Nebosh International Diploma Syllabus Guide

March 7, 2017 | Author: ghulammohyuddin | Category: N/A
Share Embed Donate


Short Description

Download Nebosh International Diploma Syllabus Guide...

Description

August 2011

Guide to NEBOSH International Diploma in Occupational Health and Safety

= =

=

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=íáíäÉW=kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó== sÉêëáçåW=O= péÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçå=Ç~íÉW=^ìÖìëí=OMNN= dìáÇÉ=éìÄäáÅ~íáçå=Ç~íÉW=j~ó=OMNO= = qÜÉ=k~íáçå~ä=bñ~ãáå~íáçå=_ç~êÇ=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=Ekb_lpeFI= açãáåìë=t~óI=jÉêáÇá~å=_ìëáåÉëë=m~êâI=iÉáÅÉëíÉê=ibNV=NntK=== = oÉÖáëíÉêÉÇ=`Ü~êáíó=kìãÄÉêW=NMNMQQQ= = = qÉäÉéÜçåÉW==HQQ=EMF=NNS=OSP=QTMM= c~ñW=============HQQ=EMF=NNS=OUO=QMMM======= bã~áäW==========áåÑç]åÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâ======== tÉÄëáíÉW======ïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâ== =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN= = faáé=ORMQNO==îO=

dìáÇÉ= íç= íÜÉ= kb_lpe= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= aáéäçã~= áå= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = `çåíÉåíë= =

NK 

fåíêçÇìÅíáçå= NKN=  _ÉåÉÑáíë=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉêë NKO  =mêçÑÉëëáçå~ä=ãÉãÄÉêëÜáé NKP  nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=äÉîÉä=~åÇ=rh=~ÅÅêÉÇáí~íáçå NKQ  hÉó=íçéáÅë=ÅçîÉêÉÇ NKR  `çìêëÉ=íìáíáçå=~åÇ=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë NKS  råáí=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë NKT  båíêó=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë NKU=  jáåáãìã=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=çÑ=båÖäáëÜ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=Ñçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë NKV=  iÉÖáëä~íáçå NKNM  iÉÖáëä~íáîÉ=ìéÇ~íÉë NKNN  k~íáçå~ä=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=pí~åÇ~êÇë=EklpF=~åÇ=ÄÉëí=éê~ÅíáÅÉ NKNO  nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=íóéÉ NKNP  nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=éêçÖêÉëëáçå NKNQ  mêçÖê~ããÉë=çÑÑÉêÉÇ=Äó=kb_lpeJ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë NKNR  bñ~ãáå~íáçå=Ç~íÉë NKNS  péÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçå=Ç~íÉ NKNT  póää~Äìë=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=~åÇ=êÉîáÉï NKNU  cìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë NKNV  cìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñçê=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë

N  1  2  2  2  2  3  3  4  4  4  4  5  5  5  5  5  5  6  6 

OK 

nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=ëíêìÅíìêÉ= OKN  råáí=~ëëÉëëãÉåí OKO  råáí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ OKP=  ^ÅÜáÉîáåÖ=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå OKQ  råáí=é~ëë=ëí~åÇ~êÇ OKR  råáí=ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉë OKS  lîÉê~ää=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=Öê~ÇÉë OKT  lîÉê~ää=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉë OKU  oÉJëáííáåÖ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë

T  7  8  8  9  9  9  9  9 

PK 

mçäáÅáÉë= PKN  oÉèìÉëíë=Ñçê=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=~ÇàìëíãÉåíë PKO  oÉèìÉëíë=Ñçê=ëéÉÅá~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå PKP  båèìáêáÉë=~Äçìí=êÉëìäíë=~åÇ=~ééÉ~äë PKQ  j~äéê~ÅíáÅÉ

= = =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN= =

NN  11  11  11  12 

QK=  póää~Äìë=J=kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

NP 

QKN  =råáí=f^W==fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=====~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó= bäÉãÉåí=f^NW  mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí bäÉãÉåí=f^OW  içëë=Å~ìë~íáçå=~åÇ=áåÅáÇÉåí==áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå bäÉãÉåí=f^PW  jÉ~ëìêáåÖ=~åÇ=êÉîáÉïáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó====éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ bäÉãÉåí=f^QW  fÇÉåíáÑóáåÖ=Ü~ò~êÇëI=~ëëÉëëáåÖ=~åÇ=Éî~äì~íáåÖ====êáëâë bäÉãÉåí=f^RW  oáëâ=`çåíêçä bäÉãÉåí=f^SW  lêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë bäÉãÉåí=f^TW  eìã~å=Ñ~Åíçêë bäÉãÉåí=f^UW  oÉÖìä~íáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó

NT  17  21  23  25  27  29  32  35 

QKO  =råáí=f_W==fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=====~ÖÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= PT  bäÉãÉåí=f_NW  mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=ÅçåíêçäI=íçñáÅçäçÖó=~åÇ====ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖó 37  bäÉãÉåí=f_OW  e~ò~êÇçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=Ó====~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâ 40  bäÉãÉåí=f_PW  e~ò~êÇçìë= ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë= Ó= ÉåÖáåÉÉêáåÖ= Åçåíêçäë= = = = ~åÇ= éÉêëçå~ä= éêçíÉÅíáîÉ= ÉèìáéãÉåí 43  bäÉãÉåí=f_QW  jçåáíçêáåÖ=~åÇ=ãÉ~ëìêáåÖ 45  bäÉãÉåí=f_RW  _áçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë 48  bäÉãÉåí=f_SW  mÜóëáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=N=Ó=åçáëÉ=~åÇ=îáÄê~íáçå 50  bäÉãÉåí=f_TW  mÜóëáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=O=Ó=ê~Çá~íáçå 54  bäÉãÉåí=f_UW  mëóÅÜçJëçÅá~ä=~ÖÉåíë 57  59  bäÉãÉåí=f_VW  jìëÅìäçëâÉäÉí~ä=êáëâë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë bäÉãÉåí=f_NMW  tçêâ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=êáëâë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë 61  bäÉãÉåí=f_NNW  j~å~ÖáåÖ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ 64  QKP  råáí=f`W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí====ë~ÑÉíó= bäÉãÉåí=f`NW  dÉåÉê~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=áëëìÉë bäÉãÉåí=f`OW  mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÑáêÉ=~åÇ=Éñéäçëáçå bäÉãÉåí=f`PW  tçêâéä~ÅÉ=ÑáêÉ=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí bäÉãÉåí=f`QW  píçê~ÖÉI=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=~åÇ=éêçÅÉëëáåÖ=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉêçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë bäÉãÉåí=f`RW  tçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=EÖÉåÉê~äF bäÉãÉåí=f`SW  tçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=Eïçêâéä~ÅÉ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêóF bäÉãÉåí=f`TW  tçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=EãçÄáäÉI=äáÑíáåÖ=~åÇ=~ÅÅÉëëF bäÉãÉåí=f`UW  bäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ë~ÑÉíó bäÉãÉåí=f`VW  `çåëíêìÅíáçå=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë bäÉãÉåí=f`NMW    tçêâéä~ÅÉ=íê~åëéçêí=~åÇ=ÇêáîáåÖ=Ñçê=ïçêâ bäÉãÉåí=f`NNW  mêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉã=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë

SS  66  69  72  75  78  80  84  86  89  91  93 

QKO  råáí=faW=^ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=íÜÉçêó=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ= QKOKN =mìêéçëÉ=~åÇ=~áã QKOKO =j~êâáåÖ QKOKP =^ëëÉëëãÉåí=äçÅ~íáçå QKOKQ =pìÄãáëëáçå=çÑ=ÅçãéäÉíÉÇ=ïçêâ QKOKR =cìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå

VR  95  96  96  96  96 

RK 

p~ãéäÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉêë= RKN  råáí=f^W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó RKO  råáí=f_W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=~ÖÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ RKP  råáí=f`W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí ë~ÑÉíó

«=kb_lpe=OMNN= =

VT  97  101  105 

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

NK= =

fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=

qÜÉ= kb_lpe= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= aáéäçã~= áë= íÜÉ= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= Ñçê= ~ëéáêáåÖ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= éêçÑÉëëáçå~äëI= ÄìáäÇáåÖ= ÇáêÉÅíäó= ìéçå= íÜÉ= ÑçìåÇ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= éêçîáÇÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= kb_lpe= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= dÉåÉê~ä= `ÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉK= = qÜÉ= aáéäçã~= áë= ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ= íç= éêçîáÇÉ= ëíìÇÉåíë= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= ÉñéÉêíáëÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ìåÇÉêí~âÉ=~=Å~êÉÉê=~ë=~=ë~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉê=~åÇ=~äëç=éêçîáÇÉë=~= ëçìåÇ=Ä~ëáë=Ñçê=éêçÖêÉëëáçå=íç=éçëíÖê~Çì~íÉ=ëíìÇóK== = qÜÉ= kb_lpe= k~íáçå~ä= aáéäçã~= áë= íÜÉ= Ñä~ÖëÜáé= kb_lpe= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= áë= íÜÉ= Ñáêëí= rh= îçÅ~íáçå~ä=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=íç=ÄÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~ääó=Ñçê=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éêçÑÉëëáçå~äëK==páåÅÉ=áíë= áåíêçÇìÅíáçå= áå= NVUUI= íÜÉ= k~íáçå~ä= aáéäçã~= Ü~ë= ÄÉÅçãÉ= Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇ= ~ë= íÜÉ= ãçëí= éçéìä~ê= éêçÑÉëëáçå~ä= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= Ñçê= ë~ÑÉíó= ~åÇ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= éê~ÅíáíáçåÉêë= áå= íÜÉ= rhI= ïáíÜ= çîÉê= NMIMMM= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=Ü~îáåÖ=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇ=íÜÉ=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåK=== = qÜÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áë=ãçÇÉääÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=k~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= p~ÑÉíóK= = qÜÉ= âÉó= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ= ÄÉíïÉÉå= íÜÉ= íïç= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåë= áë= áå= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~Äáäáíó= çÑ= äÉÖ~ä= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíëK=o~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=ÄÉ=ÖìáÇÉÇ=Äó=~=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~ääó=rh=Ñê~ãÉïçêâI=íÜÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~= í~âÉë=~=êáëâ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=~ééêç~ÅÜ=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=ÄÉëí=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=~åÇ=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ëí~åÇ~êÇëI=ëìÅÜ=~ë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçå= EfilF= ÅçÇÉë= çÑ= éê~ÅíáÅÉI= ïáíÜ= ëéÉÅá~ä= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ãçÇÉä= éêçéçëÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= filDë= ?dìáÇÉäáåÉë= çå= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= p~ÑÉíó= ~åÇ= eÉ~äíÜ= j~å~ÖÉãÉåí= póëíÉãë?= EfilJlpe= OMMNFK= içÅ~ä= ä~ïë= ~åÇ= Åìäíìê~ä= Ñ~Åíçêë= Ñçêã= é~êí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ëíìÇó= éêçÖê~ããÉ= ïÜÉêÉ= êÉäÉî~åí=~åÇ=~ééêçéêá~íÉK=

NKN== _ÉåÉÑáíë=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉêë= = aÉëéáíÉ= íÜÉ= áåÅêÉ~ëáåÖ= ÖäçÄ~ä= êÉÅçÖåáíáçå= çÑ= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ~í= ïçêâI= ~ÅÅáÇÉåíë=~åÇ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=ÅçåíáåìÉ=íç=~ÑÑÉÅí=~ää=íóéÉë=çÑ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉë=~åÇ=çÅÅìé~íáçåëK= qÜÉ= fil= Éëíáã~íÉë= íÜ~í= SIPMM= éÉçéäÉ= ÇáÉ= Ç~áäó= ~ë= ~= êÉëìäí= çÑ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ~ÅÅáÇÉåíë= çê= ïçêâJ êÉä~íÉÇ= ÇáëÉ~ëÉë= J= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= OKP= ãáääáçå= ÇÉ~íÜë= ïçêäÇïáÇÉ= éÉê= óÉ~êK= = ^í= äÉ~ëí= NMB= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= ÇÉ~íÜë= ~êÉ= ÇìÉ= íç= íÜÉ= PPT= ãáääáçå= ~ÅÅáÇÉåíë= ~í= ïçêâ= íÜ~í= çÅÅìê= ~ååì~ääóK= = qÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= ~å= Éëíáã~íÉÇ= RMM= ÓOMMM= åçåJÑ~í~ä= áåàìêáÉë= Ñçê= ÉîÉêó= Ñ~í~ä= áåàìêó= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ= NSM= ãáääáçå= Å~ëÉë= çÑ= ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=ÇáëÉ~ëÉFI=ã~åó=çÑ=ïÜáÅÜ=êÉëìäí=áå=äçëí=É~êåáåÖëI=äçëí=àçÄë=~åÇ=éÉêã~åÉåí=Çáë~Äáäáíó= ~åÇ=éçîÉêíóK=

= få=~ÇÇáíáçå=íç=íÜÉ=ÇáêÉÅí=Åçëíë=çÑ=ëáÅâ=é~ó=~åÇ=~ÄëÉåÅÉI=ÉãéäçóÉêë=Å~å=ÑáåÇ=íÜÉãëÉäîÉë=ÇÉ~äáåÖ= ïáíÜ=Åêáãáå~ä=éêçëÉÅìíáçåI=Åä~áãë=Ñçê=ÅçãéÉåë~íáçåI=~ÇîÉêëÉ=éìÄäáÅáíó=~åÇ=Ü~êã=íç=ÄçíÜ=ÄìëáåÉëë= êÉéìí~íáçå=~åÇ=éêçÑáí~ÄáäáíóK==få=íÜÉ=rh=~äçåÉI=íÜÉ=Éëíáã~íÉÇ=~ååì~ä=Åçëí=çÑ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=áåàìêó= ~åÇ=áääåÉëë=áå=OMMRLS=áë=¡P=Äáääáçå=íç=rh=ÉãéäçóÉêë=~åÇ=¡NP=Äáääáçå=íç=íÜÉ=_êáíáëÜ=ÉÅçåçãóK==få= OMMPI= íÜÉ= fil= Éëíáã~íÉÇ= íÜÉ= Åçëí= íç= íÜÉ= ÖäçÄ~ä= ÉÅçåçãó= ~í= ~å= Éëíáã~íÉÇ= ANKOR= íêáääáçå= EANIORMIMMM=ãáääáçåFK= = qÜÉ= î~ëí= ã~àçêáíó= çÑ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= áåàìêáÉëI= ~ÅÅáÇÉåíë= ~åÇ= áääJÜÉ~äíÜ= ~êÉ= ~îçáÇ~ÄäÉ= Äó= ÖççÇ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíK= = _ó= ë~îáåÖ= ãçåÉóI= áãéêçîáåÖ= éêçÇìÅíáîáíó= ~åÇ= ê~áëáåÖ= ïçêâÑçêÅÉ= ãçê~äÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=êÉÅçÖåáëÉÇ=~ë=~å=ÉëëÉåíá~ä=ÉäÉãÉåí= çÑ=~=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëíê~íÉÖóK= = j~å~ÖÉãÉåí= çÑ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= áå= íÜÉ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= ã~âÉë= ëçìåÇ= ÄìëáåÉëë= ëÉåëÉK= = nì~äáÑáÉÇ= ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éêçÑÉëëáçå~äë=~êÉ=~å=~ëëÉí=íç=íÜÉáê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåëI=êÉÇìÅáåÖ=Åçëíë=Äó=éêÉîÉåíáåÖ= ~ÅÅáÇÉåíë=~åÇ=áää=ÜÉ~äíÜ=çÑ=ïçêâÉêëI=ïáíÜçìí=áåÅìêêáåÖ=ìååÉÅÉëë~êó=ÉñéÉåëÉ=Äó=çîÉêJêÉ~ÅíáåÖ=íç= íêáîá~ä=êáëâëK= =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

N

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= `çìêëÉë=äÉ~ÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=ã~ó=ÄÉ=í~âÉå=áå=~=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=Ñçêã~íë=~åÇ= ~í=~=é~ÅÉ=íç=Ñáí=~êçìåÇ=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÄìëáåÉëëK=fíë=ìåáíáëÉÇ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=êÉÅçÖåáëÉë=ëìÅÅÉëë=~ë=íÜÉ= ëíìÇÉåí=éêçÖêÉëëÉëK==fíë=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=~ééêç~ÅÜ=éêçãçíÉë=íÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=~ÅèìáêÉÇ= çå=íÜÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=íç=éêçÄäÉã=ëçäîáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=ëíìÇÉåíÛë=çïå=ïçêâéä~ÅÉK=

NKO= =

mêçÑÉëëáçå~ä=ãÉãÄÉêëÜáé=

qÜÉ= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= ãÉÉíë= íÜÉ= ~Å~ÇÉãáÅ= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= íç= ~ééäó= Ñçê= dê~Çì~íÉ= jÉãÄÉêëÜáé= Edê~Ç= flpeF=çÑ=fåëíáíìíáçå=çÑ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=EflpeFK==qÜáë=áë=íÜÉ=Ñáêëí=ëíÉé=íç=ÄÉÅçãáåÖ= ~=`Ü~êíÉêÉÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=mê~ÅíáíáçåÉê=~ë=~=`Ü~êíÉêÉÇ=jÉãÄÉê=çÑ=flpe=E`jflpeFK==fí=áë=~äëç= ~ÅÅÉéíÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=fåëíáíìíÉ=çÑ=oáëâ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=EffopjF=~ë=ãÉÉíáåÖ=íÜÉ= ~Å~ÇÉãáÅ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=Ñìää=ãÉãÄÉêëÜáé=EjffopjFK===

NKP= nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=äÉîÉä=~åÇ=rh=~ÅÅêÉÇáí~íáçå= qÜÉ=kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=áë=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=~åÇ=ÅêÉÇáí= ê~íÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= pÅçííáëÜ= nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåë= ^ìíÜçêáíó= Epn^= J= ïïïKëè~KçêÖKìâFK== fí= áë= ê~íÉÇ= ïáíÜáå= íÜÉ= pÅçííáëÜ=`êÉÇáí=~åÇ=nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåë=cê~ãÉïçêâ=Ep`nc=J=ïïïKëÅèÑKçêÖKìâF=~í=p`nc=iÉîÉä=NM=ïáíÜ= QT=p`nc=ÅêÉÇáí=éçáåíëK= cçê=ìëÉêë=áå=båÖä~åÇI=t~äÉë=~åÇ=kçêíÜÉêå=fêÉä~åÇI=íÜáë=áë=Åçãé~ê~ÄäÉ=íç=~=sçÅ~íáçå~ääóJoÉä~íÉÇ= nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= EsonF= ~í= iÉîÉä= S= ïáíÜáå= íÜÉ= k~íáçå~ä= nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåë= cê~ãÉïçêâ= EkncF= ~åÇ= nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåë=~åÇ=`êÉÇáí=cê~ãÉïçêâ=En`cFI=çê=eçåçìêë=aÉÖêÉÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇK== cçê=ÑìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=rh=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=äÉîÉäëI=éäÉ~ëÉ=êÉÑÉê=íç=íÜÉ=“nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåë=Å~å= Åêçëë=ÄçìåÇ~êáÉëÒ=Åçãé~êáëçå=ÅÜ~êí=áëëìÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=rh=êÉÖìä~íçêëI=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=~í=íÜÉ=pn^=ïÉÄëáíÉ= EïïïKëè~KçêÖKìâFK==

NKQ= hÉó=íçéáÅë=ÅçîÉêÉÇ= 

j~å~ÖáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=



e~ò~êÇçìë=~ÖÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=



tçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=ë~ÑÉíó=



mê~ÅíáÅ~ä=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=íÜÉçêó=

NKR= `çìêëÉ=íìáíáçå=~åÇ=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó=íáãÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= mêÉé~ê~íçêó=ÅçåíÉåíW= = råáí=f^W=TV=Üçìêë=íìáíáçå=~åÇ=TR=Üçìêë=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó= = qçí~äW=NRQ=Üçìêë= råáí=f_W==TN=Üçìêë=íìáíáçå=~åÇ=RM=Üçìêë=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó= = qçí~äW=NON=Üçìêë= råáí=f`W==TR=Üçìêë=íìáíáçå=~åÇ=RM=Üçìêë=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó= =======================qçí~äW=NOR=Üçìêë= råáí=faW==S=Üçìêë=íìáíáçå=~åÇ=RM=Üçìêë=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó= =======================qçí~äW= =RS=Üçìêë= = = = = = ^=éêçÖê~ããÉ=çÑ=ëíìÇó=íÜÉêÉÑçêÉ=åÉÉÇë=íç=ÄÉ=Ä~ëÉÇ=~êçìåÇ=~=ãáåáãìã=çÑ=OPN=í~ìÖÜí=Üçìêë= ~åÇ=~ééêçñáã~íÉäó=OOR=Üçìêë=çÑ=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó=Ñçê=~å=çîÉê~ää=íçí~ä=çÑ=QRS=eçìêëK= ^=ÑìääJíáãÉ=ÄäçÅâ=êÉäÉ~ëÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=ä~ëí=Ñçê=~=ãáåáãìã=çÑ=ëáñ=ïÉÉâë=EíÜáêíóJ ÑáîÉ= ïçêâáåÖ= Ç~óëF= ~åÇ= ~= é~êíJíáãÉ= Ç~ó= êÉäÉ~ëÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= ïçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ëéêÉ~Ç= çîÉê= ~í= äÉ~ëí= íÜáêíó= ïÉÉâëK==cçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëíìÇóáåÖ=Äó=çéÉå=çê=Çáëí~åÅÉ=äÉ~êåáåÖI=íÜÉ=íìáíáçå=Üçìêë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÇÇÉÇ= «=kb_lpe=OMNN=

O

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= íç=íÜÉ=êÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó=Üçìêë=íç=ÖáîÉ=íÜÉ=ãáåáãìã=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=Üçìêë=íÜ~í=íÜáë=ãçÇÉ= çÑ=ëíìÇó=ïáää=êÉèìáêÉK= = qìáíáçå= íáãÉ= ëÜçìäÇ= åçêã~ääó= ÄÉ= ~ääçÅ~íÉÇ= éêçéçêíáçå~íÉ= íç= íÜÉ= íìáíáçå= íáãÉ= Ñçê= É~ÅÜ= ÉäÉãÉåí= Äìí=ã~ó=êÉèìáêÉ=~ÇàìëíãÉåí=íç=êÉÑäÉÅí=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇë=çÑ=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=ëíìÇÉåí=ÖêçìéK= = nìçíÉÇ=Üçìêë=Çç=åçí=áåÅäìÇÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=íáãÉI=áÉI=ëáííáåÖ=ïêáííÉå=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë=EëÉÉ=NKSFK===

NKS= råáí=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë= 

råáí=f^W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó==

^ëëÉëëÉÇ= Äó= ~= íÜêÉÉ= Üçìê= ïêáííÉå= Éñ~ãáå~íáçå= ã~êâÉÇ= Äó= ÉñíÉêå~ä= Éñ~ãáåÉêë= ~ééçáåíÉÇ= Äó= kb_lpeK= = 

råáí=f_W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=~ÖÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=

^ëëÉëëÉÇ= Äó= ~= íÜêÉÉ= Üçìê= ïêáííÉå= Éñ~ãáå~íáçå= ã~êâÉÇ= Äó= ÉñíÉêå~ä= Éñ~ãáåÉêë= ~ééçáåíÉÇ= Äó= kb_lpeK= = 

råáí=f`W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=ë~ÑÉíó=

^ëëÉëëÉÇ= Äó= ~= íÜêÉÉ= Üçìê= ïêáííÉå= Éñ~ãáå~íáçå= ã~êâÉÇ= Äó= ÉñíÉêå~ä= Éñ~ãáåÉêë= ~ééçáåíÉÇ= Äó= kb_lpeK= = 

råáí=faW=^ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=íÜÉçêó=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=

^ëëÉëëÉÇ=Äó=çåÉ=ïêáííÉå=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=ã~êâÉÇ=Äó=ÉñíÉêå~ä=Éñ~ãáåÉêë=~ééçáåíÉÇ=Äó=kb_lpeK=

NKT= båíêó=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= qÜÉ=kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=ëóää~Äìë=~ëëìãÉë=íÜ~í=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=Ü~îÉ=~=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=çÑ= ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=Éèìáî~äÉåí=íç=íÜ~í=éêçîáÇÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=dÉåÉê~ä=`ÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉ= Efd`FK=== = qÜÉ= ~ÅÜáÉîÉãÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= dÉåÉê~ä= `ÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉ= çê= ÇáêÉÅí= Éèìáî~äÉåí= éêáçê= íç= ìåÇÉêí~âáåÖ= íÜÉ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= aáéäçã~= ÅçìêëÉ= áë= ÜáÖÜäó= êÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇI= ÖáîÉå= íÜÉ= ÇÉã~åÇë=çÑ=íÜáë=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ëíìÇóI=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=ÅçããáíãÉåí=êÉèìáêÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÅçãéäÉãÉåí~êó= å~íìêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= kb_lpe= fd`= ~åÇ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= aáéäçã~K= = cìêíÜÉê= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå= íÜÉ= kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=dÉåÉê~ä=`ÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=îá~=çìê=ïÉÄëáíÉ=ïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâ= eçïÉîÉêI=áí=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=åçíÉÇ=íÜ~í=ÅìêêÉåíäó=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåíë=~êÉ=çÑÑÉêÉÇI=~åÇ=ãìëí=ÄÉ=~åëïÉêÉÇI= áå= båÖäáëÜ= çåäóK= = qÜÉ= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= áåÅäìÇÉë= ~= êÉèìáêÉãÉåí= íç= ïêáíÉ= ~å= ÉñíÉåÇÉÇ= ~ëëáÖåãÉåí= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= íÜÉ= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉÛë= çïå= ïçêâéä~ÅÉI= ïÜáÅÜ= ãìëí= ~äëç= ÄÉ= áå= båÖäáëÜK= = `~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ëÜçìäÇ= ÇáëÅìëë=íÜáë=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉê=ÄÉÑçêÉ=ìåÇÉêí~âáåÖ=íÜÉ=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåK= píìÇÉåíë=ãìëí=ë~íáëÑó=~åó=Éåíêó=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=ëéÉÅáÑáÉÇ=Äó=íÜÉ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêK==^ÅÅÉéí~åÅÉ=çå= íç=íÜÉ=éêçÖê~ããÉ=ã~ó=ÄÉ=Ä~ëÉÇ=çå=íÜÉ=~Çãáëëáçå=íìíçêÛë=àìÇÖÉãÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=ëíìÇÉåíÛë=~Äáäáíó=íç= ÄÉåÉÑáí=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=éêçÖê~ããÉK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

P

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

NKU== jáåáãìã=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=çÑ=båÖäáëÜ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=Ñçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= qÜÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=çÑ=båÖäáëÜ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=Äó=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëíìÇóáåÖ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~= ãìëí= ÄÉ= ëìÅÜ= íÜ~í= íÜÉó= Å~å= ÄçíÜ= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ= ~åÇ= ~êíáÅìä~íÉ= íÜÉ= ÅçåÅÉéíë= Åçåí~áåÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ëóää~ÄìëK==fí=áë=áãéçêí~åí=íç=ëíêÉëë=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=çåìë=áë=çå=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ= íÜÉáê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉëÛ=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=çÑ=éêçÑáÅáÉåÅó=áå=båÖäáëÜK= kb_lpe= êÉÅçããÉåÇë= íç= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉêë= íÜ~í= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ìåÇÉêí~âáåÖ= íÜáë= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=ëÜçìäÇ=êÉ~ÅÜ=~=ãáåáãìã=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=çÑ=båÖäáëÜ=Éèìáî~äÉåí=íç=~å=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=båÖäáëÜ= i~åÖì~ÖÉ=qÉëíáåÖ=póëíÉã=ëÅçêÉ=çÑ=TKM=çê=ÜáÖÜÉê=áå=fbiqp=íÉëíë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ÄÉ=~ÅÅÉéíÉÇ=çåíç=~å= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=éêçÖê~ããÉK== cçê=ÑìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=éäÉ~ëÉ=ëÉÉ=íÜÉ=ä~íÉëí=îÉêëáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=fbiqp=e~åÇÄççâ=çê=Åçåëìäí=íÜÉ=fbiqp= ïÉÄëáíÉW= = ÜííéWLLïïïKáÉäíëKçêÖLáåëíáíìíáçåëLíÉëí|Ñçêã~í|~åÇ|êÉëìäíëK~ëéñ== = `~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ïáëÜáåÖ= íç= ~ëëÉëë= íÜÉáê= çïå= ä~åÖì~ÖÉ= ÉñéÉêíáëÉ= ã~ó= Åçåëìäí= íÜÉ= fbiqp= ïÉÄëáíÉ= Ñçê= áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=í~âáåÖ=íÜÉ=íÉëíW=ÜííéWLLïïïKáÉäíëKçêÖLáåëíáíìíáçåëLÑ~èëK~ëéñ==

NKV== iÉÖáëä~íáçå= qÜÉ=ëóää~Äìë=êÉÑÉêë=íç=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÅçåîÉåíáçåë=~åÇ=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåëK==tÜÉêÉ=íÜáë=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= áë= ÇÉäáîÉêÉÇ= çîÉêëÉ~ëI= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉêë= ã~ó= êÉÑÉê= íç= Éñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ= äçÅ~ä= äÉÖáëä~íáçå= ~ë= é~êí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçÖê~ããÉ= Äìí= Éñ~ãáå~íáçå= èìÉëíáçåë= ïáää= åçí= êÉÑÉê= íç= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= äÉÖáëä~íáçåI= Äìí=ïáää=êÉÑÉê=íç=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÅçåîÉåíáçåëI=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåë=~åÇ=ÖççÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=~ë=áåÇáÅ~íÉÇ=áå= íÜÉ=ëóää~ÄìëK=

NKNM= iÉÖáëä~íáîÉ=ìéÇ~íÉë= oÉäÉî~åí=åÉï=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÅçåîÉåíáçåë=~åÇ=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåë=ïáää=ÄÉÅçãÉ=Éñ~ãáå~ÄäÉ=áå=ÇÉí~áä= ëáñ= ãçåíÜë= ~ÑíÉê= íÜÉáê= Ç~íÉ= çÑ= áåíêçÇìÅíáçåK= = eçïÉîÉêI= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ïáää= ÄÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= íç= ÄÉ= ÉëëÉåíá~ääó=ìéJíçJÇ~íÉ=~í=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=~åÇI=ïÜáäëí=~=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=ïáää=åçí= ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇI=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=åÉï=çê=áãéÉåÇáåÖ=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÅçåîÉåíáçåë=~åÇ=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåëI= ïÜÉêÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=íç=~å=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçåI=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÖáîÉå=ÅêÉÇáíK=== = mäÉ~ëÉ= åçíÉI= kb_lpe= ïáää= åçí= ~ëâ= èìÉëíáçåë= êÉä~íÉÇ= íç= áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= ÅçåîÉåíáçåë= ~åÇ= êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåë=íÜ~í=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=êÉéÉ~äÉÇI=êÉîçâÉÇ=çê=çíÜÉêïáëÉ=ëìéÉêëÉÇÉÇK= = k_W=^ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë=~êÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=íç=ÉåëìêÉ=íÜÉáê=ÅçìêëÉ=åçíÉë=êÉã~áå=ÅìêêÉåí=ïáíÜ= êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=åÉï=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÅçåîÉåíáçåë=~åÇ=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåëK=

NKNN= k~íáçå~ä=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=pí~åÇ~êÇë=EklpF=~åÇ=ÄÉëí=éê~ÅíáÅÉ= qÜÉ=ëóää~Äìë=áë=ã~ééÉÇ=íç=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åí=k~íáçå~ä=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=pí~åÇ~êÇ=EklpFW= 

klp= Ñçê= eÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= p~ÑÉíó= Emê~ÅíáíáçåÉê= ìåáíëF= éìÄäáëÜÉÇ= Äó= mêçëâáääë= pÉÅíçê= pâáääë= `çìåÅáä= EïïïKéêçëâáääëKÅçKìâFK=

qÜÉ=ã~ééáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëóää~Äìë=ìåáíë=íç=É~ÅÜ=klp=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=çå=é~ÖÉë=NPJNSK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

Q

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

NKNO= nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=íóéÉ= kb_lpe= çÑÑÉêë= sçÅ~íáçå~ääóJoÉä~íÉÇ= nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåë= EsonëF= áå= båÖä~åÇI= t~äÉë= ~åÇ= kçêíÜÉêå= fêÉä~åÇK=== = sonë= éêçîáÇÉ= íÜÉ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= ~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ëâáääë= êÉèìáêÉÇ= Ñçê= é~êíáÅìä~ê= àçÄ= êçäÉë= íÜêçìÖÜ= ~= ëíêìÅíìêÉÇ= ëíìÇóJÄ~ëÉÇ= íê~áåáåÖ= éêçÖê~ããÉ= íÜ~í= ÅçãÄáåÉë= íÜÉ= íÉëíáåÖ= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= ~åÇ= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=áå=ïêáííÉå=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë=ïáíÜ=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=äÉ~êåáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉK=== = sonë= ~êÉ= ~= éçéìä~ê= íóéÉ= çÑ= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= å~íáçå~ääó= êÉÅçÖåáëÉÇI= ÑäÉñáÄäÉ= ~åÇ= çÑÑÉê=êçìíÉë=Ñçê=éêçÖêÉëëáçå=íç=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=çê=ÑìêíÜÉê=ëíìÇóK=== få=pÅçíä~åÇI=sonë=~êÉ=âåçïå=~ë=ÚlíÜÉê=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåëÛK=

NKNP= nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=éêçÖêÉëëáçå= píìÇÉåíë= ïÜç= Ü~îÉ= ~ÅÜáÉîÉÇ= íÜÉ= kb_lpe= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= aáéäçã~= ã~ó= ÄÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêáåÖ= ÑìêíÜÉê= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ëíìÇóK= = ^= åìãÄÉê= çÑ= ìåáîÉêëáíáÉë= çÑÑÉê= jpÅ= éêçÖê~ãë= ïÜáÅÜ= ~ÅÅÉéí= íÜÉ= kb_lpe= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= aáéäçã~= ~ë= ~= Ñìää= çê= é~êíá~ä= Éåíêó= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíK= = pçãÉ= jpÅ= ÅçìêëÉë= ã~ó= êÉèìáêÉ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåëLÉñéÉêíáëÉ=ëìÅÜ=~ë=~=ÇÉÖêÉÉI=ÑìêíÜÉê=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=ïçêâ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ= çê=ÉñéÉÅí=ëíìÇÉåíë=íç=ÅçãéäÉíÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ãçÇìäÉë=ÉKÖK=áå=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíK= = cìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=çå=çìê=ïÉÄëáíÉW=ïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâLèì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåë==

NKNQ= mêçÖê~ããÉë=çÑÑÉêÉÇ=Äó=kb_lpeJ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë= ^ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë=Å~å=ÄÉ=äçÅ~íÉÇ=ìëáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÚtÜÉêÉ=íç=ëíìÇóÛ=í~Ä=çå=çìê=ïÉÄëáíÉW= ïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâ= = k_W= `~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ~êÉ= ~ÇîáëÉÇ= íç= ÅÜÉÅâ= ìéJíçJÇ~íÉ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= çå= ÅçìêëÉ= Ç~íÉë= ïáíÜ= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=== ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë=ÇáêÉÅíäóK=

NKNR= bñ~ãáå~íáçå=Ç~íÉë= Úpí~åÇ~êÇÛ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=Ç~íÉë=Ñçê=íÜáë=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=~êÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=áå=g~åì~êó=~åÇ=gìäó=~ååì~ääóK==råáí= fa=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=Ç~íÉë=~êÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=áå=j~êÅÜ=~åÇ=pÉéíÉãÄÉê=~ååì~ääóK= = ÚiçÅ~äÛ=çê=çåJÇÉã~åÇ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë=~êÉ=åçí=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=íç=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë=Ñçê=íÜáë=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåK= =

NKNS= péÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçå=Ç~íÉ= qÜÉ=^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçå=Ñçê=íÜáë=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=êÉéä~ÅÉë=íÜÉ=éêÉîáçìë=gìäó=OMMU=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçå=Ñçê= ~ää=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë=Ñêçã=E~åÇ=áåÅäìÇáåÖF=N=gìäó=OMNOK=

NKNT= póää~Äìë=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=~åÇ=êÉîáÉï= qÜÉ= ëóää~Äìë= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ= Äó= kb_lpe= ÑçääçïáåÖ= ÉñíÉåëáîÉ= Åçåëìäí~íáçå= ïáíÜ= âÉó= ëí~âÉÜçäÇÉêëI= åçí~Ääó= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉêëI= éêçÑÉëëáçå~ä= ÄçÇáÉëI= ÉãéäçóÉêëI= ëí~åÇ~êÇë= ëÉííáåÖ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåëI=ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí=ÄçÇáÉë=~åÇ=ëìÄàÉÅí=ÉñéÉêíëK===

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

R

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= kb_lpe= ïçìäÇ= äáâÉ= íç= í~âÉ= íÜáë= çééçêíìåáíó= íç= íÜ~åâ= ~ää= íÜçëÉ= ïÜç= é~êíáÅáé~íÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíI=éáäçíáåÖ=~åÇ=áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåK=

NKNU= cìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= cìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=~=ëóää~Äìë=ëìãã~êóI=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=çîÉêîáÉï=äÉ~ÑäÉí= ~åÇ= ~= ë~ãéäÉ= Éñ~ãáåÉêÛë= êÉéçêí= Å~å= ÄÉ= ÑçìåÇ= îá~= íÜÉ= kb_lpe= ïÉÄëáíÉ= EïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâFK== bñ~ãáåÉêëÛ=êÉéçêíë=~åÇ=é~ëí=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉêë=ã~ó=ÄÉ=éìêÅÜ~ëÉÇ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=çåäáåÉ=ëÜçéK=

NKNV= cìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñçê=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë= cìêíÜÉê= áåÑçêã~íáçå= Ñçê= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉêë= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= éçäáÅáÉë= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ~åÇ= ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=råáí=fa=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=çå=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=ïÉÄëáíÉK==

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

S

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

OK=

nì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=

OKN= råáí=~ëëÉëëãÉåí= qÜÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=áë=ÇáîáÇÉÇ=áåíç=Ñçìê=ìåáíëW== = råáí=f^W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó== 

råáí=f^=áë=~=í~ìÖÜí=ìåáíI=~ëëÉëëÉÇ=Äó=çåÉ=íÜêÉÉJÜçìê=ïêáííÉå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉêë=



b~ÅÜ=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=Åçåëáëíë=çÑ=ÉäÉîÉå=èìÉëíáçåë=ëéäáí=áåíç=pÉÅíáçå=^=~åÇ=_=



pÉÅíáçå= ^= áåÅäìÇÉë= ëáñ= ÚëÜçêíJ~åëïÉêÛ= èìÉëíáçåë= ENM= ã~êâë= É~ÅÜF= Ó= ~ää= èìÉëíáçåë= ~êÉ= Åçãéìäëçêó=



pÉÅíáçå= _= áåÅäìÇÉë= ÑáîÉ= ÚäçåÖJ~åëïÉêÛ= èìÉëíáçåë= EOM= ã~êâë= É~ÅÜF= Ó= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ÅÜççëÉ= ~åÇ= ~åëïÉê=íÜêÉÉ=èìÉëíáçåë=çåäó=



b~ÅÜ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=ÅçîÉêë=íÜÉ=ïÜçäÉ=ìåáí=ëóää~Äìë=ïáíÜ=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=èìÉëíáçå= éÉê=ìåáí=ÉäÉãÉåí=



`~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÅêáéíë=~êÉ=ã~êâÉÇ=Äó=ÉñíÉêå~ä=Éñ~ãáåÉêë=~ééçáåíÉÇ=Äó=kb_lpe=



^=ë~ãéäÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=áå=pÉÅíáçå=RK=

= råáí=f_W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=~ÖÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= 

råáí=f_=áë=~=í~ìÖÜí=ìåáíI=~ëëÉëëÉÇ=Äó=çåÉ=íÜêÉÉJÜçìê=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=



b~ÅÜ=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=Åçåëáëíë=çÑ=ÉäÉîÉå=èìÉëíáçåë=ëéäáí=áåíç=pÉÅíáçå=^=~åÇ=_=



pÉÅíáçå= ^= áåÅäìÇÉë= ëáñ= ÚëÜçêíJ~åëïÉêÛ= èìÉëíáçåë= ENM= ã~êâë= É~ÅÜF= Ó= ~ää= èìÉëíáçåë= ~êÉ= Åçãéìäëçêó=



pÉÅíáçå= _= áåÅäìÇÉë= ÑáîÉ= ÚäçåÖJ~åëïÉêÛ= èìÉëíáçåë= EOM= ã~êâë= É~ÅÜF= Ó= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ÅÜççëÉ= ~åÇ= ~åëïÉê=íÜêÉÉ=èìÉëíáçåë=çåäó=



b~ÅÜ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=ÅçîÉêë=íÜÉ=ïÜçäÉ=ìåáí=ëóää~Äìë=ïáíÜ=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=èìÉëíáçå= éÉê=ìåáí=ÉäÉãÉåí=



`~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÅêáéíë=~êÉ=ã~êâÉÇ=Äó=ÉñíÉêå~ä=Éñ~ãáåÉêë=~ééçáåíÉÇ=Äó=kb_lpe=



^=ë~ãéäÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=áå=pÉÅíáçå=RK=

= råáí=f`W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=ë~ÑÉíó= 

råáí=f`=áë=~=í~ìÖÜí=ìåáíI=~ëëÉëëÉÇ=Äó=çåÉ=íÜêÉÉJÜçìê=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=



b~ÅÜ=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=Åçåëáëíë=çÑ=ÉäÉîÉå=èìÉëíáçåë=ëéäáí=áåíç=pÉÅíáçå=^=~åÇ=_=



pÉÅíáçå= ^= áåÅäìÇÉë= ëáñ= ÚëÜçêíJ~åëïÉêÛ= èìÉëíáçåë= ENM= ã~êâë= É~ÅÜF= Ó= ~ää= èìÉëíáçåë= ~êÉ= Åçãéìäëçêó=



pÉÅíáçå= _= áåÅäìÇÉë= ÑáîÉ= ÚäçåÖJ~åëïÉêÛ= èìÉëíáçåë= EOM= ã~êâë= É~ÅÜF= Ó= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ÅÜççëÉ= ~åÇ= ~åëïÉê=íÜêÉÉ=èìÉëíáçåë=çåäó=



b~ÅÜ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=ÅçîÉêë=íÜÉ=ïÜçäÉ=ìåáí=ëóää~Äìë=ïáíÜ=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=èìÉëíáçå= éÉê=ìåáí=ÉäÉãÉåí=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

T

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = 

`~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÅêáéíë=~êÉ=ã~êâÉÇ=Äó=ÉñíÉêå~ä=Éñ~ãáåÉêë=~ééçáåíÉÇ=Äó=kb_lpe=



^=ë~ãéäÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉê=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=áå=pÉÅíáçå=RK=

= råáí=faW=^ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=íÜÉçêó=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ= 

råáí=fa=Åçåëáëíë=çÑ=~=ïêáííÉå=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=ëÉí=Äó=kb_lpe=



^ééêçñáã~íÉäó=UIMMM=ïçêÇë=áå=äÉåÖíÜ==



pìÄãáëëáçå=Ç~íÉë=Ñçê=aáéäçã~=~ëëáÖåãÉåíë=~êÉ=áå=j~êÅÜ=~åÇ=pÉéíÉãÄÉê=É~ÅÜ=óÉ~ê=



`~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ëÅêáéíë=~êÉ=ã~êâÉÇ=Äó=ÉñíÉêå~ä=Éñ~ãáåÉêë=~ééçáåíÉÇ=Äó=kb_lpeK==

= kb_lpe= Ñçääçïë= íÜÉ= “d`pbI= d`bI= s`bI= dksn= ~åÇ= ^b^= `çÇÉ= çÑ= mê~ÅíáÅÉÒ= éìÄäáëÜÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= êÉÖìä~íçêó=~ìíÜçêáíáÉë=áå=båÖä~åÇI=t~äÉë=~åÇ=kçêíÜÉêå=fêÉä~åÇ=áå=êÉä~íáçå=íç=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ëÉííáåÖ= ~åÇ=ã~êâáåÖK==låÅÉ=~å=ÉñíÉêå~ääóJ~ëëÉëëÉÇ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=EïêáííÉå=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë=~åÇ=~ëëáÖåãÉåíë= ã~êâÉÇ= Äó= kb_lpeF= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= ÅçãéäÉíÉÇI= ëÅêáéíë= ~êÉ= ëÉåí= íç= kb_lpe= ~åÇ= ìåÇÉêÖç= êáÖçêçìë= ã~êâáåÖI=ÅÜÉÅâáåÖ=~åÇ=êÉëìäíë=ÇÉíÉêãáå~íáçå=éêçÅÉëëÉë=íç=ÉåëìêÉ=~ÅÅìê~Åó=~åÇ=ÅçåëáëíÉåÅóK====

OKO= råáí=ëíêìÅíìêÉ= `~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=ÅÜççëÉ=íç=í~âÉ=çåÉI=íïçI=íÜêÉÉ=çê=~ää=Ñçìê=ìåáíë=~í=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=íáãÉ=çê=~í=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= íáãÉëK== =

OKP== ^ÅÜáÉîáåÖ=íÜÉ=çîÉê~ää=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= 

qÜÉ=ÉåêçäãÉåí=éÉêáçÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áë=ÑáîÉ=óÉ~êë=



píìÇÉåíë= ãìëí= é~ëë= ~ää= Ñçìê= ìåáíë= ïáíÜáå= íÜÉáê= ÉåêçäãÉåí= éÉêáçÇ= Eåçêã~ääó= ÑáîÉ= óÉ~êëFI= íç= ~ÅÜáÉîÉ=íÜÉ=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=



píìÇÉåíë= ïÜç= Ü~îÉ= êÉ~ÅÜÉÇ= íÜÉ= ÉåÇ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÉåêçäãÉåí= éÉêáçÇ= Äìí= ëíáää= ïáëÜ= íç= ÅçãéäÉíÉ= çìíëí~åÇáåÖ= ìåáíëI= ã~ó= ~ééäó= Ñçê= ~= ëáåÖäÉ= çåÉ= óÉ~ê= ÉåêçäãÉåí= ÉñíÉåëáçåK= = qÜÉëÉ= ~êÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=Äó=kb_lpe=çå=~=Å~ëÉJÄóJÅ~ëÉ=Ä~ëáëK==pìÅÅÉëëÑìä=~ééäáÅ~íáçåë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÉåêçäãÉåí= ÉñíÉåëáçå=ïáää=áåÅìê=~=ÑÉÉK=

qç=èì~äáÑó=Ñçê=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=~=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ãìëíW= =  båêçä= ~ë= ~= ÅçìêëÉ= ãÉãÄÉê= ïáíÜ= ~å= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉê= ~åÇI= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉêI= ïáíÜ= kb_lpeK= = båêçäãÉåí= ïáíÜ= kb_lpe= EïáíÜ= é~óãÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ~ééêçéêá~íÉ= ÑÉÉF= ëÜçìäÇ=åçêã~ääó=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉ=~í=íÜÉ=ÄÉÖáååáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=éêçÖê~ããÉ=çÑ=ëíìÇó= 

oÉÖáëíÉê= ïáíÜ= kb_lpe= íÜêçìÖÜ= ~= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉê= ~ë= ~= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= èìÉëíáçå= é~éÉê=EïáíÜ=é~óãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ÑÉÉF=



oÉÖáëíÉê= ïáíÜ= kb_lpe= íÜêçìÖÜ= ~= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉê= ~ë= ~= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ~ëëáÖåãÉåí= ìåáí= EïáíÜ=é~óãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ÑÉÉF=



cìäÑáä= ~ää= çíÜÉê= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= ~ë= ã~ó= ÄÉ= ã~ÇÉ= Ñêçã= íáãÉ= íç= íáãÉ= Äó= íÜÉ= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉê=~åÇLçê=kb_lpe=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

