parameters as follows:

4.2.4 Changing NE IDs

Required. Set the parameters as follows:

Set User Name and Password to correct values. The default User Name is lct and the default Password is password.

l

Set New ID to be the NE ID specified in the DCN planning information.

l

If a unique extended NE ID is required, change New Extended ID.

4

4.2.5 Changing NE Names

Optional.

5

4.2.6 Setting NE Communication Parameters

Required. Set the parameters as follows: l

In the case of a GNE, set IP and Subnet Mask according to the planning information of the external DCN.

l

In the case of a GNE, set Gateway IP if the external DCN requires.

l

In the case of a non-GNE, it is recommended that you set IP to 0x81000000 + NE ID. That is, if the NE ID is 0x090001, set IP to 129.9.0.1. Set Subnet Mask to 255.255.0.0.

NOTE If the IP address of an NE has not been changed manually, the IP address changes according to the NE ID and is always 0x81000000 + NE ID. In this case, the IP address of a non-GNE need not be changed manually.

6

4-6

4.2.7 Configuring Logical Boards

Required.

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Step

Operation

Description

7

4.2.8 Creating an IF 1 +1 Protection Group

Required when a radio link is configured with 1+1 protection. Set the parameters according to the service planning information.

8

4.2.9 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link

Required. Set the parameters as follows: l

Set Work Mode, Link ID, and ATPC Enable Status according to the service planning information.

l

Set ATPC Enable Status to Disabled.

l

Set TX Frequency (MHz), TX Power(dBm), and T/R Spacing(MHZ) according to the service planning information.

l

Set TX Status to unmute.

l

Set Power to Be Received(dBm) to the receive level specified in the service planning information. The antenna non-alignment indication function is enabled only after this parameter is set. When the antenna non-alignment indication function is enabled, if the actual receive power of the ODU is beyond the range of the preset receive power ± 3 dB, the ODU indicator on the IF board connected to the ODU blinks yellow (300 ms on and 300 ms off), indicating that the antennas are not aligned. After the antennas are aligned for consecutive 30 minutes, the NE automatically disables the antenna non-alignment indication function.

NOTE l In the case of radio links configured with 1+1 HSB/SD,

you need to configure the IF and ODU information only on the main radio link. In the case of radio links configured with 1+1 FD, you need to configure the IF and ODU information on the main radio link and the ODU information on the standby radio link. l To configure TDM radio links with N+1 protection, you

need to configure the IF and ODU information on each link.

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9

4.2.10 Synchronizing NE Time

Required. During the site commissioning, you only need to synchronize the NE with the NMS.

10

4.2.11 Configuring the Orderwire

Optional.

11

4.2.12 Checking Alarms

Required.

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l

The preceding configuration procedure is applicable to the scenarios wherein HWECC is used as the DCN solution. When a DCN solution other than HWECC is used, the DCN-related operations described in the preceding configuration procedure may be inapplicable.

l

Only SDH radio in STM-1 mode supports N+1 protection configuration and XPIC configuration.

l

In the case of radio links configured with N+1 protection group, you need to configure each radio link separately.

l

If the SDH microwave uses the XPIC function, consider the XPIC workgroup as two independent SDH radio links and configure the two radio links separately.

Procedure for Configuring a Hybrid Radio Link Table 4-4 Procedure for configuring NEs Step

Operation

Description

1

4.2.2 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method

It is recommended that you perform this operation when you need to create NEs by using the centralized NMS. Set the parameters as follows: Domain: When the IP address of the GNE is known, it is recommended that you set the IP address of the GNE as the search domain. In the case of initial configuration, it is recommended that you set the 129.9.255.255 network segment as the search domain.

2

3

4

4-8

4.2.3 Logging In to an NE

Required. Set the parameters as follows:

4.2.4 Changing NE IDs

Required. Set the parameters as follows:

4.2.5 Changing NE Names

Set User Name and Password to correct values. The default User Name is lct and the default Password is password.

l

Set New ID to be the NE ID specified in the DCN planning information.

l

If a unique extended NE ID is required, change New Extended ID.

Optional.

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Step

Operation

Description

5

4.2.6 Setting NE Communication Parameters

Required. Set the parameters as follows: l

In the case of a GNE, set IP and Subnet Mask according to the planning information of the external DCN.

l

In the case of a GNE, set Gateway IP if the external DCN requires.

l

In the case of a non-GNE, it is recommended that you set IP to 0x81000000 + NE ID. That is, if the NE ID is 0x090001, set IP to 129.9.0.1. Set Subnet Mask to 255.255.0.0.

NOTE If the IP address of an NE has not been changed manually, the IP address changes according to the NE ID and is always 0x81000000 + NE ID. In this case, the IP address of a non-GNE need not be changed manually.

6

4.2.7 Configuring Logical Boards

Required.

7

4.2.8 Creating an IF 1 +1 Protection Group

Required when a radio link is configured with 1+1 protection. Set the parameters according to the service planning information.

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Step

Operation

Description

8

4.2.9 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link

Required. Set the parameters as follows: l

Set Enable AM and Channel Space according to the networking planning information.

l

Set Enable AM to Disabled and set Manually Specified Modulation to Guaranteed Capacity Modulation according to the service planning information.

l

Set E1 Capacity, Link ID, and ATPC Enable Status according to the service planning information.

l

Set ATPC Enable Status to Disabled.

l

Set TX Frequency(MHz), T/R Spacing(MHz), and TX Power(dBm according to the service planning information.

l

Set TX Status to unmute.

l

Set Power to Be Received(dBm) to the receive level specified in the service planning information. The antenna non-alignment indication function is enabled only after this parameter is set. When the antenna non-alignment indication function is enabled, if the actual receive power of the ODU is beyond the range of the preset receive power ± 3 dB, the ODU indicator on the IF board connected to the ODU blinks yellow (300 ms on and 300 ms off), indicating that the antennas are not aligned. After the antennas are aligned for consecutive 30 minutes, the NE automatically disables the antenna non-alignment indication function.

NOTE In the case of radio links configured with 1+1 HSB/SD, you need to configure the IF and ODU information only on the main radio link. In the case of radio links configured with 1+1 FD, you need to configure the IF and ODU information on the main radio link and the ODU information on the standby radio link.

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9

4.2.10 Synchronizing NE Time

Required. During the site commissioning, you only need to synchronize the NE with the NMS.

10

4.2.11 Configuring the Orderwire

Optional.

11

4.2.12 Checking Alarms

Required.

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l

The preceding configuration procedure is applicable to the scenarios wherein HWECC is used as the DCN solution. When a DCN solution other than HWECC is used, the DCN-related operations described in the preceding configuration procedure may be inapplicable.

4.2.1 Connecting the Web LCT to the IDU Connecting the Web LCT to the IDU properly is a prerequisite for future data configuration and for other commissioning items.

Prerequisite The equipment must be powered on.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Laptop on which the LCT is installed

Procedure Step 1 Start the laptop computer, and log in to the operating system. Step 2 Set the IP address information about this computer. The IP address should comply with the following conditions: l

IP address: The IP address should be in the same network segment (129.9.0.0 by default) as the IP address of the NE. The IP address of the computer and the IP address of the NE cannot be the same.

l

Subnet mask: The subnet mask of the computer is the same as the subnet mask of the NE (the default subnet mask is 255.255.0.0).

l

Default gateway: null

Step 3 Use a network cable to connect the Ethernet port of the laptop to the port marked "ETH" on the SCC. The ETH interface supports the MDI/MDI-X autosensing. Hence, you can use the straightthrough cable or crossover cable to connect to it. In this case, the green indicators of the ETH interface and network interface of the laptop computer are lit on. In addition, if you set the prompt for the local area connection in the operating system of the laptop computer, a prompt is displayed indicating that the network is connected. If the operating system prompts an IP address conflict, set the IP address again. Step 4 Optional: Set the Internet Explorer (IE) as the default browser. Step 5 Optional: Set the priority level of the IE to middle or below. Step 6 Optional: Disable the function that blocks the popup window. NOTE

If there are other installed plug-ins to block the popup window, disable the function of all the plug-ins.

Step 7 Optional: Set the options of the IE. 1.

Start the IE.

2.

Choose Tools > Internet Options from the toolbar.

3.

In the Common tab, click Settings in the Internet Temporaries box.

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4.

In Check for newer versions of stored pages, click Every visit to the page, and then click OK.

5.

Click OK.

Step 8 On desktop, double-click the Start Web LCT icon. The system displays the USER LOGIN window of the Web LCT.

Step 9 Enter User Name and Password, and then click Login. The user name of the Web LCT is admin by default, and the corresponding password is admin by default. If the entered user name and the password are both correct, the NE List page is displayed in the IE.

----End

4.2.2 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method The Web LCT can find all NEs that communicate with a specific gateway NE according to the IP address of the gateway NE or the IP address range of the gateway NE. In addition, the Web LCT can create the NEs in batches. Compared with the method of manually creating NEs, this method is quicker and more reliable.

Prerequisite The NEs must gain the access to the computer where the Web LCT software is installed. 4-12

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Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Context You can create an NE by searching for the NE and then adding the NE on the Web LCT. In addition, you can create an NE by adding the NE manually. Generally, the NE ID is not known during initial NE configuration. Therefore, the searching method is used to create an NE in most cases.

Procedure Step 1 In NE List, click NE Search. Then, the Search NE dialog box is displayed. Step 2 Optional: Set Domain to 129.9.255.255, and click Search. NOTE

During initial configuration, Domain is 129.9.255.255 by default. After the gateway NE IP address of the searched NE is changed, you need to change the value of Domain.

Step 3 After the Web LCT finds the NEs to be managed, click End Search.

Step 4 Select the NE that needs to be added and click Add NE. A dialog box is displayed, indicating that the NE is added successfully. Step 5 Click OK. A new NE is already added to the NE list.

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Step 6 Click Cancel. ----End

4.2.3 Logging In to an NE After an NE is created, you need to log in to the NE before managing the NE.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The NEs to be managed must be created in the NE List.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE List, select the target NE and click NE Login. TIP

You can select more than one NE at one time.

The NE Login dialog box is displayed. Step 2 Enter User Name and Password. Then, click OK.

l

The default User Name is lct.

l

The default Password of user lct is password.

Login Status of the NE in the NE List changes to Logged In. Alarm Status of the NE is changed from Unknown to the current alarm status of the NE. Step 3 Click NE Explorer. The NE Explorer is displayed. 4-14

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To quickly start the NE Explorer, double-click the NE to be managed in the NE list.

TIP

l

Check the legend to learn the specific meanings of different colors and symbols in the slot layout diagram.

l

Click

to fold/unfold the legend.

----End

Example Table 4-5 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

User Name

-

lct

This parameter specifies the name of the user. This parameter can take the default value in the case of initial login.

Password

-

-

The default password of user lct is password.

Use same user name and password to login

Selected

Deselected

When this parameter is selected, enter User Name and Password to log in to all the selected NEs.

Use the user name and password that was used last time

Selected

Deselected

When this parameter is selected, enter User Name and Password that were used for the latest login to log in to the NE.

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Deselected

Deselected

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4.2.4 Changing NE IDs This section describes how to change NE IDs according to the engineering plan to ensure that each NE ID is unique. The modification does not affect services.

Prerequisite The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and choose Configuration > NE Attribute from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click Modify NE ID. The Modify NE ID dialog box is displayed. Step 3 Set a new ID for the NE.

Step 4 Click OK. Then, a dialog box is displayed. Click OK. ----End

Example Table 4-6 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

New ID

1 to 49135

-

l

The new ID refers to the basic ID. When the extended ID is not used, the basic ID of an NE within any network that is managed by an NMS must be unique.

l

Set this parameter according to the DCN planning information.

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

New Extended ID

1 to 254

9

l

When the number of existing NEs does not exceed the range represented by the basic ID, do not modify the extended ID.

l

It is recommended that this parameter takes the default value.

NOTE

The NE ID has 24 bits. The highest eight bits represent the subnet ID (or the extended ID) and the lowest 16 bits represent the basic ID. For example, if the ID of an NE is 0x090001, the subnet ID of the NE is 9 and the basic ID is 1.

Postrequisite In the case of the OptiX RTN 620, you only need to close the NE Explorer and then re-log in to the NE, if the IP address does not change accordingly after the NE ID changes; You need to delete the original NE, create an NE, and then log in to the NE, if the IP address of the NE changes after the NE ID changes. Before the IP address of the NE is changed manually, the IP address changes accordingly if the NE ID changes. After the IP address of the NE is changed manually, the IP address does not change accordingly if the NE ID changes.

4.2.5 Changing NE Names To accurately identify an NE in the Main Topology, you need to name the NE according to the geographical location or the equipment connected to the NE.

Prerequisite The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Configuration > NE Attribute from the Function Tree. Step 2 Enter the name of the NE in Name. Step 3 Click Apply. ----End

4.2.6 Setting NE Communication Parameters The communication parameters of an NE include the IP address and extended ID of the NE, the gateway IP address, NSAP address, and the subnet mask. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Prerequisite The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Communication > Communication Parameters from the Function Tree. Step 2 Set the communication parameters of the NE.

Step 3 Click Apply. ----End

Example Table 4-7 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

IP

-

Before delivery, the IP address of the NE is set to 129.9.0.x. The letter x indicates the basic ID.

In the HWECC solution, an IP address is set according to the following rules: l The IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway of the gateway NE must meet the

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Gateway IP

-

0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask

-

255.255.0.0

Description

l

l

Extended ID

1 to 254

9

planning requirements of the external DCN. If an NE uses the extended ECC, the IP address must be in the same network segment. The IP address of other NEs must be set according to the NE ID. In this example, the IP address of an NE must be set in the format of 0x81000000+ID. That is, if the ID is 0x090001, the IP address must be set to 129.9.0.1.

l

Do not change the extended ID when the number of actual NEs does not exceed the range permitted by the basic NE ID.

l

It is recommended that this parameter takes the default value.

NSAP Address

-

-

This parameter is valid only when the OSI over DCC solution is applied. This parameter is used to set only the area ID of an NSAP address. The other parts of the NSAP address are automatically generated by the NE.

Connection Mode

Common

Common

The communication between the client and the server is encrypted if this parameter is set to Security SSL.

Security SSL

4.2.7 Configuring Logical Boards If the logical board corresponding to a physical board is not added in the slot layout, add the logical board in the slot layout. If the physical board is inconsistent with the logical board in the slot layout, delete the inconsistent logical board and add the correct logical board.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

All the boards must be installed correctly.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Context The NE software manages a physical board by considering the physical board as one or more logical boards. In the OptiX RTN 620: Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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An SCC physical board is considered as a logical SCC and a logical EOW board. The slot number of the logical SCC board is 2, and the slot number of the logical EOW is 21.

l

Other physical boards of the IDU are considered as the logical boards with the same names. The slot numbers of the logical boards are the same as the slot numbers of the corresponding physical boards.

An ODU is considered as an ODU logical board. The ODU logical slot number is 10 plus the slot number of the IF board connected to the ODU. The STAT indicator on the physical IDU board will be lit only if the logical IDU board matches with the physical IDU board.

Procedure Step 1 Click the Slot Layout tab and click Add Logical Boards. Based on the slot layout, the NE automatically configures the logical boards that are required but still not be configured for certain physical boards. Step 2 Optional: Right-click the slots in which boards are to be added, and select Add xxx. "xxx" refers to the boards to be added. NOTE

Add the PXC board before you add the IF boards and service boards. Manually adding the logical boards applies to the cases when relevant data need to be configured before the physical boards are installed.

Step 3 Optional: Right-click the slots in which boards are to be deleted, and select Delete. Delete the services, clock, orderwire and protections on the boards before you delete the boards. ----End

4.2.8 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group If the radio link adopts 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection, you need to create the corresponding IF 1 +1 protection group.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected must be added.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the IF 1+1 Protection tab. Step 3 Click New. Then, the Create IF 1+1 Protection dialog box is displayed. 4-20

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Step 4 Set the parameters of the IF 1+1 protection.

Step 5 Click OK. ----End

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Example Table 4-8 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Working Mode

HSB

HSB

l

In 1+1 HSB protection mode, the system provides a 1+1 hot standby configuration for the IF board and ODU at both ends of each hop of a radio link to provide protection.

l

In 1+1 FD protection mode, the system uses two channels that have a frequency spacing between them, to transmit and receive the same signal. The remote end selects signals from the two received signals. With the 1+1 FD protection, the impact of the fading on signal transmission is reduced.

l

In 1+1 SD protection mode, the system uses two antennas that have a space distance between them, to receive the same signal. The equipment selects signals from the two received signals. With the 1+1 SD protection, the impact of the fading on signal transmission is reduced.

l

The 1+1 FD protection mode and 1+1 SD protection mode are compatible with the 1+1 HSB switching function.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information.

l

When this parameter is set to Revertive, the NE that is in the switching state releases the switching and enables the former working channel to return to the normal state some time after the former working channel is restored to normal.

l

When this parameter is set to NonRevertive, the NE that is in the switching state keeps the current state unchanged unless another switching occurs even though the former working channel is restored to normal.

l

It is recommended that this parameter takes the default value.

FD SD

Revertive Mode

Revertive

Revertive

Non-Revertive

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

WTR Time (s)

300 to 720

600

l

This parameter is valid only when Revertive Mode is set to Revertive.

l

When the time after the former working channel is restored to normal reaches the set wait-to-restore (WTR) time, a revertive switching occurs.

l

It is recommended that this parameter takes the default value.

l

When both the main IF board and the standby IF board at the sink end report service alarms, they send the alarms to the source end by using the MWRDI overhead in the microwave frame. When this parameter at the source end is set to Enable and the reverse switching conditions are met, the IF 1+1 protection switching occurs at the source end.

l

This parameter is valid only when Working Mode is set to HSB or SD.

l

Generally, if Working Mode is set to HSB, it is recommended that you set this parameter to Disabled; if Working Mode is set to SD, it is recommended that you set this parameter to Enabled.

l

In 1+1 FD/SD mode, two IF boards must be installed as a pair in slots 5 and 7 (the IF board in slot 5 is recommended to be the main board) or in slots 6 and 8 (the IF board in slot 6 is recommended to be the main board). In 1+1 HSB mode, the IF boards can be installed in slots 5-8. It is recommended that you install two IF boards in a pair in slots 5 and 7 (the IF board in slot 5 is the main board) or in slots 6 and 8 (the IF board in slot 6 is the main board).

Enable

Enable Reverse Switching

Enable

Disable

IF ports

Working Board

-

Protection Board

l

NOTE

The parameters Working Mode, Revertive Mode, WTR Time (s), and Enable Reverse Switching must be set to the same values at both ends of a radio link hop.

Postrequisite l

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the related information of the active microwave link except the transmission status of the ODU. l

In the case of 1+1 FD protection, you need to configure the IF/ODU information of the main radio link and the information of the standby ODU later. The standby radio link automatically copies the IF information of the main radio link. NOTE

The default TX Status of an ODU is Unmute. Therefore, you need not configure the TX Status of the standby ODU after you create an IF 1+1 protection group.

4.2.9 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link By configuring the IF/ODU information of a radio link, you can configure the IF/ODU information that is frequently used by the radio link.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected must be added.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Precautions l

In 1+1 HSB/SD protection mode, one protection group corresponds to one radio link. In this case, you need configure only the IF/ODU information of the main equipment.

l

In 1+1 FD protection mode, one protection group corresponds to one radio link. In this case, you need configure the IF/ODU information of the main equipment and the ODU information of the standby equipment.

l

In the case of XPIC radio links, one XPIC workgroup corresponds to two radio links. The IF/ODU information of the radio links must be configured in the XPIC workgroup.

l

In the case of N+1 protection mode, one N+1 protection group corresponds to N+1 radio links and the IF/ODU information of the N+1 radio links must be set separately.

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab. Step 3 Click an IF board icon or ODU icon. Then, the system displays the IF/ODU information of the radio link to which the IF board or ODU to which the IF board is connected belongs. Step 4 Configure the corresponding IF information of the radio link. Step 5 Click Apply. Step 6 Configure the corresponding ODU information of the radio link. Step 7 Click Apply. 4-24

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You need to click Apply after you set the IF information of the radio link and click Apply after you set the ODU information of the radio link.

----End

Example Table 4-9 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Work Mode

1,4E1,7MHz,QPSK

-

l

This parameter indicates the radio work mode in "work mode, service capacity, channel spacing, modulation mode" format.

l

The IF1A/IF1B board supports radio working modes 1-15 and the IF0A/IF0B board supports radio working modes 5 and 16-18. The IFX board supports radio working mode 7.

l

The IFH2 board on the IDU 620 does not support Work Mode.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information. The radio working modes of the IF boards at both ends of the radio link must be the same.

2,4E1,3.5MHz, 16QAM 3,8E1,14MHz,QPS K 4,8E1,7MHz, 16QAM 5,16E1,28MHz,QP SK 6,16E1,14MHz, 16QAM 7,STM-1,28MHz, 128QAM 8,E3,28MHz,QPSK 9,E3,14MHz, 16QAM 10,22E1,14MHz, 32QAM 11,26E1,14MHz, 64QAM 12,32E1,14MHz, 128QAM 13,35E1,28MHz, 16QAM 14,44E1,28MHz, 32QAM 15,53E1,28MHz, 64QAM 16,5E1,7MHz,QPS K 17,10E1,14MHz,Q PSK 18,2E1,3.5MHz,QP SK

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Link ID

1 to 4094

-

l

As the identifier of a radio link, this parameter is used to prevent misconnection of radio links between sites.

l

If this parameter is different from Received Link ID, the NE reports the MW_LIM alarm and inserts the AIS into the downstream.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information. Each radio link of an NE must have a unique link ID, and the link IDs at both ends of a radio link must be the same.

Received Link ID

-

-

This parameter displays the received link ID. NOTE The link ID at the local end must the same as the link ID at the opposite end.

ATPC Enable Status

Enabled

-

l

This parameter specifies whether the ATPC function is enabled. This parameter indicates whether the ATPC function is enabled. The ATPC function ensures that the transmit power of the transmitter automatically traces the changes of the receive level at the receive end, within the ATPC controlled range.

l

In the case of areas where fast fading is severe, it is recommended that you set this parameter to Disabled.

l

During commissioning, set this parameter to Disabled to ensure that the transmit power is not changed. After commissioning, re-set the ATPC attributes.

Disabled

ATPC Threshold (dBm)

-

-

This parameter displays the permitted ATPC adjustment range.

ATPC Upper Threshold(dBm)

-75.0 to -20.0

-45.0

l

l

4-26

Set the central value between the ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC lower threshold to a value for the expected receive power. It is recommended that you set ATPC Upper Threshold(dBm) to the sum of the planned central value between the ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC lower threshold and 10 dB, and ATPC Lower Threshold(dBm) to the

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

ATPC Lower Threshold(dBm)

-35.0 to -90.0

-70.0

Description

l

ATPC Automatic Threshold Enable Status

TX Frequency (MHz)

Enabled

Disabled

l

This parameter specifies whether the ATPC automatic threshold function is enabled.

l

If this parameter is set to Enabled, the equipment automatically uses the preset ATPC upper and lower thresholds according to the work mode of the radio link.

l

If this parameter is set to Disabled, you need to manually set ATPC Upper Threshold(dBm) and ATPC Lower Threshold(dBm).

l

The parameter specifies the channel center frequency.

l

The value of this parameter must not be less than the sum of the lower transmit frequency limit supported by the ODU and a half of the channel spacing, and must not be more than the difference between the upper transmit frequency limit supported by the ODU and a half of the channel spacing.

l

The difference between the transmit frequencies of the ODUs at both ends of a radio link is a T/R spacing.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information.

Disabled

0 to 4294967.295

-

difference between the planned central value between the ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC lower threshold and 10 dB. You can set the ATPC upper threshold only when ATPC Automatic Threshold (dBm) is set to Disabled.

Range of TX Frequency(MHz)

-

-

This parameter specifies the transmit frequency range of an ODU.

Actual TX Frequency(MHz)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual transmit frequency of an ODU.

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Actual RX Frequency(MHz)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual receive frequency of an ODU.

T/R Spacing (MHZ)

0 to 4294967.295

-

l

This parameter indicates the spacing between the TX frequency and receive frequency of the ODU. If Station Type of the ODU is TX high, the transmit frequency is one T/R spacing higher than the receive power. If Station Type of the ODU is TX low, the transmit frequency is one T/R spacing lower than the receive power.

l

If the ODU supports only one T/R spacing, set this parameter to 0, indicating that the T/R spacing supported by the ODU is used.

l

The T/R spacing of the ODU should be set to the same value at both the ends of a radio link.

Actual T/R Spacing(MHZ)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual T/R spacing of a board.

TX Power(dBm)

-10.0 to +35.0

-

l

The value of this parameter must not exceed the rated power range supported by the ODU.

l

The transmit power of the ODU must be set to the same value at both ends of a radio link.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information.

Range of TX Power (dBm)

-

-

This parameter specifies the transmit power range of an ODU.

Actual TX Power (dBm)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual transmit power of an ODU.

Actual RX Power (dBm)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual receive power of an ODU.

TX Status

mute

-

l

When Transmission Status is set to mute, the transmitter of the ODU does not work but the ODU can normally receive radio signals.

l

When Transmission Status is set to unmute, the ODU normally transmits and receives radio signals.

l

This parameter, generally, takes the default value.

unmute

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Actual TX Status

mute

-

This parameter displays the transmission status of the RF transmitter.

unmute Frequency(GHz)

-

-

This parameter displays the operating frequency band of an ODU.

