Rika Revisi Bab 1-3

 

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Amel KCOC 4 ICGS JCKNYGBC CKDCKG KGO. 983080888:

XYA@YCO Z^UNG XEKNGNGBCK @UYU ZEBAMCL NCZCY  ZEBAMCL ^GK@@G BE@UYUCK NCK GMOU XEKNGNGBCK ^COCK ZGZPC IGOC 9893

 

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Lcmcock Dunum

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C. Mctcr Iemcbck`

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L. Csuosg nck Beterictcsck Xek`eoick`ck

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Ici GG Mckncsck ^earg

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Ici GGG Oetanama`g Xekemgtgck

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C. Dekgs Xekemgtgck......................................... Xekemgtgck.............................................................................. .....................................

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I. Oan Oanem em Xek`eo Xek`eoick ick`ck `ck

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J. Xra Xrasenu senurr Xek`eo Xek`eoick ick`ck `ck

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G. Dekgs Nctc

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N. Gkstruoek Xek`uopumck Nctc........................................... Nctc........................................................ .............

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E. ^ebkgb ^ebkgb Ckcmgsgs Ckcmgsgs Nctc...... Nctc........... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ........... ............... ................... ............. ...

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66

 

ICI G XEKNCLUMUCK

C. Mctcr Mctcr Iemcb Iemcbck` ck` Ocscm Ocscmcl cl

Nukgc Nu kgc pekngn pekngngbc gbck k tgncb tgncb ncpct ncpct termep termepcs cs ncrg ncrg burgbu burgbumuo muo.. Burgbu Burgbumuo muo oerupc oer upcbck bck penaoc penaock k peoiem peoiemcdcr cdcrck ck uktub uktub oekjcp oekjcpcg cg tuduck tuduck pekngn pekngngbc gbck. k. Burg Bu rgbu bumu muo o cn cncmc cmcl l cmct cmct yc yck` k` ng`u ng`ukc kcbc bck k uk uktu tub b te terjc rjcpc pcgk gkyc yc suct suctu u tu tudu duck ck  pekngngbck sertc oekdcng penaock ng ncmco peoiemcdcrck ngseouc dekdck`  pekngngbck, (Tgkcm Crgfgk, 98334 5). Xeruiclck burgbumuo gtu terdcng ngbcrekcbck cnckyc perbeoick`ck nck peruiclck zcock, systeo kgmcg, bumtur, tebkama`g ocupuk beiutulck ocsycrcbct. Uktu Uk tub b oekj oekjcp cpcg cg sgste sgsteo o pe pekn kngn gngb gbck ck yc yck` k` ic icgb gb nc nck k ie ierb rbuc ucmg mgtcs tcs,, Gknakesgc semcmu ierperck cbtgf ncmco oekgk`bctbck bucmgtcs pekngngbckkyc ycgtu nek`ck oemcbubck peruiclck burgbumuo yck` ngbeoick`bck ncrg wcbtu be wcbt wcbtu u lgk` lgk``c `c scct scct gk gkgg yc ycgt gtu u pe peke kerc rcpc pck k bu burg rgbu bumu muo o 98 983: 3: (B3: (B3:)) ct ctcu cu  peoiemcdcrc teoctgb. Kcemc Bluskc, (9837) oek`ctcbck tuduck burgbumuo tgncb ncpct terjcpcg sejcrc ocbsgocm ng ncmco bemcs, yck` ockc burgbumuo 983: uktub dekdck` ZN/OG oekebckbck peoiemcdcrck teoctgb. Ocdgn ncmco (bcdg (bcdgck ckpu pustc stcbc bc.j .jao ao/9 /989 898) 8)

oek` oek`ctc ctcbc bck k

pe peoi oiem emcd cdcrc crck k

te teoc octg tgbc bc

nc ncmc mcl l

 peoiemcdcrck yck` oek``ciuk`bck ncrg ieric`cg ocjco octc pemcdcrck yck`  ierienc selgk``c oekdcng sctu baksep nek`ck lcrcpck sgswc cbck iemcdcr  ne nek` k`ck ck meig meigl l ic icgb gb.. Ncmc Ncmco o pe peoi oiem emcdc cdcrck rck teoctg teoctgb b

oeke oekebc bckb kbck ck pc pcnc nc

betermgictck sgswc sejcrc cbtgf ncmco prases peoiemcdcrck. Zelgk``c sgswc oeoperamel pek`cmcock nck pek`etcluck mck`suk` ncrg yck` ngpemcdcrgkyc.

 

Nek Ne k`ck `ck

ngi ngier ermc mcb buk ukyc yc

bur urgb gbum umu uo

983:

ng ngl lcr crcp cpbc bck k

oco ocopu

oekgk`bctbck bucmgtcs pekngngbck yck` cnc ng Gknakesgc. Oekgk`bct bucmgtcs  pekngngbck scmcl sctukyc s ctukyc oemcmug iclck cdcr. Ygck Crvgckc (98374 . Oekc Oekcoi oicl cl wcwc wcwcsc sck k sg sgsw swcc te tekt ktck ck` ` iu iunc ncyc yc ma mabc bcmm yc yck` k` cn cncc ng ncerclkyc. 5. Oekj Oekjgp gptc tcbc bck k rcsc rcsc ick` ick``c `c pc pcnc nc ng ngrg rg sgsw sgswcc cb cbck ck be becr crgf gfck ck ma mabc bcmm ncercl Igoc 6. Oeou Oeounc nclb lbck ck sg sgsw swcc nc ncmc mco o oeop oeopemc emcdc dcrg rg setgc setgcp p ba baop opet etek eksg sg yc yck` k` lcrus ngbucscg  i. Ic`g `uru 3. Oeoier Oeoiergbc gbck k wcwcsck wcwcsck icru tektck tektck` ` peoiem peoiemcdc cdcrck rck oek``uk oek``ukcbc cbck k  iclck cdcr iericsgs becrgfck mabcm yck` temcl ngbeoick`bck selgk``c ncpct oekgk`bctbck bucmgtcs oek`cdcrkyc. 9. Zeic`c Zeic`cgg iclck cdcr cdcr pekncop pekncopgk` gk` yck` yck` ncpct ng`ukc ng`ukcbck bck amel amel `uru ncmco ncm co oekyco oekycopcg pcgbck bck octerg octerg peoiem peoiemcdcr cdcrck ck bsusus bsususkyc kyc suiteo suiteocc beukgbck ncercl teopct tgk``cmbu. :. Zeic`cg Zeic`cg cjuck `uru uktub uktub oek`eoick oek`eoick`bck `bck iclck iclck cdcr cdcr teoctgb teoctgb c`cr  c`cr  meigl brectgf selgk``c peoiemcdcrck oekdcng meigl ierocbkc. >. Oeou Oeounc nclb lbck ck `u `uru ru nc ncmco mco oek` oek`eb ebsp spma marc rcsg sg octe octerg rg yc yck` k` oeog oeogmg mgbg bg beterb bet erbcgtc cgtck k nek`ck nek`ck teoc teoc mcgk mcgk nck remevck remevck nek`ck nek`ck gsg pemcdcr pemcdcrck ck ncmco iclck cdcr.

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j. Ic`g Zebamcl Lcsgm pekemgtgck gkg nglcrcpbck nglcrcpbck ncpct oekcoicl oekcoicl pek`etclu pek`etcluck ck ic`g `uru-` `ur u-`uru uru ng ZNK Gkpres Meu tektck` tektck` iubu iubu cdcr teoctgb teoctgb iericsgs iericsgs becrgfck becrgf ck mabcm yck` ngbeoick`b ngbeoick`bck ck sesucg nek`ck nek`ck mgk`buk` mgk`buk`cksgswc cksgswc selgk sel gk`` ``cc nc ncpc pctt oeoi oeoierg ergbc bck k ba bakt ktrg rgiu iusg sg yc yck` k` me meig igl l ic icgb gb nc ncmc mco o  pericgbck peoiemcdcrck ncmco rck`bc oekgk`bctbck outu sebamcl. sebamcl. n. Ic`g Ic`g Xek Xekemgt emgtgg Lcsg Lc sgmm pe peke kemg mgtg tgck ck gk gkgg nglc nglcrc rcpb pbck ck nc ncpc pctt oeoi oeoierg ergbc bck k suoi suoick ck`c `ck k gkfarocsg tektck` peo`eoick`ck iclck cdcr yck` iericsgs becrgfck mabcm ncercl Igoc. L. Csuosg Csuosg nck Beteric Beterictcsc tcsck k Xek`eoick Xek`eoick`ck `ck

Xekemgtgck pek`eoick`ck gkg oeogmgbg ieiercpc csuosg. Csuosg ncmco  pek`eoick`ck iclck cdcr teoctgb iericsgs becrgfck mabcm gkg cncmcl 4 3. Iubu Iubu cdcr gkg ncpct ncpct ng`ukcbc ng`ukcbck k uktub oeoick oeoicktu tu prases prases iemcdcr iemcdcr oek`cd oek`cdcr  cr  `uru nck sgswc. 9. Iubu Iubu cdcr teoctgb teoctgb iericsgs iericsgs becrgfc becrgfck k mabcm ncpct ncpct ng`ukcb ng`ukcbck ck seic`cg seic`cg iubu  pekncopk` ncmco oek`ekcmbck becrgfck mabcm ncercl Igoc uktub sgswc bemcs GV ZNK GK Gkpres Meu. :. Iubu Iubu cdcr cdcr teoc teoctg tgb b ie ieri ricsg csgss be becrg crgfc fck k ma mabc bcmm Igoc Igoc gk gkgg nc ncpc pctt oeoi oeoier ergb gbck ck  pek`cmcock iemcdcr yck` ierocbkc bcrekc octerg ngbcgtbck nek`ck jaktal yck` cnc ng mgk`buk`ck ruocl nck sebamcl sgswc ZNK Gkpres Meu. Beterictcsck ncmco pekemgtgck nck pek`eoick`ck iclck cdcr iericsgs becrgfck mabcm gkg ierupc4

33

 

3. Xeke Xekemg mgtg tgck ck yc yck` k` ngmc ngmcbs bsck ckcb cbck ck lc lcky kycc te teri rict ctcs cs pc pcnc nc suit suiteo eocc be beuk ukgb gbck ck ncercl teopct tgk``cmbu. 9. Oeoermubck Oeoermubck wcbtu wcbtu yck` yck` meigl meigl mcoc mcoc ncmco ncmco pekyusuk pekyusukck ck iclck iclck cdcr. :. Xekjetc Xekjetcbck bck iubu iubu yck` yck` oeocb oeocbck ck igcy igcyc. c.

39

 

ICI GG MCKNCZCK ^EAYG

C. Bcdg Bcdgck ck ^ea ^earg rg 3. Xeoi Xeoiem emcd cdcr crck ck ^eoc ^eoctg tgb  b 

c. Xek`er Xek`ertgc tgck k Xeoiem Xeoiemcdc cdcrck rck ^eoctg ^eoctgb  b  Xeoi Xeoiem emcd cdcr crck ck teoc teoctg tgb b cn cncm cmcl cl ie iekt ktub ub oane oanemm pe peoi oiem emcdc cdcrck rck terpcnu yck` oek``ciuk`bck suctu baksep ncmco ieiercpc octerg,  pemcdcrck ctcu ignck` stung oekdcng sctu teoc ctcu tapgb peoiclcsck tertektu tertek tu selgk``c selgk``c terdcng terdcng gkte`rcsg gkte`rcsg cktcrc pek`etcluc pek`etcluck, k, betercopgmck betercopgmck nck kgmcg yck` oeouk`bgkbck sgswc cbtgf oekeoubck baksep sertc  prgksgp begmouck sejcrc lamgstgb, ierocbkc nck atektgb. Xeoiemcdcrck teoc te octg tgb b

oeru oerupc pcbc bck k

peoi peoiem emcd cdcr crck ck

te terp rpcn cnu u

yc yck` k`

oeke oekebc bckb kbck ck

betermgictck sgswc ncmco peoiemcdcrck. Xeoiemcdcrck gkg oemgictbck  ieiercpc baopeteksg ncscr, lcsgm iemcdcr nck gkngbctar ncrg suctu octc  pemcdcrck, ctcu iclbck ieiercpc octc pemcdcrck. Oemcmug peoiemcdcrck teoctgb, sgswc nglcrcpbck ncpct iemcdcr nck ierocgk nek`ck brectgvgtcs yck` tgk``g. Zeici, ncmco peoiemcdcrck teoctgb, iemcdcr tgncb seoctcoctc oeknarak` sgswc uktub oek`etclug (mecrkgk` ( mecrkgk` ta bkaw), bkaw), tetcpg  iemcdcr du`c uktub oemcbubck (me mecr crkg kgk` k` ta na na), ), uk uktu tub b oekd oekdcn cngg (mecrkgk` ta ie), ie), nck uktub lgnup ierscoc (mecrkgk` ( mecrkgk` ta mgve ta`etler ). ). Gs Gstg tgmc mcl l pe peoi oiemc emcdcr dcrck ck teoc teoctgb tgb pc pcnc nc nc ncsc scrk rkyc yc cn cncm cmcl cl oane oanemm  peoiemcdcrck terpcnu yck` oek``ukcbck teoc uktub oek`cgtbck

3:

 

 ieiercpc octc pemcdcrck selgk``c ncpct oeoiergbck pek`cmcock  ierocbkc pcnc sgswc (Nepngbkcs ncmco ^rgckta, 9833). 9833). Ze Zeoe oekt ktcr crcc

gtu gtu

^r ^rgc gckt kta a

(9 (983 8334 34 35 359) 9) oeky oekyct ctcb cbck ck ic iclw lwcc

 peoiemcdcrck teoctgb oekcwcrbck oanem-oanem peoiemcdcrck yck` oekdcngbck cbtgvgtcs peoiemcdcrck gtu remevck nck pekul ocbkc ic`g sgswc sgs wc nek`ck nek`ck oeoier oeoierncy ncycbc cbck k pek`et pek`etclu cluck ck nck pek`cm pek`cmcoc cock k sgswc sgswc uktub ukt ub oeoick oeoicktu tu oeoclc oeoclcog og nukgc nukgc kyctck kyctckyc. yc. Xerame Xeramelck lck beutul beutulck ck  iemcdcr, pek`etcluck nck beiumctck pcknck`ck tektck` belgnupck nck nukgc kyctc lckyc ncpct ngrefmebsgbck oemcmug peoiemcdcrck terpcnu (Pgmmgck ncmco ^gckta, 9833). Ierncs Ier ncscrb crbck ck urcgck urcgck ng ctcs, ctcs, pekumg pekumgss oekygo oekygopum pumbck bck iclwc, iclwc,  peoiemcdcrck teoctgb oerupcbck suctu systeo peoiemcdcrck yck` ngmcbu ngm cbubck bck amel amel sgswc sgswc sejcrc sejcrc gkngvg gkngvgnu nu ocupuk ocupuk bemaop bemaopab ab c`cr c`cr cbtgf  cbtgf  ncmco

pemcbsc sck kcck

peoiemcdc dcrrck ck..

Xeoi eoiem emccdcrck

teoctgb 

oek` oe k`gk gkte te`r `rcs csgb gbck ck ie ieie iercp rcpcc octc octc pe pemc mcdc dcrck rck be nc ncmc mco o te teoc oc yc yck` k`  iertuduck c`cr peoiemcdcrck oekdcng ierocbkc sesucg perbeoick`ck sg sgsw swc. c. Xcn Xcnc

ncsc ncscrk rkyc yc octc octc pem emcd cdcr crck ck

yck ck` `

te ter` r`ci ciu uk` nc ncmc mco o

 peoiemcdcrck teoctgb ycbkg, XXBk, Iclcsc Gknakesgc, GXZ, GXC, nck ZInX Ngockc pemcbsckcck peoiemcdcrckkyc oekercpbck 5 lcm bepcnc sgswc ycgtu oek`coctg, oekckyc, oekcmcr, oek`baoukgbcsgbck, nck oekygopumbck.

