O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Cgrnmsn
Enh` Ba`mmuzza Hgitgr` nm Ianmia`s Puïoai`s, I`tnhràtai` nm Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e, C`iuet`h hn Ianmia`s Nx`it`s, ^mavnrsah`h M`iagm`e hn E` Ve`t`. Amvnstab`hgr` hne IGMAINX.
Euas @ejnrtg Cnrr`ra Hgitgr Puïoaig y Eai. Nm Ianmia`s C`ro`iáutai`s. Dncn hne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` Yuprno` Igrtn hn Dustaia` hn Junmgs @arns. I`tnhràtaig nm Puïoai` Cgrnmsn nm e` ^mavnrsah`h hn Ogrùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
IGE@JGZ@HGZNY4 Eai. Oara`o B. @r`hg. Hr. H`rïg @mhramgeg Eai.I`regs K. Igeàmbneg Jagq. @mbnens hn Irastgc`mg Eai. @mtgmag Cgrtn Jagq. S`enmtam` B`rrgtn Jagq. Oùmai` Ogeam`s Hr. Zghgecg Z.Mantg Jagq. Irasta`m Geavnr Jagq. Cnrm`mhg Z`amgeha Jagq. @mïj`e Z`ogs Hr`. O`jne Xgo`s
Enh` Ba`mmuzza-Euas @ejnrtg Cnrr`ra A.Y.J.M. 1;2-6>-6082-; Punh` knikg ne hnpùsatg qun amhai` e` Eny 00:29. Nhatgra`e Vr`a`® Ogrùm, Junmgs @arns, :663
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
VZÙEGBG ―Amonms` ns e` br`ia` pghnrgs` qun rnsahn nm Kanrj`s, pe`mt`s, panhr`s y sus sus r`r`s iu`eah`hns< Vgrqun mg nxastn nm e` tanrr` m`h` t`m vae, qun mg ramh` ` e` tanrr` `ebôm jnmncaiag nspnia`e‟ Zgong y Dueant`, @it.AA, @it.AA, AAA. R. Yk`lnspn`rn Yk`lnspn`rn
Igm ne nspnit`iue`r `v`min nm e`s ianmia`s jàsai`s qun sustnmt`m ` e` Xgxaigegbï`, nspnia`eonmtn `qunee`s rne`iagm`h`s igm egs oátghgs amstruonmt`ens iu`eat`tavgs y iu`mtat`tavgs hn `et` pnrcgro`min, mgs p`rniaù mnins`rag igminjar um eajrg qun amieuynr` e`s prunj`s utaeaz`h`s igm o`ygr `sahuah`h nm nm um e`jgr`tgrag tgxaigeùbaig tgxaigeùbaig ieïmaig, cgrnmsn y/g iraoam`eïstaig. Ns igoôm nm ást` o`tnra` qun egs o`mu`ens g igopnm igopnmhags hags ` egs qun nst`ogs k`jatu`hgs igmsuet`r igmsuet`r goat`m g hnsiraj`m igm nxinsav` jrnvnh`h egs prginhaoanmtgs `m`eïtaigs, eaoatàmhgsn ` snð`e`r rncnrnmia`s jajeagbràcai`s qun hno`mh`rï`m tanopg y nscunrzg nm `hquarare`s n amtnrprnt`re`s. Nm nst` igmtrajuiaùm knogs punstg ouikg ámc`sas nm e` hnsirapiaùm hnt`ee`h` hn táimai`s, p`sg pgr p`sg p`r` e` ndniuiaùm hn e`s havnrs`s prunj`s, qun surbnm hn pujeai`iagmns rnianmtns y qun, eg oàs aopgrt`mtn, knogs pghahg o`ygronmtn pgmnre`s nm pràitai` nm munstr` e`jgr igtaha`m`. Igm neeg, irnnogs pghnr `pgrt`r `e `euom`hg y igenb`s qun amiursagmnm pgr nst` hasiapeam` munstr` prgpa` nxpnranmia` y vasaùm hn e`s tái táimai`s mai`s ` qun kk`rnogs `rnogs rncnrnmia`. @ebumgs i`pïtuegs, igog hrgb`s hn usg amhnjahg nm pneg, ont`ens pns`hgs, y rnstgs hn hnce`br`iaùm hn pùevgr`s nmtrn gtrgs, gtrgs, igmtanmnm amtrghuiiagm amtrghuiiagmns ns tnùrai`s um t`mtg nxtnms`s, nxtnms`s, igm ne gjdntg qun ne enitgr sn c`oaea`rain igm egs pramiapags nm egs qun sn sustnmt` e` pràitai` ` e` qun sn rncnrarà pgstnragronmtn y um` ondgr enitur` hn egs rnsuet`hgs táimaigs. Vgr gtrg e`hg, nstgs i`pïtuegs amieuynm amieuynm
ontghgegbï`s n amtnrprnt`iagmn amtnrprnt`iagmnss j`st`mtn j`st`mtn mgvnhgs`s mgvnhgs`s pgr snr hn rnianmtn
`peai`iaùm nm munstrg onhag. Knogs amtnmt`hg jramh`rens oátghgs qun iuope`m um iratnrag hn `etg nstàmh`r iu`eat`tavg nm iu`mtg ` snmsajaeah`h, snmsajaeah`h, rnprghuiajaeah`h, igmca`jaeah`h, prniasaùm y nigmgoï`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Yn nspnr` qun ást` pujeai`iaùm punh` snr utaeaz`h` igm camns hahàitaigs y `saoasog igog buï` y eajrg hn igmsuet` p`r` prgcnsagm`ens y nstuha`mtns. Punrnogs hnst`i`r e`s igmtrajuiagmns hn munstrgs o`nstrgs y igenb`s p`r` nmraquninr ne o`mu`e. @br`hninrnogs iu`equanr irïtai` g subnrnmia` qun mgs pnroat` ondgr`r e` gjr`. Enh` Ba`mmuzza y Euas @ejnrtg Cnrr`ra Gitujrn hn :663
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ïmhain I`pïtueg 04 @spnitgs hn snburah`h nm ne e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï`. @utgr4 Hr`. Enh` Ba`mmuzza. I`pïtueg :4 Znigeniiaùm y `eo`inm`oanmtg hn e`s ounstr`s nm ne e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` ieïmai` y nm ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig cgrnmsn4 @utgr4 Hr. Euas @. Cnrr`ra. I`pïtueg 94 Xgxaigegbï` @m`eïtai`. @utgrns4 Jagq. @mbnens hn Irastgc`mg, Hr. Enh` Enh` Ba`mmuzza, Jagq. Irasta`m Geavnr. I`pïtueg 84 Xùxaigs Sgeàtaens y B`sngsgs. @utgrns4 Hr`. O`jne Xgo`s, Hr`. Enh` Ba`mmuzza Ba`mmuzza y Hr. Euas @. Cnrr`ra I`pïtueg >4 @jusg hn sust`mia`s vgeàtaens @utgr4 Jagq.Irasta`m Geavnr. I`pïtueg 34 Hntniiaùm hn sust`mia`s mg pnroatah`s nm i`j`eegs hn i`rrnr` YVI (Y`mbrn Vur` hn I`rrnr`) y @X (@onrai`m Xrgtnrs). @utgrns4 Jagq. @mbnens hn Irastgc`mg, Irastgc`mg, Jagq. @mïj`e Z`ogs. I`pïtueg 24 Vnstaiah`s @utgr4 Jagq.Irasta`m Geavnr. I`pïtueg ;4 Xùxaigs Ontàeaigs. @utgrns4 Jagq. Cnrm`mhg Z`amgeha, Hr`. Enh` Ba`mmuzza, Ba`mmuzza, Jagq. Irasta`m Geavnr I`pïtueg 14 Nstuhag hn rnstgs hn hnce`br`iaùm hn pùevgr`s pgr oátghgs quïoaigs n amstruonmt`ens. @utgr4 Hr. Euas @. Cnrr`ra. I`pïtueg 064 O`mik`s knoàtai`s. @utgr4 Hr. Zghgecg Mantg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg 004 O`mik`s hn snonm. @utgr4 Hr. Zghgecg Mantg. I`pïtueg 0:4 Hgiuonmtgs Iunstagm`hgs. @utgr4 Jagq. S`enmtam` B`rrgtn, Eai. @mtgmag Cgrtn. I`pïtueg 094 Caigtgxam`s. @utgr4 Hr. H`rïg @mhramgeg. I`pïtueg 084 Oaigtgxam`s. @utgr4 Jagq. Oùmai` Ogeam`s. I`pïtueg 0>4 Ne pneg igog o`traz p`r` e` jôsqunh` hn Hrgb`s hn ^sg Amhnjahg. @utgr4 Eai. Pi`. Oara`o @r`hg. I`pïtueg 034 Amvnstab`iaùm hn Hrgb`s hn @jusg y Yust`mia`s hn Igrtn. @utgr4 Hr. Euas @. Cnrr`ra I`pïtueg 024 Nspnitrgcgtgontrï` hn @jsgriaùm @tùoai`. @utgr4 Eai. Pig. I`regs Igeàmbneg.