Equip Type

-

-

This parameter displays the type of an ODU.

Station Type

-

-

This parameter displays the type of a site.

Produce SN

-

-

This parameter displays the production serial number and the manufacturer code of an ODU.

Transmission Power Type

-

-

This parameter displays the output power level of an ODU.

NOTE

The ATPC attributes must be set to the same at both the ends of a radio link.

4.2.10 Synchronizing NE Time By synchronizing the time of an NE, you can set the time on the NE to be synchronized with the time on the Web LCT.

Prerequisite l

The NE must be configured with basic data.

l

In the case of the laptop on which the LCT is installed, the time zone must be set correctly and the time of the laptop must be accurate.

l

The NE user must have the authority of Maintenance Level or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Laptop on which the LCT is installed

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the required NE and then choose Configuration > NE Time Synchronization from the Function Tree. Step 2 Right-click the NE time of which needs to be synchronized, and choose Synchronize with NM Time from the shortcut menu.

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----End

4.2.11 Configuring the Orderwire The orderwire for an NE provides a dedicated communication channel that the network maintenance personnel can use.

Prerequisite The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Context The communication channel must be available for activating the orderwire. l

When an SDH optical/electrical line exists between two NEs, the overhead byte E1 or E2 in the SDH frames can be used as the orderwire communication channel.

l

When a radio link exists between two NEs, a fixed overhead byte in the radio frames can be used as the orderwire communication channel.

l

When no SDH optical/electrical line and microwave link exists between two NEs, connect the external clock ports or synchronous data ports of the two NEs to provide the orderwire communication channel.

The OptiX RTN 620 supports the group call function of the orderwire. When an OptiX RTN 620 dials the orderwire group call number 888, the orderwire phones of all the OptiX RTN 620s in the orderwire subnet ring. When an OptiX RTN 620 answers the phone call, the other OptiX RTN 620s stop ringing, that is, the group call becomes a point-to-point call between two NEs.

Procedure Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Orderwire from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the General tab. Step 3 Configure the orderwire information.

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Step 4 Click the Apply. Step 5 Optional: Modify the orderwire occupied overhead bytes. 1.

Click the Advanced tab.

2.

Configure Orderwire Occupied Bytes.

3.

Click the Apply.

----End

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Example Table 4-10 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Call Waiting Time (s)

1 to 9

9

l

This parameter indicates the waiting time after the local station dials the number. If the calling station does not receive the response message from the called station within the call waiting time, it automatically removes the communication connection.

l

If less than 30 nodes exist in the orderwire subnet, it is recommended that you set this parameter to 5s. If more than 30 nodes exist in the orderwire subnet, it is recommended that you set this parameter to 9s.

l

Set the same call waiting time for all the NEs.

l

This parameter indicates the orderwire phone number of the local station.

l

The length of the orderwire phone number of each NE should be the same. It is recommended that the phone number consists of three numerics.

l

The orderwire phone number of each NE should be unique. It is recommended that the phone numbers are allocated from 101 for the NEs according to the NE IDs.

l

The orderwire phone number cannot be set to the group call number 888 and cannot start with 888.

Phone 1

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100 to99999999

101

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Orderwire port

Line ports

-

l

This parameter indicates the ports that can transmit the orderwire information.

l

The OptiX RTN 620 does not support conference calls and thus allows the lines that transmit the orderwire information to form a loop.

l

If the radio link between two nodes is configured with 1+1 protection, only the line port of the main IF board need to be used as the orderwire port.

l

If multiple links (for example, configured with XPIC or N+1 protection) exist between two nodes, the line ports corresponding to all the links need to be used as the orderwire ports.

l

When orderwire communication is implemented by interconnecting the two NEs through the external clock ports, the external clock ports need to be used as the orderwire ports.

l

When orderwire communication is implemented by interconnecting the two NEs through the synchronous data ports, the F1 port need to be used as the orderwire port.

l

This parameter indicates the overhead byte that is used to transmit the orderwire information.

l

Regardless the parameter value, the radio link uses a fixed self-defined overhead byte to transmit the orderwire information. Hence, this parameter should be set according to the occupied SDH overhead bytes in the ordinary SDH.

external clock port F1 port

Orderwire Occupied Bytes

E1

E1

E2

4.2.12 Checking Alarms By checking the alarms generated by the equipment, you can check whether the equipment is working properly.

Prerequisite l

The NE must be connected to the Web LCT.

l

The NE must be configured with basic data.

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Tools, Equipment, and Materials Laptop on which the LCT is installed

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an NE from the Object Tree, and then click

in the toolbar.

Step 2 Click the Browse Current Alarms tab. Step 3 Check the displayed alarm information. Check whether there are equipment alarms, particularly the following types of alarms: l

POWER_ALM

l

FAN_FAIL

l

HARD_BAD

l

BD_STATUS

l

SYNC_C_LOS

l

CONFIG_NOSUPPORT

l

NESF_LOST

l

TEMP_ALARM

l

IF_CABLE_OPEN

l

XPIC_LOS

For details on the previous alarms and about how to handle them, see the Maintenance Guide. ----End

4.3 Configuring Site Commissioning Data with a HandHeld Tool This topic describes how to configure site commissioning data by using a hand-held tool. 4.3.1 Connecting Hand-Held Tools to IDUs Hand-held tools need to be connected to IDUs before data configuration. 4.3.2 Set NE Attributes By setting NE attributes, you can configure NE ID, NE IP, and NE name. 4.3.3 Configuring a Radio Link To configure a radio link, you can configure the IF information, ODU information and protection modes of the radio link. 4.3.4 Checking Alarms By checking the current alarms on the equipment, you can check whether the equipment is working normally.

4.3.1 Connecting Hand-Held Tools to IDUs Hand-held tools need to be connected to IDUs before data configuration. 4-34

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Prerequisite The equipment must be powered on.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Hand-held tools

Procedure Step 1 Use appropriate cables to connect hand-held tools to IDUs, as shown in Figure 4-3. Figure 4-3 Connecting hand-held tools to IDUs

Hand-held tool IDU 620 COM port MINI USB port

DB9-female

DB9-male

DB9-male

Step 2 Press the Power button on a hand-held tool until the hand-held tool starts. Two seconds later, the login interface is displayed.

Step 3 The hand-held tool logs in to the system automatically and queries the NE information. The queried slot information is displayed in the standby interface.

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l

If the Login Fail ! message is displayed in the login interface, the hand-held tool starts another login attempt until login succeeds.

l

Login is completed automatically and may last a long period. Do not press any button in the login process. Otherwise, the system stops the login process.

l

In the standby interface, the hand-held tool relogs in to the system any time you press the 0 button.

l

If the Abnormal Connection message is displayed in the standby interface, check the physical connection between the hand-held tool and the NE. Ensure that the connection is normal and then relog in to the system.

l

The upward arrow in the upper right corner of the standby interface indicates the status of the physical connection. If the arrow blinks regularly, the connection is normal. Otherwise, relog in to the system according to the prompt message of the system.

----End

4.3.2 Set NE Attributes By setting NE attributes, you can configure NE ID, NE IP, and NE name.

Prerequisite The hand-held tool must be logged in to the NE.

Procedure Step 1 When the hand-held tool is in the standby interface, press F2 to configure NE attributes.

Step 2 Set the NE name. 1.

Select 1-NE name and press Enter. Then the setting interface is displayed.

2.

Set the NE name according to network planning. NOTE

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l

Only the first 11 characters of the NE name can be displayed on the interface.

l

Currently, the NE name can be a maximum of 21 English characters. Press the F1 key to enter different characters.

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Press Enter to save the setting and return to the previous menu.

Step 3 Configure NE ID and extended ID. 1.

Select 2-NE ID and press Enter. Then the setting interface is displayed.

2.

Set NE ID according to network planning.

3.

Press Enter to save the setting and return to the previous menu.

4.

Select 3-Ext-ID and press Enter. Then the setting interface is displayed.

5.

Set the extended ID according to network planning.

6.

Press Enter to save the setting and return to the previous menu.

Step 4 Configure NE IP, subnet mask, and gateway NE. 1.

Select 5-IP and press Enter. Then the setting interface is displayed.

2.

Set NE IP according to network planning. NOTE

The IP address is composed of four sections. After you finish one section, press Enter to enter the next section.

3.

Press Enter to save the setting and return to the previous menu.

4.

Select 6-MSK and press Enter. Then the setting interface is displayed.

5.

Set the subnet mask according to network planning.

6.

Press Enter to save the setting and return to the previous menu.

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7.

Select 7-GNE and press Enter. Then the setting interface is displayed.

8.

Set the gate NE according to network planning.

9.

Press Enter to save the setting and return to the previous menu.

Step 5 Select 8- APPLY, and press Enter to save the data. The Confirm Configure ? dialog box is displayed. Step 6 Select YES and press Enter to save the data. Then, the system starts saving the previous configuration. NOTE

l

In the configuration process, you can press C to return to the previous menu.

l

After the system saves the configuration, it automatically backs up the database and the backup operation requires 30 to 60 seconds. You need to check the backup result.

l

If you change NE ID or extended ID in the configuration process, the hand-held tool automatically relogs in to the system after the system successfully backs up the changed data. Then, the standby interface is displayed. If the system fails in backing up the changed data, the current configuration interface is displayed.

----End

4.3.3 Configuring a Radio Link To configure a radio link, you can configure the IF information, ODU information and protection modes of the radio link.

Prerequisite The hand-held tool must be logged in to the NE.

Procedure Step 1 When the hand-held tool is in the standby interface, press F1 to configure IF attributes.

NOTE

By default, the system displays the information about the radio link carried by the IF board in the slot of a smaller number.

Step 2 Select the board to be configured. 4-38

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1.

Select 1-Board and press Enter. Then the selection interface is displayed.

2.

Select the online IF board.

3.

Press Enter to return to the previous menu. NOTE

In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the main radio link only.

Step 3 Configure IF 1+1 protection. 1.

Select 7-Protection and press Enter. Then, the selection interface of IF 1+1 protection modes is displayed.

2.

Select an IF 1+1 protection mode according to network planning. When you configure IF 1+1 protection with a hand-held tool, the default main/standby IF boards are as follows: Link ID

Slot of main IF board

Slot of standby IF board

1

5

7

2

6

8

NOTE

Hand-held tools do not support the configuration of 1+1 FD.

3.

Press Enter to return to the previous menu. NOTE

In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the main radio link only.

Step 4 Configuring IF information for a radio link 1.

Select 5-BandWidth and press Enter. Then the selection interface of IF bandwidth is displayed.

2.

Select the IF bandwidth according to network planning.

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3.

Press Enter to return to the previous menu. NOTE

In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the main radio link only.

4.

Select 6-Modulate and press Enter. Then the selection interface of modulation modes is displayed.

5.

Select the modulation mode according to network planning.

6.

Press Enter to return to the previous menu. NOTE

In the case of 1+1 HSB/SD radio links, you need to configure the IF and ODU information of the main radio link only.

Step 5 Configure the ODU information of NEs. 1.

Select 2-Frequency and press Enter. Then the selection interface of transmit frequencies is displayed.

2.

Enter the value of transmit frequency (MHz) according to network planning. NOTE

l

Press the F1 key to enter a point.

l

If the ODU is online, the system displays the frequency range that the ODU supports.

3.

Press Enter to save the setting and return to the previous menu.

4.

Select 3-TRSpacing and press Enter. Then the configuration interface of T/R spacing is displayed.

5.

Enter the value of T/R spacing (MHz) according to network planning. NOTE

Press the F1 key to enter a point.

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6.

Press Enter to save the setting and return to the previous menu.

7.

Select 4-TX Power and press Enter. Then the configuration interface of transmit power is displayed. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Enter the value of transmit power (dBm) according to network planning. NOTE

Press the F1 key to enter a point.

9.

Press Enter to save the setting and return to the previous menu.

Step 6 Select 8 APPLY and press Enter to confirm the previous configuration. The system starts delivering the configuration. After the configuration is delivered, the last line of the system interface displays Any Key To Continue. Step 7 Press any key to continue. After the configuration is stored, the current configuration interface is automatically displayed. NOTE

The waiting time is about 30 to 60 seconds.

----End

4.3.4 Checking Alarms By checking the current alarms on the equipment, you can check whether the equipment is working normally.

Prerequisite The hand-held tool must be logged in to the NE.

Procedure Step 1 When the hand-held tool is in the standby interface, press F3 to query the NE information.

Step 2 Select 5-Current Alarm Query and press Enter. Then the query interface is displayed.

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Step 3 Check the displayed alarm information. Check whether there are equipment alarms, particularly the following types of alarms: l

POWER_ALM

l

FAN_FAIL

l

HARD_BAD

l

BD_STATUS

l

SYNC_C_LOS

l

CONFIG_NOSUPPORT

l

NESF_LOST

l

TEMP_ALARM

l

IF_CABLE_OPEN

l

XPIC_LOS

For details on the previous alarms and about how to handle them, see the Maintenance Guide. ----End

4.4 Testing Connectivity of Cables In the installation process, the hardware part of service cables may become faulty or the service cables may be incorrectly connected. To ensure that services run normally, you need to test connectivity of the cables. 4.4.1 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables (by Using the Web LCT) By testing connectivity of E1 cables, you can check whether the E1 cables between the equipment and the DDF are connected correctly, and whether the E1 cables are in normal status. When you use the Web LCT to perform site commissioning, use the E1 BER tester to test connectivity of E1 cables. 4.4.2 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables with a Hand-Held Tool By testing connectivity of E1 cables, you can check whether the E1 cables between the equipment and the DDF are connected correctly, and whether the cables are in normal status. When performing site commissioning with a hand-held tool, test the connectivity of E1 cables through the PRBS function enabled on an NE. 4.4.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Cables By testing connectivity of Ethernet cables, you can check whether the Ethernet cables are in normal status. 4.4.4 Testing Connectivity of Fiber Jumpers By testing connectivity of optical fibers, you can check whether the fiber jumpers between the equipment and the ODF are correctly connected and whether the fiber jumpers are in normal status.

4.4.1 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables (by Using the Web LCT) By testing connectivity of E1 cables, you can check whether the E1 cables between the equipment and the DDF are connected correctly, and whether the E1 cables are in normal status. When you use the Web LCT to perform site commissioning, use the E1 BER tester to test connectivity of E1 cables. 4-42

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Prerequisite l

The NE equipment must be equipped with an E1 interface board, and the E1 port must travel through the DDF before being connected to another device.

l

Service data configuration must be complete.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Laptop on which the LCT is installed

l

BER tester

Procedure Step 1 At the DDF, connect the BER tester to the first E1 port of the IDU. The BER tester displays the AIS alarm. Figure 4-4 Connecting the BER tester DDF RX TX

RX

TX

. .. .

1 2 3 4

BER tester

Step 2 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface .IF/RF Port Loopback to Disabled. For details, see Setting Automatic Loopback Release of an NE. Step 3 Set the corresponding E1 port to outloop by using the Web LCT. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

Choose Configuration > PDH Interface from the Function Tree.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Outloop.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 4 Observe the BER tester. The BER tester does not display the AIS alarm. Step 5 Release the outloop set in Step 3. 1. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 6 Observe the BER tester. The BER tester reports the AIS alarm. Step 7 Repeat Step 1 through Step 6 to test all the other E1 ports. ----End

4.4.2 Testing Connectivity of E1 Cables with a Hand-Held Tool By testing connectivity of E1 cables, you can check whether the E1 cables between the equipment and the DDF are connected correctly, and whether the cables are in normal status. When performing site commissioning with a hand-held tool, test the connectivity of E1 cables through the PRBS function enabled on an NE.

Prerequisite l

An NE must be configured with an E1 interface board. The E1 ports on the E1 interface board must be connected to another NE through the DDF.

l

The hand-held tool must be logged in to the NE.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Hand-held tools

Procedure Step 1 Connect a hand-held tool to the OptiX RTN 620. For details, see 4.3.1 Connecting Hand-Held Tools to IDUs. Step 2 On the DDF, perform a hardware loopback at the first E1 port on the IDU. DDF RX TX

. .. .

1 2 3 4

Step 3 Test the cable connectivity of the first port with the hand-held tool. 1. 4-44

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2.

Select 6-E1 Cable Check and press Enter. Then, the tributary board selection interface is displayed.

3.

Select the tributary board that is connected to the E1 port, and press Enter to test cable connectivity.

4.

Check the test result, Alarm Port ID does not include the first port.

5.

Press any button to display the NE information query interface.

Step 4 Release the hardware loopback that is performed in Step 2. Step 5 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 to test cable connectivity at other ports. ----End

4.4.3 Testing Connectivity of Ethernet Cables By testing connectivity of Ethernet cables, you can check whether the Ethernet cables are in normal status.

Prerequisite The Ethernet cables must be prepared.

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Background Information You can also test connectivity of Ethernet cables by performing a loopback on the data ports (this method is applicable after the equipment is powered on). Specifically, use the Ethernet cable to be tested to connect any two data ports. If the LINK indicators of the two data ports are on, it indicates that the Ethernet cable is normal.

Procedure Step 1 Connect the Ethernet cable to the port of the network cable tester. Figure 4-5 Testing the Ethernet cable

Step 2 Check the indicator of the network cable tester. Ethernet Cable Type End A

End B

Straight Through Cable The 1-8-G indicators turn on The 1-8-G indicators turn on one one after another. after another. Crossover cable

The 1-8-G indicators turn on The 3-6-1-4-5-2-7-8-G indicators one after another. turn on one after another.

Step 3 Connect the Ethernet cable that passes the test to the Ethernet port of the device. ----End

4.4.4 Testing Connectivity of Fiber Jumpers By testing connectivity of optical fibers, you can check whether the fiber jumpers between the equipment and the ODF are correctly connected and whether the fiber jumpers are in normal status.

Prerequisite The fiber jumpers must be installed and routed from the optical interface to the ODF. On the power supply device side, the power switch must be turned on. 4-46

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Tools, Equipment, and Materials Optical power meter, short fiber jumper

Precautions

DANGER When you check the connection of fiber jumpers, avoid direct eye exposure to the laser beams.

Test Connection Diagram When you use an optical interface board to test connectivity of fiber jumpers, connect the fiber jumper to the optical power meter on the ODF and connect the fiber jumper to the TX port of the optical interface board on the chassis. Figure 4-6 shows the connection. Figure 4-6 Connection diagram for testing the connectivity of fiber jumpers by using an optical interface board External cable

TX

RX

ODF

Fiber jumper connected to the Tx port

Procedure Step 1 On the chassis, disconnect the fiber jumper from the TX port of an optical interface board. Step 2 Connect the optical power meter to the OUT port of the optical interface board with a short fiber jumper. Step 3 Switch on the optical power meter and set the operating wavelength according to the optical interface type. The measured launched optical power of the optical interface board is A. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Step 4 Insert the fiber jumper back to the TX port. Step 5 On the ODF side, disconnect the fiber jumper from the TX port. Connect the fiber jumper to the optical power meter. The measured optical power is B. Step 6 Disconnect the fiber jumper from the corresponding TX port of the optical interface board. The optical power meter reads "LO" and does not receive optical signals. Step 7 Compare the values of A and B. l

If the difference between A and B is less than 1 dB, it indicates that the fiber jumper is correctly connected and the attenuation of the fiber jumper is within the normal range.

l

If the difference between A and B is more than 1 dB, check and ensure that the fiber jumper is in normal status and is correctly routed. Then, check and ensure that the fiber jumper terminal is clean.

CAUTION If the fiber jumper is connected through a flange, the difference between A and B is less than 2 dB. Otherwise, you can infer that the fiber jumper is incorrectly connected or the attenuation of the fiber jumper is inappropriate. Check and ensure that the fiber jumper is in normal status and is correctly routed. Then, check and ensure that the fiber jumper terminal is clean. Step 8 Check the fiber jumper that is connected to the RX port in the same manner. Step 9 Recover the fiber jumper connections between the chassis and on the ODF. Step 10 Repeat Steps 1 to 9 to check fiber jumper connections of the other optical interfaces. ----End

4.5 Aligning Antennas Aligning antennas is the most important activity in site commissioning, and its result has a direct impact on the performance of radio links. 4.5.1 Main Lobe and Side Lobe Before you align the antennas, you should be familiar with the related knowledge of the main lobe and side lobe. 4.5.2 Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas When you align single-polarized antennas, you need to align the main lobes of the antennas by adjusting the azimuth and elevation of the antennas at both ends. 4.5.3 Aligning Dual-Polarized Antennas When you align dual-polarized antennas, you need to align the main lobe of the antenna signals by adjusting the azimuth and elevation of the antennas at both ends. You also need to adjust the feed booms of the antennas so that the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) meets the specified requirements.

4.5.1 Main Lobe and Side Lobe Before you align the antennas, you should be familiar with the related knowledge of the main lobe and side lobe. 4-48

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Definitions of the Main Lobe and Side Lobe The electric field strength of the radiated power of the antenna varies in space. The differences of the power distribution can be shown in an azimuth diagram. Generally, there are the horizontal azimuth diagram for the horizontal section and the vertical azimuth diagram for the vertical section. Figure 4-7 is a vertical azimuth diagram. There are many lobes in this figure. The lobe with the strongest radiated power is the main lobe. The other lobes are side lobes wherein the first side lobe can be used for aligning the antenna. Figure 4-7 Main lobe and side lobe

Main lobe First side lobe Second side lobe

Locating the Main Lobe Antenna alignment involves making the main lobe of the local antenna aligned with the main lobe of the opposite antenna. The purpose is to make the received signal strength of the opposite antenna reach the maximum value. The main lobe width of the microwave antenna is narrow, that is, between 0.6° and 3.7° generally. For instance, in the case of a 1.2 m antenna at the working frequency of 23 GHz, the azimuth is only 0.9° when the signal level drops from the signal peak to zero. Once a signal is detected, very small alignment adjustments are required to locate the main lobe. Antenna movement across the main lobe results in a rapid rise and fall of signal level. Whether the main lobe is aligned properly can be verified by comparing the received signal peaks. Typically, the main lobe signal peak is 20-25 dB higher than the first side lobe signal peak. Figure 4-8 shows the head-on view of a free-space model for radio propagation with concentric rings of side lobe peaks and troughs radiating outward from the main lobe.

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Figure 4-8 Horizontal section of the antenna 180o

90o

0o

Center of the main lobe Outer edge of the main lobe, 310 dB lower than the main lobe

180o

Trough between the main lobe and the first side lobe, 30 dB lower than the main lobe

90o

First side lobe, 20-25 dB lower than the main lobe Trough between the first side lobe and the second side lobe, 30 dB or more lower than the main lobe

0o a Horizontal section of the antenna

Second side lobe, where signals are very weak

b head-on view

Tracking Path Side lobe signal readings can be mistaken for main lobe readings when signals are tracked on different elevation (or azimuth). Figure 4-9 shows a horizontal radio propagation model of the antenna, and signal levels at three different elevation positions (1-7 represent the measured signal level values of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) port of the ODU.) Figure 4-9 Three tracking paths Head-on view of tracking paths for different elevations

Signal levels for each path 6 7

B A

7

6

C

C'

5

4 1

2

C

B' 3

C'

5

4

B'

B

A'

2 1 A

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l

Line AA' represents that the main lobe of the antenna is almost aligned properly. The main lobe is at point 2, and the first side lobes are at points 1 and 3. Slightly adjust the azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.

l

Line BB' represents that the elevation of the antenna slightly deviates from the main lobe. The signal peaks appear at points 4 and 5. The signal peak at point 4 is higher than the signal peak at point 5 because of the antenna characteristics. As a result, point 4 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct method is to set the azimuth of the antenna to the middle position between the two signal peaks. Then, adjust the elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.

l

Line CC' represents that the elevation of the antenna completely deviates from the main lobe and is almost aligned with the first side lobe. The signal peak of the first side lobe at point 6 and the signal peak of the first side lobe at point 7 appear as one signal peak. As a result, points 6 and 7 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct method is to set the azimuth of the antenna to the middle of points 6 and 7. Then, adjust the elevation of the antenna until the three signal peaks of line AA' appear. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 until the peak signal appears.

When the side lobe peak at one side is higher than the side lobe peak at the other side, as shown in Figure 4-10, a common error is to move the antenna left to right along line DD' or top to bottom along line EE' so that the three signal peaks of line AA' can appear. As a result, point 1 may be mistaken for the peak point of the main lobe signal. The correct method is to adjust the elevation in the middle of points 1 and 2 or the azimuth in the middle of points 1 and 3. Several adjustments are required so that the three signal peaks of line AA' can appear. Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth of the antenna at point 2 as shown in Figure 4-9 until the peak signal appears. Figure 4-10 Aligning the antenna with the first side lobe E 1

D

2

1

D'

D D' 1

3

2

3

E

E'

E'

4.5.2 Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas When you align single-polarized antennas, you need to align the main lobes of the antennas by adjusting the azimuth and elevation of the antennas at both ends.

Prerequisite l

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4 Site Commissioning Guide l

The weather must be suitable for outdoor work. There should be no rain, snow or fog between stations.

l

The on-site conditions must meet the requirements for an antenna to operate at a high altitude and the personnel required to commission the antenna must be trained to work at high altitudes

l

The ATPC function must be disabled (the default status on the NE is Disabled).

l

The AM function must be disabled (the default status on the NE is Disabled).

