PRACTICAS DE Transist ANALOGICA
November 18, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
ZPÄGXLGDW
HN
NONGXP×ELGD
DEDO×MLGD
Gursb;
Ebi`rns y dpnoolhbs;
Ebtd;
.
Angfd; ..
ZPÄGXLGD v tlpb DD y
•
4
•
4 Pnoì hn 0 glrgultbs hn 1 v
4 [ui`dhbr
4 Pnslstnegld 77: C℡
0 Pnslstnegld 7: C℡
•
•
pbrtdplods.
•
Hlbhb ONH rbkb.
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0 Pnslstnegld 4> C℡ 4 Pnslstnegld 1¸6 C℡
•
4
Hlbhb ONH vnrhn. 4 Hlbhb 4E8::=
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•
•
0 trdeslstbrns @G>8=
•
4
OHP
•
4
Gbehnesdhbr 8=: οA
•
0
Gbehnesdhbr 4:: οA
•
4
Gbehnesdhbr 8= οA
•
•
•
•
•
4 Pnslstnegld 0¸0 C℡
4 Pnslstnegld 4¸6 C℡
0 Pnslstnegld 00: ℡
4 puosdhbr ED
A^EHDINEXB XN×PLGB Od levnegl÷e hno trdeslstbr ne 48=.
No trdeslstbr nstd abridhb pbr od uel÷e hn trns snilgbehugtbrns. Zunhn snr EZE b ZEZ. Ne eunstrb gdsb sbe EZE.
Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
4-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
Xlnen trns pdtloods; Nilsbr, @dsn y
Gbongtbr.
Wb`rn
su
gdrgdsd
negbetrnibs nsgrltb su ebi`rn b rnanrnegld. Nstn ns su séi`bob. Od letneslhdh netrd ne no trdeslstbr pbr no gbongtbr ( G) y sdon pbr no nilsbr ( N ). Od letneslhdh qun netrd pbr od `dsn ( @) hno trdeslstbr ns od rnspbesd`on hn
gbetrbodr no aueglbedilnetb hno trdeslstbr, punhn gbipbrtdrsn gbib ue LEXNPP^ZXBP b gbib ue DIZOLALGDHBP. Fdy qun dedolzdr gdhd trdeslstbr hnetrb hno glrgultb ne no qun sn negunetrd, hn ibhb qun, hnpnehlnehb hn od letneslhdh qun netrd pbr su `dsn (L@) sn gbipbrtdrä gbib ue LIXNPP^ZXBP ( qun sn d`rn b sn glnrrd netrn gbongtbr y nilsbr) b gbib ue DIZOLALGDHBP (qun hnkd pdsdr ids b inebs letneslhdh hn gbongtbr d nilsbr, hnpnehlnehb hno vdobr hn od L@)
LEXNPP^ZXBP -Letnrruptbr
gudehb
-Zbr inhlb hn ued pnqunôd gbrrlnetn
dgnptd-
dpolgdhd d od `dsn (L@ ) sn punhn
`oninetn dotd ne od `dsn (L@) no
gbetrbodr od letneslhdh qun sdon hno
trdeslstbr sn gbipbrtd gbib ue
trdeslstbr pbr no nilsbr ( LN ). (Ne nilsbr
dpolgdibs
Gnrrdhb;
DIZOLALGDHBP
ued
gbrrlnetn
letnrruptbr gnrrdhb.
gbiûe ( LN ~9
ΰ L @ slnehb ΰ od mdedegld hno
trdeslstbr, sunon snr ne tbreb d 4::)
EB
-Nstb slmelalgd qun pnqunôds gbrrlnetns
dpolgdibs gbrrlnetn ne od `dsn (L@9:) sn gbipbrtd gbib ue letnrruptbr
sn punhne trdesabridr ne btrds iäs aunrtns. Gudehb dpolgdibs ued snôdo d
d`lnrtb.
od netrdhd b`tnehrnibs d od sdolhd btrd
-Letnrruptbr
D`lnrtb;
gudehb
hn od ilsid abrid pnrb hn idybr Dipolalgdgl÷e dipoltuh Dipolalgdgl÷e GDPDGXNPÉWXLGDW GDPDGXNP ÉWXLGDW HN E^NWXPB XPDEWLWXBP; @G>8=
Xlpb ; EZE LGIdx 9 4:: iD ZIdx9 >:: i] QGNBidx9 8> v ΐ9 fAN5 44: Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
0-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
WLI^ODGL×E 4; NO XPDEWLWXBP GBIB LEXNPP^ZXBP Qdibs d utlolzdr no prbmrdid Grbgbhlon Golps fdglnehb golg ne su lgbeb ; ; Grbggolp.nxn
4. 4. Lelgld Lelgld no prbmrdid y ibetd obs slmulnetns glrgultbs; 0. 0. Hnsgrl`n Hnsgrl`n qun sugnhn gudehb glnrrds L4; ... ... ... ...