Nhatgrns4 Enh` Ba`mmuzza ’ Euas @. Cnrr`ra. E` amcgro`iaùm igmsabm`h` nm i`h` i`pïtueg ns hn prghuiiaùm, gpamaùm y rnspgms`jaeah`h hn egs `utgrns onmiagm`hgs ` igmtamu`iaùm hne tïtueg hne i`pïtueg. Egs nhatgrns mg sn k`inm rnspgms`jens pgr ne igmtnmahg u grabam`eah`h hn egs oasogs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg 04 @spnitgs hn snburah`h nm ne e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï`. tgxaigegbï`. @utgr4 Hr`. Enh` Ba`mmuzza. Vrgcnsgr` @hdumt` hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^mavnrsah`h M`iagm`e hn E` Ve`t`. Ve`t`.
Amtrghuiiaùm. Egs `màeasas eenv`hgs ` i`jg nm um e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` nopen`m igopunstgs quïoaigs hn v`ra`h` tgxaiah`h. Ne ransbg qun aopeai` su o`mndg mg sanoprn ns rnigmgiahg pgr eg gpnr`hgrns. Ya janm sgm muonrgs`s e`s prni`uiagmns qun egs `m`east`s hnjnm tnmnr nm iunmt`, igog pgr ndnopeg e` nv`pgr`iaùm hn sgevnmtns grbàmaigs sgjrn j`ðg hn `bu` g pe`mik` i`enc`itgr` y mumi` sgjrn ee`o` harnit`, mg tghgs egs e`jgr`tgrags tanmnm amigrpgr`hg nm su rutam` e` mninsah`h hn nopen`r um` i`op`m` hn nxtr`iiaùm hn b`sns iu`mhg sn tr`j`d` igm sust`mia`s igrrgsav`s g sgevnmtns vgeàtaens, igog ne i`sg onmiagm`hg `mtnragronmtn g igog suinhn hur`mtn ne rnvne`hg vasu`e hn e`s pe`i`s irgo`tgbràcai`s (XEI). Gtrg ndnopeg eg igmstatuyn e` o`mapue`iaùm hn àiahgs y j`sns. Yn s`jn qun `e prnp`r`r sgeuiagmns haeuah`s, nst`s sust`mia`s hnjnm snr `brnb`h`s `e `bu` hnstae`h` y mumi` nm cgro` amvnrs`. Yam noj`rbg, mg sanoprn sn tanmn nm iunmt` e` mninsah`h hn `eo`inm`r àiahgs y j`sns nm eub`rns snp`r`hgs y mumi` nm eub`rns nenv`hgs. Br`m p`rtn hn e`s ounstr`s `m`eaz`h`s sgm hn grabnm jageùbaig. Znsuet` ouy pgsajen qun e`s oaso`s sn`m pgrt`hgr`s hn `bnmtns amcniiagsgs, p`rtaiue`ronmtn hne varus hn amoumghncaianmia` kuo`m` `hquarah` y hn e`s knp`tatas var`ens J g I. Nstg gjeab` ` igmsahnr`r ` tgh`s e`s ounstr`s igog pgtnmia`eonmtn pneabrgs`s y ` o`mapue`re`s igm suog iuah`hg, hnshn su gjtnmiaùm k`st` su hnsnikg cam`e. Ne tr`j`dg nm ne e`jgr`tgrag hnjn rn`eaz`rsn rnspnt`mhg mgro`s n amhai`iagmns qun b`r`mtainm e` amtnbrah`h y snburah`h hn e`s pnrsgm`s y egs janmns amvgeuir`hgs nm e` t`rn`. Nxastn nxinenmtn jajeagbr`cï` sgjrn egs `spnitgs hn snburah`h nm um e`jgr`tgrag y nm p`rtaiue`r nm umg hn tgxaigegbï`, pgr eg iu`e ne prnsnmtn i`pïtueg prnsnmt` egs prgjeno`s o`s crniunmtns qun punhnm giurrar hur`mtn ne tr`j`dg ha`rag hn um e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` `inri` hn e` o`mapue`iaùm hn sust`mia`s quïoai`s, sgevnmtns, àiahgs, ounstr`s jageùbai`s nti. Nstn i`pïtueg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. pgmn ámc`sas nm e`s p`ut`s hn tr`j`dg o`s snbur`s qun hnjnm `peai`rsn nstrait`onmtn p`r` hasoamuar egs ransbgs hn `iiahnmtns.
0. Vrni`uiagmns bnmnr`ens. Xghg ne pnrsgm`e hne e`jgr`tgrag hnjn nst`r `hniu`h`onmtn nmtrnm`hg rnspnitg hn e`s mgro`s hn snburah`h. Xgh`s e`s amstruiiagmns sgjrn cgro`s hn o`mapue`iaùm y haspgsaiaùm cam`e hn e`s ounstr`s jageùbai`s, sgevnmtns grbàmaigs y gtr`s sust`mia`s pneabrgs`s hnjnm prnsnmt`rsn nm cgro` nsirat`, nm e` cgro` hn um o`mu`e hn prg prginhaoanmtgs inhaoanmtgs gpnr`tavgs. gpnr`tavgs. Ns cumh`onmt`e qun tghg ne pnrsgm`e `hoamastr`tavg, táimaig y hn o`nstr`mz` hne e`jgr`tgrag, igmgzi`, rniunrhn, utaeain y k`b` iuopear nst`s rnbe`s igog um` cgro` ncai`z hn hns`rrgee`r um` t`rn` snbur` p`r` ne gpnr`hgr y su nmtgrmg. E`s rnbe`s o`s aopgrt`mtns nm um e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` sn rnsuonm ` igmtamu`iaùm4 0.0 V`ut`s bnmnr`ens sgjrn ne iuah`hg pnrsgm`e.
`) Mg cuo`r, igonr, jnjnr ma `eo`inm`r `eaonmtgs g jnjah`s nm ne e`jgr`tgrag. j) ^taeaz`r bu`mtns hnsi`rt`jens (eàtnx g vamïeaigs) p`r` o`mnd`r e`s ounstr`s jageùbai`s (sunrg, s`mbrn, gram` u gtrgs ceuahgs jageùbaigs) y sust`mia`s quïoai`s. E`v`rsn e`s o`mgs igm `jumh`mtn `bu` y d`jùm cam`eaz`h` e` t`rn`. i) ^taeaz`r sanoprn bu`rh`pgevg hnmtrg hne e`jgr`tgrag, ne qun hnjn s`i`rsn nm ne ogonmtg hn rntar`rsn hne oasog. Mg utaeaz`r `jrabgs sgjrn nstn hnjahg ` qun sn neaoam` su cumiaùm prgtnitgr`. Mg tr`mscnrar ne bu`rh`pgevg `e kgb`r hnmtrg hn jgesgs g ogikae`s, samg hnmtrg hn um` jges` peàstai`. h) ^taeaz`r `mtngdgs hn snburah`h y oàsi`r` prgtnitgr` hn m`raz y jgi` p`r` ne o`mapueng hn ounstr`s qun punh`m prghuiar s`epai`hur`s, o`tnra`e p`rtaiue`hg, prgyniiagmns g eajnr`r b`sns qun `rr`strnm ne o`tnra`e sùeahg. n) Mumi` papnt`r igm e` jgi`. Nopen`r prgpapnt`s g pnr`s hn bgo` p`r` i`rb`r e`s ounstr`s. ^taeaz`r papnt`s `utgoàtai`s igm taps hnsi`rt`jens p`r` i`rb`r e`s ounstr`s. c) ^s`r ne i`jneeg rnigbahg hur`mtn ne tr`j`dg h`hg qun punhn tnmnr `iiahnmtns nm i`sg hn nst`r inri` hne cunbg. Nm i`sg hn tnmnr ne pneg oàs e`rbg hn egs kgojrgs igegi`reg hnmtrg hne bu`rh`pgevg b) Mg o`quaee`rsn nm ne e`jgr`tgrag. k) ^s`r i`ez`hg `prgpa`hg, sanoprn inrr`hg (mg utaeaz`r s`mh`ea`s). 0.: Ygjrn ne e`jgr`tgrag.