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Adjustable wrench

l

Telescope, interphone, and socket-head wrench

l

Multimeter (with a BNC connecter prepared at one end for future tests), and north-stabilized indicator.

l

If the radio link is configured in 1+1 protection mode and one antenna is used at each end, power off the standby ODUs at both ends before aligning the antennas. After the antennas are aligned, power on the standby ODUs at both ends.

l

If the radio link is configured in 1+1 SD mode, align the antennas as follows:

Precautions

l

1.

Power on the active ODUs at both ends. Ensure that they are powered on during the alignment.

2.

Power off the standby ODUs at both ends. Then, align the main antennas at both ends.

3.

Power on the standby ODU at the local end. Retain the position of the main antenna at the remote end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the local end.

4.

Power on the standby ODU at the remote end. Retain the position of the main antenna at the local end, and adjust the diversity antenna at the remote end.

If the radio link is configured in 1+1 FD mode and two antennas are used at each end, align the antennas as follows: 1.

At both ends, power on the main ODUs, power off the standby ODUs, and align the main antennas.

2.

At both ends, power off the main ODUs, power on the standby ODUs, and align the diversity antennas.

CAUTION You can adjust the azimuth and elevation of antennas by adjusting the related nuts or screws. For details, see the related installation guide.

Procedure Step 1 Determine the azimuth of an antenna according to the installation position and height of the antenna. Then, adjust the elevation of the antenna to the horizontal position. Step 2 Connect a multimeter to the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) port on the ODU at the local end and test the voltage value VBNC. 4-52

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It is recommended that you make the test line terminated with a BNC connector at one end in advance because it is more convenient to test the voltage value VBNC.

Figure 4-11 Testing the RSSI voltage by using a multimeter

Step 3 Adjust the azimuth and elevation of an antenna as follows: 1.

Retain the position of the antenna at the remote end.

2.

Use the multimeter to measure VBNC. At the local end, rotate the antenna widely in the horizontal direction. When you rotate the antenna, the tested signal peaks may be as follows: l

Three signal peaks are tracked, for example, line AA' in Figure 4-9. In this case, adjust the azimuth of the antenna to the peak position at point 2 as shown in Figure 4-9.

l

Two signal peaks are tracked, for example, line BB' in Figure 4-9. In this case, adjust the azimuth of the antenna to the middle of points 4 and 5 as shown in Figure 4-9. Then, adjust the elevation of the antenna so that the three signal peaks in the case of line AA' can appear. Adjust the antenna to the peak position at point 2 as shown in Figure 4-9.

l

One signal peak is tracked, for example, line CC' in Figure 4-9. In this case, adjust the azimuth of the antenna to the middle of points 6 and 7 as shown in Figure 4-9. Then, adjust the elevation of the antenna so that the three signal peaks in the case of line AA' can appear. Adjust the antenna to the peak position at point 2 as shown in Figure 4-9.

3.

Slightly adjust the elevation and azimuth at point 2 as shown in Figure 4-9 until VBNC reaches the peak within the tracked range.

4.

Adjust the antenna until VBNC reaches the peak value. Then, fix the antenna at the local end.

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When you tighten the antenna, ensure that VBNC remains the peak value.

Step 4 Repeat Step 2 to Step 3 to adjust the antenna at the remote end. When VBNC reaches the peak value, tighten the antenna at the remote end. Step 5 Repeat Step 2 to Step 4 for two to four times. When VBNC at the local end and VBNC at the remote end reach the peak value, tighten the antennas at both ends Step 6 Use the multimeter to test VBNC at both ends. Obtain current RSL by referring to the relation curve between VBNC of ODUs and RSLs at both ends. NOTE

The curve diagram of VBNC and RSL is delivered in the carton of the ODU.

Actual RSL must be the same as planned by the network planning department. NOTE

l

If VBNC does not meet the requirements, see the OptiX RTN 620 Radio Transmission System Maintenance Guide for handling the fault.

Step 7 Observe the ODU indicator on the IF board. If the ODU indicator blinks yellow, align the antennas. Step 8 Tighten all the screws of the antennas. NOTE

Use the multimeter to check the received value of RSSI. Avoid any fault in the alignment of antennas in the process of tightening the screws.

----End

4.5.3 Aligning Dual-Polarized Antennas When you align dual-polarized antennas, you need to align the main lobe of the antenna signals by adjusting the azimuth and elevation of the antennas at both ends. You also need to adjust the feed booms of the antennas so that the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) meets the specified requirements.

Prerequisite l

The NE commissioning of the radio equipment at both ends of the radio link must be complete.

l

The weather must be suitable for outdoor work. There should be no rain, snow or fog between stations.

l

The on-site conditions must meet the requirements for the antenna to operate at a high altitude and the personnel required to commission the antenna must be trained to work at high altitudes

l

The ATPC function must be disabled (the default status on the NE is Disabled).

l

The AM function must be disabled (the default status on the NE is Disabled).

Tools, Equipment, and Materials

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l

Adjustable wrench

l

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Multimeter (with a BNC connecter prepared at one end for future tests), and north-stabilized indicator.

Procedure Step 1 Power off the vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, power on the horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and thus ensure that the antennas transmit horizontally polarized signals. Step 2 Adjust the azimuth angle and elevation angle of the antennas at both ends by referring to 4.5.2 Aligning Single-Polarized Antennas, and ensure that the main lobe of the horizontally polarized signals is aligned with the antenna. Step 3 Measure the RSL (P1) of the horizontally polarized signals at the local end. 1.

Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the horizontally polarized ODU.

2.

Calculate the RSL (P1) of the horizontally polarized received signals by referring to the curve diagram in the ODU box.

Step 4 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the vertically polarized signals reaches the lower threshold (P2). 1.

Power on the vertically polarized ODU at the local end.

2.

Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the vertically polarized ODU.

3.

Calculate the RSL (P2) of the vertically polarized signals by referring to the curve diagram in the ODU box.

4.

Calculate the XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2). If...

Then...

The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) should not be less than Proceed to the next step. 30 dB. The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) should not be less than Perform Step 5. 30 dB. 5.

Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD1 (XPD1 = P1 - P2) should not be less than 30 dB.

Step 5 Record the angle (D1) of the current feed boom. Step 6 Power off the horizontally polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, power on the vertically polarized ODUs at both ends of the radio link, and thus ensure that the antennas transmit vertically polarized signals. Step 7 Measure the RSL (P3) of the vertically polarized signals at the local end by referring to Step 3. Step 8 Adjust the feed boom at the local end, and ensure that the RSL of the vertically polarized signals reaches the lower threshold (P4). 1.

Power on the vertically polarized ODU at the local end.

2.

Use a multimeter to measure the signal level on the RSSI port of the vertically polarized ODU.

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3.

Calculate the RSL (P4) of the vertically polarized signals by referring to the curve diagram in the ODU box.

4.

Calculate the XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4). If...

Then...

The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) should not be less than Proceed to the next step. 30 dB. The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) should not be less than Perform Step 9. 30 dB. 5.

Release the holder of the feed boom to some extent, and turn the feed boom slightly until the signal level reaches the lower threshold. The calculated XPD2 (XPD2 = P3 - P4) should not be less than 30 dB.

Step 9 Record the angle (D2) of the current feed boom. Step 10 Adjust the feed boom slightly (ranging from D1 to D2), and ensure that XPD1 and XPD2 are not less than 30 dB. NOTE

If D1 and D2 are the same, you need not adjust the feed boom.

Step 11 Tighten all the screws of the antennas. NOTE

Use the multimeter to measure the received value of RSSI. Avoid any fault in the alignment of antennas in the process of tightening the screws.

----End

Related Information In the actual situation, you can align the dual-polarized antennas by measuring only the vertically polarized signals.

4.6 Querying the Status of Radio Links After aligning the antennas, you need to query the status of radio links and ensure that the radio links are in normal status.

Prerequisite The antennas must be aligned.

Procedure Step 1 Observe the Link indicator on the IF board.

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1.

If the Link indicator on the IF board is on and green, it indicates that the radio link is normal.

2.

If the Link indicator on the IF board is on (red), check whether the data configuration of the ODU is correct and whether the antennas are aligned.

STAT SRV LINK ODU RMT ACT

OptiX RTN 620 Commissioning Guide

----End

4.7 Querying DCN Status The NMS manages NEs through DCN channels. Querying the radio links through the HOP management function on the Web LCT, you can check whether the DCN of radio links runs normally.

Prerequisite l

The basic data of NEs on the entire network must be configured.

l

Aligning the antennas must be complete.

l

The NE user must have the authority of Maintenance Level or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Laptop on which the LCT is installed

Procedure Step 1 Select an NE in Object Tree. Choose Configuration > Link Configuration from Function Tree. Step 2 In the IF/ODU Configuration tab, select and right-click the required IF board. Then, choose HOP Management from the shortcut menu. l

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Figure 4-12 HOP Management

l

If the dialog box is displayed as The opposite NE does not exist, then check the data configuration.

----End

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5

System Commissioning Guide

About This Chapter This topic describes how to perform all system commissioning items. 5.1 Configuring the Network-Wide Service Data After the site commissioning is performed for each hop of radio links, the ECC communication between NEs is normal. In this case, an NE can be accessed by using the NMS, and the networkwide service data can be configured. 5.2 Testing E1 Services By testing E1 services, you can check whether E1 services are available on radio links. 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services By testing Ethernet services, you can check whether Ethernet services are available on radio links. 5.4 Testing AM Switching By testing AM switching, you can check whether AM switching is normal on radio links that are enabled with the AM function. 5.5 Testing Protection Switching By testing protection switching, you can check whether the protection switching is normal on radio links. 5.6 Checking the Clock Status By checking the clock status for each NE, you can ensure that the clocks of all the NEs on a radio network are synchronized. 5.7 Testing the 24-Hour BER You can check whether the equipment can transmit services stably for a long term by testing the 24-hour BER.

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5.1 Configuring the Network-Wide Service Data After the site commissioning is performed for each hop of radio links, the ECC communication between NEs is normal. In this case, an NE can be accessed by using the NMS, and the networkwide service data can be configured. 5.1.1 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method The Web LCT can find all NEs that communicate with a specific gateway NE according to the IP address of the gateway NE or the IP address range of the gateway NE. In addition, the Web LCT can create the NEs in batches. Compared with the method of manually creating NEs, this method is quicker and more reliable. 5.1.2 Logging In to an NE After an NE is created, you need to log in to the NE before managing the NE. 5.1.3 Changing NE IDs This section describes how to change NE IDs according to the engineering plan to ensure that each NE ID is unique. The modification does not affect services. 5.1.4 Changing NE Names To accurately identify an NE in the Main Topology, you need to name the NE according to the geographical location or the equipment connected to the NE. 5.1.5 Setting NE Communication Parameters The communication parameters of an NE include the IP address and extended ID of the NE, the gateway IP address, NSAP address, and the subnet mask. 5.1.6 Configuring Logical Boards If the logical board corresponding to a physical board is not added in the slot layout, add the logical board in the slot layout. If the physical board is inconsistent with the logical board in the slot layout, delete the inconsistent logical board and add the correct logical board. 5.1.7 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group If the radio link adopts 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection, you need to create the corresponding IF 1 +1 protection group. 5.1.8 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link By configuring the IF/ODU information of a radio link, you can configure the IF/ODU information that is frequently used by the radio link. 5.1.9 Creating Cross-Connections of Point-to-Point Services In a cross-connection of point-to-point services, one service source corresponds to one service sink. 5.1.10 Configuring Clock Sources This section describes how to configure clock sources according to the planned clock synchronization scheme so that all the NEs on the network trace the same clock. 5.1.11 Configuring the Orderwire The orderwire for an NE provides a dedicated communication channel that the network maintenance personnel can use.

5.1.1 Creating NEs by Using the Search Method The Web LCT can find all NEs that communicate with a specific gateway NE according to the IP address of the gateway NE or the IP address range of the gateway NE. In addition, the Web 5-2

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LCT can create the NEs in batches. Compared with the method of manually creating NEs, this method is quicker and more reliable.

Prerequisite The NEs must gain the access to the computer where the Web LCT software is installed.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Context You can create an NE by searching for the NE and then adding the NE on the Web LCT. In addition, you can create an NE by adding the NE manually. Generally, the NE ID is not known during initial NE configuration. Therefore, the searching method is used to create an NE in most cases.

Procedure Step 1 In NE List, click NE Search. Then, the Search NE dialog box is displayed. Step 2 Optional: Set Domain to 129.9.255.255, and click Search. NOTE

During initial configuration, Domain is 129.9.255.255 by default. After the gateway NE IP address of the searched NE is changed, you need to change the value of Domain.

Step 3 After the Web LCT finds the NEs to be managed, click End Search.

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Step 4 Select the NE that needs to be added and click Add NE. A dialog box is displayed, indicating that the NE is added successfully. Step 5 Click OK. A new NE is already added to the NE list.

Step 6 Click Cancel. ----End

5.1.2 Logging In to an NE After an NE is created, you need to log in to the NE before managing the NE.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The NEs to be managed must be created in the NE List.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE List, select the target NE and click NE Login. TIP

You can select more than one NE at one time.

The NE Login dialog box is displayed. Step 2 Enter User Name and Password. Then, click OK.

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l

The default User Name is lct.

l

The default Password of user lct is password.

Login Status of the NE in the NE List changes to Logged In. Alarm Status of the NE is changed from Unknown to the current alarm status of the NE. Step 3 Click NE Explorer. The NE Explorer is displayed. TIP

To quickly start the NE Explorer, double-click the NE to be managed in the NE list.

TIP

l

Check the legend to learn the specific meanings of different colors and symbols in the slot layout diagram.

l

Click

to fold/unfold the legend.

----End

Example Table 5-1 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

User Name

-

lct

This parameter specifies the name of the user. This parameter can take the default value in the case of initial login.

Password

-

-

The default password of user lct is password.

Use same user name and password to login

Selected

Deselected

When this parameter is selected, enter User Name and Password to log in to all the selected NEs.

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Use the user name and password that was used last time

Selected

Deselected

When this parameter is selected, enter User Name and Password that were used for the latest login to log in to the NE.

Deselected

5.1.3 Changing NE IDs This section describes how to change NE IDs according to the engineering plan to ensure that each NE ID is unique. The modification does not affect services.

Prerequisite The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and choose Configuration > NE Attribute from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click Modify NE ID. The Modify NE ID dialog box is displayed. Step 3 Set a new ID for the NE.

Step 4 Click OK. Then, a dialog box is displayed. Click OK. ----End

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Example Table 5-2 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

New ID

1 to 49135

-

l

The new ID refers to the basic ID. When the extended ID is not used, the basic ID of an NE within any network that is managed by an NMS must be unique.

l

Set this parameter according to the DCN planning information.

l

When the number of existing NEs does not exceed the range represented by the basic ID, do not modify the extended ID.

l

It is recommended that this parameter takes the default value.

1 to 254

New Extended ID

9

NOTE

The NE ID has 24 bits. The highest eight bits represent the subnet ID (or the extended ID) and the lowest 16 bits represent the basic ID. For example, if the ID of an NE is 0x090001, the subnet ID of the NE is 9 and the basic ID is 1.

Postrequisite In the case of the OptiX RTN 620, you only need to close the NE Explorer and then re-log in to the NE, if the IP address does not change accordingly after the NE ID changes; You need to delete the original NE, create an NE, and then log in to the NE, if the IP address of the NE changes after the NE ID changes. Before the IP address of the NE is changed manually, the IP address changes accordingly if the NE ID changes. After the IP address of the NE is changed manually, the IP address does not change accordingly if the NE ID changes.

5.1.4 Changing NE Names To accurately identify an NE in the Main Topology, you need to name the NE according to the geographical location or the equipment connected to the NE.

Prerequisite The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Configuration > NE Attribute from the Function Tree. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Step 2 Enter the name of the NE in Name. Step 3 Click Apply. ----End

5.1.5 Setting NE Communication Parameters The communication parameters of an NE include the IP address and extended ID of the NE, the gateway IP address, NSAP address, and the subnet mask.

Prerequisite The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Communication > Communication Parameters from the Function Tree. Step 2 Set the communication parameters of the NE.

Step 3 Click Apply. ----End 5-8

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Example Table 5-3 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

IP

-

Before delivery, the IP address of the NE is set to 129.9.0.x. The letter x indicates the basic ID.

Gateway IP

-

0.0.0.0

Subnet Mask

-

255.255.0.0

In the HWECC solution, an IP address is set according to the following rules: l The IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway of the gateway NE must meet the planning requirements of the external DCN. l If an NE uses the extended ECC, the IP address must be in the same network segment. l The IP address of other NEs must be set according to the NE ID. In this example, the IP address of an NE must be set in the format of 0x81000000+ID. That is, if the ID is 0x090001, the IP address must be set to 129.9.0.1.

Extended ID

1 to 254

9

l

Do not change the extended ID when the number of actual NEs does not exceed the range permitted by the basic NE ID.

l

It is recommended that this parameter takes the default value.

NSAP Address

-

-

This parameter is valid only when the OSI over DCC solution is applied. This parameter is used to set only the area ID of an NSAP address. The other parts of the NSAP address are automatically generated by the NE.

Connection Mode

Common

Common

The communication between the client and the server is encrypted if this parameter is set to Security SSL.

Security SSL

5.1.6 Configuring Logical Boards If the logical board corresponding to a physical board is not added in the slot layout, add the logical board in the slot layout. If the physical board is inconsistent with the logical board in the slot layout, delete the inconsistent logical board and add the correct logical board.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

All the boards must be installed correctly.

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Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Context The NE software manages a physical board by considering the physical board as one or more logical boards. In the OptiX RTN 620: l

An SCC physical board is considered as a logical SCC and a logical EOW board. The slot number of the logical SCC board is 2, and the slot number of the logical EOW is 21.

l

Other physical boards of the IDU are considered as the logical boards with the same names. The slot numbers of the logical boards are the same as the slot numbers of the corresponding physical boards.

An ODU is considered as an ODU logical board. The ODU logical slot number is 10 plus the slot number of the IF board connected to the ODU. The STAT indicator on the physical IDU board will be lit only if the logical IDU board matches with the physical IDU board.

Procedure Step 1 Click the Slot Layout tab and click Add Logical Boards. Based on the slot layout, the NE automatically configures the logical boards that are required but still not be configured for certain physical boards. Step 2 Optional: Right-click the slots in which boards are to be added, and select Add xxx. "xxx" refers to the boards to be added. NOTE

Add the PXC board before you add the IF boards and service boards. Manually adding the logical boards applies to the cases when relevant data need to be configured before the physical boards are installed.

Step 3 Optional: Right-click the slots in which boards are to be deleted, and select Delete. Delete the services, clock, orderwire and protections on the boards before you delete the boards. ----End

5.1.7 Creating an IF 1+1 Protection Group If the radio link adopts 1+1 HSB/FD/SD protection, you need to create the corresponding IF 1 +1 protection group.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected must be added.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT 5-10

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Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the IF 1+1 Protection tab. Step 3 Click New. Then, the Create IF 1+1 Protection dialog box is displayed. Step 4 Set the parameters of the IF 1+1 protection.

Step 5 Click OK. ----End

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Example Table 5-4 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Working Mode

HSB

HSB

l

In 1+1 HSB protection mode, the system provides a 1+1 hot standby configuration for the IF board and ODU at both ends of each hop of a radio link to provide protection.

l

In 1+1 FD protection mode, the system uses two channels that have a frequency spacing between them, to transmit and receive the same signal. The remote end selects signals from the two received signals. With the 1+1 FD protection, the impact of the fading on signal transmission is reduced.

l

In 1+1 SD protection mode, the system uses two antennas that have a space distance between them, to receive the same signal. The equipment selects signals from the two received signals. With the 1+1 SD protection, the impact of the fading on signal transmission is reduced.

l

The 1+1 FD protection mode and 1+1 SD protection mode are compatible with the 1+1 HSB switching function.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information.

l

When this parameter is set to Revertive, the NE that is in the switching state releases the switching and enables the former working channel to return to the normal state some time after the former working channel is restored to normal.

l

When this parameter is set to NonRevertive, the NE that is in the switching state keeps the current state unchanged unless another switching occurs even though the former working channel is restored to normal.

l

It is recommended that this parameter takes the default value.

FD SD

Revertive Mode

Revertive

Revertive

Non-Revertive

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

WTR Time (s)

300 to 720

600

l

This parameter is valid only when Revertive Mode is set to Revertive.

l

When the time after the former working channel is restored to normal reaches the set wait-to-restore (WTR) time, a revertive switching occurs.

l

It is recommended that this parameter takes the default value.

l

When both the main IF board and the standby IF board at the sink end report service alarms, they send the alarms to the source end by using the MWRDI overhead in the microwave frame. When this parameter at the source end is set to Enable and the reverse switching conditions are met, the IF 1+1 protection switching occurs at the source end.

l

This parameter is valid only when Working Mode is set to HSB or SD.

l

Generally, if Working Mode is set to HSB, it is recommended that you set this parameter to Disabled; if Working Mode is set to SD, it is recommended that you set this parameter to Enabled.

l

In 1+1 FD/SD mode, two IF boards must be installed as a pair in slots 5 and 7 (the IF board in slot 5 is recommended to be the main board) or in slots 6 and 8 (the IF board in slot 6 is recommended to be the main board). In 1+1 HSB mode, the IF boards can be installed in slots 5-8. It is recommended that you install two IF boards in a pair in slots 5 and 7 (the IF board in slot 5 is the main board) or in slots 6 and 8 (the IF board in slot 6 is the main board).

Enable

Enable Reverse Switching

Enable

Disable

IF ports

Working Board

-

Protection Board

l

NOTE

The parameters Working Mode, Revertive Mode, WTR Time (s), and Enable Reverse Switching must be set to the same values at both ends of a radio link hop.

Postrequisite l

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In the case of 1+1 HSB protection and 1+1 SD protection, you need to configure the IF/ ODU information of the main radio link later. The standby radio link automatically copies

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the related information of the active microwave link except the transmission status of the ODU. l

In the case of 1+1 FD protection, you need to configure the IF/ODU information of the main radio link and the information of the standby ODU later. The standby radio link automatically copies the IF information of the main radio link. NOTE

The default TX Status of an ODU is Unmute. Therefore, you need not configure the TX Status of the standby ODU after you create an IF 1+1 protection group.

5.1.8 Configuring the IF/ODU Information of a Radio Link By configuring the IF/ODU information of a radio link, you can configure the IF/ODU information that is frequently used by the radio link.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The IF boards and the ODUs to which the IF boards are connected must be added.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Precautions l

In 1+1 HSB/SD protection mode, one protection group corresponds to one radio link. In this case, you need configure only the IF/ODU information of the main equipment.

l

In 1+1 FD protection mode, one protection group corresponds to one radio link. In this case, you need configure the IF/ODU information of the main equipment and the ODU information of the standby equipment.

l

In the case of XPIC radio links, one XPIC workgroup corresponds to two radio links. The IF/ODU information of the radio links must be configured in the XPIC workgroup.

l

In the case of N+1 protection mode, one N+1 protection group corresponds to N+1 radio links and the IF/ODU information of the N+1 radio links must be set separately.

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab. Step 3 Click an IF board icon or ODU icon. Then, the system displays the IF/ODU information of the radio link to which the IF board or ODU to which the IF board is connected belongs. Step 4 Configure the corresponding IF information of the radio link. Step 5 Click Apply. Step 6 Configure the corresponding ODU information of the radio link. Step 7 Click Apply. 5-14

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You need to click Apply after you set the IF information of the radio link and click Apply after you set the ODU information of the radio link.

----End

Example Table 5-5 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Work Mode

1,4E1,7MHz,QPSK

-

l

This parameter indicates the radio work mode in "work mode, service capacity, channel spacing, modulation mode" format.

l

The IF1A/IF1B board supports radio working modes 1-15 and the IF0A/IF0B board supports radio working modes 5 and 16-18. The IFX board supports radio working mode 7.

l

The IFH2 board on the IDU 620 does not support Work Mode.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information. The radio working modes of the IF boards at both ends of the radio link must be the same.

2,4E1,3.5MHz, 16QAM 3,8E1,14MHz,QPS K 4,8E1,7MHz, 16QAM 5,16E1,28MHz,QP SK 6,16E1,14MHz, 16QAM 7,STM-1,28MHz, 128QAM 8,E3,28MHz,QPSK 9,E3,14MHz, 16QAM 10,22E1,14MHz, 32QAM 11,26E1,14MHz, 64QAM 12,32E1,14MHz, 128QAM 13,35E1,28MHz, 16QAM 14,44E1,28MHz, 32QAM 15,53E1,28MHz, 64QAM 16,5E1,7MHz,QPS K 17,10E1,14MHz,Q PSK 18,2E1,3.5MHz,QP SK

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Link ID

1 to 4094

-

l

As the identifier of a radio link, this parameter is used to prevent misconnection of radio links between sites.

l

If this parameter is different from Received Link ID, the NE reports the MW_LIM alarm and inserts the AIS into the downstream.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information. Each radio link of an NE must have a unique link ID, and the link IDs at both ends of a radio link must be the same.

Received Link ID

-

-

This parameter displays the received link ID. NOTE The link ID at the local end must the same as the link ID at the opposite end.

ATPC Enable Status

Enabled

-

l

This parameter specifies whether the ATPC function is enabled. This parameter indicates whether the ATPC function is enabled. The ATPC function ensures that the transmit power of the transmitter automatically traces the changes of the receive level at the receive end, within the ATPC controlled range.

l

In the case of areas where fast fading is severe, it is recommended that you set this parameter to Disabled.

l

During commissioning, set this parameter to Disabled to ensure that the transmit power is not changed. After commissioning, re-set the ATPC attributes.