U

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= =

OKQ= råáí=é~ëë=ëí~åÇ~êÇ= qÜÉ=é~ëë=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=Ñçê=É~ÅÜ=ìåáí=ã~ó=î~êó=~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=éêÉJÇÉíÉêãáåÉÇ=ÅêáíÉêá~=Äìí=áë=åçêã~äáëÉÇ=íç= QRB=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ïêáííÉå=é~éÉêë=Eråáíë=f^I=f_=~åÇ=f`F=~åÇ=RMB=Ñçê=íÜÉ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=ìåáí=Eråáí=faFK=

OKR= råáí=ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉë= `~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ïÜç= ~êÉ= ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä= áå= ~å= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= ìåáí= ïáää= ÄÉ= áëëìÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ~= ìåáí= ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉI= åçêã~ääó= ïáíÜáå= U= ïÉÉâë= çÑ= íÜÉ= áëëìÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= åçíáÑáÅ~íáçåK= = råáíë= ~êÉ=åçí= Öê~ÇÉÇ=~åÇ= íÜÉ= ìåáí=ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉë=ïáää=ëÜçï=~=Úm~ëëÛ=çåäóK==

OKS= lîÉê~ää=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=Öê~ÇÉë= tÜÉå=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=~ï~êÇÉÇ=~=ìåáí=ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉ=Ñçê=~ää=Ñçìê=ìåáíë=EáÉI=Ü~îÉ=~ÅÜáÉîÉÇ=~=m~ëë= áå=ìåáíë=f^I=f_I=f`=~åÇ=faFI=íÜÉ=ã~êâë=~êÉ=~ÇÇÉÇ=íçÖÉíÜÉê=~åÇ=~=Ñáå~ä=Öê~ÇÉ=áë=~ï~êÇÉÇ=~ë=ÑçääçïëW= = = m~ëë= = NUR=Ó=OPV=ã~êâë= `êÉÇáí= = OQM=Ó=OTV=ã~êâë= aáëíáåÅíáçå= OUM=ã~êâë=çê=ãçêÉ=

OKT= lîÉê~ää=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉë= låÅÉ= ~= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ= Ü~ë= ~ÅÜáÉîÉÇ= ~= m~ëë= áå= ~ää= Ñçìê= ìåáíë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= çîÉê~ää= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= Öê~ÇÉ= ~ï~êÇÉÇ= íÜÉó= ~êÉ= åçêã~ääó= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= íç= Ü~îÉ= ÅçãéäÉíÉÇ= íÜÉ= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= ~å= çîÉê~ää= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= é~êÅÜãÉåí= ïáää= ÄÉ= áëëìÉÇI= ïáíÜáå= íÜêÉÉ= ãçåíÜë= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå= Ç~íÉ= Ñçê= íÜÉ=ÑçìêíÜ=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìääó=ÅçãéäÉíÉÇ=ìåáíK= = eçïÉîÉêI= çåÅÉ= íÜÉ= êÉëìäí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÑçìêíÜ= ëìÅÅÉëëÑìääó= ÅçãéäÉíÉÇ= ìåáí= Ü~ë= ÄÉÉå= áëëìÉÇ= íÜÉ= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=Ü~ë=çåÉ=ãçåíÜ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=Ç~íÉ=çÑ=áëëìÉ=çÑ=íÜ~í=êÉëìäí=íç=ÉáíÜÉêW= =  fåÑçêã= kb_lpe= áå= ïêáíáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉáê= áåíÉåíáçå= íç= êÉJëáí= ~= ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä= ìåáí= Ñçê= íÜÉ= éìêéçëÉë= çÑ= áãéêçîáåÖ=~=Öê~ÇÉ==  pìÄãáí=~å=båèìáêó=^Äçìí=oÉëìäí=Eb^oF=êÉèìÉëí=EëÉÉ=pÉÅíáçå=PKPFK=

OKU= oÉJëáííáåÖ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë=

=

fÑ= ~= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉÛë= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= áå= ~åó= ìåáí= ÅçãéçåÉåí= áë= äçïÉê= íÜ~å= ~= é~ëëI= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ã~ó= êÉJ êÉÖáëíÉê= ~åÇ= êÉJëáí= àìëí= íÜÉ= ÅçãéçåÉåíLë= áå= ïÜáÅÜ= íÜÉó= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= ìåëìÅÅÉëëÑìä= éêçîáÇáåÖ= íÜ~í= íÜÉó=êÉJëáí=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=R=óÉ~ê=ÉåêçäãÉåí=éÉêáçÇK==eçïÉîÉêI=É~ÅÜ=êÉJëáí=ïáää=áåÅìê=~å=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ÑÉÉK=== = `~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ã~ó=êÉJí~âÉ=ìåáíë=~í=~åó=íáãÉ=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉáê=ÉåêçäãÉåí=éÉêáçÇI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉó= Ü~îÉ= é~ëëÉÇ= ~åÇ= ïáëÜ= íç= êÉJí~âÉ= íç= áãéêçîÉ= íÜÉáê= Öê~ÇÉK= = låÅÉ= ~ää= Ñçìê= ìåáíë= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= ëìÅÅÉëëÑìääó= ÅçãéäÉíÉÇI= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ïáää= åÉÉÇ= íç= áåÑçêã= kb_lpe= çÑ= íÜÉáê= áåíÉåíáçå= íç= êÉJí~âÉ= ïáíÜáå=çåÉ=ãçåíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ç~íÉ=çÑ=áëëìÉ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÑçìêíÜ=ìåáí=êÉëìäíK==qÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=äáãáí=íç=íÜÉ= åìãÄÉê=çÑ=êÉJëáíë=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=ÉåêçäãÉåí=éÉêáçÇK= = fÑ=~=êÉJëáí=êÉëìäíë=áå=~=äçïÉê=ã~êâ=íÜ~å=~=éêÉîáçìë=êÉëìäí=Ñçê=íÜ~í=ìåáíI=íÜÉ=ÜáÖÜÉëí=ã~êâ=ïáää=ÄÉ= êÉí~áåÉÇK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

V

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = cçê=íÜÉ=råáí=fa=~ëëáÖåãÉåíI=íÜÉêÉ=áë=åç=äáãáí=íç=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=ëìÄãáëëáçåë=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=ÉåêçäãÉåí= éÉêáçÇK==fÑ=~=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=Ö~áåë=äçïÉê=íÜ~å=íÜÉ=é~ëë=ã~êâ=áå=íÜÉ=~ëëáÖåãÉåíI=íÜÉó=ã~ó=êÉîáëÉ=~åÇ= ëìÄãáí=íÜÉ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=~Ö~áåK==eçïÉîÉêI=íÜÉó=ãìëí=êÉJêÉÖáëíÉê=Ñçê=íÜÉ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=Çç= ëçK==mäÉ~ëÉ=åçíÉ=íÜ~í=åç=ÑÉÉÇÄ~Åâ=ïáää=ÄÉ=ÖáîÉå=çå=íÜÉ=êÉÑÉêêÉÇ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=~åÇ=É~ÅÜ=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä= ëìÄãáëëáçå=ïáää=áåÅìê=~=ÑÉÉK==j~êâë=~ï~êÇÉÇ=Ñçê=ëìÄëÉèìÉåí=ëìÄãáëëáçåë=ïáää=åçí=ÄÉ=Å~ééÉÇK= = `~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïÜç=êÉÖáëíÉê=Ñçê=~åó=ìåáí=çÑ=íÜÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=ïÜáäëí=~ï~áíáåÖ=~=êÉëìäí=Ñêçã= ~= éêÉîáçìë= ëáííáåÖ= çÑ= ~å= Éñ~ãáå~íáçå= ã~ó= åçí= ëÉÉâ= ~= êÉÑìåÇ= çÑ= íÜÉ= êÉÖáëíê~íáçå= ÑÉÉ= áÑ= íÜÉó= êÉíêçëéÉÅíáîÉäó=Åä~áã=ÉñÉãéíáçå=Ñçê=íÜ~í=~åó=ëìÅÅÉëëÑìä=ìåáí=ìåÇÉê=íÜÉëÉ=ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉëI=ÉñÅÉéí= áå=íÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=~å=båèìáêó=^Äçìí=oÉëìäíK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NM

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= =

PK=

mçäáÅáÉë=

PKN= oÉèìÉëíë=Ñçê=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=~ÇàìëíãÉåíë= oÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=~ÇàìëíãÉåíë=~êÉ=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=ïÜáÅÜ=~êÉ=~ééêçîÉÇ=áå=~Çî~åÅÉ=çÑ=~å=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=íç== ~ääçï= ~íí~áåãÉåí= íç= ÄÉ= ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉÇ= Äó= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ïáíÜ= ÉáíÜÉê= ~= éÉêã~åÉåí= çê= äçåÖJíÉêã= Çáë~Äáäáíó=çê=äÉ~êåáåÖ=ÇáÑÑáÅìäíóI=çê=íÉãéçê~êó=Çáë~ÄáäáíóI=áääåÉëë=çê=áåÇáëéçëáíáçåK== = oÉèìÉëíë= Ñçê= êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ= ~ÇàìëíãÉåíë= ãìëí= ÄÉ= ã~ÇÉ= íç= kb_lpe= Äó= Éñ~ãáå~íáçå= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=== ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë=~í=äÉ~ëí=çåÉ=ãçåíÜ=ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåK= = cçê= ÑìêíÜÉê= ÇÉí~áäë= ëÉÉ= íÜÉ= kb_lpe= “mçäáÅó= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= çå= êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ= ~ÇàìëíãÉåíë= ~åÇ= ëéÉÅá~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåÒ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=ïÉÄëáíÉ=EïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâFK=

PKO= oÉèìÉëíë=Ñçê=ëéÉÅá~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå= péÉÅá~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=áë=~=éêçÅÉÇìêÉ=íÜ~í=ã~ó=êÉëìäí=áå=~å=~ÇàìëíãÉåí=íç=íÜÉ=ã~êâë=çÑ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ïÜç= Ü~îÉ= åçí= ÄÉÉå= ~ÄäÉ= íç= ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ= ~íí~áåãÉåí= ÄÉÅ~ìëÉ= çÑ= íÉãéçê~êó= áääåÉëëI= áåàìêóI= áåÇáëéçëáíáçå=çê=~å=ìåÑçêÉëÉÉå=áåÅáÇÉåí=~í=íÜÉ=íáãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåíK== = `~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ïÜç= ÑÉÉä= Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉÇ= ÇìÉ= íç= áääåÉëëI= Çáëíê~Åíáçå= çê= ~åó= çíÜÉê= êÉ~ëçå= ÇìêáåÖ= íÜÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí=ãìëí=êÉéçêí=íÜáë=íç=íÜÉ=áåîáÖáä~íçê=Eçê=íÜÉ=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉê=áå=íÜÉ=Å~ëÉ=çÑ= íÜÉ=~ëëáÖåãÉåíF=ÄÉÑçêÉ=äÉ~îáåÖ=íÜÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=êççã=~åÇ=êÉèìÉëí=íÜ~í=íÜÉáê=ïêáííÉå=ëí~íÉãÉåíI= íçÖÉíÜÉê= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= áåîáÖáä~íçêÛë= ÅçããÉåíë= çå= íÜÉ= ëí~íÉãÉåíI= ÄÉ= ëÉåí= Äó= íÜÉ= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉê=íç=kb_lpeK= = oÉèìÉëíë=Ñçê=ëéÉÅá~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=ãìëí=ÄÉ=ã~ÇÉ=íç=kb_lpe=Äó=íÜÉ=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉê= ~ë=ëççå=~ë=éçëëáÄäÉ=~åÇ=åç=ãçêÉ=íÜ~å=ëÉîÉå=ïçêâáåÖ=Ç~óë=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåíK==

=

cçê= ÑìêíÜÉê= ÇÉí~áäë= ëÉÉ= íÜÉ= kb_lpe= “mçäáÅó= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= çå= êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ= ~ÇàìëíãÉåíë= ~åÇ= ëéÉÅá~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåÒ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=ïÉÄëáíÉ==EïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâFK===

PKP= båèìáêáÉë=~Äçìí=êÉëìäíë=~åÇ=~ééÉ~äë= kb_lpe= ~ééäáÉë= ÇÉí~áäÉÇ= ~åÇ= íÜçêçìÖÜ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= íç= êÉîáÉï= ~åÇ= ÅÜÉÅâ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= êÉëìäíë= ÄÉÑçêÉ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=áëëìÉÇK==qÜáë=áåÅäìÇÉë=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=êÉîáÉï=çÑ=ÄçêÇÉêäáåÉ=êÉëìäíëK==fí=íÜÉêÉÄó=ÉåëìêÉë= íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ÇÉÅä~êÉÇ=êÉëìäíë=~êÉ=~=Ñ~áê=~åÇ=Éèìáí~ÄäÉ=êÉÑäÉÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=çÑ=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=Äó= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉëK= = qÜÉêÉ=~êÉI=ÜçïÉîÉêI=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ñçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=çê=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë=íç=ÉåèìáêÉ=~Äçìí= êÉëìäíë=íÜ~í=Çç=åçí=ãÉÉí=íÜÉáê=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåëK==^å=ÚÉåèìáêó=~Äçìí=êÉëìäíÛ=Eb^oF=ãìëí=ÄÉ= ã~ÇÉ=áå=ïêáíáåÖ=ïáíÜáå=çåÉ=ãçåíÜ=íÜÉ=Ç~íÉ=çÑ=áëëìÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉëìäí=íç=ïÜáÅÜ=áí=êÉä~íÉëK= = cçê=ÇÉí~áäë=ëÉÉ=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=“båèìáêáÉë=~åÇ=~ééÉ~äë=éçäáÅó=~åÇ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëÒ=ÇçÅìãÉåí=~î~áä~ÄäÉ= Ñêçã=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=ïÉÄëáíÉ==EïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâFK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NN

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= =

PKQ= j~äéê~ÅíáÅÉ= j~äéê~ÅíáÅÉ=áë=ÇÉÑáåÉÇ=~ë=~åó=ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉ=~ÅíáîáíóI=åÉÖäÉÅíI=ÇÉÑ~ìäí=çê=çíÜÉê=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=Äó=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= ~åÇLçê= ~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ= ÅçìêëÉ= éêçîáÇÉêë= íÜ~í= ÅçãéêçãáëÉë= íÜÉ= áåíÉÖêáíó= çÑ= íÜÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= éêçÅÉëëI= ~åÇLçê= íÜÉ= î~äáÇáíó= çÑ= ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉëK= j~äéê~ÅíáÅÉ= ã~ó= áåÅäìÇÉ= ~= ê~åÖÉ= çÑ= áëëìÉë= Ñêçã= Åçääìëáçå= çê= ìëÉ= çÑ= ìå~ìíÜçêáëÉÇ= ã~íÉêá~ä= Äó= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉëI= íç= íÜÉ= Ñ~áäìêÉ= íç= ã~áåí~áå= ~ééêçéêá~íÉ= êÉÅçêÇë= çê= ëóëíÉãë=Äó=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêëI=íç=íÜÉ=ÇÉäáÄÉê~íÉ=Ñ~äëáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=êÉÅçêÇë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=Åä~áã= ÅÉêíáÑáÅ~íÉëK=c~áäìêÉ=Äó=~å=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉê=íç=ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=áÇÉåíáÑáÉÇ=áëëìÉë=ã~ó=áå=áíëÉäÑ= ÅçåëíáíìíÉ=ã~äéê~ÅíáÅÉK== = cçê= ÑìêíÜÉê= ÇÉí~áäë= ëÉÉ= íÜÉ= kb_lpe= “j~äéê~ÅíáÅÉ= éçäáÅó= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉëÒ= ÇçÅìãÉåí= ~î~áä~ÄäÉ= Ñêçã=íÜÉ=kb_lpe=ïÉÄëáíÉ=EïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâFK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

QK== póää~Äìë= J= kb_lpe= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= aáéäçã~= áå= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= eÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= p~ÑÉíó= E^ìÖìëí= OMNN= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF== = píêìÅíìêÉ= =

qÜÉ=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå=áë=ÇáîáÇÉÇ=áåíç=Ñçìê=ìåáíëK==råáí=f^=áë=ÑìêíÜÉê=ÇáîáÇÉÇ=áåíç=íÉå=ÉäÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=råáíë= f_=~åÇ=f`=áåíç=ÉäÉîÉå=ÉäÉãÉåíë=É~ÅÜK== = qÜÉ= ã~íêáñ= ÄÉäçï= áåÇáÅ~íÉë= Üçï= íÜÉ= ëóää~Äìë= ÉäÉãÉåíë= ã~é= íç= íÜÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= k~íáçå~ä= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=pí~åÇ~êÇë=EpÉÉ=~äëç=ëÉÅíáçå=NKNNFW= =  k~íáçå~ä=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=pí~åÇ~êÇë=EklpF=Ñçê=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=Emê~ÅíáíáçåÉê=ìåáíëF=éìÄäáëÜÉÇ= Äó=mêçëâáääë=pÉÅíçê=pâáääë=`çìåÅáä=EïïïKéêçëâáääëKÅçKìâFK= = =

råáí=f^W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó== =

bäÉãÉåí= kìãÄÉê=

bäÉãÉåí=qáíäÉ=

N=

= mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= =

O=

içëë=Å~ìë~íáçå=~åÇ=áåÅáÇÉåí= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå= =

P= Q=

oÉÅçãJ ãÉåÇÉÇ= Üçìêë=

oÉäÉî~åí= mêçëâáääë=ìåáíë= ~åÇ=ÉäÉãÉåíë=

= m~ÖÉ=

U=

epm=NI=PI=RI=NN=

NT=

R= = =

epm=QI=UI=NM=

ON=

S=

epm=QJRITJNN=

OP=

NO=

epm=QJU=

OS=

=

jÉ~ëìêáåÖ=~åÇ=êÉîáÉïáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= = fÇÉåíáÑóáåÖ=Ü~ò~êÇëI=~ëëÉëëáåÖ=~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáåÖ=êáëâë= =

=

R=

oáëâ=Åçåíêçä=

U=

epm=QJSI=UI=NP=

OU=

S=

lêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë=

NO=

epm=NJRI=NN=

PM=

T=

eìã~å=Ñ~Åíçêë=

NO=

epm=NJ=R=

PP=

U=

oÉÖìä~íáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=

NS=

epm=NI=SJVI=NO=

PS=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

=

jáåáãìã=ìåáí=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ= = oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó=íáãÉ= =

TV=

=

=

TR=

=

=

= =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

råáí= f_W= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= çÑ= Ü~ò~êÇçìë= ~ÖÉåíë= áå= íÜÉ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ== =

bäÉãÉåí= kìãÄÉê= N=

O=

P=

bäÉãÉåí=qáíäÉ= = mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=íçñáÅçäçÖó=~åÇ= ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖó= = = e~ò~êÇçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê= ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=Ó=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâ= = = e~ò~êÇçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê= ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=Ó=ÉåÖáåÉÉêáåÖ=Åçåíêçäë=~åÇ= éÉêëçå~ä=éêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= =

oÉÅçãJ ãÉåÇÉÇ= Üçìêë=

oÉäÉî~åí= mêçëâáääë=ìåáíë= ~åÇ=ÉäÉãÉåíë=

= m~ÖÉ=

U=

epm=QJSI=UI=NP=

PV=

R=

epm=QI=S=

QO=

Q=

epm=RJTI=NP=

QR=

=

Q=

jçåáíçêáåÖ=~åÇ=ãÉ~ëìêáåÖ=

S=

epm=RI=TJV=

QT=

R=

_áçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=

T=

epm=RJV=

RM=

S=

mÜóëáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=N=Ó=åçáëÉ=~åÇ=îáÄê~íáçå=

NM=

epm=RJV=

RO=

T=

mÜóëáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=O=J=ê~Çá~íáçå=

V=

epm=RJU=

RS=

U=

mëóÅÜçJëçÅá~ä=~ÖÉåíë=

R=

epm=OI=RJVI=NP=

RV=

V=

jìëÅìäçëâÉäÉí~ä=êáëâë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë=

Q=

epm=RJV=

SN=

NM=

tçêâ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=êáëâë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë=

R=

epm=RJNMI=NP=

SP=

NN=

j~å~ÖáåÖ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=

U=

epm=OJPI=RJVI=NNI=NP=

SS=

=

jáåáãìã=ìåáí=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ= = oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó=íáãÉ= =

TN=

=

=

RM=

=

=

= =

= =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NQ

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

råáí=f`W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=ë~ÑÉíó== =

bäÉãÉåí= kìãÄÉê=

bäÉãÉåí=qáíäÉ=

oÉÅçãJ ãÉåÇÉÇ= Üçìêë=

oÉäÉî~åí= mêçëâáääë=ìåáíë= ~åÇ=ÉäÉãÉåíë=

= m~ÖÉ=

N=

dÉåÉê~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=áëëìÉë=

T=

epm=RJS=

SU=

O=

mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÑáêÉ=~åÇ=Éñéäçëáçå=

S=

epm=RJSI=NP=

TN=

P=

tçêâéä~ÅÉ=ÑáêÉ=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=

S=

epm=QJSI=NM=

TQ=

Q=

= píçê~ÖÉI=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=~åÇ=éêçÅÉëëáåÖ=çÑ= Ç~åÖÉêçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= =

T=

epm=QJRI=VJNM=

TT=

R=

tçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=EÖÉåÉê~äF=

V=

epm=QJVI=NP=

UM=

NN=

epm=QJVI=NP=

UO=

S=

epm=QJVI=NP=

US=

T=

epm=QJVI=NP=

UU=

S=

T=

U=

= tçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=Eïçêâéä~ÅÉ= ã~ÅÜáåÉêóF= = = tçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=EãçÄáäÉI=äáÑíáåÖ=~åÇ= ~ÅÅÉëëF= = = bäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ë~ÑÉíó== =

=

V=

`çåëíêìÅíáçå=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë=

T=

epm=QJTI=NM=

VN=

NM=

= tçêâéä~ÅÉ=íê~åëéçêí=~åÇ=ÇêáîáåÖ=Ñçê= ïçêâ= =

Q=

epm=NI=PJV=

VP=

NN=

mêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉã=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë=

R=

epm=RI=TJV=

VR=

=

jáåáãìã=ìåáí=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ= = oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó=íáãÉ= =

TR=

=

=

RM=

=

=

=

=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NR

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

råáí=faW== éê~ÅíáÅÉ=

^ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=íÜÉçêó=~åÇ= =

bäÉãÉåí= kìãÄÉê=

bäÉãÉåí=qáíäÉ=

oÉÅçãJ ãÉåÇÉÇ= Üçìêë=

oÉäÉî~åí= mêçëâáääë=ìåáíë= ~åÇ=ÉäÉãÉåíë=

= m~ÖÉ=

N=

= ^ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó= íÜÉçêó=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ= =

S=

epm=NJNP=

VT=

S=

=

=

RM=

=

=

= = =

=

=

=

=

=

jáåáãìã=íçí~ä=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=

OPN=

=

=

OOR=

=

=

QRS=

=

=

=

=

=

jáåáãìã=ìåáí=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ= = oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó=íáãÉ= =

=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íçí~ä=éêáî~íÉ=ëíìÇó= íáãÉ= = = qçí~ä=çîÉê~ää=Üçìêë= =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NS

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= =

QKN= = = = =

råáí=f^W== fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ= = = ~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=

lîÉê~ää=äÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉ=

= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ìåáíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=íÜÉáê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= Ççã~áå=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=ÅçîÉêÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜW= = NK= qÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=íç=Ñ~ãáäá~ê=~åÇ=ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê=ëáíì~íáçåëX=~åÇ= = OK= qÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ=ÑçêãëK= = få=~ÇÇáíáçå=É~ÅÜ=ÉäÉãÉåí=Ü~ë=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=äÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉëK=

= bäÉãÉåí=f^NW= mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ==

=

=

=

=

=

iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f^NKN= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= ãçê~äI= äÉÖ~ä= ~åÇ= ÉÅçåçãáÅ= êÉ~ëçåë= Ñçê= ~= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ëóëíÉã= = f^NKO= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ëçÅáÉí~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë=ïÜáÅÜ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=~åÇ=éêáçêáíáÉë= = f^NKP= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=~åÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çÑ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíóI=èì~äáíóI=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~äI= ~åÇ= áåíÉÖê~íÉÇ= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ëóëíÉãë= ïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= êÉÅçÖåáëÉÇ= ãçÇÉäë= ~åÇ= ëí~åÇ~êÇë= = f^NKQ= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=êçäÉ=~åÇ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉêK=

`çåíÉåí= fNKN= 

oÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=ã~å~ÖáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=

jçê~äW= -

=

ÅçåÅÉéí=çÑ=êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ=Å~êÉ= ìå~ÅÅÉéí~Äáäáíó=çÑ=éìííáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=çÑ=éÉçéäÉ=~í=êáëâ= ëçÅáÉíóÛë=~ííáíìÇÉ=íç=ãçê~ä=çÄäáÖ~íáçåë= ~ÅÅáÇÉåíLáåÅáÇÉåí=~åÇ=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=ëí~íáëíáÅë= ÜáÖÜÉêJêáëâ=áåÇìëíêáÉë= ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=ëáòÉ=çÑ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=çå=~ÅÅáÇÉåíLáåÅáÇÉåí=ê~íÉë=

=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NT

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = 

iÉÖ~äW= -



=

íÜÉ=éêÉîÉåíáîÉ=EÄó=ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí=åçíáÅÉëF= éìåáíáîÉ=EíÜêçìÖÜ=Åêáãáå~ä=ë~åÅíáçåëF= ÅçãéÉåë~íçêó=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ä~ï= éêáåÅáéäÉ=çÑ=ëÉäÑJêÉÖìä~íáçå=

bÅçåçãáÅW= = -

Åçëíë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=áåÅáÇÉåíë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=áãé~Åí=çå=ëçÅáÉíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå= áåëìêÉÇ=~åÇ=ìåJáåëìêÉÇ=Åçëíë== Ñáå~åÅá~ä=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=çÑ=éçëáíáîÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíK=

f^NKO= pçÅáÉí~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë=ïÜáÅÜ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=~åÇ=éêáçêáíáÉë= 

c~ÅíçêëW= -



ÉÅçåçãáÅ=Åäáã~íÉI=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí=éçäáÅó=~åÇ=áåáíá~íáîÉë== áåÇìëíêóLÄìëáåÉëë=êáëâ=éêçÑáäÉ= ÖäçÄ~äáë~íáçå=çÑ=ÄìëáåÉëë= ãáÖê~åí=ïçêâÉêë= äÉîÉä=çÑ=ëáÅâåÉëë=~ÄëÉåÅÉ= ëçÅáÉí~ä=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=çÑ=Éèì~äáíó=ÉÖ==~ÇàìëíãÉåíë=Ñçê=ïçêâÉêë=ïáíÜ=Çáë~ÄáäáíáÉë=

mêáåÅáéäÉ=çÑ=ÚÅçêéçê~íÉ=ëçÅá~ä=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíóÛK=

f^NKP=

mêáåÅáéäÉë=~åÇ=ÅçåíÉåí=çÑ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãë=



qÜÉ=ãÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=ÚÜ~ò~êÇÛI=ÚêáëâÛI=ÚÇ~åÖÉêÛ=



hÉó=ÉäÉãÉåíë=çÑ=~å=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉã=



qÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=~åÇ=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=çÑ=êáëâ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çå=~=ÖäçÄ~ä=éÉêëéÉÅíáîÉ=



lêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=ãçÇÉäë=Ñçê=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíI=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~ääóW= J J

 

_ÉåÉÑáíë= ~åÇ= äáãáí~íáçåë= çÑ= áåíÉÖê~íáçå= çÑ= èì~äáíóI= ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~äI= ~åÇ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãë= qÜÉ=âÉó=íóéáÅ~ä=ÅçãéçåÉåíë=áå=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãëW= J J J J J J J



filJlpeJOMMN= dìáÇÉäáåÉë= çå= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= eÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= p~ÑÉíó= j~å~ÖÉãÉåí= póëíÉãëK= filI=OMMN= lep^p= NUMMN= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= eÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= j~å~ÖÉãÉåí= póëíÉãëW= péÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåK= _êáíáëÜ= pí~åÇ~êÇë=fåëíáíìíáçåI=OMMT=

ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ÅçããáíãÉåí= éçäáÅó= çêÖ~åáëáåÖ= éä~ååáåÖ=~åÇ=áãéäÉãÉåíáåÖ= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=êÉîáÉï= ~ìÇáí= Åçåíáåì~ä=áãéêçîÉãÉåí=

qçí~ä=èì~äáíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=~åÇ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãëW== J

fpl=VMMM=ëÉêáÉë=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NU

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= J

fpl=NQMMM=ëÉêáÉë=



qÜÉ=~êÖìãÉåíë=Ñçê=~åÇ=~Ö~áåëí=áåíÉÖê~íáçå=çÑ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãë=



qÜÉ= êÉ~ëçåë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= áåíêçÇìÅíáçå= çÑ= Ñçêã~ä= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ëóëíÉãëI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=~ääçÅ~íáçå=çÑ=êÉëçìêÅÉë=~åÇ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉëI=ëÉííáåÖ=~åÇ=ãçåáíçêáåÖ= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Éëí~ÄäáëÜãÉåí=çÑ=ëóëíÉãë=Ñçê=ÑÉÉÇÄ~Åâ=~åÇ=áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå= çÑ=ÅçêêÉÅíáîÉ=~Åíáçå=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ãáåáãáëÉ=äçëë=EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=bäÉãÉåí=f^SF=



qÜÉ= êçäÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= éçäáÅó= áå= êÉä~íáçå= íç= ~= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ëóëíÉã=~åÇ=~ë=~=îÉÜáÅäÉ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=áåÑçêã~íáçå=



qÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=~=ïêáííÉå=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éçäáÅó=~åÇ=Ñçê=êÉÅçêÇáåÖ=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=áå= êÉäÉî~åí=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=



qÜÉ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=éêáåÅáéäÉë=~åÇ=çÄàÉÅíáîÉë=çÑ=~=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éçäáÅó=ÇçÅìãÉåí=



qÜÉ= áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçåI= ÄÉåÉÑáíë= ~åÇ= äáãáí~íáçåë= çÑ= íÜÉ= áåíêçÇìÅíáçå= çÑ= Åçããçå= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= éêáåÅáéäÉëI= ëí~åÇ~êÇë= ~åÇ= ëóëíÉãë= áå= çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë= çéÉê~íáåÖ= çå= ~= ïçêäÇJïáÇÉ=Ä~ëáë=EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=bäÉãÉåí=f^SF=



fåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=Åçêéçê~íÉ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíó=~åÇ=ÄìëáåÉëë=ÉíÜáÅë=çå=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=bäÉãÉåí=f^SF=



qÜÉ= êçäÉ= çÑ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= áå= ÖäçÄ~ä= Åçêéçê~íÉ= ëçÅá~ä= êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíó= E`poF= ÖìáÇÉäáåÉë= ~åÇ= ëí~åÇ~êÇë=EråáíÉÇ=k~íáçåë=däçÄ~ä=`çãé~ÅíX=p^UMMMX=däçÄ~ä=oÉéçêíáåÖ=fåáíá~íáîÉFK===

f^NKQ=

oçäÉ=~åÇ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉê=



qÜÉ= êçäÉ= çÑ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= éê~ÅíáíáçåÉêë= áå= íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíI= ÇÉëáÖåI= áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçåI= Éî~äì~íáçå=~åÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãë=



oçäÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= éê~ÅíáíáçåÉê= áå= áåÑäìÉåÅáåÖ= áåîçäîÉãÉåí= ~åÇ= ÅçåÇìÅí= ~í= ~ää= äÉîÉäë=çÑ=~å=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=



jÉ~åáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉ= íÉêã= ÚÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉÛ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= Ñçê= ÅçåíáåìáåÖ= éêçÑÉëëáçå~ä= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=Ñçê=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉêë=íç=ã~áåí~áå=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=



qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉêë=íç=Éî~äì~íÉ=~åÇ=ÇÉîÉäçé=íÜÉáê=çïå=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=



qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ==Ñçê=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉêë=íç=Åçåëìäí=ïáíÜ=çíÜÉêë=áÑ=~ééêçéêá~íÉI=ÉÖI=ïÜÉå= ïçêâáåÖ=çìíëáÇÉ=çÑ=íÜÉáê=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=



jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉêã=ÚÉíÜáÅëÛ=



mê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= ÉíÜáÅ~ä= éêáåÅáéäÉë= EÉÖI= ÜçåÉëíóI= êÉëéÉÅíI= áåíÉÖêáíóF= íÜ~í= ìåÇÉêéáå= éêçÑÉëëáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉê=ÅçÇÉë=çÑ=ÅçåÇìÅí=



aÉ~äáåÖ=ïáíÜ=ÅçåÑäáÅíë=çÑ=áåíÉêÉëíK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NV

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NRRI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçå=I=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçå=oNSQI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçå=I=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN= fpl=VMMN=nì~äáíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãë=J=oÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= fpl=NQMMM=ëÉêáÉë=båîáêçåãÉåí~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãë=Ó=oÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= lep^p=NUMMN=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=póëíÉãëW=péÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçå== lep^p=NUMMO=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãë=Ô=dìáÇÉäáåÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ= áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=lep^p=NUMMN= filJlpeJOMMN=dìáÇÉäáåÉë=çå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=póëíÉãëK=filI=OMMN=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=U=Üçìêë= =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

OM

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f^OW= içëë=Å~ìë~íáçå=~åÇ=áåÅáÇÉåí==áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå= =

=

iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f^OKN= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=íÜÉçêáÉë=çÑ=äçëë=Å~ìë~íáçå= = f^OKO= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~å~äóëáë= çÑ= ~ÅÅáÇÉåíLáåÅáÇÉåí= ~åÇ= áää= ÜÉ~äíÜ= Ç~í~I= äáãáí~íáçåë= çÑ= íÜÉáê=~ééäáÅ~íáçåI=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=éêÉëÉåí~íáçå=áå=åìãÉêáÅ~ä=~åÇ=Öê~éÜáÅ~ä=Ñçêã= = f^OKP= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= ÉñíÉêå~ä= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= áåíÉêå~ä= êÉéçêíáåÖ= ~åÇ= êÉÅçêÇáåÖ= ëóëíÉãë= Ñçê= äçëë= ÉîÉåíë= EáåàìêáÉëI=áääJÜÉ~äíÜI=Ç~åÖÉêçìë=çÅÅìêêÉåÅÉëF=~åÇ=åÉ~êJãáëëÉë= = f^OKQ= bñéä~áå=äçëë=~åÇ=åÉ~ê=ãáëë=áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçåëX=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíëI=ÄÉåÉÑáíëI=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI=íÜÉ= = ÇçÅìãÉåí~íáçåI= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= áåîçäîÉãÉåí= çÑ= ~åÇ= ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçå= ïáíÜ= êÉäÉî~åí= ëí~ÑÑ= ~åÇ= = êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉëK=

`çåíÉåí= f^OKN= qÜÉçêáÉë=çÑ=äçëë=Å~ìë~íáçå= 

^ÅÅáÇÉåíLáåÅáÇÉåí=ê~íáç=ëíìÇáÉëI=íÜÉáê=ìëÉ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=äáãáí~íáçåë=



açãáåç=~åÇ=ãìäíáJÅ~ìë~äáíó=íÜÉçêáÉëI=áããÉÇá~íÉ=~åÇ=ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ=Å~ìëÉë=



i~íÉåí=~åÇ=~ÅíáîÉ=Ñ~áäìêÉë=Ó=oÉ~ëçåÛë=ãçÇÉä=çÑ=~ÅÅáÇÉåí=Å~ìë~íáçåK=

f^OKO= nì~åíáí~íáîÉ=~å~äóëáë=çÑ=~ÅÅáÇÉåí=~åÇ=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=Ç~í~= 

jÉíÜçÇë=çÑ=Å~äÅìä~íáåÖ=äçëë=ê~íÉë=Ñêçã=ê~ï=Ç~í~W=~ÅÅáÇÉåíLáåÅáÇÉåí=ÑêÉèìÉåÅó=ê~íÉI=~ÅÅáÇÉåí= áåÅáÇÉåÅÉ=ê~íÉI=~ÅÅáÇÉåí=ëÉîÉêáíó=ê~íÉI=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=éêÉî~äÉåÅÉ=ê~íÉ=



qÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= äáãáí~íáçåë= çÑ= ëáãéäÉ= ëí~íáëíáÅ~ä= ~åÇ= ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëÉë= áå= íÜÉ= áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=é~ííÉêåë=~åÇ=íêÉåÇë=



mêÉëÉåíáåÖ= ~åÇ= áåíÉêéêÉíáåÖ= äçëë= ÉîÉåí= Ç~í~= áå= Öê~éÜáÅ~ä= ~åÇ= åìãÉêáÅ~ä= Ñçêã~íI= ìëáåÖ= Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ÜáëíçÖê~ãëI=éáÉ=ÅÜ~êíë=~åÇ=äáåÉ=Öê~éÜë=



mêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑ= ëí~íáëíáÅ~ä= î~êá~ÄáäáíóI= î~äáÇáíó= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= ÇáëíêáÄìíáçåë= EÉÖI= ë~ãéäáåÖ= ~= éçéìä~íáçåI=Éêêçêë=áå=Ç~í~FK=

f^OKP= oÉéçêíáåÖ= ~åÇ= êÉÅçêÇáåÖ= çÑ= äçëë= ÉîÉåíë= EáåàìêáÉëI= áääJÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= Ç~åÖÉêçìë= çÅÅìêêÉåÅÉëF=~åÇ=åÉ~ê=ãáëëÉë= 

oÉéçêíáåÖ= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉëX= áåíÉêå~ä= êÉéçêíáåÖ= ~åÇ= êÉÅçêÇáåÖ= ëóëíÉãë= ïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉW=oÉÅçêÇáåÖ=~åÇ=kçíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=^ÅÅáÇÉåíë= ~åÇ=aáëÉ~ëÉë=ENVVSFK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

ON

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f^OKQ= içëë=~åÇ=åÉ~ê=ãáëë=áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçåë= 

fãéäáÉÇ=äÉÖ~ä=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=



mìêéçëÉë=çÑ=áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå=áåÅäìÇáåÖW= J J J J J



ÇáëÅçîÉêó=çÑ=ìåÇÉêäóáåÖ=Å~ìëÉë= éêÉîÉåíáçå=çÑ=êÉÅìêêÉåÅÉ= äÉÖ~ä=äá~Äáäáíó= Ç~í~=Ö~íÜÉêáåÖ= áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=íêÉåÇë=

fåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖáÉë=íç=áåÅäìÇÉW= J J J J J

~ÅÅáÇÉåíLáåÅáÇÉåíLåÉ~ê=ãáëë=êÉéçêí=Ñçêãë= Ö~íÜÉêáåÖ=çÑ=êÉäÉî~åí=áåÑçêã~íáçå= áåíÉêîáÉïáåÖ=ïáíåÉëëÉë= ~å~äóëáë=çÑ=áåÑçêã~íáçå= áåîçäîÉãÉåí= çÑ= ã~å~ÖÉêëI= ëìéÉêîáëçêëI= ÉãéäçóÉÉëÛ= êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉë= ~åÇ= çíÜÉêë= áå= íÜÉ= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå=éêçÅÉëë=



`çããìåáÅ~íáçåë=ïáíÜ=~=é~êíáÅìä~ê=ÑçÅìë=çå=êÉãÉÇá~ä=~Åíáçåë=~åÇ=äÉëëçåë=äÉ~êåí=



oççí= Å~ìëÉ= ~å~äóëáë= ãÉíÜçÇë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= Ñ~ìäí= íêÉÉ= ~å~äóëáë= ~ë= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáîÉ= íççäë= EêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= bäÉãÉåí=f^QFK= =

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NRRI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçå=oNSQI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=oÉÅçêÇáåÖ=~åÇ=kçíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=^ÅÅáÇÉåíë=~åÇ=aáëÉ~ëÉë= ^å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVSK=fp_k=VOONMVQRN= eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=bñÉÅìíáîÉI=DfåîÉëíáÖ~íáåÖ=~ÅÅáÇÉåíë=~åÇ=áåÅáÇÉåíë=J=~=ïçêâÄççâ=Ñçê=ÉãéäçóÉêëI= ìåáçåëI=ë~ÑÉíó=êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉë=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éêçÑÉëëáçå~äë=EepdOQRFI=epb=_ççâë===fp_k=VTU=M=TNTS= OUOTO=U=

=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=R=Üçìêë= =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

OO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f^PW= jÉ~ëìêáåÖ= ~åÇ= êÉîáÉïáåÖ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= = = = éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f^PKN== bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= éìêéçëÉ= çÑ= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= áå= êÉä~íáçå= íç= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= çÄàÉÅíáîÉë=~åÇ=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë== = f^PKO= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=ÑçêI=~åÇ=íÜÉ=çÄàÉÅíáîÉë=~åÇ=äáãáí~íáçåë=çÑI=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ãçåáíçêáåÖ= ëóëíÉãë= = f^PKP= aÉëÅêáÄÉ=íÜÉ=î~êáÉíó=çÑ=ãçåáíçêáåÖ=~åÇ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= = f^PKQ= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=êÉîáÉïáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉK= =

`çåíÉåí= f^PKN= mìêéçëÉ=çÑ=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= 

qÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë=~åÇ=~ééêçéêá~íÉåÉëë=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=çÄàÉÅíáîÉë=~åÇ= ~êê~åÖÉãÉåíëI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=



qÜÉ= ã~âáåÖ= çÑ= êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåë= Ñçê= êÉîáÉï= çÑ= ÅìêêÉåí= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ëóëíÉãëK=

f^PKO= jçåáíçêáåÖ=ëóëíÉãë= 

kÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ~= ê~åÖÉ= çÑ= ÄçíÜ= ~ÅíáîÉ= ~åÇ= êÉ~ÅíáîÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= íç= ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ= ïÜÉíÜÉê= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó=çÄàÉÅíáîÉë=Ü~îÉ=ÄÉÉå=ãÉí=



lÄàÉÅíáîÉë= çÑ= ~ÅíáîÉ= ãçåáíçêáåÖ= Ó= íç= ÅÜÉÅâ= íÜ~í= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= éä~åë= Ü~îÉ= ÄÉÉå= áãéäÉãÉåíÉÇ= ~åÇ= íç= ãçåáíçê= íÜÉ= ÉñíÉåí= çÑ= Åçãéäá~åÅÉ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= çêÖ~åáë~íáçåÛë= ëóëíÉãëLéêçÅÉÇìêÉë=~åÇ=äÉÖáëä~íáîÉLíÉÅÜåáÅ~ä=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=



lÄàÉÅíáîÉë=çÑ=êÉ~ÅíáîÉ=ãçåáíçêáåÖ=Ó=íç=~å~äóëÉ=Ç~í~=êÉä~íáåÖ=íç=~ÅÅáÇÉåíëI=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=çíÜÉê= äçëë=Å~ìëáåÖ=ÉîÉåíë=



iáãáí~íáçåë=çÑ=éä~ÅáåÖ=êÉäá~åÅÉ=çå=~ÅÅáÇÉåíLáåÅáÇÉåí=~åÇ=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=Ç~í~=



qÜÉ= ÇáëíáåÅíáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉåI= ~åÇ= ~ééäáÅ~Äáäáíó= çÑI= ~ÅíáîÉLêÉ~ÅíáîÉI= çÄàÉÅíáîÉLëìÄàÉÅíáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉLèì~åíáí~íáîÉ=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉëK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

OP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f^PKP= jçåáíçêáåÖ=~åÇ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= 

qÜÉ=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=Éî~äì~íÉ=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=çÑ= ~å=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=~åÇ=Üçï=íÜÉëÉ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ìíáäáëÉÇ=íç=êÉîáÉï=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉã=



oçäÉ= ~åÇ= éìêéçëÉ= çÑ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ~ìÇáíëI= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= áåëéÉÅíáçåëI= ë~ÑÉíó= íçìêëI= ë~ÑÉíó= ë~ãéäáåÖI=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ëìêîÉóë=



qÜÉ= âÉó= ÉäÉãÉåíë= ~åÇ= ÑÉ~íìêÉë= çÑ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ~ìÇáíëI= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= áåëéÉÅíáçåëI= ë~ÑÉíó= íçìêëI=ë~ÑÉíó=ë~ãéäáåÖI=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ëìêîÉóë=



fåJÜçìëÉ= ~åÇ= éêçéêáÉí~êó= ~ìÇáí= ëóëíÉãë= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉëëÉëX= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= ÅçãéìíÉê= íÉÅÜåçäçÖó= íç= ~ëëáëí=áå=Ç~í~=ëíçê~ÖÉ=~åÇ=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=éêçÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=êÉéçêíë=



`çãé~êáëçå=çÑ=éêÉîáçìë=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=Ç~í~=ïáíÜ=íÜ~í=çÑ=ëáãáä~ê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåëLáåÇìëíêó=ëÉÅíçêë= ~åÇ=ïáíÜ=å~íáçå~ä=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=Ç~í~K==rëÉ=~åÇ=éçíÉåíá~ä=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=çÑ=ÄÉåÅÜã~êâáåÖK=

f^PKQ= oÉîáÉïáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= 

kÉÉÇ=Ñçê=Ñçêã~ä=~åÇ=áåÑçêã~ä=êÉîáÉïë=çÑ=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=



mêçÅÉëë=çÑ=êÉîáÉï=



fåéìíë= íç= ~= êÉîáÉï= éêçÅÉëë= Ó= áåíÉêå~ä= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= Ç~í~I= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= çÄàÉÅíáîÉëI= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=ÅÜ~åÖÉI=ÉñíÉêå~ä=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=~åÇ=ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=



lìíéìíë= Ñêçã= ~= êÉîáÉï= éêçÅÉëë= Ó= ~Åíáçåë= ~åÇ= áãéêçîÉãÉåí= éä~åëI= ëí~âÉÜçäÇÉê= êÉéçêíëI= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=í~êÖÉíëK=

= = qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= = píÉé=`Ü~åÖÉ=áå=p~ÑÉíóK=iÉ~ÇáåÖ=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=áåÇáÅ~íçêë=Ó=dìáÇ~åÅÉ=Ñçê=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ìëÉK= = råÇ~íÉÇK= = Üííé://www.stepchangeinsafety.net/knowledgecentre/publications/publication.cfm/publ = icationid/26= = eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=bñÉÅìíáîÉK=aÉîÉäçéáåÖ=éêçÅÉëë=ë~ÑÉíó=áåÇáÅ~íçêëW=~=ëíÉéJÄóJëíÉé=ÖìáÇÉ= = Ñçê=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=~åÇ=ã~àçê=Ü~ò~êÇ=áåÇìëíêáÉëK=epdORQK=pìÇÄìêóW=epb=_ççâëI=OMMSK= = ïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLéìÄåëLÄççâëLÜëÖORQKÜíãK= = ^ãÉêáÅ~å=fåëíáíìíÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~ä=båÖáåÉÉêëK=``mp=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåë=Ñçê=éêçÅÉëë=ë~ÑÉíó= = äÉ~ÇáåÖ=~åÇ=ä~ÖÖáåÖ=áåÇáÅ~íçêëK=kÉï=vçêâW=^f`ÜbI=OMMUK= = ïïïK~áÅÜÉKçêÖLìéäç~ÇÉÇcáäÉëL``mpLjÉíêáÅëL``mp|ãÉíêáÅëBOMRKNSKMUKéÇÑ=ÓáåÅäìÇÉë= = ÇÉÑáåáíáçåë=Ñçê=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=ÚéêçÅÉëë=ë~ÑÉíó=ãÉíêáÅëÛI=Ñçê=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=Åçãé~êáëçåë=ÄÉíïÉÉå= = ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=ëáíÉë=~åÇ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåëK== = eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=bñÉÅìíáîÉ=`çêéçê~íÉ=eÉ~äíÜ=C=p~ÑÉíó=mÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=fåÇÉñ=E`e~pmfFW== = ÜííéWLLïïïKÅÜ~ëéáKáåÑçJÉñÅÜ~åÖÉKÅçã = eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=bñÉÅìíáîÉK=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=mÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=fåÇáÅ~íçê=EepmfFK=OMMRK=J= = ëáãáä~ê=íç=`e~pmfI=Äìí=Ñçê=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=ïáíÜ=ÑÉïÉê=íÜ~å=ORM=ÉãéäçóÉÉëW== = http://online.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/haspi= = fåëíáíìíÉ=çÑ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=EflpeF=oÉéçêíáåÖ=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉK==dìáÇ~åÅÉ=çå= = áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=áå=~ååì~ä=êÉéçêíëW= = ÜííéWLLïïïKáçëÜKÅçKìâLáåÑçêã~íáçå|~åÇ|êÉëçìêÅÉëLÖìáÇ~åÅÉ|~åÇ|íççäëK~ëéñ@j~å~ÖáåÖ= = oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=S=Üçìêë= «=kb_lpe=OMNN=