3>

 

 i. Xrgksgp-Xrgksgp Xeoiemcdcrck ^eoctgb  Xrgksgp-prg Xrgksg p-prgksgp ksgp peoiemcdcrck peoiemcdcrck teoctgb teoctgb oekurut oekurut ^rgctka ^rgctka (9887) (9887) ncpct ngbmcsgfgbcsgbck seic`cg iergbut4 3) Xr Xrgk gksgp sgp pek pek`` ``cm cmgc gck k teoc. teoc. Xr Xrgk gksgp sgp pe pek` k``c `cmg mgck ck oeru oerupc pcbc bck k pr prgk gksgp sgp ut utco cocc (fabu (fabus) s) nc ncmc mco o  peoiemcdcrck teoctgb. Crtgkyc teoc-teoc scmgk` tuopck` tgkngl nck cnc beterb beterbcgtc cgtck k oekdcn oekdcngg tcr`et tcr`et utcoc utcoc ncmco ncmco peoiem peoiemcdcr cdcrck. ck. Nek`ck Nek `ck neogbg neogbgck ck ncmco ncmco pek``c pek``cmgc mgck k teoc teoc terseiu terseiutt lekncb lekncbmcl mcl oeoperlctgbck ieiercpc persycrctck 4 c) ^eoc ^eoc lekn lekncb cbky kycc tgnc tgncb b te term rmcm cmu u mu mucs cs,, kc kcou ouk k ounc ouncl l nc ncpc pctt ng`ukcbck uktub oeocnubck ickycb octcpemcdcrck.  i) ^eoc lcrus ierocbkc, ocbsunkyc gcmcl teoc yck` ngpgmgl uktub ukt ub ngbcdg ngbcdg lcrus lcrus oeoier oeoiergbc gbck k iebcm iebcm sgswc sgswc uktub uktub iemcdc iemcdcr  r  semckdutkyc. j) ^eoc eoc

lcru lcruss

ngse ngsesu sucg cgb bck

nek ek`c `ck k

tgk` tgk`bc bctt

per erb beoi eoick ck` `ck

 psgbama`gs ckcb. n) ^eoc ^eoc ngbe ngbeoi oick ck`b `bck ck lc lcru russ oewc oewcnc nclg lg seic` seic`gc gck k ie iescr scr ogkc ogkctt ckcb. e) ^eoc ^eoc yck` yck` ngpgmg ngpgmgl l lekncb lekncbkyc kyc oeopertg oeopertgoic oick`b k`bck ck pergstgwc pergstgwc- pergstgwc atektgb yck` terdcng ng ncmco rektck` wcbtu iemcdcr. f) ^eoc ^eoc yck` yck` ngpgmgl ngpgmgl lekncbk lekncbkyc yc oeopert oeopertgoi goick` ck`bck bck burgbu burgbumuo muo yck` iermcbu sertc lcrcpck ocsycrcbct (ctcs remevcksg).

35

 

`) ^eoc eoc

yck` yck` ngp ngpgmgl gmgl le lek knc ncb bky kycc

du du`c `c oeo oeopert pertgo goic ick k`b `bck ck

betersengcck suoier iemcdcr. 9) Xrgksg Xrgksgp p Xek`em Xek`emamc amcck ck Xeoiem Xeoiemcdcr cdcrck ck Xek`em Xek `emamc amcck ck peoiem peoiemcdcr cdcrck ck ncpct ncpct ap aptgo tgocm cm cpcigm cpcigmcc `uru `uru ocopu ocopu oekeop oek eopctb ctbck ck ngrgky ngrgkycc ncmco ncmco besemu besemurul rulck ck prases. prases. Crtgky Crtgkycc `uru `uru lcrus ocopu oekeopctbck ngrg seic`cg fcsgmgtctar nck oengctar  ncmco prases peoiemcdcrck. c) @uru

lekncbkyc

dck`ck

oekdcng

sgk`me

cjtar

yck`

oeknaogkcsg peoigjcrcck ncmco prases iemcdcr oek`cdcr2  i) Xeoiergck tck``uk` dcwci gkngvgnu nck bemaopab lcrus demcs ncmco setgcp tu`cs yck` oekuktut cnckyc berdcscoc bemaopab2 j) @uru @uru permu oek`cba oek`cbaoan oancsg csg terlcnc terlcncp p gne-gne gne-gne yck` yck` terbcnck` terbcnck` scoc sebcmg tgncb terpgbgrbck ncmco perekjckcck. :) Xr Xrgk gksg sgp p Evcm Evcmuc ucsg sg Evcmuc Evc mucsg sg pcnc pcnc ncscrky ncscrkycc oekdcn oekdcngg fabus fabus ncmco ncmco setgcp setgcp be`gct be`gctck. ck. Ncmco oemcbsckcbck peoiemcdcrck teoctgb, ngpermubck ieiercpc mck`bcl-mck`bcl pasgtgf, ycgtu 4 c) Oeoier Oeoiergg beseop beseopctc ctck k bepcnc bepcnc sgswc sgswc uktub uktub oemcbubc oemcbubck k evcmuc evcmucsg sg ngrg ngrg (semf (semf ev evcm cmuc uctg tgak ak/s /sem emff cs csses sesso soek ekt) t) ng scopg scopgk` k` ie iekt ktub  ub  evcmucsg mcgkkyc2  i) @uru permu oek`cdcb pcrc sgswc uktub oek`evcmucsg peramelck  iemcdcr yck` temcl ngjcpcg ierncscrbck jrgtergc beierlcsgmck  pekjcpcgck tuduck yck` cbck ngjcpcg.

36

 

>) Xr Xrgk gksg sgp p Yecb Yecbsg sg @uru lcrus ierecbsg terlcncp cbsg sgswc ncmco seouc pergstgwc sertc tgncb oek`crclbck cspeb yck` seopgt oemcgkbck be suctu besc besctu tuck ck

yck` yck` utul utul nck nck

ie iero rocb cbkc kc..

Xe Xeoi oiem emcd cdcr crck ck

te teoc octg tgb  b 

oeouk`bgkbck lcm gkug nck `uru lekncbkyc oekeoubck bgct-bgct uktub oeoukjumbck be peroubcck lcm-lcm yck` ngjcpcg. j. Bcrcbt Bcrcbterg ergstgb stgb Xeoiem Xeoiemcdcr cdcrck ck ^eoctg ^eoctgb  b  Oekurut Nepngbkcs (9886), seic`cg oanem peoiemcdcrck ng sebamcl sebam cl ncscr/ocnrcscl ncscr/ocnrcscl gitgncgycl, gitgncgycl, peoiemcdcrck peoiemcdcrck teoctgb teoctgb oeopukycg oeopukycg bcrcbtergstgb-bcrcbtergstgb cktcrc mcgk ierpusct pcnc sgswc, oeoiergbck  pek`cmcock mck`suk`, peogsclck octcpemcdcrck tgncb ie`gtu demcs, oekycd oek ycdgbc gbck k baksep baksep ncrg ncrg ieric` ieric`cg cg octcpe octcpemcdc mcdcrck rck,, iersgfc iersgfctt fmebsg fmebsgiem iem,, lcsgm lcs gm peoiem peoiemcdcr cdcrck ck sesucg sesucg nek`ck nek`ck ogkct ogkct nck beiutu beiutulck lck sgswc, sgswc, nck oek``ukcbck prgksgp iemcdcr scoigm ierocgk nck oekyekck`bck. 3) Ierp Ierpus usct ct pc pcnc nc sg sgsw swcc Xeoiemcdcrck teoctgb ierpusct pcnc sgswc (stunekt jekteren), lcm gkg sesucg nek`ck peknebctck iemcdcr oanerk yck` meigl ickycb  oekeopctbck sgswc seic`cg suideb iemcdcr, senck`bck `uru meigl  ickycb ierperck seic`cg fcsgmgtctar ycgtu oeoiergbck beounclckbeounclck bepcnc sgswc uktub oemcbubck cbtgvgtcs iemcdcr. 9) Oeoier Oeoiergbc gbck k pek`cm pek`cmcoc cock k mck`su mck`suk` k` Xeoiem Xeo iemcdc cdcrck rck teoctg teoctgb b ncpct ncpct oeoier oeoiergbc gbck k pek`cm pek`cmcoc cock k mck`su mck`suk` k` bepcnc sgswc (ngrejt expergekjes). Nek`ck pek`cmcock mck`suk`

30

 

gkg, sgswc nglcncpbck pcnc sesuctu yck` kyctc (bakbrgt) seic`cg ncscr uktub oeoclcog lcm-lcm yck` meigl cistrcb. :) Xeogscl Xeogsclck ck octcpe octcpemcdc mcdcrck rck tgncb tgncb ie`gtu ie`gtu demcs demcs Ncmc Nc mco o pe peoi oiem emcdc cdcrc rck k teoc teoctg tgb b pe peog ogscl sclck ck ck cktr trcc octc octcpe pemcd mcdcr crck ck oekdcng tgncb ie`gtu demcs. Fabus peoiemcdcrck ngcrclbck bepcnc  peoiclcsck teoc-teoc yck` pcmgk` nebct ierbcgtck nek`ck belgnupck sgswc. >) Oekycdgbck Oekycdgbck baksep baksep ncrg ieric`cg ieric`cg octcpemcdcrck octcpemcdcrck Xeoiemcdcrck Xeoie mcdcrck teoctgb oekycdgbck oekycdgbck baksep-ba baksep-baksep ksep ncrg ieric`cg ieric`cg octcpemcdcrck ncmco suctu prases peoiemcdcrck. Nek`ck neogbgck, sgswc sgs wc sgswc sgswc ocopu ocopu oeoclc oeoclcog og baksepbaksep-bak baksep sep terseiu terseiutt sejcrc sejcrc utul.

Lcm

gkg

ngpermubck

uktub

oeoicktu

sgswc

ncm cmcco

oeoejcl oeo ejclbck bck ocscmcl ocscmcl-ocs -ocscmc cmcl l yck` yck` nglcnc nglcncpg pg ncmco ncmco belgnu belgnupck pck selcrg-lcrg. 5) Iers Iersgf gfct ct fmebs fmebsgi giem em Xeoiemcdcrck teoctgb iersgfct muwes (fmebsgiem) ngockc `uru ncpct oek` oe k`cg cgtb tbck ck ic iclc lck k cdcr cdcr nc ncrg rg sctu sctu octc octc pe pemc mcdc dcrck rck ne nek` k`ck ck octc octc  pemcdcrck yck` mcgkkyc, iclbck oek`cgtbckkyc nek`ck belgnupck sgswc nck becncck mgk`buk`ck ngockc sebamcl nck sgswc iercnc. 6) Lcsgm peoiem peoiemcdcrck cdcrck sesucg sesucg nek`ck nek`ck ogkct nck nck beiutul beiutulck ck sgswc Zgswc Zgs wc ngierg ngierg beseop beseopctck ctck uktub uktub oek`ap oek`aptgo tgocmb cmbck ck pateksg pateksg yck` yck` ngogmgbg sesucg nek`ck ogkct nck beiutulckkyc.

3<

 

0) Oek``ukcb Oek``ukcbck ck prgksgp prgksgp iemcdcr iemcdcr scoigm scoigm ierocgk ierocgk nck oekyek oekyekck`bc ck`bck k Baksep iemcdcr scoigm ierocgk ncmco peoiemcdcrcck teoctgb ycgtu sg sgsw swcc ie iemc mcdc dcrr se sejcr jcrcc cb cbtg tgff nc nck k oeky oekyek ekck ck`b `bck ck ne nek` k`ck ck tgnc tgncb  b  oek``u oek ``ukcb kcbck ck oetane oetane peoiem peoiemcdcr cdcrck ck yck` yck` oakata oakatak, k, ocbc ocbc `uru `uru nglcrcpbck ncpct oekyengcbck suctu oetane peoiemcdcrck yck` brectgf nck gkavctgf. n. YcoiuYcoiu-Yco Ycoiu iu Xeoi Xeoiemcd emcdcrc crck k ^eoct ^eoctgb  gb  Ycoiu-rcoiu ncco peoiemcdcrck teoctgb ycgtu seic`cg iergbut4 3) ^gncb ^gncb seouc seouc octc octc pemcdcrc pemcdcrck k lcrus lcrus ngpcnub ngpcnubck ck 9) Ng Ngou ouk` k`bg bgkb kbck ck terd terdcn cngg pe pek` k``c `ciu iuk` k`ck ck ba baop opet etek eksg sg nc ncscr scr mgkt mgktcs cs seoester  :) Baopet Baopeteks eksgg ncscr ncscr yck` tgncb ncpct ncpct ngpcnu ngpcnubck bck,, dck`ck dck`ck ngpcbsc ngpcbscbck bck uktub ukt ub ngpcnu ngpcnubck bck.. Baopet Baopeteks eksgg ncscr ncscr yck` yck` tgncb tgncb nggkte nggkte`rc `rcsgb sgbck ck ngiemcdcrbck sejcrc tersekngrg. >) Baopet Baopeteks eksgg ncscr ncscr yck` tgncb tgncb terjcbup terjcbup pcnc pcnc teoc tertektu tertektu lcrus tetcp ngcdcrbck icgb oemcmug teoc mcgk ocupuk ngscdgbck sejcrc tersekngrg. 5) Be`gct Be`gctck ck peoiem peoiemcdcr cdcrck ck ngtebc ngtebckbc kbck k pcnc pcnc beocop beocopuck uck oeoicjc oeoicjc,, oekumgs, nck ierlgtuk` sertc pekckcock kgmcg-kgmcg oarcm 6) ^eoc-te ^eoc-teoc oc yck` yck` ngpgmg ngpgmgl l ngsesu ngsesucgb cgbck ck nek`ck nek`ck bcrcbt bcrcbtergs ergstgb tgb sgswc, mgk`buk`ck, nck ncercl seteopct.

37

 

e. Bemeig Bemeiglck lck nck nck Beteric Beterictcs tcsck ck Xeoiem Xeoiemcdcr cdcrck ck ^eoctg ^eoctgb  b  Oeku Oe kuru rutt

Yuso Yusock ck

(9 (983 8354 54

79 79))

ie ieie ierc rcpc pc be beme meig iglc lck k

pe pekn kneb ebct ctck ck

 peoiemcdcrck teoctgb, ngcktcrckyc4 3) Xek`cm Xek`cmcoc cock k nck be`gct be`gctck ck iemcdcr iemcdcr pesert pesertcc ngngb ngngb cbck semcmu semcmu remevc remevck k nek`ck tgk`bct perbeoick`ck ckcb. 9) Be`g Be`gct ctck ck yck yck` ngpgm gpgmgl gl ncpc ncpctt ngses gsesuc ucgb gbck ck nek ek` `ck ogk gkct ct nc nck k beiutulck pesertc ngngb. :) Ze Zemu muru rul l be`g be`gct ctck ck iemc iemcdc dcrr me meig igl l ie iero rocb cbkc kc ic ic`g `g pe pese sert rtcc ng ngng ngb  b  selgk``c lcsgm iemcdcr cbck ncpct iertclck meigl mcoc. >) Xe Xeoi oiem emcd cdcr crck ck

terp terpcn cnu u

oeku oekuoi oiul ulbe beoi oick ck`b `bck ck

be bete terc rcop opgm gmck ck

 ierpgbgr nck sajgcm ckcb. 5) Xeo Xeoiemc iemcdc dcrc rck k

terp terpcn cnu u

oek ekyc ycdg dgb bck

be be` `gc gctc tck k

yc yck` k`

ier ersg sgfc fctt

 prc`octgs. Nek`ck perocscmclck yck` sergk` ngteoug ncmco belgnupck/mgk`buk`ck belgnupck/mgk`buk `ck rggm pesertc pes ertc ngngb. 6) Dgbc peoiemc peoiemcdcrck dcrck terpcnu terpcnu ngrckjck ngrckjck` ` ierscoc ierscoc ncpct oekgk` oekgk`bctbc bctbck k berdc scoc cktcr `uru ignck` bcdgck terbcgt, `uru nek`ck pesertc ngngb, pesertc ngngb nek`ck pesertc ngngb, pesertc ngngb/`uru nek`ck kcrcsuoier selgk``c iemcdcr meigl oekyekck`bck, iemcdcr ncmco sgtucsg kyctc, nck ncmco baktebs baktebs yck` meigl ierocbkc. Ngscopgk` Ngsco pgk` bemeiglck, bemeiglck, peknebctck peknebctck peoiemcdcrck peoiemcdcrck teoctgb teoctgb du`c oeogmgbg oeogm gbg bemeoclck bemeoclck terutcoc terutcoc ncmco lcm pemcbsckcckk pemcbsckcckkyc. yc. ^go Xusbur  Xusbur  (ncmco (nc mcocc

Yusock Yusock,,

9835) 9835) oek`gn oek`gnektg ektgfgb fgbcsg csg ieierc ieiercpc pc

 peoiemcdcrck teoctgb, ngcktcrckyc4

98

bemeoc bemeoclck lck

 