Disabled

ATPC Threshold (dBm)

-

-

This parameter displays the permitted ATPC adjustment range.

ATPC Upper Threshold(dBm)

-75.0 to -20.0

-45.0

l

l

5-16

Set the central value between the ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC lower threshold to a value for the expected receive power. It is recommended that you set ATPC Upper Threshold(dBm) to the sum of the planned central value between the ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC lower threshold and 10 dB, and ATPC Lower Threshold(dBm) to the

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

ATPC Lower Threshold(dBm)

-35.0 to -90.0

-70.0

Description

l

ATPC Automatic Threshold Enable Status

TX Frequency (MHz)

Enabled

Disabled

l

This parameter specifies whether the ATPC automatic threshold function is enabled.

l

If this parameter is set to Enabled, the equipment automatically uses the preset ATPC upper and lower thresholds according to the work mode of the radio link.

l

If this parameter is set to Disabled, you need to manually set ATPC Upper Threshold(dBm) and ATPC Lower Threshold(dBm).

l

The parameter specifies the channel center frequency.

l

The value of this parameter must not be less than the sum of the lower transmit frequency limit supported by the ODU and a half of the channel spacing, and must not be more than the difference between the upper transmit frequency limit supported by the ODU and a half of the channel spacing.

l

The difference between the transmit frequencies of the ODUs at both ends of a radio link is a T/R spacing.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information.

Disabled

0 to 4294967.295

-

difference between the planned central value between the ATPC upper threshold and the ATPC lower threshold and 10 dB. You can set the ATPC upper threshold only when ATPC Automatic Threshold (dBm) is set to Disabled.

Range of TX Frequency(MHz)

-

-

This parameter specifies the transmit frequency range of an ODU.

Actual TX Frequency(MHz)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual transmit frequency of an ODU.

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Actual RX Frequency(MHz)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual receive frequency of an ODU.

T/R Spacing (MHZ)

0 to 4294967.295

-

l

This parameter indicates the spacing between the TX frequency and receive frequency of the ODU. If Station Type of the ODU is TX high, the transmit frequency is one T/R spacing higher than the receive power. If Station Type of the ODU is TX low, the transmit frequency is one T/R spacing lower than the receive power.

l

If the ODU supports only one T/R spacing, set this parameter to 0, indicating that the T/R spacing supported by the ODU is used.

l

The T/R spacing of the ODU should be set to the same value at both the ends of a radio link.

Actual T/R Spacing(MHZ)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual T/R spacing of a board.

TX Power(dBm)

-10.0 to +35.0

-

l

The value of this parameter must not exceed the rated power range supported by the ODU.

l

The transmit power of the ODU must be set to the same value at both ends of a radio link.

l

Set this parameter according to the service planning information.

Range of TX Power (dBm)

-

-

This parameter specifies the transmit power range of an ODU.

Actual TX Power (dBm)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual transmit power of an ODU.

Actual RX Power (dBm)

-

-

This parameter displays the actual receive power of an ODU.

TX Status

mute

-

l

When Transmission Status is set to mute, the transmitter of the ODU does not work but the ODU can normally receive radio signals.

l

When Transmission Status is set to unmute, the ODU normally transmits and receives radio signals.

l

This parameter, generally, takes the default value.

unmute

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Actual TX Status

mute

-

This parameter displays the transmission status of the RF transmitter.

unmute Frequency(GHz)

-

-

This parameter displays the operating frequency band of an ODU.

Equip Type

-

-

This parameter displays the type of an ODU.

Station Type

-

-

This parameter displays the type of a site.

Produce SN

-

-

This parameter displays the production serial number and the manufacturer code of an ODU.

Transmission Power Type

-

-

This parameter displays the output power level of an ODU.

NOTE

The ATPC attributes must be set to the same at both the ends of a radio link.

5.1.9 Creating Cross-Connections of Point-to-Point Services In a cross-connection of point-to-point services, one service source corresponds to one service sink.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The boards where the source and the sink are located must be configured.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Configuration > CrossConnection Configuration from the Function Tree. Step 2 Optional: Click Scheme to change the VC-12 timeslot numbering policy used by the crossconnection.

Step 3 Click New. Then, the Create SDH Service dialog box is displayed. Step 4 Configure the cross-connections of the service. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Step 5 Click OK. NOTE

l

When you create a cross-connection whose source or sink is the timeslots of an IF board, the creation may fail due to the limited number of licenses.

l

The calculation of the required number of licenses is based on the total number of service timeslots of all the IF boards that are involved in cross-connections. In the case of the cross-connections of VC-3 or VC-4 services, the VC-3 or VC-4 services need to be converted into E1 services that have the same capacity. For example, the cross-connections of one E3 service from a PL3 board to an IF board require the number of licenses that are used for 21xE1. One VC-3 pass-through service between two IF boards requires the number of licenses that are used for 42xE1. The 8xE1 SNCP services from two IF boards to one PO1 board require the number of licenses that are used for 16xE1.

----End

Example Table 5-6 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Level

VC12

VC12

l

This parameter specifies the level of the cross-connections.

l

In the case of E1 services or data services in bound VC-12 paths, set this parameter to VC12.

l

In the case of E3/T3 services or data services in bound VC-3 paths, set this parameter to VC3.

l

If all the services in a VC-4 path are passed through the NE, set this parameter to VC4.

VC3 VC4

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Direction

Unidirectional

Bidirectional

l

When this parameter is set to Unidirectional, create the crossconnections from the service source to the service sink only.

l

When this parameter is set to Bidirectional, create the crossconnections from the service source to the service sink and from the service sink to the service source.

l

It is recommended that you set this parameter to Bidirectional.

Bidirectional

Source

-

-

This parameter specifies the slot where the service source is located.

Source Port

-

-

This parameter specifies the interface where the service source is located.

Source VC4

-

-

This parameter specifies the number of the VC-4 path where the service source is located.

Source Timeslot Range(e.g.1,3-6)

-

-

l

This parameter indicates the timeslot range corresponding to the service source.

l

This parameter can be set to a value or multiple values. When this parameter is set to multiples values, use "," to separate each value and use "-" to indicate sequential numbers. For example, "1,3-6" indicates 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

l

If the IF board works in the PDH mode, E1s/E3s 1-n transmitted over radio correspond to VC-12/VC-3 timeslots 1n. Ports 1-n of E1 interface boards and E3/T3 interface boards correspond to VC-12/VC-3 timeslots 1-n.

l

The E1s 1-75 transmitted on the IFH2 board correspond to the 1-63 VC-12 timeslots of the first VC-4 and the 1-12 VC-12 timeslots of the second VC-4.

Sink

-

-

This parameter specifies the slot where the service ink is located.

Sink Port

-

-

This parameter specifies the port where the service sink is located.

Sink VC4

-

-

This parameter specifies the number of the VC-4 where the service sink is located.

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Sink Timeslot Range(e.g.1,3-6)

-

-

l

This parameter indicates the timeslot range corresponding to the service sink.

l

This parameter can be set to a value or multiple values. When this parameter is set to multiples values, use "," to separate each value and use "-" to indicate sequential numbers. For example, "1,3-6" indicates 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

l

If the IF board works in the PDH mode, E1s/E3s 1-n transmitted over radio correspond to VC-12/VC-3 timeslots 1n. Ports 1-n of E1 interface boards and E3/T3 interface boards correspond to VC-12/VC3 timeslots 1-n.

l

The E1s 1-75 transmitted on the IFH2 board correspond to the 1-63 VC-12 timeslots of the first VC-4 and the 1-12 VC-12 timeslots of the second VC-4.

5.1.10 Configuring Clock Sources This section describes how to configure clock sources according to the planned clock synchronization scheme so that all the NEs on the network trace the same clock.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The PXC board and the boards that input and output clock sources must be added in the Slot Layout.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree and then choose Configuration > Clock > Clock Source Priority from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click Create. Then, the Add Clock Source dialog box is displayed. Step 3 Select the clock sources.

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TIP

By pressing the Ctrl key on the keyboard, you can select multiple clock sources at one time.

Step 4 Click OK. Step 5 Optional: Repeat steps Step 2 to Step 4 to add other clock sources. or to adjust the priority of a Step 6 Optional: Select a clock source and click clock source. The clock priorities levels are arranged in a descending order from the first row to the last row. The internal clock source is always of the lowest priority. Step 7 Optional: Set External Clock Source Mode and Synchronous Status Byte for the external clock sources.

Step 8 Click Apply. ----End

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Parameter Description Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Clock Source

-

-

l

External clock source 1 indicates the external clock source from the interface on the PXC board in slot 1. External clock source 2 indicates the external clock source from the interface on the PXC board in slot 3.

l

IFH2-1(SDH) indicates the microwave clock source.

l

IFH2-2(ETH) indicates the clock source of the synchronous Ethernet.

l

The internal clock source is always of the lowest priority and indicates that the NE works in the free-run mode.

l

Determine the clock sources and the corresponding clock source priority levels according to the clock synchronization scheme.

l

This parameter specifies the type of the external clock source signal.

l

Set this parameter depending on the external clock signal. The external clock signal is generally a 2 Mbit/s signal.

l

This parameter is valid only when External Clock Source Mode is set to 2Mbit/s.

l

This parameter indicates which bit of the TS0 in odd frames of the external clock signal is used to transmit the SSM.

l

This parameter needs to be set only when the SSM or extended SSM is enabled. The external clock sources generally transmit the SSM over the SA4.

External Clock Source Mode

Synchronous Status Byte

2 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

2 MHz

SA4 to SA8

SA4

5.1.11 Configuring the Orderwire The orderwire for an NE provides a dedicated communication channel that the network maintenance personnel can use.

Prerequisite The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

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Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Context The communication channel must be available for activating the orderwire. l

When an SDH optical/electrical line exists between two NEs, the overhead byte E1 or E2 in the SDH frames can be used as the orderwire communication channel.

l

When a radio link exists between two NEs, a fixed overhead byte in the radio frames can be used as the orderwire communication channel.

l

When no SDH optical/electrical line and microwave link exists between two NEs, connect the external clock ports or synchronous data ports of the two NEs to provide the orderwire communication channel.

The OptiX RTN 620 supports the group call function of the orderwire. When an OptiX RTN 620 dials the orderwire group call number 888, the orderwire phones of all the OptiX RTN 620s in the orderwire subnet ring. When an OptiX RTN 620 answers the phone call, the other OptiX RTN 620s stop ringing, that is, the group call becomes a point-to-point call between two NEs.

Procedure Step 1 Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Choose Configuration > Orderwire from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click the General tab. Step 3 Configure the orderwire information.

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Step 4 Click the Apply. Step 5 Optional: Modify the orderwire occupied overhead bytes. 1.

Click the Advanced tab.

2.

Configure Orderwire Occupied Bytes.

3.

Click the Apply.

----End

Example Table 5-7 Parameters Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Call Waiting Time (s)

1 to 9

9

l

This parameter indicates the waiting time after the local station dials the number. If the calling station does not receive the response message from the called station within the call waiting time, it automatically removes the communication connection.

l

If less than 30 nodes exist in the orderwire subnet, it is recommended that you set this parameter to 5s. If more than 30 nodes exist in the orderwire subnet, it is recommended that you set this parameter to 9s.

l

Set the same call waiting time for all the NEs.

l

This parameter indicates the orderwire phone number of the local station.

l

The length of the orderwire phone number of each NE should be the same. It is recommended that the phone number consists of three numerics.

l

The orderwire phone number of each NE should be unique. It is recommended that the phone numbers are allocated from 101 for the NEs according to the NE IDs.

l

The orderwire phone number cannot be set to the group call number 888 and cannot start with 888.

Phone 1

5-26

100 to99999999

101

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Orderwire port

Line ports

-

l

This parameter indicates the ports that can transmit the orderwire information.

l

The OptiX RTN 620 does not support conference calls and thus allows the lines that transmit the orderwire information to form a loop.

l

If the radio link between two nodes is configured with 1+1 protection, only the line port of the main IF board need to be used as the orderwire port.

l

If multiple links (for example, configured with XPIC or N+1 protection) exist between two nodes, the line ports corresponding to all the links need to be used as the orderwire ports.

l

When orderwire communication is implemented by interconnecting the two NEs through the external clock ports, the external clock ports need to be used as the orderwire ports.

l

When orderwire communication is implemented by interconnecting the two NEs through the synchronous data ports, the F1 port need to be used as the orderwire port.

l

This parameter indicates the overhead byte that is used to transmit the orderwire information.

l

Regardless the parameter value, the radio link uses a fixed self-defined overhead byte to transmit the orderwire information. Hence, this parameter should be set according to the occupied SDH overhead bytes in the ordinary SDH.

external clock port F1 port

Orderwire Occupied Bytes

E1

E1

E2

5.2 Testing E1 Services By testing E1 services, you can check whether E1 services are available on radio links. 5.2.1 Testing E1 Services by Using a BER Tester If a BER tester is available, the BER tester can be used to test E1 services. 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Through PRBS If no BER tester is available, you can test the E1 service by using the PRBS test system embedded in the equipment. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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5.2.1 Testing E1 Services by Using a BER Tester If a BER tester is available, the BER tester can be used to test E1 services.

Prerequisite The NE equipment must be configured with E1 services, and the E1 services must be transmitted through the DDF.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Web LCT

l

BER tester

Procedure Step 1 On the DDF at the central site, connect the BER tester to the first E1 port of the IDU. The BER tester displays the AIS alarm. Figure 5-1 Connecting the BER Tester DDF RX TX

RX

TX

. .. .

1 2 3 4

BER tester

Step 2 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface IF/RF Port Loopback of all the NEs to Disabled. For details, see setting the automatic release function of NEs. Step 3 On the Web LCT, perform an inloop for the corresponding E1 port at the remote site. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 4 Test the bit errors for two minutes. 5-28

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There are no bit errors. Step 5 Release the inloop set in Step 3. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 6 Repeat Step 1 through Step 5 to test all the other E1 ports. ----End

5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Through PRBS If no BER tester is available, you can test the E1 service by using the PRBS test system embedded in the equipment.

Prerequisite l

The NE equipment must be configured with E1 services, and the E1 services must be transmitted through the DDF.

l

The communication between the Web LCT and the NE must be normal.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Precautions

CAUTION l

When a PRBS test is performed, the services carried on the tested path are interrupted.

l

The PRBS test can be performed only in a unidirectional manner and on one path at a time.

Procedure Step 1 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface IF/RF Port Loopback of all the NEs to Disabled. For details, see setting the automatic release function of NEs. Step 2 On the Web LCT, perform an inloop for the corresponding E1 port at the remote site. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

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4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 3 At the central site, on the Web LCT, select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree. Step 4 In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PRBS Test. Step 5 Select the first E1 port, and then set the following PRBS-related parameters: l

Direction: Cross

l

Duration: 120-180 seconds

l

Measured in Time: seconds

Step 6 Click Start to Test. The system displays a dialog box indicating The operation may interrupt the service, Are you sure to continue? Step 7 Click OK. Step 8 When the Progress column is 100%, click Query to check the test result. The curve diagram should be green.

Step 9 Release the inloop set in Step 2. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 10 Repeat Step 2 through Step 9 to test all other E1 ports. ----End 5-30

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5.3 Testing Ethernet Services By testing Ethernet services, you can check whether Ethernet services are available on radio links. 5.3.1 Testing Ethernet Services by Using the LB Function When both ends of an Ethernet service support ETH-OAM, the LB function is preferred to test the Ethernet service. 5.3.2 Testing Ethernet Services by Using the Ping Function When only one end of an Ethernet service supports the ETH-OAM function, the ping function is preferred to test the Ethernet service. 5.3.3 Testing Ethernet Services by Using Laptops When neither end of the Ethernet service supports the ETH-OAM function, you can check Ethernet service by using laptops.

5.3.1 Testing Ethernet Services by Using the LB Function When both ends of an Ethernet service support ETH-OAM, the LB function is preferred to test the Ethernet service.

Prerequisite Ethernet services must be configured between sites. Creating the Maintenance Domain (MD), creating the Maintenance Association (MA), and creating the Maintenance Association End Point (MEP) must be complete.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Context EMS6 and EFP6 support ETH-OAM.

Test Connection Diagram The following test procedure considers the Ethernet service between PORT1 on NE1 and PORT2 on NE2 as an example, as shown in Figure 5-2. Figure 5-2 Networking diagram for testing Ethernet services

NE 2

NE 1 Microwave networking PORT 1

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An Ethernet link is available from PORT1 on NE1 to PORT2 on NE2. In addition, the MD, MA, and MEP are configured.

Procedure Step 1 In NE Explorer of NE1, select an Ethernet board, and then choose Configuration > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Service OAM from the Function Tree. Step 2 Select the MD, MA, and MEP that correspond to PORT1, and click OAM Operation. Step 3 Select Start LB. The LB Test window is displayed.

Step 4 Enter the MP ID of NE2 in LB Sink MP ID. Step 5 Click Start LB. Step 6 Check Test Result. The test results should meet the service requirements. ----End

5.3.2 Testing Ethernet Services by Using the Ping Function When only one end of an Ethernet service supports the ETH-OAM function, the ping function is preferred to test the Ethernet service.

Prerequisite

5-32

l

An Ethernet service must be configured between sites.

l

The maintenance domain, maintenance association, and maintenance point must be created for the NE that supports the ETH-OAM function. For details of the creation, see Creating Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Maintenance Domain, Creating Maintenance Association, and Creating Maintenance Point.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Test Connection Diagram The following test procedure considers the Ethernet service between PORT1 on NE1 and PORT2 on NE2 as an example, as shown in Figure 5-3. Wherein, NE1 supports the ETH-OAM function, and is configured with the maintenance domain, maintenance association, and maintenance point. Figure 5-3 Networking diagram for testing Ethernet services

Microwave networking

10.1.1.2

PORT 1

NE 1

NE 2

PORT 2

10.1.1.5

Precautions If NE2 is not connected to an Ethernet board or you are not aware of the IP address of the clientside equipment, you must connect the Ethernet service port of the Ethernet board to the ETH port of the SCC board. If TAG of the Ethernet board is set to Tag Aware, see Configuring the External Port of the Ethernet Board to set the TAG of the Ethernet board to Access, and to set Default VLAN ID to the VLAN ID of the accessed service.

Procedure Step 1 In NE Explorer of NE1, select an Ethernet board, and then choose Configuration > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Service OAM from the Function Tree. Step 2 Select the maintenance domain, maintenance association, and maintenance point that correspond to PORT1, and click OAM Operation. Step 3 Select Start Ping. The Start Ping window is displayed.

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Step 4 In Send Mode, select Burst Mode. Step 5 In IP Address configuration, enter Destination Ip address and Local IP Address. NOTE

If the Ethernet cable is connected to the ETH port of the SCC board, Destination Ip address is the IP address of the NE. l

Destination Ip address: indicates the IP address of the client-side equipment, which is 10.1.1.5.

l

Local IP Address: indicates the IP address that is not used on the network segment of the destination IP address. In this example, this parameter takes the value 10.1.1.244.

Step 6 Click Start Ping. In Detail, check whether the test result meets the service requirement. ----End

5.3.3 Testing Ethernet Services by Using Laptops When neither end of the Ethernet service supports the ETH-OAM function, you can check Ethernet service by using laptops.

Prerequisite An Ethernet service must be configured between sites.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Web LCT

l

Laptops

Test Connection Diagram The following test procedure considers the Ethernet service between PORT1 on NE1 and PORT2 on NE2 as an example, as shown in Figure 5-4. 5-34

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Figure 5-4 Networking diagram for testing Ethernet services

129.9.9.1

129.9.9.2 Microwave networking

PORT 1

NE 1

NE 2

PORT 2 10.1.1.5

10.1.1.2

Precautions l

If the working mode of the Ethernet board is different from the working mode of the network adapter (the working mode of the network adapter is auto-negotiation by default), see Configuring the External Port of the Ethernet Board to set the working mode of the test port to the same as the working mode of the network adapter.

l

If TAG of the Ethernet board is set to Tag Aware, see Configuring the External Port of the Ethernet Board to set the TAG of the Ethernet board to Access, and to set Default VLAN ID to the VLAN ID of the accessed service.

Procedure Step 1 Use an Ethernet cable to connect the Ethernet port of the laptop to the Ethernet service port of the IDU, based on the test connection diagram. Step 2 Set the IP addresses of the two laptops and ensure the IP addresses are on the same network segment. Set the IP address for laptop A. l

IP address: 10.1.1.2

l

Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

l

Default gateway: null

Set the IP address for laptop B. l

IP address: 10.1.1.5

l

Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

l

Default gateway: null

Step 3 Start the MS-DOS program of laptop A, and run the ping 10.1.1.5 -n 200 -l 2000 command. NOTE

l

10.1.1.5: indicates the IP address of laptop B.

l

-n Num: indicates that Num packets are sent to the opposite computer.

l

-l Num: indicates that the buffer area for transmission is Num bytes in size.

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The result shows that there are no lost packets. That is, the output display should contain the following information: Lost = 0 (0% loss) ----End

5.4 Testing AM Switching By testing AM switching, you can check whether AM switching is normal on radio links that are enabled with the AM function. 5.4.1 Testing AM Switching by Using a BER Tester If a BER tester is available, the BER tester can be used to test the AM switching. 5.4.2 Testing AM Switching Without a BER Tester If no BER tester is available, you can test the AM switching by querying the bit errors over radio links.

5.4.1 Testing AM Switching by Using a BER Tester If a BER tester is available, the BER tester can be used to test the AM switching.

Prerequisite l

The antennas must be aligned.

l

The radio links must be Hybrid radio links for which the AM function is enabled.

l

The E1 service must be configured.

l

The weather is favorable.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Web LCT

l

BER tester

Test Connection Diagram

NE A

NE B

The following test procedure considers the E1 service between NEs as an example. 5-36

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Procedure Step 1 Connect a BER tester to the first E1 port on the local NE. Step 2 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface IF/RF Port Loopback of all the NEs to Disabled. For details, see setting the automatic release function of NEs. Step 3 On the remote NE, perform an inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 4 Configure the Hybrid/AM attribute on the local NE. 1.

Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Hybrid/AM Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

On the local NE, set the AM attribute to Disable, and set Manually Specified Modulation Mode to the same value as Modulation Mode of the Guarantee AM Capacity.

3.

Click Apply.

Step 5 Querying the AM working status. 1.

Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Hybrid/AM Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Click Query.

Transmit-End Modulation Mode should be Manually Specified Modulation Mode of a preset value.

Step 6 Use the BER tester to test the bit errors. The test result should show that no bit error occurs. Step 7 Configure the Hybrid/AM attribute to the planned values on the local NE. 1.

Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Hybrid/AM Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

On the local NE, set the AM attribute to Enable, and set Modulation Mode of the Guarantee AM Capacity and Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity to the planned values.

3.

Click Apply.

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Step 8 Querying the AM working status. 1.

Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Hybrid/AM Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Click Query.

Transmit-End Modulation mode should be Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity of a preset value.

NOTE

In the case of unfavorable weather, the current modulation mode may be lower than the value of Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity.

Step 9 Check the BER test result. There should be no bit errors. Step 10 Release the inloop set in Step 3. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

----End

5.4.2 Testing AM Switching Without a BER Tester If no BER tester is available, you can test the AM switching by querying the bit errors over radio links.

Prerequisite l

The antennas must be aligned.

l

The radio links must be Hybrid radio links for which the AM function is enabled.

l

The weather is favorable.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

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Test Connection Diagram

NE A

NE B

Procedure Step 1 Configure the Hybrid/AM attribute on the local NE. 1.

Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Hybrid/AM Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

On the local NE, set the AM attribute to Disable, and set Manually Specified Modulation Mode to the same value as Modulation Mode of the Guarantee AM Capacity.

3.

Click Apply.

Step 2 Query the 15-minute performance value of the IF board on the local NE. 1.

Select the required IF board from the Object Tree in NE Explorer.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Performance > Current Performance.

3.

In Monitored Object Filter Condition, select All.

4.

Set Monitor Period to 15-Minute.

5.

In Count, select Other Errors. In Display Options, select Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds Second.

6.

Click Query. In performance events, the value of FEC_BEF_COR_ER should be 0.

Step 3 Query the AM working status on the local NE. 1.

Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Hybrid/AM Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Click Query.

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Step 4 Reset the performance event register. 1.

Select the required IF board from the Object Tree in NE Explorer.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Performance > Current Performance.

3.

Click Reset. The confirmation dialog box is displayed.

4.

Click OK.

Step 5 Configure the Hybrid/AM attribute to the planned values on the local NE. 1.

Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Hybrid/AM Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

On the local NE, set the AM attribute to Enable, and set Modulation Mode of the Guarantee AM Capacity and Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity to the planned values.

3.

Click Apply.

Step 6 Repeat Step 2. Wait for a period, and query the 15-minute performance value of the IF board on the local NE. In performance events, the value of FEC_BEF_COR_ER should be 0.

Step 7 Query the AM working status on the local NE. 1.

Select the IF board from the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Hybrid/AM Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Click Query.

Transmit-End Modulation mode should be Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity of a preset value.

NOTE

In the case of unfavorable weather, the current modulation mode may be lower than the value of Modulation Mode of the Full AM Capacity.

----End

5.5 Testing Protection Switching By testing protection switching, you can check whether the protection switching is normal on radio links.