OQ

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f^QW= fÇÉåíáÑóáåÖ=Ü~ò~êÇëI=~ëëÉëëáåÖ=~åÇ=Éî~äì~íáåÖ= = = = êáëâë= =

iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f^QKN= aÉëÅêáÄÉ=Üçï=íç=ìëÉ=áåíÉêå~ä=~åÇ=ÉñíÉêå~ä=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=áå=íÜÉ=áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ= Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâ= = f^QKO= lìíäáåÉ=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇ=áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= = f^QKP= bñéä~áå=Üçï=íç=~ëëÉëë=~åÇ=Éî~äì~íÉ=êáëâ=~åÇ=íç=áãéäÉãÉåí=~=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=éêçÖê~ããÉ== = f^QKQ= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= ~åÇ= íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= çÑ= Ñ~áäìêÉ= íê~ÅáåÖ= ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖáÉë= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= = Å~äÅìä~íáçåëK==

`çåíÉåí== f^QKN= pçìêÅÉë= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= áå= íÜÉ= áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= Ü~ò~êÇë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= çÑ= êáëâ= 

^ÅÅáÇÉåíLáåÅáÇÉåí=~åÇ=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=Ç~í~=~åÇ=ê~íÉë=Ó=áåÅáÇÉåÅÉI=ÑêÉèìÉåÅóI=ëÉîÉêáíóI=éêÉî~äÉåÅÉ=



bñíÉêå~ä= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ëçìêÅÉë= EÉÖI= = êÉäÉî~åí= ÖçîÉêåãÉåí~ä= ~ÖÉåÅáÉë= Elpe^LepbFI= bìêçéÉ~å= p~ÑÉíó=^ÖÉåÅóI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçå=J=filI=tçêäÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=lêÖ~åáë~íáçå=J=telI= éêçÑÉëëáçå~ä=~åÇ=íê~ÇÉ=ÄçÇáÉëF=



fåíÉêå~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ëçìêÅÉë=Ó=ÅçääÉÅíáçåI=éêçîáëáçåI=~å~äóëáë=~åÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=Ç~ã~ÖÉI=áåàìêóI=~åÇ= áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=Ç~í~I=åÉ~êJãáëë=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~åÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=êÉÅçêÇë=



rëÉë=~åÇ=äáãáí~íáçåë=çÑ=ÉñíÉêå~ä=~åÇ=áåíÉêå~ä=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ëçìêÅÉëK=

f^QKO= e~ò~êÇ=áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= 

rëÉ= çÑ= çÄëÉêî~íáçåI= í~ëâ= ~å~äóëáëI= ÅÜÉÅâäáëíë= ~åÇ= Ñ~áäìêÉ= íê~ÅáåÖ= íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= Ü~ò~êÇ= ~åÇ=çéÉê~Äáäáíó=ëíìÇáÉë=EêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=f^QKQF=



fãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêâÉê=áåéìíK=

f^QKP= ^ëëÉëëãÉåí=~åÇ=Éî~äì~íáçå=çÑ=êáëâ= 

hÉó=ëíÉéë=áå=~=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=éêçÅÉëë=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ÉåëìêáåÖ=ëìáí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=ëìÑÑáÅáÉåí=ÅçîÉê~ÖÉ=çÑ= êáëâëI= áÇÉåíáÑóáåÖ= Ü~ò~êÇëI= éÉêëçåë= ~í= êáëâI= Ñ~Åíçêë= ~ÑÑÉÅíáåÖ= éêçÄ~Äáäáíó= ~åÇ= ëÉîÉêáíóI= êáëâ= Éî~äì~íáçå= ~åÇ= êÉèìáêÉÇ= êáëâ= Åçåíêçä= ëí~åÇ~êÇëI= Ñçêãìä~íáçå= çÑ= ~ÅíáçåëI= éêáçêáíáë~íáçå= çÑ= ~Åíáçåë=~åÇ=êÉÅçêÇáåÖ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=



qÉãéçê~êó=ëáíì~íáçåë=



aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë= ÄÉíïÉÉåI= ~åÇ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑI= èì~äáí~íáîÉI= ëÉãáJèì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåíë=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

OR

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 

lêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=áãéäÉãÉåíáåÖ=~åÇ=ã~áåí~áåáåÖ=~å=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí= éêçÖê~ããÉ= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI= êÉÅçêÇáåÖ= éêçíçÅçäëI= íê~áåáåÖI= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉI= êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉëI=~ìíÜçêáë~íáçå=~åÇ=ÑçääçïJìé=çÑ=~ÅíáçåëI=ãçåáíçêáåÖ=~åÇ=êÉîáÉï=



^ÅÅÉéí~ÄáäáíóLíçäÉê~Äáäáíó=çÑ=êáëâK==

f^QKQ= c~áäìêÉ=íê~ÅáåÖ=ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖáÉë= 

mêáåÅáéäÉë=~åÇ=íÉÅÜåáèìÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÑçääçïáåÖ=Ñ~áäìêÉ=íê~ÅáåÖ=ãÉíÜçÇë=áå=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâW= -

= = = = = = = = = =

Ü~ò~êÇ=~åÇ=çéÉê~Äáäáíó=ëíìÇáÉë= Ñ~ìäí=íêÉÉ=~å~äóëáë= ÉîÉåí=íêÉÉ=~å~äóëáëK=

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë== fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=mêÉîÉåíáçå=çÑ=j~àçê=fåÇìëíêá~ä=^ÅÅáÇÉåíë=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NTQI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVP= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=mêÉîÉåíáçå=çÑ=j~àçê=fåÇìëíêá~ä=^ÅÅáÇÉåíëI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ= mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVNK=fp_k=VOONMTNMNQ= `Ü~éíÉê=NW=dÉåÉê~ä=éêçîáëáçåë= `Ü~éíÉê=OW=`çãéçåÉåíë=çÑ=~=ã~àçê=Ü~ò~êÇ=Åçåíêçä=ëóëíÉã=

`Ü~éíÉê=PW=dÉåÉê~ä=ÇìíáÉë= = = `Ü~éíÉê=QW=mêÉêÉèìáëáíÉë=Ñçê=~=ã~àçê=Ü~ò~êÇ=Åçåíêçä=ëóëíÉã= = `Ü~éíÉê=RW=^å~äóëáë=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=êáëâë= = `Ü~éíÉê=SW=`çåíêçä=çÑ=íÜÉ=Å~ìëÉë=çÑ=ã~àçê=áåÇìëíêá~ä=~ÅÅáÇÉåíë= = == = oÉÇìÅáåÖ=êáëâëI=éêçíÉÅíáåÖ=éÉçéäÉ=EoOmOFK==epb=_ççâë==fp_k=M=TNTS=ONRN=M= = = =

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=NO=Üçìêë=

=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

OS

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f^RW= oáëâ=`çåíêçä= =

iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f^RKN= lìíäáåÉ=Åçããçå=êáëâ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëíê~íÉÖáÉë= = f^RKO= lìíäáåÉ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íç=ÄÉ=í~âÉå=áåíç=~ÅÅçìåí=ïÜÉå=ëÉäÉÅíáåÖ=êáëâ=Åçåíêçäë= = f^RKP= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåíI= ã~áå= ÑÉ~íìêÉë= ~åÇ= çéÉê~íáçå= çÑ= ë~ÑÉ= ëóëíÉãë= çÑ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= éÉêãáíJíçJïçêâ=ëóëíÉãëK=

`çåíÉåí= f^RKN= `çããçå=êáëâ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëíê~íÉÖáÉë= 

qÜÉ= ÅçåÅÉéíë= çÑ= ~îçáÇ~åÅÉI= êÉÇìÅíáçåI= íê~åëÑÉê= ~åÇ= êÉíÉåíáçå= ïáíÜLïáíÜçìí= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= ïáíÜáå=~=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=éêçÖê~ããÉI=ïáíÜ=êÉäÉî~åí=Éñ~ãéäÉë=EÉÖI=êÉÇÉëáÖå= çÑ=í~ëâëI=~ìíçã~íáçå=çÑ=éêçÅÉëëI=áåëìê~åÅÉ=éçäáÅáÉëI=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëéÉÅá~äáëí=Åçåíê~ÅíçêëF=



c~Åíçêë= íç= ÄÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ëÉäÉÅíáçå= çÑ= ~å= çéíáãìã= ëçäìíáçå= Ä~ëÉÇ= çå= êÉäÉî~åí= êáëâ= Ç~í~K=

f^RKO= c~Åíçêë=íç=ÄÉ=í~âÉå=áåíç=~ÅÅçìåí=ïÜÉå=ëÉäÉÅíáåÖ=êáëâ=Åçåíêçäë= 

qÜÉ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=éêÉîÉåíáçå==



`~íÉÖçêáÉë=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉW= J=

íÉÅÜåáÅ~äI=ÉÖ==ÇÉëáÖåI=ÑÉåÅáåÖI=îÉåíáä~íáçå=

J=

éêçÅÉÇìê~äI=ÉÖ==ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=ïçêâI=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=

J=

ÄÉÜ~îáçìê~äI=ÉÖ==áåÑçêã~íáçå=~åÇ=íê~áåáåÖ=



dÉåÉê~ä=ÜáÉê~êÅÜó=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ó=Ñçêã=~åÇ=àìëíáÑáÅ~íáçå=



c~Åíçêë= ~ÑÑÉÅíáåÖ= ÅÜçáÅÉ= çÑ= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= Ó= äçåÖ= íÉêãLëÜçêí= íÉêãI= ~ééäáÅ~ÄáäáíóI= éê~ÅíáÅ~ÄáäáíóI= ÅçëíI= ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë= çÑ= ÅçåíêçäI= äÉÖ~ä= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= ~åÇ= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ëí~åÇ~êÇëI= ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=çÑ=éÉêëçååÉä=~åÇ=íê~áåáåÖ=åÉÉÇë=êÉäÉî~åí=íç=éêÉÑÉêêÉÇ=Åçåíêçäë=



`çëíJÄÉåÉÑáí= ~å~äóëáë= áå= êÉä~íáçå= íç= êáëâ= Åçåíêçä= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= EçêÖ~åáë~íáçå~äI= ÇÉëáÖåI= éä~ååáåÖI= çéÉê~íáçå~äFK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

OT

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f^RKP= p~ÑÉ=ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=éÉêãáíJíçJïçêâ=ëóëíÉãë= 

p~ÑÉ= ëóëíÉãë= çÑ= ïçêâW= ãÉ~åáåÖX= äÉÖ~ä= ~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíëX= ÅçãéçåÉåíë= EéÉçéäÉI= ÉèìáéãÉåíI=ã~íÉêá~äëI=ÉåîáêçåãÉåíFX=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=~åÇ=áãéäÉãÉåí~íáçå=



qÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=ë~ÑÉ=ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉ=çéÉê~íáåÖ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=



mÉêãáíJíçJïçêâ=ëóëíÉãë=Ó=ÉëëÉåíá~ä=ÑÉ~íìêÉëI=ÖÉåÉê~ä=~ééäáÅ~íáçåI=çéÉê~íáçå=~åÇ=ãçåáíçêáåÖK=

= = = oÉäÉî~åí=pí~åÇ~êÇë= = fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NRRI= = fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN= = fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçå=oNSQI= = fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN= = = = qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= = = dìáÇ~åÅÉ=çå=éÉêãáíJíçJïçêâ=ëóëíÉãëK==^=ÖìáÇÉ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=éÉíêçäÉìãI=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=~åÇ=~ääáÉÇ= áåÇìëíêáÉë=epdORM==epb=_ççâë==fp_k=VTUMTNTSOVQPR== = = = = = oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=U=Üçìêë= =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

OU

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f^SW= lêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f^SKN= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=áåíÉêå~ä=~åÇ=ÉñíÉêå~ä=áåÑäìÉåÅÉë=çå=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=áå=~å=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå= = f^SKO= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íóéÉë=çÑ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=íÜÉáê=ëíêìÅíìêÉI=ÑìåÅíáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÅçåÅÉéí=çÑ= íÜÉ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=~ë=~=ëóëíÉã== = f^SKP= fÇÉåíáÑó= íÜÉ= î~êáçìë= Å~íÉÖçêáÉë= çÑ= íÜáêÇ= é~êíáÉë= áå= ~= ïçêâéä~ÅÉI= íÜÉ= êÉäÉî~åí= ÇìíáÉëI= êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë= = f^SKQ= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= êçäÉI= áåÑäìÉåÅÉë= çå= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= Ñçê= Ñçêã~ä= ~åÇ= áåÑçêã~ä= Åçåëìäí~íáçå= ïáíÜ=ïçêâÉêë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ== = f^SKR= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí=çÑ=~=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ëóëíÉãI=íÜÉ= êÉäÉî~åí=ÇìíáÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Ç~í~=áí=ëÜçìäÇ=Åçåí~áå= = f^SKS= bñéä~áå=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅìäíìêÉ=~åÇ=Åäáã~íÉ= = f^SKT= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åíçêë= ïÜáÅÜ= Å~å= ÄçíÜ= éçëáíáîÉäó= ~åÇ= åÉÖ~íáîÉäó= ~ÑÑÉÅí= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ÅìäíìêÉ=~åÇ=Åäáã~íÉK=

=

`çåíÉåí= f^SKN=

fåíÉêå~ä=~åÇ=ÉñíÉêå~ä=áåÑäìÉåÅÉë=



fåíÉêå~ä= áåÑäìÉåÅÉë= çå= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ïáíÜáå= ~å= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå= Ó= ÉÖI= Ñáå~åÅÉI= éêçÇìÅíáçå= í~êÖÉíëI=íê~ÇÉ=ìåáçåëLä~Äçìê=ìåáçåëI=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=Öç~äë=~åÇ=ÅìäíìêÉ=



bñíÉêå~ä= áåÑäìÉåÅÉë= çå= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ïáíÜáå= ~å= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå= Ó= ÉÖI= äÉÖáëä~íáçåI= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí= ~ÖÉåÅáÉëI= ÅçìêíëLíêáÄìå~äëI= Åçåíê~ÅíëI= ÅäáÉåíëLÅçåíê~ÅíçêëI= íê~ÇÉ= ìåáçåëI= áåëìê~åÅÉ=Åçãé~åáÉëI=éìÄäáÅ=çéáåáçåK=

f^SKO=

qóéÉë=çÑ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåë=



qÜÉ=ÅçåÅÉéí=çÑ=íÜÉ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=~ë=~=ëóëíÉã=



lêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä= ëíêìÅíìêÉë= ~åÇ= ÑìåÅíáçåë= Ó= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= Ñçêã~ä= ~åÇ= áåÑçêã~äX= ä~êÖÉ= çê= ëã~ääX= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=ÅÜ~êíëI=êçäÉ=çÑ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=



mçíÉåíá~ä=ÅçåÑäáÅí=ÄÉíïÉÉå=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=Öç~äë=~åÇ=íÜçëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=



qÜÉ=áåíÉÖê~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=Öç~äë=çÑ=íÜÉ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇë=çÑ=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=Ó=~ìíÜçêáíóI= êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíóI=~ÅÅçìåí~ÄáäáíóK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

OV

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f^SKP=

qÜáêÇ=é~êíó=Åçåíêçä=



fÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=íÜáêÇ=é~êíáÉëW=Åçåíê~ÅíçêëI=îáëáíçêëI=íêÉëé~ëëÉêë=~åÇ=ãÉãÄÉêë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅ=



oÉ~ëçåë= Ñçê= ÉåëìêáåÖ= íÜ~í= íÜáêÇ= é~êíáÉë= ~êÉ= ÅçîÉêÉÇ= Äó= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ëóëíÉãë=



_~ëáÅ=ÇìíáÉë=çïÉÇ=íç=~åÇ=Äó=íÜáêÇ=é~êíáÉë=



fåíÉêå~ä= êìäÉë= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= ëÉäÉÅíáçåI= ~ééçáåíãÉåí= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçä= çÑ= Åçåíê~Åíçêë=



oÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë=Ñçê=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=êáëâ=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=Åçåíê~Åíçêë=çå=ëáíÉ=



oÉ~ëçåë=Ñçê=éêçîáÇáåÖ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=êÉä~íáåÖ=íç=Ü~ò~êÇëLêáëâë=íç=íÜáêÇ=é~êíáÉëK=

f^SKQ=

`çåëìäí~íáçå=ïáíÜ=ïçêâÉêë=



qÜÉ=êçäÉ=çÑ=Åçåëìäí~íáçå=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=ïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=éêáåÅáéäÉë=ä~áÇ=Ççïå=áå=fil= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=`çåîÉåíáçå=E`NRRFI=^êíáÅäÉ=OM=~åÇ=fil=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó= ~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçå=EoNSQF=



cçêã~ä=Åçåëìäí~íáçåW= J J



ÑìåÅíáçåë=çÑ=ïçêâÉê=êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉë=çå=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó== ÑìåÅíáçåë=çÑ=~=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅçããáííÉÉ=

fåÑçêã~ä=Åçåëìäí~íáçåW= J

ÇáëÅìëëáçå=ÖêçìéëI=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅáêÅäÉëI=ÇÉé~êíãÉåí~ä=ãÉÉíáåÖë=



qÜÉ=êçäÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉê=áå=íÜÉ=Åçåëìäí~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉëë=



_ÉÜ~îáçìê~ä= ~ëéÉÅíë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= Åçåëìäí~íáçå= Ó= éÉÉê= Öêçìé= éêÉëëìêÉëI= Ç~åÖÉêë= çÑ= íçâÉåáëãI=éçíÉåíá~ä=~êÉ~ë=çÑ=ÅçåÑäáÅí=



aÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑ= éçëáíáîÉ= Åçåëìäí~íáîÉ= êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉëLë~ÑÉíó=ÅçããáííÉÉ=ãÉãÄÉêëK=

éêçÅÉëëÉëI=

ÅçåíêáÄìíáçåë=

çÑ=

ïçêâÉê=

f^SKR= eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ëóëíÉã= 

qÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑ= ~= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ëóëíÉã= ïáíÜáå= íÜÉ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=



qóéÉë= çÑ= Ç~í~= ïáíÜáå= ~= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ëóëíÉãW= ÉÖI= äçëë= ÉîÉåí= Ç~í~I=Åçëí=Ç~í~I=ëìééäáÉêëÛ=Ç~í~I=êÉëìäíë=çÑ=~ìÇáíëLáåëéÉÅíáçåë=



oÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=éêçîáÇáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=áåÑçêã~íáçåW=



-

áåíÉêå~ääó=íç=ïçêâÉêëI=íÉãéçê~êó=ïçêâÉêëI=Åçåíê~ÅíçêëI=ÉíÅ=

-

ÉñíÉêå~ääó= íç= ÅìëíçãÉêëI= ëìééäáÉêëI= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉëI= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ~ÖÉåÅáÉëI= ãÉãÄÉêë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅ=~åÇ=çíÜÉêë=

aìíáÉë=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=éêçîáÇáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=áåÑçêã~íáçåW= -

áåíÉêå~ääó=íç=ïçêâÉêëI=íÉãéçê~êó=ïçêâÉêëI=Åçåíê~ÅíçêëI=ÉíÅ= ÉñíÉêå~ääó= íç= ÅìëíçãÉêëI= ëìééäáÉêëI= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉëI= ÉãéäçóãÉåí= ~ÖÉåÅáÉëI= ãÉãÄÉêë=çÑ=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅ=~åÇ=çíÜÉêëK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PM

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f^SKS=

eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅìäíìêÉ=~åÇ=Åäáã~íÉ=



jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅìäíìêÉ=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=Åäáã~íÉ=



qÜÉ=áãé~Åí=çÑ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=Åìäíìê~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë=~åÇ=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=î~äìÉë=çå=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=



fåÇáÅ~íçêë=çÑ=ÅìäíìêÉ=



`çêêÉä~íáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅìäíìêÉLÅäáã~íÉ=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉX= ëìÄàÉÅíáîÉ=~åÇ=çÄàÉÅíáîÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=ÅìäíìêÉ=~åÇ=Åäáã~íÉ=



jÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅìäíìêÉ= ~åÇ= Åäáã~íÉ= EÉÖI= ë~ÑÉíó= Åäáã~íÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= íççäëI= éÉêÅÉéíáçå= ëìêîÉóëI= ÑáåÇáåÖë= çÑ= áåÅáÇÉåí= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçåëI= ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë= çÑ= ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåI= ÉîáÇÉåÅÉ= çÑ= ÅçããáíãÉåí=Äó=éÉêëçååÉä=~í=~ää=äÉîÉäë=áå=íÜÉ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåFK=

f^SKT=

c~Åíçêë=~ÑÑÉÅíáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅìäíìêÉ=~åÇ=Åäáã~íÉ=



c~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=ã~ó=éêçãçíÉ=~=éçëáíáîÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅìäíìêÉ=çê=Åäáã~íÉ=EÉÖI=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ÅçããáíãÉåí= ~åÇ= äÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéI= ÜáÖÜ= ÄìëáåÉëë= éêçÑáäÉ= íç= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíóI= éêçîáëáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçåI= áåîçäîÉãÉåí= ~åÇ= Åçåëìäí~íáçåI= íê~áåáåÖI= éêçãçíáçå= çÑ= çïåÉêëÜáéI= ëÉííáåÖ= ~åÇ= ãÉÉíáåÖ=í~êÖÉíëF=



c~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=ã~ó=éêçãçíÉ=~=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅìäíìêÉ=çê=Åäáã~íÉ=EÉÖI=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä= ÅÜ~åÖÉI= ä~Åâ= çÑ= ÅçåÑáÇÉåÅÉ= áå= çêÖ~åáë~íáçåÛë= çÄàÉÅíáîÉë= ~åÇ= ãÉíÜçÇëI= ìåÅÉêí~áåíóI= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ÇÉÅáëáçåë= íÜ~í= éêÉàìÇáÅÉ= ãìíì~ä= íêìëí= çê= äÉ~Ç= íç= ÚãáñÉÇ= ëáÖå~äëÛ= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= ÅçããáíãÉåíF=



bÑÑÉÅíáåÖ=ÅÜ~åÖÉW=éä~ååáåÖ=~åÇ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåI=ëíêçåÖ=äÉ~ÇÉêëÜáéI=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=~=Öê~Çì~äáëí= EëíÉéJÄóJëíÉéF= ~ééêç~ÅÜI= ÇáêÉÅí= ~åÇ= áåÇáêÉÅí= ~Åíáçå= íç= éêçãçíÉ= ÅÜ~åÖÉ= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ= Åìäíìê~ä= ÄÉåÉÑáíë= Ñêçã= êáëâ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåíFI= ëíêçåÖ= ïçêâÉê= ÉåÖ~ÖÉãÉåíI= íê~áåáåÖ= ~åÇ= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåíëI=~åÇ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÑÉÉÇÄ~Åâ=



mêçÄäÉãë= ~åÇ= éáíÑ~ääë= EÉÖI= ~ííÉãéíë= íç= ÅÜ~åÖÉ= ÅìäíìêÉ= íçç= ê~éáÇäóI= ~ÇçéíáåÖ= íçç= Äêç~Ç= ~å= ~ééêç~ÅÜI=~ÄëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=íêìëí=áå=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåëI=êÉëáëí~åÅÉ=íç=ÅÜ~åÖÉFK=

= qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NRRI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçå=oNSQI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=NO=Üçìêë=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PN

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f^TW= eìã~å=Ñ~Åíçêë= =

iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f^TKN= lìíäáåÉ=éëóÅÜçäçÖáÅ~ä=~åÇ=ëçÅáçäçÖáÅ~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~ó=ÖáîÉ=êáëÉ=íç=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=é~ííÉêåë=çÑ= ë~ÑÉ=~åÇ=ìåë~ÑÉ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí= = f^TKO= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= å~íìêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= éÉêÅÉéíáçå= çÑ= êáëâ= ~åÇ= áíë= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= íç= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= = f^TKP= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=Üìã~å=Ñ~áäìêÉ= = f^TKQ= bñéä~áå=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ãÉíÜçÇë=çÑ=áãéêçîáåÖ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=Üìã~å=êÉäá~Äáäáíó=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= = f^TKR= bñéä~áå=Üçï=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë=ÅçìäÇ=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=áãéêçîáåÖ=Üìã~å=êÉäá~Äáäáíó= = f^TKS= bñéä~áå=Üçï=àçÄ=Ñ~Åíçêë=ÅçìäÇ=ÅçåíêáÄìíÉ=íç=áãéêçîáåÖ=Üìã~å=êÉäá~Äáäáíó= = f^TKT= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= éêáåÅáéäÉëI= ÅçåÇáíáçåë= ~åÇ= íóéáÅ~ä= ÅçåíÉåí= çÑ= ÄÉÜ~îáçìê~ä= ÅÜ~åÖÉ= éêçÖê~ããÉë=ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ=íç=áãéêçîÉ=ë~ÑÉ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉK=

`çåíÉåí= f^TKN= eìã~å=éëóÅÜçäçÖóI=ëçÅáçäçÖó=~åÇ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê= 

jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉêãë=W=éëóÅÜçäçÖó=~åÇ=ëçÅáçäçÖó=



qÜÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çå=Üìã~å=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=çÑ=éÉêëçå~äáíóI=~ííáíìÇÉI=~éíáíìÇÉ=~åÇ=ãçíáî~íáçå=



hÉó= íÜÉçêáÉë= çÑ= Üìã~å= ãçíáî~íáçåW= ct= q~óäçêI= j~óç= Ee~ïíÜçêåÉ= ÉñéÉêáãÉåíëFI= j~ëäçï= EÜáÉê~êÅÜó= çÑ= åÉÉÇëFI= jÅ`äÉää~åÇI= eÉêòÄÉêÖI= jÅdêÉÖçê= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê= êÉäÉî~åÅÉ= íç= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó=



bÑÑÉÅíë=çå=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=~í=ïçêâ=çÑ=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉI=ëçÅá~ä=~åÇ=Åìäíìê~ä=Ä~ÅâÖêçìåÇI=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=~åÇ= íê~áåáåÖ=



låJäáåÉ=~åÇ=çÑÑJäáåÉ=éêçÅÉëëáåÖX=âåçïäÉÇÖÉI=êìäÉ=~åÇ=ëâáääJÄ~ëÉÇ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=Eo~ëãìëëÉåF=



fåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÇÉÅáëáçåJã~âáåÖLéêçÄäÉãJëçäîáåÖ=éêçÅÉëëÉë=Eo~ëãìëëÉå=~åÇ=oÉ~ëçåFK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f^TKO= mÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=êáëâ== 

eìã~å=ëÉåëçêó=êÉÅÉéíçêë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=êÉ~Åíáçå=íç=ëíáãìäáI=ëÉåëçêó=ÇÉÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=Ä~ëáÅ=ëÅêÉÉåáåÖ= íÉÅÜåáèìÉë=



mêçÅÉëë=çÑ=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉêI=éÉêÅÉéíì~ä=ëÉí=~åÇ=éÉêÅÉéíì~ä=Çáëíçêíáçå=



bêêçêë=áå=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=Å~ìëÉÇ=Äó=éÜóëáÅ~ä=ëíêÉëëçêë=



mÉêÅÉéíáçå= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= çÑ= êáëâI= éÉêÅÉéíáçå= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= äáãáí~íáçåë= çÑ= Üìã~å= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉI=ÑáäíÉêáåÖ=~åÇ=ëÉäÉÅíáîáíó=~ë=Ñ~Åíçêë=Ñçê=éÉêÅÉéíáçå=



mÉêÅÉéíáçå=~åÇ=ëÉåëçêó=áåéìíëI=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=e~äÉ=C=e~äÉ=ãçÇÉä=



fåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=áå=íÜÉ=Ñ~ÅÉ=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉêI=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=e~äÉ=C=däÉåÇçå=ãçÇÉäK=

f^TKP= eìã~å=Ñ~áäìêÉ=Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå= 

epdQU=Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=Üìã~å=Ñ~áäìêÉ=



`çåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=Üìã~å=Ñ~áäìêÉ=íç=ëÉêáçìë=áåÅáÇÉåíëI=ÉÖI=pÉîÉëçI=`ÜÉêåçÄóäI=qÜêÉÉJjáäÉ=fëä~åÇI= _Üçé~äI=_ìåÅÉÑáÉäÇI=máéÉê=^äéÜ~I=qÉñ~ë=`áíóK=

f^TKQ= fãéêçîáåÖ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=Üìã~å=êÉäá~Äáäáíó=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= 

jçíáî~íáçå=~åÇ=êÉáåÑçêÅÉãÉåíX=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=áåÅÉåíáîÉ=ëÅÜÉãÉëX=àçÄ=ë~íáëÑ~Åíáçå=~åÇ=~ééê~áë~ä= ëÅÜÉãÉëX=ëÉäÉÅíáçå=çÑ=áåÇáîáÇì~äë=Ó=ã~íÅÜáåÖ=ëâáääë=~åÇ=~éíáíìÇÉëX=íê~áåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåíX=ÑáíåÉëë=Ñçê=ïçêâ=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉX=ëìééçêí=Ñçê=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ëíêÉëëK=

f^TKR= lêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=Ñ~Åíçêë= 

qÜÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= ïÉ~âåÉëëÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ë~ÑÉíó= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ëóëíÉã= çå= íÜÉ= éêçÄ~Äáäáíó= çÑ= Üìã~å= Ñ~áäìêÉI= ÉÖI= áå~ÇÉèì~ÅáÉë= áå= íÜÉ= ëÉííáåÖ= çÑ= ëí~åÇ~êÇëI= éçäáÅóI= éä~ååáåÖI= áåÑçêã~íáçå= êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë=çê=ãçåáíçêáåÖ=



qÜÉ= áåÑäìÉåÅÉ= çÑ= ë~ÑÉíó= ÅìäíìêÉ= çå= ÄÉÜ~îáçìê= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= éÉÉê= Öêçìé= éêÉëëìêÉ= ~åÇ= åçêãë=



qÜÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=Ñçêã~ä=~åÇ=áåÑçêã~ä=Öêçìéë=ïáíÜáå=~å=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=



lêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçå=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=~åÇ= íÜÉáê=áãé~Åí=çå=Üìã~å=Ñ~áäìêÉ=éêçÄ~ÄáäáíóI= ÉÖI= ëÜáÑí= Ü~åÇçîÉê= ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåI= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä= ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçå= êçìíÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê= ÅçãéäÉñáíóI=êÉäá~Äáäáíó=~åÇ=ÇÉÖêÉÉ=çÑ=Ñçêã~äáíó=



mêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ñçê=êÉëçäîáåÖ=ÅçåÑäáÅí=~åÇ=áåíêçÇìÅáåÖ=ÅÜ~åÖÉK=

f^TKS= gçÄ=Ñ~Åíçêë= 

bÑÑÉÅí= çÑ= àçÄ= Ñ~Åíçêë= çå= íÜÉ= éêçÄ~Äáäáíó= çÑ= Üìã~å= Éêêçê= EÉÖI= í~ëâ= ÅçãéäÉñáíóI= é~ííÉêåë= çÑ= ÉãéäçóãÉåíI=é~óãÉåí=ëóëíÉãëI=ëÜáÑí=ïçêâF=



^ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=í~ëâ=~å~äóëáë=



qÜÉ=êçäÉ=çÑ=ÉêÖçåçãáÅë=áå=àçÄ=ÇÉëáÖåW= -

áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=éêçÅÉëë=~åÇ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=ÇÉëáÖå=çå=Üìã~å=êÉäá~Äáäáíó=

-

íÜÉ=ïçêâÉê=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ïçêâëí~íáçå=~ë=~=ëóëíÉã=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= -

ÉäÉãÉåí~êó=éÜóëáçäçÖó=~åÇ=~åíÜêçéçãÉíêó=

-

íÜÉ=ÇÉÖê~Ç~íáçå=çÑ=Üìã~å=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=éççêäó=ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ=ïçêâëí~íáçåë=



bêÖçåçãáÅ~ääó= ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ= Åçåíêçä= ëóëíÉãë= áå= êÉä~íáçå= íç= Üìã~å= êÉäá~Äáäáíó= Ó= ÉÖI= Éñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçåëW= éêçÇìÅíáçå= éêçÅÉëë= Åçåíêçä= é~åÉäëI= Åê~åÉ= Å~Ä= ÅçåíêçäëI= ~áêÅê~Ñí= ÅçÅâéáíI= `k`= ä~íÜÉI=ÉíÅ=



qÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÄÉíïÉÉå=éÜóëáÅ~ä=ëíêÉëëçêë=~åÇ=Üìã~å=êÉäá~Äáäáíó=



qÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=Ñ~íáÖìÉ=~åÇ=ëíêÉëë=çå=Üìã~å=êÉäá~ÄáäáíóK=

f^TKT= _ÉÜ~îáçìê~ä=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=éêçÖê~ããÉë= 

mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê~ä=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=éêçÖê~ããÉë=



lêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=åÉÉÇÉÇ=Ñçê=ëìÅÅÉëë=áå=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê~ä=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=éêçÖê~ããÉë=



bñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=íóéáÅ~ä=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê~ä=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=éêçÖê~ããÉ=ÅçåíÉåíëK=

= = qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= = = _ÉÜ~îáçìê~ä=ë~ÑÉíóX=háÅâáåÖ=Ä~Ç=Ü~Äáíë==EMSKNF=W=flpe== = oÉÇìÅáåÖ=Éêêçê=~åÇ=áåÑäìÉåÅáåÖ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=EepdQUFK==epb=_ççâë==fp_k=VTUMTNTSOQROO= =

=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=NO=Üçìêë=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PQ

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f^UW= oÉÖìä~íáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó== = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f^UKN= aÉëÅêáÄÉ=Åçãé~ê~íáîÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí~ä=~åÇ=ëçÅáçJäÉÖ~äI=êÉÖìä~íçêó=~åÇ=Åçêéçê~íÉ=ãçÇÉäë= = f^UKO= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= êçäÉ= ~åÇ= äáãáí~íáçåë= çÑ= íÜÉ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçå= áå= ~= ÖäçÄ~ä= ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ëÉííáåÖ= = f^UKP= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=êçäÉ=åçåJÖçîÉêåãÉåí~ä=ÄçÇáÉë=~åÇ=ëÉäÑJêÉÖìä~íáçå=Ü~ë=áå=ëÉÅìêáåÖ=Åçããçå= ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=áå=~=ÖäçÄ~ä=ÉÅçåçãóK=

`çåíÉåí= f^UKN=

`çãé~ê~íáîÉ=ÖçîÉêåãÉåí~ä=~åÇ=ëçÅáçJäÉÖ~ä=~åÇ=Åçêéçê~íÉ=ãçÇÉäë=



qÜÉ=êçäÉI=ÑìåÅíáçå=~åÇ=äáãáí~íáçåë=çÑ=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=~ë=~=ãÉ~åë=çÑ=éêçãçíáåÖ=éçëáíáîÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó=çìíÅçãÉë=



qÜÉ=å~íìêÉI=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=~åÇ=äáãáí~íáçåë=çÑ=ÚÖç~äJëÉííáåÖÛ=~åÇ=ÚéêÉëÅêáéíáîÉÛ=äÉÖ~ä=ãçÇÉäëW= äÉÖ~ä=ÜáÉê~êÅÜó=çÑ=ëí~íÉ=~åÇ=ÑÉÇÉê~ä=ä~ïë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ä~ï=



içëë= ÉîÉåíë= áå= íÉêãë= çÑ= Ñ~áäìêÉë= áå= íÜÉ= Çìíó= çÑ= Å~êÉ= íç= éêçíÉÅí= áåÇáîáÇì~äë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅçãéÉåë~íçêó=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=íÜ~í=ã~ó=ÄÉ=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=íç=íÜÉã= -

ÅçãéÉåë~íçêó= ëÅÜÉãÉë= íÜ~í= ~ääçï= áåÇáîáÇì~äë= íç= ëÉÉâ= êÉëíáíìíáçå= Ñçê= Ç~ã~ÖÉë= áKÉK= åç= Ñ~ìäí=äá~Äáäáíó=~åÇ=Ñ~ìäí=äá~Äáäáíó=Åä~áãë==

-

éìåáíáîÉ=Ç~ã~ÖÉë=Ó=ÖÉåÉê~äI=ëéÉÅá~ä=~åÇ=åçåJÉÅçåçãáÅ=Ç~ã~ÖÉë=



jÉÅÜ~åáëãë=íÜ~í=ã~ó=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=íç=ÉåÑçêÅÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=ÉKÖK=Åêáãáå~ä=~ÅíáçåX= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí= éçïÉêë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= åçíáÅÉëI= Åçêéçê~íÉ= éêçÄ~íáçåI= ~ÇîÉêëÉ= éìÄäáÅáíó= çêÇÉêëX=~åÇ=íÜÉ=íóéáÅ~ä=êçäÉ=~åÇ=ÑìåÅíáçå=çÑ=ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí=~ÖÉåÅáÉë=



i~ïë=çÑ=Åçåíê~ÅíW= J=

ÇÉÑáåáíáçå=çÑ=Åçåíê~Åí=íç=áåÅäìÇÉ=íÜÉ=íÉêãë=ïêáííÉåI=îÉêÄ~äI=ÉñéêÉëë=~åÇ=áãéäáÉÇ=

J=

íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=íóéáÅ~ä=ä~ïë=çÑ=Åçåíê~Åí=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíóX=íÜÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= ÄÉíïÉÉå= éêçÇìÅÉê= ~åÇ= îÉåÇçêI= îÉåÇçê= ~åÇ= ÅçåëìãÉêI= ÅäáÉåí= ~åÇ= Åçåíê~ÅíçêI=Åçåíê~Åíë=çÑ=ÉãéäçóãÉåí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÄáåÇáåÖ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=Åçåíê~ÅíëK==

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PR

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f^UKO= 

oçäÉ=~åÇ=ëí~íìë=çÑ=ê~íáÑáÉÇ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÅçåîÉåíáçåëI=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåëI=ÅçÇÉë=çÑ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=áå= êÉä~íáçå=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíóW= -





oçäÉ= ~åÇ= äáãáí~íáçåë= çÑ= íÜÉ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçå= áå= ~= ÖäçÄ~ä= ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ëÉííáåÖ=

ÄçÇáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=rk=áåÅäìÇáåÖW= -

fil=êçäÉ=~åÇ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=`çåÑÉêÉåÅÉ=

-

fil=ÅçåîÉåíáçåë=

-

fil=êÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåëLÅçÇÉë=~åÇ=Üçï=íÜÉó=~êÉ=éêçÇìÅÉÇ=

= qÜÉ=êçäÉë=~åÇ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë=çÑ=ÚfåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÖçîÉêåãÉåíëÛI=ÚÉåíÉêéêáëÉëÛ=~åÇ=ÚïçêâÉêëÛ=~ë= ÖáîÉå= áå= `NRR= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= eÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= p~ÑÉíó= `çåîÉåíáçå= NVUN= ~åÇ= áå= íÜÉ= éìÄäáÅ~íáçå= oNSQ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåI=NVUN= eçï= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= ÅçåîÉåíáçåë= Å~å= ÄÉ= ìëÉÇ= ~ë= ~= Ä~ëáë= Ñçê= ëÉííáåÖ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= ëóëíÉãë= çÑ= ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=äÉÖáëä~íáçåK=

f^UKP=

qÜÉ=êçäÉ=çÑ=åçåJÖçîÉêåãÉåí~ä=ÄçÇáÉë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=



oÉäÉî~åí= áåÑäìÉåíá~ä= é~êíáÉë= EÉãéäçóÉê= ÄçÇáÉëX= íê~ÇÉ= ~ëëçÅá~íáçåëX= íê~ÇÉ= ìåáçåëX= éêçÑÉëëáçå~ä= Öêçìéë=EÉÖI=flpeFX==éêÉëëìêÉ=ÖêçìéëI=éìÄäáÅ=ÉíÅI=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=êçäÉ=áå=êÉÖìä~íáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=



qÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ãÉÇá~= áå= ~= ÖäçÄ~ä= ÉÅçåçãó= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê= êçäÉ= áå= ÅÜ~åÖáåÖ= ~ííáíìÇÉë= íç= ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=



qÜÉ= ÄÉåÉÑáíë= çÑ= ëÅÜÉãÉë= ïÜáÅÜ= éêçãçíÉ= ÅçJçéÉê~íáçå= çå= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ÄÉíïÉÉå= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=Åçãé~åáÉë=ÉÖI=ëìééäáÉê=~ìÇáíáåÖI=ÖççÇ=åÉáÖÜÄçìê=ëÅÜÉãÉë=



qÜÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅíë= çå= ÄìëáåÉëë= çÑ= ~ÇîÉêëÉ= ëí~âÉÜçäÇÉê= êÉ~Åíáçå= íç= ÜÉ~äíÜ= çê= ë~ÑÉíó= ÅçåÅÉêåë= ÉKÖK= mÉêêáÉê=ãáåÉê~ä=ï~íÉê=Åçåí~ãáå~íáçå=áåÅáÇÉåí=áå=NVVM=ÉíÅ=



qÜÉ=çêáÖáåë=~åÇ=ãÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=ÚëÉäÑJêÉÖìä~íáçåÛ=



qÜÉ=êçäÉ=~åÇ=ÑìåÅíáçå=çÑ=Åçêéçê~íÉ=ÖçîÉêå~åÅÉ=áå=~=ëóëíÉã=çÑ=ëÉäÑJêÉÖìä~íáçå=



eçï=áåíÉêå~ä=êìäÉë=~åÇ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=êÉÖìä~íÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=



eçï=åçåJÅçåÑçêãáíó=íç=~å=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=~ë=~=Ñçêã=çÑ= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí=çå=~=ëÉäÑJêÉÖìä~íçêó=ãçÇÉä=ïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=bäÉãÉåí=f^NK=

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=`çåÑÉêÉåÅÉI=mêçîáëáçå~ä=oÉÅçêÇ=OM^I=`çåîÉåíáçå=`çåÅÉêåáåÖ=íÜÉ= mêçãçíáçå~ä=cê~ãÉïçêâ=Ñçê=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI= dÉåÉî~I=OMMSI=^êíáÅäÉ=QW=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ëóëíÉã= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NRRI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçå=oNSQI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUN=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=NS=ÜçìêëK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PS

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

QKO= = = ==

råáí=f_W== fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇçìë = = ~ÖÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=

=

lîÉê~ää=äÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉ=

= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ìåáíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=íÜÉáê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= Ççã~áå=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=ÅçîÉêÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜW= = NK= qÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=íç=Ñ~ãáäá~ê=~åÇ=ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê=ëáíì~íáçåëX=~åÇ= = OK= qÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ=ÑçêãëK= = få=~ÇÇáíáçå=É~ÅÜ=ÉäÉãÉåí=Ü~ë=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=äÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉëK= =

bäÉãÉåí=f_NW= mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=ÅçåíêçäI=íçñáÅçäçÖó=~åÇ= = = = ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖó= iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë=

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f_NKN= = f_NKO= = f_NKP= = f_NKQ= = f_NKR= =

lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë== lìíäáåÉ=Üìã~å=~å~íçãáÅ~ä=ëóëíÉãë=~åÇ=ëÉåëçêó=çêÖ~åë= aÉëÅêáÄÉ=íÜÉ=ã~áå=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=êçìíÉë=çÑ=~íí~Åâ=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=çå=íÜÉ=Üìã~å=ÄçÇó= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ== bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑ= ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖó= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑ= ÇÉêáîáåÖ= ~åÇ= ~ééäóáåÖ= íçñáÅçäçÖáÅ~ä=Ç~í~=íç=íÜÉ=áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ïçêâ=êÉä~íÉÇ=áääJÜÉ~äíÜK=

`çåíÉåí= f_NKN= 

lîÉêîáÉï= çÑ= íÜÉ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= ~áãÉÇ= ~í= ÅçåíêçääáåÖ= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë= áå= íÜÉ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= ~ë= Åçåí~áåÉÇ= ïáíÜáåW= fil= `ÜÉãáÅ~äë= `çåîÉåíáçå= E`NTMF= ~åÇ= oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçå= EoNTTFX= fil= ^ëÄÉëíçë=`çåîÉåíáçå=E`NSOF=~åÇ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçå=EoNTOFK=

f_NKO= 

mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=

eìã~å=~å~íçãáÅ~ä=ëóëíÉãë=~åÇ=ëÉåëçêó=çêÖ~åë=

qÜÉ= Üìã~å= ~å~íçãáÅ~ä= ëóëíÉãëW= êÉëéáê~íçêóI= ÇáÖÉëíáîÉI= ÅáêÅìä~íçêóI= åÉêîçìë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ëéÉÅá~ä= ëÉåëçêó=çêÖ~åë=EëâáåI=ÉóÉëFK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PT

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f_NKP=

j~áå=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=êçìíÉë=çÑ=~íí~Åâ=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë



qÜÉ=ã~áå=êçìíÉë=EÉóÉëI=åçëÉI=ãçìíÜI=ëâáåF=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇë=çÑ=Éåíêó=EáåÜ~ä~íáçåI=áåÖÉëíáçåI=ëâáå= éÉêî~ëáçåI=áåàÉÅíáçåI=~ëéáê~íáçåF=çÑ=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=áåíç=íÜÉ=Üìã~å=ÄçÇó=



qÜÉ=áåÑäìÉåÅÉ=çÑ=éÜóëáÅ~ä=Ñçêã=EÇìëíI=ÑáÄêÉI=ãáëíI=äáèìáÇI=Ö~ë=ÉíÅF=~åÇ=éêçéÉêíáÉë=EÉÖI=ëçäìÄáäáíóF= çå=Éåíêó=êçìíÉë=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=íç=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=



aáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=áåÜ~ä~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=êÉëéáê~ÄäÉ=Çìëí=



qÜÉ= ÄçÇóÛë= ÇÉÑÉåëáîÉ= êÉëéçåëÉë= Eáåå~íÉ= ~åÇ= ~Ç~éíáîÉFI= ïáíÜ= é~êíáÅìä~ê= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= íÜÉ= êÉëéáê~íçêó=ëóëíÉãK=

f_NKQ=

eÉ~äíÜ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=



qÜÉ=éìêéçëÉ=~åÇ=éêçÅÉëë=çÑ=Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉêçìë=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=ïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=`Ü~éíÉê= NKPKO=çÑ=íÜÉ=däçÄ~ääó=e~êãçåáëÉÇ=póëíÉã=EdepF=



få=êÉä~íáçå=íç=~íí~Åâ=Äó=ëìÄëí~åÅÉëI=íÜÉ=ÅçåÅÉéíë=çÑ=í~êÖÉí=çêÖ~åëI=í~êÖÉí=ëóëíÉãëI=äçÅ~ä=~åÇ= ëóëíÉãáÅ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=



eÉ~äíÜ= Ü~ò~êÇ= Åä~ëëÉë= EãÉ~åáåÖ= çÑ= íÉêãëI= ïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= ÅÜ~éíÉê= P= çÑ= depF= Ó= ~ÅìíÉ= íçñáÅáíóI= ëâáå= ÅçêêçëáçåI= ëâáå= áêêáí~íáçåI= ëÉêáçìë= ÉóÉ= Ç~ã~ÖÉI= ÉóÉ= áêêáí~íáçåI= êÉëéáê~íçêó= ëÉåëáíáë~íáçåI=ëâáå=ëÉåëáíáë~íáçåI=ÖÉêã=ÅÉää=ãìí~ÖÉåáÅáíóI=Å~êÅáåçÖÉåáÅáíóI=êÉéêçÇìÅíáîÉ=íçñáÅáíóI= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=í~êÖÉí=çêÖ~å=íçñáÅáíó=EëáåÖäÉ=~åÇ=êÉéÉ~íÉÇ=ÉñéçëìêÉFI=~ëéáê~íáçå=Ü~ò~êÇ=



péÉÅáÑáÅ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= Éñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ= Ü~ò~êÇçìë= ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= íç= áåÅäìÇÉW= íêáÅÜäçêçÉíÜóäÉåÉI= ~ëÄÉëíçëI= áëçÅó~å~íÉëI= ëáäáÅÉçìë= ÇìëíëI= äÉ~Ç= E~åÇ= ÅçãéçìåÇëFI= ëìäéÜìêáÅ= ~ÅáÇI= ëçÇáìã= ÜóÇêçñáÇÉI=ÅÜêçãáìã=ÅçãéçìåÇëI=Ü~êÇ=ïççÇ=Çìëí=



aÉêã~íáíáë=~åÇ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=íóéáÅ~ä=Å~ìë~íáîÉ=~ÖÉåíë=