3) Cspeb `uru, `uru, `uru `uru lcrus lcrus ierwcwcsck ierwcwcsck mucs, mucs, oeogmbg oeogmbg gkte`rgtcs gkte`rgtcs tgk``g, tgk``g, beterc bet ercopg opgmck mck oetana oetanama` ma`gs gs yck` yck` lckncm lckncm,, rcsc perjcy perjcycc ngrg ngrg yck` yck` tgk``g nck ierckg oek`eocs nck oek`eoick`bck octerg 9) Cspeb Cspeb pesertc pesertc ngngb, ngngb, peoiemcdc peoiemcdcrck rck teoctgb teoctgb oekukt oekuktut ut beocop beocopuck uck  iemcdcr pesertc ngngb yck` remctgve icgb, icgb ncmco beocopuck cbcneo cbc neogb gb ocupuk ocupuk brectg brectgfgt fgtcsky cskyc, c, bcrekc bcrekc oanem oanem peoiem peoiemcdc cdcrck rck teoc teoctg tgb b oeke oekebc bckb kbck ck pc pcnc nc be beoc ocop opuc uck k ck ckcm cmgt gtgs gs,, be beoc ocop opuc uck k csasgctgf, beocopuck ebspmarcsg nck emciarctgve. :) Cspe Cspeb b scrck scrckcc nc nck k suoi suoier er pe peoi oiem emcdc cdcrck rck,, pe peoi oiem emcdc cdcrc rck k te teoc octg tgb  b  oeoermu oeo ermubck bck iclck iclck icjcck icjcck ctcu ctcu suoier suoier gkfaro gkfarocsg csg yck` yck` jubup jubup  ickycb nck iervcrgcsg, ouk`bgk du`c du`c fcsgmgtcs gkterket >) Cspe Cspeb b burg burgbu bumu muo, o, burg burgbu bumu muo o lc lcru russ mu muwe wes, s, ie iera rarg rgek ektc tcsg sg pc pcnc nc  pekjcpcgck betuktcsck peoclcock pesertc ngngb, iubck pcnc  pekjcpcgck tcr`et pekycopcgck octerg 5) Cspe Cspeb b

pekg pekgmc mcgc gck, k,

peoi peoiem emcd cdcr crck ck

te teoc octg tgb b

oeoi oeoiut utul ulbc bck k

jc jcrc rc

 pekgmcgck yck` oekyemurul. 6) Cspe Cspeb b su sucs csck ckcc pe peoi oiemc emcdcr dcrck ck,, pe peoi oiem emcdc cdcrck rck te terp rpcn cnu u jekne jekneru ruk` k` oek`utcocbck scmcl sctu ignck` bcdgck nck tek``emcokyc ignck` bcdgck mcgk, ter`cktuk` pcnc mctcr mc tcr iemcbck` pekngngbck `urukyc. 9. Lcbgbc Lcbgbctt Iclc Iclck k Cdcr Cdcr ^eoct ^eoctgb  gb 

c.

Xe Xek` k`er ertg tgck ck Icl Iclck ck Cdc Cdcrr ^eoc ^eoctg tgb  b  Ncmco peoiemcdcrck teoctgb, iclck cdcr oerupcbck scmcl sctu baopakek terpektgk`. @ukc oeopersgcpbck iclck cdcr teoctgb yck`

93

 

 icgb ocbc ngpermubck cnckyc peoclcock sejcrc icgb tektck` iclck cdcrr teoctg cdc teoctgb. b. Iclck Iclck cdcr oerupc oerupcbck bck se`cmc se`cmc iclck iclck (gkfar (gkfarocs ocsg, g, cmct, cmct, ocupuk tebs) yck` ngsusuk sejcrc sgsteoctgs yck` oekcopgmbck sasab  utul ncrg baopeteksg yck` cbck ngbucscg sgswc nck ng`ukcbck ncmco  prases peoiemcdcrck nek`ck tuduck uktub perekjckcck nck pekemcclck gopmeoektcs gopme oektcsgg peoiemcdcrc peoiemcdcrck k (Xrcstawa, (Xrcstawa, 9839). 9839). Ncmco peoiemcdcrck peoiemcdcrck teoc teoctg tgb, b, su suoi oier er ie iemcd mcdcr cr utco utcocc nc ncpc pctt oek` oek``u `ukc kcbc bck k ie iekt ktub ub tebs tebs tertumgs, sepertg iubu, ocdcmcl, irasur, surct bcicr, paster, ctcu ierupc mgk`buk`ck. Iclck cdcr cncmcl se`cmc iektub iclck yck` ng`ukcbck uktub oeoicktu `uru ncmco oemcbsckcbck be`gctck iemcdcr oek`cdcr  (Nepngbkcs, 988. Fcbt Fcbtar ar pe peke kekt ktu u nc ncrg rg be beie ierl rlcsg csgmc mck k ie iemc mcdc dcrr yc ycgt gtu u oatg oatgvc vcsg sg ie iemcd mcdcr  cr  sgswc yck` tgk``g 5. Ncmco Ncmco oekjcpc oekjcpcgg tuduck tuduck lcrus setclcp setclcp neog neog setclcp setclcp nck cblgrky cblgrkycc cbck oekjcpcg brgtergc tertektu. 6. Bcrcbte Bcrcbtergst rgstgb gb Iclc Iclck k Cdcr Cdcr ^eoctgb  ^eoctgb  Iclck Icl ck cdcr teoctgb teoctgb ngrckj ngrckjck` ck` nek`ck nek`ck sengogb sengogbgck gck rupc rupc `ukc `ukc oeoicktu prases peoiemcdcrck teoctgb. Xrcstawa ncmco (Nesyckncrg nbb, nbb, 9837 983744 30) 30) oek` oek`ct ctcb cbck ck ic iclw lwcc ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr te teoc octg tgb b lc lcru russ oeoukj oeo ukjumb umbck ck ieric` ieric`cg cg bcrcbt bcrcbtergs ergstgb tgb ncscr ncscr peoiem peoiemcdcr cdcrck ck teoctgb teoctgb,, ycgtu cgtu44

oekst ekstgo gou umcsg mcsg

 peoiemcdcrck

yck`

sg sgsw swcc

c` c`cr cr

oekyekck`bck

cb cbtg tgf, f, ctcu

oek ekjg jgpt ptcb cbck ck oekcrgb,

su sucs csck ckcc

oeoiergbck

 pek`etcluck yck` lamgstgj nck cutektgb (oeoiergbck pek`cmcock mck`suk`). Cbtgf crtgkyc iclck cdcr yck` ncpct oeknarak` becbtgfck sg sgswc swc nc ncmc mco o pe peoi oiec ecdc dcrck rck ic icgb gb se sejc jcrc rc fgsg fgsgb, b, oekt oektcm cm,, gk gkte teme mebt btuc ucm, m, ocupuk eoasgakcm uktub oekjcpcg lcsgm iemccdcr yck` ocbsgocm nck oeogmgb oeo gmgbgg oatgvc oatgvcsg sg uktub uktub iemcdcr iemcdcr nck terus terus iemcdc iemcdcr. r. Oekcrg Oekcrgb b ctcu ctcu oekyekck`bck cncmcl iclck cdcr yck` iersgfct oerck`sck`, kycock ngmglct, oeopesakc nck ierockfcct, selgk``c sgswc oercsc ternarak` uktub uktu b iemcdcr iemcdcr nck terus iemcdcr.Lam iemcdcr.Lamgstgb gstgb cncmcl iclck cdcr yck` iergsg bcdgck suctu fekaoekc ncrg ieiercpc ignck` bcdgck sebcmg`us. Ocbc ncrg gtu nek`ck cnckyc iclck cdcr terseiut oeouk`bgkbck sgswc utub  ncpct oeoclcog suctu fekaoekc ncrg se`cmc sgsg oekdcng meigl crgf  nck igdcbsckc. Cutektgb oerupcbck iclck cdcr teoctgb yck` oeogmgbg

9>

 

bcrcbt bcr cbtergs ergstgb tgb oekebc oekebckbc kbck k sgsg cutekt cutektgb gb ctcu ctcu pek`cm pek`cmcoc cock k mck`su mck`suk` k` yck` yck` ngie ngierg rgbc bck k amel amel suct suctu u ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr.. Ocb Ocbsu sunk nkyc yc ic iclc lck k cd cdcr  cr  oeoiergbck pek`etcluck nck pek`cmcock yck` ncpct ngperamel sgswc sekngrg. j.

Fuk Fuk`sg Icl clck ck Cdcr Cdcr ^eoct eoctgb  gb  ^erncpct nuc bmcsgfgbcsg utcoc peoic`gck fuk`sg iclck cdcr, ycgtu ycg tu oekuru oekurutt pglcb pglcb yck` yck` oeockf oeockfcct cctbck bck iclck iclck cdcr nck oekuru oekurutt strcte`g peoiecdcrck yck` ng`ukcbck. Ierncscrbck pglcb-pglcb yck` oek``ukcbck iclck cdcr, fuk`sg  iclck cdcr teric`g oekdcng nuc, ycbkg 4 3) Iclc Iclck k cdcr cdcr ic`g ic`g pek pekng ngng ngb  b  c) Ncmco Ncmco oek`c oek`cdcr dcr ncpct ncpct oek` oek`leo leoct ct wcbtu. wcbtu.  i) Zeic`cg penaock yck` cbck oek`crclbck seouc cbtgvgtcskyc ncmco prases peoiemcdcrck. j) Zeic`cg Zeic`cg evcmucsg evcmucsg pekjcpcgck pekjcpcgck ctcu ctcu pek`u pek`ucscck cscck lcsgm iemcdcr. iemcdcr. n) Oekdcngbck Oekdcngbck prases prases peoiemc peoiemcdcrck dcrck meigl meigl efebtgf efebtgf nck nck gktercbtgf. gktercbtgf. e) Xerck searck` searck` pek`cd pek`cdcr cr oekdcng oekdcng searck` searck` fcsgmgtct fcsgmgtctar. ar. 9) Iclc Iclck k cdcr cdcr pes pesert ertcc ng ngng ngb  b  c) Zgswc ncpct iemcdcr iemcdcr ngockc ngockc scdc scdc nck bcpck scdc gc gc gk`gkbck gk`gkbck..  i) Zgswc ncpct iemcdcr sejcrc ockngrg tckpc lcrus nek`ck  pekngngb ctcu teock j) Ncpc Ncpctt oeoi oeoick cktu tu pa pate teks ksgg sgsw sgswcc uk uktu tub b oekd oekdcn cngg pe pemc mcdcr dcr yc yck` k` ockngrg

95

 

n) Zeic` c`ccg

penaock

ic`g

sgs sgswc

yck ck` `

cbck

oek`crclbck

cbtgvgtcskyc ncmco prases peoiemcdcrck nck baopeteeksg yck` lcrus ngbucscg ctcu ngpemcdcrg. Zenck`bck ierncscrbck strcte`g peoiemcdcrck yck` ng`ukcbck, fuk`sg iclck cdcr ngic`g oekdcng : ocjco, ycbkg4 3) Iclck Iclck cdcr cdcr ncmco ncmco peoiem peoiemcdc cdcrck rck bmcsgb bmcsgbcm cm c) Zeic` c`ccg

iclck

peknubuk`

pra rase sess

peoiemcd cdccrck

yck`

ngsemek``crcbck  i) Zeic`cg suoier gkfarocsg ncmco prases peoiemcdcrck 9) Iclck Iclck cdcr ncmco ncmco peoie peoiemcd mcdcrck crck gkngv gkngvgnu gnucm cm c) Zeic`c Zeic`cgg oengc oengc utcoc utcoc ncmco prase prasess peoiemcd peoiemcdcrck crck  i) Zeic`cg pekukdck` oengc peoiemcdcrck yck` mcgk j) Zeic`c Zeic`cgg cmct yck` ng`ukcb ng`ukcbck ck uktub uktub oekyusuk oekyusuk nck oek`cw oek`cwcsg csg  peoeramelck gkfarocsg :) Iclck Iclck cdcr cdcr ncmco ncmco peoiem peoiemcdc cdcrck rck bemao bemaopab  pab  c) Ze Zeic ic`c `cgg iclc iclck k pekn peknub ubuk uk` ` ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr ut utco cocc nc nck k cp cpci cigm gmcc ngrckj ngr ckjck` ck` sengog sengogbgc bgck k rupc rupc ncpct ncpct oekgk` oekgk`bct bctbck bck oatgvc oatgvcsg sg  iemcdcr sgswc  i) Zeic`cg iclck yck` tergkte`rcsg nek`ck prases iemcdcr  be bema maop opab ab,, ne nek` k`ck ck oeoi oeoier ergb gbck ck gk gkfa faro rocs csgg mc mctc tcrr ie iemc mcbc bck` k` octe oc terg, rg, gk gkfa faro rocs csgg pe perck rck ar arck ck``-ar arck ck` ` yc yck` k` te term rmgi gict ct nc ncmc mco o  iemcdcr bemaopab 

96

 

n.

De Dekg kgss Iclck clck Cdcr Cdcr ^eoct eoctgb  gb  Oeku Oe kuru rutt dekg dekgsk skyc yc,, ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr nc ncpc pctt ng ngie ienc ncbc bck k oekd oekdcn cngg > ocjco, ycgtu seic`cg iergbut4

3) Iclck cdcr jetcb ( prgkten   prgkten ) cn cncm cmcl cl suct suctu u ic iclc lck k yc yck` k` ng ngscp scpbc bck k  ierupc bertcs yck` ncpct ierfuk`sg uktub bepermuck peoiemcdcrck ctcu ctc u pekyco pekycopcg pcgck ck gkfaro gkfarocsg. csg. Jaktal Jaktalkyc kyc sepertg sepertg iubu, iubu, oanum, oanum, meoicr berdc sgswc, irasur, fata ctcu `coicr, nck mcgk-mcgk. 9) Iclck cdcr cdcr nek`cr nek`cr (cunga) (cunga) cncmcl cncmcl systeo systeo yck` oek``ukcbc oek``ukcbck k sgkycm sgkycm rcnga rcn ga sejcrc sejcrc mck`su mck`suk` k` yck` yck` ncpct ncpct ngnek` ngnek`cr cr amel amel sesear sesearck` ck` ctcu ctcu sebemaopab arck`. Jaktalkyc sepertg rcnga, bcset, pgrgk`c lgtco, nck mcgk-mcgk. :) Iclc Iclck k cdcr cdcr pc pckn knck ck` ` ne nek` k`cr cr (c (cun unga gavg vgsu sucm cm)) cn cncm cmcl cl se`cm se`cmcc se sesu suctu ctu yck` oeouk`bgk oeouk`bgkbck bck sgkycm cunga ncpct ngbaoigksgbck ngbaoigksgbck nek`ck nek`ck `coicr `coi cr ier`ercb ier`ercb sejcrc sebueksgcm. sebueksgcm. Jakt Jaktalky alkycc sepertg fgmo nck vgnea jaopcjt ngsb. >) Iclc Iclck k cdcr cdcr gkt gkter ercb cbtg tgff (gktercjtgve (gktercjtgve tecjlgk` octergcms) octergcms ) cncmcl seiucl baoigkcsg ncrg nuc ctcu meigl ncrg oengc igcs ierupc cunga, `rcfgs, `coicr, cunga, vgnea, nck ckgocsg yck` ncpct ngockgpumcsg ctcu ngiergg permcbuck ngier permcbuck amel pek``ukcky pek``ukckycc uktub oek`ekncmgbck oek`ekncmgbck suctu  pergktcl. Jaktalkyc sepertg jaopcjt ngsb  gktercbtgf   gktercbtgf 

90

 

:. Becr Becrgf gfck ck Mabc Mabcmm c. Xek`ertgck Becrgfck Mabcm

 oerupcbck pcbck ic`gck ncrg iuncyc ncrg  iuncyc suctu  suctu ocsycrcbct Becrgfck mabcm mabcm oeru yck` tgnc ncb b nc ncpc pctt ng ngpg pgsc sclb lbck ck nc ncrg rg ic iclc lcsc sc oc ocsy sycrc crcbc bctt gt gtu u se sekn kngrg grg.. yck` tg Becrg Be crgfc fck k ma mabc bcmm (m (mab abcm cm wg wgsn snao ao)) ig igcsc cscky kycc ng ngwc wcrgs rgsbc bck k sej sejcrc crc tu turu ruk k teouruk ncrg sctu `ekercsg be `ekercsg oemcmug jergtc ncrg oumut be oumut.. Becrgfck mabcm cnc ng ncmco jergtc rcbyct, pergiclcsc, mc`u, nck oumut  perocgkck rcbyct. Becrgfck mabcm seic`cg suctu pek`etcluck yck` ngte ng teou oubc bck k

amel am el

ocsy oc sycr crcb cbct ct

mabc ma bcmm

tert te rtek ektu tu

oemc oe mcmu mugg

buop bu opum umck ck

 pek`cmcock ncmco oekjaic nck nggkte`rcsgbck nek`ck peoclcock terlcncp iuncyc nck becncck cmco suctu teopct . Becrgfck

mabcm

oekurut

Pc`grck

(98374:97)

yck`

oek`eoubcbck ieiercpc baksep becrgfck mabcm ycgtu becrgfck mabcm oerupcbck suctu pek`emcock pckdck` yck` ncpct ng`ukcbck seic`cg  penaock tgk`bcl mcbu sesearck`2 bcecrgfck mabcm tgncb termepcs ncrg mgk`bu mgk `buk`c k`ck k peogmg peogmgbky bkyc2 c2 becrgf becrgfck ck mabcm mabcm iersgfc iersgfctt teriubc teriubc,, ngkcog ngkcogs, s, fmebsgiem, nck semcmu oekyesucgbck nek`ck perbcoick`ck zcock. Ierncscrbck pekncpcct ng ctcs, ocbc besgopumck ncrg becrgfck mabcm cncmcl seiucl beierc`cock mabcm yck` ierpc kgmcg-kgmcg iuncyc yck` yck` turu turuk k teou teouru ruk k nck nck gcku gckutt am amel el ocsy ocsycr crcb cbct ct se selg lgk` k``c `c te teru russ  ierbeoick` ng mgk`buk`ck ocsycrcbct ocsycrcbct terseiut.