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5.5.1 Testing IF 1+1 Switching By checking the change in the slot that the current working board in an IF 1+1 protection group resides after the switching, you can check whether IF 1+1 protection works normally. 5.5.2 Testing N+1 Protection Switching By checking the change in the slot that the current working board in an IF N+1 protection group resides after the switching, you can check whether the IF N+1 protection works normally. 5.5.3 Testing SNCP Switching By checking the change in the working port of an SNCP protection group after the switching, you can check whether the SNCP works correctly. 5.5.4 Testing ERPS By checking the change in the port status of an ERPS protection group after the switching, you can check whether the ERPS function works normally. 5.5.5 Testing Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Switching By checking the change in the current working port of an MSP group after the switching, you can check whether the two-fiber bidirectional MSP works normally. 5.5.6 Testing Linear MSP Switching By checking the change in the current working port of an MSP group after the switching, you can check whether the linear MSP works normally.

5.5.1 Testing IF 1+1 Switching By checking the change in the slot that the current working board in an IF 1+1 protection group resides after the switching, you can check whether IF 1+1 protection works normally.

Prerequisite l

The antennas must be aligned.

l

The equipment must be configured with IF 1+1 protection.

l

The E1 service must be configured.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Web LCT

l

BER tester

Test Connection Diagram Figure 5-5 Configuration for testing the linear MSP switching NE A and NE B are configured as follows: l

Main IF board: IFH2 in slot 5

l

Standby IF board: IFH2 in slot 7

l

Main ODU: ODU in slot 15

l

Standby ODU: ODU in slot 17

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NE A

NE B

As shown in Figure 5-5, the following steps consider the E1 service between NE A and NE B that is configured with 1+1 HSB protection as an example. NOTE

l

If Working Mode of IF 1+1 protection is set to HSB or SD, TX Status should be set to mute for the ODU on the main channel of NE A, and Enable Reverse Switching should be set to Enable. The switching occurs at NE A.

l

If Working Mode of IF 1+1 protection is set to FD, TX Status should be set to mute for the ODU on the main channel of NE B. The switching occurs at NE A.

Precautions NOTE

If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of Active Board of Device or Active Board of Channel in Protection Group when the protection switching occurs and after the protection switching is complete.

Procedure Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 2 to Step 11.

No BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 6 to Step 10.

Step 2 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface IF/RF Port Loopback of all the NEs to Disabled. For details, see setting the automatic release function of NEs. Step 3 On NE A at the central site, connect one E1 port to the BER tester. Step 4 On NE B at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS.

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1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 5 Test the BER by using the BER tester. There should be no bit errors. Step 6 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A. 1.

Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration.

2.

Select IF 1+1 Protection, and then click Query.

3.

In Protection Group, the value of Active Board of Device should be the main IF board 5-IFH2.

Step 7 Set TX Status to mute for the main ODU 15-ODU of NE A. 1.

Select the NE in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.

3.

Select the required ODU, and set TX Status to mute.

4.

Click Apply.

Step 8 Check the availability of the service after the switching. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Check the test result on the BER tester. It should show that the service is restored after a transient interruption.

No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Through E1 service is transmitted on the radio link. PRBS to test the availability of the E1 service. No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services to test the Ethernet service is transmitted on the radio availability of the Ethernet service. link. Step 9 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A. 1.

Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Select IF 1+1 Protection, and then click Query.

3.

In Protection Group, the value of Active Board of Device should be the standby IF board 7-IFH2.

Step 10 Set TX Status to mute for the main ODU 15-ODU of NE A. Step 11 Release the loopback set in Step 4. 1. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

----End

5.5.2 Testing N+1 Protection Switching By checking the change in the slot that the current working board in an IF N+1 protection group resides after the switching, you can check whether the IF N+1 protection works normally.

Prerequisite l

The antennas must be aligned.

l

The equipment must be configured with N+1 protection.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Web LCT

l

BER tester

Test Connection Diagram Figure 5-6 Configuration for testing the N+1 protection switching NE A and NE B are configured as follows: l

Main IF boards: IFH2 in slot 5 and IFH2 in slot 7

l

Standby IF board: IFH2 in slot 8

l

Main ODU: ODU in slot 15 and ODU in slot 17

l

Standby ODU: ODU in slot 18

NE A

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As shown in Figure 5-6, the following procedures consider the E1 service between NE A and NE B that is configured with N+1 (N=2) protection as an example.

Precautions NOTE

If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of Switching Status in Slot Mapping Relation when the protection switching occurs and after the protection switching is complete.

Procedure Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 2 to Step 11.

No BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 6 to Step 10.

Step 2 On NE A at the central site, connect one E1 port to the BER tester. Step 3 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface IF/RF Port Loopback of all the NEs to Disabled. For details, see setting the automatic release function of NEs. Step 4 On NE B at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 5 Test the BER by using the BER tester. There should be no bit errors. Step 6 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE B. 1.

Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE B, and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Select N+1 protection, and then click Query.

3.

In Slot Mapping Relation, Switching Status of the working units 5-IFH2-1 and 7-IFH2-1 and the protection unit 8-IFH2-1 should be Normal.

NOTE

If a fault occurs, you must rectify the fault and then proceed with the test.

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1.

Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.

3.

Select the required ODU, and set TX Status to mute.

4.

Click Apply.

Step 8 Check the availability of the service after the switching. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Check the test result on the BER tester. It should show that the service is restored after a transient interruption.

No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Through E1 service is transmitted on the radio link. PRBS to test the availability of the E1 service. No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services to test the Ethernet service is transmitted on the radio availability of the Ethernet service. link. Step 9 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE B. 1.

Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE B, and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Select N+1 protection, and then click Query.

3.

In Slot Mapping Relation, the Switching Status of the working unit 5-IFH2-1 should be SF Switching.

Step 10 Set TX Status to Unmute for the main ODU 15-ODU of NE A. Step 11 Release the loopback set in Step 4. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

----End

5.5.3 Testing SNCP Switching By checking the change in the working port of an SNCP protection group after the switching, you can check whether the SNCP works correctly.

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Prerequisite l

The antennas must be aligned.

l

The equipment must be configured with SNCP protection.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Web LCT

l

BER tester

Test Connection Diagram As shown in Figure 5-7, the following procedures consider the E1 service between NE A and NE C that is configured with the SNCP as an example. Figure 5-7 shows a network composed of radio links, and the test procedures are similar in the case of a network composed of optical fiber links. Figure 5-7 Networking diagram NE A and NE C are configured as follows: l

West IF board: IFH2 in slot 5

l

East IF board: IFH2 in slot 7

l

West ODU: ODU in slot 15

l

East ODU: ODU in slot 17 NE A

Working SNC

Protecting SNC

NE D NE B

NE C

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Precautions NOTE

If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of Active Channel in Working Service when the protection switching occurs and after the protection switching is complete.

Procedure Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 2 to Step 11.

No BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 6 to Step 10.

Step 2 On NE A at the central site, connect one E1 port to the BER tester. Step 3 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface IF/RF Port Loopback of all the NEs to Disabled. For details, see setting the automatic release function of NEs. Step 4 On NE C at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 5 Test the BER by using the BER tester. There are no bit errors. Step 6 Before switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE C.

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1.

In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree, and then choose Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree.

2.

In Working Cross-Connection, select an SNCP service that is already created, then click Function, and finally select Query Switching Status.

3.

The current SNCP status of the equipment is indicated in Working Cross-Connection and Protection Cross-Connection. In Current Status, Normal should be displayed. In Active Channel, Working Channel should be displayed.

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Step 7 Set TX Status to mute for the main ODU 15-ODU of NE A. 1.

In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree, and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.

3.

Select the required ODU, and set TX Status to mute.

4.

Click Apply.

Step 8 Check the availability of the service after switching. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Check the test result on the BER tester. It should show that the service is restored after a transient interruption.

No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Through E1 service is transmitted on the radio link. PRBS to test the availability of the E1 service. Step 9 After switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE C. 1.

In the NE Explorer, select the NE from the Object Tree, and then choose Configuration > SNCP Service Control from the Function Tree.

2.

Click Function, and then select Query Switching Status. In Current Status, SF Switching should be displayed. In Active Channel, Protection Channel should be displayed.

Step 10 Set TX Status to unmute for the main ODU 15-ODU of NE A. Step 11 Release the loopback that is set in Step 4. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

----End

5.5.4 Testing ERPS By checking the change in the port status of an ERPS protection group after the switching, you can check whether the ERPS function works normally. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Prerequisite l

The equipment must be configured with ERPS.

l

The network cables for carrying the working and protection Ethernet services in the ERPS group must be properly connected.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Test Connection Diagram As shown in Figure 5-8, the following procedures consider the Ethernet service between NE A and NE D that is configured with ERPS as an example, in which NE A functions as the owner node. Figure 5-8 Networking diagram for testing ERPS NE A, NE B, NE C, and NE D are configured as follows: l

West IF board: IFH2 in slot 5

l

East IF board: IFH2 in slot 7

l

West ODU: ODU in slot 15

l

East ODU: ODU in slot 17

West

East

NE B Protection channel West

East

NE A

NE D

East West

Working channel West

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NE C East

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Procedure Step 1 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A. 1.

Select the required NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Ethernet Protection > ERPS Management from the Function Tree.

2.

Select the required ERPS protection group, and then click Query.

3.

Status of State Machine needs to be Idle.

Step 2 See 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services to test availability of Ethernet services. The test result should meet the service requirements. Step 3 Set TX Status to mute for the west ODU 15-ODU of NE A. 1.

Select the required NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE D, and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.

3.

Select the required ODU, and set TX Status to mute.

4.

Click Apply.

Step 4 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A. 1.

Select the required NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Ethernet Protection > ERPS Management from the Function Tree.

2.

Select the required ERPS protection group, and then click Query.

3.

Status of State Machine needs to be Idle.

Step 5 See 5.3 Testing Ethernet Services to test availability of Ethernet services. The test result should meet the service requirements. Step 6 Set TX Status to unmute for the west ODU 15-ODU of NE D. 1.

Select the required NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE D, and then choose Configuration > Link Configuration from the Function Tree.

2.

Click the IF/ODU Configuration tab.

3.

Select the required ODU, and set TX Status to unmute.

4.

Click Apply.

----End

5.5.5 Testing Two-Fiber Bidirectional MSP Switching By checking the change in the current working port of an MSP group after the switching, you can check whether the two-fiber bidirectional MSP works normally. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Prerequisite l

The equipment must be configured with two-fiber bidirectional MSP.

l

The fibers must be properly connected.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

BER tester

l

Web LCT

Precautions Figure 5-9 shows the linear MSP composed of the OptiX RTN 620 that is connected by optical fibers. The following procedures consider the E1 service from NE A to NE B as an example. Figure 5-9 Two-fiber bidirectional MSP switching

NE A West

East

West NE B

STM-4 two-fiber bidirectional MSP ring

East

East NE D West

West

East NE C

Service between NE A and NE C

Procedure Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site. 5-52

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If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 4 to Step 13.

No BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 7 to Step 12.

Step 2 On NE A at the central site, connect one E1 port to the BER tester. Step 3 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface IF/RF Port Loopback of all the NEs to Disabled. For details, see setting the automatic release function of NEs. Step 4 On NE C at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 5 Test the BER by using the BER tester. There should be no bit errors. If any bit error occurs, see the Maintenance Guide for handling the fault. Step 6 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A. 1.

Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Ring MS from the Function Tree.

2.

Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status. In Slot Mapping Relation, the Switching Status of east line and west line should be Idle.

NOTE

If a fault occurs, you must rectify the fault and then proceed with the test.

Step 7 Shut down the laser on the east optical interface board on NE A to trigger the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection switching. 1.

Select the required optical interface board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A.

2.

Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree.

3.

Select By Function and then select Laser Switch from the drop-down list.

4.

Select the laser port that corresponds to the working unit, and then set Laser Switch to Close.

5.

Click Apply.

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The Confirm dialog box is displayed. 6.

Click OK. TIP

You can also trigger the two-fiber bidirectional MSP switching by disconnecting the optical fibers.

Step 8 Check the availability of the service after the switching. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Check the test result on the BER tester. It should show that the service is restored after a transient interruption.

The BER tester is unavailable on site, and See 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Through the E1 service is transmitted on the optical PRBS to test the availability of the E1 service. fiber link. Step 9 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A. 1.

Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Ring MS from the Function Tree.

2.

Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status. In Slot Mapping Relation, the value of Switching Status should be Signal Fail-Ring.

Step 10 Restart the laser on the east optical interface board on NE A. 1.

Select the required optical interface board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A.

2.

Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree.

3.

Select By Function and then select Laser Switch from the drop-down list.

4.

Select the laser port that corresponds to the working unit, and then set Laser Switch to Open.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 11 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A. 1.

Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Ring MS from the Function Tree.

2.

Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status. In Slot Mapping Relation, the Switching Status of east line and west line should be Idle. NOTE

After the service is restored, you can query Switching Status after the WTR time expires. The default value of WTR Time is 600s.

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Step 12 Check the availability of the service after the switching. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Check the test result on the BER tester. It should show that the service is restored after a transient interruption. The default value of WTR Time is 600s.

No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Through E1 service is transmitted on the optical fiber PRBS to test the availability of the E1 service. link.

NOTE

The Revertive Mode of the two-fiber bidirectional MSP protection should always be Revertive.

Step 13 Release the loopback set in Step 4. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

----End

5.5.6 Testing Linear MSP Switching By checking the change in the current working port of an MSP group after the switching, you can check whether the linear MSP works normally.

Prerequisite l

The equipment must be configured with the linear MSP.

l

The working and protection optical fibers of the linear MSP are connected properly.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Web LCT

l

BER tester

Test Connection Diagram Figure 5-10 shows the linear MSP composed of the OptiX RTN 620 that is connected by optical fibers. The following procedures consider the E1 service from NE A to NE B as an example.

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Figure 5-10 Configuration for testing the linear MSP switching NE A

Working channel

NE B

Protection channel

Precautions NOTE

If no BER tester is available on site, you can compare the values of West Switching Status in Slot Mapping Relation when the protection switching occurs and after the protection switching is complete.

Procedure Step 1 Check whether a BER tester is available at the central site. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 2 to Step 11.

No BER tester is available on site

Perform Step 6 to Step 10.

Step 2 On NE A at the central site, connect one E1 port to the BER tester. Step 3 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface IF/RF Port Loopback of all the NEs to Disabled. For details, see setting the automatic release function of NEs. Step 4 On NE B at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 5 Test the BER by using the BER tester. There should be no bit errors. If any bit error occurs, see the Maintenance Guide for handling the fault. Step 6 Before the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A.

5-56

1.

Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Linear MS from the Function Tree.

2.

In Slot Mapping Relation, select Working Unit.

3.

Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status. In Slot Mapping Relation, the value of West Switching Status should be Idle. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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NOTE

In the case of the working and protection units of the service that is configured with the linear MSP, the values of West Switching Status should be Idle. If a fault arises, you must rectify the fault and proceed with the linear MSP switching testing.

Step 7 Shut down the laser on the working unit on NE A. 1.

Select the required optical interface board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A.

2.

Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree.

3.

Select By Function and then select Laser Switch from the drop-down list.

4.

Select the laser port that corresponds to the working unit, and then set Laser Switch to Close.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 8 Check the availability of the service after the switching. If...

Then...

A BER tester is available on site

Check the test result on the BER tester. It should show that the service is restored after a transient interruption.

No BER tester is available on site, and the See 5.2.2 Testing E1 Services Through E1 service is transmitted on the optical fiber PRBS to test the availability of the E1 service. link. Step 9 After the switching, query the status of the protection group that is configured on NE A. 1.

Select the NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A, and then choose Configuration > Linear MS from the Function Tree.

2.

In Slot Mapping Relation, select Working Unit.

3.

Click Query, and then select Query Switching Status. In Slot Mapping Relation, the value of West Switching Status should be Switch upon signal failure, the value of Protected Unit should be West Line of Working Unit.

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In the case of the 1+1 linear MSP, Revertive Mode can be set to Revertive or Non-Revertive. In the case of the 1:N linear MSP, Revertive Mode is always set to Revertive. l

After the automatic switching occurs on the equipment, the service is restored. If Revertive Mode is set to Revertive for the linear MSP, the change in values of West Switching Status and Protected Unit can be queried after the WTR time expires.

l

After the automatic switching occurs on the equipment, the service is restored. If Revertive Mode is set to Non-Revertive for the linear MSP, stop and then start the MSP protocol to restore the value of West Switching Status to Idle.

Step 10 Turn on the laser for the working unit on NE A. 1.

Select the required optical interface board from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer of NE A.

2.

Choose Configuration > SDH Interface from the Function Tree.

3.

Select By Function and then select Laser Switch from the drop-down list.

4.

Select the laser port that corresponds to the working unit, and then set Laser Switch to Open.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 11 Release the loopback set in Step 4. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

----End

5.6 Checking the Clock Status By checking the clock status for each NE, you can ensure that the clocks of all the NEs on a radio network are synchronized.

Prerequisite The clock configuration must be complete. The link that transmit clocks must be normal.

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Procedure Step 1 Select the required NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer, and then choose Configuration > Clock > Clock Synchronization Status from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click Query. NOTE

l

If the clock of an NE is selected as the master clock of the radio network, this clock is in free-run mode and the clocks of the other NEs are in tracing mode.

l

If a service clock or an external clock is selected as the master clock of the radio network, the clocks of all the NEs are in tracing mode.

Step 3 Repeat Step 1 through Step 2 to check the working modes of the other NEs on the radio network. ----End

5.7 Testing the 24-Hour BER You can check whether the equipment can transmit services stably for a long term by testing the 24-hour BER.

Prerequisite The antennas must be aligned. E1 service must be configured.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials l

Web LCT

l

BER tester

l

E1 jumper

l

If the 24-hour BER cannot be tested for each hop of link because of restrictions of the actual situation, choose the E1 service of the first node and the last node on each link to perform the test. Through this method, you can ensure that the test path covers all the radio links.

l

The following test procedure considers the E1 service between NEs as an example.

Precautions

Procedure Step 1 On the equipment at the central site, extract several typical E1 services and then connect them to the DDF in a serial manner. After that, access these services to the BER tester.

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5 System Commissioning Guide DDF RX TX

RX

TX

. .. .

1 2 3 4

BER tester

Step 2 Use the Web LCT to set the automatic loopback release function of SDH Optical/Electrical Interface IF/RF Port Loopback of all the NEs to Disabled. For details, see setting the automatic release function of NEs. Step 3 On the equipment at the remote site, perform a software inloop at the E1 port by using the NMS. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Inloop.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

Step 4 Perform the 24-hour BER test by using the BER tester. Step 5 Record the test result, which should meet the design requirements. Step 6 Release the loopback and serial connection. 1.

Select the PDH interface board in the Object Tree.

2.

In the Function Tree, choose Configuration > PDH Interface.

3.

Select By Function and select Tributary Loopback from the drop-down menu.

4.

In Tributary Loopback, select Non-Loopback.

5.

Click Apply. The Confirm dialog box is displayed.

6.

Click OK.

----End

Postrequisite

5-60

l

If the first 24-hour BER test does not meet the specified requirement, find out the cause and rectify the fault. Perform another 24-hour BER test until the test is passed.

l

If the BER exceeds the nominal value in the test for a serial connection, locate the fault by using the dichotomizing search or other methods until each channel passes the 24-hour BER test. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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6 Introduction to a Hand-Held Tool

6

Introduction to a Hand-Held Tool

About This Chapter To improve commissioning efficiency, Huawei has developed a hand-held tool dedicated to the site commissioning of radio equipment. 6.1 Functions and Features A hand-held tool provides various functions and features to meet the requirements of site commissioning of radio equipment. 6.2 Operation Interface A hand-held tool provides a user-friendly interface.

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6.1 Functions and Features A hand-held tool provides various functions and features to meet the requirements of site commissioning of radio equipment. A hand-held tool provides the following functions: l

Supports switch-on by pressing and holding.

l

Supports automatic login to the NE upon switch-on, and supports serial port login mode from MML to NMS.

l

Automatically adds logical boards for in-position physical boards.

l

Automatically changes the LCT access enabling status to Enable.

l

Displays all in-service physical board information on the standby interface.

l

Supports settings of IF information through function key F1, settings of NE attributes through function key F2, and query of configurations through function key F3.

l

Supports settings and query of IF information, including transmit frequency, transmit power, T/R spacing, IF channel bandwidth, modulation mode, and 1+1 protection scheme.

l

Supports settings and query of NE attributes, including NE name, NE ID, extended ID, extended ECC, IP address, and subnet mask.

l

Supports regular query of the receive power of an ODU.

l

Supports query of the basic information, frequency range, power range, and serial number of an ODU.

l

Supports query of all current alarms on the NE.

l

Supports query of the NE version and terminal version.

l

Supports automatic backup to the flash memory for data protection after the NE databases are changed.

l

Supports a real-time check on the physical connections between the hand-held tool and the NE when the user interface is in standby state. Supports automatic re-login in the case of disconnection.

6.2 Operation Interface A hand-held tool provides a user-friendly interface. A hand-held tool is available in two types: type I and type IV. The two types are the same in function, but are different in exterior and key arrangement. The following figure shows the exterior and key arrangement of the two types of hand-held tool.

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Figure 6-1 Exterior and key arrangement of type I hand-held tool

Screen

Charge indicator Power key

Communication indicator

Digit keys

Decimal points Up and down keys

Backspace

Battery area

Function keys Communication port Back Reset port cover lock

The keys include digit keys, function keys, power key, and confirmation key. The screen mainly displays configuration information about the NE and modification.

Figure 6-2 Exterior and key arrangement of type II hand-held tool

Screen

Up and down keys Reset port Digit keys

Backspace

1 4 7 C

2 5 8 0

3 6 9

Charge indicator

F1 F2 F3

Communication port Function keys

Power key Front

Back

Type I and type II are almost the same. The main difference is with regard to the key arrangement.

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7 Configuration Example of Service Data

Configuration Example of Service Data

About This Chapter This topic uses an example of configuring service data of one hop of TDM radio equipment to describe how to configure service data. 7.1 Networking Diagram This topic describes the networking information about the NEs. 7.2 Board Configurations Before performing the networking planning, you need to be familiar with the board configurations of each NE. 7.3 Service Planning The service planning information contains all the parameter information required for configuring the NE data. 7.4 Configuration Process This topic describes the procedure of data configuration.

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7 Configuration Example of Service Data

7.1 Networking Diagram This topic describes the networking information about the NEs. As shown in Figure 7-1, there is a TDM radio link between NE A and NE B that are constructed by the OptiX RTN 620 s. Figure 7-1 Networking diagram 101 14930M 14510M 8E1，7M，16QAM 1+1 HSB H-polarzation

Tx high

Tx low

NE B

NE A Link ID Tx high station Tx Freq. Tx low station Tx Freq. Radio work mode RF configuarion Polarization

7.2 Board Configurations Before performing the networking planning, you need to be familiar with the board configurations of each NE. The board configurations of NE A are the same as the board configurations of NE B, as shown in Figure 7-2. Figure 7-2 Board configuration diagram

FAN FAN Slot 20

IF1A EXT

Slot7

EXT

Slot8

EXT IF1A

Slot5

EXT

Slot6

PXC PXC

Slot3

EXT PO1

Slot4

PXC PXC

Slot1

SCC SCC

Slot2

NOTE

The ODU that is connected to the IF board in slot n occupies logical slot 10+n. The logical slot of the ODU is not shown in the board layout diagram.

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7.3 Service Planning The service planning information contains all the parameter information required for configuring the NE data.

NE attributes Parameter

NE A

NE B

Equipment type

OptiX RTN 620

OptiX RTN 620

NE ID

101

102

extended ID

9 (default value)

9 (default value)

NE IP address

129.9.0.101

129.9.0.102

Radio Link Information Table 7-1 Planning information about radio links Parameter

Link 1

Tx high site

NE A

Tx low site

NE B

Tx frequency at the Tx high site (MHz)

14930

Tx frequency at the Tx low site (MHz)

14510

T/R Spacing (MHz)

420

Microwave working mode

4,8E1,7MHz,16QAM

Link protection mode

1+1 HSB

Polarization directiona

H (horizontal polarization)

Transmit power (dBm)

5 (NE A) 5 (NE B)

Receive power (dBm)

-42 (NE A) -42 (NE B)

ATPC enabling

Disabled

NOTE a: The planning information that is not associated with the configuration of the IDU (except for the polarization direction) is not provided in this example.

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Information About IF Boards Based on the radio type, slot priorities of IF boards, and configuration rules of the 1+1 protection, you can obtain the information of IF boards as shown in Table 7-2. Table 7-2 Information about IF boards Parameter

Link 1

Main IF board

5-IF1A (NE A) 5-IF1A (NE B)

Standby IF board

7-IF1A (NE A) 7-IF1A (NE B)

RF configuration mode

Configuration in 1+1 HSB Protection Mode

Revertive mode

Revertive (default value)

Wait to Restore Time

600 seconds (default value)

Enable Reverse Switching

Disabled

Timeslot Allocation Information Figure 7-3 Timeslot allocation diagram

Links-1: NE A-NE B Station NE A Timeslot VC4-1

NE B

5-IF1A 5-IF1A VC12: 1-8 VC12: 1-8 4-PO1:1-8

4-PO1:1-8 Add/Drop Foward

Figure 7-3 shows the service timeslots between NEs. E1 services between NE A and NE B: Ports 1-8 on the PO1 board in slot 4 add/drop services.

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Clock and Orderwire Information Table 7-3 Clock and orderwire information Parameter

NE A

NE B

Clock source

First clock source

Internal clock source

5-IF1A-1

Second clock source

-

7-IF1A-1

Third clock source

-

Internal clock source

Orderwire phone number

101

102

Call waiting time

5 seconds

5 seconds

Orderwire port

5-IF1A-1

5-IF1A-1

7-IF1A-1

7-IF1A-1

E1

E1

Orderw ire

Occupied overhead type

7.4 Configuration Process This topic describes the procedure of data configuration.

Precautions If operations including changing the ID of an NE, modifying the parameters of NE communication, and configuring logical boards are already performed, start site commissioning from Step 6.

