PH y pOH

August 10, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Wlpugbi`o Gjbivorioeo cl Vlelzulbo Nieistlrij clb ]jclr ]jpubor poro bo Lcu`o`iðe \.L.@.] ‒Flrnîe Sjrj„ Orourl ‐ ]jrtuaulso

Lquibigrij clb ]H y bo vico le lb pboelto

]rjflsjro;

Lstucioetl;

-Niboarjs @oclvibbo

-Kjsé Puorlz 3tj oÿj ‒@„

79 cl noyj cl 7=7=

Ietrjcu``iðe;

 

Le lstl trogokj prj`lclré o hogbor sjgrl bj qul ls lb pH y pJH su inpjrtoe`io y poro qul sl uso, oclnïs hogborl sjgrl bj qul ls bo cls`jnpjsi`iðe quîni`o y lb lquibigrij quîni`j y ciflrletls fo`tjrls qul bos ofl`toe o ongos. @ogl nle`ijeor qul ls ue tlno ietlrlsoetl y nuy inpjrtoetl poro bj qul ls bo rono cl bo quîni`o le sî.

 pH y pJH.

 

pH; Lb pH ls ueo nlcico cl o`iclz o`iclz j  j ob`obieicoc ob`obieicoc cl  cl ueo cisjbu`iðe. Lb pH ieci`o bo `je`letro`iðe cl ijels cl hicrðalej hicrðalej prlsletls  prlsletls le cltlrnieocos cisjbu`ijels. Bo siabo siaei`o pjtle`iob cl hicrðalej j pjt pjtle`iob le`iob cl hicrjaleijels hicrjaleijels..

Inpjrtoe`io; Lb sîngjbj sîngjbj pH  pH ls ubizocj nueciobnletl poro ho`lr rlflrle`io o bo fðrnubo clb pjtle`iob cl hicrðalej hicrðalej (H),  (H), ls cl`ir bo `oecoc cl hicrðalej qul lxistl le ueo sjbu`iðe. Lb pH ls sunonletl inpjrtoetl poro `jej`lr

bos `oro`tlrîs`os cl `oro`tlrîs`os cl ciflrletls lblnletjs y ongiletls yo qul sl `jesiclro qul le lspo`ijs sunonletl ob`obiejs j sunonletl ï`icjs ej ls pjsigbl bo lxistle`io cl vico pjr bo obsino j gokîsino prlsle`io cl hicrðalej.

pJH; Lb pJH (j pjtle`iob JH) ls ueo nlcico cl bo gosi`icoc j ob`obieicoc cl ueo cisjbu`iðe.

Lb pJH ieci`o

bo `je`letro`iðe

cl

ijels

hicrjxibj TJH^ prlsletls le ueo cisjbu`iðe.

Lb pJH sl ci cifl flrl rle` e`io io clb ]H pjrqul Lb pH nicl bos `je`letro`ijels cl bjs ijels cl hicrjalej, niletros qul lb pJH nicl bos `je`letro`ijels cl bjs oeijels hicrjxibj j ijels hicrðxicj. hicrðxicj.

Inpjrtoe`io; @jnj yo soglnjs lb pJH ls lb bjaoritnj elaovj cl bo `je`letro`iðe cl ijels hicrðxicj, ls nuy ûb poro `jej`lr lb ovoe`l cl ueo rlo``iðe, lb pj cl `jnpulstjs prlsletls le ueo nlz`bo, osî `jnj `jej`lr lb pH, aro`ios o bo fðrnubo; ?3> pH+ pJH, sl clsplko. Ls û ûbb le s si` i`j j qu quîn îni` i`o o yo qu qul l cé lb pj pjcl clnj njss `j `jej ej`l `lrr bo o` o`ic icls ls j gosi`icoc cl ueo nlz`bo, y le `osjs nïs lxtrlnjs pulcls `jej`lr hosto

 

lb plsj njbl`ubor cl ueo sustoe`io `je sjbj `jej`lr su pJH, `borj `je bos fjrnubos plreletls y ocl`uocos.

Ls`obo clb pH; Bo ls`obo cl pH nicl lb arocj cl o`iclz cl ue jgkltj. Bjs jgkltjs qul ej sje nuy ï`icjs sl bbonoe gïsi`js. Bo ls`obo lel vobjrls qul voe clb `lrj (lb vobjr nïs ï`icj) ob ?3 (lb nïs gïsi`j). Sob `jnj pulcls jgslrvor le bo ls`obo cl pH qul oporl`l orrigo, lb oauo puro lel ue vobjr cl pH cl 1.

@otobizocjr; \e `otobizocjr ls ueo sustoe`io qul sl pulcl oÿocir o ueo rlo``iðe poro ounl ou nlet etor or bo vlbj vlbj`i `ico coc c cl rl rlo` o``i `iðe ðe sie sie slr slr `j `jes esun unic ico o le lb pr prj` j`ls lsj. j. Bjss `o Bj `oto tobi bizo zocj cjrl rlss o` o`lb lblr lroe oe ue ueo o rlo` rlo``i `iðe ðe ob cisn cisnie ieui uirr bo le lelr lraî aîo o cl o`vo`iðe j ob `ongior lb nl`oeisnj cl rlo``iðe.

Fo`tjrls qul ofl`toe bo ropiclz cl ueo rlo``iðe quîni`o; Lxistle vorijs fo`tjrls qul ofl`toe bo vlbj`icoc cl ueo rlo``iðe quîni`o; bo `je`letro`iðe cl bjs rlo`vjs, bo tlnplroturo, bo lxistle`io cl `otobizocjrls y bo suplr`il cl `jeto`tjs toetj cl bjs rlo`vjs `jnj clb `otobizocjr. @jnj yo nle`ijel bjs `otobizocjrls sje bos sustoe`ios qul pulcle ounletor j cisnieuir bo vlbj`icoc cl rlo``iðe.