9<

 

i. Yuck` Mgk`bup Becrgfck Mabcm

Becrg Be crgfc fck k ma mabc bcmm oeru oerupc pcbc bck k ic ic`g `gck ck nc ncrg rg iu iunc ncyc yc yc yck` k` nc ncpc pctt oukj ou kjum um ngse ngsemu muru rul l emeo emeoek ek be belg lgnu nupc pck. k. Becrf Becrfck ck ma mabc bcmm oeru oerupc pcbc bck k fekaoekc yck` mucs selgkk`c jcbupckkyc jubup ickycb nck ierc`co selgk`` selg k``cc jubup jubup sumgt sumgt ngictc ngictcsg sg amel amel ruck`. ruck`. Bcrekc Bcrekc becrgfc becrgfck k semcmu semcmu  iersuoier ncrg lgnup ockusgc, selgk``c betgbc lgnup ieruicl ocbc becrgfck mabcm puk gbut ieruicl pumc. Becrgfck trcngsgakcm nck becrgfck ocsc bgkg ierienc nek`ck becrgfck mabcm. Becrgfck mabcm tgncb lcrus lckyc lck yc oerupc oerupcbck bck seiucl seiucl wcrgsck wcrgsck ncrg ncrg `ekerc `ekercsg sg be `ekerc `ekercsg sg scdc, scdc, kcouk kco uk meigl meigl oekebc oekebckbc kbck k pcnc pcnc teopct teopct nck mabcmg mabcmgtcs tcs ncrg ncrg becrgf becrgfck ck terseiut. becrgfck mabcm tgncb seoctc-octc iersgfct trcngsgakcm bcrekc becrfck mabcm ncpct oekjcbup becrgfck ocsc bgkg nck ocbkckyc meigl mucs ncrgpcnc becrgfck trcngsgakcm. Ierncscrbck wcbtu beoukjumckkyc, becrgfck mabcm terncpct nuc  dekgs, ycgtu4 3. Becrgfcm mabcm bmcsgb, mcoc, trcngsgakcm 9. Becrgfck mabcm icru, ocsc bgkg, bakteoparer.

Ngmglct Ngmgl ct ncrg sgsg fgmasafg fgmasafg ncscrkyc, ncscrkyc, becrgfck ngbcte`argbck ngbcte`argbck ncmco nuc cspeb, ycgtu4 3. @c`csck, @c`csck, peogbgrck peogbgrck,, cbcm iung iung yck` yck` iersgfct iersgfct cistrcb cistrcb Becrgfck Becrgfck mabcm mabcm yck` yck ` oekjcb oekjcbup up bcte`a bcte`arg rg `c`csck `c`csck ycgtu ycgtu ieric` ieric`cg cg pcknck pcknck`ck `ck,,  pek`etcluck, kgmcg sertc gopmeoektcsg ncrg seiucl ocsycrcbct icgb  yck` ngperamel ncrg `ekercsg seiemuokyc ocupuk yck` ngncpct

97

 

amel `ekercsg ng ocsc bgkg nck ncrg ieric`cg pek`cmcock ng ocsc bgkg, bgk g, terocs terocsub ub du`c du`c ncrg ncrg baoukg baoukgbcsg bcsg nek`ck nek`ck ocsycr ocsycrcbc cbctt ctcu ctcu  iuncyc mcgk. 9. Becrgfck Becrgfck mabcm mabcm yck` ierupc ierupc lcm-lcm lcm-lcm bakbret bakbret nck nck ncpct ncpct ngmglct. ngmglct. Becrgfck mabcm bcte`arg lcm bakbret igcsckyc ierupc ieknc-ienc crtefcb, yck` oek`lgcsg lgnup ockusgc, nck ierocbkc sgoiamgb. Becrgfck mabcm gnektgb nek`ck pergmcbu ockusgc yck` ierluiuk`ck nek`ck nek `ck ^ulck ^ulck,, tcknctcknc- tcknc tcknc cmco, cmco, mgk`bu mgk`buk`c k`ck k lgnup/ lgnup/per pertck tckgck gck,, oeoi oe oick ck`u `uk k

ru ruoc ocl, l,

pekn pekngn gngb gbck ck,,

bemc bemclg lgrc rck, k, ocbc ocbckc kck, k, sg sgbu buss

up upcj cjcr crcc

be belg lgnu nupc pck k

pe perb rbcw cwgk gkck ck,,

ocku ockusg sgcc

nc nck k

nc nck k

wctc wctcb, b,

beselc bes elctck tck nck iekjck iekjckcc cmco. cmco. Cncpum Cncpumcc mgk`bu mgk`bup p becrgf becrgfck ck mabcm mabcm seic`cg iergbut4 c. Ygtucm Ygtucm nck nck trcng trcngsg sg ocsycr ocsycrcbc cbctt sertc sertc ocbkck ocbkckyc yc  i. Me`eknc, ogtas, nck jergtc rcbyct yck` oeogmgbg cockct yck` lckyc ngbekcmg amel baoukgtcs mabcm. j. KarocKaroc-kar karoc oc mabcm mabcm yck` ngbeoi ngbeoick` ck`bck bck amel amel ncercl ncercl ocsgk`ocsgk`ocsgk`. n. Gkfarocsg Gkfarocsg nck pek`etcluc pek`etcluck k yck` yck` iersuoie iersuoierr ncrg tetuc cnct ctcu ctcu sesepul ocsycrcbct. e. Jcrc Jcrc baoukgtc baoukgtcss mabcm mabcm ncmco ncmco oeoekulg oeoekulg belgnu belgnupck pckkyc kyc selcrg selcrg-lcrg. f. Bgtci Bgtci sujg sujg yck` ngyc ngycbgk bgkgg beiekcrck beiekcrckkyc kyc amel amel ocsycr ocsycrcbc cbct. t.

:8

 

`. Bakn Bakngs gsgg cmco cmco/m /mgk gk`b `buk uk`c `ck k yc yck` k` nc ncpc pctt ng ngoc ockf kfcc cctb tbck ck uk uktu tub  b  oek`lgnupg ocsycrcbct. l. Cmc Cmctt nck iclck iclck yck` ng `ukcbc `ukcbck k uktub uktub oeoekul oeoekulgg beiutulc beiutulck k tertektu. Ncmco jcbupck jcbupck mgk`bup  mgk`bup iuncyc, terncpct ngoeksg fgsgb  yck` yc k` oe oemg mgpu putg tg csp cspeb eb pc pcbc bcgc gck k cn cnct ct,, wc wcrg rgsck sck iu iunc ncyc yc,, je jerg rgtc tc rcbyct, upcjcrc cnct, perocgkk trcngsgakcm, teopct iersedcrcl, besekgck, jc`cr iuncyc, ouseuo/oakuoekt. Meoic`c iuncyc, bercdgkck, pcrgwgsctc, nck mcgk-mcgk. Zuoier becrgfck mabcm yck` mcgk mc gk nc ncpc pctt ng ngpe pera rame mel l nc ncrg rg mg mgk` k`bu bup p lg lgnu nup p ar arck ck` ` ig igoc oc yc ycgt gtu u sukctck, sukctc k, upcjcrc cnct, perbcwgkck, perbcwgkck, nck beoctg beoctgc. c. Becgfck majcm ncpct ngdcngbck seic`cg suoier s uoier pekngngbck yck` luockgs. :. Becrgfc Becrgfck k mabc mabcmm n ncmc cmco o pekng pekngngb ngbck ck Xe Xekn kngn gngb gbck ck ieri ierics csgs gs becr becrgf gfck ck ma mabc bcmm

yc ycgt gtu u

pe pekn kngn gngb gbck ck yc yck` k`

oeoigoigk` nck oek`cdcrbck sgswc uktub iercnc nebct nek`ck sgtucsg sgtucsg bakbre bakbrett yck` yck` oerebc oerebc lcncpg lcncpg ng belgnu belgnupck pck selcrgselcrg-lcr lcrg. g. Xekngn Xek ngngbc gbck k ierics iericsgs gs becrgf becrgfck ck mabcm mabcm igcs igcs ngockf ngockfcct cctbck bck seic`c seic`cgg oengc ncmco oek`cdcrbck nck oemestcrgbck beuk``umck ocsgk`ocsgk` ncercl. Becrgfck mabcm lcrus ngbeoick`bck ncrg pateksg ncercl. Xateksg ncercl ycgtu suoier ncyc spesgfgb yck` ngogmgbg suct suctu u nc ncer ercl cl tert tertek ektu tu.. Jakt Jaktal al nc ncrg rg pa pate teks ksgg ig igoc oc yc ycgt gtu u seper sepertg tg ocbckck ocbck ck blcs, bercdgkck tekuk, tcrgck trcngsgakcm, trcngsgakcm, nck mcgk-mcgk. mcgk-mcgk. Xekn Xekngn gngb gbck ck ie ieri rics csgs gs be becr crgfc gfck k ma mabc bcmm te tekt ktuk ukyc yc cb cbck ck oekj oekjcp cpcg cg

:3

 

be beie ierl rlcsg csgmc mck k cscmb cscmbck ck `u `uru ru du du`c `c oek` oek`uc ucscg scg wcwc wcwcsck sck te tekt ktck ck` ` becrgfck mabcm gtu sekngrg. Igcsckyc, `uru yck` sengbgt oeoclcog ocbkc ocb kc becrgf becrgfck ck mabcm mabcm meigl meigl jekner jekneruk` uk` burck` burck` seksgt seksgtgf gf terlcnc terlcncp p beckeb bec kebcrc crc`co `cock ck iuncy iuncycc seteop seteopct. ct. Zemcgk Zemcgk gtu `u `uru ru yck` yck` burck` burck` terc tercop opgm gm du`c du`c cbck cbck oek` oek`cb cbgi gict ctbc bck k oere oerebc bc bu burc rck` k` ocop ocopu u oekjgptcbck oekjg ptcbck peoiemcdcrck peoiemcdcrck yck` oek`lcr`cg oek`lcr`cg berc`cock berc`cock iuncyc iuncyc ncercl. Gkte`rcsg becrgfck mabcm ncmco peoiemcdcrck ncpct ierperck uktub oeoiektub bcrcbter sgswc, sejcrc tgncb mck`suk` sgswc cbck oeoperamel pek``coicrck ctcs gnektgtcs ngrgkyc seic`cg ic`gck ncrg ocsycrcbct yck` tergbct nek`ck beuk``umck iuncyc nck suncl mcoc ngperjcyc amel peknclumukyc. Xekngngbck iericsgs becrgfck mabcm ncpct oekgk`bctbck pek`eoick`ck pek`etcluck sgswc yck`  iersuoier ncrg becrgfck mabcm ocsycrcbct seteopct, oekgk`bctbck bete beterc rcop opgm gmck ck

peoc peoclc lcoc ock k

pc pcnc nc

ocsy ocsycr crcb cbct ct

te tekt ktck ck` `

pr pras ases es

belgnupck sertc nglcrcpbck ncpct oeopukycg sgbcp nck pergmcbu yck` sesucg nek`ck kgmcg-kgmcg becrgfck mabcm terseiut. >. Becr Becrgf gfck ck mab mabcm cm Igo Igocc Becrgfck mabcm Igoc ctcu beuk``umck pateksg mabcm yck` iercnc ng ncercl Igoc oerupcbck lcsgm iuncyc yck` lcrus ngdc`c seic`cg wcrgsck wcr gsck iuncyc iuncyc yck` yck` suncl suncl tertckc tertckco o sedcb sedcb nclumu nclumu amel amel kekeb  kekeb  oayck`. Becrgfck mabcm Igoc cncmcl seic`cg iergbut 4 3) Bumg Bumgke kerr Bl Blcs c) Ogkcscruc

:9

 

Ic`g ocsycrcbct ocsycrcbct igoc ogkuock ogkuock gkg suncl tgncb csgk` mc`g. Ogkcscr Ogk cscruc uc oerupc oerupcbck bck ogkuoc ogkuock k blcs blcs ncercl ncercl Igoc Igoc yck` yck`  pusct pranubsgkyc iercnc ng Bejcoctck Iama Bciupctek Igoc, blususkyc ng Nesc Iaktabcpe nck Nesc Zaknasgc. Ogku Og kuoc ock k gk gkgg ie ieru rupc pc rc rcjgb jgbck ck ie ieie ierc rcpc pc ic iclc lck k re reop opcl cl-reopcl. Blcsgct ncrg ogkuock trcngsgakcm gkg cktcrc mcgk oekgk`bctb oekgk `bctbck ck beiu beiu`crck `crck tuiul tuiul,, oek` oek`urck` urck`gg rcsc pe`cm pe`cm,, nck oek`aictg ocsub ck`gkc.  i) Xck`clc iuk`c

Xck`clc iuk`c oerupcbck bue trcngsgakcm Igoc yck` sedcb  numu oekdcng fcvargt fcvargt uktub jeogmck, ngkcocbck pck`clc  iuk`c bcrekc iektubkyc sepertg iuk`c. Xck`clc iuk`c gkg  iericlck ncscr tepuk` iercs, nck oeogmgbg jgtc rcsc yck`

::

 

`urg `urgl. l. Cscm Cscm oumc oumc pc pck` k`cl clcc iu iuk` k`cc oeku oekuru rutt ie ieie ierc rcpc pc sedcrclwck mabcm ycgtu ngicwc amel arck`-arck` oemcyu.  oemcyu.  9) Besekgck c) ^crg ^crg Purc Purc Iak` Iak`gg Oakj Oakjcc

^crg Purc Iak`g Oakjc cncmcl scmcl sctu tcrgck semcoct nctgk` ctcu pekycoiutck tcou ncrg Igoc, K^I. ^crgck gkg ngmcbu ngm cbubck bck amel amel pekcrg pekcrg pereop pereopuck uck sejcrc sejcrc ierbem ierbemaop aopab  ab  nek`ck nek `ck `ercbc `ercbck k yck` yck` meocl meocl meoiut meoiut scoigm scoigm oekciu oekciurbc rbck k  iercs bukgk` seic`cg sgoiam pek`laroctck nck lcrcpck. ^crg Purc Iak`g Oakjc gkg oerupcbck scmcl sctu tcrgck yc yck` k` ju jubu bup p terb terbek ekcm cm nc nck k ocsgl ocsgl se sergk rgk` ` ng ngpe pekt ktcsb csbck ck ng  ieric`cg cjcrc ng ncercl Igoc, K^I.  i) Xcjac Dcrc

:>

 

Xcjac Xcj ac Dcrc ctcu ctcu ngseiu ngseiutt du`c du`c Xcjuck Xcjuck Bunc, Bunc, oerupc oerupcbck bck  perocgkck trcngsgakcm ocsycrcbct bciupctek Igoc yck` ocsgl mestcrg scopcg sebcrck`. Xerocgkck gkg oeoermubck bunc yck` buct nck betck`bcsck dabg uktub iermc`c ng crekc  pcjuck. Zebcrck` perocgkck Xcjac Dcrc suncl oekdcng bcmekner rutgk peoergktcl ncercl Igoc uktub ngmaoicbck.  ngmaoicbck.  :) Berc Bercdg dgk kck c) Dcrgopg

Ieneb Ien eb ctcu ncmco ncmco iclcsc iclcsc Igoc Igoc ngseiu ngseiutt Dcrgopg Dcrgopg cncmcl cncmcl sc scmc mcl l

sc sctu tu

dekg dekgss

ber ercd cdgk gkck ck

ck ckyc ycoc ock k

yck ck` `

ng ngte tebu buk kg

ocsycrcbct Igoc sedcb numu. Iclck ncscr Dcrgopg teriuct ncrg icoiu, yck` ng`ukcbck uktub ngdcngbck ngkngk` nck tcigr peoictcs bcocr ruocl.