`) ^s`r i`op`m`s hn nxtr`iiaùm hn b`sns.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. j) Hnsi`rt`r sanoprn e`s `bud`s nm hnsi`rt`hgs pgrtàtae hn p`rnhns aopnron`jens rnsastnmtn ` i) `hgr pnroatn rntar`r e` `bud` hn e` dnramb` igm um saopen ogvanmhg nvat`mhg tgi`r e` `bud`. Mg hnjn nmi`puik`rsn munv`onmtn e`s `bud`s ma rntar`re`s igm e` o`mg. h) Nm ne i`sg hn nopen`r e` inmtracub`iaùm, egs tujgs hnjnm nst`r inrr`hgs p`r` nvat`r egs ransbgs hn nxpegsaùm pgr abmaiaùm hne v`pgr hne sgevnmtn `sï igog egs ransbgs `sgia`hgs igm e` cgro`iaùm hn `nrgsgens hur`mtn e` inmtracub`iaùm hn um o`tnra`e qun punhn snr amcniiagsg g tùxaig. Mg hnjn `jrarsn e` inmtrïcub` nm ogvaoanmtg, ma crnm`rsn o`mu`eonmtn< punhn iujrarsn e` t`p` igm p`pne `jsgrjnmtn kuonhniahg nm hnsamcnit`mtn. n) Znp`s`r ons`h`s hn tr`j`dg igm e`v`mham` 06% rnianmtnonmtn prnp`r`h` `mtns y hnspuás hn cam`eaz`h` e`s t`rn`s.
0.: Vrni`uiagmns nm um e`jgr`tgrag jageùbaig. Nxastnm ianrt`s prni`uiagmns jàsai`s qun hnjnm gjsnrv`rsn nm um e`jgr`tgrag qun tr`j`d` igm ounstr`s jageùbai`s. Nst`s sn rncanrnm `e iuah`hg qun hnjn tnmnrsn igm e`s ounstr`s rnspnitg ` nvat`r igmt`bags hn nmcnronh`hns pgr p`rtn hne gpnr`hgr y gtr`s rncnrah`s ` su hnsi`rtn. Nmtrn nee`s pghnogs onmiagm`r4 0) Iuah`r qun tghgs egs rniapanmtns qun igmtanmnm ounstr`s jageùbai`s sn`m hn o`tnra`ens rnsastnmtns, pgsn`m ianrrn knroátaig, mg prnsnmtnm párhah`s g s`epai`hur`s y sn `eo`inmnm nm eub`rns snburgs. :) Xghgs egs nenonmtgs (nmv`sns, o`tnra`ens hnsi`rt`jens, `ebghgmns, p`pnens `jsgrjnmtns, dnramb` nramb`s, s, bu` bu`mtns mtns,, nti.) qun hn `ebu `ebum` m` o`m o`mnr` nr` nstu nstuvanr vanrgm gm nm igmt igmt`itg `itg igm oun ounstr`s str`s jage jageùbai ùbai`s, `s, hnjnm snr hnsi`rt`rsn nm jges`s rgd`s. Haik`s jges`s um` vnz igopent`s hnjnm igegi`rsn nm um` jges` rgd` oàs br`mhn y `eo`inm`re`s nm eub`rns snburgs, hnjah`onmtn ahnmtacai`hgs.
E`
haspgsaiaùm cam`e e` eenv` hnjn eenv`r ` i`jg um` noprns` qun sn nmi`rb` hn neeg. 9) E`s ounstr`s jageùbai`s y` prgins`h`s hnjnm hnsi`rt`rsn nm e`v`mham`. 8) E`s ounstr`s hn gram` y` prgins`h`s punhnm neaoam`rsn sam tr`t`oanmtg prnvag. >) Egs gpnr`hgrns hnjnm rniajar e`s v`ium`s v`ium`s hn e` knp`tatas @ y J. Egs `iiahnmtns nm um e`jgr`tgrag qun o`mnd` ounstr`s jageùbai`s amnvat`jenonmtn giurrnm, y ` igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm egs oàs crniunmtns y e`s p`ut`s p`r` rnonha`reg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. 0.:.0. Igmt`itg harnitg g s`epai`hur`s igm s`mbrn.
Nm i`sgs hn igmt`oam`iaùm harnit` hn pane amt`it` igm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn, hnjn prginhnrsn hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 - e`v`r igm `jumh`mtn `bu` y d`jùm, - eunbg, e`v`r igm sgeuiaùm haeuah` hn kapgiegratg hn sghag. - Nm i`sgs hn pane mg amt`it`, onojr`m`s ouigs`s, pumiaùm igm `bud`s g igrtns nm bnmnr`e sn hnjn prginhnr hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 - e`v`r igm `jumh`mtn `bu` y d`jùm, - e`v`r igm sgeuiaùm hn `bu` gxabnm`h` `e 9%, - e`v`r igm sgeuiaùm haeuah` hn kapgiegratg hn sghag. - Ya ne ambrnsg ns ` tr`vás hn e` jgi` sn hnjn rn`eaz`rsn juikns igm `jumh`mtn sgeuiaùm hn `bu` gxabnm`h` `e 9%. - Ya ne ambrnsg ns ` tr`vás hn egs gdgs, e`v`r igm `jumh`mtn sgeuiaùm casageùbai`. Zntar`r enmtns hn igmt`itg sa egs kujansn. Crnmtn ` nstgs i`sgs hnjn igoumai`rsn amonha`t`onmtn igm ne inmtrg oáhaig nspnia`eaz`hg oàs inri`mg y mgtacai`r ne `iiahnmtn ` cam hn rniajar ne tr`t`oanmtg igrrnspgmhanmtn. 0.:.:. Hnrr`ons g rgtur`s hn nmv`sns igmtnmanmhg o`tnra`e jageùbaig.
Nm i`sgs hn hnrr`ons hn eïquahgs sn hnjn `jsgrjnr ne o`tnra`e onha`mtn ne usg hn p`pne `jsgrjnmtn, us`mhg bu`mtns. V`r` ne i`sg hn o`tnra`e jageùbaig, eunbg e`v`r tgh` ne àrn` y egs nenonmtgs utaeaz`hgs igm kapgiegratg hn sghag (0406). Eunbg hnsi`rt`r tghgs egs o`tnra`ens nm jges`s rgd`s. Xghg ne prginhaoanmtg sn rn`eaz`rà nopen`mhg bu`mtns, j`rjadg y rgp`s prgtnitgr`s.
0.9 Oátghgs hn hnsigmt`oam`iaùm hne o`tnra`e jageùbaig. 0.9.0 Oátghgs quïoaigs.
Ouikgs nenonmtgs (tujgs igmtnmanmhg ounstr`s grbàmai`s, dnramb`s, nti., hnjnm hnsigmt`oam`rsn prnvag ` su hnsi`rtn. @hnoàs hnjn hnsigmt`oam`r um` zgm` hn tr`j`dg ha`ra`onmtn `mtns y hnspuás hn amaia`r e` t`rn`. Neeg sn rn`eaz` onha`mtn sgeuiaùm hn kapgiegratg hn sghag. Yam noj`rbg, mg tghgs igmginm igog sn prnp`r` igrrnit`onmtn e` sgeuiaùm y ne tanopg hn igmt`itg mnins`rag p`r` egbr`r su ncnitg. Yn rnquanrn > b. hn iegrg eajrn pgr eatrg hn sgeuiaùm p`r` egbr`r um` `hniu`h` hnsamcniiaùm. Nst`s sgeuiagmns hnjnm prnp`r`rsn ha`ra`onmtn h`hg qun panrhnm su igminmtr`iaùm igm ne tanopg. Nst` sgeuiaùm sn egbr` igm e`s sabuanmtns sgeuiagmns hn egs igopunstgs nm e`s igminmtr`iagmns amhai`h`s ` igmtamu`iaùm4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. * Kapgiegratg hn sghag (>% iegrg haspgmajen)
06% (S/S)
* Kapgiegratg hn i`eiag (26% iegrg haspgmajen)
6,2% (S/S)
* Haiegrgasgia`m Haiegrgasgia`m`tg `tg sùhaig (36% iegrg haspgmajen)
6.1% (S/S)
* Iegr`oam` X (:>% iegrg haspgmajen)
:,6% (p/S)
Ne tanopg hn igmt`itg igm ne hnsamcnit`mtn hnpnmhn hne o`tnra`e ` hnsigmt`oam`r. E`s dnramb` nramb`ss sn hnsigmt hnsigmt`oam `oam`m `m `mtns hn su hnsi`rt hnsi`rtn n igm kapgie kapgiegrat gratg g hn sghag `e 06% nm ne rniapan rniapanmtn mtn p`r` o`tnra`e igmt`oam`hg hur`mtn `e onmgs 96 oamutgs. Egs tujgs igm o`tnra`e grbàmaig g s`mbrn hnjnm suonrbarsn nm kapgiegratg hn sghag `e 06% y hnd`r nm igmt`itg `e onmgs 36 oamutgs. 0.9.: Oátghg cïsaig (Nstnraeaz`iaùm).