7. 7. ²Wn ²Wn neglnehn no Onh rbkb2............................ 8. 8. Idrgd Idrgd gbe gbobr dzuo od `dsn hno trdeslstbr. ²Netrd letneslhdh pbr od `dsn hno trdeslstbr2 Lehlgd no vdobr hn od letneslhdh hn od `dsn
L@ 9.. >. Hnsgrl`n qun sugnhn gudehb glnrrds L4; ... ... ... ...
1. 1. ²Wn ²Wn neglnehn no Onh rbkb2............................ =. =. ²Tuì ²Tuì elvno hn tnesl÷e fd`rä ne od `dsn hno trdeslstbr2 ²Netrd letneslhdh pbr od `dsn2 Lehlgd su vdobr L@ 9.. No trdeslstbr d`lnrtb. aueglbed gbib ue letnrruptbr d`lnrtb. 6. Hnsgrl`n qun sugnhn gudehb glnrrd L4; ... ... ... ... ...
. ²Tuì btrds dpolgdglben dpolgdglbenss punhns lidmledrtn pdrd nstn gglrgultb2 lrgultb2.................................. .................................. .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ A^EGLBEDILNEXB; Gudehb sn gbrtd no gd`on sn hlspdrd od dodrid y sn neglnehn no Onh. Xdi`lìe pbhnibs gbengtdr ue zui`dhbr gbib snôdo hn dodrid. Ilnetrds tnenibs gbengtdhb no gd`on netrn obs puetbs D y @, od letneslhdh hn `dsn L@9: y no
trdeslstbr sn gbipbrtd gbib ue letnrruptbr d`lnrtb.
Gudehb ob gbrtdibs, netrd letneslhdh pbr od `dsn y no trdeslstbr sn gbipbrtd gbib ue letnrruptbr gnrrdhb y no onh sn neglnehn. Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
>-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
Wl no zui`dhbr engnsltd qun pdsn ued letneslhdh iuy nonvdhd, hn`nibs utlolzdr ue PNOÌ gbib sn lehlgd ne no slmulnetn glrgultb;
A^EGLBEDILNEXB;
Gudehb sn gbrtd no gd`on b, pbr nknipob, sn d`rn od punrtd hno gbgfn b ued vnetded gbe ue slstnid hn dodrid, no trdeslstbr sn gbipbrtd gbib ue letnrruptbr gnrrdhb, hnkd pdsdr od letneslhdh qun dgtlvd do rnoì y nstn fdgn qun no zui`dhbr b dodrid sunen.
Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
1-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
IBEXDKN E» 0; LEXNPP^ZXBP HN F^INHDH. Zbhnibs utlolzdr nstn ibetdkn pdrd vlmlodr qun ued od tlnrrd hn ued idgntd nstì sualglnetninetn fûinhd. Wl no onh eb sn louiled, fd`rä pbgd fuinhdh y fd`rä qun rnmdrod. 4. 4. Gbmn Gbmn ued podgd prbtb`bdrh y obs gbipbenetns engnsdrlbs. 0. 0. Ibetd no glrgultb ne od podgd. Gbengtd prlinrb obs gbipbenetns y hnspuìs rndolzd ods gbenxlbens gbe obs gd`ons. Zbr ûotlib, gbengtd od plod.
Gbenxl÷e hno Xrdeslstbr @G>8=
7. 7. Letrbhugn obs nxtrnibs hn obs gd`ons ne dmud b gbo÷gdobs ne domb fûinhb y idetneobs snpdrdhbs inhlb gnetéintrb. ²Wn neglnehn no Onh2 ²Zbr quì2 .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ 8. ²Tuì btrds dpolgdglben dpolgdglbenss punhns lidmledrtn pdrd nstn gglrgultb2 lrgultb2.................................. .................................. .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ A^EGLBEDILNEXB; Wl hbs obs gd`ons nstäe snpdrdhbs eb punhn oonmdr letneslhdh fdstd od `dsn hno trdeslstbr. Znrb, gudehb gbobgdibs obs gd`ons pr÷xlibs ne ue inhlb fûinhb dipolalgd (duinetd) gbehugtbr, punhn pdsdr ued pnqunôd letneslhdh. No trdeslstbr dipolalgd nstd letneslhdh qun ns iuy pnqunôd y pnriltn qun no onh sn neglnehd.
Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
=-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
LEXNPP^ZXBP HN F^INHDH GBE IBEXDKN HDPOLEMXBE Wl od letneslhdh qun oonmd d od `dsn hno trdeslstbr ns iuy pnqunôd y, ns pbsl`on qun no onh sn louilen pbgb. Ne nstn gdsb snréd engnsdrlb dipolalgdr iäs od gbrrlnetn. Zbhnibs duinetdr ebtd`oninetn od dipolalgdgl÷e hno glrgultb gbe ue ibetdkn Hdrolemtbe. No ibetdkn Hdrolemtbe gbeslstn ne gbengtdr hbs
trdeslstbrns ne snrln hn ibhb qun iuotlpolgdibs sus mdedeglds. Wl gbe eunstrb trdeslstbr tlnen hn mdedegld ΰ94:: iuotlpolgd od pnqunôd letneslhdh qun oonmd d od ΰ▫ L@. `dsn pbr 4::, b snd LN 9 ΰ▫ L
Gbe no ibetdkn Hdrolemtbe, od mdedegld snrä iugféslib idybr pbrqun;
ΰX 9 ΰ4 ▫ ΰ0 9 4:: ▫4:: 9 4:.:::
>. >. Ibetd no glrgultb ne od podgd. Gbengtd prlinrb obs gbipbenetns y hnspuìs rndolzd ods gbenxlbens gbe obs gd`ons. Ob ûotlib ne gbengtdr ns od plod.
1. 1. Letrbhugn obs nxtrnibs hn obs gd`ons ne dmud b gbo÷gdobs ne domb fûinhb y idetneobs snpdrdhbs inhlb gnetéintrb. ²Wn neglnehn no Onh2 ²Zbr quì2 ²Wn louiled iäs b inebs qun detns2 .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................
Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
6-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
IBEXDKN E» 7; LEXNPP^ZXBP XDGXLO. Fdy letnrruptbrns tägtlons ne tbhb tlpb hn dpdrdtbs nongtr÷elgbs; nongtr÷elgbs; tnonvlslbens, idehbs d hlstdegld, pdetdoods tägtlons hn leabridgl÷e,ebs pnriltne dfbrrdr ue letnrruptbr ingäelgb (qun ns ids gdrb y sn dvnréd detns) y inkbrde od nstìtlgd hno dpdrdtb. 4. 4. Gbmn Gbmn ued podgd prbtb`bdrh y obs gbipbenetns engnsdrlbs. 0. 0. Ibetd no glrgultb ne od podgd. Gbengtd prlinrb obs gbipbenetns y hnspuìs rndolzd ods gbenxlbens gbe obs gd`ons. Zbr ûotlib, gbengtd od plod.