:5

 

 i) ^eoie K``amg

^eoie K``amg oerupcbck scruk` tekuk tck`ck blcs Igoc yck` ngiuct ncrg iekck` blusus yck` oeogmgbg wcrkc-wcrkg yck` jercl nck ieroatgf blcs scruk` tekuk tck`ck. ^uduck utcoc utc oc ocsycr ocsycrcbc cbctt Ioc oekeku oekekuk k ^eoie ^eoie K``amg K``amg cncmcl cncmcl seic`cg pcbcgck yck` oekutup curct. Begstgoewcck ^eoie  K``amg cktcrc mcgk, tercsc lck`ct, lcmus, meoiut, tgncb  ouncl busut, nck wcrkc jeoermck` meigl tclck mcoc. >) Pgsc Pgsctc tc Icl Iclcr crgg c) Xck cktc tcgg Mcwc Mcwctc tc

Xcktcg Mcwctc oerupcbck scmcl sctu pcktcg yck` metcbkyc ng bemurclck Zcoigkce ycgtu sebgtcr 5 bo ncrg batc Igoc. Xcktcg gkg oek`lcncp mck`suk` be ^emub Igoc. Metcbkyc

:6

 

yc yck` k` ie ierc rcnc nc ng pgk` pgk``g `grr dc dcmc mck k pg pgkt ktu u ocsu ocsub b Batc Batc Igoc Igoc oeoiuct pcktcg gkg yck` sctu gkg ouncl uktub ngbukduk`g.  ngbukduk`g.   i) Mcrgtg

Xckt Xcktcg cg gk gkgg ie ierc rcnc nc ng wg wgmcy mcycl cl semct semctck ck Bciu Bciupc pcte tek k Igoc Igoc,, tepctk tep ctkyc yc ng Nesc Zara, Zara, Bejcoc Bejcoctck tck Mcoiu Mcoiu Zcpe. Zcpe. Xcktcg Xcktcg Mcrg Mc rgtg tg oekc oekcwc wcrb rbck ck be besu suky kygc gck k yc yck` k` ng ngic icmu mutt be begk gknc nclc lck k  pckarcoc. Xcsgr yck` teriektck` ng sepckdck` pcktcg sertc  igrukyc mcut yck` oekcoicl begknclck begknclck pcktcg Mcrgtg. 5) ^coc ^cock k Yebr Yebrec ecsg sg c) ^cock Xcknc

^cock yck` iermabcsg ng Nesc Xcknc, Bejcoctck Xcmgiema oekyu` oek yu`ulb ulbck ck pesakc pesakc gkncl. gkncl. Cnc ickycb ickycb Uoc Mek``e Mek``e  ierdeder rcpg ngsepckdck` aiyeb wgsctc. Uoc Mek``e

:0

 

oeru oe rupc pcbc bck k ru ruoc ocl l cn cnct ct Igoc Igoc yc yck` k` ocsg ocsgl l ng ngme mestc stcrg rgbc bck k lgk``c scct gkg. Ng ^cock Xcknc bgtc ncpct oekeoubck nupmgbct Uoc Mek``e yck` teriuct ncrg bcyu nck icoiu.  i) ^cock Pgsctc Cmco Ocncpck``c

^cock Pgsctc Cmco Ocncpck``c termetcb ng Nesc Kncka Bejcoctck Ocncpck``c. ^eopct wgsctc gkg oekyu`ulbck  peocknck`ck cmco yck` sck`ct gkncl nck sedub, bcrekc ^cock Pgsctc Cmco Ocncpck``c oeogmgbg octc cgr yck`  iersgl. 6) Zgtu Zgtuss Iers Iersed edcr crcl cl c) Csg Oiada

:<

 

Csg Oiada ngcrtgbck ncmco iclcsc Gknakesgc ycgtu Gstckc Igoc, seici nclumuCsg Oiada oerupcbck pusct peoergktcl besumtckck Igoc. Kcouk, segrgk` ierdcmckkyc wcbtu, bgkg Csg Oiada oekdcng scmcl sctu pekgk``cmck crbeama` yck`  ierfuk`sg

seic`cg

teopct

pekygopckck

ieknc-ieknc

 pekgk``cmck bercdcck Igoc.  i) Pcnu Xc‗c

Pcnu Pcn u Xc‗c Xc‗c ctcu ctcu Ictu Ictu Xclct Xclct oerupc oerupcbck bck scmcl sctu sgtus jckng teigk`. Zgtus Pcnu Xc‗c oerupcbck scmcl sctu sgtus yc yck` k` oekd oekdcn cngg pe pekc kckn kncc be beie ierc rcnc ncck ck cd cdcr crck ck Lg Lgkn knu u sertc sertc Iunnlc ng Igoc. Zgtus Pcnu Xc‗c oeogmgbg ieric`cg crjc,  prcscstg, sertc remgef yck` oekdcng iubtg pekyeicrck cdcrck Iunnlc sebcmg`us Lgknu ng Xumcu Zuoicwc.

:7

 

Crsg sgte teb btu turr 0) Cr c) Oc Ocsd sdgn gn ^e ^erc rcpu puk` k`

Ocsdgn Ocs dgn Coclco Coclcogg iercnc iercnc ng bcwcsck bcwcsck Xcktcg Xcktcg Coclco Coclcog, g, tepc tepctk tkyc yc ng DM Zumt Zumtck ck Oulc Oulcoo oocn cn Zcmcl Zcmclun unng ngk, k, Iema Iema.. Ngse Ngseiu iutt se seic ic`c `cgg oc ocsd sdgn gn te terc rcpu puk` k` bc bcre rekc kc ocsd ocsdgn gn gk gkgg ngick`uk ng ctcs percgrck. >. Lcsg Lcsgmm ie iemcdc mcdcrr

c. Xek` Xek`ert ertgc gck k lcsg lcsgmm iem iemcd cdcr  cr  @uru prafessgakcm ycgtu searck` `uru yck` igcs oekgk`bctbck lcsgm iemcdcr sgswc oekdcng ocbsgocm nck oekgk`bctbck peruiclck tgk` tgk`bc bcl l mcbu mcbu oekd oekdcn cngg meig meigl l ic icgb gb nc ncmc mco o pe peoi oiem emcd cdcrc crck. k. Oeku Oekuru rutt Lcoc Lc ocmg mgb b (9 (988 8804 04 :8 :8)) lc lcsgm sgm ie iemc mcdc dcrr yc ycgt gtu u te tern rncp cpct ct pekg pekgk` k`bc bctc tck k nc nck k  peruiclck pergmcbu pcnc ngrg sgswc ncmco cspeb pek`etcluck (ba`kgtgf), sgbcp (cfebtgf), nck betercopgmck (psgbaoatar) yck` ncpc ngcoctg nck ngubur. Zenck`bck oekurut Leknrcwctg ncmco (Wuyuk Nwg Lcrycktg nbb, 9838

 

 peramel setemcl oemcbubck be`gctck iemcdcr semcoc peoiemcdcrck  iermck`suk` seic`cg lcsgm ncrg pek`ucscck octerg. Nek` Ne k`ck ck ne neog ogbg bgck ck nc ncpc pctt ng ngsgo sgopu pumb mbck ck ic iclw lwcc lc lcsg sgmm ie iemc mcdc dcr  r  oerupcbck peruiclck tgk`bcl mcbu ctcu pergmcbu sgswc c`cr oekdcng meigl mei gl icgb icgb ncrg ncrg seiemuo seiemuokyc kyc yck` yck` oerupc oerupcbck bck lcsgm lcsgm ncrg ncrg oek`uc oek`ucscg scg octe oc terg rg se semc mcoc oc pe peoi oiem emcd cdcrc crck k ie ierm rmck ck`s `suk uk` ` yc yck` k` oekj oekjcb cbup up cspeb  cspeb  ba`kgtgf (pek`etcluck), cfebtgf (sgbcp), nck psgbaoatar (betercopgmck).  i. Jgrg lcsgm iemcdcr  C`cr ncpct oek`aptgocmbck lcsgm iemcdcr sgswc nck oeoiuct bemcs oekdcng baknusgf, `uru lcrus oeopukycg tebkgb oek`cdcr yck`  icgb. ^ektukyc `uru termeigl nclumu lcrus ocopu oek`etclug jgrg nck lcsgm iemcdcr gtu sekngrg. Oekurut Zundckc (9885) lcsgm iemcdcr ncpct ngjcpc ngj cpcgg oemcmu oemcmugg prases prases iemcdc iemcdcrr oek`cd oek`cdcr cr yck` yck` aptgoc aptgocm, m, jekner jekneruk` uk` oekukdubbck ngrg seic`cg iergbut 4 3. Beic Beick` k``c `cck ck nc nck k be bepu pucsc csck k yc yck` k` nc ncpc pctt oekd oekdcn cngg oatg oatgvc vcsg sg ie iemc mcdcr  dcr  sgswc. 9. Zgswc Zgswc oekd oekdcng cng meigl meigl perj perjcyc cyc ngrg. ngrg. :. Lcsgm Lcsgm iemcdcr iemcdcr ncpct ncpct ngpera ngperamel mel sejcrc sejcrc oekyem oekyemuru urul. l. >. Lcsgm Lcsgm iemcdcr iemcdcr yck` yck` temcl ngjcpc ngjcpcgg ncpct ierocbk ierocbkcc ic`g ngrgkyc ngrgkyc nck gk`ctckkyc tclck mcoc. 5. Beocopuck Beocopuck sgswc sgswc ncmco ncmco oek`ak oek`aktram, tram, oekgmcg oekgmcg nck oek`ekncmgb oek`ekncmgbck ck ngrgkyc ncmco oekgmcg lcsgm yck` ngjcpcg ocupuk prases nck usclc  iemcdcrkyc.

>3

 

Ocbc jgrg/bcrcbtergstgb lcsgm iemcdcr yck` aptgocm cncmcl cnckyc  percscck

pucs nck ick``c selgk``c oukjum cnckyc rcsc

teroatgvcsg nck perjcyc nek`ck beocopuck ngrg sekngrg ocupuk oek`ekncmgbck ngrg sekngrg nck cnckyc usclc uktub iemcdcr sertc lcsgm lcs gm iemcdc iemcdcrr ncpct ncpct ngpera ngperamel mel sejcrc sejcrc oekyem oekyemuru urul l ncmco ncmco cspeb  cspeb  ba` a`kg kgtg tgff

(pek (pek`e `etc tclu luck ck), ),

cf cfeb ebtg tgff

(sgb sgbcp cp), ),

nck

psgb psgba aoata oatar  r 

(betercopgmck). j. Xr Xrgk gksg sgp p pekgm pekgmcg cgck ck lcsgm lcsgm iemc iemcdc dcr  r  Lcsgm Lcs gm iemcdc iemcdcrr cncmcl cncmcl peruic peruiclck lck pergmc pergmcbu/ bu/tgk tgk`bc `bcl l mcbu, mcbu, ocbc ocbc ncmco ncm co pekgmc pekgmcgck gck lcsgm lcsgm iemcdcr iemcdcr lekncb lekncbkyc kyc oeoeku oeoekulg lg prgksg prgksgp p lcsgm lcsgm  iemcdcr terseiut. Oekurut Zundckc (9885) ncmco pekgmcgck lcsg iemcdcr  cncmcl seic`cg ierbut 4 3. Xekgmcgck Xekgmcgck pcnc pcnc lcsgm iemcdcr iemcdcr ngrckjc ngrckjck` k` c`cr meigl meigl demcs demcs yck` ngkgmcg, ngkgmcg, octer oc tergg pe pekg kgmc mcgck gckky kyc, c, cmct cmct nc nck k gk gkte terp rpre retc tcsg sg lc lcsgm sgm pe pekg kgmc mcgc gckk kkyc yc.. Xekg Xekgmc mcgc gck k lc lcru russ se sesu sucg cg ne nek` k`ck ck iu iubu bu pe pemc mcdc dcrck rck nc nck k bu burg rgbu bumu muo o seic`cg cjuckkyc. 9. Xe Xekg kgmc mcgc gck k yck` yck` se semc mcmu mu ngmc ngmcbu bubc bck k sc scct ct pr pras ases es ie iemc mcdc dcrr oek` oek`cd cdcr  cr  selgk``c terdcng besgkcoiuk`ck. :. Oek` Oek``u `ukc kcbc bck k cmct cmct pe pekg kgmc mcgc gck k yc yck` k` ie iers rsgfc gfctt ba baop opre rele leks ksgf gf,, yc ycgt gtu u  pekgmcgck pcnc cspeb sgbcp, cspeb betercopgmck, nck cspeb   pek`etcluck. >. Xekgmcgck Xekgmcgck lcsgm lcsgm iemcdcr iemcdcr lcrus lcrus nggbutg nggbutg nek`ck nek`ck tgkncbc tgkncbck k mckdut, mckdut, bcrekc bcrekc nctc lcsgm pekgmcgck gtu sck`ct ierockfcct ic`g `uru nck ic`g sgswc.