Procedure Step 1 See Creating NEs by Using the Search Method and create the NEs. The parameters are set as follows. Parameter

Value

Network Segment

129.9.255.255

NOTE

In this example, the following assumptions are made: the IP address of the gateway NE is never changed and the specific IP address is unknown. Therefore, the network segment 129.9.255.255 is used as the search domain to search for NEs. If the IP address of the gateway NE is known, it is recommended that you set the IP address of the gateway NE as the search domain.

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Step 2 See Logging in to an NE and log in to the NEs. Parameter

Value

User Name

lct

Password

password

Step 3 See Changing the ID of an NE and change NE IDs. The parameters of NE A and NE B are set as follows. Parameter

Value NE A

NE B

ID

101

102

Extended ID

9 (default value)

9 (default value)

Step 4 See Configuring Logical Boards and configure logical boards. Configure logical boards based on their mapping relationships with the physical boards. Step 5 See Synchronizing NE Time and synchronize the NE time. Step 6 See Creating IF 1+1 Protection and create IF 1+1 protection. The parameters of NE A and NE B are set as follows. Parameter

Value NE A

NE B

Working Mode

HSB

HSB

Revertive Mode

Revertive Mode

Revertive Mode

WTR Time(s)

600

600

Enable Reverse Switching

Disabled

Disabled

Working Board

5-IF1A-1

5-IF1A-1

Protection Board

7-IF1A-1

7-IF1A-1

Step 7 See Configuring IF/ODU Information for a Radio Link and configure the IF/ODU information. The parameters of NE A and NE B are set as follows. Parameter

Work Mode 7-6

Value (NE A)

Value (NE B)

5-IF1A & 15-ODU

5-IF1A & 15-ODU

4,8E1,7MHz,16QAM

4,8E1,7MHz,16QAM

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Parameter

Value (NE A)

Value (NE B)

5-IF1A & 15-ODU

5-IF1A & 15-ODU

Link ID

101

101

ATPC Enable Status

Disabled

Disabled

TX Frequency(MHz)

14930

14510

T/R Spacing(MHz)

420

420

TX Power(dBm)

5

5

TX Status

unmute

unmute

Receive Power (dBm)

-42

-42

Step 8 See Creating Cross-Connections for Point-to-Point Services and create the crossconnections. The parameters of NE A and NE B are set as follows. Parameter

Value NE A

NE B

Level

VC-12

VC-12

Direction

Bidirectional

Bidirectional

Source

5-IF1A-1

5-IF1A-1

Source VC4

VC4-1

VC4-1

Source Timeslot Range(e.g. 1,3-6)

1-8

1-8

Sink

4-PO1

4-PO1

Sink VC4

-

-

Sink Timeslot Range(e.g. 1,3-6)

1-8

1-8

Step 9 See Configuring a Clock Source and configure clock sources. The parameters of NE A and NE B are set as follows. Parameter

Clock Source

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Value NE A

NE B

Internal Clock Source

5-IF1A-1

-

7-IF1A-1

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Parameter

Value NE A

NE B

-

Internal Clock Source

Step 10 See Configuring the Orderwire Phone and configure the orderwire phone. The parameters of NE A and NE B are set as follows. Parameter

Value NE A

NE B

Call Waiting Time(s)

9

9

Phone 1

101

102

Orderwire Port

5-IF1A-1

5-IF1A-1

7-IF1A-1

7-IF1A-1

E1

E1

Occupied Overhead Byte

----End

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8

Task Collection

About This Chapter This topic describes various tasks involved in configuring and maintaining the product. 8.1 Creating MDs A maintenance domain (MD) defines the scope and level of the Ethernet OAM. The MDs of different levels and scopes can provide differentiated OAM services to users. 8.2 Creating MAs A maintenance domain (MD) can be divided into several independent maintenance associations (MA). By creating MAs, operators can associate specific Ethernet services with the MAs for easy Ethernet OAM operation. 8.3 Creating MPs The functions of the IEEE 802.1ag OAM can be used only after MPs are created. 8.4 Setting the Automatic Release Function To protect the NM and NE communication from improper operations, an NE supports the automatic release of the ODU mute, loopback, and other operations that require you to exercise caution. The automatic release time is five minutes by default. You can set whether to enable the automatic release function and the automatic release time using the NMS. 8.5 Configuring External Ethernet Ports When an NE uses external ports of Ethernet boards to gain access to Ethernet services, the attributes of external ports need to be configured so that external ports can work with the data communication equipment on the client side to provide normal access to Ethernet services.

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8.1 Creating MDs A maintenance domain (MD) defines the scope and level of the Ethernet OAM. The MDs of different levels and scopes can provide differentiated OAM services to users.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The board for creating the MDs has been installed.

l

Ethernet services have been created.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the relevant board, and then choose Configuration > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Service OAM from the Function Free. Step 2 In the right-hand pane, click OAM Configuration to display the OAM Configuration dialog box.

NOTE

In this user interface, you can maintain or delete OAM MDs.

Step 3 Click New, and then select Create MD from the drop-down list. Step 4 In the Create MD dialog box that is displayed, set the corresponding parameters.

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Step 5 Click Apply. ----End

Example Table 8-1 Parameters Field

Value

Default

Description

Maintenance Domain Name

For example: MD1

-

Displays or sets the MD name.

Maintenance Association Name

For example: MA1

-

Displays or sets the maintenance association name.

Maintenance Domain Level

Consumer High(7)

Operator Low(0)

Displays or sets the maintenance domain level. The greater the value, the higher the priority.

Operator Low(0)

The priority of the MP is the priority of the MD. The greater the value, the higher the priority.

Consumer Middle(6) Consumer Low(5) Provider High(4) Provider Low(3) Operator High(2) Operator Middle(1) Operator Low(0)

Maintenance Level

Consumer High(7) Consumer Middle(6) Consumer Low(5) Provider High(4) Provider Low(3) Operator High(2) Operator Middle(1) Operator Low(0)

8.2 Creating MAs A maintenance domain (MD) can be divided into several independent maintenance associations (MA). By creating MAs, operators can associate specific Ethernet services with the MAs for easy Ethernet OAM operation. Issue 03 (2010-05-30)

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Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The MD has been created.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the relevant board, and then choose Configuration > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Service OAM from the Function Free. Step 2 In the right-hand pane, click OAM Configuration to display the OAM Configuration dialog box. NOTE

In this user interface, you can create or delete OAM MAs.

Step 3 Click New, and then select Create MA from the drop-down list.

Step 4 In the Create MA dialog box that is displayed, set the corresponding parameters.

Step 5 Click Apply. ----End

Example Table 8-2 Parameters Field

Value

Default

Description

Maintenance Domain Name

For example: MD1

-

Displays the maintenance domain name.

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Field

Value

Default

Description

Maintenance Association Name

For example: MA1

-

Sets the maintenance association name. MA is a domain related to a service. Through MA division, the connectivity check (CC) can be performed on the network that transmits a service instance.

8.3 Creating MPs The functions of the IEEE 802.1ag OAM can be used only after MPs are created.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

The Ethernet service has been created and activated.

l

The MD and MA have been created before you create the standard MP.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Precautions In an OAM test, all maintenance points that are involved in the operation of the same service flow must be in the same maintenance domain. In an existing maintenance domain involved in the same service flow, creating a maintenance point of the same level or a higher level may damage the existing maintenance domain. As a result, the OAM test fails.

Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select an Ethernet board, and then choose Configuration > Ethernet Maintenance > Ethernet Service OAM from the Function Tree. Step 2 Click New to displayed the Create MP dialog box. Set the relevant parameters in the dialog box.

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NOTE

Note: l

VLAN ID: Leave this field blank for PORT services. For PORT+VLAN services, set this parameter for the services to be monitored.

l

Service Direction: Only MEPs have the directions. Set the direction in which the packets are transmitted to the port as the Ingress direction, and set the direction in which the packets are transmitted from the port as the Egress direction. The direction of the MIPs can be only bidirectional.

Step 3 Optional: Click Advanced. In the dialog box that is displayed, click Advanced. NOTE

If an MEP is created, you can choose whether to perform the following configuration. l

Activate the CC and configure the sending period of the CC test.

l

Set the timeout time for the LB or LT test.

Step 4 Click OK. ----End

Example Table 8-3 Parameters Field

Value

Default

Description

Maintenance Domain Name

For example: MD1

NULL

Displays the MD of the MP.

Maintenance Association Name

For example: MA1

8-6

NOTE An MD is not required for a non-standard MP. For the creation of a non-standard MP, select NULL.

NULL

Displays the MA of the created MP. NOTE An MA is not required for a non-standard MP. For the creation of a non-standard MP, select NULL.

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Field

Value

Default

Description

Node

slot-board-port

-

Selects the port where you want to create an MP.

VLAN ID

1-4095

-

Configures the ID of the VLAN to which the service of the MP belongs. The information is contained in the OAM data packet. The MPs with the same VLAN ID in an MD can communicate with each other.

MP ID

Standard MP: 00-00-0000 to FFFF-1FFF

-

Uniquely identifies an MP. The bytes from higher bits to lower bits are respectively described here. The first byte indicates the network number. The second byte indicates the number of the node in the local network. The third and forth bytes indicate the ID of the MP on the network node. The MP ID must be unique in the entire network.

MEP

Specifies the MP type defined in IEEE 802.1ag. MEP stands for Maintenance association End Point, and MIP stands for Maintenance association Intermediate Point.

-

l

Specifies the direction of the MEP.

l

Ingress indicates the direction in which the packets are transmitted to the port, and Egress indicates the direction in which the packets are transmitted from the port.

Non-standard MP: 00-00-0000 to FFFF-FF00

Type

MEP MIP

Direction

Ingress Egress

CC Status

Activate

Inactivate

Specifies whether to activate the connectivity check (CC) function at an MP.

Inactivate LB Timeout(ms)

3000-60000, in increments of 100

5000

Displays the timeout duration in the LB test.

LT Timeout(ms)

3000-60000, in increments of 100

5000

Sets the timeout duration of the LT test.

CCM Sending Period(ms)

Standard MP:

Standard MP:

1000

1000

10000

Common MP:

Sets the time interval for sending the CCM packet at the maintenance point where the CC test is performed.

6000

5000

600000 Common MP: 1000-60000

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l

If the time interval is very short, excessive service bandwidths are used.

l

If the time interval is very long, the CC test is less sensitive to the service interruption. Thus, the default value is recommended.

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8.4 Setting the Automatic Release Function To protect the NM and NE communication from improper operations, an NE supports the automatic release of the ODU mute, loopback, and other operations that require you to exercise caution. The automatic release time is five minutes by default. You can set whether to enable the automatic release function and the automatic release time using the NMS.

Prerequisite l

The communication between the Web LCT and the NE must be normal.

l

The NE user must have the authority of Maintenance Level or higher.

Procedure Step 1 Select an NE from the Object Tree in the NE Explorer. Step 2 Choose Configuration > Automatic Disabling of NE Function from the Function Tree. Step 3 Specify Auto Disabling and Auto Disabling Time (min). Step 4 Click Apply to complete the settings for the automatic release function. ----End

8.5 Configuring External Ethernet Ports When an NE uses external ports of Ethernet boards to gain access to Ethernet services, the attributes of external ports need to be configured so that external ports can work with the data communication equipment on the client side to provide normal access to Ethernet services.

Prerequisite l

The NE user must have the authority of Operation Level or higher.

l

Ethernet switching boards must be added on the Slot Layout.

Tools, Equipment, and Materials Web LCT

Precautions l

l

8-8

The Ethernet boards supported by the OptiX RTN 620 are the EFT4, EMS6, and EFP6. –

Ethernet ports FE1-FE4 of an EFT4 board correspond to PORT1-PORT4 respectively. The EFT4 board does not support the setting of TAG attributes, network attributes, and advanced attributes.

–

Ethernet ports FE1-FE4 of an EMS6 board correspond to PORT1-PORT4 respectively. Ports GE1 and GE2 of an EMS6 board correspond to PORT5 and PORT6 respectively.

–

Ethernet ports FE1-FE6 of an EFP6 board correspond to PORT1-PORT6 respectively.

The following procedures describe how to configure the external port of an EMS6 board. Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Procedure Step 1 In the NE Explorer, select the required Ethernet board, and then choose Configuration > Ethernet Interface Management > Ethernet Interface from the Function Tree. Step 2 Select External Port. Step 3 Set the basic attributes of the port. 1.

Click the Basic Attributes tab.

2.

Set the basic attributes of the port.

3.

Click Apply.

Step 4 Set the flow control mode of the port. 1.

Click the Flow Control tab.

2.

Set the flow control mode of the port.

3.

Click Apply.

Step 5 Optional: Set the TAG attributes of the port. 1.

Click the TAG Attributes tab.

2.

Set the TAG attributes of the port.

3.

Click Apply.

Step 6 Optional: Set the network attributes of the port. 1.

Click the Network Attributes tab.

2.

Set the network attributes of the port.

3.

Click Apply.

Step 7 Optional: Specifies the network attribute of a port. 1.

Click the Advanced Attributes tab.

2.

Set the advanced attributes of the port.

3.

Click Apply.

----End

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Example Table 8-4 Parameters for the basic attributes Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Enabled/Disabled

Enabled

Disabled

l

If the port gains access to services, set this parameter to Enabled. In the case of other ports, set this parameter to Disabled.

l

If you set this parameter to Enabled for the port that does not gain access to services, an ETH_LOS alarm may be generated.

l

The Ethernet ports of different types support different working modes.

l

When the equipment at the opposite end works in the auto-negotiation mode, set the working mode of the equipment at the local end to Auto-Negotiation.

l

When the equipment at the opposite end works in full-duplex mode, set the working mode of the equipment at the local end to 10M Full-Duplex, 1000 Full-Duplex or 1000M Full-Duplex, depending on the port rate of the equipment at the opposite end.

l

When the equipment at the opposite end works in half-duplex mode, set the working mode of the equipment at the local end to 10M Full-Duplex, 100M Full-Duplex or set to AutoNegotiation, depending on the port rate of the equipment at the opposite end.

l

The GE optical interfaces on the EMS6 support only auto-negotiation and 1000M full duplex working modes.

Disabled

Working Mode

l

In the case of the EFT4 board: Auto-Negotiation

Auto-Negotiation

10M Full-Duplex 100M FullDuplex l

In the case of the EMS6 board: Auto-Negotiation 10M HalfDuplex 10M Full-Duplex 100M HalfDuplex 100M FullDuplex 1000M FullDuplex

l

In the case of the EFP6 board: Auto-Negotiation 10M HalfDuplex 10M Full-Duplex 100M HalfDuplex 100M FullDuplex

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Maximum Frame Length

In the case of the EFT4 board: 1518-1535

1522

l

The value of this parameter is greater than the maximum length of a frame among all the data frames to be transmitted.

l

If Jumbo frames are not considered and the accessed services are ordinary Ethernet frames that use VLAN tags or do not have VLAN tags, it is recommended that you use the default value. If the access services include services (such as QinQ services) that use two-layer tags, it is recommended that you set this parameter to 1526 or a greater value.

l

When you set this parameter to Inloop, the Ethernet frame signals to be sent to the opposite end are looped back.

l

In normal cases, it is recommended that you use the default value.

l

When you set this parameter to Inloop, the Ethernet physical signals to be sent to the opposite end are looped back.

l

In normal cases, it is recommended that you use the default value.

In the case of the EMS6 board: 1518-9600 In the case of the EFP6 board: 1518-2000

MAC LoopBack

Non-Loopback

Non-Loopback

Inloop

PHY LoopBack

Non-Loopback

Non-Loopback

Inloop

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Table 8-5 Parameters for flow control Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

NonAutonegotiation Flow Control Mode

Disabled

Disabled

l

This parameter is valid only when you set Working Mode to Auto-Negotiation.

l

When you set this parameter to Enable Symmetric Flow Control, the port can send the PAUSE frames and process the received PAUSE frames.

l

When you set this parameter Send Only, the port can send the PAUSE frames in the case of congestion but cannot process the received PAUSE frames.

l

When you set this parameter to Send Only, the port can process the received PAUSE frames but cannot send the PAUSE frames in the case of congestion.

l

The non-autonegotiation flow control mode of the equipment at the local end must be the same as the nonautonegotiation flow control mode of the equipment at the opposite end.

l

This parameter is valid only when you set Working Mode to Auto-Negotiation.

l

When you set this parameter to Enable Symmetric Flow Control, the port can send the PAUSE frames and process the received PAUSE frames.

l

When you set this parameter to Enable Symmetric Flow Control, the port can send the PAUSE frames in the case of congestion but cannot process the received PAUSE frames.

l

When you set this parameter to Enable Symmetric/Dissymmetric Flow Control, the port can perform as follows:

Enable Symmetric Flow Control Send Only Receive Only

Autonegotiation Flow Control Mode

Disabled

Disabled

Enable Symmetric Flow Control Enable Symmetric/ Dissymmetric Flow Control Enable Symmetric Flow Control

l

8-12

–

Sends and processes the PAUSE frames.

–

Sends but does not process the PAUSE frames.

–

Processes but does not send PAUSE frames.

The auto-negotiation flow control mode of the equipment at the local end must be the same as the auto-negotiation flow control mode of the equipment at the opposite end.

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Table 8-6 Parameters for the TAG attributes Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

TAG

Tag Aware

Tag Aware

l

When ports are configured with TAG flags, the ports process frames by using the methods provided in Table 8-9.

l

If all the accessed services are frames with the VLAN tag (tagged frames), set this parameter to Tag Aware.

l

If all the accessed services are frames without the VLAN tag (untagged frames), set this parameter to Access.

l

If the accessed services contain tagged frames and untagged frames, set this parameter to Hybrid.

l

This parameter is valid only when you set TAG to Access or Hybrid.

l

For details about the functions of this parameter, see Table 8-9.

l

You need to set this parameter according to the actual situation.

l

This parameter is valid only when you set TAG to Access or Hybrid.

l

For details about the functions of this parameter, see Table 8-9.

l

When the VLAN priority is required to divide streams or to be used for other purposes, set this parameter according to the actual situation. Generally, it is recommended that you use the default value.

l

Indicates whether to check the incoming packets from the port according to the TAG attributes.

l

You need to set this parameter according to the actual situation.

Access Hybrid

Default VLAN ID

VLAN Priority

Entry Detection

1 to 4095

0 to 7

Enabled

1

0

Enable

Disabled

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Table 8-7 Parameters for the network attributes Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Port Attributes

UNI

UNI

l

When you set this parameter to UNI, the port processes data frames according to the tag attributes.

l

When you set this parameter to CAwareor S-Aware, the port does not process the data frames according to the tag attributes but processes the data frames according to the method of processing QinQ services.

l

If a port needs to transmit a QinQ-based service, set this parameter to C-Aware or S-Aware. Otherwise, this parameter takes the default value.

C-Aware S-Aware

Table 8-8 Parameters for the advanced attributes Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Enabling Broadcast Packet Suppression

Disabled

Disabled

Specifies whether to restrict the traffic of broadcast packets according to the ratio of the broadcast packets to the total packets. When a broadcast storm may occur in the equipment at the opposite end, set this parameter to Enabled.

Broadcast Packet Suppression Threshold

10% to 100%

30%

The port discards the received broadcast packets when the ratio of the received broadcast packets to the total packets exceeds the value of this parameter. The value of this parameter is greater than the ratio of the broadcast packets to the total packets when the broadcast storm does not occur. Generally, set this parameter to 30% or a greater value.

Flow Threshold (Mbps)

In the case of PORT1-PORT4: 0 to 100

In the case of PORT1-PORT4: 100

l

In the case of PORT5-PORT6: 0 to 1000

In the case of PORT5-PORT6: 1000

Specifies the threshold when the flow is zero. This parameter is valid only when you set Zero-Flow Monitor to Enabled.

l

This parameter is not applicable to the EFP6 board.

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Parameter

Value Range

Default Value

Description

Zero-Flow Monitor

Disabled

Disabled

l

Specifies whether to enable the zero-flow monitoring function.

l

When this parameter is set to Enabled for a port, the traffic threshold-crossing alarm is reported if the traffic over the port is lower than the traffic threshold.

l

This parameter is not applicable to the EFP6 board.

l

Specifies the zero-flow monitoring cycle. This parameter is valid only when you set Zero-Flow Monitor to Enabled.

l

This parameter is not applicable to the EFP6 board.

Zero-Flow Monitor Interval (min)

Loop Detection

Enabled

0 to 30

0

Disabled

Disabled

Enabled

Specifies whether to enable loop detection, which is used to check whether a loop exists on the port.

Table 8-9 Methods used by ports to process data frames Direction

Ingress

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Type of Data Frame

Processing Method Tag aware

Access

Hybrid

Tagged frame

The port receives the frame.

The port discards the frame.

The port receives the frame.

Untagged frame

The port discards the frame.

The port adds the VLAN tag to which Default VLAN ID and VLAN Priority correspond, to the frame, and receives the frame.

The port adds the VLAN tag to which Default VLAN ID and VLAN Priority correspond, to the frame, and receives the frame.

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Direction

Egress

8-16

Type of Data Frame

Processing Method Tag aware

Access

Hybrid

Tagged frame

The port transmits the frame.

The port strips the VLAN tag from the frame and then transmits the frame.

l

If the VLAN ID in the frame is Default VLAN ID, the port strips the VLAN tag from the frame and then transmits the frame.

l

If the VLAN ID in the frame is not Default VLAN ID, the port directly transmits the frame.

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A Glossary

A

Glossary

Terms are listed in an alphabetical order. A.1 0-9 A.2 A-E A.3 F-J A.4 K-O A.5 P-T A.6 U-Z

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A.1 0-9 1+1 protection

An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal is permanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, the normal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to the permanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected traffic signal to be provided.

1U

The standard electronics industries association (EIA) rack unit (44 mm/1.75 in.)

802.1Q in 802.1Q

802.1Q in 802.1Q (QinQ) is a VLAN feature that allows the equipment to add a VLAN tag to a tagged frame.The implementation of QinQ is to add a public VLAN tag to a frame with a private VLAN tag, making the frame encapsulated with two layers of VLAN tags. The frame is forwarded over the service provider's backbone network based on the public VLAN tag. By this, a layer 2 VPN tunnel is provided to customers.The QinQ feature enables the transmission of the private VLANs to the peer end transparently.

A.2 A-E A ABR

See Available Bit Rate

ACAP

See adjacent channel alternate polarization

Access Control List

Access Control List (ACL) is a list of IP address. The addresses listed in the ACL are used for authentication. If the ACL for the user is not null, it indicates that the address where the user logged in is contained in the list.

ACL

See Access Control List

adaptive modulation

A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode according to the channel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the equipment adopts a highefficiency modulation mode to improve the transmission efficiency and the spectrum utilization of the system. When the channel quality is degraded, the equipment adopts the low-efficiency modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of the link that carries high-priority services.

ADC

See Analog to Digital Converter

add/drop multiplexer

Add/Drop Multiplexing. Network elements that provide access to all or some subset of the constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The constituent signals are added to (inserted), and/or dropped from (extracted) the STM-N signal as it passed through the ADM.

Address Resolution Protocol

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is an Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. It allows hosts and routers to determine the link layer addresses through ARP requests and ARP responses. The address resolution is a process in which the host converts the target IP address into a target MAC address before transmitting a frame. The basic function of the ARP is to query the MAC address of the target equipment through its IP address.

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adjacent channel alternate polarization

A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a horizontal polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to transmit two signals.

ADM

See add/drop multiplexer

Administrative Unit

The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layer and the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher order VC) and an AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the multiplex section frame start.

AF

See Assured Forwarding

AGC

See Automatic Gain Control

aggregation

A collection of objects that makes a whole. An aggregation can be a concrete or conceptual set of whole-part relationships among objects.

AIS

See Alarm Indication Signal

Alarm automatic report

When an alarm is generated on the device side, the alarm is reported to the N2000. Then, an alarm panel prompts and the user can view the details of the alarm.

alarm cascading

The shunt-wound output of the alarm signals of several subracks or cabinets.

Alarm Filtering

An NE reports the detected alarm to the element management system (EMS). Based on the filter state of the alarm, the EMS determines whether to display or save the alarm information. If the filter state of an alarm is set to Filter, the alarm is not displayed or stored on the EMS. The alarm, however, is still monitored by the NE.

Alarm Indication Signal

A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failure has been detected and alarmed. It is associated with multiple transport layers. Note: See ITU-T Rec. G.707/Y.1322 for specific AIS signals.

Alarm suppression

A function used not to monitor alarms for a specific object, which may be the networkwide equipment, a specific NE, a specific board and even a specific function module of a specific board.

AM

See adaptive modulation

Analog to Digital Converter

An electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).

APS

See Automatic Protection Switching

ARP

See Address Resolution Protocol

ASK

amplitude shift keying

Assured Forwarding

Assured Forwarding (AF) is one of the four per-hop behaviors (PHB) defined by the Diff-Serv workgroup of IETF. AF is suitable for certain key data services that require assured bandwidth and short delay. For traffic within the limit, AF assures quality in forwarding. For traffic that exceeds the limit, AF degrades the service class and continues to forward the traffic instead of discarding the packets.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

A data transfer technology based on cell, in which packets allocation relies on channel demand. It supports fast packet switching to achieve efficient utilization of network resources. The size of a cell is 53 bytes, which consist of 48-byte payload and 5-byte header.