^ííÉãéíë=~í=ÇÉîÉäçéáåÖ=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ääó=~ÅÅÉéíÉÇ=êÉîáÉïë=çÑ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=çå=Üìã~å= ÜÉ~äíÜ=íç=~áÇ=Ü~êãçåáë~íáçå=çÑ=Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçåë=~åÇ=êáëâ=Éëíáã~íáçåK=ÉÖI=`çåÅáëÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= `ÜÉãáÅ~ä= ^ëëÉëëãÉåí= açÅìãÉåíë= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= mêçÖê~ããÉ= çå= `ÜÉãáÅ~ä= p~ÑÉíó= Efm`pF=EtelLfilLrkbmF=



bñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=êÉÖáçå~ääó=Ü~êãçåáëÉÇ=Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçåë=EÉKÖK=~ååÉñ=sf=çÑ=qÜÉ=brÛë=`im=oÉÖìä~íáçå= Eb`=NOTOLOMMUFI=áå=êÉä~íáçå=íç=Ü~êãçåáëÉÇ=dep=Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçåëFK=

f_NKR= mêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑ= ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖó= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑ= ÇÉêáîáåÖ= ~åÇ= ~ééäóáåÖ= = íçñáÅçäçÖáÅ~ä=Ç~í~= 

`ÜÉãáÅ~ä= Ü~ò~êÇ= Ç~í~= ëçìêÅÉë= EêÉÑ= f_NKQI= É~êäáÉê= Ñçê= Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçåI= Äìí= ~äëç= Ñçê= Ü~ò~êÇ= ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåI=ä~íÉêF=ÉÖI=ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖóI=îÉêíÉÄê~íÉ=~åáã~ä=íÉëíëI=áå=îáíêç=ãÉíÜçÇëI=ëíêìÅíìêÉ= ~Åíáîáíó= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= Eèì~äáí~íáîÉ= çê= èì~åíáí~íáîÉFI= áåÑçêã~íáçå= Ñêçã= ëíêìÅíìê~ääóJêÉä~íÉÇ= ÅçãéçìåÇë=EÖêçìéáåÖ=çê=êÉ~ÇJ~ÅêçëëF=EêÉÑW=dep=`Ü~éíÉê=NKPKO=~åÇ=^êíáÅäÉ=NP=çÑ=ob^`e=Eb`= NVMTLOMMSFFW= -

Üìã~å= ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖáÅ~ä= áåîÉëíáÖ~íáçåëW= = qÜÉ= ìëÉ= ~åÇ= äáãáí~íáçåë= çÑ= Å~ëÉ= Åçåíêçä= ëíìÇáÉë= ~åÇ= ÅçÜçêí= ëíìÇáÉë= EêÉíêçëéÉÅíáîÉ= ~åÇ= éêçëéÉÅíáîÉFK= ^ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖáÅ~ä= íÉÅÜåáèìÉë=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ=çÑ=~=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=

-

îÉêíÉÄê~íÉ=~åáã~ä=íÉëíáåÖW=ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=~ÅìíÉ=~åÇ=ÅÜêçåáÅ=íÉëíáåÖ=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=î~äìÉ= ~åÇ= äáãáí~íáçåëX= íÜÉ= ãÉ~åáåÖ= ~åÇ= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÅçåÅÉéíë= çÑ= ÚÇçëÉJêÉëéçåëÉ= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéÛI=kl^biI=iaRMI=i`RM=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PU

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= -



~äíÉêå~íáîÉë= íç= îÉêíÉÄê~íÉ= ~åáã~ä= íÉëíáåÖI= ïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ^ãÉë= íÉëí= EoÉîÉêëÉ= ãìí~íáçå=~ëë~óFI=nì~äáí~íáîÉLnì~åíáí~íáîÉ=píêìÅíìêÉ=^Åíáîáíó=oÉä~íáçåëÜáé= ãçÇÉäë=Enp^oI= Ñçê= Éñ~ãéäÉ= b`= ÑìåÇÉÇ= `^bp^o= éêçàÉÅí= ïïïKÅ~Éë~êJéêçàÉÅíKÉìFI= ÚêÉ~ÇJ~ÅêçëëÛ= ~åÇ= ÖêçìéáåÖ=

`çããìåáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=Ü~ò~êÇë=íç=ìëÉêëI=áå=êÉëéÉÅí=çÑ=íÜÉ=íóéáÅ~ä=ÅçåíÉåí=EÑçêã~í=~åÇ= íóéÉë=çÑ=Ç~í~F=çÑ=ä~ÄÉäë=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=a~í~=pÜÉÉíë=EoÉÑ=dep=`Ü~éíÉêë=NKQ=~åÇ=NKRFK==

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=`ÜÉãáÅ~ä=p~ÑÉíó=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NTMI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVM= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=`ÜÉãáÅ~ä=p~ÑÉíó=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåI=oNTTI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVM= fil=^ëÄÉëíçë=`çåîÉåíáçå=E`NSOF=~åÇ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçå=EoNTOFI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~=NVUS= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äë=~í=tçêâI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI= filI=NVVPK=fp_kW=VOONMUMMSQ= qÜÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=mêçÖê~ããÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~ä=p~ÑÉíó=Efm`pFI=fk`ebj=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=dìáÇÉë= EpÉêáÉëFI=tçêäÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=OMMRK= däçÄ~ääó=e~êãçåáòÉÇ=póëíÉã=çÑ=`ä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=i~ÄÉääáåÖ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äëI==qÜáêÇ=êÉîáëÉÇ=ÉÇáíáçåI= OMMVK==^î~áä~ÄäÉ=ÑêçãW==ÜííéWLLïïïKìåÉÅÉKçêÖLíê~åëLÇ~åÖÉêLéìÄäáLÖÜëLÖÜë|êÉîMPLMPÑáäÉë|ÉKÜíãä= b`=`~Éë~ê=éêçàÉÅíW==ïïïKÅ~Éë~êJéêçàÉÅíKÉì==

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=U=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

PV

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f_OW= e~ò~êÇçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=~åÇ=çíÜÉê=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=Ó= = = = ~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâ== iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= I_OKN= = = f_OKO= = = f_OKP=

lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åíçêë= íç= ÅçåëáÇÉê= ïÜÉå= ~ëëÉëëáåÖ= êáëâë= Ñêçã= ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë= ïÜáÅÜ= ~êÉ= Ü~ò~êÇçìë=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜ== bñéä~áå= Éäáãáå~íáçå= çÑ= êáëâ= çê= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= Ñçê= ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë= ïÜáÅÜ= ~êÉ= Ü~ò~êÇçìë= íç= ÜÉ~äíÜ== bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=~ëÄÉëíçëK=

`çåíÉåí= f_OKN= 

^ëëÉëëáåÖ=êáëâë=

oáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=éêçÅÉÇìêÉ=~åÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íç=í~âÉ=áåíç=~ÅÅçìåí=EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=ÅÜ~éíÉê=SKO= çÑ= fil= `çm= çå= íÜÉ= p~ÑÉíó= çÑ= íÜÉ= rëÉ= çÑ= `ÜÉãáÅ~äë= ~í= tçêâ= ~åÇ= `Ü~éíÉê= QKO= çÑ= fil= `çm= ^ãÄáÉåí=Ñ~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉFW= -

-

~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâW= -

íÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=éêçéÉêíáÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äEëFI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ= íÜÉ=äáâÉäó=êçìíÉë=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=EÉÖI==ïÜ~í=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÖÉí=áåíç=íÜÉ=~áê=~åÇ=ÄÉ= áåÜ~äÉÇ=Eîçä~íáäáíó=EäáèìáÇëF=çê=ÇìëíáåÉëë=EëçäáÇëF=çê=ÅçãÉ=áåíç=Åçåí~Åí=ïáíÜ= ëâáåLÉóÉë=çê=ÄÉ=ëï~ääçïÉÇFX=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çÑ=ãáñíìêÉë=

-

èì~åíáíó=E~ãçìåíëLÅçåÅÉåíê~íáçåF=áå=ìëÉ=áKÉK=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ==

-

çéÉê~íáåÖ= ÅçåÇáíáçåë= ~åÇ= éêçÅÉëëÉë= ìëÉÇ= EÉÖI= å~íìêÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= í~ëâI= ãÉíÜçÇë=ìëÉÇI=ÜáÖÜ=íÉãéÉê~íìêÉF=

-

ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ìëÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=EÉÖI=éêçÇìÅíáçåI=Ü~åÇäáåÖF=

-

î~êáÉíó=çÑ=í~ëâëI=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=ïÜÉêÉ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=ìåìëì~ääó=ÜáÖÜ= EÉÖ==ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉI=ÅäÉ~åáåÖ=~åÇ=~ÅÅáÇÉåí~ä=êÉäÉ~ëÉF=

-

ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=~åÇ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=çÑ=Ñ~áäìêÉ=çÑ=ÉñáëíáåÖ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=

-

çíÜÉê=êÉäÉî~åí=Ñ~Åíçêë=EÉÖI=Çìê~íáçåLÑêÉèìÉåÅó=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉI=ÑêÉèìÉåÅó=çÑ= ÉñéçëìêÉI= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= ëìëÅÉéíáÄáäáíáÉë= EÉÖI= ~íçéáÅ= éÉêëçåëI= ïçãÉå= çÑ= ÅÜáäÇ= ÄÉ~êáåÖ=Å~é~ÅáíóI=~ÖÉI=ëÉåëáíáë~íáçåF=

~ééê~áë~ä=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉëW=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

QM

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = -

-

ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë= çÑ= ÉñáëíáåÖ= ÉåÖáåÉÉêáåÖ= Åçåíêçäë= ~åÇ= ëóëíÉãë= çÑ= ïçêâ= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ=Çáëéçë~äF=

-

ÉñéçëìêÉ= ãçåáíçêáåÖ= ~åÇ= äáãáíëI= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ= êÉëìäíë= çê= çíÜÉê= ~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇëLÇ~í~=

-

mmb=~ë=~=ä~ëí=êÉëçêí=

-

~Åíáçå=éêçÖê~ããÉ=EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=f_OKOF=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=êáëâ=íç=~ÅÅÉéí~ÄäÉ=äÉîÉäë=

-

êÉîáÉï= çÑ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= Ó= íç= í~âÉ= éä~ÅÉ= ïÜÉå= êÉ~ëçå= íç= ëìëéÉÅí= áí= áë= åç= äçåÖÉê= î~äáÇ= çê= ïÜÉêÉ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ïçêâ=íç=ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=êÉä~íÉë=Ü~ë=çÅÅìêêÉÇK=

f_OKO= 

Éëíáã~íáçå=çÑ=êáëâ=E~åÇ=éçíÉåíá~ä=Ñçê=Éäáãáå~íáçåFI=í~âáåÖ=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑW=

bäáãáå~íáçå=çÑ=êáëâ=çê=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë==

táíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=ÅÜ~éíÉêë=SKQ=~åÇ=SKR=çÑ=fil=`çmI=Úp~ÑÉíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äë=~í=tçêâÛ= ~åÇ=ÅÜ~éíÉê=QKP=çÑ=fil=`çm=Ú^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉÛ= -

-

bäáãáå~íáçåW= -

ÅÉ~ëáåÖ=ìëÉ=

-

ëìÄëíáíìíáçå=Ñçê=äÉëë=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=çê=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ë~ãÉ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=Äìí= áå=~=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=Ñçêã=EÉÖI=é~ëíÉI=ëçäìíáçå=ê~íÜÉê=íÜ~å=Çìëíó=éçïÇÉêF=

-

~äíÉêå~íáîÉ=éêçÅÉëë=

-

ÖççÇ= ÇÉëáÖå= ~åÇ= áåëí~ää~íáçå= éê~ÅíáÅÉ= Eíçí~ä= ÉåÅäçëìêÉX= ëÉÖêÉÖ~íáçå= çÑ= éêçÅÉëë=Ñêçã=ïçêâÉêëX=ãçÇáÑó=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëë=çê=ïçêâ=ëóëíÉã=ëç=íÜ~í=áí=Éãáíë= äÉëë=çÑ=íÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉ=EÉÖI=é~áåíáåÖ=îë=ëéê~óáåÖFX=äçÅ~ä=ÉñÜ~ìëí= îÉåíáä~íáçå=ïáíÜ=çê=ïáíÜçìí=é~êíá~ä=ÉåÅäçëìêÉ=EÇÉí~áä=çÑ=Éñíê~Åíáçå=ëóëíÉãë= ÅçîÉêÉÇ=áå=ÉäÉãÉåí=f_QFX=ÖÉåÉê~ä=îÉåíáä~íáçåF=

-

ïçêâ=ëóëíÉãë=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉë=EãáåáãáëÉ=íÜÉ=åìãÄÉêë=çÑ=ïçêâÉêë=ÉñéçëÉÇX= êÉëíêáÅí= ~ÅÅÉëëX= êÉÇìÅÉ= ÉñéçëìêÉ= Çìê~íáçåX= êÉÖìä~ê= ÅäÉ~åáåÖ= çÑ= Åçåí~ãáå~íÉÇ= ëìêÑ~ÅÉëX= ìëÉLã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ÉåÖáåÉÉêáåÖ= ÅçåíêçäëX= ë~ÑÉLëÉÅìêÉ=ëíçê~ÖÉI=áåíÉêå~ä=íê~åëéçêí=~åÇ=Çáëéçë~äF=

-

éÉêëçå~ä= éêçíÉÅíáçå= EéêçîáÇÉ= mmbX= éêçÜáÄáí= É~íáåÖI= ÇêáåâáåÖI= ëãçâáåÖ= áå= Åçåí~ãáå~íÉÇ= ~êÉ~ëX= Ñ~ÅáäáíáÉë= Ñçê= ï~ëÜáåÖI= ÅÜ~åÖáåÖI= ëíçê~ÖÉI= ä~ìåÇÉêáåÖX=ëáÖåë=~åÇ=åçíáÅÉëX=ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíëFK=

ÅçåíêçäW=

f_OKP= ^ëÄÉëíçë= 

^ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=~ëÄÉëíçë=EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=`Ü~éíÉêë= RJNN= çÑ= fil= `çm= Úp~ÑÉíó= áå= íÜÉ= rëÉ= çÑ= ^ëÄÉëíçëÛF= EÉÖI= éêÉîÉåí~íáîÉ= ãÉíÜçÇëI= ÇÉëáÖå= ~åÇ= áåëí~ää~íáçåI= ibsI= éÉêëçå~ä= éêçíÉÅíáçåI= ÅäÉ~åáåÖ= çÑ= éêÉãáëÉë= ~åÇ= éä~åíI= Çáëéçë~ä= çÑ= ~ëÄÉëíçë= ï~ëíÉFK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

QN

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äë=~í=tçêâI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI= filI=NVVPK=fp_kW=VOONMUMMSQ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=^ëÄÉëíçëI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI=NVUQK== fp_k=VOONMPUTOS= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI= OMMNK=fp_k=VOONNNSOUu=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=R=Üçìêë=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

QO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f_PW= e~ò~êÇçìë=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äë=Ó=ÉåÖáåÉÉêáåÖ=Åçåíêçäë = == = ~åÇ=éÉêëçå~ä=éêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f_PKN= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= éìêéçëÉ= ~åÇ= çéÉê~íáçå= çÑ= äçÅ~ä= ÉñÜ~ìëí= îÉåíáä~íáçå= ~åÇ= Çáäìíáçå= îÉåíáä~íáçå= áåÅäìÇáåÖ=~ëëÉëëáåÖ=~åÇ=ã~áåí~áåáåÖ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë= = f_PKO= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=î~êáçìë=íóéÉë=çÑ=éÉêëçå~ä=éêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=EmmbF=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=Ñçê=ìëÉ=ïáíÜ= Ü~ò~êÇçìë=ÅÜÉãáÅ~äëI=íÜÉáê=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëI=~åÇ=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íç=ÅçåëáÇÉê=áå=íÜÉáê=ëÉäÉÅíáçåK=

`çåíÉåí= f_PKN=

sÉåíáä~íáçå=



rëÉ=~åÇ=äáãáí~íáçåë=çÑ=Çáäìíáçå=îÉåíáä~íáçå=



içÅ~ä= ÉñÜ~ìëí= îÉåíáä~íáçå= EibsF= ëóëíÉãë= Ó= ÇÉëáÖå= ~åÇ= ìëÉX= Ñ~Åíçêë= íÜ~í= ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë=EáåäÉíëI=ÇìÅíáåÖI=Ñ~åI=~áê=ÅäÉ~åáåÖ=ÇÉîáÅÉLÑáäíÉêLëÅêìÄÄÉêI=ÉñÜ~ìëíLçìíäÉíF=



^ëëÉëëáåÖ=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ=çÑ=ibs=



-

èì~äáí~íáîÉ=ÉÖ=ÅçåÇáíáçå=çÑ=ëìÅíáçå=áåäÉíI=Çìëí=ÇÉéçëáíëI=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëãçâÉ=íìÄÉë=~åÇ= Çìëí=ä~ãéë=EqóåÇ~ää=ÄÉ~ãF=

-

èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåíëW= ãÉíÜçÇë= ~åÇ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= Ñçê= ãÉ~ëìêáåÖ= Å~éíìêÉ= îÉäçÅáíáÉëI= Ñ~ÅÉ= îÉäçÅáíáÉëI= íê~åëéçêí= îÉäçÅáíáÉëI= ëí~íáÅ= éêÉëëìêÉë= ~åÇ= Éãáëëáçåë= íç= ~íãçëéÜÉêÉ=

-

ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=çÑ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~ä=áëëìÉë=E~íãçëéÜÉêáÅ=ÉãáëëáçåëF=

mÉêáçÇáÅ= íÜçêçìÖÜ= Éñ~ãáå~íáçå= ~åÇ= íÉëí= çÑ= ibs= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= íóéáÅ~ä= ÅçåíÉåí= çÑ= ~= êÉÅçêÇ= çÑ= Éñ~ãáå~íáçåLíÉëí=EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=ëÉÅíáçå=NN=çÑ=fil=`çmI=Úp~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äë=~í= tçêâÛFK=

f_PKO== mÉêëçå~ä=éêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= 

oÉëéáê~íçêó=éêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=EombFW== -

íóéÉë=çÑ=êÉëéáê~íçêë=~åÇ=ÄêÉ~íÜáåÖ=~éé~ê~íìë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=~ééäáÅ~íáçåë=~åÇ=äáãáí~íáçåë=

-

ëÉäÉÅíáçå=çÑ=ombW=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

-

~íãçëéÜÉêÉLëìÄëí~åÅÉJêÉä~íÉÇ= Ñ~ÅíçêëW= ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå= çÑ= äáâÉäó= çñóÖÉå= ÇÉÑáÅáÉåÅó=EáKÉK=_^=îë=êÉëéáê~íçêFX=äÉîÉä=çÑ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=êÉèìáêÉÇ=EëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ= çÑ=~ëëáÖåÉÇ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=Ñ~ÅíçêëFX=íóéÉ=çÑ=ÑáäíÉê=êÉèìáêÉÇ=EÑçê=êÉëéáê~íçêëF=

-

í~ëâ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=~êÉ~=êÉä~íÉÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=ÉÖI==ïçêâ=ê~íÉI=Çìê~íáçåX=ÉñíêÉãÉë=çÑ= íÉãéÉê~íìêÉ= ~åÇLçê= ÜìãáÇáíóX= ÅêáíáÅ~äáíó= çÑ= ÅäÉ~ê= îáëáçåI= ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåë= ~åÇ= ãçÄáäáíóX= ëé~ÅÉ= Åçåëíê~áåíëX= íççäë= ìëÉÇX= éêÉëÉåÅÉ= çÑ= ÉñéäçëáîÉ= ~íãçëéÜÉêÉë=

QP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

-

-

ïÉ~êÉê=êÉä~íÉÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=ÉKÖK=ÑáíLÅçãÑçêíL~ÅÅÉéí~Äáäáíó=áëëìÉë=ÇìÉ=íç=ÄÉ~êÇëI= Ñ~ÅÉJã~êâáåÖI= ëéÉÅí~ÅäÉëI= Åçãé~íáÄáäáíó= ïáíÜ= çíÜÉê= éêçíÉÅíáîÉ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= çê=ÜÉ~Ç=ÅçîÉêáåÖëX=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=

-

èì~äáíó=êÉä~íÉÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=J=ÅçåÑçêãáíó=ïáíÜ=êÉäÉî~åí=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=

Ñ~ÅÉ=Ñáí=íÉëíáåÖW= -





ëíçê~ÖÉ=~åÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=omb=

pâáå=~åÇ=ÉóÉ=éêçíÉÅíáçåW== -

íóéÉë=çÑ=ëâáå=~åÇ=ÉóÉ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=~ééäáÅ~íáçåë=~åÇ=äáãáí~íáçåë=

-

ëÉäÉÅíáçå= -

ëìÄëí~åÅÉJêÉä~íÉÇ= Ñ~Åíçêë= ÉÖI= ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä= Åçãé~íáÄáäáíóI= äÉîÉä= çÑ= éêçíÉÅíáçå= êÉèìáêÉÇ=

-

í~ëâJêÉä~íÉÇ= Ñ~Åíçêë= ÉÖI= Çìê~íáçå= EêÉÑ= ÄêÉ~âíÜêçìÖÜ= íáãÉFI= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ÇÉñíÉêáíó=îë=Çìê~ÄáäáíóX=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=ÖäçîÉë=îë=Ö~ìåíäÉíë=

-

ïÉ~êÉêJêÉä~íÉÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=ÉÖI=ÑáíLÅçãÑçêíI=Åçãé~íáÄáäáíóI=~ÅÅÉéí~Äáäáíó=

-

èì~äáíóJêÉä~íÉÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=Ó=ÅçåÑçêãáíó=ïáíÜ=êÉäÉî~åí=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=

qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=íê~áåáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=ÅçêêÉÅí=ìëÉI=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ëíçê~ÖÉ=çÑ=mmbK=

= = qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äë=~í=tçêâI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI= filI=NVVPK=fp_kW=VOONMUMMSQ= =

pÉÅíáçå=TW=aÉëáÖå=~åÇ=fåëí~ää~íáçå=EÉëé=TKOJTKP=áå=êÉëéÉÅí=çÑ=îÉåíáä~íáçå=ëóëíÉãëF=

=

pÉÅíáçå=VW=mÉêëçå~ä=mêçíÉÅíáçå=

=

pÉÅíáçå=NNW=j~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÉåÖáåÉÉêáåÖ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Eáå=êÉä~íáçå=íç=ibsF=

fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI= OMMNK=fp_k=VOONNNSOUu= cáí=qÉëíáåÖ=lÑ=oÉëéáê~íçêó=mêçíÉÅíáîÉ=bèìáéãÉåí=c~ÅÉéáÉÅÉë=epb=fåÑçêã~íáçå=açÅìãÉåí=epb= OUOLOUI=ÜííéWLLïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLÑçáLáåíÉêå~äçéëLÑçÇLçÅLOMMJOVVLOUO|OUKéÇÑ=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=Q=Üçìêë==

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

QQ

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f_QW= jçåáíçêáåÖ=~åÇ=ãÉ~ëìêáåÖ= iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f_QKN= bñéä~áå= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÉñéçëìêÉ= äáãáíë= Ñçê= ~áêÄçêåÉ= Ü~êãÑìä= ëìÄëí~åÅÉëI= íÜÉ= Ä~ëáë= ìéçå= ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=Éëí~ÄäáëÜÉÇI=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= f_QKO= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ=ëíê~íÉÖáÉëI= ãÉíÜçÇë= ~åÇ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ë~ãéäáåÖ= ~åÇ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= çÑ= ~áêÄçêåÉ=Ü~êãÑìä=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= f_QKP= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä=ãçåáíçêáåÖK=

`çåíÉåí= f_QKN=

lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÉñéçëìêÉ=äáãáíë=Ñçê=~áêÄçêåÉ=Ü~êãÑìä=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=



qÜÉ= ãÉ~åáåÖ= çÑ= bñéçëìêÉ= iáãáíë= Ñçê= ~áêÄçêåÉ= Ü~êãÑìä= ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= EïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= ãÉ~åáåÖë= ÖáîÉå= ïáíÜáå= däçëë~êó= ^ååÉñ= çÑ= fil= `çm= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÉñéçëìêÉ= íç= ~áêÄçêåÉ= ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=Ü~êãÑìä=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=~äëç=^ååÉñ=çÑ=fil=`çm=^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉF==



qÜÉ= Ä~ëáë= Ñçê= ëÉííáåÖ= ÉñéçëìêÉ= äáãáíë= EïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= ëÉÅíáçå= P= çÑ= fil= `çm= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=~áêÄçêåÉ=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=Ü~êãÑìä=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜF= -

ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå= çÑ= ÇçëÉJêÉëéçåëÉ= ~åÇ= ÇçëÉJÉÑÑÉÅí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáé= áå= íÜÉ= äáÖÜí= çÑ= Ç~í~= çåW= ëìÄëí~åÅÉ= éêçéÉêíáÉëI= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ= ìëÉ= ~åÇ= äáâÉäó= ÉñéçëìêÉ= ëÅÉå~êáçëI= êÉëìäíë= çÑ= ~åáã~ä= ÉñéÉêáãÉåíëX=êÉëìäíë=çÑ=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë=çÑ=ÉñéçëÉÇ=ïçêâÉêëX=ÉéáÇÉãáçäçÖó=ÉíÅ=

-

áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå= çÑ= Ç~í~= ~åÇ= Éñíê~éçä~íáçå= íç= ÖáîÉ= ÉñéçëìêÉ= äáãáíëJ= ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë= ~åÇ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ë~ÑÉíó=Ñ~Åíçêë==



qÜÉ= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ= áå= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ÜóÖáÉåÉ= éê~ÅíáÅÉ= çÑ= ëÜçêí= íÉêã= ~åÇ= äçåÖ= íÉêã= ÉñéçëìêÉ=äáãáíë=EpqbiI=iqbiF=~åÇ=íáãÉJïÉáÖÜíÉÇ=~îÉê~ÖÉ=Eqt^F=î~äìÉë=



fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=äáãáíë=EëìÅÜ=~ë=qÜêÉëÜçäÇ=iáãáí=s~äìÉë=EqisëI=tçêâéä~ÅÉ= bñéçëìêÉ= iáãáíë= EtbiëFX= mÉêãáëëáÄäÉ= bñéçëìêÉ= iáãáíë= EmbiëFF= ïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= ëìÄëí~åÅÉëI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=äÉ~Ç=~åÇ=~ëÄÉëíçëK=

f_QKO=

píê~íÉÖáÉëI= ãÉíÜçÇë= ~åÇ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ë~ãéäáåÖ= ~åÇ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= çÑ= ~áêÄçêåÉ=Ü~êãÑìä=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=



qÜÉ=êçäÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜóÖáÉåáëíX=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=çÑ=ÜóÖáÉåáëí=



qÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= íç= áåíÉêéêÉí=~=ÜóÖáÉåáëíÛë= êÉéçêíI= ÉåëìêáåÖ= íÜÉ= ëíê~íÉÖó= ~åÇ= ãÉíÜçÇë= ~êÉ= ëìáí~ÄäÉ= ~åÇ= íÜ~í= êÉëìäíë= ~êÉ= î~äáÇI= êÉäá~ÄäÉI= êÉéêÉëÉåí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= ÅçêêÉÅíäó= Éî~äì~íÉÇ= êÉä~íáîÉ= íç= ~åó= ÉñéçëìêÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

QR

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = 

jçåáíçêáåÖ=ëíê~íÉÖó=EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=rh=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ=ÇçÅìãÉåí=epdNTPFW== -

áåáíá~ä=~ééê~áë~ä= Ä~ëáÅ=ëìêîÉó= ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=ëìêîÉó= êÉ~ééê~áë~ä= êçìíáåÉ=ãçåáíçêáåÖ=~åÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íÜ~í=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=áíë=åÉÅÉëëáíó=~åÇ=ÑêÉèìÉåÅó== íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= ìëÉ= çÑ= ëí~åÇ~êÇ= ãÉíÜçÇë= EÉÖI= jaep= ëÉêáÉëI= kflpe= j~åì~ä= çÑ= ^å~äóíáÅ~ä=jÉíÜçÇë=ëÉêáÉëI=fpl=ëí~åÇ~êÇëF=



aáêÉÅí= êÉ~ÇáåÖ= áåëíêìãÉåíë= EÖáîÉ= áããÉÇá~íÉ= çê= åÉ~ê= áããÉÇá~íÉ= êÉ~ÇáåÖFX= ~Çî~åí~ÖÉë= ~åÇ= Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉëX=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ=ëí~áå=íìÄÉ=EÅçäçêáãÉíêáÅF=ÇÉíÉÅíçêë=



dÉåÉê~ä= ÉèìáéãÉåí= ~åÇ= ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖó= Ñçê= éÉêëçå~ä= ë~ãéäáåÖ= çÑ= ëçäáÇ= é~êíáÅìä~íÉë= EÑáÄêÉëX= êÉëéáê~ÄäÉ=~åÇLçê=áåÜ~ä~ÄäÉ=ÇìëíëF== -



dÉåÉê~ä=ÉèìáéãÉåí=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖó=Ñçê=éÉêëçå~ä=ë~ãéäáåÖ=çÑ=î~éçìêë= -



ë~ãéäáåÖ=ÜÉ~Çë=EÅçïäI=éêçíÉÅíÉÇI=ÅóÅäçåÉF= éìãé=EÅ~äáÄê~íÉÇF= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= éêáåÅáéäÉëW= Çìëíë= EÖê~îáãÉíêáÅI= éÜóëáÅ~ä= ~åÇ= ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáëFI= ÑáÄêÉë= EãáÅêçëÅçéóF= ~ÅíáîÉ=ÇÉîáÅÉë=EÉÖI=äáèìáÇ=çê=ëçäáÇ=ëçêÄÉåíë=~åÇ=éìãéëF= é~ëëáîÉ=ÇÉîáÅÉë== ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= éêáåÅáéäÉë= EÅÜÉãáÅ~ä= ~åÇ= éÜóëáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë== ëéÉÅíêçëÅçéó=~åÇ=ÅÜêçã~íçÖê~éÜóF=

`~äÅìä~íáçå= çÑ= U= Üçìê= Éèìáî~äÉåí= qt^= ÉñéçëìêÉë= Ñêçã= Ö~íÜÉêÉÇ= Ç~í~= EÉÖI= ë~ãéäÉ= ã~ëëI= éìãé= Ñäçï= ê~íÉ= ~åÇ= Ñäçï= íáãÉFX= Åçãé~êáëçå= ïáíÜ= iqbi= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ= áå= íÉêãë=çÑ=ÑìêíÜÉê=~Åíáçå=åÉÉÇÉÇK=

f_QKP= _áçäçÖáÅ~ä=ãçåáíçêáåÖ= 

_áçäçÖáÅ~ä=ãçåáíçêáåÖ=E~=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=Ñçêã=çÑ=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉI=ïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=ëÉÅíáçå=Q=çÑ= fil=`çm=ÚlÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=~áêÄçêåÉ=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=Ü~êãÑìä=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜÛFW== -

Ä~ëáÅ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=EïáíÜ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉëF= ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉë=ïÜÉêÉ=áí=áë=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=~ééäáÅ~ÄäÉ== íÜÉ=êçäÉ=çÑ=ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä=äáãáíë== êÉä~íáîÉ=~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=ïÜÉå=Åçãé~êÉÇ=íç=~áêÄçêåÉ=ãçåáíçêáåÖK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

QS

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= =

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= epdNTP=jçåáíçêáåÖ=píê~íÉÖáÉë=Ñçê=qçñáÅ=ëìÄëí~åÅÉëK==epbI=OMMSK==fp_k=VTUMTNTSSNUUS= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äë=~í=tçêâI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI= filI=NVVPK=fp_kW=VOONMUMMSQ=J=pÉÅíáçå=NOW=jçåáíçêáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI= OMMNK=fp_k=VOONNNSOUu= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=~áêÄçêåÉ=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=Ü~êãÑìä=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜI= filI=NVUMI=fp_k=VOONMOQQOP= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=^ëÄÉëíçëI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉ=filI=NVUQI== fp_k=VOONMPUTOS= eÉ~äíÜ=C=p~ÑÉíó=bñÉÅìíáîÉI=tçêâéä~ÅÉ=bñéçëìêÉ=iáãáíëI=beQMLOMMRI=epb=_ççâëI=OMMRK=fp_kW= VTUMTNTSOVTTM== ^ãÉêáÅ~å=`çåÑÉêÉåÅÉ=çÑ=dçîÉêåãÉåí~ä=fåÇìëíêá~ä=eóÖáÉåáëíëI=açÅìãÉåí~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=qÜêÉëÜçäÇ= íÜ iáãáí=s~äìÉë=~åÇ=_áçäçÖáÅ~ä=bñéçëìêÉ=fåÇáÅÉëI=T =bÇáíáçåI=E^`dfeFI=OMMNK=fp_k=VTUNUUOQNTQPU=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=S=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

QT

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f_RW= _áçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë= iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f_RKN= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=íóéÉë=~åÇ=éêçéÉêíáÉë=çÑ=ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=ÑçìåÇ=~í=ïçêâ== = f_RKO= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=~åÇ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=êáëâ=Ñêçã=ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=~í=ïçêâK=

`çåíÉåí= f_RKN= qóéÉë=~åÇ=éêçéÉêíáÉë=çÑ=ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë= 

dÉåÉê~ä=ãÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=ÚÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíÛ=EÉÖI=íÜ~í=ìëÉÇ=Äó=fil=áå=c~Åí=pÜÉÉí=P=çÑ=j~åì~ä=Q=çÑ= eÉ~äíÜI=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=båîáêçåãÉåí=Ó=~=ëÉêáÉë=çÑ=íê~ÇÉë=ìåáçå=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=ã~åì~äë=Ñçê=~ÖêáÅìäíìê~ä= ïçêâÉêëF=



j~áå= íóéÉë= çÑ= ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä= ~ÖÉåí= EÑìåÖáI= Ä~ÅíÉêá~I= îáêìëÉëF= ~åÇ= ëçìêÅÉë= EÜìã~åI= ~åáã~ä= ~åÇ= ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~äFX=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=áå=É~ÅÜ=Å~ëÉ=



péÉÅá~ä=éêçéÉêíáÉë=çÑ=ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=Eê~éáÇ=ãìí~íáçåI=áåÅìÄ~íáçå=éÉêáçÇI=áåÑÉÅíáçìëI=ê~éáÇ= ãìäíáéäáÅ~íáçåFK=

f_RKO= ^ëëÉëëãÉåí=~åÇ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=êáëâ= 

aáëíáåÅíáçå= ÄÉíïÉÉå= áåíÉåíáçå~ä= ïçêâ= EÉÖI= áå= ä~Äçê~íçêáÉëF= îëK= çééçêíìåáëíáÅ= áåÑÉÅíáçå= EÉÖI= Ñ~êãáåÖI=ëÉïÉêëI=êÉÑìëÉ=ÅçääÉÅíáçåF=



pÉäÉÅíÉÇ= ÇáëÉ~ëÉë= Å~ìëÉÇ= Äó= ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä= ~ÖÉåíë= EíçÖÉíÜÉê= ïáíÜ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÅçåíÉñíëI= çÅÅìêêÉåÅÉI=ëóãéíçãëI=íêÉ~íãÉåí=~åÇ=ÅçåíêçäFW= -



òççåçëÉë=EãÉ~åáåÖI=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ã~ä~êá~F= ÅêóéíçëéçêáÇçëáë= Ñ~êãÉêÛë=äìåÖ=E~åÇ=çíÜÉê=ÇáëÉ~ëÉë=çÑ=íÜáë=íóéÉ=Ó=éëáíí~ÅçëáëF= ÜÉé~íáíáë= ^fapLefs= äÉÖáçååÉääçëáë= äÉéíçëéáêçëáë= ã~ä~êá~= ëå~âÉ=ÄáíÉë= Åçåí~ãáå~íÉÇ=ï~íÉê= áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=Å~ìëÉÇ=Äó=bK=Åçäá= áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=Å~ìëÉÇ=Äó=jop^== áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=Å~ìëÉÇ=Äó=`KÇáÑÑ= ÉãÉêÖáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=áëëìÉëI=ÉÖI=åçêçîáêìëI=é~åÇÉãáÅ=Ñäì=

c~Åíçêë= íç= í~âÉ= áåíç= ~ÅÅçìåí= áå= êáëâ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= çÑ= ä~Äçê~íçêó= ïçêâ= EoÉÑW= tel= i~Äçê~íçêó= _áçë~ÑÉíó=ã~åì~äFW== -

oáëâ=dêçìé=ENIOIPIQF=~åÇ=íÜÉ=êçäÉ=EïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉëF=çÑ=å~íáçå~äLêÉÖáçå~ä=äáëíë=çÑ=~ééêçîÉÇ= Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçåë=EÉKÖK=rhÛë=~ééêçîÉÇ=äáëí=çÑ=ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíëF=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

QU

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= é~íÜçÖÉåáÅáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ÖÉåí=~åÇ=áåÑÉÅíáçìë=ÇçëÉ= éçíÉåíá~ä=ÉñéçëìêÉ=çìíÅçãÉ= êçìíÉë=çÑ=áåÑÉÅíáçå= ëí~Äáäáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ÖÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí= ÅçåÅÉåíê~íáçå=~åÇ=~ãçìåíë= éêÉëÉåÅÉ=çÑ=~=ëìáí~ÄäÉ=Üçëí=EÜìã~å=çê=~åáã~äF= Ç~í~=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=EÉKÖK=Ñêçã=~åáã~ä=ëíìÇáÉëF= å~íìêÉ=çÑ=~Åíáîáíó=EÉKÖK=~Éêçëçä=Ñçêã~íáçåI=ÖÉåÉíáÅ=ã~åáéìä~íáçåëF= äçÅ~ä=~î~áä~Äáäáíó=çÑ=éêçéÜóä~ñáëLíêÉ~íãÉåí= = dÉåÉê~ä=_áçë~ÑÉíó=iÉîÉäë= `çåíêçä=~ééêç~ÅÜ=Ñçê=åçåJ~åáã~ä=ä~Äçê~íçêó=ïçêâ=EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç=tel=i~Äçê~íçêó=_áçë~ÑÉíó=ã~åì~äI=ÅÜ~éíÉêë=NJRF=W== -



-

Äáçë~ÑÉíó=äÉîÉäë=ENIOIPIQFI=ãÉ~åáåÖ=~åÇ=oÉä~íáçåëÜáé=íç=oáëâ=dêçìé= Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=íóéáÅ~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉë=~í=É~ÅÜ=äÉîÉä= ä~Äçê~íçêó= ÇÉëáÖåI= ÉèìáéãÉåí= ~åÇ= ïçêâáåÖ= éê~ÅíáÅÉë= êÉèìáêÉÇ= Ñçê= É~ÅÜ= Äáçë~ÑÉíó= äÉîÉäI= ÅçîÉêáåÖW= - ~ÅÅÉëë= - éÉêëçå~ä=éêçíÉÅíáçå= - éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= - ïçêâáåÖ=~êÉ~ë= - Äáçë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= - ä~Äçê~íçêó=ÇÉëáÖå=~åÇ=Ñ~ÅáäáíáÉë= - ä~Äçê~íçêó=ÉèìáéãÉåí= - ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ= - íê~áåáåÖ= - ï~ëíÉ=Ü~åÇäáåÖK=

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=iáëí=çÑ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=aáëÉ~ëÉ=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåëI=oNVQI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=OMM=J=^ååÉñI=ëÉÅíáçå=NKPW=_áçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI= OMMNK=fp_k=VOONNNSOUu= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=efsL^fap=~åÇ=íÜÉ=tçêäÇ=çÑ=tçêâI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI= OMMOK==fp_k=VOONNNSPPS= eÉ~äíÜI=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=båîáêçåãÉåí=Ó=~=ëÉêáÉë=çÑ=íê~ÇÉë=ìåáçå=ÉÇìÅ~íáçå=ã~åì~äë=Ñçê=~ÖêáÅìäíìê~ä= ïçêâÉêëI=fil=OMMQ==ÜííéWLLïïïKáäçKçêÖLë~ÑÉïçêâLáåÑçLáåëíêLä~åÖJJÉåLÇçÅk~ãÉJJ t`jp|NNMNVVLáåÇÉñKÜíã= tçêäÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=i~Äçê~íçêó=_áçp~ÑÉíó=j~åì~äI==qÜáêÇ=bÇáíáçåI=telI=OMMQKEÑêÉÉ= Ççïåäç~Ç=Ñêçã=tel=ïÉÄëáíÉF= ^Çîáëçêó=`çããáííÉÉ=çå=a~åÖÉêçìë=m~íÜçÖÉåëI=qÜÉ=^ééêçîÉÇ=iáëí=çÑ=ÄáçäçÖáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=E~î~áä~ÄäÉ= ~ë=~å=çåäáåÉ=éìÄäáÅ~íáçå=çåäó=çå=íÜÉ=epb=ïÉÄëáíÉ=~í=ÜííéWLLïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLéìÄåëLãáëÅOMUKéÇÑKF=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=T=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

QV

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f_SW= mÜóëáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=N=Ó=åçáëÉ=~åÇ=îáÄê~íáçå= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f_SKN= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáÅ=éÜóëáÅ~ä=ÅçåÅÉéíë=êÉäÉî~åí=íç=åçáëÉ= = f_SKO= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=åçáëÉ=çå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=~ìÇáçãÉíêó= = f_SKP= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=~åÇ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=åçáëÉ=ÉñéçëìêÉ= = f_SKQ= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÅçåíêçääáåÖ=åçáëÉ=~åÇ=åçáëÉ=ÉñéçëìêÉ= = f_SKR= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáÅ=éÜóëáÅ~ä=ÅçåÅÉéíë=êÉäÉî~åí=íç=îáÄê~íáçå= = f_SKS= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=îáÄê~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä== = f_SKT= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=~åÇ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=îáÄê~íáçå=ÉñéçëìêÉ= = f_SKU= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÅçåíêçääáåÖ=îáÄê~íáçå=~åÇ=îáÄê~íáçå=ÉñéçëìêÉK=

`çåíÉåí= f_SKN= _~ëáÅ=éÜóëáÅ~ä=ÅçåÅÉéíë=êÉäÉî~åí=íç=åçáëÉ= 

qÜÉ= ÖÉåÉê~ä= ãÉ~åáåÖ= çÑ= ÚåçáëÉÛ= EêÉÑW= ~êíáÅäÉ= P= çÑ= fil= `NQUI= tçêâáåÖ= båîáêçåãÉåí= `çåîÉåíáçå=NVTTF=



qÜÉ=Ä~ëáÅ=ÅçåÅÉéíë=çÑ=ëçìåÇW== -

å~íìêÉ= EéêçÖêÉëëáîÉ= äçåÖáíìÇáå~ä= ï~îÉI= íê~åëãáííÉÇ= íÜêçìÖÜ= Çáëéä~ÅÉãÉåí= çÑ= ãÉÇáìã= íÜêçìÖÜ=ïÜáÅÜ=áí=íê~îÉäëF= ï~îÉ=éêçéÉêíáÉë=J=ï~îÉäÉåÖíÜI=~ãéäáíìÇÉI=ÑêÉèìÉåÅóLéáíÅÜ= ÅçåÅÉéíë=çÑ=ëçìåÇ=éêÉëëìêÉI=ëçìåÇ=áåíÉåëáíó== íÜÉ=ÇÉÅáÄÉä=EÇ_F=ëÅ~äÉ=~åÇ=áíë=äçÖ~êáíÜãáÅ=å~íìêÉ=EïáíÜ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=~í=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= ëçìåÇ=äÉîÉäëF= Üìã~å=~ìÇáíçêó=ÑêÉèìÉåÅó=ëÉåëáíáîáíó=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ=çÑ=^JïÉáÖÜíáåÖ=ÚÇ_E^FÛ=~åÇ=`= ïÉáÖÜíáåÖ=ÚÇ_E`FÛI=áå=êÉä~íáçå=íç=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=åçáëÉ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=



`çåÅÉéíë=çÑ=~ÇÇáíáçå=çÑ=ãìäíáéäÉ=áåÅçÜÉêÉåí=ëçìåÇë=EÉèì~ä=~åÇ=ìåÉèì~äF=



`çåÅÉéí=çÑ=Éèìáî~äÉåí=åçáëÉ=ÇçëÉK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RM

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f_SKO= bÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=åçáëÉ=çå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä= 

qÜÉ=éÜóëáçäçÖó=çÑ=íÜÉ=É~ê=áå=êÉä~íáçå=íç=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=ÜÉ~êáåÖ=



qÜÉ=éÜóëáÅ~ä=~åÇ=éëóÅÜçäçÖáÅ~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~äX=íóéÉë=çÑ=ÜÉ~êáåÖ=äçëë=ïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= íÜÉáê= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ= áå= íÜÉ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉI= íÜÉ= ~ÅìíÉ= ~åÇ= ÅÜêçåáÅ= éÜóëáçäçÖáÅ~ä= ÉÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=ÜáÖÜ=åçáëÉ=äÉîÉäë=



eÉ~äíÜ=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ=EêÉÑW=ëÉÅíáçå=VKQ=çÑ=fil=`çmI=Ú^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉÛ= -

ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉë=ïÜÉå=áí=ã~ó=ÄÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ= íóéÉë=EéêÉJÉãéäçóãÉåíI=éÉêáçÇáÅ=ÉíÅF= ìëÉ=çÑ=~ìÇáçãÉíêó=íç=ãÉ~ëìêÉ=ÜÉ~êáåÖ=~åÇ=ÜÉ~êáåÖ=äçëëX=ãÉíÜçÇI=áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=~åÇ=ìëÉ= çÑ= êÉëìäíë= EáåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå=çÑ= ~ìÇáçÖê~ãëFI= ~Çî~åí~ÖÉë= ~åÇ= Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë= çÑ= ~ìÇáçãÉíêó= éêçÖê~ããÉëI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=äÉÖ~ä=áãéäáÅ~íáçåëK=

f_SKP= jÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=~åÇ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=åçáëÉ=ÉñéçëìêÉ= 

fåëíêìãÉåí~íáçå=ìëÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=çÑ=åçáëÉW= -



kçáëÉ= êáëâ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= íç= ÅçåëáÇÉê= EêÉÑ= ëÉÅíáçå= VKOI= fil= `çmI= Ú^ãÄáÉåí= c~Åíçêë= áå= íÜÉ= tçêâéä~ÅÉÛFW= -



íóéÉë=EêÉÑ=êÉäÉî~åí=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ëí~åÇ~êÇëI=ëìÅÜ=~ë=fplF= Ä~ëáÅ= çéÉê~íáçåI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= Å~äáÄê~íáçåI= ÇÉíÉêãáå~íáçå= çÑ= i^Éè= ~åÇ= ibmIÇI= ~åÇ= ÑêÉèìÉåÅó= EçÅí~îÉ=Ä~åÇF=~å~äóëáë=

êáëâ=çÑ=ÜÉ~êáåÖ=áãé~áêãÉåíI=áãé~áêãÉåí=çÑ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåëI=åÉêîçìë=Ñ~íáÖìÉ= áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ëçìêÅÉëI=í~ëâë= ÉñéçëìêÉ=äáãáíë= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=åçáëÉ=Éãáëëáçå=äÉîÉäë=Ñêçã=ÉèìáéãÉåí= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåíë= íç= ÉÖI= èì~åíáÑóI= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëÉ= åçáëÉ= ~åÇ= ~ëëÉëë= ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë= çÑ= ÉñáëíáåÖ=ÅçåíêçäëK=

qÜÉ= ãÉíÜçÇçäçÖó= çÑ= ìåÇÉêí~âáåÖ= éÉêëçå~ä= åçáëÉ= ÉñéçëìêÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåíë= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ= åçáëÉ= ëìêîÉóëFW== -