>9

 

Ocbc permu ngjctct sejcrc terctur ncmco jctctck blusus oek`ekcg  perbeoick`ck sgswc. Ncpct Ncp ct ngsgop ngsgopumb umbck ck iclwc iclwc prgksg prgksgp p ncmco ncmco pekgmc pekgmcgck gck lcgm lcgm iemcdc iemcdcr  r  cn cncmc cmcl l ci cigm gmgtc gtcss yc yck` k` ngkg ngkgmc mcgg lc lcru russ de demc mcs, s, lc lcru russ sesuc sesucgg ne nek` k`ck ck burgbu bur gbumuo muo nck gsg ncrg ncrg iubu iubu pemcdc pemcdcrck rck yck` yck` senck` senck` ng`ukc ng`ukcbck bck,, lcrus lcr us cnc tgkncb tgkncb mckdut mckdut terlcn terlcncp cp pekgmc pekgmcgck gck cspeb cspeb pek`et pek`etclu cluck, ck, sgbcp, nck betercopgmck. n. Fcbtar Fcbtar yck` yck` oeop oeopek` ek`cru crulg lg lcsgm lcsgm iemc iemcdcr  dcr  ^ern ^e rncp cpct ct fc fcbt btar ar-fc -fcbt btar ar yc yck` k` oeop oeopek ek`c `cru rulg lg ap aptg tgoc ocmm

ct ctcu cu

tgncbkyc lcsgm iemcdcr sgswc. Kckck` Lckcfgcl nck Juju (98874 >3)  ierpekncpct iclwc fcbtar yck` oeoek`crulg lcsgm lcsgm iemcdcr ycgtu 4 3. Fcbt Fcbtar ar gk gkter terkc kcmm yc ycgt gtu u oekj oekjcb cbup up pc pcnc nc tgk` tgk`bc bctt be beje jern rncs csck ck ic icbc bct, t, sgbcp,, ogkct, sgbcp ogkct, oatgvcsg, oatgvcsg, bescncrck, bescncrck, beycbgkck, beycbgkck, bengsgpmgk bengsgpmgkck, ck, nck tck``uk` dcwci. Fcjtar ar eb ebste sterk rkcm cm yc ycgt gtu u oekj oekjcb cbup up pc pcnc nc pe pekn kngn gngb gb/` /`ur uru u nc ncmc mco o 9. Fcjt oek``ukcbck oanem peoiemcdcrck ngbemcs, scrckc nck prcscrckc  pekukdck` prases peoiemcdcrck burgbumuo mgk`buk`ck ebakaog be bemu mucr cr`c `c nc nck k ba baou oukg kgbc bcsg sg ck cktc tcrc rc `u `uru ru ne nek` k`ck ck sgsw sgswc-s c-sgs gswg wg ng sebamcl.   sebamcl. I. Xekem Xekemgtg gtgck ck yck yck` ` Yemev Yemevck ck

Xeke Xekemg mgtgc tgck k yc yck` k` ngmc ngmcbu bubc bck k amel amel pe peke kemg mgtg tg te tern rncl clum umu u nc nck k ngck ngck`` ``cp cp remevck seic`cg suoier rudubck nck ncpct oek``coicrbck remevcksg sertc

>:

 

 periencck nek`ck pekemgtgck nck pek`eoick`ck ”Iclck Cdcr Iericsgs Becrgfck Mabcm‟ 3. Zg Zgtg tg Ocmg Ocmgbc bcl. l. 9830 9830.. ”X ”Xek ek`e `eoi oick ck`c `ck k Iclc Iclck k Cd Cdcr cr ^eoc ^eoctg tgb b Ieri Ierics csgs gs Becrgfc Bec rgfck k Mabcm Mabcm seic`cg seic`cg Upcyc Upcyc Oemestc Oemestcrgb rgbck ck Kgmcg Kgmcg Iuncyc Iuncyc pcnc pcnc Zgswc Zgswc Zebamc Zeb amcl l Ncscr‟. Ncscr‟. Ierncs Ierncscrb crbck ck pekemg pekemgtgck tgck nck pek`eo pek`eoick ick`ck `ck terseiu terseiutt ngbeoubcb ngbeo ubcbck ck iclwc searck` `uru igsc oeockfcctbck oeockfcctbck iclck cdcr teoctgb  teoctgb   iericsgs becrgfck majcm seic`cg seiucl suoier ncmco pemcbsckcck  peoiemcdcrck. Xek`eoick`ck iclck cdcr yck` ngsesucgbck nek`ck bcrcbtergstgb sgswc nck mgk`buk`ck teopct `uru oek`cdcr oerupcbck scmcl sctu sct u jcrc jcrc uk uktu tub b oek` oek`ctc ctcsg sg be besu sumg mgtc tck k ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr yc yck` k` ocsg ocsgl l ie iemu muo o oeoc oe ocnc ncg. g. Cnck Cnckyc yc bete beters rsen engc gcck ck ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr yc yck` k` oeoc oeocnc ncgg

ocbc ocbc

lcrcpckkyc ycgtu peoiemcdcrck ncpct ierdcmck nek`ck efebtgf nck efgsgek sertc ncpct oekgk`bctbck lcsgm iemcdcr sgswc. 9. Wusgktc Wusgktc Nwg Crgyckg. Crgyckg. 9836. 9836. ”pek`eo ”pek`eoick` ick`ck ck iclck cdcr cdcr teoctgb-gkt teoctgb-gkte`rctg e`rctgf  f   iericsgs

kgmcg

bcrcbter

penumg

mgk`buk`ck nck

tck``uk` dcwci‟.

Ierncscrbck pekemgtgck terseiut ngbeoubcbck iclwc iclck cdcr teoctgbgkte`rctgf nek`ck teoc ”Mgk`buk`ckbu Iersgl nck Zelct‟ iericsgs kgmcg bcrcbter penumg mgk`bu`ck nck tck``uk` dcwci uktub pesertc ngngb bemcs G sebamcl sebamc l ncscr yck` suncl ngbeoick`bc ngbeoick`bck k nglcrcpbck nglcrcpbck c`cr ngtercpbck ngtercpbck nck ng`ukcbck nek`ck ocbsgocm amel `uru `ukc pek`eoick`ck bcrcbter sgswc sebamcl sebamc l ncscr. Iclck cdcr teoctgb-gkte teoctgb-gkte`rctgf `rctgf nek`ck nek`ck teoc ”Mgk`buk` ”Mgk`buk`ckbu ckbu Iersgl nck Zelct‟ Zelct‟ iericsgs iericsgs kgmcg bcrcbter penumg penumg mgk`buk`ck mgk`buk`cknck nck tck``uk` tck``uk`

>>

 

 dcwci uktub pesertc ngngb bemcs G sebamcl ncscr ncpct ngockfcctbck uktub   penaock pek`eoick`ck iclck iclck cdcr yck` meigl brectgf ic`g `uru. :. Kavg Mestcrgkg Mestcrgkgk`sgl k`sgl.. 9830. ”Xek`eo ”Xek`eoick`c ick`ck k Iclck Cdcr Cdcr ^eoctgb-gkte ^eoctgb-gkte`rctgf  `rctgf  Ieri Ie rics csgs gs Becr Becrgfc gfck k Mabc Mabcmm uk uktu tub b Oekg Oekgk` k`bc bctb tbck ck Bcrcb Bcrcbte terr Xe Xenu numg mg nc nck k ^ck``uk` ^ck` `uk` dcwci‟. Ierncscrbck Ierncscrbck pekemgtgck terseiut terseiut ngbeoubcb ngbeoubcbck ck iclwc iclwc  iclck cdcr teoctgb-gkte`rctgf iericsgs becrgfck majcm pcnc suiteoc ”Mgk` ”Mg k`buk buk`ck `ck ^eopct ^eopct ^gk``c ^gk``cmbu mbu‟‟ tem temcl cl terudg terudg mcycb mcycb nck efebtg efebtgf, f, ocbc ocbc nglc nglcrcp rcpbc bck k `u `uru ru oek` oek``u `ukc kcbc bck k pr pran anub ub ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr ie ierg rgbu butt se seic ic`c `cgg cmterkctgve cmterk ctgve ncmco oekygcpbck oekygcpbck peoiemcdcrck peoiemcdcrck teoctgb-gkte` teoctgb-gkte`rctgf rctgf ngbemcs ngbemcs GV ZN/OG nck ngutcocbck uktub oekgk`bctbck tck``uk` dcwci nck bcrcbter   penumg sgswc. >. Umfg Mubmucl Mubmucl.. 9836. ”pek`eoick ”pek`eoick`ck `ck iclck iclck cdcr teoctgb teoctgb iericsgs iericsgs gsmco gsmco nck becr becrgf gfck ck majc majcmm bemc bemcss GV OGK OGK Ickj Ickjak ak` ` & OGZ OGZ Cmfc Cmfctc tcl l Ngoa Ngoak` k`‟‟  ierncscrbck pekemgtgck terseiut ncpct ngbeoubcbck iclwc iclck cdcr  teoctgb ocopu oeoejclbck ocscmcl pcnc iclck cdcr yck` ngper`ukcbck amel amel `uru `uru.. Xr Xran anub ub pek` pek`eo eoic ick` k`ck ck ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr gk gkgg te temc mcl l oeoe oeoeku kulg lg ba baop opak akek ek be bemcy mcycb cbck ck seic` seic`cg cg ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr yc yck` k` ic icgb gb,, selgk selgk`` ``cc nc ncpc pctt oekcoicl berc`cock suoier iemcdcr teoctgb tepctkyc ngbemcs GV OGK Ickjak` nck OGZ Cmfctcl Ngoak`. 5. Ngcr Ngcr Coesgc Coesgc Crngckg Crngckg.. 9835

 

Ierncs Ier ncscrb crbck ck pekemg pekemgtgck tgck terseiu terseiutt ncpct ncpct ngbeou ngbeoubcb bcbck ck iclwc iclwc iubu iubu cdcr  cdcr  teoctgb iericsgs gsmco nck becrgfck majcm Ocmck` ncpct oeocbsgocmbck  peoclcock sgswc yck` ncpct ngmglct ncrg periencck lcsgm peoclcock ctcu beefebtgfck pcnc sgswc bemcs GV ZNK 9 Bcpulcrda seiemuo nck sesuncl oek``ukcbck iubu cdcr teoctgb yck` ngbeoick`bck amel pekemgtg. J. Berc Berck` k`bc bc Xgbg Xgbgrr

Berck` Ber ck`bc bc Ierpgb Ierpgbgr gr Xekemg Xekemgtgc tgck k ngoumc ngoumcgg nek`ck nek`ck pekemg pekemgtg tg oemcbu oemcbubck bck prc  pekemgtgck ng bemcs GV ZNK GKpres Meu. Xrc pekegtgck gkg ngmcbubck uktub  oeoperamel nctc beiutulck pesertc ngngb nck pateksg yck` cnc ng sebamcl  ierupc iclck cdcr teoctgb iericsgs becrgfck mabcm. Lcsgm ncrg prc pekemgtgck ng ZNK ZN K Gk Gkpr pres es Meu Meu cncm cncmcl cl iclw iclwcc ng se seba bamc mcl l te ters rsei eiut ut,, pe pekn kngn gngb gb ie iemu muo o oek``u oek ``ukcb kcbck ck iclck iclck cdcr cdcr ierics iericsgs gs becrgf becrgfck ck mabcm mabcm pcnc pcnc sui teoc teoc beukgb beukgbck ck ncercl teopct tgk``cmbu. Xekngngb lckyc oek``ukcbck iubu teoctgb jetcb  beoekn beo ekngbi gbiun un seic`c seic`cgg iclck iclck cdcr yck` yck` yck` yck` jekner jekneruk` uk` oekebc oekebckbc kbck k pcnc pcnc  peoiemcdcrck

sejcrc

kcsgakcm,

selgk``c pekngngb iemuo

oeoiergbck

beseopctck bepcnc pesertc ngngb uktub iemcdcr oek`ekcm baksep yck` cnc nek`ck nek `ck becrgfc becrgfck k mabcm mabcm Igoc. Igoc. Cbgict Cbgictkyc kyc sgswc sgswc tgncb tgncb oeogmg oeogmgbg bg beocop beocopuck uck uktu uktub b oek` oek`ek ekcm cm becr becrgf gfck ck mabc mabcmm ng ngse sebg bgtc tcrr te teop opct ct tgk` tgk``c `cmk mkyc yc..

Xc Xcnc nclc lcmm

 peoiemcdcrck nek`ck oek`ekcmbck becrgfck mabcm sck`ct icgb uktub sgswc sebamcl ncscr, bcrekc nek`ck gtu oerebc meigl ouncl oeoclcog octerg yck` ngcdcrbck. Zemcgk gtu, oerebc cbck oeogmgbg wcwcsck meigl ncmco oek`ekcm becrgf bec rgfck ck mabcm mabcm ng sebgtc sebgtcrr teopct teopct tgk`` tgk``cmk cmkyc yc selgk` selgk``c `c oekgoi oekgoiumb umbck ck rcsc jgktckyc bepcnc becrgfck mabcmkyc sekngrg.

>6

 

Ierncs Ier ncscrb crbck ck perocs perocscmc cmclck lck terseiu terseiutt ocbc ocbc scmcl scmcl sctu sctu jcrc yck` yck` ncpct ncpct ngmcbu ngm cbubck bck amel amel pekemg pekemgtg tg ukutb ukutb oek`ct oek`ctcsg csg ocscmc ocscmcl l terseiu terseiutt cncmcl cncmcl nek`ck nek`ck oek`eoick`bck iclck cdcr iericsg becrgfck mabcm. Ncmco pemcsckcckyc pemcs ckcckyc iclck cdcr yck` cbck ngbeoick`bck gkg cbck ngiuct nek`ck oek``ukcbck oanem >N yck` ngcnapsg ncrg ^lgc`crcdck nck Zeooem (370>) yck` terngrg ncrg > tclcp  pek`eoick`ck, ycgtu nefgke nefgke,, nesg`k nesg`k,, nevemap nevemap,, nck ngsseogkcte ngsseogkcte.. Xcnc tclcp nefg nefgke ke  pekemgtg oemcbubck ckcmgsgs beiutulck cwcm nek`ck oemcbubck prc  pekemgtgck ng sebamcl ycgtu oemcbubck wcwckjcrc nek`ck `uru bemcs GV ZNK Gkpres Meu. Lcm gkg ngmcbubck uktub oekncpctbck perocscmclck cwcm yck` ngperamel `uru nck sgswc semcoc peoiemcdcrck nek`ck oek``ukcbck iubu teoctgb pcnc sui teoc beukgbck ncercl teopct tgk``cmbu. Zemckdutkyc yck` ngmcbu ngm cbubck bck amel pekemg pekemgtg tg cncmcl cncmcl ne nefg fgke ke,,  pcnc tclcp gkg pekemegtg oerckjck`  iclck cdcr yck` sesucg nek`ck beiutulck `uru nck sgswc bemcs GV ZNK Gkpres Meu. Iclck cdcr yck` cbck ngbeoick`bck ycgtu iclck cdcr teoctgb iericsgs be becrg crgfc fck k ma majb jbcm cm Ig Igoc oc.. Iclc Iclck k cdcr cdcr gk gkgg se seic ic`c `cgg iu iubu bu pe pekn knco copg pgk` k` nc ncmc mco o  peoiemcdcrck `uru nck sgswc pcnc sui teoc beukgbck ncercl teopct tgk``cmbu. tgk`` cmbu. Zemckdutkyc Zemckdutkyc yck` cbck ngmcbubck ngmcbubck amel pekemgtg pekemgtg cncmcl nevmap nevmap ycgtu  ycgtu  pek`eoick`ck iclck cdcr iericsgs becrgfck mabcm. Xcnc tclcp gkg pekemgtg cbck oeogktc respak ncrg pcrc vcmgnctar ctcu clmg oengc/iclck cdcr, clmg octerg nck  prcbtgsg pekngngbck. Dgbc iclck cdcr yck` ngbeoick`bck amel pekemgtg iemuo oekrcg oek rcgb b oekuru oekurutt vcmgnc vcmgnctar tar ocbc ocbc pekemg pekemgtg tg cbck cbck oerevg oerevgsg sg umck` umck` iclck iclck cdcr  terse terseiu iutt sc scop opcg cg sgcp sgcp ng`u ng`ukc kcbc bck. k. ^clc ^clcp p te terc rcbl blgr gr cn cncm cmcl cl ng ngsse sseog ogkc kcte te ycgtu  pekeyeicrmucsck iclck cdcr nek`ck oemcbubck peoiemcdcrck oek``ukcck

>0

 

 iclck cdcrc teoctgb iericsgs becrgfck mabcm ng sebamcl. Iergbut gkg cncmcl  ic`ck berck`bc peogbgrck yck` ncpct ncpct ngmglct pcnc `coicr 3:.9

 Nefgke (Ckcmgsgs Beiutulck)

Beiutulck uktub oek`eoick`bck Iclck Cdcr Iericsgs Becrgfck Mabcm pcnc peoiemcdcrck sui teoc beukgbck teopct tgk``cmbu

 Nesg`ke

 Nevmap (Xek`eoick`ck) Xranub 4 Vcmgncsg beclmg oengc Vcmncsg be clmg octerg Vcmgncsg be prcbtgsg pekngngbck

Iclck cdcr iericsgs becrgfck mabcm tgncb mcycb ngpericgbg sesucg scrck

Iclck cdcr iericsgs becrgfck mabcm mcycb 

 Gopmeoektcsg  Gopmeoektcsg @coicr 9. 39 Ic`ck berck`bc peogbgrck

><

 

ICI GGG OE^ANE XEKEMG^GCK

C. Dekgs Dekgs Xekemgtgck Xekemgtgck

Dekg Dekgss

oeta oetane ne peke pekemg mgtg tgck ck yck` yck` cb cbck ck ng ng`u `ukc kcbc bck k

cn cncm cmcl cl pe peke kemg mgtg tgck ck

 pek`eoick`ck ctcu ngbekcm nek`ck  Y&N (Yesecrjl ckn Nevemapoekt). Nevemapoekt). Oekurut Oekur ut Zu`gyaka Zu`gyaka ncmco (Oukcwcral (Oukcwcral,, 98304-N ( Faur  Faur N Oanem ). ) . Oane Oanemm >>-N N gk gkgg oeru oerupc pcbc bck k oane oanemm  pek`eoick`ck perck`bct yck` ngscrckbck amel ^lgc`crcdck nck Zeooem (370>) yck` terngrg ncrg > tclcp pek`eoick`ck, ycgtu nefgke nefgke,, nesg`k nesg`k,, nevemap nevemap,, nck ngsseogkcte ngsseogkcte ctcu  ctcu ngcncptcsgbck oekdcng oanem >-X, ycgtu peknefgkgsgck,  perckjck`ck, pek`eoick`ck, nck pekyeicrck. Zejcrc uouo oanem pekemgtgck >N gkg ncpct ncpct ngmglct pcnc `coicr :.3 iergbut4 N E F GK E   N GZ EZ O GK C ^ E NE Z G@ K N E VE M AX O EK ^