E` nstnraeaz`iaùm ns ne oátghg cïsaig qun hnstruyn j`itnra`, kgmbgs, env`hur`s y varus nm cgro` igopent`. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn tr`msirajnm e`s igmhaiagmns hn nstnraeaz`iaùm qun b`r`mtaz`m e` am`itav`iaùm (ounrtn) hn tghgs egs varus, j`itnra`s y nspgr`s. - Nstnraeaz`iaùm pgr v`pgr ` prnsaùm hur`mtn :6 oamutgs ` 0 `toùscnr` y 0:0´ I. - Nstnraeaz`iaùm pgr i`egr snig hur`mtn : kgr`s ` 026´ I.
0.8 Zgtur` nm e` inmtrïcub` hn tujgs igm o`tnra`e amcniiagsg. amcniiagsg. E` inmtrïcub` hnjn o`mtnmnrsn inrr`h` hur`mtn 96 oamutgs p`r` hnd`r qun egs `nrgsgens hni`mtnm. Vrgtnbnr egs gdgs igm b`c`s, bu`mtns, j`rjadg y rgp` prgtnitgr` y iujrar ne o`tnra`e hnrr`o`hg igm `ebghùm nojnjahg nm hnsamcnit`mtn hur`mtn 06 oamutgs nm um rniapanmtn p`r` nstnraeaz`r nm `utgie`vn. Zgtgr, pgrt`tujgs g tujgs qun mg punh`m nstnraeaz`rsn nm `utgie`vn sn suonrbaràm nm um hnsamcnit`mtn `prgpa`h `prgpa`hg g mg igrrgsavg.
0.> Zansbg `sgia`hg `e o`mndg hn sust`mia`s quïoai`s nm ne e`jgr`tgrag. ^m e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` hnjn nopen`r rn`itavgs hn br`hg `m`eïtaig. Egs mavnens oàxaogs hn aopurnz`s `sï igog e` cgro` igrrnit` hn `eo`inm`regs sn nmiunmtr`m bnmnr`eonmtn hnsiraptgs nm e` ntaqunt` hne nmv`sn. Nm e` ntaqunt` cabur`m e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s hn rn`itavah`h hn egs prghuitgs quïoaigs y t`ojaám e` cgro` hn o`mnd`regs. Nxastnm mgro`s qun nst`jeninm egs h`tgs hn snburah`h nm ne usg hne o`tnra`e4 Egs c`jrai`mtns hnjnm prgpgriagm`r e`s ee`o`h`s kgd`s hn snburah`h hne prghuitg quïoaig qun nm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ambeás ns OYHY (O`tnra`e Y`cnty H`t` Yknnts Hnsiraptagm) igm iu`equanr prghuitg qun sn c`jraqun. E` OYHY ns um hgiuonmtg táimaig qun igmtanmn amcgro`iaùm hnt`ee`h` `inri` hne prghuitg quïoaig igog snr4 su môonrg hn ahnmtacai`iaùm I@Y (Iknoai`e @jstr`it Ynrvain), samùmaog), ambrnhanmtns pneabrgsgs, h`tgs cïsaigs, pneabrgs hn aminmhags y nxpegsagmns, amcgro`iaùm hn ransbgs p`r` e` s`euh, prginhaoanmtgs p`r` hnrr`ons, cub`s y hnsnikgs, amcgro`iaùm hn prgtniiaùm hne pnrsgm`e, prni`uiagmns nspnia`ens y igonmt`rags. E`s pe`maee`s hn snburah`h hn e`s sust`mia`s quïoai`s punhnm snr nmigmtr`h`s nm `ebum`s hn e`s pàbam`s hn Amtnrmnt br`tuat`s, hn càiae ambrnsg y `itu`eaz`h`s hnsirajnm ` igmtamu`iaùm4 amtnrm`iagm`ens `ens hn snburah`h quïoai` • Caik`s amtnrm`iagm kttp4 //www.ot`s.ns/amsk //www.ot`s.ns/amskt/apismspm/sp`ma t/apismspm/sp`mask.kto. sk.kto.
• J`sns hn h`tgs hn igopunstgs quïoaigs XG[MNX Xgxaigegby h`t` mntwgrl kttp4//tgxmnt.meo.mak.bgv kttp4//tgxmnt.meo.mak.bgv
rne`iagm`h`s `s igm snburah`h quïoai`4 • Nmtah`hns rne`iagm`h kttp4//www.maks.bg.dp/BAMI/wnjbuahn/isamcg.ktoe kttp4//www.maks.bg.dp/BAMI/wnjb uahn/isamcg.ktoe quïoai`sNrb:666 666 • Nonrbnmia`s quïoai`sNrb: kttp4//www.ti.bi.i`/i`mu kttp4//www.ti.bi.i`/i`mutni/nrbWbou/nrb tni/nrbWbou/nrb:666Wonmu :666Wonmu.kto .kto Nxastnm ransbgs ouy snrags p`r` e`s pnrsgm`s qun tr`j`d`m nm um e`jgr`tgrag. Egs prghuitgs quïoaigs bnmnr`m aopgrt`mtns pneabrgs pgtnmia`ens p`r` e` s`euh y prnsnmt`m havnrs`s i`tnbgrï`s igog e`s qun sn hnt`ee`m ` igmtamu`iaùm. Igrrgsavgs44 prghuitgs quïoaigs hn pK onmgr ` : g o`ygr hn 0:. Egs àiahgs y j`sns sn Igrrgsavgs nmiunmtr`m nm nst` i`tnbgrï`, prgvgi`mhg e` hnstruiiaùm vasajen hn e` pane nm i`sg hn igmt`itg. Vrghuinm ensagmns nm ne tr`itg rnspar`tgrag pgr amk`e`iaùm. Yust`mia`s tùxai`s tùxai`s44 vnmnmgs, arrat`mtns y `scaxa`mtns. Mg amtnr`itô`m harnit`onmtn igm egs tndahgs pnrg amtnrcanrnm nm egs prginsgs ont`jùeaigs. Vnmntr`m `e grb`masog pgr ambnstaùm, amk`e`iaùm g `jsgriaùm iutàmn`. Nmtrn nstgs hnjnogs mgojr`r egs igopunstgs hne ia`murg qun pgr ambnstaùm g amk`e`iaùm hn àiahg ia`mkïhraig prgvgi`m amtgxai`iaùm `buh`. Vgr neeg, nstgs igopunstgs hnjnm `eo`inm`rsn j`dg ee`vn nm ne e`jgr`tgrag y nm eub`rns vnmtae`hgs. I`riamùbnmgs44 sgm igopunstgs qun prgvgi`m iàminr nm `mao`ens g snrns kuo`mgs. Egs I`riamùbnmgs prghuitgs quïoaigs rnigmgiahgs igog i`riamgbámaigs pgtnmia`ens g j`dg sgspnik` hn prgvgi`r
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. iàminr hnjnm nst`r ie`r`onmtn ntaqunt`hgs y hnjnm o`mnd`rsn nm um àrn` nspniïcai` hne e`jgr`tgrag igm nquapg prgtnitgr `hniu`hg. Ns pgsajen gjtnmnr um` east` hn egs oasogs nm ne M`tagm`e Xgxaigegby Vrgbr`o (MXV) y nm e` Amtnrm`tagm`e @bnmiy cgr Znsn`rik gm I`minr (A@ZI) Egs prghuitgs quïoaigs
outàbnmgs y
tnràtgbámaigs gi`sagm`m
`jnrr`iagmns