éä~ååáåÖ=EïÜçI=ÜçïI=ïÜÉêÉI=Üçï=çÑíÉåF= ÅÜçáÅÉ=çÑ=áåëíêìãÉåí~íáçå= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåíë=íç=ÄÉ=í~âÉå= ìëÉ= çÑ= åçáëÉ= Å~äÅìä~íçêë= íç= ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ= ãáñÉÇ= ÉñéçëìêÉë= EêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= rh= epbÛë= çåäáåÉ= Å~äÅìä~íçêF= áåíÉêéêÉí~íáçå= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= êÉëìäíëI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= Åçãé~êáëçå= ïáíÜ= äÉÖ~ä= äáãáíë= EïáíÜ= å~íáçå~äLêÉÖáçå~ä=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ëìÅÜ=äáãáíëFK=

f_SKQ= `çåíêçääáåÖ=åçáëÉ=~åÇ=åçáëÉ=ÉñéçëìêÉ= 

qÜÉ=ÜáÉê~êÅÜó=çÑ=åçáëÉ=ÅçåíêçäW== -

Éäáãáå~íÉLÅçåíêçä= ~í= ëçìêÅÉ= EëìÄëíáíìíáçåI= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= ä~óçìí= EÉÖI= êÉäçÅ~íáçå= çÑ= ~ää= åçáëó= ÉèìáéãÉåíFI=êÉJÇÉëáÖå=çÑ=ÉèìáéãÉåíLí~ëâI=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉI=éìêÅÜ~ëáåÖ=éçäáÅóF=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RN

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= -



Åçåíêçä=~äçåÖ=íê~åëãáëëáçå=é~íÜ= -

ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=çÑ=ëçìåÇ=~í=áåíÉêÑ~ÅÉë=Ó=íê~åëãáëëáçåI=êÉÑäÉÅíáçåI=~Äëçêéíáçå=

-

ëçìåÇ= êÉÇìÅíáçå= áåÇáÅÉë= ~åÇ= ~Äëçêéíáçå= ÅçÉÑÑáÅáÉåíë= ~åÇ= íÜÉáê= ìëÉ= áå= ã~íÉêá~äë=ëÉäÉÅíáçå=

-

íÉÅÜåáèìÉë=çÑ=Ç~ãéáåÖI=áëçä~íáçåI=ÇáÑÑìëáçåI=Ä~êêáÉêëI=~ÅçìëíáÅ=ÉåÅäçëìêÉëI= Çáëí~åÅÉ=

Åçåíêçä= ÉñéçëìêÉ= ~í= íÜÉ= êÉÅÉáîÉê= E~ÅçìëíáÅ= Ü~îÉåëI= ÜÉ~êáåÖ= éêçíÉÅíáçå= òçåÉëI= ~åÇ= mmbI= äáãáíáåÖ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=íáãÉI=êçäÉ=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ=E~ìÇáçãÉíêóI=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉÇ=É~êäáÉêF==

qÜÉ=ëÉäÉÅíáçåI=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ÜÉ~êáåÖ=éêçíÉÅíáçåW= -

íóéÉë=çÑ=ÜÉ~êáåÖ=éêçíÉÅíáçå= ìëÉ=çÑ=çÅí~îÉ=Ä~åÇ=~å~äóëáë=íç=~áÇ=ëÉäÉÅíáçå= pko=EëáåÖäÉ=åìãÄÉê=ê~íáåÖF=~åÇ=eji=EÜáÖÜI=ãÉÇáìãI=äçïF=ãÉíÜçÇë= éêçÄäÉãë=çÑ=çîÉêJéêçíÉÅíáçåK=

f_SKR= _~ëáÅ=éÜóëáÅ~ä=ÅçåÅÉéíë=êÉäÉî~åí=íç=îáÄê~íáçå= 

jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=ÚsáÄê~íáçåÛ=EêÉÑW=~êíáÅäÉ=P=çÑ=fil=`NQUI=tçêâáåÖ=båîáêçåãÉåí=`çåîÉåíáçå=NVTTF=



qÜÉ= Ä~ëáÅ= ÅçåÅÉéíë= çÑ= Çáëéä~ÅÉãÉåíI= îÉäçÅáíóI= ~ãéäáíìÇÉI= ÑêÉèìÉåÅó= ~åÇ= ~ÅÅÉäÉê~íáçå= Ñçê= çëÅáää~íáåÖ=é~êíáÅäÉë=áå=êÉä~íáçå=íçW= -

çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=îáÄê~íáçå=ÉñéçëìêÉI=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=íóéáÅ~ä=Éãáëëáçå= äÉîÉäë= ÅçãÑçêí=äÉîÉäë= ÅçåÅÉéí=çÑ=Éèìáî~äÉåí=îáÄê~íáçå=ÇçëÉK=

f_SKS= bÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=îáÄê~íáçå=çå=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä= 

qÜÉ=Öêçìéë=çÑ=ïçêâÉêë=~í=êáëâ=ÑêçãI=~åÇ=íÜÉ=éÜóëáçäçÖáÅ~ä=~åÇ=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑI=ÉñéçëìêÉ= íçW= -

ïÜçäÉ=ÄçÇó=îáÄê~íáçå=Et_sF= Ü~åÇJ~êã= îáÄê~íáçå= Ee^sFI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= ~ÖÖê~î~íáåÖ= Ñ~Åíçêë= EÉÖ= = äçï= íÉãéÉê~íìêÉëI= ëãçâáåÖF=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=píçÅâÜçäã=ëÅ~äÉ=íç=áåÇáÅ~íÉ=ëÉîÉêáíóK=

f_SKT= jÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=~åÇ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=îáÄê~íáçå=ÉñéçëìêÉ= 

sáÄê~íáçå= êáëâ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= íç= ÅçåëáÇÉê= EêÉÑ= ëÉÅíáçå= NMKOI= fil= `çmI= Ú^ãÄáÉåí= c~Åíçêë= áå= íÜÉ= tçêâéä~ÅÉÛ=FW= -



áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ëçìêÅÉëI=í~ëâë= ÉñéçëìêÉ=äáãáíë= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=îáÄê~íáçå=Éãáëëáçå=äÉîÉäë=Ñêçã=ÉèìáéãÉåí= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåíë= íç= ÉÖI= èì~åíáÑóI= ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëÉ= îáÄê~íáçå= ~åÇ= ~ëëÉëë= ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëë= çÑ=ÉñáëíáåÖ=Åçåíêçäë= éçíÉåíá~ä=Ñçê=Éäáãáå~íáçåX=~ÇÉèì~Åó=çÑ=íê~áåáåÖX=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëìééçêíë= ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=ÅçäÇI=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=îáÄê~íáçå=Et_sI=e^s=ÉíÅF==

qÜÉ=Éëíáã~íáçå=~åÇ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=çÑ=îáÄê~íáçå=ÉñéçëìêÉW= -

ìëÉ=çÑ=ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêÉêëÛ=Ç~í~=íç=Éëíáã~íÉ=ïçêâÉêëÛ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=îáÄê~íáçå= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåíë= Ñçê= ÄçíÜ= t_s= ~åÇ= e^s= ÉñéçëìêÉX= áåëíêìãÉåí~íáçå= EíÜÉ= ~ÅÅÉäÉêçãÉíÉêF=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 

`çåÅÉéí=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=Ñçê=îáÄê~íáçå=EïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=å~íáçå~äLêÉÖáçå~ä=Éñ~ãéäÉëF=



rëÉ=çÑ=îáÄê~íáçå=Å~äÅìä~íçêë=íç=ÇÉíÉêãáåÉ=ëáãéäÉ=~åÇ=ãáñÉÇ=Éèìáî~äÉåí=ÉñéçëìêÉK=

f_SKU= `çåíêçääáåÖ=îáÄê~íáçå=~åÇ=îáÄê~íáçå=ÉñéçëìêÉ= 

mê~ÅíáÅ~ä= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= íç= éêÉîÉåí= çê= ãáåáãáëÉ= ÉñéçëìêÉ= íç= ÄçíÜ= ïÜçäÉ= ÄçÇó= îáÄê~íáçå= ~åÇ=Ü~åÇ=~êã=îáÄê~íáçåI=áåÅäìÇáåÖW= -

~ìíçã~íáçå= ÅÜ~åÖÉ=çÑ=ïçêâ=ãÉíÜçÇ= áãéêçîÉÇL~äíÉêå~íáîÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= éìêÅÜ~ëáåÖ=éçäáÅó= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= àçÄ=êçí~íáçå= áåëíêìÅíáçåLíê~áåáåÖ= ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ= mmbK=

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI= dÉåÉî~I=OMMNK=fp_k=VOONNNSOUu== `Ü~éíÉê=VW=kçáëÉ= `Ü~éíÉê=NMW=sáÄê~íáçå= `NQU=tçêâáåÖ=båîáêçåãÉåí=E^áê=mçääìíáçåI=kçáëÉ=~åÇ=sáÄê~íáçåF=`çåîÉåíáçåI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=NVTT== oNRS=tçêâáåÖ=båîáêçåãÉåí=E^áê=mçääìíáçåI=kçáëÉ=~åÇ=sáÄê~íáçåF=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=NVTT== epbW=ÜííéWLLïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLåçáëÉLÅ~äÅìä~íçêKÜíã== epbW=ÜííéWLLïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLîáÄê~íáçåLÜ~îLîáÄê~íáçåÅ~äÅKÜíã= epbW=ÜííéWLLïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLîáÄê~íáçåLïÄîLÅ~äÅìä~íçêKÜíã=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=NM=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f_TW= mÜóëáÅ~ä=~ÖÉåíë=O=Ó=ê~Çá~íáçå= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= I_TKN= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íóéÉë=çÑ=áçåáëáåÖ=~åÇ=åçåJáçåáëáåÖ=ê~Çá~íáçå= f_TKO= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=åçåJáçåáëáåÖ=ê~Çá~íáçåI=áíë=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=~åÇ==ÅçåíêçäI= = áåÅäìÇáåÖ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ëéÉÅá~ä=Å~ëÉ=çÑ=çéíáÅ~ä=ä~ëÉêë= f_TKP= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=áçåáëáåÖ=ê~Çá~íáçåI=áíë=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=~åÇ=ÅçåíêçäK=

`çåíÉåí= f_TKN= qóéÉë=çÑ=áçåáëáåÖ=~åÇ=åçåJáçåáëáåÖ=ê~Çá~íáçå= 

qÜÉ=ÉäÉÅíêçã~ÖåÉíáÅ=ëéÉÅíêìãW= -

-

ëÅçéÉI= ïáíÜ= Éñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ= çêáÖáåë= ~åÇ= ëçìêÅÉë= EçÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ~åÇ= å~íìê~äFI= ÅçîÉêáåÖ= d~ãã~Jê~óI=uJê~óI=çéíáÅ~ä=EáKÉK=ìäíê~îáçäÉí=ErsFI=îáëáÄäÉI=áåÑê~JêÉÇ=EfoFF=~åÇ=ê~ÇáçÑêÉèìÉåÅó= EáÉI=ãáÅêçï~îÉëI=ê~Çáç=ï~îÉëF== å~íìêÉ=EéêçÖêÉëëáîÉ=íê~åëîÉêëÉ=ï~îÉF= ÉäÉÅíêçã~ÖåÉíáÅ=EbjF=ï~îÉ=éêçéÉêíáÉë=J=ï~îÉäÉåÖíÜI=ÑêÉèìÉåÅóI=ÉåÉêÖó=



m~êíáÅìä~íÉ= ê~Çá~íáçå= E~äéÜ~I= ÄÉí~I= åÉìíêçåëFI= ïáíÜ= Éñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ= çêáÖáåë= ~åÇ= ëçìêÅÉë= EçÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=~åÇ=å~íìê~äF=



aáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=áçåáëáåÖ=~åÇ=åçåJáçåáëáåÖ=ê~Çá~íáçå=



oçäÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=`çããáëëáçå=çå=o~ÇáçäçÖáÅ~ä=mêçíÉÅíáçå=Ef`omF=~åÇ=íÜÉ=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= `çããáëëáçå=çå=kçåJfçåáëáåÖ=o~Çá~íáçå=mêçíÉÅíáçå=Ef`kfomFK=

f_TKO= kçåJáçåáëáåÖ=ê~Çá~íáçå= 

cçê=çéíáÅ~ä=ErsI=îáëáÄäÉI=foF=~åÇ=ê~ÇáçÑêÉèìÉåÅó=EãáÅêçï~îÉI=ê~Çáç=ï~îÉëF=ê~Çá~íáçå=íóéÉëW= -



léíáÅ~ä=ä~ëÉêë= -



íÜÉ=éÜóëáçäçÖáÅ~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉI=ÄçíÜ=~ÅìíÉ=~åÇ=ÅÜêçåáÅ= ÅçåÅÉéí=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=äáãáíëI=ïáíÜ=å~íáçå~äLêÉÖáçå~ä=Éñ~ãéäÉë=EÉKÖK=p^o=äáãáíëF= ìåáíë=~åÇ=ãÉíÜçÇë=çÑ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåíI=éçïÉê=ÇÉåëáíó== íóéáÅ~ä= ä~ëÉê= ëçìêÅÉë= áå= ïçêâéä~ÅÉë= EÉÖI= äÉáëìêÉI= ÉåíÉêí~áåãÉåíI= êÉí~áäI= ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖI= ÜÉ~äíÜÅ~êÉI=êÉëÉ~êÅÜI=ÉíÅF= íÜÉ=é~êíáÅìä~ê=éêçéÉêíáÉë=çÑ=ä~ëÉê=ê~Çá~íáçå= Ü~ò~êÇ=Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçåë=çÑ=ä~ëÉêë=Efb`Lbk=SMUORJNF= ÅçåÅÉéíë=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=äáãáíë= éÜóëáçäçÖáÅ~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=ä~ëÉê=ê~Çá~íáçå=

o~Çá~íáçå=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=íç=ÅçåëáÇÉê=EêÉÑW=ëÉÅíáçå=TKOI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=Ú^ãÄáÉåí= c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉÛ=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉ=F=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RQ

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= -



ëçìêÅÉë= çÑ= åçåJáçåáëáåÖ= ê~Çá~íáçå= ÄçíÜ= ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ= áå= ïçêâéä~ÅÉë= EÉÖI= = äÉáëìêÉI= ã~åìÑ~ÅíìêáåÖI= ÜÉ~äíÜÅ~êÉI= êÉëÉ~êÅÜI= íÉäÉÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåë= ÉíÅF= ~åÇ= å~íìê~ääó= çÅÅìêêáåÖ= EÉÖ==çìíÇççê=ïçêâF= Åçãé~êáëçå=çÑ=ãÉ~ëìêÉÇ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=äÉîÉäë=ïáíÜ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=äáãáíë= éçíÉåíá~ä=Ñçê=ãáëìëÉ=çê=ãáëìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=ë~ÑÉíó=éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë= ëéÉÅá~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë=Ñçê=ä~ëÉêë=ìëÉÇ=çìíÇççêë=

mê~ÅíáÅ~ä= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= íç= éêÉîÉåí= çê= ãáåáãáëÉ= ÉñéçëìêÉ= íç= åçåJáçåáëáåÖ= ê~Çá~íáçå= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ=ä~ëÉêëF=ÄçíÜ=ÖÉåÉê~íÉÇ=áå=ïçêâéä~ÅÉë=~åÇ=å~íìê~ääó=çÅÅìêêáåÖ=áåÅäìÇáåÖW= -

ÇÉëáÖå= ëáíáåÖ= ÇáêÉÅíáçå=Åçåíêçä= êÉÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=ëíê~ó=ÑáÉäÇëLÄÉ~ãë= ëÅêÉÉåáåÖ= ÉåÅäçëìêÉë= Çáëí~åÅÉ= ë~ÑÉ=ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=ïçêâ= áåëíêìÅíáçåë= íê~áåáåÖ= mmb= ëéÉÅá~äáëí=~ÇîáëÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå=íç=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=ÉÖI=ä~ëÉêëK=

f_TKP= fçåáëáåÖ=ê~Çá~íáçå= 

oçìíÉë=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=Ñçê=áçåáëáåÖ=ê~Çá~íáçåW= -

ÉñíÉêå~ä= EïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= éÉåÉíê~íáåÖ= éçïÉê= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= íóéÉë= çÑ= áçåáëáåÖ= ê~Çá~íáçåF= áåíÉêå~ä=EáåÜ~ä~íáçåI=áåÖÉëíáçåI=áåàÉÅíáçå=~Äëçêéíáçå=Ñçê=ìåëÉ~äÉÇ=ëçìêÅÉëF=



råáíë=~åÇ=ÅçåÅÉéíë=çÑ=ê~Çáç~Åíáîáíó=Ó=~ÅíáîáíóI=~ÄëçêÄÉÇ=ÇçëÉI=Éèìáî~äÉåí=ÇçëÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ÇçëÉ=



bÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=íç=É~ÅÜ=íóéÉ=çÑ=ê~Çá~íáçå=E~äéÜ~I=ÄÉí~I=Ö~ãã~I=uJê~Çá~íáçåI=åÉìíêçåëFW= -



ëçã~íáÅ=EÉ~êäóL~ÅìíÉI=ä~íÉLÅÜêçåáÅF= ÖÉåÉíáÅLÜÉêÉÇáí~êó= ÇçëÉJêÉëéçåëÉ=~åÇ=ÇçëÉJÉÑÑÉÅí=Ó=ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÇÉíÉêãáåáëíáÅ=EåçåJëíçÅÜ~ëíáÅF=~åÇ= ëíçÅÜ~ëíáÅ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=

jÉíÜçÇë= çÑ=ãÉ~ëìêáåÖLÇÉíÉÅíáåÖ= áçåáëáåÖ= ê~Çá~íáçåI= ïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= Üçï= íÜÉëÉ= ãáÖÜí= ÄÉ= ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉW== -

áçåáë~íáçå=ÅÜ~ãÄÉêë=EdÉáÖÉêJjìääÉê=íìÄÉFI=ëÅáåíáää~íáçå=ÇÉíÉÅíçêë= ìëÉ=çÑ=Ñáäã=Ä~ÇÖÉëI=íÜÉêãçJäìãáåÉëÅÉåí=ÇçëáãÉíÉêëI=~ééêçîÉÇ=ÇçëáãÉíêó=ëÉêîáÅÉë=



^ëëÉëëãÉåí= çÑ= áçåáëáåÖ= ê~Çá~íáçå= êáëâë= EêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= W= ëÉÅíáçå= RKOI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê= lÑÑáÅÉI= Ú^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉÛ ~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉF=



o~Çá~íáçå= éêçíÉÅíáçå= íç= ÅçîÉê= EêÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= ÅÜ~éíÉêë= PJTI= = fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê= lÑÑáÅÉI= o~Çá~íáçå=mêçíÉÅíáçå=çÑ=tçêâÉêë=EfçåáëáåÖ=o~Çá~íáçåëFI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉFW= -

ÅçåÅÉéíë= çÑ= åçíáÑáÅ~íáçåI= êÉÖáëíê~íáçå= ~åÇ= äáÅÉåëáåÖ= çÑ= ê~Çá~íáçå= ïçêâ= Ñêçã= `çãéÉíÉåí= ^ìíÜçêáíó= Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ïçêâÉêë=~åÇ=~êÉ~ë= ÇçëÉ= äáãáí~íáçå= Eäáãáíë= Ñçê= åçêã~ä= ~åÇ= ~Äåçêã~ä= ÉñéçëìêÉëI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= éä~ååáåÖF=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RR

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= -

ÅçãéÉíÉåí=~ÇîáÅÉ=ÉÖI==ê~Çá~íáçå=éêçíÉÅíáçå=çÑÑáÅÉê= ê~Çá~íáçå=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ=Eïçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=áåÇáîáÇì~äF= ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ= ÅçåíêçäW= - ÇÉëáÖå=ÑÉ~íìêÉëW== -

-

ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ÇÉëáÖåI=îÉåíáä~íáçå=ÉíÅ= Åçåíêçä= çÑ= ÉñíÉêå~ä= ê~Çá~íáçå= EëçìêÅÉ= ~ÅíáîáíóI= ëÜáÉäÇáåÖI= Çáëí~åÅÉI= íáãÉF= Åçåíêçä= çÑ= áåíÉêå~ä= ê~Çá~íáçå= EéêÉîÉåíáçå= çÑ= áåÜ~ä~íáçåI= áåÖÉëíáçåI= áåàÉÅíáçåI=~ÄëçêéíáçåF=

-

çéÉê~íáçå~ä=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=EÉÖI=ÇÉëáÖå~íáçå=çÑ=ÚÅçåíêçääÉÇ=~êÉ~ëÛI==äçÅ~ä=êìäÉëI= íê~áåáåÖF=

-

éêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ÇÉîáÅÉë=~åÇ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=

êÉÅçêÇ=âÉÉéáåÖK= = = =

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=o~Çá~íáçå=mêçíÉÅíáçå=çÑ=tçêâÉêë=EfçåáëáåÖ=o~Çá~íáçåëFI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ= çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUTK=fp_kW=VOONMRVVSM= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI= dÉåÉî~I=OMMNK=fp_k=VOONNNSOUu== `Ü~éíÉê=RW=fçåáëáåÖ=o~Çá~íáçå= `Ü~éíÉê=SW=bäÉÅíêáÅ=~åÇ=j~ÖåÉíáÅ=cáÉäÇë= `Ü~éíÉê=TW=léíáÅ~ä= _êáíáëÜ=pí~åÇ~êÇë=fåëíáíìíáçåI=_p=bk=SMUORJN=p~ÑÉíó=çÑ=i~ëÉê=mêçÇìÅíëK=bèìáéãÉåí=`ä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçåI= oÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=rëÉêDë=dìáÇÉI=_pfI= filI=ë~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ê~ÇáçÑêÉèìÉåÅó=ÇáÉäÉÅíêáÅ=ÜÉ~íÉêë=~åÇ=ëÉ~äÉêëI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVUK=fp_k=VOONNMPPPN= filI=qÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=i~ëÉêë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVPK=fp_k=VOONMUOSMN= filI=sáëì~ä=aáëéä~ó=råáíëW=o~Çá~íáçå=mêçíÉÅíáçå=dìáÇ~åÅÉI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~=NVVQK=fp_k=VOONMUOSOU=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=V=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RS

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f_UW= mëóÅÜçJëçÅá~ä=~ÖÉåíë== iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f_UKN= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ëÅçéÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=Å~ìëÉë=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=ëíêÉëë= f_UKO= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçä= çÑ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= ëíêÉëë= ïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= êÉäÉî~åí= ëí~åÇ~êÇë== f_UKP= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=ëÅçéÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=Å~ìëÉë=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=îáçäÉåÅÉL~ÖÖêÉëëáçå= f_UKQ= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçä= çÑ= ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ= îáçäÉåÅÉL~ÖÖêÉëëáçå= ïáíÜ= = êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=êÉäÉî~åí=ëí~åÇ~êÇëK=

`çåíÉåí= f_UKN= pÅçéÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=Å~ìëÉë=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=ëíêÉëë= 

qÜÉ=ãÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=ëíêÉëë=



mÜóëáÅ~ä=~åÇ=éëóÅÜçäçÖáÅ~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=ëíêÉëë=



mêáã~êó= ëçìêÅÉëLêáëâ= Ñ~Åíçêë= Ñçê= ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ= ëíêÉëë= EïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= íÜÉ= rh= epb= píêÉëë= j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=(www.hse.gov.uk/stress/standards)= -

ÇÉã~åÇë= Åçåíêçä= ëìééçêí= êÉä~íáçåëÜáéë= êçäÉ= ÅÜ~åÖÉK=

f_UKO= fÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=ëíêÉëë= 

táíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=íÜÉ=rh=epbÛë=ëíêÉëë=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëí~åÇ~êÇëW= -

áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= çÑ= ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ= ëíêÉëë= ~í= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= ~åÇ= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä= äÉîÉä=EÉÖI=ÇáëÅìëëáçåëI=~ÄëÉåÅÉ=Ç~í~I=áåíÉêîáÉïëI=ëìêîÉóëI=èìÉëíáçåå~áêÉëI=ÉíÅF= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= íç= êÉÇìÅÉ= ~åÇ= ã~å~ÖÉ= ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ= ëíêÉëë= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ= ÅçìåëÉääáåÖ=~åÇ=êÉíìêå=íç=ïçêâ=éçäáÅáÉëFK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RT

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f_UKP= pÅçéÉI=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=~åÇ=Å~ìëÉë=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=îáçäÉåÅÉL~ÖÖêÉëëáçå= 

jÉ~åáåÖ= çÑ= ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ= îáçäÉåÅÉL~ÖÖêÉëëáçå= EïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= ëÉÅíáçå= NKP= çÑ= tçêâéä~ÅÉ= sáçäÉåÅÉ= áå= pÉêîáÅÉë= pÉÅíçêë= ~åÇ= jÉ~ëìêÉë= íç= `çãÄ~í= qÜáë= mÜÉåçãÉåçåI= fil= `çÇÉ= çÑ= mê~ÅíáÅÉ= ~åÇ= ëÉÅíáçå= NKP= çÑ= fil= E~åÇ= çíÜÉêëF= = fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= cê~ãÉïçêâ= dìáÇÉäáåÉë= Ñçê= ^ÇÇêÉëëáåÖ=tçêâéä~ÅÉ=sáçäÉåÅÉ=áå=íÜÉ=eÉ~äíÜ=pÉÅíçêF=



mÜóëáÅ~ä=~åÇ=éëóÅÜçäçÖáÅ~ä=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=îáçäÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=~ÖÖêÉëëáçå=



fÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= çÑ= êáëâë= çÑ= ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ= îáçäÉåÅÉL~ÖÖêÉëëáçå= EÉÖI= ìëÉ= çÑ= ëí~ÑÑ= ëìêîÉóëI=áåÅáÇÉåí=êÉéçêíáåÖ=~åÇ=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåíF=



c~Åíçêë=äáâÉäó=íç=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=íÜÉ=êáëâ=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=îáçäÉåÅÉI=ÉÖI=éÉçéäÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=ïáíÜ=éìÄäáÅI= Å~êáåÖLíÉ~ÅÜáåÖ= éêçÑÉëëáçåëI= ïçêâáåÖ= ïáíÜ= éëóÅÜá~íêáÅ= ÅäáÉåíë= çê= ~äÅçÜçäLÇêìÖ= áãé~áêÉÇ= éÉçéäÉI= ïçêâáåÖ= ~äçåÉI= ÜçãÉ= îáëáíáåÖI= Ü~åÇäáåÖ= ãçåÉóLî~äì~ÄäÉëI= áåëéÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ= ÉåÑçêÅÉãÉåí=ÇìíáÉëI=êÉí~áä=~åÇ=äáÅÉåëÉÇ=íê~ÇÉI=Åìäíìê~äI=ÉíÜåáÅ=~åÇ=íêáÄ~ä=áëëìÉëK=

f_UKQ= fÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=îáçäÉåÅÉL~ÖÖêÉëëáçå= 

fÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= íç= êÉÇìÅÉ= ~åÇ= ã~å~ÖÉ= ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ= îáçäÉåÅÉL~ÖÖêÉëëáçå=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ìëáåÖ=éÜóëáÅ~äI=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä=~åÇ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê~ä=ÅçåíêçäëW= -

-

Å~ëÜ=ÑêÉÉ=ëóëíÉãëI=ä~óçìí=çÑ=éìÄäáÅ=~êÉ~ë=~åÇ=ÇÉëáÖå=çÑ=ÑáñíìêÉë=~åÇ=ÑáííáåÖë= ìëÉ=çÑ=Å~ãÉê~ëI=éêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ëÅêÉÉåëI=~åÇ=ëÉÅìêáíóJÅçÇÉÇ=Çççêë= ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçå=ëóëíÉãëI=é~ëëáåÖ=çå=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=êáëâë=Ñêçã=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=ÅäáÉåíë=EîáçäÉåí= ã~êâÉê=Ñä~ÖëFI=êÉÅçêÇáåÖ=çÑ=ëí~ÑÑ=ïÜÉêÉ~Äçìíë=~åÇ=êÉÅçÖåáíáçå=ïÜÉå=ëí~ÑÑ=~êÉ=çîÉêÇìÉI= ìëÉ=çÑ=ãçÄáäÉ=ÅçããìåáÅ~íáçåë=ÉèìáéãÉåí=éÜçåÉëI=ê~ÇáçëI=dmp= ëí~ÑÑ=íê~áåáåÖW=êÉÅçÖåáíáçå=çÑ=ëáíì~íáçåë=ïÜÉêÉ=îáçäÉåÅÉ=ÅçìäÇ=êÉëìäíI=áåíÉêéÉêëçå~ä=ëâáääë=íç= ÇÉÑìëÉ= ~ÖÖêÉëëáçåI= ìëÉ= çÑ= ä~åÖì~ÖÉ= ~åÇ= ÄçÇó= ä~åÖì~ÖÉX= ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ= íç= ëí~ÑÑ= çå= ÇÉ~äáåÖ= ïáíÜ= ~å= áåÅáÇÉåíX= ëìééçêí= Ñçê= ëí~ÑÑ= éçëíJáåÅáÇÉåí= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= íê~áåáåÖ= áå= ÅçìåëÉääáåÖ= Ñçê= ã~å~ÖÉêëK=

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= rh=epb=píêÉëë=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=EepdONUFI=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=Ñêçã= ïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLëíêÉëëLëí~åÇ~êÇëL= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=tçêâéä~ÅÉ=sáçäÉåÅÉ=áå=pÉêîáÅÉë=pÉÅíçêë=~åÇ=jÉ~ëìêÉë=íç=`çãÄ~í= qÜáë=mÜÉåçãÉåçåI=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçå=I=dÉåÉî~I=OMMPK= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉLfåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=`çìåÅáä=çÑ=kìêëÉëLtçêäÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåLmìÄäáÅ= pÉêîáÅÉë=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=cê~ãÉïçêâ=dìáÇÉäáåÉë=Ñçê=^ÇÇêÉëëáåÖ=tçêâéä~ÅÉ=sáçäÉåÅÉ=áå=íÜÉ=eÉ~äíÜ= pÉÅíçêK=dÉåÉî~I=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=OMMO==fp_k=VOONNPQQSS=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=R=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RU

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f_VW= jìëÅìäçëâÉäÉí~ä=êáëâë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë= iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f_VKN= lìíäáåÉ= íóéÉëI= Å~ìëÉë= ~åÇ= êÉäÉî~åí= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= Éñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ= áåàìêáÉë= ~åÇ= áääJÜÉ~äíÜ= = ÅçåÇáíáçåë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= êÉéÉíáíáîÉ= éÜóëáÅ~ä= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëI= ã~åì~ä= Ü~åÇäáåÖ= ~åÇ= = éççê=éçëíìêÉ= f_VKO= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçä= çÑ= êáëâë= Ñêçã= êÉéÉíáíáîÉ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëI= ã~åì~ä= Ü~åÇäáåÖ= ~åÇ=éççê=éçëíìêÉK==

`çåíÉåí== f_VKN= qóéÉëI=Å~ìëÉë=~åÇ=êÉäÉî~åí=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=Éñ~ãéäÉë== 

_~ëáÅ= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉ= Üìã~å= ãìëÅìäçëâÉäÉí~ä= ëóëíÉã= áåÅäìÇáåÖI= ÄçåÉëI= íÉåÇçåëI= äáÖ~ãÉåíëI=åÉêîÉë=~åÇ=ãìëÅäÉë=



qóéÉë=çÑ=áåàìêó=~åÇ=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=ÅçåÇáíáçåë=êÉëìäíáåÖ=Ñêçã=êÉéÉíáíáîÉ=éÜóëáÅ~ä=~ÅíáîáíáÉëI=ã~åì~ä= Ü~åÇäáåÖ=~åÇ=éççê=éçëíìêÉI=áåÅäìÇáåÖX=tçêâ=oÉä~íÉÇ=rééÉê=iáãÄ=aáëçêÇÉêëI=ãìëÅìäçëâÉäÉí~ä= áåàìêó= ~åÇ= ÇáëÅçãÑçêíI= Ä~Åâ= é~áåI= ÉóÉ= ~åÇ= ÉóÉëáÖÜí= ÉÑÑÉÅíëI= Ñ~íáÖìÉI= ëíêÉëëI= ëéê~áåëLëíê~áåëI= Ñê~ÅíìêÉëI=ä~ÅÉê~íáçåë=



bñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ= àçÄë= ~åÇ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= ëáíì~íáçåë= íÜ~í= ÖáîÉ= êáëÉ= íç= êáëâë= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= áåàìêáÉë= ~åÇ= áääJ ÜÉ~äíÜ=ÅçåÇáíáçåëI=ÉÖI==éêçÇìÅíáçåL~ëëÉãÄäó=äáåÉëI=ïçêâáåÖ=áå=êÉëíêáÅíÉÇ=ïçêâ=ëé~ÅÉëI=ìëÉ=çÑ= ÅçãéìíÉêëLä~éíçéëI=ã~åì~ä=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=çÄàÉÅíë=~åÇ=éÉçéäÉK=

f_VKO= ^ëëÉëëáåÖ=~åÇ=ÅçåíêçääáåÖ=êáëâë=Ñêçã=êÉéÉíáíáîÉ=~ÅíáîáíáÉëI=ã~åì~ä=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=~åÇ= éççê=éçëíìêÉ= 

`çåëáÇÉê~íáçå= çÑW= í~ëâI= äç~ÇI= ÑçêÅÉI= ïçêâáåÖ= ÉåîáêçåãÉåíI= ÉèìáéãÉåíI= áåÇáîáÇì~ä= Å~é~Äáäáíó= ïÜÉå=~ëëÉëëáåÖ=êáëâë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=êÉéÉíáíáîÉ=éÜóëáÅ~ä=~ÅíáîáíáÉëI=ã~åì~ä=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=~åÇ=éççê= éçëíìêÉ=



jÉíÜçÇë= çÑ= ~ëëÉëëáåÖ= íÜÉ= êáëâë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= àçÄëLí~ëâë= áåîçäîáåÖ= êÉéÉíáíáîÉ= éÜóëáÅ~ä= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëI=ã~åì~ä=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=~åÇ=éççê=éçëíìêÉ=



rëÉ= çÑ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= íççäëW= epb= j~åì~ä= e~åÇäáåÖ= ^ëëÉëëãÉåí= qççä= Ej^`FI= epb= ^êí= qççä= E~ëëÉëëãÉåí= íççä= Ñçê= êÉéÉíáíáîÉ= í~ëâë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ìééÉê= äáãÄëFI= kflpe= j~åì~ä= j~íÉêá~ä= e~åÇäáåÖ=EjjeF=`ÜÉÅâäáëí=I=o~éáÇ=rééÉê=iáãÄ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=Eori^FI=nìáÅâ=bñéçëìêÉ=`ÜÉÅâäáëí== Enb`F=



mê~ÅíáÅ~ä= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= íç= ~îçáÇ= çê= ãáåáãáëÉ= íÜÉ= êáëâ= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= êÉéÉíáíáîÉ= éÜóëáÅ~ä= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëI=ã~åì~ä=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=~åÇ=éççê=éçëíìêÉ=áåÅäìÇáåÖW=Éäáãáå~íáçåI=~ìíçã~íáçåI=~äíÉêå~íáîÉ= ïçêâ= ãÉíÜçÇëLàçÄ= ÇÉëáÖåI= ÉêÖçåçãáÅ= ÇÉëáÖå= çÑ= íççäëLÉèìáéãÉåíLïçêâëí~íáçåë= ~åÇ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉëI=àçÄ=êçí~íáçåI=ïçêâ=êçìíáåÉI=ÉóÉ=~åÇ=ÉóÉëáÖÜí=íÉëíáåÖI=íê~áåáåÖ=~åÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçåI= ÉÑÑáÅáÉåí=ãçîÉãÉåí=éêáåÅáéäÉëI=éÉêëçå~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåëK= =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

RV

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= rh=oçó~ä=`çääÉÖÉ=çÑ=dÉåÉê~ä=mê~ÅíáíáçåÉêëI=kep=bñÉÅìíáîÉ=EOMMOF=qÜÉ=_~Åâ=_ççâ=EpÉÅçåÇ= ÉÇáíáçåFK=qÜÉ=pí~íáçåÉêó=lÑÑáÅÉ== jÅâÉçïåI=`K=C=qïáëëI=jK=EOMMQF=tçêâéä~ÅÉ=ÉêÖçåçãáÅëW=~=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ÖìáÇÉ=EpÉÅçåÇ=ÉÇáíáçåF= táÖëíçåW=fåëíáíìíáçå=çÑ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=pÉêîáÅÉë=iíÇK= rh=epb=j^`=íççäW=ÜííéWLLïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLãëÇLã~ÅL= ^ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=oÉéÉíáíáîÉ=q~ëâë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ìééÉê=äáãÄë=EíÜÉ=^oq=íççäFK==dìáÇ~åÅÉ=Ñçê=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉêëI=Åçåëìäí~åíëI=ÉêÖçåçãáëíë=~åÇ=ä~êÖÉ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåëK==rh=epb=fkad=QPUW= ÜííéWLLïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLéìÄåëLáåÇÖQPUKéÇÑ=~åÇ= ÜííéWLLïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLãëÇLìäÇL~êíLáåÇÉñKÜíã= kflpe=j~åì~ä=j~íÉêá~ä=e~åÇäáåÖ=EjjeF=`ÜÉÅâäáëíW=ÜííéWLLïïïKÇáêKÅ~KÖçîLÇçëÜLÉíççäëLMUJ MMQLíççäOKéÇÑ= o~éáÇ=rééÉê=iáãÄ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=Eori^FW=ÜííéWLLïïïKêìä~KÅçKìâ=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=Q=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

SM

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f_NMW=tçêâ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=êáëâë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f_NMKN= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= ÑçêI= ~åÇ= Ñ~Åíçêë= áåîçäîÉÇ= áåI= íÜÉ= éêçîáëáçå= ~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= = íÜÉêã~ä=ÅçãÑçêí=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí= f_NMKO= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ~ÇÉèì~íÉ= ~åÇ= ~ééêçéêá~íÉ= äáÖÜíáåÖ= áå= íÜÉ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉI= ìåáíë= çÑ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=çÑ=äáÖÜí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=äáÖÜíáåÖ=äÉîÉäë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= f_NMKP= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ïÉäÑ~êÉ= Ñ~ÅáäáíáÉë= ~åÇ= ~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë= áå= ÑáñÉÇ= ~åÇ= íÉãéçê~êó= ïçêâéä~ÅÉë= f_NMKQ==bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçå=Ñçê=Ñáêëí=~áÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉK==

`çåíÉåí= f_NMKN= qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=ÑçêI=~åÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=áåîçäîÉÇ=áåI=íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçå=~åÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉêã~ä= ÅçãÑçêí=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí= 

qÜÉ= ãÉ~åáåÖ= çÑ= íÜÉêã~ä= ÅçãÑçêí= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= íç= éêçîáÇÉ= ~= êÉ~ëçå~ÄäÉ= ïçêâáåÖ= íÉãéÉê~íìêÉI=~ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=éçëëáÄäÉ=



qÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ïçêâáåÖ=áå=ÜáÖÜ=~åÇ=äçï=íÉãéÉê~íìêÉë=~åÇ=ÜìãáÇáíó=



qóéáÅ~ä=ïçêâ=ëáíì~íáçåë=äáâÉäó=íç=äÉ~Ç=íç=íÜÉêã~ä=ÇáëÅçãÑçêí=



qÜÉ= ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~ä= é~ê~ãÉíÉêë= ~ÑÑÉÅíáåÖ= íÜÉêã~ä= ÅçãÑçêí= E~áê= íÉãéÉê~íìêÉI= ê~Çá~åí= íÉãéÉê~íìêÉI= êÉä~íáîÉ= ÜìãáÇáíóI= ~áê= îÉäçÅáíóF= ~åÇ=Üçï= íç= ãÉ~ëìêÉ= íÜÉã= EíÜÉêãçãÉíÉêëX= Çêó= ÄìäÄI=ïÉí=ÄìäÄI=ÖäçÄÉI=â~í~I=~åÉãçãÉíÉêëI=éëóÅÜêçãÉíÉêëI=áåíÉÖê~íÉÇ=ÉäÉÅíêçåáÅ=áåëíêìãÉåíë= áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ÜÉ~í=ëíêÉëë=ãçåáíçêëF=



líÜÉê=é~ê~ãÉíÉêë=~ÑÑÉÅíáåÖ=íÜÉêã~ä=ÅçãÑçêíW=ãÉí~ÄçäáÅ=ê~íÉI=ÅäçíÜáåÖI=ëïÉ~í=ê~íÉI=Çìê~íáçå= çÑ=ÉñéçëìêÉ=



eÉ~í=Ä~ä~åÅÉ=Éèì~íáçå=jZ=h±`±o±b=



jÉ~ëìêáåÖ= íÜÉêã~ä= ÅçãÑçêí= ìëáåÖ= éêÉÇáÅíÉÇ= ãÉ~å= îçíÉ= EmjsF= ~åÇ= éÉêÅÉåí~ÖÉ= éÉçéäÉ= Çáëë~íáëÑáÉÇ=EmmaF=áåÇÉñ=~åÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=fpl=TTPM=~åÇ=fpl=NMRRN=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=



qÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=ÜÉ~í=ëíêÉëëI=êçäÉ=çÑ=ÜÉ~í=áåÇáÅÉëI=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÉãéáêáÅ~äI=ÇáêÉÅí=~åÇ= ê~íáçå~ä=áåÇáÅÉëW=EÉÖ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=íÉãéÉê~íìêÉ=EbqFI=ÅçêêÉÅíÉÇ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=íÉãéÉê~íìêÉ=E`bqFI=ÜÉ~í= ëíêÉëë=áåÇÉñ=EepfFI=éêÉÇáÅíÉÇ=QJÜçìê=ëïÉ~í=ê~íÉ=EmQpoFI=ïáåÇ=ÅÜáää=áåÇÉñ=Et`fFF=



rëÉ= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜÉ~í= ëíêÉëë= áåÇÉñ= t_dq= E= ~ë= éÉê= bk= OTOQPFI= Éèì~íáçå= ìëÉÇ= íç= Å~äÅìä~íÉ= ìåáíëI= ãÉí~ÄçäáÅ= ê~íÉ= Åä~ëëI= Åçãé~êáëçå= íç= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= î~äìÉëI= ÅçåÅäìëáçåë= çå= ÜÉ~í= ëíêÉëë= êáëâI= ~ÅÅäáã~íáë~íáçå=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

SN

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 

mê~ÅíáÅ~ä= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= íç= ãáåáãáëÉ= íÜÉ= êáëâë= ïÜÉå= ïçêâáåÖ= áå= ÉñíêÉãÉ= íÜÉêã~ä= ÉåîáêçåãÉåíW=== -

Åçåíêçä=ÜÉ~í=ëçìêÅÉ= Åçåíêçä=çíÜÉê=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~ä=é~ê~ãÉíÉêë= ëÉé~ê~íáçå= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=ÇÉëáÖå= àçÄ=ÇÉëáÖå== ÅäçíÜáåÖLmmb= ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ= íê~áåáåÖK=

f_NMKO= ^ÇÉèì~íÉ=~åÇ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äáÖÜíáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉI=ìåáíë=çÑ=ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí=çÑ= äáÖÜí=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=äáÖÜíáåÖ=äÉîÉäë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= 

qÜÉ=åÉÅÉëëáíó=Ñçê=äáÖÜíáåÖ=áå=ïçêâéä~ÅÉë=



^ÇÉèì~íÉ=~åÇ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=äáÖÜíáåÖ=~åÇ=äÉîÉäë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ïçêâX=å~íìê~ä=~åÇ=~êíáÑáÅá~ä=äáÖÜíáåÖ=



qÜÉ= áãé~Åí= çÑ= äáÖÜíáåÖ= äÉîÉäë= çå= ë~ÑÉíó= áëëìÉë= Ó= áåÅçêêÉÅí= éÉêÅÉéíáçåI= Ñ~áäìêÉ= íç= ëÉÉ= ÅäÉ~êäóI= ëíêçÄçëÅçéáÅ=ÉÑÑÉÅíëI=Åçäçìê=~ëëÉëëãÉåíI=ÉÑÑÉÅí=çå=~ííáíìÇÉë=



bÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= ÄêáÖÜíåÉëë= Åçåíê~ëí= Ó= Çáë~ÄäáåÖ= ~åÇ= ÇáëÅçãÑçêí= Öä~êÉI= íáëëìÉ= Ç~ã~ÖÉ= Ñêçã= äáÖÜí= ÉñéçëìêÉI=îáëì~ä=Ñ~íáÖìÉ=



fåëíêìãÉåí~íáçåI= ìåáíë= ~åÇ= ãÉ~ëìêÉãÉåí= çÑ= äáÖÜíI= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= çÑ= äáÖÜíáåÖ= äÉîÉäë= ~åÇ= ëí~åÇ~êÇëX=ÇáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ãáåáãìã=äáÖÜíáåÖ=äÉîÉäë=êÉèìáêÉÇ=Ñçê=ë~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=ÜáÖÜÉê=äÉîÉäë= çÑíÉå=áãéäÉãÉåíÉÇ=í~âáåÖ=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=ÉKÖK=~ãÉåáíóI=éêçÇìÅíáîáíóI=ÅçëíJÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉåÉëëK=

f_NMKP= tÉäÑ~êÉ=Ñ~ÅáäáíáÉë=~åÇ=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=áå=ÑáñÉÇ=~åÇ=íÉãéçê~êó=ïçêâéä~ÅÉë= 

mêçîáëáçå=çÑ=íçáäÉíI=ï~ëÜáåÖ=~åÇ=ÅÜ~åÖáåÖ=Ñ~ÅáäáíáÉë=



píçê~ÖÉ=çÑ=ÅäçíÜáåÖ=



c~ÅáäáíáÉë=Ñçê=É~íáåÖI=êÉëí=êççãë=



c~ÅáäáíáÉë= Ñçê= éêÉÖå~åí= ïçãÉå= ~åÇ= åìêëáåÖ= ãçíÜÉêëI= íçÖÉíÜÉê= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=



mêçîáëáçå=çÑ=Ñ~ÅáäáíáÉë=Ñçê=ëãçâÉêë=



qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=íç=í~âÉ=~ÅÅçìåí=çÑ=éÉçéäÉ=ïáíÜ=Çáë~ÄáäáíáÉëK=

f_NMKQ= mêçîáëáçå=Ñçê=Ñáêëí=~áÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= 

qÜÉ= Ä~ëáë= çÑ= éêçîáëáçå= EÉÖI= åìãÄÉêë= çÑ= ïçêâÉêëI= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= êáëâëI= éêçñáãáíó= çÑ= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= ëÉêîáÅÉëFK=



qóéáÅ~ä=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=ÉÖI=éÉçéäÉI=ÉèìáéãÉåí=~åÇ=íê~áåáåÖK=

=

= = =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

SO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=tÉäÑ~êÉ=c~ÅáäáíáÉë=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåI=oNMO=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVRS= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=^ãÄáÉåí=c~Åíçêë=áå=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI=filI= dÉåÉî~I=OMMNK=fp_k=VOONNNSOUu==`Ü~éíÉê=UW=qÜÉêã~ä= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=pÉêîáÅÉë=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NSNI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVURlÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=pÉêîáÅÉë=~í=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉI=aê=s= cçê~ëíáÉêáI=fil=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=R=Üçìêë

=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

SP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

= bäÉãÉåí=f_NNW=j~å~ÖáåÖ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f_NNKN= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ= f_NNKO= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= ~åÇ= ÄÉåÉÑáíë= çÑ= îçÅ~íáçå~ä= êÉÜ~Äáäáí~íáçå= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= êçäÉ= çÑ= = çìíëáÇÉ=ëìééçêí=~ÖÉåÅáÉë= f_NNKP= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= çÑ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÜÉ~äíÜ= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ~åÇ= äÉÖ~ä= = ~ëéÉÅíëFK=