@coicr :.3 Nescgk oanem pekemgtgck >N

58

 

J. Xrasenur Xek`eoick`ck Xek`eoick`ck

Xek Xek`eo `eoick` ick`ck ck

iclck clck

cdcr cdcr

teo teoct ctgb gb

ier eri ics csgs gs

be becr crgf gfck ck

ma mab bcm

gk gkgg

oek``ukcbck nescgk pek`eoick`ck >-N tclcpckkyc ycgtu tclcpckkyc ycgtu nefgke, nesg`k,  nesg`k,  nck nevemap.. ^clcp nefgke nevemap nefgke   ycgtu ycgtu tclcp tclcp stung stung pekncl peknclumu umuck, ck, icgb icgb sejcrc sejcrc teargtg teargtgb  b  ocu cupu puk k eop eopgr grgb gb.. ^clcp clcp nesg`k nesg`k   yc ycgt gtu u oerck oerckjc jck` k` oane oanemm nc nck k pr pras asen enur  ur   pek`eoick`ck sejcrc bakseptucm teargtgb. ^clcp nevemap nevemap   ycgtu oemcbubck oemcbubck bcdgck eopgrgb tektck` pek`eoick`ck pranub cwcm, oemcbubck udg jaic, revgsg, nc nck k vc vcmg mgnc ncsg. sg. Nck tclcp tclcp ngsseogkcte ngsseogkcte   ycgtu tclcp pemcbsckcck pemcbsckcck peoiemcdcrck peoiemcdcrck nek`ck nek`c k oek``ukcbc oek``ukcbck k iclck cdcr teoctgb iericsgs becrgfck mabcm. ^clcpck^clcpcktclcpck pek`eoick`ck terseiut cbck ngscdgbck sejcrc rgkjg seic`cg iergbut 4

53

 

Ckcmgsgs Uduk` Nepck N E F G K

Ckcmgsgs Zgswc

Ckcmgsgs ^u`cs

E

Ckcmgsgs Octerg

Zpesgfgbcsg ^uduck Xeoiemcdcrck Xekyusukck ^es

Xeogmglck Oengc

N E Z G @ K

Xeogmglck Faroct Yckjck`ck Cwcm Yevgsg Vcmgncsg Cwcm

Udg Xek`eoick`ck

Yevgsg

N E V M A X

Xerck`bct Icgb  Xekercpck Ckcmgsgs Beocopuck iemcdcr Zgswc nck Lcsgm Yespak

N G Z E Z Z O G K C ^ E

@coicr :.9 Ic`ck ^clcpck Xek`eoick`ck Iclck Cdcr oek``ukcbck Oanem >N

59

 

3. ^clcp nefgke ^cl clcp cp

nefg nefgke ke

oekn oe knefg efgkg kgsgb sgbck ck

gkg gkg

oeru oerup pcbck cbck

sy sycr crctct-sy sycr crct ct

tc tcl lcp

ukt ktu ub

oek eket etcp cpb bck

nck

pe peoi oiem emcdc cdcrc rck. k.

Uktu Uktub b

oeke oeketc tcpb pbck ck

nc nck k

oekektubck sycrct-sycrct peoiemcdcrck ngoumcg nek`ck ckcmgsgs tuduck ncrg  ictcsck octerg yck` ngbeoick`bck perck`bctkyc. ^erncpct 5 mck`bcl  pabab pcnc tclcp gkg ycgtu ckcmgsgs uduk` nepck, ckcmgsgs sgswc, ckcmgsgs octerg, ckcmgsgs tu`cs, nck peruousck tuduck peoiemcdcrck. c. Ckcmgs Ckcmgsgs gs uduk` uduk` nepck nepck Ckcmgsg Ckc mgsgss uduk` uduk` nepck nepck oeogmgb oeogmgbgg tuduck tuduck uktub uktub oeketc oeketcpbc pbck k nck oeoukjumbc oeouk jumbck k ocscmcl ocscmcl ncscr yck` nglcncpg nglcncpg ncmco peoiemcdcrck, peoiemcdcrck, ocbc ngiutu ngi utulbc lbck k suctu suctu pek`eo pek`eoick ick`ck `ck iclck iclck cdcr. cdcr. Cnckyc Cnckyc ckcmgs ckcmgsgs gs uduk` uduk` ne nepc pck k gk gkgg cb cbck ck ngpe ngpera rame mel l `c `coi oicr crck ck fc fcbt btc, c, lc lcrc rcpc pck k nc nck k cm cmter terkc kctg tgf  f  oek`ctcsg ocscmcl ncscr yck` oeoperouncl ncmco oekektubck ctcu oeogmgl iclck cdcr yck` cbck ngbeoick`bck.  i. Ckcmgsgs sgswc Ckcmgsgs sgswc cncmcl tclcp oeopemcdcrg bcrcbtergstgb sgswc, sertc beocop beo copuck uck nck pek`cm pek`cmcock cock sgswc sgswc ng sebamc sebamcl l yck` yck` sgkbra sgkbrak k nek`ck nek`ck nescgk pek`eoick pek`eoick`ck `ck perck`bct perck`bct peoiemcdcrck peoiemcdcrck.. Bcrcbtergstgb Bcrcbtergstgb terseiut terseiut ngcktcrckyc ycgtu mctcr iemcbck` beocopuck cbcneogb (pek`etcluck),  perbeoick`ck ba`kgtgf, nck betercopgmck-betercopgmck gkngvgnu ctcu sasgcm yck` cnc bcgtckkyc nek`ck tapgb peoiemcdcrck, faroct, iclcsc nck oengc oen gc yck` yck` ngpgmg ngpgmgl. l. Ckcmgsg Ckcmgsgss sgswc sgswc ngmcbs ngmcbsckc ckcbck bck uktub uktub oekncp oekncpctb ctbck ck `coicr `co icrck ck bcrcbt bcrcbterg ergstgb stgb sgswc, sgswc, cktcrc cktcrc mcg mcgk4 k4 tgk`bc tgk`bctt beocop beocopuck uck ctcu ctcu

5:

 

 perbeoick`ck gktemebtucmkyc, betercopgmck-betercopgmck gkngvgnu ctcu sasgcm sas gcm yck` yck` suncl suncl ngogmg ngogmgbg bg nck ncpct ncpct ngbeoi ngbeoick` ck`bck bck uktub uktub oekjcp oekjcpcg cg tuduck peoiemcdcrck yck` ngtetcpbck. j. Ckcmgs Ckcmgsgs gs baksep baksep (octer (octerg) g) Ckcmgsgs baksep ngmcbubck uktub gnektgfgbcsg baksep pabab yck` cbck cbc k ngcdcrb ngcdcrbck, ck, pekyus pekyusukc ukckky kkycc ncmco ncmco iektub iektub lgercrb lgercrbgg nck oeouct oeouct baksep-baksep gkngvgnu be ncmco lcm yck` brgtgs nck yck` tgncb remevck. Ckcmgs Ckc mgsgs gs baksep baksep sck`ct sck`ct ngiutu ngiutulbc lbck k uktub uktub gnektg gnektgfgb fgbcsg csg pek`et pek`etclu cluckck pek`etcluck pcnc octerg yck` cbck ngbeoick`bck. Ckcmgsgs baksep oeru oe rupc pcbc bck k su suct ctu u mck` mck`bc bcl l yc yck` k` pe pekt ktgk gk` ` `u `ukc kc oemek oemek`b `bcp cpgg pr prgk gksgp sgp bejubupck ncmco oeoick`uk baksep ncrg octerg-octerg yck` ng`ukcbck seic`cg cmct uktub oekjcpcg baopeteksg ncscr nck stckncr baopeteksg. Ckcmgs Ckc mgsgs gs yck` yck` permu permu ngmcbu ngmcbubck bck gcm gcmcl cl ckcmgsg ckcmgsgss stckncr stckncr baopet baopeteks eksgg nck baopet bao peteks eksgg ncscr ncscr yck` yck` tuduck tuduckkyc kyc ycgtu ycgtu uk uktub tub oekekt oekektubc ubck k dekgs dekgs nck  duomcl

iclck

cdcr,

sertc

oek`ckcmgsgs

suoier

iemcdcr

ycbkg

oek`uopum oek`u opumbck bck nck oek`gnektg oek`gnektgfgbcsg fgbcsg suoier-suoi suoier-suoier er ockc scdc yck` oeknubuk` ncmco pekyusukck iclck cdcr. n. Ckcm Ckcmgs gsgs gs tu`c tu`css ^udu duck ck

ncr crgg

ckcm ckcmgs gsgs gs

bete beterc rcop opgm gmck ck-b -bet eter erco copg pgmc mck k

tu tu` `cs

yck` yck`

yc ycgt gtu u

cb cbck ck

ukt ktu ub

ng ngbc bcdg dg

oek oek`g `gn nek ektg tgfg fgb bcs csgg

am amel el

pe peke kemg mgtg tg

nc nck k

oek`ckcmgsg oek`c kcmgsgss bencmco bencmco bemaopab bemaopab betercopgmc betercopgmck k tcoiclck tcoiclck yck` ouk`bgk ouk`bgk ngiutulbck amel sgswc. e. Xeruou Xeruousck sck tuduck tuduck peoiem peoiemcdc cdcrck rck

5>

 

Xeruousck tuduck peoiemcdcrck ierfuk`sg uktub oerck`buo lcsgm ckcmgs ckc mgsgs gs baksep baksep nck ckcmgs ckcmgsgs gs tu`cs tu`cs uktub uktub oekekt oekektubc ubck k pergmcb pergmcbu u aideb  aideb   pekemgtgck. Buopumck ncrg aideb pekemgtgck terseiut seic`cg ncscr uktub   pekyusukck tes nck perckjck`ck perck`bct peoiemcdcrck yck` cbck ng`ukcbck amel pekemgtg. 9. ^clcp nesg`k ^clcp ^cl cp perckj perckjck` ck`ck ck tudckk tudckkyc yc cncmcl cncmcl uktub uktub perckj perckjck` ck`ck ck perck` perck`bct bct  peoiemcdcrck. Cnc > mck`bcl yck` lcrus ngmcbubck pcnc tclcp gkg, ycgtu4  pekyusukckck stckncr tes, peogmglck oengc yck` sesucg nek`ck bcrcbtergstgb  octerg nck tuduck peoiemcdcrck, peogmglck faroct ycgtu oek`bcdg faroctfaroct iclck cdcr yck` cnc nck oeketcpbck faroct iclck cdcr yck` cbck ngbeoick`bck, oeoiuct rckjck`ck cwcm sesucg faroct yck` ngpgmgl. c. Xekyus Xekyusukc ukck k tes cjuck cjuck pctabc pctabck k Xekyusukck

tes

cjuck

pctabck

cncmcl

mck`bcl

yck`

oek``ciuk`bck tclcp peknefgkgsgck (nefgke) nek`ck tclcp perckjck`ck (nesg`k nesg`k). ). ^es cjuck cjuck pctabc pctabck k tersusu tersusuk k ierncs ierncscrb crbck ck spesgfg spesgfgbcsg bcsg tuduck tuduck  peoiemcdcrck nck ckcmgsgs sgswc, yck` beoungck ngsusuk nek`ck bgsg-bgsg tes lcsgm iemcdcr. ^es yck` ngbeoick`bck terseiut sesucg nek`ck dekdck` be beoc ocop opuc uck k ba ba`k `kgt gtgf gf.. Xeoi Xeoierg ergck ck sbar sbar lc lcsgm sgm ne nek` k`ck ck oek` oek``u `ukc kcbc bck k  pcknuck evcucsg yck` oeouct bukjg nck penaock penaock peksbarck setgcp iutgr  sacm.

 i. Xeogmglck oengc

55

 

Xe Xeog oggl glck ck

oeng oengcc

iert iertud uduc uck k

uk uktu tub b

oek` oek`gn gnek ektg tgfg fgbc bcsg sg

oeng oengcc

 peoiemcdcrck yck` remevck nek`ck bcrcbtergstgb octerg. Xeogmglck oengc cncmcl cnc mcl uktub uktub oekyes oekyesucg ucgbck bck ckcmgs ckcmgsgs gs ba baksep ksep nek`ck nek`ck ckcmgsg ckcmgsgss tu`cs, tu`cs, bcrcbtergstgb tcr`et pek``ukc, sertc rekjckc pekyeicrck nek`ck jgrg yck`  iervcrgcsg ncrg oengc yck` ierienc-ienc. Lcm terseiut ierockfcct uktub  oeoi oe oier ergg

nubu nubuk` k`ck ck

sg sgsw swcc

ncmc ncmco o

pe pekj kjcp cpcg cgck ck

ba baop opet etek eksg sg

nc ncsc scr, r,

ocbsunkyc cncmcl peogmglck oengc ngmcbsckcbck uktub oeocbsgocmbck  pek``ukcck iclck cdcr ncmco prases pek`eoick`ck iclck cdcr pcnc  peoiemcdcrck ng bemcs. j. Xeog Xeogmg mglc lck k faroc faroctt Ncmc Nc mco o

pek` pek`eo eoic ick` k`ck ck

perc perck` k`bc bctt

peoi peoiem emcd cdcr crck ck,,

ng ngmc mcbu bubc bck k

 peogmglck faroct uktub oerckjck` ctcu oeknescgk gsg peoiemcdcrck,  peknebctck, peogmglck strcte`g, oetane peoiemcdcrck, nck suoier   iemcdcr. Xeogmglck faroct sesucg nek`ck brgtergc oekcrgb, oeoicktu nck oeoperouncl ncmco peoiemcdcrck. n. Yckjck Yckjck`ck `ck cwcm cwcm Yckj Yc kjck ck`c `ck k be besem semur urul ulck ck pe perck rck`b `bct ct pe peoi oiem emcd cdcr crck ck yc yck` k` lc lcru russ ngberdcbck seiemuo oemcbubck udg jaic. Yckjck`ck cwcm du`c oemgputg  ieric`cg cbtgvgtcs peoiemcdcrck yck` terstrubtur sepertg wcwckjcrc, oeoicjc tebs, nck prcbteb beocopuck peoiemcdcrck.