irgogsùoai`s g o`ecgro`iagmns igmbámat`s h`hg qun prnsnmt`m ne pgtnmia`e p`r` prgvgi`r h`ðg arrnvnrsajen g e` ounrtn hn e`s bnmnr`iagmns cutur`s. Egs prghuitgs amce`o`jens y igojustajens prnsnmt`m ransbg hn aminmhag. @hnoàs ouikgs hn neegs, sgm pneabrgsgs p`r` e` s`euh. @ebumgs ndnopegs sgm ne xaenmg, átnr ntïeaig, `intgm` y `eigkgens. Nxastn um` hacnrnmia` táimai` nmtrn egs eïquahgs amce`o`jens y igojustajens. Egs eïquahgs amce`o`jens tanmnm pumtg hn abmaiaùm amcnragr ` 36´I y egs eïquahgs igojustajens tanmnm pumtg hn abmaiaùm pgr nmiao` hn 36´I. Ne pumtg hn abmaiaùm ns e` tnopnr`tur` oàs j`d` nm e` qun sn prghuin sucaianmtn v`pgr p`r` cgro`r um` onzie` susinptajen hn abmaiaùm nm e` supnrcaian hne eïquahg. Ns mnins`ra` um` cunmtn hn i`egr (um` ikasp` neáitrai`, ikasp` nstàtai`, ee`o`) p`r` qun ne v`pgr sn nmianmh`. Ne o`ygr ransbg qun prnsnmt`m egs eïquahgs amce`o`jens g igojustajens nm ne e`jgr`tgrag ns su `eo`inm`oanmtg. Hnjnm `eo`inm`rsn nm zgm`s `end`h`s hne cunbg y nm rniapanmtns janm inrr`hgs y igm vnmtae`iaùm. Egs rn`itavgs nxpegsavgss n hnsigopgmnm igm r`pahnz y prghuinm b`sns nm nxp`msaùm eg iu`e grabam` e` nxpegsaùm. Ne àiahg pïiraig nm su cgro` irast`eam` ns nxpegsavg `e aop`itg. Egs igopunstgs rn`itavgs tanmnm nstruitur`s ogeniue`rns hn `et` rn`itavah`h. Ns prgj`jen qun sn`m gxah`mtns igm nenv`hg igmtnmahg hn gxïbnmg, igopunstgs igm brupgs rnhgx, igopunstgs qun rn`iiagm`m vagenmt`onmtn igm ne `bu` g ne `arn kôonhg, igog ùxahgs hn ont`ens `mkïhrahgs, igopunstgs pargcùraigs qun rn`iagm`m nspgmtàmn`onmtn igm ne `arn g igopunstgs qun cgro`m pnrùxahgs nm hntnroam`hg tanopg y sn tgrm`m nxpegsavgs igog ne átnr ntïeaig. E` rn`itavah`h hn egs prghuitgs quïoaigs ns um igminptg rne`iagm`hg t`mtg igm sus i`r`itnrïstai`s amtrïmsni`s hn pneabrgsah`h igog igm e`s hn sus igmhaiagmns hn o`mapue`iaùm. Hnjn prnst`rsn nspnia`e iuah`hg ` e`s sust`mia`s qun prnsnmt`m rn`iiagmns vagenmt`s igm ne `bu`, t`mtg pgr e`s rn`iiagmns nxgtároai`s qun sn prghuinm igog pgr hnsprnmhaoanmtg hn b`sns g v`pgrns amce`o`jens g tùxaigs, y` qun neeg aopeai` um` o`mapue`iaùm, `eo`inm`oanmtg y neaoam`iaùm hacnrnmia`h` hacnrnmia`h`..
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. @ebum`s hn e`s sust`mia`s qun rn`iiagm`m nm cgro` vagenmt` igm ne `bu` sgm4 àiahgs cunrtns `mkahrgs, `equaeont`ens y ont`egahns, `oahurgs, i`rjurgs, ceôgr, cgscurgs, k`egbnmurgs hn àiahg, k`egbnmurgs hn `iaeg, k`egbnmurgs amgrbàmaigs `mkïhrahgs (nxinptg `ei`eamgs), kahrùxahgs `ei`eamgs, kahrurgs, kahrurgs,
aoahurgs, ont` ont`ens ens `ei`eam `ei`eamgs, gs, ùxahgs ` `ei`eamgs, ei`eamgs, p pnrùxahgs nrùxahgs am amgrbàmaigs grbàmaigs y
saeaiaurgs. Nxastnm t`ojaám igopunstgs qun rn`iiagm`m vagenmt`onmtn igm ne `arn y punhnm bnmnr`r `e i`jg hne tanopg amce`o`iaùm nspgmtàmn`. Nm `ebumgs i`sgs punhn amceuar t`ojaám ne mavne hn e` kuonh`h hne `arn. @ebumgs ndnopegs sgm `equaeont`ens y ont`egahns, `rsam`s, kahrurgs, jgr`mgs, cgscam`s, cùscgrg je`mig, cgscurgs, ont`ens cam`onmtn havahahgs, matrurgs, xaenmgs, saeaiaurg. Gtrg `spnitg qun hnjn igmsahnr`rsn nmtrn egs iuah`hgs nm ne e`jgr`tgrag ns e` amigop`tajaeah`h nmtrn rn`itavgs. E` amigop`tajaeah`h sn rncanrn ` sust`mia`s iuy` onzie` prgvgi` rn`iiagmns nxgtároai`s puhanmhg `hnoàs noatar b`sns amce`o`jens g tùxaigs. Nstg ns nspnia`eonmtn nspnia`eonm tn aopgrt`mtn nm ne ogonmtg hn hasnð`r su `eo`inm`oanmtg.
E`s sust`mia`s àiah`s punhnm prghuiar rn`iiagmns pneabrgs`s. @sï pgr ndnopeg, e` `haiaùm hn àiahgs ` ncnitgs hn rnhuiar ne pK hn um onhag g saopenonmtn p`r` eaopanz`, hnjn rn`eaz`rsn igmgianmhg prnva`onmtn sa nxastn amigop`tajaeah`h nmtrn egs igopgmnmtns hne onhag y ne àiahg `haiagm`hg. @ oghg hn ndnopeg sn snð`e`m `ebum`s hn rn`iiagmns pneabrgs`s hn egs àiahgs4 Ne àiahg iegrkïhraig nm igmt`itg igm suecurgs, hnsprnmhn suecurg hn kahrùbnmg, igm kapgiegratg, hnsprnmhn iegrg y igm ia`murg, hnsprnmhn ia`murg hn kahrùbnmg. Ne àiahg mïtraig nm igmt`itg igmt`itg igm `ebumgs on ont`ens, t`ens, hnsprnmhn h haùxahg aùxahg hn matrùbn matrùbnmg, mg, igm àiahg cùroaig g àiahg gxàeaig hnsprnmhn, ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg y igm `eigkge ntïeaig, hnsprnmhn nt`mg. Ouik`s sust`mia`s quïoai`s punhnm cgro`r pnrùxahgs hur`mtn su `eo`inm`oanmtg. Egs pnrùxahgs, nm ianrtgs i`sgs, punhnm prgvgi`r nxpegsagmns vagenmt`s. Yu prnsnmia` sn punhn hntnit`r hn um` o`mnr` ouy snmiaee` onha`mtn e` `peai`iaùm hne tnst hn hntniiaùm hn pnrùxahgs4 ` 06 oe hn e` ounstr`, `ð`har 0 oe hn um` sgeuiaùm `iugs` `e 06% hn LA rnianmtnonmtn prnp`r`h`. Ya `p`rnin um` igegr`iaùm `o`raee` nst`jen, hnjah` ` e` eajnr`iaùm hn yghg, sn punhn h`r pgr igmcaro`h` e` prnsnmia` hn pnrùxahgs. E` `haiaùm hn `ebum`s bgt`s hn àiahg c`vgrnin e` rn`iiaùm y e` snmsajaeah`h punhn ondgr`rsn nxtr`ynmhg e` sgeuiaùm `iugs` igm 0 oe hn tntr`iegrurg hn i`rjgmg y bgt`s hn `eoahùm. Ne `eoahùm prghuin um igopendg vageàing nm e` c`sn grbàmai`. E` c`et` hn igegr`iaùm hn hnjn jn igmsahnr`rs igmsahnr`rsn n igog prunj` mnb`tav` mnb`tav`..