Gbenxl÷e hno Xrdeslstbr @G>8=
7. 7. Xbgd gbe ue hnhb obs gbetdgtbs D y @, sle qun nstbs sn tbqune. ²Wn neglnehn no Onh2 ²Zbr quì2 ........................................... ............................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ A^EGLBEDILNEXB; Ne nstn ibetdkn ns sualglnetn tbgdr obs gbetdgtbs D y @ gbe ue hnhb. Od rnslstnegld hn ue hnhb sngb ns tde nonvdhd qun s÷ob hnkd pdsdr ued gbrrlnetn iuy hì`lo, pbr ob qun snrä engnsdrlb dipolalgdrod iugfb. Zdrd nsb utlolzdibs ue ibetdkn Hdrolemtbe Hdrolemtbe.. Gbe nstn ibetdkn od gbrrlnetn hno nilsbr hno prlinr trdeslstbr slrvn hn gbrrlnetn hn `dsn pdrd no snmuehb trdeslstbr. No ibetdkn Hdrolemtbe gbeslstn ne gbengtdr hbs trdeslstbrns ne snrln hn ibhb qun iuotlpolgdibs sus mdedeglds. Wl gbe eunstrb trdeslstbr tlnen hn mdedegld ΰ94:: iuotlpolgd od pnqunôd letneslhdh qun oonmd d od `dsn ΰ▫ L@. pbr 4::, b snd LN 9 ΰ▫ L
Gbe no ibetdkn Hdrolemtbe, od mdedegld snrä iugféslib idybr pbrqun;
ΰX 9 ΰ4 ▫ ΰ0 9 4:: ▫4:: 9 4:.::: Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
8=
8. 8. Gbobgdehb no glrgultb d poned ouz, glnrrd no letnrruptbr. ²Wn neglnehn no Onh2 ²Zbr quì2................................................................................ quì2.................................. ................................................................................................ .................................................. .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ >. >. Ne Ne nstds gbehlglbens, ilhn gbe no vbotéintrb od tnesl÷e qun fdy netrn od `dsn y no nilsbr hno trdeslstbr. Q
@N 9..Wl
ns leanrlbr d :¸= v no trdeslstbr eb gbehugn
(letnrruptbr d`lnrtb) y no onh EB sn louiled. 1. 1. Gbobgd no hnhb sb`rn od OHP, sliuodehb bsgurlhdh y glnrrd no letnrruptbr. ²Wn neglnehn no Onh2 ²Zbr quì2............................................................................................. quì2........................................................ ..................................... .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ =. =. Ne Ne nstds gbehlglbens, ilhn gbe no vbotéintrb od tnesl÷e qun fdy netrn od `dsn y no nilsbr hno trdeslstbr. Q @N 9..Wl ns supnrlbr d :¸= v , no trdeslstbr gbehugn (letnrruptbr gnrrdhb) y no onh sn louiled. Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
4:-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
A^EGLBEDILNEXB; Gudehb od OHP rngl`n ouz, hlsileuyn su rnslstnegld (tnehrä ue vdobr hn vdrlbs C ), pbr ob qun ne no hlvlsbr hn tnesl÷e abridhb pbr P4 y OHP, prägtlgdinetn tbhd od tnesl÷e hn od plod nstdrä ne nxtrnibs hn P4 y gdsl edhd ne nxtrnibs hn od OHP. Ne nstds gbehlglbens od tnesl÷e ne od `dsn hno trdeslstbr snrä iuy pnqunôd (leanrlbr d :,= v), eb netrd gbrrlnetn pbr od `dsn y no trdeslstbr eb gbehugn (letnrruptbr d`lnrtb). Gudehb od ouz hlsileuyn, od rnslstnegld hn od OHP duinetd (punhn oonmdr d vdonr vdrlbs glnetbs hn C ) pbr ob qun od gdéhd hn tnesl÷e ne od OHP duinetd ob sualglnetn pdrd qun od tnesl÷e ne od `dsn snd idybr hn :¸= v y oonmun gbrrlnetn d od `dsn hno trdeslstbr, gbehuzgd y sn neglnehd no hlbhb ONH.
Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
44-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
IBEXDKN E» >; HNXNGXBP HN O^[. Gudehb hntngtd ouz, no glrgultb neglnehn ue onh. Zbhréd utlolzdrsn gbib snôdo hn dodrid ne oumdrns hbehn ns engnsdrld od bsgurlhdh b gbib lehlgdhbr hn qun ued punrtd b vnetded sn fd d`lnrtd lekustlalgdhdine lekustlalgdhdinetn. tn. 4. 4. Gbmn Gbmn ued podgd prbtb`bdrh y obs gbipbenetns engnsdrlbs. 0. 0. Od Od rnslstnegld OHP rnslstnegld OHP vdréd vdréd su vdobr ne auegl÷e hn od ouz qun rngl`n; hlsileuyn su vdobr ÷filgb do duinetdr od ouz qun ouz qun leglhn sb`rn nood. Wn niponde gbib snesbrns hn ouz, `drrnrds abtbnoìgtrlgds. Zdrd gbiprb`drob, ibetd od OHP sb` rn od podgd prbtb`bdrh y utlolzdehb no vbotéintrb ilhn su rnslstnegld d poned ouz. Pnpltn od inhlgl÷e tdpäehbod gbe no hnhb. P gbe ouz 9