:. ^clcp nevemap

56

 

^clcp pek`eoick`ck oerupcbck tclcp uktub oek`lcsgmbck pranub   pek`eoick`ck nek`ck oemcmug nuc mck`bcl, ycgtu4 pekgmcgck clmg yck` nggbutg nek`ck revgsg, nck udg jaic prcbtgs sbcmc bejgm. ^clcp pek`eoick`ck gkg iertud iertuduck uck uktub uktub oek`lc oek`lcsgmb sgmbck ck iektub iektub cblgr cblgr perck` perck`bct bct peoiem peoiemcdcr cdcrck ck setemcl oemcmug revgsg sesucg nek`ck ckdurck pcrc pcbcr clmg ctcu prcbtgsg nck nctc lcsgm udg jaic. c. Vcmgnc Vcmgncsg sg clmg/ clmg/prc prcbtg btgsg sg Evcmucsg yck` cbck ngiergbck amel pcrc clmg ctcu prcbtgsg oek`ekcg  perck`bct peoiemcdcrck ycgtu oekjcbup faroct, iclcsc, gmustrcsg nck gsg. Ierncs Ier ncscrb crbck ck ckdurc ckdurck k yck` yck` ngierg ngiergbck bck amel amel pcrc pcrc clmg, clmg, beoung beoungck ck octerg octerg  peoiemcdcrck ngrevgsg c`cr oekdcng meigl tepct, efebtgf, ouncl ng`ukcbck nck oeogmgbg bucmgtcs tebkgb yck` tgk``g.  i. Udg prcbtgs (sbcmc bejgm) Ngmcbubckkyc udg jaic uktub oekncpctbck ocsubck yck` ncpct  ierupc recbsg, respak, baoektcr sgswc tektck` iclck cdcr ngsusuk. >. ^clcp Ngsessogkcte ^clcp ngss ngsseo eogk gkct ctee cn cncm cmcl cl tc tclc lcp p pe pemc mcbs bsck ckcc cck k ct ctcu cu pe peke kercp rcpck ck  peoiemcdcrck nek`ck oek``ukcbck iclck cdcr yck` temcl ngbeoick`bck ngse ngsert rtcg cg nek` nek`ck ck peoi peoier ergc gck k

ck`b ck`bet et re resp spak ak sgsw sgswcc pc pcnc nc pe pemc mcbs bsck ckcc cck k

 peoiemcdcrck, peoiergck ck`bet cbtgvtcs `uru nck sgswc sertc peoiergck sacm evcmucsg pcnc sgswc uktub oek`etclug bemcycbck nck beefebtgfgtcsck  iclck cdcr yck` ngcdubck.  Beo Beoung ungck ck oek`ud oek`udgg beefeb beefebtgf tgfckk ckkyc yc nek`ck nek`ck oek``ukcbck pekgmcgck lcsgm iemcdcr sgswc uktub oek`etclug lcsgm iemcdcr 

50

 

sgswc. Cpcigmc iclck cdcr yck` temcl ngbeick`bck oeoperamel beefebtgfck ncmco peoiemcdcrck ocbc semckdutkyc yck` ngmcbubck cncmcl pekyeicrmucsc  iclck cdcr nek`ck sbcmc yck` iescr be sebamcl-sebamcl yck` mcgk. N. Dek Dekgs gs Nctc Nctc

Nctc oerupcbck sebuopumck fcbtc tektck` suctu fekaoekc, icgb ierupc ck`bc (igmck`ck) ctcupuk ierupc bcte`arg yck` ncpct ngamcl oekdcng gkfarocsg. Dekgs Dek gs nctc nctc ncmco ncmco pek`eo pek`eoick ick`ck `ck iclck iclck cdcr cdcr gkg cncmcl cncmcl nctc nctc bucmgt bucmgtctgf ctgf nck bucktgtctgf. c. Nctc Nctc buc bucmg mgtct tctgf  gf  Nctc bucmgtctgf cncmcl nctc yck` ngbcte`argbck ierncscrbck bucmgtcs aideb aid eb yck` yck` ngtemgt ngtemgtg, g, sepertg sepertg icgb, icgb, iurub, iurub, nck seic`c seic`cgky gkyc. c. Xcnc Xcnc tclcp tclcp vcmgncsg clmg, nctc bucmgtctgf iercscm ncrg brgtgb, scrck, nck baoektcr ncrg  pcrc clmg terlcncp iclck cdcr. Zenck`bck pcnc udg jaic mcpck`ck, nctc bucmgtctgf iercscm ncrg dcwcick pcnc scct oek`gsg iubu cbtgfgtcs sgswc.  i. Nctc bucktgtctgf  Nctcc bucktg Nct bucktgtctg tctgff cncmcl cncmcl nctc nctc yck` yck` ierlui ierluiuk` uk`ck ck nek`ck nek`ck ck`bcck`bcck`bc ctcu igmck`ck, icgb yck` ngperamel ncrg lcsgm pek`uburck ocupuk ngpe ngpera rame mel l nc ncrg rg lc lcsg sgmm pe pek` k`ub ubur urck ck ocup ocupuk uk ng ngpe pera rame mel l ne nek` k`ck ck dc dcmck mck oek`uicl nctc bucmgtctgf oekdcng bucktgtctgf. Nctc bucktgtctgf ngperamel ncrg pek`uopumck pek`uopumck gkstruoekt gkstruoekt nctc ierupc ierupc ck`bc ck`bc yck` nglcsgmbck nglcsgmbck ncrg  pranub iclck cdcr terseiut.

E. Gkst Gkstruoe ruoek k Xek`uopumck Xek`uopumck Nctc

5<

 

Xekemgtgck pek`eoick`ck gkg oek``ukcbck gkstruoekt pek`uopumck nctc yck` ierupc ck`bet ctcu bugsgaker, aiservcsg, nck lcsgm pre-test lcsgm pre-test nck past-test. c. Ck`b Ck`bet et (bug (bugsga sgake ker) r) Ck`bet ctcu bugsgaker oerupcbck tebkgb pek`uopumck nctc yck` ngmcbubck nek`ck jcrc oeoierg seperck`bct pertckycck ctcu pertckycck tertumgs bepcnc respaknek uktub ngdcwcikyc. Ck`bet ng`ukcbck uktub  oek`uo oek `uopu pumbc mbck k nctc-nc nctc-nctc tc sejcrc sejcrc meigl meigl mek`bc mek`bcp p tektck tektck` ` vcmgnc vcmgncsg sg clmg clmg octerg,, clmg oengc, clmg peoiemcdcrck octerg peoiemcdcrck nck prcbtgsg ycgtu `uru bemcs, sertc ck`bet pek`cmcock nck pekncpct sgswc tektck` pek``ukcck iclck cdcr  teoctgb iericsgs becrgfck mabcm terseiut.  i. Pcwckjcrc Pcwckj Pcw ckjcrc crc ng`ukc ng`ukcbck bck seic`c seic`cgg tebkgb tebkgb pek`uo pek`uopum pumck ck nctc nctc uktub  uktub  oekemgtg bakngsg cwcm uktub oekeoubck perocscmclck yck` cbck ngtemgtg. Pcwckjcrc ngmcbubck nek`ck oewcwckjcrcg pekngngb tektck` cnckyc scrckc nck prcscrckc yck` cnc ng sebamcl sepertg, burgbumuo, suoier   iemcdcr, yck` ng`ukcbck amel pekngngb. Ncmco wcwckjcrc gkg pekemgtg oeoiergbck 6 iutgr pertckycck be `uru octeoctgbc bemcs GV.   Aiservcsg ncpct oek`ckcmgsgs beiutulck ncrg becncck ng mcpck`ck (sebamcl) yck` cbck ngdcngbck iclck cwcm uktub pek`eoick`ck iclck cdcr. cdcr . j. ^es pekj pekjcpc cpcgck gck peoc peoclco lcock ck ctcu ctcu pre-test   pre-test  nck past-test   nck past-test  Xeoclc Xeo clcock ock sgswc sgswc nck beefeb beefebtgf tgfck ck iemcdc iemcdcrr sgswc sgswc oek``u oek``ukcb kcbck ck  iclck cdcr teoctgb iericsgs becrgfck mabcm ncpct ngbetclug oemcmug tes

57

 

 peramelck lcsgm peoclcock nek`ck jcrc oeoickngk`bck lcsgm  pre-test  nck past-test. nck  past-test.   n. Nabu Nabuoe oekt ktcs csgg Wcgtu

cmct

icktu

yck`

cbck

ng`ukcb cbcck

pekem emggtg

ncmco

oek`uopumbck nctc. Nabuoektcsg ncmco pekemgtgck ierupc fata-fata nck vgnea scct oemcbubck udg jaic pranub. F. ^ebkgb ^ebkgb Ckcmgs Ckcmgsgs gs Nctc Nctc

Zetemcl nctc ngbuopumbck, nctc gtu permu ngamcl ctcu ngckcmgsgs. ^ebkgb  ckcmgsgs nctc yck` ng`ukcbck ncmco pekemgtgck gkg ycgtu oek``ukcbck ckcmgsgs nesbrg ptgf nck ckcmgsgs udg-^. benuc tebkgb gkg ng`ukcbck sesucg bcrcbtergstgb  nctc yck` ngperamel ncrg prases pek`uopumck nctc. c. Ckcm Ckcmgsg gsgss Nesbr Nesbrgp gptg tgf  f  Ckcmgsg Ckc mgsgss nesbrg nesbrgptg ptgff ngmcbu ngmcbubck bck nek`ck nek`ck oeknes oeknesbrg brgpsg psgbck bck seouc seouc  pekncpct, scrck, nck tck``cpck vcmgnctar yck` ngncpct ncrg meoicr brgtgb  nck scrck. Nctc yck` ngperamel ncrg ck`bet oerupcbck nctc bucmgtctgf yck` ngbucktgtctgfbck oek``ukcbck sbcmc mgbert yck` ierbrgtergc mgoc tgk`bct beoungck ngckcmgsgs oemcmug perlgtuk`ck presektcsg sbar gteo pcnc setgcp  dcwcick ncrg setgcp pertckycck ncmco ck`bet. Zbar pekgmcgck ncrg tgcp  pgmglck dcwcick ncpct ngmglct ncmco tciem iergbut4 ^ciem :.3 Zbar pekgmcgck ck`bet Zbar Bcte`arg 5 > : 9 3

Zck`ct Icgb (ZI) Icgb (I) Jubup Icgb (JI) ^gncb Icgb (^I) Zck`ct ^gncb Icgb  

68

 

Uktub Ukt ub oekekt oekektubc ubck k presek presektcse tcse terseiu terseiutt ncpct ncpct ng`ukc ng`ukcbck bck ruous ruous seic`cg iergbut4 X?

∓x  x 388% ∓ xg

Beterck`ck4 X ? Xersektcse bemcycbck ∓x ? Duomcl tatcm sbar dcwcick vcmgnctar (kgmcg kyctc) ∓xg ? Duomcl tatcm sbar dcwcick tertgk``g (kgmcg lcrcpck) 388% ? Igmck`ck bakstck Ncmco Ncm co peoier peoiergck gck ocbkc ocbkc nck pek`co pek`coigm igmck ck beputu beputusck sck tektck tektck` ` bucmgtcs bucmg tcs pranub pranub iclck cdcr ng`ukcbck ng`ukcbck bucmgfgbcsg bucmgfgbcsg yck` oeogmgbg brgtergc  iergbut4

Ka.

3.

^cime :.9 Brgtergc Bevcmgnck Ierncscr Xersektcse Yctc-rctc Ierncscrbck Zbcmc Mgbert. Zbcmc ^gk`bct Bucmgfgbcsg Beterck`ck Kgmcg Xekjcpcgck (Zbar) 5

63-3-68%

Jubup Icgb

>.

9

93->8%

Burck` Icgb

5.

3

=98%

Zck`ct Burck` Icgb 

Burck` mcycb/tgncb   vcmgn/permu revgsg ^gncb mcycb/tgncb   vcmgn/permu revgsg Zck`ct tgncb   mc mcyc ycb b/sck /sck` `ct tgn tgncb  vcmgn/permu revgsg

63

 

Brgtergc bevcmgnck4 c. Cpcigm Cpcigmcc lcsgm lcsgm ckcmgsg ckcmgsgss oeoper oeoperame amel l brgterg brgtergcc C (8 (93->8%) %) ocbc ocbc  iclck cdcr terseiut bucmgfgbcsgkyc burck` icgb uktub ng`ukcbck ncmco peoiemcdcrck. e. Cpci Cpcigm gmcc lc lcsgm sgm ck ckcm cmgs gsgs gs oeop oeoper eram amel el br brgt gter ergc gc E (=98 (=98%) %) ocbc ocbc  iclck cdcr terseiut bucmgfgbcsgkyc sck`ct burck` icgb uktub  ng`ukcbck ncmco peoiemcdcrck. Ze Zeiu iucl cl iclc iclck k cdcr cdcr yck` yck` ng ngbe beoi oick ck`b `bck ck am amel el pe peke kemg mgtg tg cb cbck ck ngkyct ngk yctcbc cbck k mcycb mcycb uktub uktub ng`uk ng`ukcbc cbckdg kdgbc bc tgk`bc tgk`bctt pekjcp pekjcpcgc cgckky kkycc oeoekulg brgtergc meigl nccrg 63% ncrg semurul uksur yck` terncpct nc ncmc mco o ck ck`b `bet et pe pekg kgmc mcgck gck vc vcmg mgnc ncsg sg cl clmg mg oeng oengcc , cl clmg mg octe octerg, rg, cl clmg mg  peoiemcdcrck, prcbtgsg nck sgswc. Ncmco pekemgtgck gkg, iclck cdcr  yck` ngiuct lcrus oeoekulg brgtergc vcmgn/mcycb. Amel bcrekc gtu

69

 

ngmc ngmcbu bubc bck k

revg revgsg sg

cp cpci cigm gmcc

ocsg ocsgl l

ie iemu muo o

oeoe oeoeku kulg lg

br brgt gter ergc gc

vcmgn/mcycb.  i. Ckcmgsgs udg ^ (t-test) Udg Udg t cn cncm cmcl cl suctu uctu tes tes stct stctgs gstg tgb b yck ck` ` oeou eouk` k`bg bgk kbck bg bgtc tc oeoickngk`bck nuc sbar rctc-rctc yck` ng peramel ncrg periencck kyctc nu nucc

bema emaopa pab. b. Xcn cncc

udg jai jaic

mc mcpc pck k`c `ck k

nct ctcc

ngl glgo gop puk ne nek` k`ck ck

oek``ukcbck ck`bet nck tes beterjcpcgck peoclcock ( pre-test  nck past  nck pasttest ). ). Nctc udg jaic mcpck`ck ngbuopumbck nek`ck oek``ukcbck  pre-test  nck  past-test   nc ncmc mco o rck`b rck`bcc uk uktu tub b oek` oek`et etcl clug ug tgk` tgk`bc bctt pe peoc oclc lcoc ock k bema bemaop opab ab sc scsc scrc rck k udg udg jaic jaic ycgt ycgtu u be bemc mcss GV se seie iemu muo o nc nck k se sesu sunc ncl l oek``ukcbck pranub pek`eoick`ck iclck cdcr teoctgb iericsgs becrgfck mabcm. mab cm. ^ebkgb ^ebkgb ckcmgsc ckcmgsc nctcky nctckycc oek``u oek``ukcb kcbck ck ake `raup `raup pre-testnesg` pre-testnesg`k. k. Nescgk gkg ncpct ng`coicrbck seic`cg iergbut4

@coicr :.: nescgk ckcmgsgs nctc Beterck`ck4 \ 4 Xeoiemcdcrck oek``ukcbck iclck cdcr  A3 4 Kgmcg pre test (seiemuo ngierg ngbmct) 89 4 Kgmcg past test(sesuncl ngierg ngbmct) Ierncscrbck lcsgm ckcmgsgs oek``ukcbck ckcmgsgs pre-test nck pasttest, ocbc ng`ukcbck t-test uktub oeoperbuct nctc. ^ebkgb ckcmgsgs nctckyc oek``ukcbck ake `raup pre-test past-test nesg`k. nesg`k. Cncpuk

6:

 

ruouss yck` ng`ukcbck nek`ck tgk`bct beocbkcck ruou beocbkcck 8,85 seic`cg seic`cg  iergbut.  

t ?

N

  ∔ n  K ( K ∙3) 9

∔

Beterck`ck4 t 4 Udg-t N 4 Ngfferekt (\9-\3) 9 n  4 Vcrgcsg

 K 4 Duomcl Zcopem Uktub Ukt ub oek`et oek`etclu clugg cpcbcl cpcbcl cnc perien periencck cck cktcrc cktcrc seiemu seiemuo o nck sesuncl sesu ncl oek``u oek``ukcb kcbck ck pranub pranub iclck cdcr, cdcr, ocbc ocbc lcsgm lcsgm udg jaic jaic ngsickngk` ttciem nek`ck tcrcf 8,85 ctcu 5% cncmcl seic`cg iergbut4 L8 4 ^gncb ^gncb cnc periencc periencck k yck` yck` sg`kgf sg`kgfgbc gbck k (5%) (5%) cktcrc cktcrc seiemuo seiemuo nc nck k se sesu sunc ncl l oek` oek``u `ukc kcbc bck k ic iclc lck k cd cdcr cr te teoc octg tgb b ie ieri ricsg csgss becrgfck mabcm. L3 4 Cnc Cnc pe peri rien encc cck k yc yck` k` sg`k sg`kgfg gfgbc bck k (5 (5%) %) ck cktcr tcrcc se seie iemu muo o nc nck k sesuncl oek``ukcbck iclck cdcr teoctgb iericsgs becrgfck mabcm. Xek`coigmck beputusck4 3. Dgbc Dgbc tl tlgt gtuk uk` ` ; ttci ttciem em,, oc ocbc bc lc lcsgm sgmky kycc sg`kg sg`kgfg fgbc bck, k, crtgk crtgkyc yc L3 ngtergoc. 9. Dgbc Dgbc tlgtuk tlgtuk` ` = ttciem ttciem,, ocbc ocbc lcsgmk lcsgmkyc yc kaksg` kaksg`kgf kgfgbc gbck, k, crtgkyc crtgkyc L3 ngtamcb.

6>

 

NCF^CY XUZ^CBC

Coesgc, Ngcr. 983