ATM

See Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATM PVC

ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit

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ATPC

See automatic transmit power control

attenuator

A device used to increase the attenuation of an Optical Fibre Link. Generally used to ensure that the signal at the receive end is not too strong.

AU

See Administrative Unit

Automatic Gain Control

A process or means by which gain is automatically adjusted in a specified manner as a function of a specified parameter, such as received signal level.

Automatic Protection Switching

Automatic Protection Switching (APS) is the capability of a transmission system to detect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover the traffic.

automatic transmit power control

A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal detected at the receiver

Available Bit Rate

A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. ABR only provides possible forwarding service and applies to the connections that does not require the real-time quality. It does not provide any guarantee in terms of cell loss or delay.

B Backward Defect Indication

When detecting a defect, the sink node of a LSP uses backward defect indication (BDI) to inform the upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path.

bandwidth

A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in a network. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies the transmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.

Base Station Controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM network. It interworks with the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface. It provides the following functions: Radio resource management, Base station management, Power control, Handover control, and Traffic measurement. One BSC controls and manages one or more BTSs in an actual network. Base Transceiver Station

A Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio interface. It allows transmission of traffic and signaling across the air interface. The BTS includes the baseband processing, radio equipment, and the antenna.

BDI

See Backward Defect Indication

BE

See best effort

BER

See Bit Error Rate

best effort

A kind of PHB (Per-Hop-Behavior). In the forwarding process of a DS domain, the traffic of this PHB type features reachability but the DS node does not guarantee the forwarding quality.

BIOS

Basic Input Output System

BIP

Bit-Interleaved Parity

bit error

An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and the corresponding bit in the received digital signal.

Bit Error Rate

Bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index used to measure the communications quality of a network.

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blank filler panel

A piece of board to cover vacant slots, to keep the frame away from dirt, to keep proper airflow inside the frame, and to beautify the frame appearance.

BPDU

See Bridge Protocol Data Unit

Bridge Protocol Data Unit

The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an extended LAN that uses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information on ports, addresses, priorities and costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was intended to go. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a network topology. The loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridges interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.

Broadcast

A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range is determined by the broadcast address.

BSC

See Base Station Controller

BTS

See Base Transceiver Station

Buffer

A storage area used for handling data in transit. Buffers are used in internetworking to compensate for differences in processing speed between network devices. Bursts of data can be stored in buffers until they can be handled by slower processing devices.

C C-VLAN

Customer VLAN

Cable distribution plate A component which is used to arrange the cables in order. cable ladder

(1) A cable ladder is a frame which supports electrical cables. (2) Two metal cables usually made of stainless steel with rungs of lightweight metal tubing such as aluminum, six or eight inches wide spaced about eighteen inches apart. It can be rolled into a compact lightweight bundle for transport ease.

cable tie

The tape used to bind the cables.

cabling trough

The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.

captive nut

Captive nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a range of uses but are more commonly used in the hobby for engine fixing (securing engine mounts to the firewall), wing fixings, and undercarriage fixing.

CAR

See committed access rate

CBR

See Constant Bit Rate

CCC

See Circuit Cross Connect

CCDP

See Co-Channel Dual Polarization

CCM

See continuity check message

CE

See Customer Edge

Central Processing Unit

The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place.

CES

See Circuit Emulation Service

CF

See compact flash

CGMP

Cisco Group Management Protocol

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CIR

See Committed Information Rate

Circuit Cross Connect

An implementation of MPLS L2VPN through the static configuration of labels.

Circuit Emulation Service

A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At the transmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATM cells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots. The CES technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to the original sequence at the reception end.

CIST

See Common and Internal Spanning Tree

CIST root

A switch of the highest priority is elected as the root in an MSTP network.

Class of Service

A class object that stores the priority mapping rules. When network congestion occurs, the class of service (CoS) first processes services by different priority levels from high to low. If the bandwidth is insufficient to support all services, the CoS dumps the services of low priority.

Clock tracing

The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in a network.

Co-Channel Dual Polarization

A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization is twice the transmission capacity of the single polarization.

Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

A signal transmission technology that multiplexes widely-spaced optical channels into the same fiber. CWDM widely spaces wavelengths at a spacing of several nm. CWDM does not support optical amplifiers and is applied in short-distance chain networking.

Colored packet

A packet whose priority is determined by defined colors.

Combined cabinet

Two or multiple BTS cabinets of the same type are combined to serve as one BTS.

committed access rate

A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface. CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classified into QoS (Quality of Service) groups, and by which the input or output transmission rate can be defined.

Committed Information Rate

The rate at which a frame relay network agrees to transfer information in normal conditions. Namely, it is the rate, measured in bit/s, at which the token is transferred to the leaky bucket.

Common and Internal Common and Internal Spanning Tree. The single Spanning Tree calculated by STP and Spanning Tree RSTP together with the logical continuation of that connectivity through MST Bridges and regions, calculatedby MSTP to ensure that all LANs in the Bridged Local Area Network are simply and fully connected. compact flash

Compact flash (CF) was originally developed as a type of data storage device used in portable electronic devices. For storage, CompactFlash typically uses flash memory in a standardized enclosure.

Concatenation

A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can be used a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence.

connecting plate for combining cabinets

A plate that connects two adjacent cabinet together at the cabinet top for fixing.

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Connectivity Check

Ethernet CFM can detect the connectivity between MEPs. The detection is achieved by each MEP transmitting a Continuity Check Message (CCM) periodically. This detection is called CC detection.

Constant Bit Rate

constant bit rate. A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transfers cells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that depend on precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.

Constraint Shortest Path First

An extension of shortest path algorithms like OSPF and IS-IS. The path computed using CSPF is a shortest path fulfilling set of constrains. It simply means that it runs shortest path algorithm after pruning those links that violate a given set of constraints. A constraint could be minimum bandwidth required per link (also know as bandwidth guaranteed constraint), end-to-end delay, maximum number of link traversed etc. CSPF is widely used in MPLS Traffic Engineering. The routing using CSPF is known as Constraint Based Routing (CBR).

Constraint-based Routed-Label Distribution Protocol

An alternative to RSVP (Resource ReSerVation Protocol) in MPLS (MultiProtocol Label Switching) networks. RSVP, which works at the IP (Internet Protocol) level, uses IP or UDP datagrams to communicate between LSR (Label Switched Routing) peers. RSVP does not require the maintenance of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) sessions, although RSVP must assume responsibility for error control. CR-LDP is designed to facilitate the routing of LSPs (Label Switched Paths) through TCP sessions between LSR peers through the communication of label distribution messages during the session.

continuity check message

CCM is used to detect the link status.

corrugated tube

A pipe which is used for fiber routing.

CoS

See Class of Service

CPU

See Central Processing Unit

CR-LDP

See Constraint-based Routed-Label Distribution Protocol

CRC

See Cyclic Redundancy Check

cross polarization interference cancellation

A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to eliminate the cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP.

CSPF

See Constraint Shortest Path First

Customer Edge

A part of BGP/MPLS IP VPN model. It provides interfaces for direct connection to the Service Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or host.

CWDM

See Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Cyclic Redundancy Check

A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses a complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending device performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that it sends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation after transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmission was error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmission includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.

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D Data Circuit-terminal Equipment

Also Data Communications Equipment (DCE) and Data Carrier Equipment (DCE). The basic function of a DCE is to convert data from one interface, such as a digital signal, to another interface, such as an analog signal. One example of DCE is a modem.

Data Communication Network

A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the Data Communication Function (DCF).

Data Communications The data channel that uses the D1-D12 bytes in the overhead of an STM-N signal to Channel transmit information on operation, management, maintenance and provision (OAM&P) between NEs. The DCC channels that are composed of bytes D1-D3 is referred to as the 192 kbit/s DCC-R channel. The other DCC channel that are composed of bytes D4-D12 is referred to as the 576 kbit/s DCC-M channel. Datagram

A kind of PDU which is used in Connectionless Network Protocol, such as IP datagram, UDP datagram.

DC

See Direct Current

DC-C

See DC-Return Common (with Ground)

DC-I

See DC-Return Isolate (with Ground)

DC-Return Common (with Ground)

A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.

DC-Return Isolate (with Ground)

A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the PGND on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.

DCC

See Data Communications Channel

DCE

See Data Circuit-terminal Equipment

DCN

See Data Communication Network

DDF

See Digital Distribution Frame

DDN

See Digital Data Network

DE

See discard eligible

Detour LSP

The LSP that is used to re-route traffic around a failure in one-to-one backup.

diamond-shaped nut

A type of nut that is used to fasten the wiring frame to the cabinet.

Differentiated Services A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It consists of a series of functional units implemented at the network nodes, including a small group of perhop forwarding behaviors, packet classification functions, and traffic conditioning functions such as metering, marking, shaping and policing. Differentiated Services Differentiated Services CodePoint. A marker in the header of each IP packet using bits Code Point 0-6 in the DS field. Routers provide differentiated classes of services to various service streams/flows based on this marker. In other words, routers select corresponding PHB according to the DSCP value. DiffServ

See Differentiated Services

Digital Data Network

A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel (such as fiber channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel) and the cross multiplex technology.

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Digital Distribution Frame

A type of equipment used between the transmission equipment and the exchange with transmission rate of 2 to 155 Mbit/s to provide the functions such as cables connection, cable patching, and test of loops that transmitting digital signals.

digital modulation

A digital modulation controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency of the carrier based on the changes in the baseband digital signal. In this manner, the information can be transmitted by the carrier.

Direct Current

Electrical current whose direction of flow does not reverse. The current may stop or change amplitude, but it always flows in the same direction.

discard eligible

A bit in the frame relay header. It indicates the priority of a packet. If a node supports the FR QoS, the rate of the accessed FR packets is controlled. When the packet traffic exceeds the specified traffic, the DE value of the redundant packets is set to 1. In the case of network congestion, the packets with DE value as 1 are discarded at the node.

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol. The DVMRP protocol is an Internet gateway protocol mainly based on the RIP. The protocol implements a typical dense mode IP multicast solution. The DVMRP protocol uses IGMP to exchange routing datagrams with its neighbors.

DS boundary node

A DS node that connects one DS domain to a node either in another DS domain or in a domain that is not DS-capable.

DS domain

In the DifferServ mechanism, the DS domain is a domain consisting of a group of network nodes that share the same service provisioning policy and same PHB. It provides point-to-point QoS guarantees for services transmitted over this domain.

DS interior node

A DS node located at the center of a DS domain. It is a non-DS boundary node.

DS node

A DS-compliant node, which is subdivided into DS boundary node and ID interior node.

DSCP

See Differentiated Services Code Point

dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to radiate or receive simultaneously two independent radio waves orthogonally polarized. DVMRP

See Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

E E-AGGR

Ethernet-Aggregation

E-LAN

See Ethernet LAN

E-Tree

See Ethernet-Tree

EBS

See Excess Burst Size

ECC

See Embedded Control Channel

EF

See Expedited Forwarding

EFM

See Ethernet in the First mile

Electro Magnetic Interference

Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment.

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electromagnetic compatibility

Electromagnetic compatibility is the condition which prevails when telecommunications equipment is performing its individually designed function in a common electromagnetic environment without causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentional electromagnetic interference to or from other equipment in the same environment. [NTIA]

ElectroStatic Discharge The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two objects at different electrical potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field. Embedded Control Channel

An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a data communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer.

EMC

See electromagnetic compatibility

EMI

See Electro Magnetic Interference

Engineering label

A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.

EPLn

See Ethernet Private LAN

equalization

A method of avoiding selective fading of frequencies. Equalization can compensate for the changes of amplitude frequency caused by frequency selective fading.

ERPS

See ethernet ring protection switching

ES-IS

End System to Intermediate System

ESD

See ElectroStatic Discharge

ESD jack

Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf or cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.

ETH-CC

Ethernet Continuity Check

ETH-LB

Ethernet Loopback

ETH-LT

Ethernet Link Trace

Ethernet

A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/ s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining..

Ethernet in the First mile

Last mile access from the broadband device to the user community. The EFM takes the advantages of the SHDSL.bis technology and the Ethernet technology. The EFM provides both the traditional voice service and internet access service of high speed. In addition, it meets the users' requirements on high definition television system (HDTV) and Video On Demand (VOD).

Ethernet LAN

Ethernet LAN. A L2VPN service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different domains over the PSN network. For the user Ethernet, the entire PSN network serves as a Layer 2 switch.

Ethernet Private LAN

Both a LAN service and a private service. Transport bandwidth is never shared between different customers.

ethernet ring protection switching

protection switching mechanisms for ETH layer Ethernet ring topologies.

Ethernet Virtual Private LAN

A service that is both a LAN service and a virtual private service.

Ethernet-Tree

etherenet tree. An Ethernet service type that is based on a Point-to-multipoint Ethernet Virtual Connection.

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ETS

European Telecommunication Standards

ETSI

See European Telecommunications Standards Institute

ETSI 300mm cabinet

A cabinet which is 600mm in width and 300mm in depth, compliant with the standards of the ETSI.

European Telecommunications Standards Institute

A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.

EVPL

Ethernet Virtual Private Line

EVPLn

See Ethernet Virtual Private LAN

Excess Burst Size

excess burst size. In the single rate three color marker (srTCM) mode, the traffic control is realized by the token buckets C and E. Excess burst size is a parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket E, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size when the information is transferred at the committed information rate. This parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not less than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.

Exercise Switching

An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. The protection switching is not really performed.

Expedited Forwarding Expedited Forwarding (EF) is the highest order QoS in the Diff-Serv network. EF PHB is suitable for services that demand low packet loss ratio, short delay, and broad bandwidth. In all the cases, EF traffic can guarantee a transmission rate equal to or faster than the set rate. The DSCP value of EF PHB is "101110".

A.3 F-J F Failure

If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required function to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now been detected.

Fast Ethernet

A type of Ethernet with a maximum transmission rate of 100 Mbit/s. It complies with the IEEE 802.3u standard and extends the traditional media-sharing Ethernet standard.

fast link pulse

The likn pulse that is used to encode information during automatic negotiation.

FCS

Frame Check Sequence

FD

See frequency diversity

FDI

See Forward Defect Indication

FE

See Fast Ethernet

FEC

See Forward Error Correction

FFD

Fast Failure Detection

Fiber Connector

A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couple the optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. A connector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source (or a detector).

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fiber patch cord

A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and for connections between subracks or inside a subrack.

Field Programmable Gate Array

A type of semi-customized circuit used in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) field. It is developed on the basis of the programmable components, such as the PAL, GAL, and EPLD. It not only remedies the defects of customized circuits, but also overcomes the disadvantage of the original programmable components in terms of the limited number of gate arraies.

FIFO

See First in First out

File Transfer Protocol

A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files between two computers on the Internet. Both computers must support their respective FTP roles: one must be an FTP client and the other an FTP server.

First in First out

A stack management mechanism. The first saved data is first read and invoked.

FLP

See fast link pulse

Forced switch

This function forces the service to switch from the working channel to the protection channel, with the service not to be restored automatically. This switch occurs regardless of the state of the protection channels or boards, unless the protection channels or boards are satisfying a higher priority bridge request.

Forward Defect Indication

Forward defect indication (FDI) is generated and traced forward to the sink node of the LSP by the node that first detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of the defect and its location. Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected higher level client LSPs and (in turn) their client layers.

Forward Error Correction

A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload at the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during transmission are corrected at the receive end.

Forwarding plane

Also referred to as the data plane. The forwarding plane is connection-oriented, and can be used in Layer 2 networks such as an ATM network.

FPGA

See Field Programmable Gate Array

Fragment

Piece of a larger packet that has been broken down to smaller units.

Fragmentation

Process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium that can not support the original size of the packet.

frame

A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame length is represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle. A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words, a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements prespecified by the sending and receiving parties.

frequency diversity

A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certain frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.

FTP

See File Transfer Protocol

Full duplex

The system that can transmit information in both directions on a communication link.On the communication link, both parties can send and receive data at the same time.

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G gateway network element

A network element that is used for communication between the NE application layer and the NM application layer

GCP

See GMPLS control plan

GE

See Gigabit Ethernet

Generic traffic shaping A traffic control measure that initiatively adjusts the output speed of the traffic. This is to adapt the traffic to network resources that can be provided by the downstream router to avoid packet discarding and congestion. GFP

Generic Framing Procedure

Gigabit Ethernet

GE adopts the IEEE 802.3z. GE is compatible with 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s Ethernet.It runs at 1000Mbit/s. Gigabit Ethernet uses a private medium, and it does not support coaxial cables or other cables. It also supports the channels in the bandwidth mode. If Gigabit Ethernet is, however, deployed to be the private bandwidth system with a bridge (switch) or a router as the center, it gives full play to the performance and the bandwidth. In the network structure, Gigabit Ethernet uses full duplex links that are private, causing the length of the links to be sufficient for backbone applications in a building and campus.

Global Positioning System

A global navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to worldwide users .

GMPLS control plan

The OptiX GMPLS control plan (GCP) is the ASON software developed by Huawei. The OptiX GCP applies to the OptiX OSN product series. By using this software, the traditional network can evolve into the ASON network. The OptiX OSN product series support the ASON features.

GNE

See gateway network element

GPS

See Global Positioning System

GR

See Graceful Restart

Graceful Restart

In IETF, protocols related to Internet Protocol/Multiprotocol Label Switching (IP/ MPLS) such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Intermediate System-Intermediate System (IS-IS), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) are extended to ensure that the forwarding is not interrupted when the system is restarted. This reduces the flapping of the protocols at the control plane when the system performs the active/standby switchover. This series of standards is called Graceful Restart.

Graphical User Interface

A visual computer enviroment that represents programs, files, and options with graphical images, such as icons, menus, and dialog boxes, on the screen.

ground resistance

(electricity) Opposition of the earth to the flow of current through it; its value depends on the nature and moisture content of the soil, on the material, composition, and nature of connections to the earth, and on the electrolytic action present.

GTS

See Generic traffic shaping

GUI

See Graphical User Interface

guide rail

Components to guide, position, and support plug-in boards.

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H H-QoS

Hierarchical Quality of Service

HA

See High Availability

half-duplex

A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for communication in both directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). Typically, once a party begins receiving a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before replying.

HDB3

High Density Bipolar Code 3

HDLC

See High level Data Link Control procedure

High Availability

The ability of a system to continuously perform its functions during a long period, which may exceeds the suggested working time of the independent components. You can obtain the high availability (HA) by using the error tolerance method. Based on learning cases one by one, you must also clearly understand the limitations of the system that requires an HA ability and the degree to which the ability can reach.

High level Data Link Control procedure

A data link protocol from ISO for point-to-point communications over serial links. Derived from IBM's SDLC protocol, HDLC has been the basis for numerous protocols including X.25, ISDN, T1, SS7, GSM, CDPD, PPP and others. Various subsets of HDLC have been developed under the name of Link Access Procedure (LAP).

High Speed Downlink Packet Access

A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirement for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It enables the maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the WCDMA network topology.

Hold priority

The priority of the tunnel with respect to holding resources, ranging from 0 (indicates the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the resources occupied by the tunnel can be preempted by other tunnels.

Hop

A network connection between two distant nodes. For Internet operation a hop represents a small step on the route from one main computer to another.

hot standby

A mechanism of ensuring device running security. The environment variables and storage information of each running device are synchronized to the standby device. When the faults occur on the running device, the standby device can take over the services in the faulty device in automatic or manual way to ensure the normal running of the entire system.

HP

Higher Order Path

HSDPA

See High Speed Downlink Packet Access

HSM

Hitless Switch Mode

HTB

High Tributary Bus

hybrid radio

The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals. Hybrid radio supports the AM function.

I ICMP

See Internet Control Messages Protocol

IDU

See indoor unit

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A Glossary

IEC

See International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE

See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF

The Internet Engineering Task Force

IF

See intermediate frequency

IGMP

See Internet Group Management Protocol

IGMP snooping

A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This protocol manages and controls the multicast group by listening to and analyze the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) packet between hosts and layer 3 devices. In this manner, the spread of the multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.

IMA

See Inverse Multiplexing over ATM

indoor unit

The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing, multiplexing/demultiplexing, and IF processing for services.

Inloop

A method of looping the signals from the cross-connect unit back to the cross-connect unit.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

A society of engineering and electronics professionals based in the United States but boasting membership from numerous other countries. The IEEE focuses on electrical, electronics, computer engineering, and science-related matters.

Interface board area

The area for the interface boards on the subrack.

intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RF signal. Intermediate System

The basic unit in the IS-IS protocol used to transmit routing information and generate routes.

Intermediate System to A protocol used by network devices (routers) .IS-IS is a kind of Interior Gateway Protocol Intermediate System (IGP), used within the ASs. It is a link status protocol using Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm to calculate the route. Internal Spanning Tree Internal spanning tree. A segment of CIST in a certain MST region. An IST is a special MSTI whose ID is 0. International Electrotechnical Commission

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international and nongovernmental standards organization dealing with electrical and electronical standards.

International Organization for Standardization

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer and publisher of International Standards.

Internet Control Messages Protocol

ICMP belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is used to send error and control messages during the transmission of IP-type data packets.

Internet Group Management Protocol

The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups among the TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish and maintain multicast group memberships.

Internet Protocol

The TCP/IP standard protocol that defines the IP packet as the unit of information sent across an internet and provides the basis for connectionless, best-effort packet delivery service. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part. The entire protocol suite is often referred to as TCP/IP because TCP and IP are the two fundamental protocols. IP is standardized in RFC 791.

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A Glossary

Internet Protocol Version 6

A update version of IPv4. It is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). The specifications and standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is also called. It is a new version of the Internet Protocol, designed as the successor to IPv4. The specifications and standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits while an IPv6 address has 128 bits.

Inverse Multiplexing over ATM

Inverse Multiplexing over ATM. The ATM inverse multiplexing technique involves inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among links grouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum of the link rates. This is referred to as an IMA group.

IP

See Internet Protocol

IPv6

See Internet Protocol Version 6

IS-IS

See Intermediate System to Intermediate System

ISO

See International Organization for Standardization

IST

See Internal Spanning Tree

ITU-T

International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector

IVL

Independence VLAN learning

J Jitter

Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control system instability.

A.4 K-O L L2VPN

See Layer 2 virtual private network

Label Switched Path

A sequence of hops (R0...Rn) in which a packet travels from R0 to Rn through label switching mechanisms. A label-switched path can be chosen dynamically, based on normal routing mechanisms, or through configuration.

Label Switching Router The Label Switching Router (LSR) is the basic element of MPLS network. All LSRs support the MPLS protocol. The LSR is composed of two parts: control unit and forwarding unit. The former is responsible for allocating the label, selecting the route, creating the label forwarding table, creating and removing the label switch path; the latter forwards the labels according to groups received in the label forwarding table. LACP

See Link Aggregation Control Protocol

LAG

See link aggregation group

LAN

See Local Area Network

LAPD

Link Access Procedure on the D channel

LAPS

Link Access Procedure-SDH

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A Glossary

Laser

A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laser light has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductor laser as the light source.

layer 2 switch

A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmits and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is the second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.

Layer 2 virtual private A virtual private network realized in the packet switched (IP/MPLS) network by Layer network 2 switching technologies. LB

See Loopback

LCAS

See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

LDPC

Low-Density Parity Check code

line rate forwarding

The line rate equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.

Link Aggregation Control Protocol

Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of an IEEE specification (802.3ad) that allows you to bundle several physical ports to form a single logical channel. LACP allows a switch to negotiate an automatic bundle by sending LACP packets to the peer.

link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link aggregation group so that a MAC clientcan treat the link aggregation group as if it were a single link. Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme

The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is designed to allow the dynamic provisioning of bandwidth, using VCAT, to meet customer requirements.

Link Protection

Protection provided by the bypass tunnel for the link on the working tunnel. The link is a downstream link adjacent to the PLR. When the PLR fails to provide node protection, the link protection should be provided.

LMSP

Linear Multiplex Section Protection

Local Area Network

A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few square kilometers or within a single building. It features high speed and low error rate. Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring are three technologies used to implement a LAN. Current LANs are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and running at 1,000 Mbit/ s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).

Locked switching

When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from being switched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has been switched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to the working channel.

LOF

See Loss Of Frame

LOM

Loss Of Multiframe

Loopback

A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the signal or message can be analyzed for errors.

LOP

See Loss Of Pointer

LOS

See Loss Of Signal

Loss Of Frame

A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.

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Loss Of Pointer

Loss of Pointer: A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to the start of cell in the payload. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.

Loss Of Signal

Loss of signal (LOS) indicates that there are no transitions occurring in the received signal.

Lower subrack

The subrack close to the bottom of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.

LP

Lower Order Path

LPT

Link State Path Through

LSP

See Label Switched Path

LSR

See Label Switching Router

M MA

See Maintenance Association

MAC

See Medium Access Control

MAC

See Media Access Control

MADM

Multi Add-Drop Multiplexer

Maintenance Association

That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, the connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of Maintenance Entities.

Maintenance association End Point

A MEP is an actively managed CFM Entity, associated with a specific DSAP of a Service Instance, which can generate and receive CFM frames and track any responses. It is an end point of a single Maintenance Association, and terminates a separate Maintenance Entity for each of the other MEPs in the same Maintenance Association.

Maintenance Domain

The Maintenance Domain (MD) refers to the network or the part of the network for which connectivity is managed by CFM. The devices in an MD are managed by a single ISP.