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nmtrn egs igopunstgs qun sunenm prghuiar pnrùxahgs nm cgro` nspgmtàmn` pghnogs mgojr`r4 igopunstgs `eïeaigs, igopunstgs haámaigs, igopunstgs asgprgpïeaigs, igopunstgs vamae`intaeámaigs, igopunstgs vamïeaigs, iuonmg, nstarnmg, tntr`kahrgm`ct`enmgs, átnrns, k`eg`equnmgs, k`eg`equnmg s, M-`equae` M-`equae`oah`s, oah`s, urn`s. @ebum`s sust`mia`s quïoai`s prnsnmtns nm cgro` hn ogmùonrgs punhnm pgeaonraz`rsn ràpah`onmtn prgvgi`mhg um` nxpegsaùm g rgtur` hn egs cr`sigs. Nmtrn nstgs punhnm iat`rsn `int`tg hn vamaeg, `irgenïm`, `iraegmatraeg, 0,9-jut`hanmg, ùxahg hn ntaenmg, nstarnmg, nti. E` pgeaonraz`iaùm punhn tnmnr eub`r pgr saopen nxpgsaiaùm ` e` euz, i`enmt`oanmtg, prnsnmia` hn aopurnz`s àiah`s g ontàeai`s, ikgquns, nti. Ne `eo`inm`oanmtg hn ogmùonrgs hnjn rn`eaz`rsn nm pnqunð`s i`mtah`hns, igmtnmanmhg nst`jaeaz`hgrns g amkajahgrns hn pgeaonraz`iaùm y endgs hn prghuitgs susinptajens hn eajnr`r tr`z`s hn àiahgs y j`sns. Nxastn e` pgsajaeah`h qun hur`mtn ne `eo`inm`oanmtg prgegmb`hg hn prghuitgs amnst`jens ástgs sn hnsigopgmb`m y qun nm ianrt`s iariumst`mia`s, igog ikgqun, i`enmt`oanmtg g hnspe`z`oanmtg saopen, punhn bnmnr`r um` nxpegsaùm. Egs `oahurgs `ei`eamgs y ianrt`s s`ens hn ha`zgmag sn punhnm amieuar hnmtrg hn nstn brupg hn prghuitgs. Ne iegrurg hn `euoamag, pgr gtr` p`rtn, `iuoue` ne àiahg cgro`hg pgr hnsigopgsaiaùm ` i`us` hn e` kuonh`h `jsgrjah` ` eg e`rbg hne tanopg. Iu`mhg sn `jrn ne rniapanmtn, punhn giurrar e` rgtur` hne oasog y e` prgyniiaùm hn su igmtnmahg. E` `pnrtur` hn um rniapanmtn qun k` pnro`mniahg e`rbg tanopg inrr`hg sam us`rsn ns um` gpnr`iaùm qun hnjn rn`eaz`rsn igm prni`uiagmns, nspnia`eonmtn, e` `pnrtur` hn cr`sigs nsonrae`hgs iuyg t`pùm k`y` qunh`hg tr`j`hg. Egs prghuitgs eïquahgs amnst`jens ns rnigonmh`jen bu`rh`regs nm `opgee`s snee`h`s.
I`h` amstatuiaùm hnjn prnp`r`r um pe`m hn nonrbnmia` tnmanmhg nm iunmt` sus àrn`s hn ransbg y igmt`r igm prginhaoanmtgs bnmnr`ens qun pnroat`m igmtrge`r satu`iagmns arrnbue`rns. Nm i`sg hn quno`hur`s hn tapg quïoai`s quïoai`s prginhnr hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4
- Puat`r e` rgp` hn e` zgm` `cnit`h`. - E`v`r igm `jumh`mtn `bu`. - Vnhar `yuh`, amhai`mhg ne mgojrn hn e` sust`mia` qun prgvgiù e` quno`hur`. `) @iahgs -E`v`r igm `jumh`mtn `bu`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. -Mnutr`eaz`r e` `iahnz hn e` pane igm jai`rjgm`tg hn sghag hur`mtn :6 oamutgs. j) J`sns -E`v`r igm `jumh`mtn `bu`. -@peai`r sgjrn e` zgm` `cnit`h` sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn àiahg jùraig g `iátaig `e 0% i) K`eùbnmgs -E`v`r igm kahrùxahg hn `ogmag `e :6%. -E`v`r igm `jumh`mtn `bu`. h) Yust`mia`s rnhuitgr`s -@peai`r um` igoprns` hn pnro`mb`m`tg hn pgt`sag `e 6,0 %. n) @iahg ceugrkïhraig -E`v`r igm `jumh`mtn `bu` crï`. Vrnst`r `tnmiaùm ` e` pane hnj`dg hn e`s uð`s. -Igegi`r igoprns`s hn sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn suec`tg hn o`bmnsag knpt`kahr`t`h`, nmcra`h` igm kaneg hur`mtn pgr eg onmgs 96 oam.
0.3 Onhah`s prnvnmtav`s p`r` eenv`r ` i`jg rn`iiagmns quïoai`s pneabrgs`s. Ya e` rn`iiaùm qun sn v` ` eenv`r ` i`jg rnvastn i`r`itnrïstai`s hn pneabrgsah`h, h`hg qun sn tr`t` hn um` rn`iiaùm mg hnsirat` prnva`onmtn, nxastn e` pgsajaeah`h hn e` `p`raiaùm hn rn`iiagmns sniumh`ra`s pneabrgs`s. Vgr neeg, hnjn prginhnrsn hn o`mnr` iuah`hgs` igm e` prnp`r`iaùm y hns`rrgeeg hn e` oaso`, tgo`mhg e`s onhah`s prnvnmtav`s `hniu`h`s nmtrn e`s qun i`jn iat`r4 `utgraz`iaùm m hne rnspgms`jen hne e`jgr`tgrag y sam rni`j`r • Mg rn`eaz`re` mumi` sam `utgraz`iaù amcgro`iaùm sgjrn e`s onhah`s prnvnmtav`s ` `peai`r. • Nopen`r e`s oïmao`s i`mtah`hns pgsajens hn rn`itavgs.
• Nopen`r prginhaoanmtgs ` nsi`e` oairg g snoaoairg haspgmajens h`hg qun e` snmsajaeah`h hn egs oátghgs `m`eïtaigs hn snp`r`iaùm y igmcaro`iaùm sunen snr nenv`h` prnsnmt`mhg onmgr ransbg pgr ne usg hn oïmao`s i`mtah`hns.
• Znigbnr tgh` e` amcgro`i amcgro`iaùm aùm haspgmaj haspgmajen en sgjrn e` rn`itavah`h y i`r`itnrïstai`s hn pneabrgsah`h hn egs rn`itavgs y prghuitgs nspnr`hgs hn e` oaso`. hnee o`tnra`e `h `hniu`hg niu`hg y su sucaianmtn caianmtn p`r` su rn`eaz`iaù rn`eaz`iaùm, m, qun iuo iuope` pe` egs • Haspgmnr hn rnquasatgs táimaigs mnins`rags mnins`rags..
• Eenv`r ` i`jg e` rn`iiaùm nm um` vatram` g amst`e`iaùm nspniïcai` ``hniu`h` hniu`h` ` egs ransbgs nspnr`jens hn `qunee`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
• Haspgmnr hn rgp` hn tr`j`dg y nquapgs hn prgtniiaùm pnrsgm`e `hniu`hgs `e ransbg y hn egs nenonmtgs hn `itu`iaùm sucaianmtns (nxtamtgrns `hniu`hgs, o`mt`s abmïcub`s, mnutr`eaz`hgrns, `jsgrjnmtns, nquapgs hn vnmtae`iaùm y rnspar`iaùm hn nonrbnmia`, huik`s y e`v`gdgs) nm rne`iaùm ` egs pgsajens amiahnmtns y `iiahnmtns. @vas`r `e rnstg hne pnrsgm`e hne e`jgr`tgrag hn e` rn`eaz`iaùm hn e` rn`iiaùm.
Jajeagbr`cï`. Puïoai` `m`eïtai` `m`eïtai` iu`m iu`mtat`tav`.Lgetkgcc tat`tav`.Lgetkgcc n ntt `e. (8`. Nh.), Mab`r, Junmgs @arns, 0123. Ynec Amstruitagm Yknnt cgr ^snrs gc E`jgr`tgry Amstruonmts am Amtnronha`tn Kgspat`e Kgspat`e E`jgr`tgrans, V.O.B. Jrgubktgm, GOY, 01;2. Bggh E`jgr`tgry Vr`itain cgr Mgmieamai`e E`jgr`tgry Ytuhans, Cggh `mh Hrubs @hoamastr`tagm, ^Y@, 01;2.