`çåíÉåí= _NNKN= k~íìêÉ=çÑ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ== 

`~íÉÖçêáÉë= çÑ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÜÉ~äíÜ= Ü~ò~êÇ= Ó= ÅÜÉãáÅ~äI= éÜóëáÅ~äI= ÄáçäçÖáÅ~äI= éëóÅÜçJëçÅá~äI= ÉêÖçåçãáÅ=



fåíÉêå~ä=~åÇ=ÉñíÉêå~ä=ëçìêÅÉë=çÑ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=çå=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=



qÜÉ=äáåâë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ÖÉåÉê~äLéìÄäáÅ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=EáåÅäìÇáåÖ=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=íç= ÇÉ~ä=ïáíÜ=ÉéáÇÉãáÅëFK===

_NNKO= mêáåÅáéäÉë=~åÇ=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=çÑ=îçÅ~íáçå~ä=êÉÜ~Äáäáí~íáçå=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=êçäÉ==çÑ=çìíëáÇÉ= ëìééçêí=~ÖÉåÅáÉë= 

jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=îçÅ~íáçå~ä=êÉÜ~Äáäáí~íáçå=



_ÉåÉÑáíë=çÑ=îçÅ~íáçå~ä=êÉÜ~Äáäáí~íáçå=ïáíÜáå=íÜÉ=ÅçåíÉñí=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïçêâÉê=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÉãéäçóÉê=



qÜÉ= Ä~ëáÅ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÄáçJéëóÅÜçëçÅá~ä= ãçÇÉä= ~åÇ= Üçï= áí= êÉä~íÉë= íç= íÜÉ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= çÑ= áåÇáîáÇì~äëK=

_NNKP= j~å~ÖáåÖ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ= 

qÜÉ=ÅçåÅÉéí=çÑ=ãçåáíçêáåÖ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=



qÜÉ= ãÉ~åáåÖ= çÑ= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÜÉ~äíÜ= EïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ÇÉÑáåáíáçå= ìëÉÇ= Äó= íÜÉ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåF=



qÜÉ=êçäÉI=ÑìåÅíáçå=~åÇ=ÄÉåÉÑáíë=çÑ=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëÉêîáÅÉë=



qÜÉ= ã~âÉJìé= ~åÇ= ÑìåÅíáçåë= çÑ= ~= íóéáÅ~ä= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ëÉêîáÅÉW= çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= ÜÉ~äíÜ= éÜóëáÅá~åI=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=åìêëÉI=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=íÉÅÜåáÅá~å= = =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

SQ

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 

qóéáÅ~ä=ëÉêîáÅÉë=çÑÑÉêÉÇ=Äó=~å=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëÉêîáÅÉW== -

ÜÉ~äíÜ= éêçãçíáçåI= ÉÖI= ~ÇîáÅÉ= çå= ïçêâ= êÉä~íÉÇ= ÜÉ~äíÜI= äáÑÉëíóäÉ= EÇáÉíI= ÉñÉêÅáëÉI= ëãçâáåÖ= ÉíÅF= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåíI= ÉÖI= ÑáíåÉëë= Ñçê= ïçêâI= éêÉJéä~ÅÉãÉåíLÉãéäçóãÉåíI= êÉíìêå= íç= ïçêâI= àçÄJêÉä~íÉÇ=ãÉÇáÅ~ä=ëÅêÉÉåáåÖI=éêÉÖå~åí=ïçêâÉêë= ~ÇîáÅÉ= íç= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåíI= ÉÖI= áåéìí= íç= êáëâ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåíëI= åçJëãçâáåÖ= éçäáÅóI= ~ÄëÉåÅÉ= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ÉíÅ= íêÉ~íãÉåí=ëÉêîáÅÉëI=ÉÖI=Ñáêëí=~áÇI=ÅçìåëÉääáåÖI=éÜóëáçíÜÉê~éóI=çíÜÉê=êÉÜ~Äáäáí~íáçå=ëÉêîáÅÉë= ãÉÇáÅ~ä=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ=



lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=ïáíÜáå=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=



aáëíáåÅíáçå=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=ëìêîÉáää~åÅÉ=



iá~áëçå= ïáíÜ= çíÜÉê= ÇáëÅáéäáåÉë= áå= íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí= ~åÇ= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= çÑ= ÑáíåÉëë= Ñçê= ïçêâ= ïáíÜ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íçX= ÉñáëíáåÖ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= éêçÄäÉãëI= ÇáëÅêáãáå~íáçåI= áåÑäìÉåÅÉ= çÑ= ÇêìÖë= ~åÇ= ~äÅçÜçäI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=íÉëíáåÖ=çå=íÜÉ=ÖêçìåÇë=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=Eçê=Çáë~ÄáäáíóF=



qÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= íç= âÉÉé= ÜÉ~äíÜ= êÉÅçêÇë= ~åÇ= ãÉÇáÅ~ä= êÉÅçêÇë= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= áëëìÉë= çÑ= ÅçåÑáÇÉåíá~äáíóI= ëÜ~êáåÖ=çÑ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=áåÇáîáÇì~ä=~åÇ=çíÜÉêë==



qÜÉ=ÅçääÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ëáÅâåÉëë=~ÄëÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=áääJÜÉ~äíÜ=Ç~í~=íç=ÇÉîÉäçé=çÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=éçäáÅó= ~åÇ=í~êÖÉíëLëíê~íÉÖóK=

= = = qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= = fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê= `çåÑÉêÉåÅÉI= mêçîáëáçå~ä= oÉÅçêÇ= OM^I= `çåîÉåíáçå= `çåÅÉêåáåÖ= íÜÉ= = mêçãçíáçå~ä= cê~ãÉïçêâ= Ñçê= lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä= p~ÑÉíó= ~åÇ= eÉ~äíÜI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= i~Äçìê= = lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=OMMS==^êíáÅäÉ=QW=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ëóëíÉã== = fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=pÉêîáÅÉë=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NSNI= = fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUR= = lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=pÉêîáÅÉë=~í=íÜÉ=tçêâéä~ÅÉI=aê=s=cçê~ëíáÉêáI=fil= = = `Ü~êíÉêÉÇ=fåëíáíìíÉ=çÑ=mÉêëçååÉä=~åÇ=aÉîÉäçéãÉåíW=^ÄëÉåÅÉ=dìáÇ~åÅÉW= ÜííéWLLïïïKÅáéÇKÅçKìâLÜêJêÉëçìêÅÉëL~JòLÇÉÑ~ìäíK~ëéñ= = = `Ü~êíÉêÉÇ=fåëíáíìíÉ=çÑ=mÉêëçååÉä=~åÇ=aÉîÉäçéãÉåíW=^ÄëÉåÅÉ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=qççäë=NJQW= = ÜííéWLLïïïKÅáéÇKÅçKìâLÜêJêÉëçìêÅÉëL~JòLÇÉÑ~ìäíK~ëéñ= = fåëíáíìíáçå=çÑ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜW==^=eÉ~äíÜó=oÉíìêå=J=^=dççÇ=mê~ÅíáÅÉ=dìáÇÉ= = íç=oÉÜ~Äáäáí~íáåÖ=mÉçéäÉ=~í=tçêâ== = qÜÉ=dìáÇÉë=kÉïëäÉííÉêK==`ÜáÅ~ÖçI=^ãÉêáÅ~å=jÉÇáÅ~ä=^ëëçÅá~íáçåI=OMMUX=j~óLgìåÉW=NJNP= = = = oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=U=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

SR

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

QKP= råáí=f`W= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí = == = ë~ÑÉíó= =

lîÉê~ää=äÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉ= = lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ìåáíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=íÜÉáê=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= Ççã~áå=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=ÅçîÉêÉÇ=íÜêçìÖÜW= = NK= qÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=íç=Ñ~ãáäá~ê=~åÇ=ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê=ëáíì~íáçåëX=~åÇ= = OK= qÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ=ÑçêãëK= = få=~ÇÇáíáçå=É~ÅÜ=ÉäÉãÉåí=Ü~ë=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=äÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉëK=

= bäÉãÉåí=f`NW= dÉåÉê~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=áëëìÉë= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`NKN= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=ÑçêI=~åÇ=Ñ~Åíçêë=áåîçäîÉÇ=áåI=íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçå=~åÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=~=ë~ÑÉ= ïçêâáåÖ= ÉåîáêçåãÉåíI= ïáíÜ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= ~ÅÅÉëë= ~åÇ= ÉÖêÉëëI= éÉÇÉëíêá~åëI= ~åÇ= ëäáéëI=íêáéë=~åÇ=Ñ~ääë= f`NKO== bñéä~áå=Üçï=ë~ÑÉíó=ëáÖåë=~êÉ=ìëÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= f`NKP= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= çÑ= êáëâ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉ= ïçêâáåÖ= éê~ÅíáÅÉë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ïçêâ= áå= ÅçåÑáåÉÇ=ëé~ÅÉë= f`NKQ= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~áå=áëëìÉë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ã~áåí~áåáåÖ=ëíêìÅíìê~ä=ë~ÑÉíó=çÑ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉë= f`NKR= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇëI=êáëâëI=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë=ïÜÉå=ïçêâáåÖ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜíë= f`NKS= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇëI=êáëâë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë=Ñçê=äçåÉ=ïçêâáåÖK=

`çåíÉåí= f`NKN= p~ÑÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí== 

mê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë= áå= íÜÉ= éêçîáëáçå= ~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ë~ÑÉ= éä~ÅÉë= çÑ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉ= ãÉ~åë=çÑ=~ÅÅÉëë=~åÇ=ÉÖêÉëë=



qÜÉ=ÇÉëáÖå=çÑ=ëìêÑ~ÅÉë=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=ëäáééáåÖ==

= = «=kb_lpe=OMNN=

SS

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = 

tÉí=`çÉÑÑáÅáÉåí=çÑ=cêáÅíáçå=E`çcFI=ëäáé=êÉëáëí~åí=íÉëíáåÖ=çÑ=ÑççíïÉ~ê=~åÇ=ëìêÑ~ÅÉëW= -

ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=`çc=ÄÉíïÉÉå=çåÉ=ëìêÑ~ÅÉ=~åÇ=~åçíÜÉê===

-

ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=Åçåí~ãáå~íáçå=çå=ëìêÑ~ÅÉë=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=`çc=

-

ãÉíÜçÇë=Ñçê=ÅäÉ~åáåÖ=Ñäççêë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ÑççíïÉ~ê=íç=ïÉ~ê=ïÜáäëí=ÅäÉ~åáåÖ=

-

áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÖççÇ=ÜçìëÉâÉÉéáåÖK=

f`NKO= p~ÑÉíó=ëáÖåë== 

`çããçå=ë~ÑÉíó=ëáÖåë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=Å~íÉÖçêáë~íáçå=



rëÉI=äçÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=Åçãéäá~åÅÉ=áëëìÉëK=

f`NKP= `çåÑáåÉÇ=ëé~ÅÉë== 

`çåÇáíáçåë=íÜ~í=ÅçåëíáíìíÉ=~=ÅçåÑáåÉÇ=ëé~ÅÉ==



bñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ïÜÉêÉ=ÅçåÑáåÉÇ=ëé~ÅÉ=Éåíêó=ã~ó=çÅÅìê=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉW==ÉÖ==éáíë=áå=Ö~ê~ÖÉëI= îÉÜáÅäÉ=éêçÇìÅíáçå=íê~ÅâëI=íêìåâáåÖ=ÇìÅíëI=ï~íÉêÅçìêëÉë=



c~Åíçêë= íç= ÄÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= ïÜÉå= ~ëëÉëëáåÖ= êáëâW= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ë~ÑÉ= ~ÅÅÉëëX= éêçîáëáçå= ~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ë~ÑÉ= ~íãçëéÜÉêÉëX= íÜÉ= í~ëâI= ã~íÉêá~äë= ~åÇ= ÉèìáéãÉåíX= éÉêëçåë= ~í= êáëâX= êÉäá~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ë~ÑÉÖì~êÇë=



c~Åíçêë= íç= ÄÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= áå= ÇÉëáÖåáåÖ= ë~ÑÉ= ïçêâáåÖ= éê~ÅíáÅÉëW= = çéÉê~íáåÖ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ~åÇ= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíëX=~åÇ=íê~áåáåÖ=Ñçê=ïçêâ=áå=ÅçåÑáåÉÇ=ëé~ÅÉë=



cä~ãã~ÄäÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉëX=Üçï=íÜÉó=~êáëÉ=~åÇ=ïÜÉêÉ=íÜÉó=~êÉ=ÑçìåÇK==`çåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ñçê= ÉåíÉêáåÖ=Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉëI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=éìêÖáåÖ=íç=âÉÉé=Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉë=ÄÉäçï= içïÉê=bñéäçëáçå=iáãáíë=EibiFK=

f`NKQ= =píêìÅíìê~ä=ë~ÑÉíó=çÑ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉë== 

`~ìëÉë=çÑ=Ç~ã~ÖÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ëíêìÅíìêÉ=çÑ=ÄìáäÇáåÖëW==~ÇîÉêëÉ=ïÉ~íÜÉê=ÅçåÇáíáçåëX=çîÉêäç~ÇáåÖ=çÑ= ëíêìÅíìêÉëX= Üçí= ~åÇ= ÅçêêçëáîÉ= ~íãçëéÜÉêÉëX= îáÄê~íáçåX= ~äíÉê~íáçå= íç= ëíêìÅíìê~ä= ãÉãÄÉêëX= ëìÄëáÇÉåÅÉX=ÇÉíÉêáçê~íáçå=çÑ=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ã~íÉêá~äëX=ÉñÅ~î~íáçåëX=~åÇ=ìå~ìíÜçêáëÉÇ=ãçÇáÑáÅ~íáçåë= íç=ÄìáäÇáåÖë=



c~áäìêÉ= ãçÇÉëW= éçëëáÄäÉ= Å~ìëÉë= çÑ= ëíêìÅíìê~ä= Ñ~áäìêÉë= ëìÅÜ= ~ë= éççê= ÇÉëáÖåI= ëìÄëí~åÇ~êÇ= ÅçåëíêìÅíáçåI=ÅìííáåÖ=êççÑ=ÄÉ~ãëX=éìåÅíìêáåÖ=ÜçäÉë=íÜêçìÖÜ=ÑäççêëX=êÉãçî~ä=çÑ=áåíÉêå~ä=ï~ääë= ÉíÅ=Å~å=äÉ~Ç=íç=Åçää~éëÉK= =

f`NKR= =tçêâáåÖ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜí= 

qÜÉ= ã~áå= Ü~ò~êÇë= ~åÇ= êáëâëI= ~äíÉêå~íáîÉëI= éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉ= ïçêâáåÖ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= Ñçê= ïçêâáåÖ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜí=áå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉë=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=êÉëÅìÉ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=



eáÉê~êÅÜó=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉëW= -

~îçáÇ=ïçêâáåÖ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜí= ìëÉ=~å=ÉñáëíáåÖ=ë~ÑÉ=éä~ÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêâ= éêçîáÇÉ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=íç=éêÉîÉåí=Ñ~ääë=EáåÅäìÇáåÖ=jbtmpF= ãáíáÖ~íÉ=Çáëí~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=çÑ=~=Ñ~ää=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

ST

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= -

áåëíêìÅíáçå=~åÇ=íê~áåáåÖ=~åÇLçê=çíÜÉê=ãÉ~åëK=

= f`NKS= içåÉ=ïçêâáåÖ= 

qÜÉ=ã~áå=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=êáëâëI=~äíÉêå~íáîÉëI=éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ñçê=äçåÉ= ïçêâáåÖ=



m~êíáÅìä~ê= éêçÄäÉãë= Ñ~ÅáåÖ= äçåÉ= ïçêâÉêëW= ãÉÇáÅ~ä= ÅçåÇáíáçåëI= íê~áåáåÖI= ëìéÉêîáëáçåI= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= éêçÅÉÇìêÉëI= äáÑíáåÖ= çÄàÉÅíë= íÜ~í= ~êÉ= íçç= ÜÉ~îó= Ñçê= çåÉ= éÉêëçåI= ãçêÉ= íÜ~å= çåÉ= éÉêëçå=åÉÉÇÉÇ=íç=çéÉê~íÉ=ÉëëÉåíá~ä=Åçåíêçäë=çê=íê~åëéçêíK=

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= `çåÑáåÉÇ=pé~ÅÉë=oÉÖìä~íáçåë=NVVTK==^ééêçîÉÇ=ÅçÇÉ=çÑ=éê~ÅíáÅÉI=êÉÖìä~íáçåë=~åÇ=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉK==epb= _ççâë==iNMN==fp_k=VTUMTNTSSOPPP= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçå=båÅóÅäçé~ÉÇá~=çÑ=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíóI=ÅÜ~éíÉê=RU= Ó=ÚÅçåÑáåÉÇ=ëé~ÅÉëÛW= =ÜííéWLLïïïKáäçKçêÖLäÉÖ~ÅóLÉåÖäáëÜLéêçíÉÅíáçåLë~ÑÉïçêâLÉåÅóÅäçé~ÉÇá~LáåÇÉñKÜíã=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=T=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

SU

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`OW= mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÑáêÉ=~åÇ=Éñéäçëáçå= iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`OKN= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= éêçéÉêíáÉë= çÑ= Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉ= ~åÇ= ÉñéäçëáîÉ= ã~íÉêá~äë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= Äó= ïÜáÅÜ=íÜÉó=áÖåáíÉ= f`OKO= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=çÑ=ëíêìÅíìê~ä=ã~íÉêá~äëI=ÄìáäÇáåÖë=~åÇ=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ÅçåíÉåíë=áå=~=ÑáêÉ= f`OKP= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~áå=éêáåÅáéäÉë=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉë=çÑ=ÑáêÉ=~åÇ=Éñéäçëáçå=éêÉîÉåíáçå=~åÇ=éêçíÉÅíáçå= f`OKQ= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íóéáÅ~ä=ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä=~åÇ=ëóëíÉãë=Ñ~áäìêÉë=íç=ã~àçê==~ÅÅáÇÉåíëK=

`çåíÉåí= f`OKN= mêçéÉêíáÉë=çÑ=Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=ÉñéäçëáîÉ=ã~íÉêá~äë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=Äó=ïÜáÅÜ= íÜÉó=áÖåáíÉ== 

mêçéÉêíáÉë=çÑ=ëçäáÇëI=äáèìáÇë=~åÇ=Ö~ëÉë=



jÉ~åáåÖ= çÑW= Ñä~ëÜ= éçáåíI= ÑáêÉ= éçáåíI= ~ìíçJáÖåáíáçå= íÉãéÉê~íìêÉI= î~éçìê= ÇÉåëáíóI= êÉä~íáîÉ= ÇÉåëáíóI= äáãáíë= çÑ= Ñä~ãã~ÄáäáíóI= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= íÉãéÉê~íìêÉI= ã~ñáãìã= Éñéäçëáçå= éêÉëëìêÉI= ~åÇ= ê~íÉ= çÑ= éêÉëëìêÉ= êáëÉX= ïáíÜ= Éñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= íÜÉëÉ= éêçéÉêíáÉë= áå= êÉä~íáçå= íç= íÜÉ= áåáíá~íáçå=~åÇ=éêçé~Ö~íáçå=çÑ=ÑáêÉ=~åÇ=Éñéäçëáçå=



qÜÉ=ÑáêÉ=íêá~åÖäÉ=



fÖåáíáçå= ëçìêÅÉë= EÉÖ= å~âÉÇ= Ñä~ãÉI= Üçí= ëìêÑ~ÅÉëI= ~êÅáåÖI= ëé~êâáåÖI= ëãçâáåÖI= ÉäÉÅíêçëí~íáÅ= ÇáëÅÜ~êÖÉF=



jÉÅÜ~åáëãë=çÑ=ÉñéäçëáçåëI=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=çÑ=ÑáêÉJëéêÉ~Ç=áåÅäìÇáåÖW= -

Üçï=~å=ÉñéäçëáçåLÑáêÉ=çÅÅìêë= íÜÉ=ëí~ÖÉë=çÑ=ÅçãÄìëíáçåW=áåÇìÅíáçåI=áÖåáíáçåI=ÖêçïíÜI=ëíÉ~Çó=ëí~íÉ=~åÇ=ÇÉÅ~ó= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë= çÑ= ìåÅçåíêçääÉÇ= î~éçìê= ÅäçìÇ= ÉñéäçëáçåëI= ÅçåÑáåÉÇ= î~éçìê= ÅäçìÇ= Éñéäçëáçåë=~åÇ=ÄçáäáåÖ=äáèìáÇ=Éñé~åÇáåÖ=î~éçìê=Éñéäçëáçåë=



qÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=~íçãáë~íáçåLé~êíáÅäÉ=ëáòÉ=~åÇ=çñóÖÉå=ÅçåíÉåí=çå=íÜÉ=äáâÉäáÜççÇ=~åÇ=ëÉîÉêáíó=çÑ= ÑáêÉLÉñéäçëáçå=



eçï=Ñ~áäìêÉ=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=ÅçìéäÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=éÜóëáÅçJÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=éêçéÉêíáÉë=çÑ=Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉ= ã~íÉêá~äë=Å~å=ÄêáåÖ=~Äçìí=~å=Éñéäçëáçå=



lñáÇáë~íáçå=



`çåÑáåÉÇ= î~éçìê= ÅäçìÇ= ÉñéäçëáçåëI= ìåÅçåÑáåÉÇ= î~éçìê= ÅäçìÇ= ÉñéäçëáçåëI= ÄçáäáåÖ= äáèìáÇ= Éñé~åÇáåÖ=î~éçìê=ÉñéäçëáçåëK==bñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=~Åíì~ä=áåÅáÇÉåíëI=Å~ìëÉë=~åÇ=ÉÑÑÉÅíëW== -

ìåÅçåÑáåÉÇ=î~éçìê=ÅäçìÇ=Éñéäçëáçå=EÉÖI==_ìåÅÉÑáÉäÇI=OMMRX=cäáñÄçêçìÖÜI=NVTQF= ÄçáäáåÖ=äáèìáÇ=Éñé~åÇáåÖ=î~éçìê=Éñéäçëáçå=E_ibsbF=EÉÖI==jÉñáÅç=`áíóI=NVUQF= ÅçåÑáåÉÇ=î~éçìê=ÅäçìÇ=Éñéäçëáçå=EÉÖI==eáÅâëçå=~åÇ=tÉäÅÜI=NVVOF=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

SV

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 

`çåíêçä=çÑ=î~éçìê=éÜ~ëÉ=ÉñéäçëáçåëX=ëíêìÅíìê~ä=éêçíÉÅíáçåI=éä~åí=ÇÉëáÖå=~åÇ=éêçÅÉëë=ÅçåíêçäI= ëÉÖêÉÖ~íáçå=~åÇ=ëíçê~ÖÉ=çÑ=ã~íÉêá~äëI=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=~êÉ~=òçåáåÖI=áåÉêíáåÖI=Éñéäçëáçå=êÉäáÉÑ=



`çåíêçä=çÑ=~ãçìåí=çÑ=ã~íÉêá~äI=éêÉîÉåíáçå=çÑ=êÉäÉ~ëÉI=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=áÖåáíáçå=ëçìêÅÉëI=ëÉåëáåÖ=çÑ= î~éçìê=ÄÉíïÉÉå=içïÉê=bñéçëìêÉ=iáãáí=EibiF=~åÇ=rééÉê=bñéçëìêÉ=iáãáí=ErbiF==



aìëí=ÉñéäçëáçåëW= -



Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=áåÇìëíêáÉëLéä~åí=ïáíÜ=éçíÉåíá~ä=Çìëí=Éñéäçëáçå=Ü~ò~êÇë=EÉÖI=ÑççÇ=áåÇìëíêóI= ibsF= ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=çÑ=Çìëí=Éñéäçëáçåë=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÅçãÄìëíáÄäÉ=ëçäáÇ=é~êíáÅäÉ= ëáòÉI=ÇáëéÉêë~äI=ÉñéäçëáîÉ=ÅçåÅÉåíê~íáçåëI=áÖåáíáçåI=ÉåÉêÖóI=íÉãéÉê~íìêÉ=~åÇ=ÜìãáÇáíó== éêáã~êó=~åÇ=ëÉÅçåÇ~êó=Éñéäçëáçå=

bñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=~Åíì~ä=áåÅáÇÉåíëI=Å~ìëÉë=~åÇ=ÉÑÑÉÅíë=EÉKÖK=dÉåÉê~ä=cççÇëI=_~åÄìêóINVUNX=fãéÉêá~ä= pìÖ~êI=dÉçêÖá~=rp^I=OMMUF=~åÇ=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëëÉë=áåîçäîÉÇK==

f`OKO= _ÉÜ~îáçìê=çÑ=ëíêìÅíìê~ä=ã~íÉêá~äëI=ÄìáäÇáåÖë=~åÇ=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ÅçåíÉåíë=áå=~==

ÑáêÉ=



qÜÉ= ÄÉÜ~îáçìê= çÑ= ÄìáäÇáåÖ= ëíêìÅíìêÉë= ~åÇ= ã~íÉêá~äë= áå= ÑáêÉW= = ÑáêÉ= éêçéÉêíáÉë= çÑ= Åçããçå= ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ã~íÉêá~äë=~åÇ=ëíêìÅíìê~ä=ÉäÉãÉåíë=EÉÖI=ëíÉÉäI=ÅçåÅêÉíÉI=ïççÇFX=äÉîÉä=çÑ=ÑáêÉ=êÉëáëí~åÅÉ=



qÜÉ=ÄÉÜ~îáçìê=çÑ=Åçããçå=ÄìáäÇáåÖ=ÅçåíÉåíë=áå=ÑáêÉ=EÉÖI==é~éÉêJÄ~ëÉÇI=Ñ~ÄêáÅëI=éä~ëíáÅëF=



bñ~ãéäÉë= çÑ= ~Åíì~ä= áåÅáÇÉåíëW= = ÑìÉäë= áåîçäîÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= `Ü~ååÉä=qìååÉä= ÑáêÉI=OMMUX= _ìåÅÉÑáÉäÇI= OMMRX=táåÇëçê=qçïÉê=ÑáêÉ=Ej~ÇêáÇFI=OMMRX=pìããáí=qìååÉä=ÑáêÉI=NVUQI= qÜÉ=h~ÇÉê=qçó=c~Åíçêó= cáêÉ=NVVPK=

f`OKP= cáêÉ=~åÇ=Éñéäçëáçå=éêÉîÉåíáçå=~åÇ=éêçíÉÅíáçå= 

píêìÅíìê~ä=éêçíÉÅíáçå=EÉÖI=çéÉåáåÖë=~åÇ=îçáÇëI=Åçãé~êíãÉåí~íáçåF=



hÉó=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=çÑ=éä~åí=ÇÉëáÖå=~åÇ=éêçÅÉëë=Åçåíêçä=



pÉÖêÉÖ~íáçå=~åÇ=ëíçê~ÖÉ=çÑ=Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉI=ÅçãÄìëíáÄäÉ=~åÇ=áåÅçãé~íáÄäÉ=ã~íÉêá~äë=



e~ò~êÇçìë=~êÉ~=òçåáåÖI=ÉñÅäìëáçå=çÑ=áÖåáíáçå=ëçìêÅÉë=



fåÉêíáåÖ=



jÉíÜçÇë= çÑ= Éñéäçëáçå= êÉäáÉÑW= = îÉåíáåÖI= Éñéäçëáçå= é~åÉäëI= ÄìêëíáåÖ= ÇáëÅëI= ëìééêÉëëáçå= EÉÖI== áåÉêíáåÖFK=

f`OKQ== j~àçê=~ÅÅáÇÉåíë= qÜÉ=ÅçåíêáÄìíáçå=çÑ=íóéáÅ~ä=ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä=~åÇ=ëóëíÉãë=Ñ~áäìêÉë=íç=ã~àçê=~ÅÅáÇÉåíëI=ÉÖI==máéÉê=^äéÜ~I= pÉîÉëçI=`ÜÉêåçÄóäI=qÜêÉÉJjáäÉ=fëä~åÇI=_Üçé~äI=fãéÉêá~ä=pìÖ~ê=`çãé~åóI=mçêí=tÉåíïçêíÜI= dÉçêÖá~I=OMMU=ÉíÅK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TM

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äë=~í=tçêâI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI= filI=NVVPK=fp_kW=VOONMUMMSQ==pÉÅíáçå=SW=léÉê~íáçå~ä=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉëX==pÉÅíáçå=TW=aÉëáÖå=~åÇ= áåëí~ää~íáçå= fil=båÅóÅäçé~ÉÇá~=`Ü~éíÉê=PV=`~ëÉ=ëíìÇó=Eh~ÇÉê=qçó=c~Åíçêó=ÑáêÉF== `ÜÉãáÅ~ä=p~ÑÉíó=_ç~êÇ=^ãÉêáÅ~=fåîÉëíáÖ~íáçå=oÉéçêíëW=ÜííéWLLïïïKÅëÄKÖçîLáåîÉëíáÖ~íáçåë=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=S=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TN

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`PW= tçêâéä~ÅÉ=ÑáêÉ=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`PKN= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=éêçÅÉëëÉë=áåîçäîÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=áÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâ= Ñêçã=ÑáêÉ= f`PKO= aÉëÅêáÄÉ=Åçããçå=ÑáêÉ=ÇÉíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=~ä~êã=ëóëíÉãë=~åÇ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= f`PKP= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åíçêë= íç= ÄÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= ïÜÉå= ëÉäÉÅíáåÖ= ÑáñÉÇ= ~åÇ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= ÑáêÉJÑáÖÜíáåÖ= ÉèìáéãÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=î~êáçìë=íóéÉë=çÑ=ÑáêÉ= f`PKQ= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= Ñ~Åíçêë= íç= ÄÉ= ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= éêçîáëáçå= ~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ãÉ~åë= çÑ= ÉëÅ~éÉ= f`PKR= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= éìêéçëÉ= çÑI= ~åÇ= ÉëëÉåíá~ä= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= ÑçêI= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= Éî~Åì~íáçå= = éêçÅÉÇìêÉëK=

`çåíÉåí= f`PKN= fÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâ=Ñêçã=ÑáêÉ== 

cáêÉ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâ=



cáîÉ=ëíÉéë=íç=ÑáêÉ=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåíW== -

áÇÉåíáÑó=ÑáêÉ=Ü~ò~êÇëX=Üçï=ÅçìäÇ=~=ÑáêÉ=ëí~êíI=ïÜ~í=ÅçìäÇ=Äìêå=EÉÖI==Åçããçå=Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉ= ëçäáÇëI=äáèìáÇë=~åÇ=Ö~ëÉëF= áÇÉåíáÑó=éÉçéäÉ=~í=êáëâX=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=íÜçëÉ=ÉëéÉÅá~ääó=~í=êáëâ= Éî~äì~íÉI= êÉãçîÉI= êÉÇìÅÉ= EÉÖI= = Åçåíêçä= çÑ= áÖåáíáçåI= ÑìÉä= ~åÇ= çñóÖÉå= ëçìêÅÉëFI= ~åÇ= éêçíÉÅí=Ñêçã=êáëâ= êÉÅçêÇI=éä~åI=áåÑçêãI=áåëíêìÅí=~åÇ=íê~áå= êÉîáÉïK=

f`PKO= cáêÉ=ÇÉíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=~ä~êã=ëóëíÉãë=~åÇ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= 

`çããçå=ÑáêÉ=ÇÉíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=~ä~êã=ëóëíÉãë=~åÇ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉëW= -

Ñ~Åíçêë=áå=ÇÉëáÖå=~åÇ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ÑáêÉ=ÇÉíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=~ä~êã=ëóëíÉãë= éêáåÅáé~ä=ÅçãéçåÉåíë=çÑ=~ä~êã=ëóëíÉãëX=ÇÉíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=ëáÖå~ääáåÖ= ã~åì~ä=~åÇ=~ìíçã~íáÅ=ëóëíÉãëK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f`PKP= cáñÉÇ=~åÇ=éçêí~ÄäÉ=ÑáêÉJÑáÖÜíáåÖ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= 

c~Åíçêë=áå=ÇÉëáÖå=~åÇ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ÑáñÉÇ=ÑáêÉJÑáÖÜíáåÖ=ëóëíÉãë=~åÇ=ÉèìáéãÉåíW= -

Åä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ÑáêÉë= éçêí~ÄäÉ=ÑáêÉ=ÑáÖÜíáåÖ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= ÉñíáåÖìáëÜáåÖ=ãÉÇá~=~åÇ=ãçÇÉ=çÑ=~Åíáçå= ëáíáåÖI=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=~åÇ=íê~áåáåÖ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= ÉåîáêçåãÉåíI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ÑáêÉ=ï~íÉê=êìåçÑÑK=

f`PKQ= jÉ~åë=çÑ=ÉëÅ~éÉ= 

c~Åíçêë=íç=ÄÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=éêçîáëáçå=~åÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=~=ãÉ~åë=çÑ=ÉëÅ~éÉ=



dÉåÉê~ä= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= Ñçê= íê~îÉä= Çáëí~åÅÉëI= ëí~áêëI= é~ëë~ÖÉï~óë= ~åÇ= ÇççêëI= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= äáÖÜíáåÖI=Éñáí=~åÇ=ÇáêÉÅíáçå~ä=ëáÖåëK==

f`PKR= bãÉêÖÉåÅó=Éî~Åì~íáçå=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= 

mìêéçëÉë= çÑ= ~åÇ= ÉëëÉåíá~ä= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= ÑçêI= Éî~Åì~íáçå= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= ~åÇ= ÇêáääëI= ~ä~êã= Éî~Åì~íáçå=~åÇ=êçää=Å~ää=



mêçîáëáçå=çÑ=cáêÉ=j~êëÜ~ääë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=êçäÉ=



mÉêëçå~ä=bãÉêÖÉåÅó=bî~Åì~íáçå=mä~åë=EmbbmëFK=

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = «=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = =

qìíçê=oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë== rh=aÉé~êíãÉåí=Ñçê=`çããìåáíáÉë=~åÇ=içÅ~ä=dçîÉêåãÉåí=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ÑáêÉ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉI=ïÜáÅÜ=

= Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=~íW==ÜííéWLLïïïKÅçããìåáíáÉëKÖçîKìâ== = cáêÉ=p~ÑÉíó=dìáÇ~åÅÉ=ÄççâäÉí=Ú^êÉ=óçì=~ï~êÉ=çÑ=óçìê=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë\Û=J=pÅçííáëÜ=bñÉÅìíáîÉ= = Ep~ÑÉê=pÅçíä~åÇF=Ççïåäç~Ç~ÄäÉ=éìÄäáÅ~íáçå=J= =

ÜííéWLLïïïKÑáêÉä~ïëÅçíä~åÇKçêÖLÑáäÉëLpìãã~êó|dìáÇÉ|cìääKéÇÑ= pÅçííáëÜ=dçîÉêåãÉåíÛë=mçäáÅÉ=~åÇ=`çããìåáíó=p~ÑÉíó=aáêÉÅíçê~íÉ=ëÉÅíçê=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉI=

= ïÜáÅÜ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ=~í=ÜííéWLLïïïKáåÑçëÅçíä~åÇKÅçãLÑáêÉä~ï= = m^p=TVWOMMTI== cáêÉ=oáëâ=^ëëÉëëãÉåíK=dìáÇ~åÅÉ=~åÇ=~=oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=jÉíÜçÇçäçÖóI=_êáíáëÜ= =

pí~åÇ~êÇë=fåëíáíìíÉ=E_pfF==

^qbu=dìáÇÉäáåÉëW=PêÇ=bÇáíáçåI=gìåÉ=OMMV=EìéÇ~íÉÇ=j~ó=OMNNF=

= ÜííéWLLÉÅKÉìêçé~KÉìLÉåíÉêéêáëÉLëÉÅíçêëLãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~äLÑáäÉëL~íÉñLÖìáÇÉL~íÉñÖìáÇÉäáåÉë|àìåÉOMMV|É = åKéÇÑ= = `cm^Jb=dìáÇÉäáåÉ=kç=NWOMMO=Ó=fåíÉêå~ä=ÑáêÉ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=Åçåíêçä=ÜííéWLLïïïKÅÑé~J ÉKçêÖLÑáäÉëLmacLdìáÇÉäáåÉëLo~íáÑáÉÇBOMdìáÇÉäáåÉëLdìáÇÉäáåÉ|kç|N|OMMOKéÇÑ=

= `cm^Jb=dìáÇÉäáåÉ=kç=OPWOMNM=c=Ó=pÉÅìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=çéÉê~íáçå~ä=êÉ~ÇáåÉëë=çÑ=ÑáêÉ=Åçåíêçä=ëóëíÉãë= = ÜííéWLLïïïKÅÑé~J =

ÉKçêÖLÑáäÉëLmacLdìáÇÉäáåÉëLo~íáÑáÉÇBOMdìáÇÉäáåÉëL`cm^|b|dìáÇÉäáåÉ|kç|OP|OMNM|cKéÇÑ= `cm^Jb=dìáÇÉäáåÉ=kç=NPWOMMS=Ó=cáêÉ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=ÇçÅìãÉåí~íáçå=ÜííéWLLïïïKÅÑé~J

= ÉKçêÖLÑáäÉëLmacLdìáÇÉäáåÉëLo~íáÑáÉÇBOMdìáÇÉäáåÉëLdìáÇÉäáåÉ|kç|NP|OMMSKéÇÑ= = `cm^Jb=dìáÇÉäáåÉ=kç=RWOMMP=Ó=dìáÇ~åÅÉ=ëáÖåëI=ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=äáÖÜíáåÖ=~åÇ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=äáÖÜíáåÖ= = ÜííéWLLïïïKÅÑé~JÉKçêÖLÑáäÉëLmacLdìáÇÉäáåÉëLo~íáÑáÉÇBOMdìáÇÉäáåÉëLdìáÇÉäáåÉ|kç|R|OMMPKéÇÑ= = f``=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=cáêÉ=`çÇÉ=Ó=fp_k=VTU=NSMV=UPMQ=SR= = kcm^=NW=cáêÉ=`çÇÉ=Ó=OMNO=bÇáíáçå= = = = oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=S=Üçìêë=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TQ

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`QW= píçê~ÖÉI= Ü~åÇäáåÖ= ~åÇ= Ç~åÖÉêçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= =

éêçÅÉëëáåÖ=

çÑ=

iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`QKN= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~áå=éÜóëáÅ~ä=~åÇ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=áåÇìëíêá~ä=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=éêçÅÉëëÉë= f`QKO= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= ã~áå= éêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= ë~ÑÉ= ëíçê~ÖÉI= Ü~åÇäáåÖ= ~åÇ= íê~åëéçêí= çÑ= Ç~åÖÉêçìë= ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= f`QKP= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~áå=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëáÖå=~åÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ëóëíÉãë=~åÇ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=áå= ~ÇîÉêëÉ=çê=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=ÉåîáêçåãÉåíë= f`QKQ= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= éä~ååáåÖ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= íóéáÅ~ä= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå~ä= ~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë= åÉÉÇÉÇ=Ñçê=ÉãÉêÖÉåÅáÉëK=

`çåíÉåí= f`QKN= fåÇìëíêá~ä=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=éêçÅÉëëÉë= 

bÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=íÉãéÉê~íìêÉI=éêÉëëìêÉ=~åÇ=Å~í~äóëíë=çå=ê~íÉë=çÑ=ÅÜÉãáÅ~ä=êÉ~Åíáçåë=



eÉ~í=çÑ=êÉ~Åíáçå=áå=íÉêãë=çÑ=ÉåÇçíÜÉêãáÅI=ÉñçíÜÉêãáÅ=~åÇ=êìå~ï~ó=êÉ~Åíáçåë=



bñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=ÉåÇçíÜÉêãáÅ=êÉ~Åíáçå=EÉÖI=éÜçíçëóåíÜÉëáëX=êÉ~ÅíáåÖ=ÉíÜ~åçáÅ=~ÅáÇ=ïáíÜ=ëçÇáìã= Å~êÄçå~íÉF= Éñ~ãéäÉ= çÑ= ÉñçíÜÉêãáÅ= êÉ~Åíáçå= EÉÖI= ÄìêåáåÖ= çÑ= éêçé~åÉ= áå= çñóÖÉåI= éçäóãÉêáë~íáçåFX=Éñ~ãéäÉ=çÑ=êìå~ï~ó=êÉ~Åíáçå=EÉÖI==_Üçé~äI=NVUQF=



jÉíÜçÇë=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ=íÉãéÉê~íìêÉ=~åÇ=éêÉëëìêÉK=

f`QKO= píçê~ÖÉI=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=~åÇ=íê~åëéçêí=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉêçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë== 

a~åÖÉêçìë= ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= ~åÇ= Ü~ò~êÇçìë= ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= ïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ= íç= íÜÉ= ÇÉÑáåáíáçåë= Åçåí~áåÉÇ= áå= ~ééêçéêá~íÉ= äÉÖáëä~íáçå= EÉÖI= däçÄ~ääó= e~êãçåáòÉÇ= póëíÉã= çÑ= `ä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå= ~åÇ= i~ÄÉääáåÖ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äëF=



e~ò~êÇë=éêÉëÉåíÉÇ=~åÇ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=êáëâ=



píçê~ÖÉ= ãÉíÜçÇë= ~åÇ= èì~åíáíáÉë= J= ÄìäâI= áåíÉêãÉÇá~íÉI= Çêìã= ëíçê~ÖÉI= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= äçÅ~íáçåëK= píçê~ÖÉ=çÑ=áåÅçãé~íáÄäÉ=ã~íÉêá~äë=~åÇ=íÜÉáê=ëÉÖêÉÖ~íáçå=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=~ÅÅÉëë=



iÉ~â~ÖÉ=~åÇ=ëéáää~ÖÉ=Åçåí~áåãÉåí=Ó=ÄìåÇáåÖI=ÑáääáåÖ=~åÇ=íê~åëÑÉê=~åÇ=éêçÄäÉãë=ÉåÅçìåíÉêÉÇ= ÇìêáåÖ=ÑáääáåÖ=~åÇ=íê~åëÑÉê=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=EqÉñ~ë=`áíó=oÉÑáåÉêóI=OMMRI=_ìåÅÉÑáÉäÇI=OMMRF=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TR

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = 

píçê~ÖÉ=~åÇ=Ü~åÇäáåÖ=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉêçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉëW= =



Ñäçï=íÜêçìÖÜ=éáéÉäáåÉë= éêáåÅáéäÉë=áå=ÑáääáåÖ=~åÇ=ÉãéíóáåÖ=Åçåí~áåÉêë= éêáåÅáéäÉë=áå=ÇáëéÉåëáåÖI=ëéê~óáåÖ=~åÇ=Çáëéçë~ä=çÑ=Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉ=äáèìáÇë= Ç~åÖÉêë=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíó=áå=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=~êÉ~ë=

qê~åëéçêí=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉêçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉëW== -

âÉó=ë~ÑÉíó=éêáåÅáéäÉë=áå=äç~ÇáåÖ=~åÇ=ìåäç~ÇáåÖ=çÑ=í~åâÉêë=~åÇ=í~åâ=Åçåí~áåÉêë= ä~ÄÉääáåÖ=çÑ=îÉÜáÅäÉë=~åÇ=é~Åâ~ÖáåÖ=çÑ=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= ÇêáîÉê=íê~áåáåÖK=

f`QKP= e~ò~êÇçìë=ÉåîáêçåãÉåíë= 

mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑW=êÉëáëí~åÅÉ=íç=ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä=Ç~ã~ÖÉI=éêçíÉÅíáçå=~Ö~áåëí=ëçäáÇ=ÄçÇáÉëI=çÄàÉÅíë=~åÇ= ÇìëíëI=éêçíÉÅíáçå=~Ö~áåëí=äáèìáÇë=~åÇ=Ö~ëÉë=



tÉí= ÉåîáêçåãÉåíë= Ó= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= Åçêêçëáçå= ~åÇ= ÇÉÖê~Ç~íáçå= çÑ= áåëí~ää~íáçå= ~åÇ= Ç~ã~ÖÉ= íç= ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ëóëíÉãë=



mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ëÉäÉÅíáçå=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ÉèìáéãÉåí=Ñçê=ìëÉ=áå=Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉ=~íãçëéÜÉêÉë=



`ä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇçìë=~êÉ~ëI=òçåáåÖ=



rëÉ=çÑ=éÉêãáíëJíçJïçêâ=



mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=éêÉëëìêáë~íáçå=~åÇ=éìêÖáåÖ=



fåíêáåëáÅ~ääó=ë~ÑÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåíI=Ñä~ãÉéêççÑ=ÉèìáéãÉåíI=íóéÉ=ÚkÛ=ÉèìáéãÉåíI=íóéÉ=ÚÉÛ=ÉèìáéãÉåíK=

= f`QKQ= bãÉêÖÉåÅó=éä~ååáåÖ= 

qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=éêÉé~êÉÇåÉëë=ïáíÜáå=~å=çêÖ~åáë~íáçåX=ÉÖI=éÉêëçå~ä=áåàìêóI=ÉñéäçëáîÉ= ÇÉîáÅÉI=ÑáêÉI=äçëë=çÑ=Åçåí~áåãÉåí=ÉíÅ=ïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=fil=`çåîÉåíáçå=`NTQ=mêÉîÉåíáçå=çÑ= j~àçê= fåÇìëíêá~ä= ^ÅÅáÇÉåíë= ENVVPF= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= fil= `çÇÉ= çå= íÜÉ= mêÉîÉåíáçå= çÑ= j~àçê= fåÇìëíêá~ä= ^ÅÅáÇÉåíë= ENVVNFK`çåëÉèìÉåÅÉ= ãáåáãáë~íáçå= îá~= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= éêçÅÉÇìêÉëX= ÉÖI= ÑáêëíJ ~áÇLãÉÇáÅ~äI=ÑáêÉ=Éî~Åì~íáçåI=ëéáää=Åçåí~áåãÉåí=



qÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ÇÉîÉäçéãÉåí= çÑ= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= éä~åë= áå= çêÇÉê= íç= êÉÇìÅÉ= íÜÉ= áãé~Åí= çå= íÜÉ= çêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=éçëíJáåÅáÇÉåí=êÉÅçîÉêó==



qÜÉ= êçäÉ= çÑ= ÉñíÉêå~ä= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= ëÉêîáÅÉë= ~åÇ= äçÅ~ä= ~ìíÜçêáíáÉë= áå= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= éä~ååáåÖ= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçä=



qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=íç=ÇÉîÉäçé=~åÇ=éêÉé~êÉ=~å=ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=éä~åI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=ÅçåíÉåí=çÑ=ÄçíÜ=çåJëáíÉ= ~åÇ=çÑÑJëáíÉ=éä~åë=Ñçê=ã~àçê=ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=ëÅÉå~êáçë=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ãÉÉí=êÉÖìä~íçêó=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=



qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=çåÖçáåÖ=ãçåáíçêáåÖ=~åÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=éä~åëK=

= = = =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TS

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= råáíÉÇ=k~íáçåëI=oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåë=çå=íÜÉ=qê~åëéçêí=çÑ=a~åÖÉêçìë=dççÇëW=jçÇÉä=oÉÖìä~íáçåëI= íÜ NQ =ÉÇáíáçåI=rk=mìÄäáÅ~íáçåëI=OMMRK=fp_kW=VONNPVNMST= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=rëÉ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äë=~í=tçêâI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI= filI=NVVPK=fp_kW=VOONMUMMSQ= däçÄ~ääó=e~êãçåáòÉÇ=póëíÉã=çÑ=`ä~ëëáÑáÅ~íáçå=~åÇ=i~ÄÉääáåÖ=çÑ=`ÜÉãáÅ~äëI==qÜáêÇ=êÉîáëÉÇ=ÉÇáíáçåI= OMMVK==^î~áä~ÄäÉ=ÑêçãW==ÜííéWLLïïïKìåÉÅÉKçêÖLíê~åëLÇ~åÖÉêLéìÄäáLÖÜëLÖÜë|êÉîMPLMPÑáäÉë|ÉKÜíãä= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=mêÉîÉåíáçå=çÑ=j~àçê=fåÇìëíêá~ä=^ÅÅáÇÉåíë=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NTQI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVP= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=mêÉîÉåíáçå=çÑ=j~àçê=fåÇìëíêá~ä=^ÅÅáÇÉåíëI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI= filI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVNK=fp_k=VOONMTNMNQ=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=T=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TT