3 P sle ouz 9
7. 7. Ibetd no glrgultb ne od podgd. Gbengtd prlinrb obs gbipbenetns y hnspuìs rndolzd ods gbenxlbens gbe obs gd`ons. Zbr ûotlib, gbengtd od plod. Gbenxl÷e hno Xrdeslstbr @G>8=
8. Gbobgd no hnhb sb`rn od OHP, sliuodehb bsgurlhdh y glnrrd no letnrruptbr. ²Wn neglnehn no Onh2 ²Zbr quì2............................................................................................. quì2.................................................... ......................................... .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................................................................... >. >. Ne Ne nstds gbehlglbens, ilhn gbe no vbotéintrb od tnesl÷e qun fdy netrn od `dsn y no nilsbr hno trdeslstbr. Q
@N 9.. Wl
ns supnrlbr d :¸= v , no trdeslstbr gbehugn
(letnrruptbr gnrrdhb) gnrrdhb) y no onh sn louiled. 1. 1. Gbobgdehb no glrgultb d poned ouz, glnrrd no letnrruptbr. ²Wn neglnehn no Onh2²Zbr quì2................................................................................ quì2.................................. ................................................................................................ .................................................. .......................................................................... ............................ ................................................................ .............................................. .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ =. =. Ne Ne nstds gbehlglbens, ilhn gbe no vbotéintrb od tnesl÷e qun fdy netrn od `dsn y no nilsbr hno trdeslstbr. Q
@N 9.. Wl
ns leanrlbr d :¸= v no trdeslstbr eb gbehugn
(letnrruptbr d`lnrtb) y no onh EB sn louieled. Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
40-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
6. 6. Pnpltn Pnpltn no ilsib glrgultb utlolzdehb ue Pnoì y ue zui`dhbr.
. >. Gdi`ld no gbehnesdhbr pbr btrb hn 8= οA. ²Tuì gdi`lbs b`snrvds ne no aueglbedilnetb aueglbedil netb hno glrgultb2 ........................................ ..................................................................................... ..................................................... ........ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ 1. 1. ^tlolzdehb ^tlolzdehb no prbmrdid Grbgbhlon Golps, sliuod nstn glrgultb y gbiprun`d su gbrrngtb aueglbedilnetb. =. Qdréd no vdobr hn od gdpdglhdh hno gbehnesdhbr. ²Tun gdi`lbs b`snrvds gbe rnspngtb d obs btrbs ibetdkns2 ²G÷ib dangtd no vdobr hno gbehnesdhbr do tlnipb hn hnsgbenxl÷e hnsgbenxl÷ e hn od oäipdrd2....................................................................................... oäipdrd2......................................... .................................................... ...... ........................................... ............................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ................................................ =. =. ²Negunetrds ²Negunetrds domued dpolgdgl÷e d nstn glrgultb2 ...................................... ........................................................... ..................... .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
48-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
A^EGLBEDILNEXB; Do prleglplb, no onh nstä dpdmdhb, yd qun pbr od `dsn hno trdeslstbr eb glrguod gbrrlnetn y nstn sn gbipbrtd gbib ue letnrruptbr d`lnrtb. Gudehb puosdibs Z4, no gbehnesdhbr gbilnezd d gdrmdrsn. Päplhdinetn, dogdezdibs ued tnesl÷e hn :¸= v ne od `dsn hno trdeslstbr, netrd letneslhdh pbr od `dsn hno trdeslstbr y gbehugn, pbr ob qun no hlbhb onh sn neglnehn. Gudehb sbotdibs no puosdhbr, od gdrmd doidgnedhd ne no gbehnesdhbr pnriltn, pbr ue tlnipb, qun no trdeslstbr gbetleûn gbehuglnehb, ilnetrds qun od tnesl÷e ne od `dsn hno trdeslstbr snd sualglnetn. Gudetb idybr snd od gdpdglhdh hno gbehnesdhbr, iäs gdrmd pbhrä doidgnedr y iäs tlnipb tdrhdrä ne hnsgdrmdrsn.
Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
4>-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
IBEXDKN E» =; GLPG^LXB LEXNPILXNEXN (BWGLODHBP). Gudehb gnrrdibs no letnrruptbr, obs hbs onh gbilnezde d negnehnrsn y dpdmdrsn dotnredtlvdinetn. Nstn glrgultb punhn snr utlolzdhb gbib letnriltnetn gbe oäipdrds b gbib mnenrdhbr hn lipuosbs. Zbhnibs vdrldr od vnobglhdh gbe qun sn dpdmde y neglnehne obs onh, gdi`ldehb od gdpdglhdh hn obs gbehnesdhbrns b sus rnslstneglds. 4. 4. Gbmn Gbmn ued podgd prbtb`bdrh y obs gbipbenetns engnsdrlbs. prlinrb rb obs gbipbe gbipbenetns netns y hnspuìs rndolzd 0. 0. Ibetd Ibetd no glrgultb ne od podgd. Gbengtd prlin ods gbenxlbens gbe obs gd`ons. Zbr ûotlib, gbengtd od plod. Gbenxl÷e hno Xrdeslstbr @G>8=
7. Hnsgrl`n no aueglbedi aueglbedilnetb lnetb hno glrgultb. ....................................... ...................................................................... ............................... .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ 8. ²Tuì btrds dpolgdglben dpolgdglbenss punhns lidmledrtn pdrd nstn gglrgultb2 lrgultb2.................................. .................................. ........................................... ............................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ >. >. ^tlolzdehb ^tlolzdehb no prbmrdid Grbgbhlon Golps, sliuod nstn glrgultb y gbiprun`d su gbrrngtb aueglbedilnetb. 1. 1. Qdrldehb od gdpdglhdh hn obs gbehnesdhbrns G4 b G0 gdi`ldräs od vnobglhdh ne qun bsglode obs onh. Gdi`ld ueb hn obs gbehnesdhbrns pbr btrb hn 8=: οA. ²Tuì gdi`lbs b`snrvds ne no glrgultb2 .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ =. Qdrldehb ods rnslstneglds P0 y P7 tdi`lìe pbhräs dotnrdr od vnobglhdh ne qun bsglode obs onh. Ibhlalgd su vdobr pbr 7: C . ²Tuì gdi`lbs b`snrvds ne no glrgultb2 .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ .......................................................................................... ........................................... ............................................................................................... ................................................ Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
41-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
Zrägtlgds hn Nongtr÷elgd Dedo÷mlgd
Gnetrb hn Zrbansbrdhb hn G÷rhb`d
A^EGLBEDILNEXB; Wupbemdibs qun do prleglplb X4 gbehugn, H4 nstä negnehlhb y X0 eb gbehugn. Ne nstn gdsb, no gbehnesdhbr G0 sn nstdrä gdrmdehb d trdvìs hn od rnslstnegld P8. Gudehb aledolgn su gdrmd hnkdrä hn pdsdr letneslhdh d trdvìs hn ìo (*letnrruptbr d`lnrtb) y no trdeslstbr X4 hnkdrä hn gbehuglr pbrqun eb on oonmd sualglnetn gbrrlnetn d od `dsn. Gudehb hnkd hn gbehuglr X4 gbilnezd d gdrmdrsn no gbehnesdhbr G4, no trdeslstbr X0 gbilnezd d gbehuglr y no hlbhb H0 sn neglnehn. No tlnipb qun tdrhd ne gdrmdrsn ue gbehnesdhbr hnpnehn tdetb hno vdobr hn su gdpdglhdh gbib hno vdobr hn od rnslstnegld hn gdrmd. Wl, pbr nknipob, duinetdibs no vdobr hn G0 b P8, no onh H0 pnridengnrä ids tlnipb negnehlhb qun no H4.
X4 gbehugn, H4 negnehlhb y G0 ne gdrmd.
Hnsgdrmd hno gbehnesdhbr G0.; Gudehb X0 gbehugn, no gbehnesdhbr G0 sn hnsgdrmd d trdvìs hn od rnslstnegld P7 y hno trdeslstbr X0. Gudetb idybr snd od rnslstnegld P7 iäs räplhb sn hnsgdrmdrä no gbehnesdhbr. Wn hniunstrd qun, tdetb no vdobr hn ods rnslstneglds P0 y P7, gbib d gdpdglhdh hn obs gbehnesdhbrns G4 y G0, leaouyne ne od vnobglhdh hn negnehlhb y dpdmdhb hn obs
hlbhbs. ne gbrrlnetn gbetleud, gudehb sn nstä gdrmdehb sn gbipbrtd gbib ue letnrruptbr gnrrdhb y gudehb gbegouyn su gdrmd, gbib ue letnrruptbr d`lnrtb. * ^e gbehnesdhbr
Detbelb Ibydeb Gdôntn
4=-4=
Kbsì Detbelb Mbezäonz Drlzd
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