K`mhjggl cgr YZO ^snrs, ^.Y. Hnp`rtonmt gc Igoonrin, M`tagm`e Jurn`u gc Yt`mh`rs, 01;>. Pu`eaty @ssur`min am tkn M`tagm`e R`tnr Pu`eaty E`jgr`tgry, I`m`h` Inmtnr cgr Ame`mh R`tnrs, Gmt`rag, 01;3. Igoputnr Nv`eu`tagm gc Igmtrge O`tnra`e, V.Z. Cgueas, @o. Ieam, E`j., O`rzg 01;1. Xkn Gxcgrh Buahn tg I`eajr`tagm S`eah`tagm gc E`jgr`tgry Vapnttns, D.N. Hnvamn, 01;>. @ Pu`e Pu`eaty aty @ssu @ssur`m r`min in Vrgb Vrgbr`o r`o cgr Kn` Kn`etk etk `mh Nmva Nmvargmo rgmonmt` nmt`ee Ikno Iknoastr astry, y, O. B`ut B`utanr anr y N. Be`h Be`hmny, mny, @o. Ieam. Ieam. E`j, Duea Dueag g 01 01;2. ;2. @iiur`iy iiur`iy am R Rnab nabkamb kamb44 Gp Gptaoa taoazamb zamb Xnik Xnikmaqu maqun, n, Z Z.. Kgn Kgnsey, sey, @o. E`j. E`j.,, Dum Dumag ag 0 01;1 1;1.. H`mbnrgus Vrgpnrtans gc Amhustra`e O`tnra`es (3`. hn), M.A. Y`x, S`m Mgstr`mh Znamkgeh, Mnw Qgrl, 01;8. K`z`rhgus Iknoai`e Amcgro`tagm `mh Haspgs`e Buahn, O.@. @rogur nt `e., Hnp`rtonmt gc Iknoastry, ^mavnrsaty gc @ejnrt`, Nhogmtgm, @et` X3B :B:, I`m`h`,01;8 I`m`h`,01;8.. Y`cnty am tkn Iknoai`e E`jgr`tgry, @onrai`m Iknoai`e Ygianty, N`stgm V@, 01;0.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Xgxaigegby e`jgr`tgry K`z`rhs, am K`z`rhgus O`tnra`e Xgxaigegby. Ieamai`e Vramiapens gc Nmvargmonmt`e Kn`etk. Kn`etk. Nh. Yueeav`m, Dr. `mh Lranbnr. Raeea`ms & Raelams 011:. 011:. Kn`etk @spnits gc Iknoai`e Y`cnty ’ Nonrbnmiy Znspgmsn tg Iknoai`e @iiahnmts ’ RKG/AVIY, 01;0. Kgspat`e Vrnp`rnhmnss cgr Iknoai`e @iiahnmts. Qgumb, E Ve`mt Xnikmgegby `mh Y`cnty O`m`bnonmt Ynrans Mg. 9, 0116. Buahamb Vramiapens cgr Iknoai`e @iiahnmt. Vrnvnmtagm, Vrnp`rnhmnss `mh Znspgmsn GNIH, V`ras 011:. @iiahnmtns quïoaigs4 `spnitgs rne`tavgs ` e` s`euh. Buï` p`r` e` prnp`r`iaùm y rnspunst`. AVIY/VM^O@ ’ GAX ’ GOY, GIHN. 011;.
Onhai`e O`m`bnonmt Buahneamns cgr @iutn Iknoai`e Nxpgsurns, ^.Y. Hnp`rtonmt gc Kn`etk & Kuo`m Ynrvains Sgeuon AAA. Y`m Z`c`ne, @XYHZ, 011:.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg :. Znigeniiaùm y `eo`inm`oanmtg hn e`s ounstr`s nm ne e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` ieïmai` y cgrnmsn. @utgr4 Hr. Euas @ejnrtg Cnrr`ra. I`tnhràtaig hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Puïoai` Enb`e nm e` ^mavnrsah`h hn Ogrùm. Vnratg Puïoaig Duhaia`e.
Amtrghuiiaùm. Nm e` `itu`eah`h, ne e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` sn nmiunmtr` igm um br`m môonrg hn ounstr`s jageùbai`s igmtnmanmhg sust`mia`s nm igminmtr`iagmns `e mavne hn tr`z`s. E` amvnstab`iaùm p`r` `m`eatgs hnsigmgiahgs sn eenv` ` i`jg onha`mtn e` hnmgoam`h` o`rik` sastnoàtai` tgxaigeùbai`. E` `hniu`h` neniiaùm, rnigeniiaùm y nmvïg hn e`s ounstr`s ns hn cumh`onmt`e aopgrt`mia` y` qun e` i`eah`h hn um rnsuet`hg mumi` punhn snr ondgr qun ne hn e` ounstr`. V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn egs hacnrnmtns tùxaigs sunenm nopen`rsn igm o`ygr crniunmia` ounstr`s jageùbai`s igog gram`, s`mbrn, igmtnmahg nstgo`i`e y vïsinr`s nm i`sgs cgrnmsns. X`ojaám ne pneg, e` s`eav` y e`s uð`s nstàm sanmhg kgy nm hï` igmsahnr`h`s igog o`trains `etnrm`tav`s hn br`m aopgrt`mia` nm ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig. V`r` e` rnigeniiaùm hn e` ounstr` sn hnjn prgpgriagm`r amstruiiagmns hnt`ee`h`s ` e`s pnrsgm`s g nmtah`hns nmi`rb`h`s, e`s iu`ens hnjnm amieuar ne tapg y e` i`mtah`h oïmao` rnqunrah`, tapg y i`mtah`h i`mtah`h hn igmsnrv`mtn qun sn hn hnjn jn `ð`har, e` cgro` hn ntaqunt`hg h hn n egs igmtnmnhgrns y e`s igmhaiagmns hn nop`qunt` nop`qunt`hg hg y tr`mspgrtn. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm egs prginhaoan prginhaoanmtgs mtgs mnins`rags p`r` e` tgo` hn ounstr` hnstam`h`s `e e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` ieïmai` y ` e`s hnstam`h`s ` um e`jgr`tgrag pnraia`e.
:.0 Znigeniiaùm y `eo`inm`oanmtg hn e`s ounstr`s nm ne e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` ieïmai`. E` tgo` hn ounstr` p`r` um e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` ieïmai` ns hn vat`e aopgrt`mia` p`r` egbr`r um` `hniu`h` ahnmtacai`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm pgstnragr. Ne tapg hn ounstr` `m`eaz`h` hnjn snr ahnmtacai`h` igm ne mgojrn igopentg hne p`ianmtn, ne hï` y kgr` hn rnigeniiaùm `sï igog e` m`tur`enz` hn e` ounstr` `umqun sn` nvahnmtn. Nstg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. rnsuet` aopgrt`mtn sa br`m môonrg hn p`ianmtns k`m sahg `cnit`hgs nm um `iiahnmtn g iu`mhg sn gjtanmnm v`ra`s ounstr`s hne oasog p`ianmtn. Xgh`s e`s ounstr`s jageùbai`s hnjnm snr `eo`inm`h`s ` 8 ´I prnvag `e `màeasas y o`mtnmah`s ` 8 ´I hur`mtn 9 ` 8 sno`m`s nm ne i`sg nm qun sn rnquanr`m cuturgs `màeasas. Nm egs i`sgs hn aopeai`mia`s oáhaig enb`ens e` ounstr` ` `m`eaz`r hnjn snr `eo`inm`h` ` ’:6´I k`st` qun e` amvnstab`iaùm k`y` igmieuahg. E` haspgmajaeah`h hne o`tnra`e jageùbaig ns um pumtg aopgrt`mtn ` igmsahnr`r. E` neniiaùm hn e` ounstr` nst` nstrnik`onmtn vamiue`h` igm e` tgxaighamàoai` hne `m`eatg jusi`hg. Onha`mtn ne igmgiaoanmtg hn su hastrajuiaùm, ont`jgeasog y neaoam`iaùm sn k`m hasnð`hg táimai`s `m`eïtai`s granmt`h`s ` e` jôsqunh` hn e` hrgb` o`hrn y/g sus ont`jgeatgs p`r` su ahnmtacai`iaùm y sa cunr` mnins`rag, su iu`mtacai`iaùm. Vgr gtr` p`rtn, e` vamiue`iaùm nmtrn ne i`sg ieïmaig y ne `m`east` ns hn vat`e aopgrt`mia` p`r` egs rnsuet`hgs hne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig. Ahn`eonmtn nst` rne`iaùm hnjn igonmz`r `mtns qun e` ounstr` sn` rnigenit`h` amhai`mhg `ebôm rnqunraoanmtg nspnia`e nm `ebumgs i`sgs p`r` e` tgo` hn ounstr`. @mtns hn nopnz`r um `màeasas ns aopgrt`mtn igmginr, nm e` onhah` hn eg pgsajen, amcgro`iaùm `inri` hne p`ianmtn (tanopg tr`msiurrahg nmtrn e` ambnstaùm g nxpgsaiaùm `e tr`t`oanmtg oáhaig, e` rnigeniiaùm hn e` ounstr`, rnsuet`hgs hn