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`RW= tçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=EÖÉåÉê~äF= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`RKN== lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíÉêáçå= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ëÉäÉÅíáçå= çÑ= ëìáí~ÄäÉ= ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= Ñçê= é~êíáÅìä~ê= í~ëâë= ~åÇ=éêçÅÉëëÉë=íç=Éäáãáå~íÉ=çê=êÉÇìÅÉ=êáëâë= f`RKO== bñéä~áå= Üçï= êáëâë= íç= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ~êáëáåÖ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= ~êÉ= ÅçåíêçääÉÇ== f`RKP== bñéä~áå= ë~ÑÉ= ïçêâáåÖ= éêçÅÉÇìêÉë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉI= áåëéÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ= íÉëíáåÖ= çÑ= =ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=~ÅÅçêÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=êáëâë=éçëÉÇ= f`RKQ== bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=êçäÉ=çÑ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉI=íê~áåáåÖI=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~åÇ=ëìéÉêîáëáçå=áå=íÜÉ=Åçåíêçä=çÑ= êáëâë=~êáëáåÖ=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=áåëí~ää~íáçåI=çéÉê~íáçåI=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=~åÇ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåíK=

`çåíÉåí= f`RKN== pÉäÉÅíáçå=çÑ=ëìáí~ÄäÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= 

pìáí~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=í~ëâI=éêçÅÉëë=~åÇ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=



pìáí~Äáäáíó=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÇÉëáÖåI=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=~åÇ=~Ç~éí~íáçå=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=



pìáí~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=Ñçê=áíë=áåíÉåÇÉÇ=äçÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ìëÉ=



qÜÉ= ãÉ~åë= Äó= ïÜáÅÜ= ~ää= Ñçêãë= çÑ= ÉåÉêÖó= ìëÉÇ= çê= éêçÇìÅÉÇ= ~åÇ= ~ää= ëìÄëí~åÅÉë= ìëÉÇ= çê= éêçÇìÅÉÇ=Å~å=ÄÉ=ëìééäáÉÇ=~åÇLçê=êÉãçîÉÇ=áå=~=ë~ÑÉ=ã~ååÉê=



bêÖçåçãáÅI=~åíÜêçéçãÉíêáÅ=~åÇ=Üìã~å=êÉäá~Äáäáíó=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë=áå=ìëÉ=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= áåÅäìÇáåÖW==íÜÉ=ä~óçìí=~åÇ=çéÉê~íáçå=çÑ=Åçåíêçäë=~åÇ=ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=ÅçåíêçäëX=~åÇ=êÉÇìÅáåÖ=íÜÉ= åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=~ÅÅÉëë=E~ìíçã~íáçåI=êÉãçíÉ=ëóëíÉãëF=



qÜÉ=áãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ëáòÉ=çÑ=çéÉåáåÖëX=ÜÉáÖÜí=çÑ=Ä~êêáÉêëX=~åÇ=Çáëí~åÅÉ=Ñêçã=Ç~åÖÉêK=

f`RKO= oáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=~åÇ=ìëÉ== 

qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=ÅçåÇìÅíáåÖ=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=



qÜÉ= êáëâë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= ~êáëáåÖ= Ñêçã= áíë= áåáíá~ä= áåíÉÖêáíóI= íÜÉ= äçÅ~íáçå=ïÜÉêÉ=áí=ïáää=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇI=~åÇ=íÜÉ=éìêéçëÉ=Ñçê=ïÜáÅÜ=áí=ïáää=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇ=



qÜÉ=êáëâë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=~êáëáåÖ=Ñêçã=áíëW=áåÅçêêÉÅí=áåëí~ää~íáçå=çê= êÉJáåëí~ää~íáçåX= ÇÉíÉêáçê~íáçåX= çêI= çÑ= ÉñÅÉéíáçå~ä= ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉë= ïÜáÅÜ= ÅçìäÇ= ~ÑÑÉÅí= íÜÉ= ë~ÑÉ= çéÉê~íáçå=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=



qÜÉ= êáëâ= Åçåíêçä= ÜáÉê~êÅÜó= êÉä~íáåÖ= íç= ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåíW= = Éäáãáå~íáåÖ= íÜÉ= êáëâëX= í~âáåÖ= DÜ~êÇï~êÉD= EéÜóëáÅ~äF= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= EëìÅÜ= ~ë= íÜÉ= éêçîáëáçå= çÑ= Öì~êÇëFX= í~âáåÖ= ~ééêçéêá~íÉ= DëçÑíï~êÉ= D= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= EëìÅÜ= ~ë= ÑçääçïáåÖ= ë~ÑÉ= ëóëíÉãë= çÑ= ïçêâ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= éêçîáëáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçåI=áåëíêìÅíáçå=~åÇ=íê~áåáåÖFK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TU

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f`RKP= j~áåíÉå~åÅÉI=áåëéÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=íÉëíáåÖ= 

qÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=



qÜÉ= íÜêÉÉ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ëíê~íÉÖáÉë= çÑW= = éä~ååÉÇ= éêÉîÉåíáîÉX= ÅçåÇáíáçå= Ä~ëÉÇX= ~åÇ=ÄêÉ~âÇçïå=



c~Åíçêë=íç=ÄÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=áå=ÇÉîÉäçéáåÖ=~=éä~ååÉÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=éêçÖê~ããÉ=Ñçê=ë~ÑÉíóJÅêáíáÅ~ä= ÅçãéçåÉåíë=



qÜÉ=åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåíI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ÜáêÉÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=



qÜÉ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íç=ÄÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=áå=ÇÉíÉêãáåáåÖ=áåëéÉÅíáçå=êÉÖáãÉë=Ü~îáåÖ=êÉÖ~êÇ=íç=íÜÉ=íóéÉ=çÑ= ÉèìáéãÉåíX=ïÜÉêÉ=áí=áë=ìëÉÇX=~åÇ=Üçï=áí=áë=ìëÉÇ=



qÜÉ= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ÑìåÅíáçå~ä= íÉëíáåÖ= çÑ= ë~ÑÉíóJêÉä~íÉÇ= é~êíëI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= áåíÉêäçÅâëI= éêçíÉÅíáçå= ÇÉîáÅÉëI=Åçåíêçäë=~åÇ=ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=ÅçåíêçäëK=

f`RKQ= `çãéÉíÉåÅÉI=íê~áåáåÖI=áåÑçêã~íáçå=~åÇ=ëìéÉêîáëáçå= 

qÜÉ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉ=ÄÉíïÉÉå=íê~áåáåÖ=~åÇ=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=



`áêÅìãëí~åÅÉë=ïÜÉå=íê~áåáåÖ=áë=äáâÉäó=íç=ÄÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=áåÅäìÇáåÖW==áåÇìÅíáçåX=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=ïçêâ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëX=áåíêçÇìÅíáçå=çÑ=åÉï=íÉÅÜåçäçÖó=çê=åÉï=ÉèìáéãÉåíX=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=áå=ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=ïçêâX= êÉÑêÉëÜÉê=íê~áåáåÖ=ÇìÉ=íç=ÇÉÅäáåáåÖ=ëâáääë=



dêçìéë=çÑ=éÉçéäÉ=Ü~îáåÖ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=íê~áåáåÖ=åÉÉÇë=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ëìéÉêîáëçêëI=óçìåÖ=~åÇ=îìäåÉê~ÄäÉ= éÉêëçåë=



qÜÉ=êÉä~íáçåëÜáé=ÄÉíïÉÉå=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=~åÇ=ëìéÉêîáëáçå=EÉñíÉêå~ä=~åÇ=ëÉäÑJëìéÉêîáëáçåF=



qÜÉ= ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉë= ïÜÉêÉ= íÜÉêÉ= ~êÉ= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= íê~áåáåÖ= åÉÉÇë= Ñçê= ÅÉêí~áå= Ü~ò~êÇçìë= íóéÉë= çÑ= ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= EáåÅäìÇáåÖ= ÅÜ~áåë~ïëI= ïççÇïçêâáåÖ= ã~ÅÜáåÉëI= éçïÉê= éêÉëëÉëI= ~Äê~ëáîÉ= ïÜÉÉäëI=ÉíÅFK=

= =

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=dì~êÇáåÖ=çÑ=j~ÅÜáåÉêó=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NNVI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVSP= k_=fil=aê~Ñí=ÅçÇÉ=çÑ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=çå=ë~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó==J=aê~Ñí=jÉÉíáåÖ=çÑ=bñéÉêíë=çå= íÜÉ=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉ=çå=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=j~ÅÜáåÉêó=EdÉåÉî~I=OV=kçîÉãÄÉêÓT=aÉÅÉãÄÉê= OMNNF==ÜííéWLLïïïKáäçKçêÖLïÅãëéRLÖêçìéëLéìÄäáÅLJJJÉÇ|éêçíÉÅíLJJJéêçíê~îLJJJ ë~ÑÉïçêâLÇçÅìãÉåíëLåçêã~íáîÉáåëíêìãÉåíLïÅãë|NSQSRPKéÇ= =

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=V=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

TV

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`SW= tçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=Eïçêâéä~ÅÉ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêóF== =

iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= = f`SKN== aÉëÅêáÄÉ=íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ë~ÑÉíó=áåíÉÖê~íáçå=~åÇ=íÜÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë=êÉèìáêÉÇ=áå=~=ÖÉåÉê~ä= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí= f`SKO== aÉëÅêáÄÉI= ïáíÜ= Éñ~ãéäÉëI= íÜÉ= éêáåÅáé~ä= ÖÉåÉêáÅ= ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä= ~åÇ= åçåJãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä= =Ü~ò~êÇë=çÑ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó= f`SKP== aÉëÅêáÄÉ=éêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ÇÉîáÅÉë=ÑçìåÇ=çå=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó= f`SKQ== bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=Åçåíêçä=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= ã~ÅÜáåÉêó= f`SKR== aÉëÅêáÄÉ= íÜÉ= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= Ñçê= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ~åÇ= ï~êåáåÖë= çå= ÖÉåÉê~ä= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= =ã~ÅÜáåÉêó= f`SKS== bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=âÉó=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=Åçåíêçä=ëóëíÉãë= f`SKT= bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= ~å~äóëáëI= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí= ~åÇ= áãéêçîÉãÉåí= çÑ= ëóëíÉã= Ñ~áäìêÉë= ~åÇ= ëóëíÉã= =êÉäá~Äáäáíó=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=Å~äÅìä~íáçåëK=

`çåíÉåí= f`SKN== p~ÑÉíó=áåíÉÖê~íáçå=~åÇ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí= 

oçäÉ=~åÇ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=ëí~åÇ~êÇë=êÉä~íáåÖ=íç=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=



`NNV= dì~êÇáåÖ= çÑ= j~ÅÜáåÉêó= `çåîÉåíáçå= ~åÇ= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= pí~åÇ~êÇë= = bk= fpl= NONMM= ~åÇ= fplLqo=NQNON=



qÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ë~ÑÉíó=áåíÉÖê~íáçåW= -

ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=ãìëí=ÄÉ=ÇÉëáÖåÉÇ=~åÇ=ÅçåëíêìÅíÉÇ=íç=ÄÉ=Ñáí=Ñçê=éìêéçëÉ=~åÇ=íç=Éäáãáå~íÉ=çê= êÉÇìÅÉ=êáëâë=íÜêçìÖÜçìí=íÜÉ=äáÑÉíáãÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=íÜÉ=éÜ~ëÉë=çÑ=íê~åëéçêíI= ~ëëÉãÄäóI=Çáëã~åíäáåÖI=Çáë~ÄäáåÖ=~åÇ=ëÅê~ééáåÖ=

-

íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=íç=ÄÉ=~ééäáÉÇ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=Éäáãáå~íÉ=çê=êÉÇìÅÉ=êáëâë=~ë=Ñ~ê=~ë=éçëëáÄäÉX=í~âÉ= åÉÅÉëë~êó= éêçíÉÅíáîÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= ïÜÉêÉ= êáëâ= Å~ååçí= Éäáãáå~íÉÇX= ~åÇ= áåÑçêã= ìëÉêë= çÑ= ~åó= êÉëáÇì~ä=êáëâë=

-

ïÜÉå= ÇÉëáÖåáåÖ= ~åÇ= ÅçåëíêìÅíáåÖ= ã~ÅÜáåÉêó= ~åÇ= ïÜÉå= Çê~ÑíáåÖ= íÜÉ= áåëíêìÅíáçåëW= ìëÉ= ~åÇ=ÑçêÉëÉÉ~ÄäÉ=ãáëìëÉ=ãìëí=ÄÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=

-

í~âÉ= ~ÅÅçìåí= çÑ= çéÉê~íçê= Åçåëíê~áåíë= ÇìÉ= íç= åÉÅÉëë~êó= çê= ÑçêÉëÉÉ~ÄäÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= éÉêëçå~ä= éêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

UM

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= -

ã~ÅÜáåÉêó= ãìëí= ÄÉ= ëìééäáÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ~ää= íÜÉ= ÉëëÉåíá~äë= íç= Éå~ÄäÉ= áí= íç= ÄÉ= ~ÇàìëíÉÇI= ã~áåí~áåÉÇ=~åÇ=ìëÉÇ=ë~ÑÉäó=



qÜÉ=Ñ~Åíçêë=íç=ÄÉ=ÅçåëáÇÉêÉÇ=ïÜÉå=~ëëÉëëáåÖ=êáëâW=éÉêëçåë=~í=êáëâI=ëÉîÉêáíó=çÑ=éçëëáÄäÉ=áåàìêóI= éêçÄ~Äáäáíó= çÑ= áåàìêóI= åÉÉÇ= Ñçê= ~ÅÅÉëëI= Çìê~íáçå= çÑ= ÉñéçëìêÉI= êÉäá~Äáäáíó= çÑ= ë~ÑÉÖì~êÇëI= çéÉê~íáåÖ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=~åÇ=éÉêëçååÉä=



mìêéçëÉ=çÑ=`b=ã~êâáåÖ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=êÉäÉî~åÅÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=`b=ã~êâX=ëÉäÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=áåíÉÖê~íáçå=çÑ=ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåí=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=



`çåÑçêãáíó= ~ëëÉëëãÉåíëI= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= Ü~êãçåáëÉÇ= ëí~åÇ~êÇëI= íÜÉ= íÉÅÜåáÅ~ä= ÑáäÉ= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=çÑ=ÅçåÑçêãáíóK=

f`SKO== dÉåÉêáÅ=Ü~ò~êÇë= 

`çããçå=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=Ü~ò~êÇë=áå=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=ÖÉåÉê~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉëW==Çêáääë=Eê~Çá~ä=~êãI=éÉÇÉëí~äFI= ÅáêÅìä~ê= ë~ïëI= ÖìáääçíáåÉëI= é~éÉê= ëÜêÉÇÇÉêëI= éÜçíçÅçéáÉêëI= ÇáëÅ= ë~åÇÉêëI= ~Äê~ëáîÉ= ïÜÉÉäëI= ä~íÜÉëI=~ìíçã~íáÅ=Çççêë=~åÇ=Ö~íÉëI=ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä=~åÇ=ÜóÇê~ìäáÅ=éêÉëëÉëI=éçêí~ÄäÉ=éçïÉê=íççäëI= `k`=ã~ÅÜáåÉëI=êçÄçíáÅë=



qÜÉ=íóéÉë=çÑ=ÖÉåÉêáÅ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=Ü~ò~êÇëW= -

ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä= Ü~ò~êÇëW= ÅêìëÜáåÖI= ëÜÉ~êáåÖI= ÅìííáåÖLëÉîÉêáåÖI= Éåí~åÖäÉãÉåíI= Çê~ïáåÖJ áåLíê~ééáåÖI= áãé~ÅíI= ëí~ÄÄáåÖLéìåÅíìêÉLÉàÉÅíáçåI= ÑêáÅíáçåL~Äê~ëáçåI= ÜáÖÜ= éêÉëëìêÉ= ÑäìáÇ= áåàÉÅíáçå=

-

åçåJãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä= Ü~ò~êÇëW= åçáëÉI= îáÄê~íáçåI= ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíóI= ÜáÖÜLäçï= íÉãéÉê~íìêÉI= ê~Çá~íáçåI= Ü~ò~êÇçìë=ëìÄëí~åÅÉë=



qÜÉ=íóéáÅ~ä=Å~ìëÉë=çÑ=Ñ~áäìêÉëI=ïáíÜ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=Ó=ÉñÅÉëëáîÉ=ëíêÉëëI=~Äåçêã~ä=ÉñíÉêå~ä=äç~ÇáåÖI= ãÉí~ä= Ñ~íáÖìÉI= ÇìÅíáäÉ= Ñ~áäìêÉI= ÄêáííäÉ= Ñê~ÅíìêÉI= ÄìÅâäáåÖ= ~åÇ= ÅçêêçëáîÉ= Ñ~áäìêÉ= E_êÉåí= `êçëëI= NVSQX= j~êâÜ~ã= `çääáÉêóI= NVTPX= iáííäÉÄêççâ= aI= NVTUX= o~ãëÖ~íÉ= t~äâï~ó= `çää~éëÉI= NVVQFI= ^äÉñ~åÇÉê= iK= háÉää~åÇ= EãÉí~ä= Ñ~íáÖìÉFI= pïáããáåÖ= éççä= êççÑ= Åçää~éëÉI= rëíÉêI= pïáíòÉêä~åÇI= NVURI=ëíêÉëë=Åçêêçëáçå=Åê~ÅâáåÖ=



qÜÉ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑ= çéÉê~íáçåI= ~Çî~åí~ÖÉëI= Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë= ~åÇ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= åçåJÇÉëíêìÅíáîÉ= íÉëíáåÖ=íÉÅÜåáèìÉëI=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~ääó=ÇóÉ=éÉåÉíê~åíI=~ÅçìëíáÅI=ìäíê~ëçåáÅI=ê~ÇáçÖê~éÜó=EÖ~ãã~=~åÇ= ñJê~óFI=ÉÇÇó=ÅìêêÉåíI=ã~ÖåÉíáÅ=é~êíáÅäÉK=

f`SKP== mêçíÉÅíáîÉ=ÇÉîáÅÉë= 

qÜÉ=ã~áå=íóéÉë=çÑ=ë~ÑÉÖì~êÇáåÖ=ÇÉîáÅÉëW=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅëI=âÉó=ÑÉ~íìêÉëI=äáãáí~íáçåë=~åÇ=íóéáÅ~ä= ~ééäáÅ~íáçåë=çÑ=ÑáñÉÇ=ÉåÅäçëÉÇ=Öì~êÇëI=ÑáñÉÇ=Çáëí~åÅÉ=Öì~êÇëI=áåíÉêäçÅâÉÇ=Öì~êÇëI=~ìíçã~íáÅ= Öì~êÇëI= íêáé= ÇÉîáÅÉëI= ~Çàìëí~ÄäÉLëÉäÑJ~ÇàìëíáåÖ= Öì~êÇëI= íïçJÜ~åÇ= ÅçåíêçäëI= ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä= êÉëíê~áåíëI=àáÖë=~åÇ=éìëÜJëíáÅâëK=

f`SKQ== j~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= 

qÜÉ= ãÉ~åë= Äó= ïÜáÅÜ= ã~ÅÜáåÉêó= áë= ë~ÑÉäó= ëÉíI= ÅäÉ~åÉÇ= ~åÇ= ã~áåí~áåÉÇ= áåÅäìÇáåÖW= = ë~ÑÉ= ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=ïçêâX=éÉêãáíëX=áëçä~íáçåX=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=Ñçê=ïçêâáåÖ=~í=ìåÖì~êÇÉÇ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=



qÜÉ=ãÉ~åë=Äó=ïÜáÅÜ=ã~ÅÜáåÉë=~êÉ=áëçä~íÉÇ=Ñêçã=~ää=ÉåÉêÖó=ëçìêÅÉëK= = = =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

UN

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f`SKR== fåÑçêã~íáçå=~åÇ=ï~êåáåÖë= 

qÜÉ= ëÅçéÉ= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= Ñçê= íÜÉ= ë~ÑÉ= ìëÉ= ~åÇ= çéÉê~íáçå= çÑ= ã~ÅÜáåÉêóI= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~ääóW= íÜÉ= ÅçåÇáíáçåë= ìåÇÉê= ïÜáÅÜ= íÜÉ= ã~ÅÜáåÉêó= ã~ó= ÄÉ= ìëÉÇX= ÑçêÉëÉÉ~ÄäÉ= ~Äåçêã~ä= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ=~Åíáçå=íç=ÄÉ=í~âÉåX=~åÇ=~åó=ÅçåÅäìëáçåë=íç=ÄÉ=Çê~ïå=Ñêçã=ÉñéÉêáÉåÅÉ=áå=ìë~ÖÉ=



qÜÉ= ãÉ~åë= Äó= ïÜáÅÜ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ~åÇ= áåëíêìÅíáçåë= êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ= íÜÉ= çéÉê~íáçå= ~åÇ= ìëÉ= çÑ= ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=ãìëí=ÄÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇ~ÄäÉ=íç=íÜçëÉ=ÅçåÅÉêåÉÇK=

f`SKS== j~ÅÜáåÉêó=Åçåíêçä=ëóëíÉãë= 

qÜÉ=âÉó=ë~ÑÉíó=ÅÜ~ê~ÅíÉêáëíáÅë=çÑ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=Åçåíêçä=ëóëíÉãë=íç=áåÅäìÇÉW= -

ã~âáåÖ=~ääçï~åÅÉ=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Ñ~áäìêÉëI=Ñ~ìäíë=~åÇ=Åçåëíê~áåíë=íç=ÄÉ=ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=áå=íÜÉ=éä~ååÉÇ= ÅáêÅìãëí~åÅÉë= çÑ= ìëÉX= ÇçÉë= åçí= ÅêÉ~íÉ= ~åó= áåÅêÉ~ëÉÇ= êáëâ= íç= ÜÉ~äíÜ= çê= ë~ÑÉíóX= Ñ~ìäíë= çê= Ç~ã~ÖÉ=íç=íÜÉ=Åçåíêçä=ëóëíÉã=çê=íÜÉ=äçëë=çÑ=ÉåÉêÖó=ëìééäó=ãìëí=åçí=êÉëìäí=áå=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä= êáëâ=íç=ÜÉ~äíÜ=çê=ë~ÑÉíóX=ÇçÉë=åçí=áãéÉÇÉ=íÜÉ=çéÉê~íáçå=çÑ=~åó=ëíçéLÉåÉêÖó=ëíçé=Åçåíêçäë=

-

Åçåíêçäë= Ñçê= ëí~êíáåÖ= çê= ã~âáåÖ= ~= ëáÖåáÑáÅ~åí= ÅÜ~åÖÉ= áå= çéÉê~íáåÖ= ÅçåÇáíáçåë= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= ~åó=ÅÜ~åÖÉ=áå=ëéÉÉÇI=éêÉëëìêÉ=çê=çíÜÉê=çéÉê~íáåÖ=ÅçåÇáíáçå=

-

ëíçé=Åçåíêçäë=êÉ~Çáäó=~ÅÅÉëëáÄäÉ=~åÇ=äÉ~Çë=íç=~=ë~ÑÉ=ÅçåÇáíáçå=

-

ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó=ëíçé=Åçåíêçäë=éêçîáÇÉÇ=~åÇ=íç=ÄÉ=êÉ~Çáäó=~ÅÅÉëëáÄäÉ=

-

éçëáíáçå=~åÇ=ã~êâáåÖ=çÑ=Åçåíêçäë=íç=ÄÉ=îáëáÄäÉ=~åÇ=áÇÉåíáÑá~ÄäÉ=

-

ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçå=çÑ=ÉêÖçåçãáÅ=éêáåÅáéäÉëK=

f`SKT= póëíÉãë=Ñ~áäìêÉë=~åÇ=ëóëíÉã=êÉäá~Äáäáíó= 

jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ=íÉêã=ÚëóëíÉãÛ=



mêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ëóëíÉã=Ñ~áäìêÉ=~å~äóëáë=Ó=ÜçäáëíáÅ=~åÇ=êÉÇìÅíáçåáëí=~ééêç~ÅÜÉë=~åÇ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=íç= ~Åíì~ä=Éñ~ãéäÉë=



rëÉ=çÑ=Å~äÅìä~íáçå=áå=íÜÉ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=çÑ=ëóëíÉã=êÉäá~ÄáäáíóW=é~ê~ääÉäI=ëÉêáÉë=~åÇ=ãáñÉÇ=ëóëíÉãëI= Åçããçå=ãçÇÉ=Ñ~áäìêÉëI=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=Üìã~å=êÉäá~Äáäáíó=~å~äóëáë=



jÉíÜçÇë= Ñçê= áãéêçîáåÖ= ëóëíÉã= êÉäá~ÄáäáíóW= ìëÉ= çÑ= êÉäá~ÄäÉ= ÅçãéçåÉåíëI= èì~äáíó= ~ëëìê~åÅÉI= é~ê~ääÉä= êÉÇìåÇ~åÅóX= ëí~åÇÄó= ëóëíÉãëI= ãáåáãáëáåÖ= Ñ~áäìêÉë= íç= Ç~åÖÉêX= éä~ååÉÇ= éêÉîÉåíáîÉ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉX=ãáåáãáëáåÖ=Üìã~å=ÉêêçêK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

UO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= = qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=dì~êÇáåÖ=çÑ=j~ÅÜáåÉêó=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NNVI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVSP= k_=fil=aê~Ñí=ÅçÇÉ=çÑ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=çå=ë~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó==J=aê~Ñí=jÉÉíáåÖ=çÑ=bñéÉêíë=çå= íÜÉ=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉ=çå=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=j~ÅÜáåÉêó=EdÉåÉî~I=OV=kçîÉãÄÉêÓT=aÉÅÉãÄÉê= OMNNF==ÜííéWLLïïïKáäçKçêÖLïÅãëéRLÖêçìéëLéìÄäáÅLJJJÉÇ|éêçíÉÅíLJJJéêçíê~îLJJJ ë~ÑÉïçêâLÇçÅìãÉåíëLåçêã~íáîÉáåëíêìãÉåíLïÅãë|NSQSRPKéÇÑ= qê~åëéçëÉÇ=e~êãçåáòÉÇ=pí~åÇ~êÇë=_êáíáëÜLbìêçéÉ~åLfåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= bk=fpl=NONMMJWOMNM=p~ÑÉíó=çÑ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=JJ=dÉåÉê~ä=éêáåÅáéäÉë=Ñçê=ÇÉëáÖå=JJ=oáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=~åÇ= êáëâ=êÉÇìÅíáçå= fplLqo=NQNONJOWOMMT=p~ÑÉíó=çÑ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêóK=oáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåíK=mê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ=~åÇ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ= ãÉíÜçÇë=Eëççå=íç=ÄÉ=êÉéä~ÅÉÇ=Äó=fplLqo=NQNONJOWOMNMF=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=NN=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

UP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`TW= tçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=EãçÄáäÉI=äáÑíáåÖ=~åÇ=~ÅÅÉëëF= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`TKN== aÉëÅêáÄÉ= íÜÉ= ã~áå= Ü~ò~êÇë= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= Åçããçåäó= ÉåÅçìåíÉêÉÇ=ãçÄáäÉ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= f`TKO== aÉëÅêáÄÉ= íÜÉ= ã~áå= Ü~ò~êÇë= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= Åçããçåäó= ÉåÅçìåíÉêÉÇ=äáÑíáåÖ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= f`TKP== aÉëÅêáÄÉ= íÜÉ= ã~áå= Ü~ò~êÇë= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= Åçããçåäó= ÉåÅçìåíÉêÉÇ=~ÅÅÉëë=ÉèìáéãÉåí=~åÇ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=Ñçê=ïçêâáåÖ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜíK=

`çåíÉåí= f`TKN== jçÄáäÉ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåíW=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë= e~ò~êÇë== 

qÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçåë= çÑ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= íóéÉë= çÑ= ãçÄáäÉ= ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= EëÉäÑJéêçéÉääÉÇI= íçïÉÇI= ~íí~ÅÜÉÇI= éÉÇÉëíêá~åJÅçåíêçääÉÇ= ~åÇ= êÉãçíÉäóJÅçåíêçääÉÇF= J= íç= áåÅäìÇÉ= äáÑí= íêìÅâë= EÅçìåíÉêÄ~ä~åÅÉI= êÉ~ÅÜI= êçìÖÜ= íÉêê~áåI= íÉäÉëÅçéáÅ= ã~íÉêá~äë= Ü~åÇäÉêëI= ëáÇÉ= äç~ÇáåÖ= íêìÅâëI= éÉÇÉëíêá~å=ÅçåíêçääÉÇ=íêìÅâëFI=~ÖêáÅìäíìê~ä=íê~Åíçêë=~åÇ=ïçêâë=îÉÜáÅäÉë=



qÜÉ= Ü~ò~êÇë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ãçÄáäÉ= ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= EêçääçîÉêI= çîÉêíìêåáåÖI= ëìáí~Äáäáíó= Ñçê= Å~êêóáåÖ= é~ëëÉåÖÉêëI= ìå~ìíÜçêáëÉÇ= ëí~êíJìéI= ë~ÑÉ= çéÉê~íáåÖ= ëí~íáçåLéä~íÑçêãI= çîÉêêìå= çÑ= ëéÉÉÇI= Åçåí~Åí= ïáíÜ= ïÜÉÉäë= ~åÇ= íê~ÅâëI= Ñ~ääë= çÑ= çÄàÉÅíëI= ãçîáåÖ= é~êíëLÇêáîÉ= ëÜ~ÑíëLéçïÉê= í~âÉJçÑÑëI=çîÉêJÜÉ~íáåÖF=



qÜÉ= Ü~ò~êÇë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= ÉåÉêÖáëáåÖ= EÉäÉÅíêáÅ~äI= imdI= ÇáÉëÉäF= çÑ= ãçÄáäÉ= ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= =

`çåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë= 

qÜÉ= Åçåíêçä= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= íç= ÄÉ= ìëÉÇ= áå= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= ãçÄáäÉ= ïçêâ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= EëÉäÑJéêçéÉääÉÇI= íçïÉÇI= ~íí~ÅÜÉÇI= éÉÇÉëíêá~åJÅçåíêçääÉÇ= ~åÇ= êÉãçíÉäóJÅçåíêçääÉÇFI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= ë~ÑÉ= ä~óçìí= çÑ= ~êÉ~ë=ïÜÉêÉ=ãçÄáäÉ=ÉèìáéãÉåí=áë=ìëÉÇ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=çÑ=éÉÇÉëíêá~åë=



qÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= äáÑí= íêìÅâë= íç= ãçîÉ= éÉçéäÉ= Ó= ÅçåÇáíáçåë= ~åÇ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= åÉÅÉëë~êóI= çíÜÉê= ~íí~ÅÜãÉåíë=ìëÉÇ=çå=äáÑí=íêìÅâë=



qÜÉ= áãéçêí~åÅÉ= çÑ= êçääJçîÉê= éêçíÉÅíáçåI= Ñ~ääáåÖ= çÄàÉÅíë= éêçíÉÅíáçåI= ëéÉÉÇ= Åçåíêçä= ëóëíÉãë= EëíçééáåÖ= ~åÇ= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= Äê~âáåÖFI= Öì~êÇëI= Ä~êêáÉêë= ~åÇ= êÉëíê~áåáåÖ= ëóëíÉãëI= ãÉ~åë= çÑ= ÑáêÉ= ÑáÖÜíáåÖI=îáëáçå=~áÇë=Eéä~åÉI=~åÖäÉÇ=~åÇ=ÅìêîÉÇ=ãáêêçêëI=cêÉëåÉä=äÉåëÉëI=ê~Ç~êI=``qsF=



qÜÉ= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= íê~áåáåÖ= çÑ= äáÑí= íêìÅâ= çéÉê~íçêë= EÄ~ëáÅI= ëéÉÅáÑáÅ= àçÄ= íê~áåáåÖ= ~åÇ= Ñ~ãáäá~êáë~íáçåFK=

f`TKO== iáÑíáåÖ=ÉèìáéãÉåíW=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë= «=kb_lpe=OMNN=

UQ

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= e~ò~êÇë= 

qÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçåë= ~åÇ= ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí= íóéÉë= çÑ= äáÑíáåÖ= ÉèìáéãÉåí= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= Åê~åÉë= EãçÄáäÉ= Åê~åÉëI= íçïÉê=Åê~åÉëI=çîÉêÜÉ~Ç=Åê~åÉëF=~åÇ=Üçáëíë=



qÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=Åê~åÉë=~åÇ=äáÑíáåÖ=çéÉê~íáçåë=



qÜÉ=ã~áå=Ü~ò~êÇë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑW=Üçáëíë=EÖáå=ïÜÉÉäI=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=ëáíÉ=éä~íÑçêã= ÜçáëíF=~åÇ=äáÑíë=Eé~ëëÉåÖÉê=~åÇ=ÖççÇëI=îÉÜáÅäÉ=áåëéÉÅíáçåF==

`çåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë= 

qÜÉ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑW=Åê~åÉë=EëÉäÉÅíáçåI=ëáíáåÖI=~åÇ=ëí~Äáäáíó=çÑ=Åê~åÉëFX=Üçáëíë= ~åÇ=äáÑíëX=áåíÉÖêáíó=çÑ=äáÑíáåÖ=ÉèìáéãÉåíX=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=çÑ=éÉêëçååÉäX=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉI=áåëéÉÅíáçåX= ~åÇ=ëí~íìíçêó=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåëK=

f`TKP== ^ÅÅÉëë=~åÇ=ïçêâ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜí=ÉèìáéãÉåíW=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=

e~ò~êÇëW= 

qÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçåë=~åÇ=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåí=íóéÉë=çÑ=~ÅÅÉëë=~åÇ=ïçêâ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜí=ÉèìáéãÉåí=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ëÉäÑJ éêçéÉääÉÇI= íê~áäÉê= ~åÇ= íêìÅâJãçìåíÉÇ= ÜóÇê~ìäáÅ= äáÑíë= EjbtmëFI= ÄççãëI= ëÅáëëçê= äáÑíëI= äç~ÇÉêë= ~åÇ=ãçÄáäÉ=ïçêâ=éä~íÑçêãë=



qÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~êáëáåÖ=Ñêçã=ä~Åâ=çÑ=ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä=ëíêÉåÖíÜ=çÑ=íÜÉ=Å~êêáÉê=çê=ä~Åâ=çÑ=äç~ÇáåÖ=Åçåíêçä= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçä= ÇÉîáÅÉëX= Ü~ò~êÇë= íç= éÉêëçåë= çå= çê= áå= íÜÉ= Å~êêáÉê= EãçîÉãÉåíë= çÑ= íÜÉ= Å~êêáÉêI= éÉêëçåë= Ñ~ääáåÖ= Ñêçã= íÜÉ= Å~êêáÉêI= çÄàÉÅíë= Ñ~ääáåÖ= çå= íÜÉ= Å~êêáÉêFX= ÉñÅÉÉÇáåÖ= ë~ÑÉ= ïçêâáåÖ= äç~ÇLéÉêëçåë=éÉêãáííÉÇ=

`çåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉëW= 

qÜÉ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ñçê=ìëÉ=çÑ=~ÅÅÉëë=~åÇ=ïçêâ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜí=ÉèìáéãÉåíW=ëé~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ëíêÉåÖíÜ= ÅçêêÉëéçåÇáåÖ=íç=íÜÉ=ã~ñáãìã=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éÉêëçåë=~åÇ=ã~ñáãìã=ïçêâáåÖ=äç~ÇX=ÑáííÉÇ=ïáíÜ= ~= ëìëéÉåëáçå= çê= ëìééçêíáåÖ= ëóëíÉãX= ÅçåíêçääÉÇ= Äó= éÉêëçåë= áå= íÜÉ= Å~êêáÉêX= ÉãÉêÖÉåÅó= ëíçé= ÇÉîáÅÉëX=ÜçäÇJíçJêìå=ÅçåíêçäëX=éêÉîÉåíáçå=çÑ=íáäíáåÖ=áÑ=íÜÉêÉ=áë=~=êáëâ=çÑ=íÜÉ=çÅÅìé~åíë=Ñ~ääáåÖX= íê~éÇççêë= çéÉå= áå= ~= ÇáêÉÅíáçå= íÜ~í= Éäáãáå~íÉë= ~åó= êáëâ= çÑ= Ñ~ääáåÖX= éêçíÉÅíáîÉ= êççÑ= áÑ= êáëâ= çÑ= Ñ~ääáåÖ=çÄàÉÅíë=ÉåÇ~åÖÉê=éÉêëçåëI=ã~êâÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ã~ñáãìã=åìãÄÉê=çÑ=éÉêëçåë=~åÇ=ã~ñáãìã= ïçêâáåÖ=äç~ÇK= =

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=dì~êÇáåÖ=çÑ=j~ÅÜáåÉêó=`çåîÉåíáçåI=`NNVI=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVSP= k_=fil=aê~Ñí=ÅçÇÉ=çÑ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ=çå=ë~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó==J=aê~Ñí=jÉÉíáåÖ=çÑ=bñéÉêíë=çå= íÜÉ=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉ=çå=p~ÑÉíó=áå=íÜÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=j~ÅÜáåÉêó=EdÉåÉî~I=OV=kçîÉãÄÉêÓT=aÉÅÉãÄÉê= OMNNF==ÜííéWLLïïïKáäçKçêÖLïÅãëéRLÖêçìéëLéìÄäáÅLJJJÉÇ|éêçíÉÅíLJJJéêçíê~îLJJJ ë~ÑÉïçêâLÇçÅìãÉåíëLåçêã~íáîÉáåëíêìãÉåíLïÅãë|NSQSRPKéÇÑ= qê~åëéçëÉÇ=e~êãçåáòÉÇ=pí~åÇ~êÇë=_êáíáëÜLbìêçéÉ~åLfåíÉêå~íáçå~ä= bk=fpl=NONMMJWOMNM=p~ÑÉíó=çÑ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêó=JJ=dÉåÉê~ä=éêáåÅáéäÉë=Ñçê=ÇÉëáÖå=JJ=oáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=~åÇ= êáëâ=êÉÇìÅíáçå= fplLqo=NQNONJOWOMMT=p~ÑÉíó=çÑ=ã~ÅÜáåÉêóK=oáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåíK=mê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ=~åÇ=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ= ãÉíÜçÇë=Eëççå=íç=ÄÉ=êÉéä~ÅÉÇ=Äó=fplLqo=NQNONJOWOMNMF=

= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=S=Üçìêë «=kb_lpe=OMNN=

UR

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`UW= bäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ë~ÑÉíó== =

iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`UKN= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=Ä~ëáÅ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíó== f`UKO= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=Ç~åÖÉêë=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíó== f`UKP= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= áëëìÉë= êÉäÉî~åí= íç= íÜÉ= áåëí~ää~íáçåI= ìëÉI= áåëéÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ëóëíÉãë== f`UKQ= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=ã~áå=éêáåÅáéäÉë=Ñçê=ë~ÑÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=îáÅáåáíó=çÑ=ÜáÖÜ=îçäí~ÖÉ=ëóëíÉãë= f`UKR= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= ã~áå= Ü~ò~êÇëI= êáëâë= ~åÇ= Åçåíêçäë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= íÜÉ= ìëÉ= çÑ= éçêí~ÄäÉ= = ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ÉèìáéãÉåíK=

`çåíÉåí= f`UKN= _~ëáÅ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíó== 

aáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉë=ÄÉíïÉÉå=içï=~åÇ=eáÖÜ=sçäí~ÖÉ=



mçíÉåíá~ä=ÇáÑÑÉêÉåÅÉI=ÅìêêÉåíI=êÉëáëí~åÅÉI=áãéÉÇ~åÅÉI=lÜãÛë=ä~ï=



_~ëáÅ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ÅáêÅìáíêó=



b~êíÜáåÖ=éêáåÅáéäÉë=



páÖåáÑáÅ~åÅÉ=çÑ=ÇáêÉÅí=~åÇ=~äíÉêå~íáåÖ=ÅìêêÉåíëK=

f`UKO= a~åÖÉêë=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíó= 

bÑÑÉÅíë=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ=ëÜçÅâ=çå=íÜÉ=ÄçÇóW=é~áåI=ÄìêåëI=ãìëÅìä~ê=Åçåíê~ÅíáçåI=êÉëéáê~íçêó=Ñ~áäìêÉI= ÜÉ~êí=ÑáÄêáää~íáçåI=Å~êÇá~Å=~êêÉëí=



c~Åíçêë= áåÑäìÉåÅáåÖ= íÜÉ= ëÉîÉêáíó= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÉÑÑÉÅíë= çÑ= ÉäÉÅíêáÅ= ëÜçÅâ= çå= íÜÉ= ÄçÇóW= îçäí~ÖÉI= ÑêÉèìÉåÅóI=Çìê~íáçåI=áãéÉÇ~åÅÉL=êÉëáëí~åÅÉI=ÅìêêÉåí=é~íÜI=ÇáêÉÅí=~åÇ=áåÇáêÉÅí=ëÜçÅâ=



`çããçå= Å~ìëÉë= çÑ= ÑáêÉëW= çîÉêäç~ÇáåÖ= çÑ= ÅçåÇìÅíçêëW= = çîÉêÜÉ~íáåÖI= áÖåáíáçå= çÑ= Ñä~ãã~ÄäÉ= î~éçìêI=áÖåáíáçå=çÑ=ÅçãÄìëíáÄäÉ=ã~íÉêá~äI=ÄêÉ~âÇçïå=çÑ=áåëìä~íáçå=



bäÉÅíêáÅ=~êÅëW=ãçäíÉå=ãÉí~ä=ëéä~ëÜ=~åÇ=ê~Çá~íáçå=



`áêÅìãëí~åÅÉë=ÖáîáåÖ=êáëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ÖÉåÉê~íáçå=çÑ=ëí~íáÅ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíó=



e~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë=Ñçê=ëí~íáÅ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅáíóK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

US

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f`UKP= fåëí~ää~íáçåI=ìëÉ=~åÇ=áåëéÉÅíáçå=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ëóëíÉãë= 

fãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑW==



- ëíêÉåÖíÜ=~åÇ=Å~é~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ÉèìáéãÉåí= - áåëìä~íáçåI=éêçíÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=éä~ÅáåÖ=çÑ=ÅçåÇìÅíçêë= - êÉÇìÅáåÖ=íÜÉ=êáëâ=çÑ=ëÜçÅâ= - ÉñÅÉëë=ÅìêêÉåí=éêçíÉÅíáçå= - ÅìííáåÖ=çÑÑ=ëìééäó=~åÇ=áëçä~íáçå= - ïçêâáåÖ=ëé~ÅÉI=~ÅÅÉëë=~åÇ=äáÖÜíáåÖ= `çåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉëW= ëÉäÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=ëìáí~Äáäáíó=çÑ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= éêçíÉÅíáîÉ= ëóëíÉãëW= ÑìëÉëI= êÉÇìÅÉÇ= îçäí~ÖÉ= ëóëíÉãëI= áëçä~íáçåI= êÉëáÇì~ä= ÅìêêÉåí= ÇÉîáÅÉëI= ÇçìÄäÉ=áåëìä~íáçåI=É~êíÜ=ÑêÉÉ=òçåÉë= fåëéÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= ëíê~íÉÖóW= ìëÉê= ÅÜÉÅâëI= Ñçêã~ä= îáëì~ä= áåëéÉÅíáçåëI= ÅçãÄáåÉÇ= áåëéÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=íÉëíëI=êÉÅçêÇë=çÑ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=~åÇ=íÉëíëI=ÑêÉèìÉåÅó=çÑ=áåëéÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=íÉëíáåÖI= ÅçãéÉíÉåí=éÉêëçåë=





fãéçêí~åÅÉ=çÑ=ëÅÜÉãÉë=çÑ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉI=ëÅÜÉÇìäÉëI=éä~åë=~åÇ=êÉÅçêÇë=



p~ÑÉ=ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=ïçêâ=çå=áåëí~ää~íáçåë=ã~ÇÉ=ÇÉ~Ç=



p~ÑÉ=ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=ïçêâ=~åÇ=ÅêáíÉêá~=çÑ=~ÅÅÉéí~Äáäáíó=Ñçê=äáîÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=



rëÉ=çÑ=éÉêãáíëJíçJïçêâ=



jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=ÚÅçãéÉíÉåí=éÉêëçåÛK==

f`UKQ= p~ÑÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=áå=íÜÉ=îáÅáåáíó=çÑ=ÜáÖÜ=îçäí~ÖÉ=ëóëíÉãë= 

`çããçå=ÜáÖÜ=îçäí~ÖÉ=ëóëíÉãë=~åÇ=éêÉîÉåíáçå=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉê=



`çãéÉíÉåí=~åÇ=~ìíÜçêáëÉÇ=éÉêëçåë=êçäÉ=êÉä~íÉÇ=íç=ëóëíÉã=ãçÇáÑáÅ~íáçåë=



p~ÑÉ=ëóëíÉãë=çÑ=ïçêâI=éÉêãáíJíçJïçêâ=éêçÅÉÇìêÉë=



p~ÑÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=åÉ~ê=çîÉêÜÉ~Ç=éçïÉê=äáåÉëI=ìåÇÉêÖêçìåÇ=Å~ÄäÉë=Ó=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë=



eáÖÜ=îçäí~ÖÉ=ÖäçîÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=~åÇ=äáîÉ=äáåÉ=çîÉêÜÉ~Ç=ïçêâáåÖK=

f`UKR= mçêí~ÄäÉ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ÉèìáéãÉåí= 

`çåÇáíáçåë= ~åÇ= éê~ÅíáÅÉë= äáâÉäó= íç= äÉ~Ç= íç= ~ÅÅáÇÉåíëI= áåÅäìÇáåÖ= ìåëìáí~ÄäÉ= ÉèìáéãÉåíI= áå~ÇÉèì~íÉ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉI=ìëÉ=çÑ=ÇÉÑÉÅíáîÉ=~éé~ê~íìë=



bäÉÅíêáÅ~ä= êáëâë= Ñêçã= áãéçêí~åí= éçêí~ÄäÉ= ~ééäá~åÅÉëI= ÉÖI= éçêí~ÄäÉ= ÖÉåÉê~íçêëI= ~êÅLãáÖLíáÖ= ïÉäÇáåÖ=



`çåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉëI=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=éçêí~ÄäÉ=~ééäá~åÅÉ=áåëéÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=íÉëíáåÖ=



^ëéÉÅíë=çÑ=ëìééäóI=ÉÖI=ÜÉáÖÜí=çÑ=Å~ÄäÉëK=

= = = = «=kb_lpe=OMNN=

UT

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= _p=TSTNWOMMU=oÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=bäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=fåëí~ää~íáçåëK=fbb=táêáåÖ=oÉÖìä~íáçåëK=pÉîÉåíÉÉåíÜ= ÉÇáíáçå= bäÉÅíêáÅáíó=~í=ïçêâW=p~ÑÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=éê~ÅíáÅÉë==epdURI=epb=_ççâë=fp_k=VTUMTNTSONSQQ= j~áåí~áåáåÖ=éçêí~ÄäÉ=~åÇ=íê~åëéçêí~ÄäÉ=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ~ä=ÉèìáéãÉåíI=epdNMTI=epb=_ççâë=fp_kW= VTUMTNTSOUMRS== ^îçáÇ~åÅÉ=çÑ=Ç~åÖÉê=Ñêçã=çîÉêÜÉ~Ç=ÉäÉÅíêáÅ=éçïÉêäáåÉëI=dpSI=epb=_ççâë=fp_kW= VTUMTNTSNPQUV==

= ===oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=T=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

UU

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`VW= `çåëíêìÅíáçå=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= =

lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`VKN== aÉëÅêáÄÉ=íÜÉ=ëÅçéÉ=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=~ÅíáîáíáÉë= f`VKO=

lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=éêáåÅáéäÉ=ÇìíáÉë=~åÇ=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=çå=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=ëáíÉë=

f`VKP== bñéä~áå= íÜÉ= Ü~ò~êÇë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ïçêâáåÖ= ~í= ÜÉáÖÜíë= Ñêçã= ÑáñÉÇ= ïçêâ= çê= íÉãéçê~êó= éä~íÑçêãë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=åÉÅÉëë~êó=éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=éê~ÅíáÅÉë= f`VKQ== bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇëI=éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=éê~ÅíáÅÉë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÇÉãçäáíáçå= ïçêâ= f`VKR= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÉñÅ~î~íáçå=ïçêâ=~åÇ=íÜÉ=åÉÅÉëë~êó=éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë=~åÇ= ë~ÑÉ=ïçêâáåÖ=éê~ÅíáÅÉëK=