Maintenance Point

Maintenance Point (MP) is one of either a MEP or a MIP.

Management Information Base

A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such as routers and switches) in a network.

Manual switching

A protection switching. When the protection path is normal and there is no request of a higher level switching, the service is manually switched from the working path to the protection path, to test whether the network still has the protection capability.

Maximum Transfer Unit

The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is the size of the largest datagram that can be sent over a network.

MBS

Maximum Burst Size

MCF

See Message Communication Function

MD

See Maintenance Domain

MDI

See Medium Dependent Interface

Mean Time To Repair

The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.

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A Glossary

Media Access Control

A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of the data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and connecting the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC protocol checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted, certain control information is added to the data, and then the data and the control information are transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving data, the MAC protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the data is transmitted correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the control information is removed from the data and then the data is transmitted to the LLC layer.

Medium Access Control

A general reference to the low-level hardware protocols used to access a particular network. The term MAC address is often used as a synonym for physical addresses.

Medium Dependent Interface

The electrical and mechanical interface between the equipment and the media transmission.

MEP

See Maintenance association End Point

Message Communication Function

The MCF is composed of a protocol stack that allows exchange of management information with their prs .

MIB

See Management Information Base

MIP

Maintenance Intermediate Point

MLPPP

See Multi-link Point to Point Protocol

mount angle

An L-shape steel sheet. One side is fixed on the front panel with screws, and the other side is fixed on the installation hole with screws. On both sides of a rack, there is an Lshaped metal fastener. This ensures that internal components are closely connected with the rack. Normally, an internal component is installed with two mount angles.

MP

See Maintenance Point

MPID

Maintenance Point Identification

MPLS

See Multi-Protocol Label Switch

MPLS L2VPN

The MPLS L2VPN provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on an MPLS network.In this case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrier is able to provide Layer 2 VPNs of different media types, such as ATM, FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP.

MPLS OAM

The MPLS OAM provides continuity check for a single LSP, and provides a set of fault detection tools and fault correct mechanisms for MPLS networks. The MPLS OAM and relevant protection switching components implement the detection function for the CRLSP forwarding plane, and perform the protection switching in 50 ms after a fault occurs. In this way, the impact of a fault can be lowered to the minimum.

MPLS TE

Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering

MPLS TE tunnel

In the case of reroute deployment, or when traffic needs to be transported through multiple trails, multiple LSP tunnels might be used. In traffic engineering, such a group of LSP tunnels are referred to as TE tunnels. An LSP tunnel of this kind has two identifiers. One is the Tunnel ID carried by the SENDER object, and is used to uniquely define the TE tunnel. The other is the LSP ID carried by the SENDER_TEMPLATE or FILTER_SPEC object.

MS

See Multiplex Section

MSP

See multiplex section protection

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MSTI

See Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

MSTP

See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

MTBF

Mean Time Between Failure

MTTR

See Mean Time To Repair

MTU

See Maximum Transfer Unit

Multi-link Point to Point Protocol

A protocol used in ISDN connections. MLPPP lets two B channels act as a single line, doubling connection rates to 128Kbps.

Multi-Protocol Label Switch

A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of IP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of networks, and is beneficial to routing.

Multicast

A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. The destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast group rather than a host.

Multiple Spanning Tree Instance

Multiple spanning tree instance. One of a number of Spanning Trees calculated by MSTP within an MST Region, to provide a simply and fully connected active topology for frames classified as belonging to a VLAN that is mapped to the MSTI by the MST Configuration. A VLAN cannot be assigned to multiple MSTIs.

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

Multiple spanning tree protocol. The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using an algorithm, the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided in the loop network.The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and multiple spanning trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded in a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.

Multiple Spanning Tree Region

The MST region consists of switches that support the MSTP in the LAN and links among them. Switches physically and directly connected and configured with the same MST region attributes belong to the same MST region. The attributes for the same MST region are as follows: Same region name Same revision level Same mapping relation between the VLAN ID to MSTI

Multiplex Section

The trail between and including two multiplex section trail termination functions.

multiplex section protection

A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a "protection" channel.

N N+1 protection

A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection channel.

NE

See Network Element

NE Explorer

The main operation interface, of the U2000, which is used to manage the OptiX equipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can configure, manage and maintain the NE, boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.

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Network Element

A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. One NE is at least equipped with one system control board which manages and monitors the entire network element. The NE software runs on the system control board.

network management system

The network management system in charge of the operation, administration, and maintenance of a network.

Network Service Access A network address defined by ISO, through which entities on the network layer can Point access OSI network services. Network to Network Interface

This is an internal interface within a network linking two or more elements.

next hop

The next router to which a packet is sent from any given router as it traverses a network on its journey to its final destination.

NLP

Normal Link Pulse

NMS

See network management system

NNHOP

Next-Next-Hop

NNI

See Network to Network Interface

Node

A node stands for a managed device in the network.For a device with a single frame, one node stands for one device.For a device with multiple frames, one node stands for one frame of the device.Therefore, a node does not always mean a device.

Node Protection

A parameter of the FRR protection. It indicates that the bypass tunnel should be able to protect the downstream node that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the PLR. The node cannot be a merge point, and the bypass tunnel should also be able to protect the downstream link that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the PLR.

non-gateway network element

A network element whose communication with the NM application layer must be transferred by the gateway network element application layer.

non-GNE

See non-gateway network element

NSAP

See Network Service Access Point

NSF

Not Stop Forwarding

NSMI

Network Serial Multiplexed Interface

O OAM

See Operation, Administration and Maintenanc

ODF

See Optical Distribution Frame

ODU

See outdoor unit

One-to-One Backup

A local repair method in which a backup tunnel is separately created for each protected tunnel at a PLR.

Open Shortest Path First

A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing. Dijkstra's algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path tree. It uses cost as its routing metric. A link state database is constructed of the network topology which is identical on all routers in the area.

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Open Systems Interconnection

A standard or "reference model" (officially defined by the International Organization of Standards (ISO)) for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in a telecommunication network. The reference model defines seven layers of functions that take place at each end of a communication.

Operation, Administration and Maintenanc

Operation, Administration and Maintenance. A group of network support functions that monitor and sustain segment operation, activities that are concerned with, but not limited to, failure detection, notification, location, and repairs that are intended to eliminate faults and keep a segment in an operational state and support activities required to provide the services of a subscriber access network to users/subscribers.

Optical Distribution Frame

A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.

orderwire

A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or maintenance engineers of different stations.

OSI

See Open Systems Interconnection

OSP

OptiX Software Platform

OSPF

See Open Shortest Path First

outdoor unit

The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequency conversion and amplification for RF signals.

Outloop

A method of looping back the input signals received at an port to an output port without changing the structure of the signals.

Output optical power

The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.

A.5 P-T P Packet over SDH/ SONET

A MAN and WAN technology that provides point-to-point data connections. The POS interface uses SDH/SONET as the physical layer protocol, and supports the transport of packet data (such as IP packets) in MAN and WAN.

packet switched network

A telecommunication network which works in packet switching mode.

Packing case

A case which is used for packing the board or subrack.

Path/Channel

A logical connection between the point at which a standard frame format for the signal at the given rate is assembled, and the point at which the standard frame format for the signal is disassembled.

PBS

See peak burst size

PCB

See Printed Circuit Board

PCI bus

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus. A high performance bus, 32-bit or 64-bit for interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystems.

PDH

See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDU

Protocol Data Unit

PE

See Provider Edge

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peak burst size

A Glossary

A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket P, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size when the information is transferred at the peak information rate. This parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not less than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.

Peak Information Rate Peak Information Rate . A traffic parameter, expressed in bit/s, whose value should be not less than the committed information rate. Penultimate Hop Popping

Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS enabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged packet is removed by a Label Switched Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an adjacent Label Edge Router (LER).

Per-Hop-Behavior

A forwarding behavior applied at a DS-compliant node. This behavior belongs to the behavior aggregate defined in the DiffServ domain.

PHB

See Per-Hop-Behavior

PHP

See Penultimate Hop Popping

PIM-DM

Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode

PIM-SM

See Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode

PIR

See Peak Information Rate

Plesiochronous Digital A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the minimum Hierarchy rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates. Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol on the data link layer, provides point-to-point transmission and encapsulates data packets on the network layer. It is located in layer 2 of the IP protocol stack. polarization

A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if the tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.

POS

See Packet over SDH/SONET

Power box

A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which supplies power for the subracks in the cabinet.

PPP

See Point-to-Point Protocol

PPVPN

Provider Provisioned VPN

PQ

See Priority Queuing

PRBS

Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence

PRC

Primary Reference Clock

Printed Circuit Board

A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate.

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Priority Queuing

A priority queue is an abstract data type in computer programming that supports the following three operations: 1) InsertWithPriority: add an element to the queue with an associated priority 2) GetNext: remove the element from the queue that has the highest priority, and return it (also known as "PopElement(Off)", or "GetMinimum") 3) PeekAtNext (optional): look at the element with highest priority without removing it

Processing board area

An area for the processing boards on the subrack.

protection grounding cable

A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, one half of the cable is yellow; while the other half is green.

Protection path

A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.

Protocol Independent A protocol for efficiently routing to multicast groups that may span wide-area (and interMulticast-Sparse Mode domain) internets. This protocol is named protocol independent because it is not dependent on any particular unicast routing protocol for topology discovery, and sparsemode because it is suitable for groups where a very low percentage of the nodes (and their routers) will subscribe to the multicast session. Unlike earlier dense-mode multicast routing protocols such as DVMRP and PIM-DM which flooded packets everywhere and then pruned off branches where there were no receivers, PIM-SM explicitly constructs a tree from each sender to the receivers in the multicast group. Multicast packets from the sender then follow this tree. Provider Edge

A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is responsible for VPN user management, establishment of LSPs between PEs, and exchange of routing information between sites of the same VPN. During the process, a PE performs the mapping and forwarding of packets between the private network and the public channel. A PE can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.

Pseudo wire

An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is established and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information of a PW is maintained by the two end PEs of a PW.

Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-toEdge

Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3) is a type of end-to-end Layer 2 transmitting technology. It emulates the essential attributes of a telecommunication service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a Packet Switched Network (PSN). PWE3 also emulates the essential attributes of low speed Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) circuit and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the real situation.

PSN

See packet switched network

PTN

Packet Transport Network

PW

See Pseudo wire

PWE3

See Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge

Q QoS

See Quality of Service

QPSK

See Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

Quadrature Phase Shift Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a modulation method of data transmission Keying through the conversion or modulation and the phase determination of the reference signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses four dots in the star diagram. The four dots are evenly distributed on a circle. On these phases, each QPSK character can perform two-bit coding and display the codes in Gray code on graph with the minimum BER. A-24

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Quality of Service

A Glossary

Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoS is influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability, service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.

R Radio Freqency

A type of electric current in the wireless network using AC antennas to create an electromagnetic field. It is the abbreviation of high-frequency AC electromagnetic wave. The AC with the frequency lower than 1 kHz is called low-frequency current. The AC with frequency higher than 10 kHz is called high-frequency current. RF can be classified into such high-frequency current.

Radio Network Controller

A device used in the RNS to control the usage and integrity of radio resources.

Random Early Detection

A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet according to the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP synchronization resulted in traditional Tail-Drop can be prevented.

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning tree convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with the STP protocol.

RDI

See Remote Defect Indication

Received Signal Strength Indicator

The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna

Receiver Sensitivity

Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average received power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER.

RED

See Random Early Detection

REI

See Remote Error Indication

Remote Defect Indication

A signal transmitted at the first opportunity in the outgoing direction when a terminal detects specific defects in the incoming signal.

Remote Error Indication

A remote error indication (REI) is sent upstream to signal an error condition. There are two types of REI alarms: Remote error indication line (REI-L) is sent to the upstream LTE when errors are detected in the B2 byte. Remote error indication path (REI-P) is sent to the upstream PTE when errors are detected in the B3 byte.

remote network monitoring

A manage information base (MIB) defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). RMON is mainly used to monitor the data flow of one network segment or the entire network.

Resource Reservation Protocol

The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is designed for Integrated Service and is used to reserve resources on every node along a path. RSVP operates on the transport layer; however, RSVP does not transport application data. RSVP is a network control protocol like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).

Reverse pressure

A traffic control method. In telecommunication, when detecting that the transmit end transmits a large volume of traffic, the receive end sends signals to ask the transmit end to slow down the transmission rate.

RF

See Radio Freqency

RFC

Request For Comment

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RIP

See Routing Information Protocol

RMON

See remote network monitoring

RNC

See Radio Network Controller

Root alarm

An alarm directly caused by anomaly events or faults in the network. Some lower-level alarms always accompany a root alarm.

route

A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/ IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.

Routing Information Protocol

Routing Information Protocol: A simple routing protocol that is part of the TCP/IP protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop count between source and destination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routinely broadcasts routing information to its neighboring routers and is known to waste bandwidth.

routing table

A table that stores and updates the locations (addresses) of network devices. Routers regularly share routing table information to be up to date. A router relies on the destination address and on the information in the table that gives the possible routes--in hops or in number of jumps--between itself, intervening routers, and the destination. Routing tables are updated frequently as new information is available.

RS

Reed-Solomon encoding

RSL

Received Signal Level

RSSI

See Received Signal Strength Indicator

RSTP

See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

RSVP

See Resource Reservation Protocol

RTN

Radio Transmission Node

S SD

See space diversity

SDH

See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDP

Serious Disturbance Period

SEMF

Synchronous Equipment Management Function

Service Level Agreement

A management-documented agreement that defines the relationship between service provider and its customer. It also provides specific, quantifiable information about measuring and evaluating the delivery of services. The SLA details the specific operating and support requirements for each service provided. It protects the service provider and customer and allows the service provider to provide evidence that it has achieved the documented target measure.

SES

Severely Errored Second

Setup Priority

The priority of the tunnel with respect to obtaining resources, ranging from 0 (indicates the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the tunnel can preempt the resources required by other backup tunnels.

SF

See Signal Fail

SFP

See Small Form-Factor Pluggable

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A Glossary

side trough

The trough on the side of the cable rack, which is used to place nuts so as to fix the cabinet.

signal cable

Common signal cables cover the E1cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signal cable.

Signal Fail

SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect condition (not being the degraded defect) is active.

Signal Noise Ratio

The SNR or S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the amplitude of the desired signal to the amplitude of noise signals at a given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the logarithm of the power ratio and is usually expressed in dB (Decibel).

Simple Network Management Protocol

A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the transmission of management information between any two points. The polling mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on the network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Control information about each device is maintained by a management information block.

simplex

Of or relating to a telecommunications system in which only one message can be sent in either direction at one time.

SLA

See Service Level Agreement

Slicing

To divide data into the information units proper for transmission.

Small Form-Factor Pluggable

A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.

SNC

See SubNetwork Connection

SNCP

See SubNetwork Connection Protection

SNMP

See Simple Network Management Protocol

SNR

See Signal Noise Ratio

SP

Strict Priority

space diversity

A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distance to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.

Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop. STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths through certain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network. SSM

See Synchronization Status Message

Static Virtual Circuit

Static virtual circuit. A static implementation of MPLS L2VPN that transfers L2VPN information by manual configuration of VC labels, instead of by a signaling protocol.

Statistical multiplexing A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical channels can be transmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only to active input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devices to be connected than with other multiplexing techniques. Compare with TDM. STM

See synchronous transport module

STM-1

SDH Transport Module -1

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STM-1e

STM-1 Electrical Interface

STM-1o

STM-1 Optical Interface

STP

See Spanning Tree Protocol

sub-network

Sub-network is the logical entity in the transmission network and comprises a group of network management objects. The network that consists of a group of interconnected or correlated NEs, according to different functions. For example, protection subnet, clock subnet and so on. A sub-network can contain NEs and other sub-networks. Generally, a sub-network is used to contain the equipments which are located in adjacent regions and closely related with one another, and it is indicated with a sub-network icon on a topological view. The U2000 supports multilevels of sub-networks. A sub-network planning can better the organization of a network view. On the one hand, the view space can be saved, on the other hand, it helps the network management personnel focus on the equipments under their management.

subnet mask

The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets are destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine, server or router and is matched with the IP address.

SubNetwork Connection

A "transport entity" that transfers information across a subnetwork, it is formed by the association of "ports" on the boundary of the subnetwork.

SubNetwork A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if Connection Protection the working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a required level. SVC

See Static Virtual Circuit

SVL

Shared VLAN Learning

Switch

To filter, forward frames based on label or the destination address of each frame. This behavior operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.

Synchronization Status A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signals on the synchronous Message timing link. Through this message, the node clocks of the SDH network and the synchronization network can aquire upper stream clock information, and the two perform operations on the corresponding clocks, such as tracing, switchover, or converting hold), and then forward the synchronization information of this node to down stream. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SDH is a transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It defines the transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode, transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and BISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is only used only for signals. SDH is suitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity since it uses synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.

synchronous transport An STM is the information structure used to support section layer connections in the SDH. It consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields module organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 . The information is suitably conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed STM-1. Higher capacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic rate. STM capacities for N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are under consideration.

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T tail drop

A type of QoS. When a queue within a network router reaches its maximum length, packet drops can occur. When a packet drop occurs, connection-based protocols such as TCP slow down their transmission rates in an attempt to let queued packets be serviced, thereby letting the queue empty. This is also known as tail drop because packets are dropped from the input end (tail) of the queue.

Tail drop

A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded when the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.

TCI

Tag Control Information

TCP

See TransmissionControl Protocol

TDM

See Time Division Multiplexing

TE

See traffic engineering

TEDB

See Traffic Engineering DataBase

Telecommunication The Telecommunications Management Network is a protocol model defined by ITU-T Management Network for managing open systems in a communications network.An architecture for management, including planning, provisioning, installation, maintenance, operation and administration of telecommunications equipment, networks and services. TIM

Trace Identifier Mismatch

Time Division Multiplexing

It is a multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a channel into time slots (TSn, n=0, 1, 2, 3......), and the sampling value codes of multiple signals engross time slots in a certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to be transmitted over one channel.

Time To Live

A technique used in best-effort delivery systems to prevent packets that loop endlessly. The TTL is set by the sender to the maximum time the packet is allowed to be in the network. Each router in the network decrements the TTL field when the packet arrives, and discards any packet if the TTL counter reaches zero.

TMN

See Telecommunication Management Network

ToS priority

A ToS sub-field (the bits 0 to 2 in the ToS field) in the ToS field of the IP packet header.

TPS

See Tributary Protection Switch

traffic engineering

A task that effectively maps the service flows to the existing physical topology.

Traffic Engineering DataBase

TEDB is the abbreviation of the traffic engineering database. MPLS TE needs to know the features of the dynamic TE of every links by expanding the current IGP, which uses the link state algorithm, such as OSPF and IS-IS. The expanded OSPF and IS-IS contain some TE features, such as the link bandwidth and color. The maximum reserved bandwidth of the link and the unreserved bandwidth of every link with priority are rather important. Every router collects the information about TE of every links in its area and generates TE DataBase. TEDB is the base of forming the dynamic TE path in the MPLS TE network.

Traffic shaping

It is a way of controlling the network traffic from a computer to optimize or guarantee the performance and minimize the delay. It actively adjusts the output speed of traffic in the scenario that the traffic matches network resources provided by the lower layer devices, avoiding packet loss and congestion.

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trail

A type of transport entity, mainly engaged in transferring signals from the input of the trail source to the output of the trail sink, and monitoring the integrality of the transferred signals.

TransmissionControl Protocol

The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the breakup of data messages into packets to be sent via IP (Internet Protocol), and the reassembly and verification of the complete messages from packets received by IP. A connection-oriented, reliable protocol (reliable in the sense of ensuring error-free delivery), TCP corresponds to the transport layer in the ISO/OSI reference model.

Tributary Protection Switch

Tributary protection switching, a function provided by the equipment, is intended to protect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board.

trTCM

See Two Rate Three Color Marker

TTL

See Time To Live

TU

Tributary Unit

Tunnel

A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs. In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entities. The tunnel ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnel is an MPLS tunnel.

Two Rate Three Color The trTCM meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two rates, Peak Marker Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their associated burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it exceeds the PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether it exceeds or doesn't exceed the CIR.

A.6 U-Z U UAS

Unavailable Second

UBR

See Unspecified Bit Rate

UDP

See User Datagram Protocol

underfloor cabling

The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor.

UNI

See User Network Interface

Unicast

The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.

Unspecified Bit Rate

No commitment to transmission. No feedback to congestion. This type of service is ideal for the transmission of IP datagrams. In case of congestion, UBR cells are discarded, and no feedback or request for slowing down the data rate is delivered to the sender.

Upper subrack

The subrack close to the top of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.

UPS

Uninterruptible Power Supply

upward cabling

Cables or fibres connect the cabinet with other equipment from the top of the cabinet.

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User Datagram Protocol

A Glossary

A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send a datagram to an application program on another. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses IP to deliver datagrams. UDP provides application programs with the unreliable connectionless packet delivery service. Thus, UDP messages can be lost, duplicated, delayed, or delivered out of order.UDP is used to try to transmit the data packet, that is, the destination device does not actively confirm whether the correct data packet is received.

User Network Interface A type of ATM Forum specification that defines an interoperability standard for the interface between ATM-based products (a router or an ATM switch) located in a private network and the ATM switches located within the public carrier networks. Also used to describe similar connections in Frame Relay networks.

V V-NNI

See virtual network-network interface

V-UNI

See Virtual User-Network Interface

Variable Bit Rate

One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike a permanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidth and is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice calls.

VBR

See Variable Bit Rate

VC

See Virtual Channel

VC-12

Virtual Container -12

VC-3

Virtual Container -3

VC-4

Virtual Container -4

VCC

Virtual Channel Connection

VCC,VPL

See Virtual Chanel Connection

VCG

See virtual concatenation group

VCI

See Virtual Channel Identifier

Virtual Chanel Connection

Virtual Channel Connection. The VC logical trail that carries data between two end points in an ATM network. A logical grouping of multiple virtual channel connections into one virtual connection.

Virtual Channel

Any logical connection in the ATM network. A VC is the basic unit of switching in the ATM network uniquely identified by a virtual path identifier (VPI)/virtual channel identifier (VCI) value. It is the channel on which ATM cells are transmitted by the sw

Virtual Channel Identifier

virtual channel identifier. A 16-bit field in the header of an ATM cell. The VCI, together with the VPI, is used to identify the next destination of a cell as it passes through a series of ATM switches on its way to its destination.

virtual concatenation group

A group of co-located member trail termination functions that are connected to the same virtual concatenation link

Virtual Leased Line

A point-to-point, layer-2 channel that behaves like a leased line by transparently transporting different protocols with a guaranteed throughput.

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Virtual Local Area Network

A logical grouping of two or more nodes which are not necessarily on the same physical network segment but which share the same IP network number. This is often associated with switched Ethernet.

virtual networknetwork interface

A virtual network-network interface (V-NNI) is a network-side interface.

Virtual Path Identifier The field in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to which VP (Virtual Path) the cell belongs. Virtual Private LAN Service

A type of point-to-multipoint L2VPN service provided over the public network. VPLS enables geographically isolated user sites to communicate with each other through the MAN/WAN as if they are on the same LAN.

Virtual Private Network

The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, and authenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provide remote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet.

Virtual Private Wire Service

A technology that bears Layer 2 services. VPWS emulates services such as ATM, FR, Ethernet, low-speed TDM circuit, and SONET/SDH in a PSN.

Virtual Routing and Forwarding

A technology included in IP (Internet Protocol) network routers that allows multiple instances of a routing table to exist in a router and work simultaneously.

Virtual Switch Instance An instance through which the physical access links of VPLS can be mapped to the virtual links. Each VSI provides independent VPLS service. VSI has Ethernet bridge function and can terminate PW. Virtual User-Network Interface

virtual user-network interface. A virtual user-network interface, works as an action point to perform service claissification and traffic control in HQoS.

VLAN

See Virtual Local Area Network

VLL

See Virtual Leased Line

Voice over IP

An IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice information over the Internet. VoIP involves sending voice information in a digital form in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN).

VoIP

See Voice over IP

VPI

See Virtual Path Identifier

VPLS

See Virtual Private LAN Service

VPN

See Virtual Private Network

VPWS

See Virtual Private Wire Service

VRF

See Virtual Routing and Forwarding

VSI

See Virtual Switch Instance

W Wait to Restore Time

A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection can be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal traffic signal from.

WAN

See Wide Area Network

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Web LCT

A Glossary

The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located on the NE management layer of the transport network

Weighted Fair Queuing Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) is a fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth allocation weights. This scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of an interface to queues, according to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. In this manner, packets of all priority queues can be scheduled. Weighted Random Early Detection

A packet loss algorithm used for congestion avoidance. It can prevent the global TCP synchronization caused by traditional tail-drop. WRED is favorable for the high-priority packet when calculating the packet loss ratio.

WFQ

See Weighted Fair Queuing

Wide Area Network

A network composed of computers which are far away from each other which are physically connected through specific protocols. WAN covers a broad area, such as a province, a state or even a country.

Winding pipe

A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.

wire speed

Wire speed refers to the maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value of wire speed equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.

WMS

Wholesale Managed Services

WRED

See Weighted Random Early Detection

WRR

Weighted Round Robin

WTR

See Wait to Restore Time

X XPD

Cross-Polarization Discrimination

XPIC

See cross polarization interference cancellation

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