Lquibigrij _uîni`j; Le ue prj`lsj quîni`j, sl clel `jnj lb lstocj le lb qul bos o`vicocls quîni`os j bos `je`letro`ijels quîni`os j `je`letro`ijels cl  cl bjs rlo`vjs y bjs prjcu`tjs ej lele eieaûe `ongij eltj. Ejrnobnletl, lstl slrîo lb lstocj qul sl prjcu`l `uoecj ueo rlo``iðe rlvlrsigbl lvjbu`ijeo ho`io oclboetl le bo nisno prjpjr`iðe qul su rlo``iðe ievlrso. Bo vlbj`icoc cl rlo``iðe cl rlo``iðe cl bos rlo``ijels cirl`to l ievlrso pjr bj alelrob ej sje `lrj, plrj, si ongos sje iauobls, ej hoy `ongijs eltjs le `uobquilro cl bos `je`letro`ijels cl bjs rlo`vjs j prjcu`tjs. Lstl prj`lsj sl clejnieo lquibigrij cieïni`j. cieïni`j.

 

Fo`tjrls qul ofl`toe lb lquibigrij quîni`j; Cl bjs fo` fo`tjr tjrls ls qul of ofl`t l`toe oe bo vlb vlbj`i j`icoc coc cl ueo rlo rlo``i ``iðe, ðe, sjb sjbonl onlet etl l obtlroe lb puetj cl lquibigrij cl ci`ho rlo``iðe; bo `je`letro`iðe cl bos sustoe sus toe`io `ioss iev ievjbu` jbu`roc rocos os le bo rlo rlo``i ``iðe, ðe, bo prl prlsið siðe, e, `uo `uoecj ecj rlo rlo`v `vjs js y prjcu`tjs sje aosls y bo tlnplroturo. @uoecj bo `je`letro`iðe cl ueo cl bos sustoe`ios le ue sistlno le lquibigrij sl `ongio, lb lquibigrij vorîo cl tob fjrno qul pulco `jnplesor lstl `ongij. ]jr lklnpbj, si sl ounleto bo `je`letro`iðe cl uej cl bjs rlo``ijeoetls, lb lquibigrij sl clspbozo ho`io bo clrl`ho j ho`io lb bocj cl bjs prjcu`tjs. Bo vo vori rio` o`ið iðe e cl lq lqui uibi bigr grij ij `ous `ousoc oco o pj pjrr ue `o `ong ngij ij cl tlnp tlnplr lrot otur uro o clpl cl plec eclr lrï ï cl si bo rl rlo` o``i `iðe ðe tob tob `j `jnj nj ls lstï tï ls`r ls`rit ito o ls lx lxjt jtér érni ni`o `o,, j lecjtérni`o.

Wlo``ijels Lxjtérni`os  Pi bo rlo``iðe ls lxjtérni`o sl pulcl `jesiclror ob `objr `jnj uej cl bjs prjcu`tjs, pjr bj qul ob ounletor bo b o tlnplroturo lb lquibigrij sl clspbozo ho`io bo izquilrco.

Wlo``ijels Lecjtérni`os Pi bo rlo``iðe ls lecjtérni`o, lb `objr sl `jesiclro `jnj ue rlo`vj . ]jr bj toetj, si sl ounleto bo tlnplroturo sl fovjrl`l ue clspbozoniletj clb lquibigrij ho`io bo clrl`ho y si sl cisnieuyl, ho`io bo izquilrco. Pi sl ounleto bo prlsiðe cl ue sistlno le lquibigrij, lb lquibigrij sl clspbozorï cl fjrno qul cisnieuyo lb vjbunle bj nïxinj pjsigbl, ls cl`ir, le lb slecj qul obivil bo prlsiðe.

Lklnpbj cl bo ropiclz cl bo cls`jnpjsi`iðe clb plrðxicj cl hicrjalej (Oauo Jxialeoco) Lb plrðxicj cl hicrðalej (H7J7) ls ue bîquicj ielstogbl qul sl cls`jnpjel le jxîalej y oauo `je biglro`iðe cl `objr. Ouequl ej ls ieonogbl, ls ue pjtletl oaletl jxicoetl qul pulcl `ousor `jngusðe lspjetïelo `uoecj letro le `jeto`tj `je notlrio jraïei`o. \e lklnpbj slrio `uoecj Lb oauo jxialeoco sl cls`jnpjel, aro`ios o bo soea so earl rl,, le oa oauo uo y jx jxia iale lej j ao aosl sljs jsj j (qul (qul fjrn fjrno o bo ls lspu puno no gboe gboe`o `o). ). ]jclnjs rl`jej`lr lb jxîalej si o`lr`onjs ueo `lribbo. Bjs clstlbbjs cl

 

buz sl prjcu`le pjr bo `jngusðe clb jxîalej otropocj le bo lspuno gboe`o.

@je`busiðe.

 

Le `je`busiðe, ejs pjclnjs qulcor `je bjs puetjs oprlecicjs le lstl trogokj, clsto`oecj bj inpjrtoetl qul sje toetj pH `jnj pJH poro bo nlci`iðe cl bos `je`letro`ijels cl ijels cl hicrjalej l hicrðxicj `jnj tongiée cl bos `je`letro`ijels cl oeijels cl hicrjxibj. Songiée nle`ijeor bj qul sje bos rlo``ijels quîni`os y qul sie corejs `uleto j`urrle le eulstro vico ciorio osî `jnj tongiée clb lquibigrij quîni`j.

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