`çåíÉåí= f`VKN= pÅçéÉ=~åÇ=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=~ÅíáîáíáÉë= 

qóéÉë= çÑ= ïçêâW= ÄìáäÇáåÖ= ïçêâëI= êÉåçî~íáçåX= ~äíÉê~íáçåX= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= ÉñáëíáåÖ= éêÉãáëÉë= EçÅÅìéáÉÇ= çê= ìåçÅÅìéáÉÇFX= Åáîáä= ÉåÖáåÉÉêáåÖX= ïçêâë= çÑ= ÉåÖáåÉÉêáåÖ= ÅçåëíêìÅíáçåX= ~åÇ= ÇÉãçäáíáçå=



o~åÖÉ= çÑ= ~ÅíáîáíáÉëI= áåÅäìÇáåÖW= ëáíÉ= ÅäÉ~ê~åÅÉX= ÇÉãçäáíáçåX= Çáëã~åíäáåÖX= ÉñÅ~î~íáçåX= äç~ÇáåÖI= ìåäç~ÇáåÖ= ~åÇ= ëíçê~ÖÉ= çÑ= ã~íÉêá~äëX= ëáíÉ= ãçîÉãÉåíëX= Ñ~ÄêáÅ~íáçåX= ÇÉÅçê~íáçåX= ÅäÉ~åáåÖX= áåëí~ää~íáçåI=êÉãçî~ä=~åÇ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=çÑ=ëÉêîáÅÉë=EÉäÉÅíêáÅáíóI=ï~íÉêI=Ö~ëFX=ä~åÇëÅ~éáåÖ=



m~êíáÅìä~ê=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=áëëìÉë=êÉä~íáåÖ=íç=íÜÉW=íê~åëáíçêó=å~íìêÉ=çÑ=ïçêâÉêëX=íÉãéçê~êó=å~íìêÉ= çÑ= ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå= ~ÅíáîáíáÉë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= Åçåëí~åíäó= ÅÜ~åÖáåÖ= ïçêâéä~ÅÉX= íáãÉ= éêÉëëìêÉë= Ñêçã= ÅäáÉåíëX= ïÉ~íÜÉê= ÅçåÇáíáçåëX= äÉîÉäë= çÑ= åìãÉê~Åó= ~åÇ= äáíÉê~Åó= çÑ= ïçêâÉêëX= äçÅ~ä= çê= ÑçêÉáÖå= ä~åÖì~ÖÉ=ïçêâÉêëK=

f`VKO=

j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=çå=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=ëáíÉë=



oÉëéÉÅíáîÉ=êçäÉë=~åÇ=êÉëéçåëáÄáäáíáÉë=çÑ=ÅäáÉåíëI=ÇÉëáÖåÉêëI=ÅçJçêÇáå~íçêI=éêáåÅáé~ä=Åçåíê~Åíçêë= ~åÇ=Åçåíê~Åíçêë=



mä~ååáåÖI=ÅçJçêÇáå~íáçå=~åÇ=åçíáÑáÅ~íáçå=



eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éä~åX=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ÑáäÉ=



oÉäÉî~åÅÉ=çÑ=ëáíÉ=ä~óçìíX=~ÅÅÉëë=~åÇ=ÉÖêÉëëX=éêçíÉÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅ=



rëÉ=çÑ=ãÉíÜçÇ=ëí~íÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=éÉêãáíëJíçJïçêâK=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

UV

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f`VKP== tçêâáåÖ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜí=Ñêçã=ÑáñÉÇ=çê=íÉãéçê~êó=éä~íÑçêãë= 

qÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ïçêâáåÖ=~í=ÜÉáÖÜíë=



qÜÉ=ë~ÑÉ=ìëÉ=çÑ=íÉãéçê~êó=EáããçÄáäÉF=~ÅÅÉëë=ÉèìáéãÉåí=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=ä~ÇÇÉêëI=íêÉëíäÉëI=ëÅ~ÑÑçäÇë= Ó=ëáãéäÉ=áåÇÉéÉåÇÉåí=~åÇ=íçïÉê=ëÅ~ÑÑçäÇë=



qÜÉ=ÉêÉÅíáçåI=ìëÉ=~åÇ=Çáëã~åíäáåÖ=çÑ=ëÅ~ÑÑçäÇë=~åÇ=Ñ~äëÉïçêâ=



qÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=Ñ~ääáåÖ=ã~íÉêá~äë=~åÇ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=éêÉÅ~ìíáçå~êó=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=



p~ÑÉ=ãÉíÜçÇë=Ñçê=êççÑ=ïçêâ=J=éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë=ÇìêáåÖ=ïçêâ=çå=Ñê~ÖáäÉ=êççÑëI=ÉÇÖÉ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=Ñçê= Ñä~í=~åÇ=ëäçéáåÖ=êççÑë=



qÜÉ= ãÉ~åë= çÑ= íÉãéçê~êó= ~ÅÅÉëë= íóéÉë= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ÑÉ~íìêÉë= çÑ= Åê~ÇäÉëI= Äç~íëï~áåëÛ= ÅÜ~áêëI= êçéÉ=~ÅÅÉëë=~åÇ=éçëáíáçåáåÖ=ëóëíÉãë=



qÜÉ= ìëÉI= ~ééäáÅ~íáçåI= ëÉäÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ= éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë= áå= ìëÉ= çÑ= éÉêëçå~ä= ~åÇ= ÅçääÉÅíáîÉ= Ñ~ää= ~êêÉëí= ÇÉîáÅÉë=Eë~ÑÉíó=åÉíëI=~áêÄ~ÖëI=ÄÉäíë=~åÇ=Ü~êåÉëëÉëFK=

f`VKQ== aÉãçäáíáçå=ïçêâ= 

qÜÉ= ã~áå= íÉÅÜåáèìÉë= áå= ÇÉãçäáíáçå= çÑ= ÄìáäÇáåÖë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= Ü~ò~êÇë= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉ= ïçêâáåÖ=éê~ÅíáÅÉë=ïáíÜ=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íçW= -

Ñ~ääáåÖ=ã~íÉêá~äëX=éêÉã~íìêÉ=Åçää~éëÉ=çÑ=ÄìáäÇáåÖëI=ã~íÉêá~äë=çÑ=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå= éä~ååáåÖI= ëíêìÅíìê~ä= ëìêîÉóë= ~åÇ= ëìêîÉóë= Ñçê= Ü~ò~êÇçìë= ëìÄëí~åÅÉëI= éêçîáëáçå= çÑ= ïçêâáåÖ=éä~ÅÉë=~åÇ=ãÉ~åë=çÑ=~ÅÅÉëëLÉÖêÉëëI=ìëÉ=çÑ=ãÉíÜçÇ=ëí~íÉãÉåíë=~åÇ=éÉêãáíëJíçJ ïçêâI=ëÉÅìêáíó=çÑ=ëáíÉ=ÄçìåÇ~êáÉë=~åÇ=éêçíÉÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=éìÄäáÅK=

f`VKR== bñÅ~î~íáçåë= 

e~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÉñÅ~î~íáçå=ïçêâW=



Åçää~éëÉX=~ÅÅÉëëX=Ñ~ääë=çÑ=éÉêëçåëI=çÄàÉÅíë=~åÇ=îÉÜáÅäÉëX=ìëÉ=çÑ=íê~åëéçêíX=ÑäççÇáåÖ= ÄìêáÉÇ=ëÉêîáÅÉëW=íóéÉë=~åÇ=ÅçåëÉèìÉåÅÉë=çÑ=Ç~ã~ÖÉ= åÉÉÇ=Ñçê=íÉãéçê~êó=ëÜçêáåÖ=EÇê~Ö=ÄçñÉëI=éáäáåÖF= ãÉíÜçÇë=Ñçê=ÅÜÉÅâáåÖ=Ñçê=ÄìêáÉÇ=ëÉêîáÅÉë=~åÇ=íÜÉ=éêÉÅ~ìíáçåë=íç=ÄÉ=çÄëÉêîÉÇ= ìëÉ=çÑ=PSMM=ÉñÅ~î~íçêë= = qÜÉ=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=áåëéÉÅíáçåë=~åÇ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåë=çÑ=ÉñÅ~î~íáçåëK= -

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=pí~åÇ~êÇëI=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=áå=`çåëíêìÅíáçåI=oNTR=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê= lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVUU= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lÑÑáÅÉI=p~ÑÉíó=~åÇ=eÉ~äíÜ=áå=`çåëíêìÅíáçåI=~å=fil=`çÇÉ=çÑ=mê~ÅíáÅÉI= fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=i~Äçìê=lêÖ~åáë~íáçåI=dÉåÉî~I=NVVOK=fp_kW=VOONMTNMQV=

oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=T=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VM

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`NMW=tçêâéä~ÅÉ=íê~åëéçêí=~åÇ=ÇêáîáåÖ=Ñçê=ïçêâ= = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= = lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`NMKN= bñéä~áå=íÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇëI=êáëâë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ñçê=ë~ÑÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=íê~åëéçêí==çéÉê~íáçåë= f`NMKO= lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=Ñ~Åíçêë=~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ=ïáíÜ=ÇêáîáåÖ=~í=ïçêâ=íÜ~í=áåÅêÉ~ëÉ=íÜÉ=êáëâ=çÑ=~å=áåÅáÇÉåí= ~åÇ=íÜÉ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=ÇêáîáåÖ=êáëâëK=

`çåíÉåí= f`NMKN= e~ò~êÇëI=êáëâë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ñçê=ë~ÑÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=íê~åëéçêí=çéÉê~íáçåë= 

qóéáÅ~ä= Ü~ò~êÇë= äÉ~ÇáåÖ= íç= äçëë= çÑ= ÅçåíêçäX= çîÉêíìêåáåÖ= çÑ= îÉÜáÅäÉëX= Åçääáëáçåë= ïáíÜ= çíÜÉê= îÉÜáÅäÉëI=éÉÇÉëíêá~åë=~åÇ=ÑáñÉÇ=çÄàÉÅíë=



kçåJãçîÉãÉåí= êÉä~íÉÇ= Ü~ò~êÇëI= áÉI= äç~ÇáåÖI= ìåäç~ÇáåÖ= ~åÇ= ëÉÅìêáåÖ= äç~ÇëX= ëÜÉÉíáåÖX= ÅçìéäáåÖX==îÉÜáÅäÉ=ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ=ïçêâ=



`çåÇáíáçåë=~åÇ=ÉåîáêçåãÉåíë=áå=ïÜáÅÜ=É~ÅÜ=Ü~ò~êÇ=ã~ó=~êáëÉ=



`çåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=Ñçê=ë~ÑÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=íê~åëéçêí=çéÉê~íáçåëW= -

ëìáí~Äáäáíó= ~åÇ= ëìÑÑáÅáÉåÅó= çÑ= íê~ÑÑáÅ= êçìíÉëX= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= çÑ= îÉÜáÅäÉ= ãçîÉãÉåíëX= ÉåîáêçåãÉåí~ä=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåë=EîáëáÄáäáíóI=Öê~ÇáÉåíëI=ÅÜ~åÖÉë=çÑ=äÉîÉäI=ëìêÑ~ÅÉ=ÅçåÇáíáçåëFX= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= çÑ= îÉÜáÅäÉëX= ÇêáîÉê= éêçíÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ= êÉëíê~áåí= ëóëíÉãëX= ëÉÖêÉÖ~íáåÖ= çÑ= éÉÇÉëíêá~åë=~åÇ=îÉÜáÅäÉë=~åÇ=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=íç=ÄÉ=í~âÉå=ïÜÉå=ëÉÖêÉÖ~íáçå=áë=åçí=éê~ÅíáÅ~ÄäÉX= éêçíÉÅíáîÉ= ãÉ~ëìêÉë= Ñçê= éÉçéäÉ= ~åÇ= ëíêìÅíìêÉë= EÄ~êêáÉêëI= ã~êâáåÖ= ëáÖåëI= ï~êåáåÖë= çÑ= îÉÜáÅäÉ= ~ééêç~ÅÜ= ~åÇ= êÉîÉêëáåÖFX= ëáíÉ= êìäÉëX= ëÉäÉÅíáçå= ~åÇ= íê~áåáåÖ= çÑ= ÇêáîÉêëX= ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ëóëíÉãë=Ñçê=~ëëìêáåÖ=ÇêáîÉê=ÅçãéÉíÉåÅÉ=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=äçÅ~ä=ÅçÇÉë=çÑ=éê~ÅíáÅÉK=

f`NMKO= aêáîáåÖ=~í=ïçêâ= 

bñíÉåí=çÑ=ïçêâ=êÉä~íÉÇ=êç~Ç=áåàìêáÉë=~åÇ=Ñ~í~äáíáÉë=



c~Åíçêë= ~ëëçÅá~íÉÇ= ïáíÜ= ÇêáîáåÖ= ~í= ïçêâ= íÜ~í= áåÅêÉ~ëÉ= íÜÉ= êáëâ= çÑ= ÄÉáåÖ= áåîçäîÉÇ= áå= ~= êç~Ç= íê~ÑÑáÅ= áåÅáÇÉåí= EÇáëí~åÅÉI= ÇêáîáåÖ= ÜçìêëI= ïçêâ= ëÅÜÉÇìäÉëI= ëíêÉëë= ÇìÉ= íç= íê~ÑÑáÅ= ~åÇ= ïÉ~íÜÉê= ÅçåÇáíáçåë=ÉíÅF=



j~å~ÖáåÖ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=êç~Ç=êáëâW= -



éçäáÅó=ÅçîÉêë=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=êç~Ç=êáëâ= ëóëíÉãë=íç=ã~å~ÖÉ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=êç~Ç=êáëâ== ëÉäÉÅíáçå=~åÇ=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=ÑäÉÉí= ãçåáíçêáåÖ= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= íç= ÉåëìêÉ= éçäáÅó= áë= ÉÑÑÉÅíáîÉ= ÉÖ= = ÅçääÉÅíáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçåI= êÉéçêíáåÖ=çÑ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=êç~Ç=áåÅáÇÉåíë=Äó=ïçêâÉêë= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=~åÇ=ëíêìÅíìêÉK=

oáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåí=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VN

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 

bî~äì~íáåÖ=íÜÉ=êáëâëW= -

íÜÉ=ÇêáîÉê=EÅçãéÉíÉåÅóI=ÑáíåÉëë=~åÇ=ÜÉ~äíÜI=íê~áåáåÖF= íÜÉ= îÉÜáÅäÉ= Eëìáí~ÄáäáíóI= ÅçåÇáíáçåI= ë~ÑÉíó= ÉèìáéãÉåíI= ë~ÑÉíó= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= áåÑçêã~íáçåI= ÉêÖçåçãáÅ=ÅçåëáÇÉê~íáçåëF= íÜÉ=àçìêåÉó=EêçìíÉëI=ëÅÜÉÇìäáåÖI=ëìÑÑáÅáÉåí=íáãÉI=ïÉ~íÜÉê=ÅçåÇáíáçåëFK= Åçåíêçä=ãÉ~ëìêÉë=íç=êÉÇìÅÉ=ïçêâ=êÉä~íÉÇ=ÇêáîáåÖ=êáëâë== ÉÖI= ÅÜÉÅâáåÖ= ÇêáîÉêëÛ= äáÅÉåÅÉë= ~åÇ= ÇçÅìãÉåí~íáçåX= ÇêáîÉê= íê~áåáåÖX= îÉÜáÅäÉ= ÅÜÉÅâëX= àçìêåÉó=éä~ååáåÖK=

= = qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= = tçêâéä~ÅÉ=íê~åëéçêí=ë~ÑÉíó=Ó=^å=ÉãéäçóÉêëÛ=ÖìáÇÉ=EepdNPSF=epb=_ççâëI=p_k=MJ TNTSSTRQJT= = aêáîáåÖ=~í=ïçêâI=j~å~ÖáåÖ=ïçêâJêÉä~íÉÇ=êç~Ç=ë~ÑÉíóI=epb=fkadPUO= = = oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=Q=Üçìêë

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

bäÉãÉåí=f`NNW=mêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉã=Ü~ò~êÇë=~åÇ=Åçåíêçäë== = iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë=

= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ=çÑ=íÜÉ= ÅçåíÉåí= íÜêçìÖÜ= íÜÉ= ~ééäáÅ~íáçå= çÑ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= íç= Ñ~ãáäá~ê= ~åÇ= ìåÑ~ãáäá~ê= ëáíì~íáçåë= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= ÅêáíáÅ~ä= ~å~äóëáë= ~åÇ= Éî~äì~íáçå= çÑ= áåÑçêã~íáçå= éêÉëÉåíÉÇ= áå= ÄçíÜ= èì~åíáí~íáîÉ= ~åÇ= èì~äáí~íáîÉ= ÑçêãëK==få=é~êíáÅìä~ê=íÜÉó=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= f`NNKN= lìíäáåÉ= íÜÉ= éêáåÅáéäÉë= çÑ= çéÉê~íáçå= çÑ= äáèìÉÑáÉÇ= Ö~ë= ëíçê~ÖÉX= êÉÑêáÖÉê~íáçå= ëóëíÉãëX= ~åÇ = ÜÉ~íáåÖ=ëóëíÉãë= f`NNKO==lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=âÉó=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=ÚëáãéäÉÛ=ìåÑáêÉÇ=éêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉãë= f`NNKP==lìíäáåÉ=íÜÉ=âÉó=ÑÉ~íìêÉë=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=éêçÅÉëë=éêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉãë= f`NNKQ==lìíäáåÉI= íÜÉ= äáâÉäó= Å~ìëÉë= çÑ= íÜÉ= Ñ~áäìêÉ= çÑ= éêÉëëìêÉ= ëóëíÉãëI= ~åÇ= íÜÉ= íÉëíáåÖ= ~åÇ = éêÉîÉåíáçå=ëíê~íÉÖáÉë=íÜ~í=Å~å=ÄÉ=ìëÉÇK=

`çåíÉåí== f`NNKN==mêáåÅáéäÉë= 

jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=éêÉëëìêÉI=éçëáíáîÉ=éêÉëëìêÉ=~åÇ=åÉÖ~íáîÉ=éêÉëëìêÉ=



qÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇë=çÑ=ëíÉ~ãX=íÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëã=çÑ=~=ëíÉ~ã=Éñéäçëáçå=EÉÖ==`çêìë=_ä~ëí=cìêå~ÅÉI=OMMNF=



mêçéÉêíáÉë=çÑ=äáèìáÇ=éÉíêçäÉìã=Ö~ëX=~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=~åÇ=Çáë~Çî~åí~ÖÉë=çÑ=ëíçê~ÖÉ=áå=ëéÜÉêÉë=îëK= íçêéÉÇçÉë=



qÜÉ=çéÉê~íáçå=çÑ=Ä~ëáÅ=ëíÉ~ã=ÜÉ~íáåÖ=ëóëíÉã=



qÜÉ= äáèìÉÑ~Åíáçå= çÑ= Ö~ëÉë= Ñçê= Äìäâ= ëíçê~ÖÉ= ìåÇÉê= éêÉëëìêÉLêÉÑêáÖÉê~íáçåX= íÜÉ= çéÉê~íáçå= çÑ= ~= ÅäçëÉÇ=ÅáêÅìáí=êÉÑêáÖÉê~íáçå=ÅóÅäÉK=

f`NNKO==páãéäÉ=ìåÑáêÉÇ=éêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉãë= 

jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=?îÉëëÉä?X=ìåÑáêÉÇX=ÅçåíÉåíëX=ëÜ~éÉI=ÅçåëíêìÅíáçå=~åÇ=ã~íÉêá~äëX=Ö~ìÖÉ=éêÉëëìêÉX= çéÉê~íáåÖ=ÅçåÇáíáçåëX=íê~åëéçêí~ÄäÉ=Ö~ë=Åçåí~áåÉêë=



qÜÉ= ÉëëÉåíá~ä= ë~ÑÉíó= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíëX= éêÉëëìêáëÉÇ= ÅçãéçåÉåíëX= ëíÉÉä= ~åÇ= ~äìãáåáìã= îÉëëÉäëX= åçåJéêÉëëìêáëÉÇ=ÅçãéçåÉåíë=



qóéÉë= çÑ= áåëéÉÅíáçåI= ÑêÉèìÉåÅáÉë= ~åÇ= ëí~íìíçêó= Ä~ëáë= Ñçê= Éñ~ãáå~íáçå= çÑ= ëáãéäÉ= éêÉëëìêÉ= ëóëíÉãëK=

=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= f`NNKP= ==mêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉãë= 

jÉ~åáåÖ=çÑ=ÚêÉäÉî~åí=ÑäìáÇëÛI=íÜÉ=ëÅçéÉ=çÑ=ïÜ~í=ÅçåëíáíìíÉë=~=ÚéêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉãÛX=ëíÉ~ã=~í=~åó= éêÉëëìêÉ=



qÜÉ= âÉó= ÅçãéçåÉåíë= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= ÑÉ~íìêÉë= çÑ= éêÉëëìêÉ= ëóëíÉãëX= íÉãéÉê~íìêÉI= éêÉëëìêÉI= äÉîÉä= áåÇáÅ~íçêëX= éêÉëëìêÉ= êÉäáÉÑ= î~äîÉëX= ÑìÉä= ÅìíJçÑÑX= ÄìêëíáåÖ= ÇáëÅëX= äÉîÉä= êÉéäÉåáëÜãÉåíX= ï~íÉê= íêÉ~íãÉåíK=

= f`NNKQ== c~áäìêÉ=çÑ=éêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉãë= 

qÜÉ=Ü~ò~êÇë=çÑ=çîÉê=éêÉëëìêÉ=~åÇ=çîÉê=íÉãéÉê~íìêÉ=áå=éêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉãë=



qÜÉ=ãÉÅÜ~åáëãë=çÑ=ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä=Ñ~áäìêÉ=íÜ~í=äÉ~Ç=íç=~=äçëë=çÑ=Åçåí~áåãÉåíW==ÉñÅÉëëáîÉ=ëíêÉëëX= ~Äåçêã~ä= ÉñíÉêå~ä= äç~ÇáåÖX= çîÉêéêÉëëìêÉX= çîÉêÜÉ~íáåÖX= ãÉÅÜ~åáÅ~ä= Ñ~íáÖìÉ= ~åÇ= ëÜçÅâX= íÜÉêã~ä= Ñ~íáÖìÉ= ~åÇ= ëÜçÅâX= ÄêáííäÉ= Ñê~ÅíìêÉX= ÅêÉÉéX= ÜóÇêçÖÉå= ~íí~ÅâX= ÅçêêçëáîÉ= Ñ~áäìêÉ= ïáíÜ= êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉ=íç=Å~ëÉ=ëíìÇáÉëX=Éñ~ãéäÉë=çÑ=éêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉã=Ñ~áäìêÉë=



mêÉîÉåíáçå= ëíê~íÉÖóW= ÇÉëáÖå= ~åÇ= ÅçåëíêìÅíáçåI= êÉé~áê= ~åÇ= ãçÇáÑáÅ~íáçåI= áåÑçêã~íáçå= ~åÇ= ã~êâáåÖI= ë~ÑÉ= çéÉê~íáåÖ= äáãáíëI= ïêáííÉå= ëÅÜÉãÉ= çÑ= Éñ~ãáå~íáçåI= ã~áåíÉå~åÅÉ= ~åÇ= êÉÅçêÇ= âÉÉéáåÖI=ÅçãéÉíÉåí=éÉêëçåëK===

qìíçê=êÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë= p~ÑÉíó=çÑ=éêÉëëìêÉ=ëóëíÉãëI=iNOO=epb=_ççâëI===fp_kW=VTUMTNTSNTSTU== têáííÉå=ëÅÜÉãÉë=çÑ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçåI=fkadNTUI=epbI= ÜííéWLLïïïKÜëÉKÖçîKìâLéìÄåëLáåÇÖNTUKéÇÑ= oÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=íìáíáçå=íáãÉ=åçí=äÉëë=íÜ~å=R=Üçìêë=

=

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VQ

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

QKO= råáí=faW= ^ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=áåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ= == = = = ë~ÑÉíó=íÜÉçêó=~åÇ=éê~ÅíáÅÉ= iÉ~êåáåÖ=çìíÅçãÉë= lå=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=íÜáë=ÉäÉãÉåíI=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ÄäÉ=íçW= 

aÉãçåëíê~íÉ= íÜÉ= ~Äáäáíó= íç= ~ééäó= íÜÉ= âåçïäÉÇÖÉ= ~åÇ= ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= Ö~áåÉÇ= Ñêçã= íÜÉáê= ëíìÇáÉë=çÑ=ÉäÉãÉåíë=çÑ=råáíë=f^I=f_=~åÇ=f`=áå=~=éê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ÉåîáêçåãÉåí=



`~êêó= çìí= ~= ÇÉí~áäÉÇ= êÉîáÉï= çÑ= íÜÉ= ÜÉ~äíÜ= ~åÇ= ë~ÑÉíó= éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉ= çÑ= ~= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= çê= çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=



`êáíáÅ~ääó=~å~äóëÉ=~åÇ=Éî~äì~íÉ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ö~íÜÉêÉÇ=ÇìêáåÖ=íÜÉ=êÉîáÉï=



mêçÇìÅÉ=~=àìëíáÑáÉÇ=~Åíáçå=éä~å=íç=áãéêçîÉ=éÉêÑçêã~åÅÉK=

=

`çåíÉåí= = qÜáë=ìåáí=Åçåí~áåë=åç=~ÇÇáíáçå~ä=ëóää~Äìë=ÅçåíÉåíK==eçïÉîÉêI=ÅçãéäÉíáçå=çÑ=ëíìÇó=Ñçê=ìåáíë=f^I=f_=~åÇ= f`=áë=êÉÅçããÉåÇÉÇ=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ìåÇÉêí~âÉ=íÜÉ=råáí=fa=~ëëáÖåãÉåíK==`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ëÜçìäÇ=êÉÑÉê=íç=íÜÉ= ëÉé~ê~íÉ=råáí=fa=dìáÇ~åÅÉ=ïÜáÅÜ=áë=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=íç=Ççïåäç~Ç=Ñêçã=íÜÉ=píìÇÉåíë=ëÉÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=ïÉÄëáíÉI= çê=Ñêçã=íÜÉáê=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêK= =

QKOKN==

mìêéçëÉ=~åÇ=~áã==

qÜÉ=~áã=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=áë=íç=éêçÇìÅÉ=~å=çîÉê~ää=êÉîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí= ëóëíÉã=çÑ=~å=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=~åÇ=áåÇáÅ~íÉI=ìëáåÖ=êáëâ=~ëëÉëëãÉåíI=íÜÉ=éêáçêáíáÉë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=çêÖ~åáë~íáçå=Ñçê= íÜÉ=ÑìíìêÉK= = qÜÉ=ÑçÅìë=çÑ=íÜÉ=råáí=fa=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=íÜÉ=~ééäáÅ~íáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=âåçïäÉÇÖÉ=~åÇ=ìåÇÉêëí~åÇáåÖ= ÇÉîÉäçéÉÇ= áå= råáíë= f^I= f_= ~åÇ= f`= íç= ~= êÉ~ä= ïçêâéä~ÅÉ= ëáíì~íáçåK= fí= éêçîáÇÉë= çééçêíìåáíáÉë= Ñçê= íÜÉ= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ= íç= Å~êêó= çìí= êÉëÉ~êÅÜ= ~ééêçéêá~íÉ= íç= ~= èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçå= íÜ~í= áë= Åçãé~ê~ÄäÉ= íç= ÇÉÖêÉÉJäÉîÉäK== `~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=êÉèìáêÉÇ=íç=ÇÉãçåëíê~íÉ=íÜÉ=~Äáäáíó=íç=Å~êêó=çìí=~=ê~åÖÉ=çÑ=~ÅíáîáíáÉë=íÜ~í=ïçìäÇ=ÄÉ= ÉñéÉÅíÉÇ=çÑ=~=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó=éê~ÅíáíáçåÉêK= = qÜÉ= êÉéçêí= ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ= çêÖ~åáëÉÇ= áå= ëÉÅíáçåë= ïÜáÅÜ= ã~íÅÜ= íÜçëÉ= ëÉí= çìí= áå= íÜÉ= ~ëëáÖåãÉåí= ã~êâ= ëÅÜÉãÉK==qÜÉ=ëÉÅíáçåë=~êÉW= =  bñÉÅìíáîÉ=pìãã~êó=  fåíêçÇìÅíáçå=  oÉîáÉï=çÑ=íÜÉ=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó=j~å~ÖÉãÉåí=póëíÉã=  e~ò~êÇ=fÇÉåíáÑáÅ~íáçå=  oáëâ=^ëëÉëëãÉåí=  `çåÅäìëáçåë=  oÉÅçããÉåÇ~íáçåë=  ^Åíáçå=mä~å=  oÉÑÉêÉåÅÉë=L=_áÄäáçÖê~éÜó=  ^ééÉåÇáÅÉëK= = «=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VR

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

QKOKO==

j~êâáåÖ=

qÜÉ=råáí=fa=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=áë=ã~êâÉÇ=Äó=~ééêçéêá~íÉäó=èì~äáÑáÉÇ=bñ~ãáåÉêë=~ééçáåíÉÇ=Äó=kb_lpeK== `~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ãìëí=~ÅÜáÉîÉ=íÜÉ=é~ëë=ëí~åÇ~êÇ=ERMBF=áå=råáí=fa=áå=çêÇÉê=íç=ë~íáëÑó=íÜÉ=ÅêáíÉêá~=Ñçê= íÜÉ=èì~äáÑáÅ~íáçåK=

QKOKP==

^ëëÉëëãÉåí=äçÅ~íáçå=

qÜÉ= råáí= fa= ~ëëáÖåãÉåí= ãìëí= ÄÉ= Å~êêáÉÇ= çìí= áå= íÜÉ= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉÛë= çïå= ïçêâéä~ÅÉK= = tÜÉêÉ= íÜÉ= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ÇçÉë=åçí=Ü~îÉ=~ÅÅÉëë=íç=~=ëìáí~ÄäÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉI=íÜÉ=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉê=ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ=ÅçåëìäíÉÇ=íç=ÜÉäé=áå=ã~âáåÖ=~êê~åÖÉãÉåíë=Ñçê=íÜÉ=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=íç=Å~êêó=çìí=íÜÉ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=~í= ëìáí~ÄäÉ=éêÉãáëÉëK=== = `~åÇáÇ~íÉë= Çç= åçí= êÉèìáêÉ= ëìéÉêîáëáçå= ïÜÉå= Å~êêóáåÖ= çìí= íÜÉ= éê~ÅíáÅ~ä= ~ééäáÅ~íáçåI= Äìí= íÜÉ= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉ=ãìëí=ëáÖå=~=ÇÉÅä~ê~íáçå=íÜ~í=råáí=fa=áë=íÜÉáê=çïå=ïçêâK= = `~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~åÇ=ÉãéäçóÉêë=ëÜçìäÇ=ÄÉ=~ï~êÉ=íÜ~í=íÜÉ=ëí~íìë=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉéçêí=ìåÇÉêí~âÉå=íç=ÑìäÑáä=íÜÉ= êÉèìáêÉãÉåíë= çÑ= råáí= fa= áë= Ñçê= ÉÇìÅ~íáçå~ä= éìêéçëÉë= çåäóK= = fí= ÇçÉë= åçí= ÅçåëíáíìíÉ= ~å= ~ëëÉëëãÉåí=Ñçê=íÜÉ=éìêéçëÉë=çÑ=~åó=äÉÖáëä~íáçå=çê=êÉÖìä~íáçåëK=

QKOKQ==

pìÄãáëëáçå=çÑ=ÅçãéäÉíÉÇ=ïçêâ==

^ëëáÖåãÉåí= êÉéçêíë= ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ëìÄãáííÉÇ= ÄÉÑçêÉ= íÜÉ= ëÉí= ëìÄãáëëáçå= Ç~íÉ= áå= ÉáíÜÉê= j~êÅÜ= çê= pÉéíÉãÄÉêK== =

qÜÉ= ~Åíì~ä= Ç~íÉë= ïáää= ÄÉ= éìÄäáëÜÉÇ= Äó= kb_lpe= ~ååì~ääóK= = `~åÇáÇ~íÉë= áåíÉåÇáåÖ= íç= ëìÄãáí= ~å= ~ëëáÖåãÉåí=ãìëí=êÉÖáëíÉê=íÜêçìÖÜ=íÜÉáê=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=ÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉê=ìëáåÖ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=Ñçêã=~åÇ= é~óáåÖ=íÜÉ=~ééêçéêá~íÉ=ÑÉÉK=lå=êÉÖáëíê~íáçå=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=ïáää=êÉÅÉáîÉ=~=ëìÄãáëëáçå=Ñçêã=ïÜáÅÜ=ãìëí= ~ÅÅçãé~åó=íÜÉ=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=êÉéçêíK= = ^ëëáÖåãÉåíë= ãìëí= ÄÉ= ëìÄãáííÉÇ= ÇáêÉÅíäó= íç= kb_lpeK= = qÜÉó= ëÜçìäÇ= ÄÉ= ëÉåí= Äó= oçó~ä= j~áä= péÉÅá~ä= aÉäáîÉêó=çê=~=ÅçìêáÉê=ëÉêîáÅÉ=íÜ~í=éêçîáÇÉë=~=íê~ÅâJÄ~Åâ=Ñ~Åáäáíó=EíÜáë=áë=~=åÉñí=Ç~ó=Öì~ê~åíÉÉÇ=ÇÉäáîÉêó= ëÉêîáÅÉFK==c~áäìêÉ=íç=ìëÉ=ëìÅÜ=~=ëÉêîáÅÉ=ÅäçëÉ=íç=íÜÉ=ÅäçëáåÖ=Ç~íÉ=ã~ó=êÉëìäí=áå=~êêáî~ä=~ÑíÉê=íÜÉ=ÅäçëáåÖ= Ç~íÉ=~åÇ=êÉàÉÅíáçå=çÑ=íÜÉ=~ëëáÖåãÉåíK= =

`~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~êÉ=ëíêçåÖäó=~ÇîáëÉÇ=íç=âÉÉé=~=Åçéó=çÑ=íÜÉáê=~ëëáÖåãÉåí=êÉéçêíK= =

kç= êÉÑìåÇ= çÑ= ÑÉÉë= ïáää= ÄÉ= ã~ÇÉ= áå= Å~ëÉë= ïÜÉêÉ= ~ëëáÖåãÉåíë= ~êÉ= êÉàÉÅíÉÇ= çê= ïÜÉêÉ= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë= êÉÖáëíÉê=Äìí=Ñ~áä=íç=ëìÄãáíK=

QKOKR==

cìêíÜÉê=áåÑçêã~íáçå=

cìêíÜÉê=ÇÉí~áäÉÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=êÉÖ~êÇáåÖ=råáí=fa=áåÅäìÇáåÖ=Ñçêãë=~åÇ=ã~êâ=ëÅÜÉãÉë=Å~å=ÄÉ=ÑçìåÇ= áå=~=ëÉé~ê~íÉ=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ=ÇçÅìãÉåí=Ñçê=Å~åÇáÇ~íÉë=~åÇ=~ÅÅêÉÇáíÉÇ=KÅçìêëÉ=éêçîáÇÉêë=~î~áä~ÄäÉ=Ñêçã= íÜÉ=kb_lpe=ïÉÄëáíÉ=EïïïKåÉÄçëÜKçêÖKìâFW=“råáí=fa=^ëëáÖåãÉåí=ÖìáÇ~åÅÉ=~åÇ=áåÑçêã~íáçå=Ñçê= Å~åÇáÇ~íÉëÛÛ= =

= =

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VS

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= =

RK=

p~ãéäÉ=Éñ~ãáå~íáçå=èìÉëíáçå=é~éÉêë=

= RKN= råáí=f^W=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=ÜÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=ë~ÑÉíó= = THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

NEBOSH INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMA IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY Unit IA: INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY [DATE] 3 hours, 0930 to 1230 10 minutes reading time is allowed before the start of this examination. You may not write anything during this period.

Answer both Section A and Section B

SECTION A This section contains six questions. Answer ALL SIX questions. All questions carry equal marks. The maximum marks for each question, or part of a question, are shown in brackets. You are advised to spend about 15 minutes on each question. Start each answer on a new page.

1

(a)

(b)

2

Giving reasons in EACH case, identify FIVE persons` who could be interviewed to provide information for an investigation into a workplace accident.

(5)

Outline the issues to consider when preparing the accident investigation interviews for workers from within the organisation.

(5)

Outline ways in which a health and safety practitioner could evaluate and develop their own competence.

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VT

(10)

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 3

4

Outline, with appropriate examples, the key features of the following risk management concepts: (a)

risk avoidance;

(2)

(b)

risk reduction;

(2)

(c)

risk transfer;

(3)

(d)

risk retention.

(3)

(a)

Outline the site operator requirements for emergency planning and procedures within the International Labour Organisation Convention C174 ‘Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents’ 1993.

(6)

(b)

As part of the on-site emergency planning process, a large manufacturing site intends to provide information to the external emergency services. Outline the types of information that the site should consider providing to the ambulance service.

5

6

(4)

Outline, with examples, the benefits and limitations of: (a)

prescriptive legislation;

(5)

(b)

goal setting legislation.

(5)

(a)

Give the meaning of the term ‘motivation’.

(2)

(b)

Outline, with an example in EACH case, how workers can be motivated to behave in a positive way.

(8)

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VU

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

SECTION B This section contains five questions. Answer THREE questions only. All questions carry equal marks. The maximum marks for each question, or part of a question, are shown in brackets. You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each question. Start each answer on a new page.

7

(a)

(b)

Outline the principles, application and limitations of Event Tree Analysis as a risk assessment technique. A mainframe computer suite has a protective system to limit the effects of fire. The system comprises a smoke detector connected by a power supply to a mechanism for releasing extinguishing gas. It has been estimated that a fire will occur once every 5 years (f=0.2/year). Reliability data for the system components are as follows: Component Detector Power supply Extinguishing gas release mechanism (i)

(ii)

8

(a)

(6)

Reliability 0.90 0.99 0.95

Construct an event tree for the above scenario to calculate the frequency of an uncontrolled fire in the computer suite. Suggest ways in which the reliability of the system could be improved.

(10)

(4)

Explain the objectives of: (i) (ii)

active health and safety monitoring; reactive health and safety monitoring.

(5) (5)

(b)

Outline FIVE active health and safety monitoring methods.

(5)

(c)

Outline FIVE reactive health and safety monitoring methods.

(5)

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

VV

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 9

(a)

(b)

10

(i)

corporate probation;

(2)

(ii)

adverse publicity orders;

(2)

(iii)

punitive damages.

(3)

Outline how the International Labour Organisation can influence health and safety standards in different countries.

(7)

(c)

Outline how legislation may improve health and safety.

(6)

(a)

Outline the meaning of ‘skill based’, ‘rule based’ AND ‘knowledge based’ behaviour.

(6)

(b)

11

In relation to the improvement of health and safety within companies, describe what is meant by:

With reference to practical examples or actual incidents, explain how EACH of these types of operating behaviour can cause human error AND, in EACH case, explain how human error can be prevented.

(a)

Give the meaning of the term ‘health and safety culture’.

(b)

Outline the role of an organisation in the development of a positive health and safety culture.

(c)

Identify ways of measuring the effectiveness of a health and safety culture.

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NMM

(14)

(2)

(12)

(6)

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

RKO= råáí=f_W= = = = = = =

fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ã~å~ÖÉãÉåí=çÑ=Ü~ò~êÇçìë= ~ÖÉåíë=áå=íÜÉ=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=

THE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

NEBOSH INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMA IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY UNIT IB: INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF WORKPLACE HAZARDS [DATE] 3 hours, 0930 to 1230 10 minutes reading time is allowed before the start of this examination. You may not write anything during this period.

Answer both Section A and Section B

SECTION A This section contains six questions. Answer ALL SIX questions. All questions carry equal marks. The maximum marks for each question, or part of a question, are shown in brackets. You are advised to spend about 15 minutes on each question. Start each answer on a new page.

1

Workers in a chemical plant are provided with gloves to protect against the possible effects of the chemicals. In recent months, there has been an increase in the number of hand and lower arm skin complaints amongst these workers. Outline possible reasons for this increase in skin complaints.

2

(a)

(b)

Identify the way in which lasers are classified according to their hazard.

(10)

(2)

Low power lasers are widely used to read bar-code labelled products at checkouts in retail premises. Outline: (ii) (ii)

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

the design features; the procedural controls

NMN

(4) (4)

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= that should be in place for the safe operation and maintenance of the equipment. 3

(a)

(b)

Outline the following toxicological terms: (i)

LD 50;

(2)

(ii)

LC 50.

(2)

(i)

Outline the toxicity test known as the fixed dose procedure.

(4)

Outline the possible reasons why the fixed dose procedure has replaced previous methods that estimated LD 50.

(2)

(ii)

4

Workers on a food production line have to pick up rectangles of pasta from a delivery conveyor and place them into trays on a separate conveyor. This involves 8 hour shifts and is carried out standing in front of the conveyors. Following complaints from a number of workers about pains in their arms and shoulders, you have been asked to carry out an ergonomic assessment for this operation. (a)

(b)

5

(a)

(b)

(c)

Outline the ergonomic risk factors to be taken into account when making such an assessment AND outline how these may be contributing to the problems experienced by the workers in this situation.

(5)

Total automation of the process is not possible. Outline other control measures that could be taken to reduce the ill-health effects being experienced by the workers.

(5)

Outline why it is important to measure transport (duct) velocity when assessing the efficiency of a local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system.

(2)

Outline the methods that can be used to measure transport velocity in an LEV system.

(5)

Identify other measurements that can be used to determine if the LEV system is working as designed.

(3)

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NMO

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 6

(a)

(b)

Outline the health effects associated with the Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

(3)

Outline control measures to protect against occupational exposure to the virus.

(7)

SECTION B This section contains five questions. Answer THREE questions only. All questions carry equal marks. The maximum marks for each question, or part of a question, are shown in brackets. You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each question. Start each answer on a new page.

7

A small motor vehicle repair workshop uses paints known to contain isocyanates. (a)

Outline the health effects from exposure to isocyanates.

(3)

(b)

Outline the factors to consider when assessing the risks arising from using these paints.

(7)

(c)

8

9

Outline the practical measures to control exposure to the isocyanates when spray painting the vehicles in the workshop.

You are a health and safety advisor to a bus operating company. You have been asked to prepare a company policy on drug misuse. Outline key points the policy should include.

(10)

(20)

(a)

Explain the meaning of the term ‘toxicity’.

(2)

(b)

Describe the physical characteristics of asbestos and give TWO occupational examples where it is likely to be encountered.

(4)

Outline the diseases caused by exposure to asbestos AND their signs and symptoms.

(7)

(c)

(d)

Outline the equipment and method that should be used to determine the level of asbestos fibres in the air in the workplace.

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NMP

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 10

A distribution company employs 300 workers as drivers, warehouse operatives and office staff, processing telephone and internet orders. (a)

(b)

Identify the possible functions of this company’s occupational health department: (i)

when recruiting new workers;

(4)

(ii)

when a worker returns to work after ill-health.

(5)

Outline other ways in which the occupational health department can assist the management team to improve health and safety within this organisation.

(11)

(You do not need to consider those functions you have already addressed in part a).

11

A motorcycle courier is exposed to high levels of noise and vibration as he rides his motorcycle. The vibration originates in the engine and wheels and is transmitted to the rider through the vehicle seat, handlebars and foot pegs. The high noise level arises mainly from wind turbulence around the rider’s crash helmet. (a)

(b)

(c)

Outline the ill-health symptoms related to noise and vibration that the rider is likely to experience from prolonged and repeated riding.

(4)

Outline how you might assess: (i)

the noise level experienced by the rider;

(4)

(ii)

the level of vibration experienced by the rider.

(4)

Outline the range of practical measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of ill-health effects to the driver.

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NMQ

(8)

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

RKP= råáí=f`W= == = = = = =

fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=ïçêâéä~ÅÉ=~åÇ=ïçêâ=ÉèìáéãÉåí= ë~ÑÉíó=

THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION BOARD IN OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

NEBOSH INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMA IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY UNIT IC: INTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT SAFETY

WORKPLACE

AND

WORK

[DATE] 3 hours, 0930 to 1230 10 minutes reading time is allowed before the start of this examination. You may not write anything during this period.

Answer both Section A and Section B

SECTION A This section contains six questions. Answer ALL SIX questions. All questions carry equal marks. The maximum marks for each question, or part of a question, are shown in brackets. You are advised to spend about 15 minutes on each question. Start each answer on a new page.

1

A sewage drain has collapsed and it is necessary to inspect the damage prior to its repair. The inspection requires entry into a confined space 10 metres deep. Outline the possible risks to those entering the sewer.

2

Outline what should be considered when preparing a scheme for the systematic examination, testing and maintenance of portable electrical appliances. (10)

3

Members of the public have been injured when collecting baggage from a baggage conveyor at an airport. (a)

Identify typical mechanical hazards when the conveyor is in use.

(b)

Outline the control measures that should be in place to reduce the risk of injury from the mechanical hazards.

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NMR

(10)

(4)

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF= 4

Environmental pollution is a major concern in many industrial processes. A number of alternative strategies are available to organisations to manage these risks. Give the meaning of:

5

(a)

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC);

(4)

(b)

Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO);

(3)

(c)

Best Available Techniques (BAT).

(3)

A motor vehicle repair workshop has installed a new electrically powered, compressed air system. Outline the factors to be considered in developing a suitable planned preventative maintenance programme.

6

(10)

A diesel engine is being used to power a machine in a potentially flammable atmosphere. (a)

Identify the sources of ignition from the diesel engine.

(4)

(b)

Outline the protection that should be applied to the engine to minimise the risk of an explosion.

(6)

SECTION B This section contains five questions. Answer THREE questions only. All questions carry equal marks. The maximum marks for each question, or part of a question, are shown in brackets. You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each question. Start each answer on a new page.

7

For a large supermarket with restaurant facilities: (a)

(b)

outline the automatic fire protection systems that should be in place;

(6)

outline the factors to be considered when developing a safe means of escape for the supermarket.

(14)

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NMS

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

8

An external lift on a construction site has an interlocked guard to prevent the lift operating when the gate is open. With reference to the diagram: (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

9

identify the two types of switch shown (Switch A AND Switch B);

(2)

identify the functional components associated with BOTH switches;

(4)

outline the normal sequence of operation for the electricallyoperated, cam-activated switch assembly when the gate opens and closes;

(6)

outline ways in which electrically-operated, cam-activated switches may fail to operate as intended.

(8)

A small company manufactures products using electro-chemical processes. The company has poor general standards of health and safety, made worse by the presence of conductive and corrosive fluids and humid, corrosive atmospheres. (a)

(b)

Describe the types of fault that may be found under such conditions in a fixed electrical system.

(10)

Outline the technical information a competent electrician would require before conducting an inspection of a fixed electrical system.

(10)

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NMT

kb_lpe=fåíÉêå~íáçå~ä=aáéäçã~=áå=lÅÅìé~íáçå~ä=eÉ~äíÜ=~åÇ=p~ÑÉíó= =E^ìÖìëí=OMNN=ëéÉÅáÑáÅ~íáçåF=

10

The International Labour Organisation’s Standard R175 and its associated Code of Practice sets out general principles for ‘Safety and Health in Construction’. Minor repairs need to be carried out to the sloping roof of a large twostorey property. A scaffold is to be erected in order to gain access to the work area.

11

Using the guidance in R175, outline the precautions necessary for carrying out the repairs.

(20)

Outline the factors to consider with respect to the design, construction and use of a storeroom that is to be used for the storage of bulk stocks of palletised containers

(20)

«=kb_lpe=OMNN=

NMU

The National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health Dominus Way Meridian Business Park Leicester LE19 1QW telephone +44 (0)116 2634700 fax +44 (0)116 2824000 email [email protected] www.nebosh.org.uk

View more...

Comments

Copyright ©2017 KUPDF Inc.
SUPPORT KUPDF