e`jgr`tgrag nm nms`ygs ieïmaigs, e` samtgo`tgegbï` y e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s sgia`ens, giup`iagm`ens y iu`equanr gtrg h`tg qun puhanr` rni`j`rsn, y` qun neeg igmhaiagm` e` amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs. E` ounstr` hn gram` sn nmiunmtr` haspgmajen nm br`m i`mtah`h y bnmnr`eonmtn igmtanmn o`ygr igminmtr`iaùm hn hrgb`s u gtrgs vnmnmgs qun e` s`mbrn. E` prnsnmia` hn ont`jgeatgs punhn `yuh`r ` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm iu`mhg sn nopen`m táimai`s irgo`tgbràcai`s. V`r` um `huetg, sn rnquanrnm um oïmaog hn >6 oe hn gram` qun hnjn snr rnigenit`hg nm um rniapanmtn snee`hg, nstárae y sam `brnb`hg hn prnsnrv`hgrns. E` ounstr` hnjn snr tgo`h` t`m ràpahg igog sn` pgsajen, hn prncnrnmia` `mtns hne amaiag hn tr`t`oanmtg tnr`páutaig. Yam noj`rbg, ianrt`s hrgb`s t`ens igog egs `mtahnprnsavgs traiïieaigs (`oatraptaeam`, aoapr`oam`) i`us`m rntnmiaùm uram`ra` y um` tgo` hn ounstr` ouy tnopr`m` punhn igmtnmnr i`mtah`hns mg hntnit`jens hn hrgb`. Igmtr`ra`onmtn, um` pnqunð` i`mtah`h hn sust`mia`s tùxai`s punhnm nmigmtr`rsn eunbg hn `ebum`s kgr`s g hï`s hn prghuiah` e` amtgxai`iaùm igog nm ne i`sg hn um` amtgxai`iaùm igm p`r`int`oge. E`s ounstr`s hn gram` t`ojaám rnsuet`m ùptao`s p`r` e` o`rik` sastnoàtai` tnmhanmtn ` hntnroam`r hrgb`s hn `jusg nmtrn e`s qun sn amieuynm igi`ïm`, `mcnt`oam`s, gpaàings,
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. j`rjatôraigs, jnmzgha`inpam`s. Vunhn rnqunrarsn gram` hn :8 ks. g um` ômai` oaiiaùm igm um oïmaog hn >6 oe. V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn psaigcàro`igs (`mtahnprnsavgs traiïieaigs, cnmgta`zam`s,
jutacnrgm`s,
hajnmz`inpam`s,
`mcnt`oam`s,
`mtaigmvuesav`mtns,
gpaàings,
j`rjatôraigs y jnmzgha`inpam`s) e` ounstr` hn neniiaùm t`ojaám ns e` gram` hn :8 ks puhanmhg t`ojaám hntnroam`rsn nm um` ômai` oaiiaùm hn >6 oe. V`r` nstgs ôetaogs i`sgs (hrgb`s hn `jusg y psaigcàro`igs) e`s ounstr`s hn gram` hnjnm snr eenv`h`s eg `mtns pgsajen `e e`jgr`tgrag puhanmhg pnro`mninr k`st` um oàxaog hn > hï`s nm rncrabnr`iaùm. V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn o`raku`m` (iuyg pramiapag `itavg ns ne tntr`kahrgi`m`jamge) nm ounstr`s hn gram` nst` hnjn rnigenit`rsn hur`mtn :8 ks. y punhn snr `eo`inm`h` hur`mtn 0> hï`s nm rncrabnr`iaùm y hn 8 ` 3 onsns j`dg igmbne`iaùm. X`ojaám e`s ounstr`s hn gram` sgm nxinenmtns o`trains p`r` hntnroam`r cnmgens rnquaraámhgsn gram` hn :8 kgr`s, sanmhg su igmsnrv`iaùm hn k`st` 3 onsns nm rncrabnr`iaùm sa sn `brnb` àiahg `iátaig `e 0%. Nm ne i`sg hn egs ont`ens, hnjahg ` e` neaoam`iaùm iari`ha`m` iari`ha `m` qun prnsnmt`m ouikgs hn neegs (@s, Kb, Iu, Ir, Xe y Vj), sn prncanrn su nstuhag nm ounstr`s hn gram` hn :8 kgr`s. Nm bnmnr`e e`s ounstr`s hn gram` punhnm snr tgo`h`s nm rniapanmtns igoumns eaopags, ` nxinpiaùm hn e` hntnroam`iaùm hn pegog (ne rniapanmtn qun hnjn snr tr`t`hg igm àiahg mïtraig 040 hur`mtn :8 ks y eunbg nmdu`b`hg nsirupuegs`onmtn igm `bu` jahnstae`h` p`r` neaoam`r pgsajens aopurnz`s). V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn igprgpgrcaram`s tgt`ens nm gram` (amhai`hgrns hn nxpgsaiaùm ` pegog) e`s ounstr`s igrrnspgmhnm ` gram` hn :8 kgr`s qun hnjn snr rnigenit`h` nm um cr`sig gsiurg igmtnmanmhg i`rjgm`tg hn sghag igog igmsnrv`hgr nm i`mtah`h sucaianmtn p`r` um` igminmtr`iaùm cam`e hn 6,0 ’ 6,>%. V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn àiahg hnet` `oamg envueïmaig (θ-@E@, o`ri`hgr jageùbaig hn nxpgsaiaùm `e pegog) sn rnquanrn gram` hn :8 hn kgr`s rnigenit`h` nm cr`sig gsiurg igmtnmanmhg igmtnmanmhg sgeuiaùm s` s`tur`h` tur`h` hn àiahg t`rtàraig `prg `prgxao`h`onmtn xao`h`onmtn 0 oe/ 066 oe hn gram`. Yu igmsnrv`iaùm hnjn rn`eaz`rsn nm rncrabnr`iaùm pgr um oàxaog hn 2 hï`s sanmhg ne pK mg supnragr ` 06. Gtrg tapg hn ounstr`s utaeaz`h`s utaeaz`h`s nm e` tgxaigegbï` ieïmai` ieïmai` sgm e`s hn s`mbrn. E`s ounstr`s hn s`mbrn (pe`so` g sunrg) sgm bnmnr`eonmtn nopen`h`s p`r` egs `màeasas iu`mtat`tavgs hn `ebum`s sust`mia`s tùxai`s igog ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg y pegog, sanmhg um vgeuonm `hniu`hg 06 oe hn ounstr` igm knp`ram`. V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg nm s`mbrn e` ounstr` punhn gjtnmnrsn y igmsnrv`rsn nm dnramb` knp`ramaz`h` puhanmhg o`mtnmnrsn hur`mtn 9 hï`s ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn g nm rncrabnr`iaùm. Nm nstn i`sg knogs mgt`hg qun ne `màeasas onha`mtn iggxaontrï` prnsnmt` hacaiuet`hns pgr t`pgm`oanmtg hne sastno` tujue`r hn rnigeniiaùm hn s`mbrn nmtnr` nm ounstr`s igm oàs hn 8; kgr`s hnshn e` tgo` hn ounstr`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. V`r` ne `màeasas hn `eigkge (nt`mge, ont`mge y gtrgs `eigkgens) nm s`mbrn, sn rnquanrn `e onmgs hn : oe hn s`mbrn nm um tujg qun igmtnmb` gx`e`tg g ceugrurg p`r` su igmsnrv`iaùm puhanmhg o`mtnmnrsn o`mtnmnrsn rncrabnr`h` hur`m hur`mtn tn 0> hï`s. Ne nsp`iag hn `arn supnragr nmtrn e` s`m s`mbrn brn y ne tujg (kn`hsp`in) hnjn snr oïmaog sa sn hnjn `m`eaz`r um` ounstr` nm e` qun sn sgspnik` um` amtgxai`iaùm igm ogmùxahg, àiahg ia`mkïhraig g sa sn hnsn` i`eiue`r ne `eigkge nm s`mbrn hn um amhavahug. E`s ounstr`s hn s`mbrn t`ojaám punhnm snr rnqunrah`s p`r` `ebumgs ont`ens igog ne i`hoag, pegog, irgog g eatag igenitàmhgsn nm dnramb` knp`ramaz`h` puhanmhg igmsnrv`rsn k`st` 2 hï`s ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. E` hntnroam`iaùm hn θ-@E@ hnkahr`t`s` hnjn snr rn`eaz`h` nm s`mbrn tgo`h` nm dnramb` knp`ramaz`h` sanmhg tr`se`h`h` ràpah`onmtn ràpah`onmtn `e e`jgr`tgrag (mg oàs hn : g 9 kgr`s). Ne pegog ns um i`sg p`rtaiue`r, hnjahg ` qun sn rnquanrn um igmdumtg hn nms`ygs igmgiahgs igog pnrcae peôojaig nm ne iu`e p`r` e` rn`eaz`iaùm hne ha`bmùstaig ns mnins`rag amieuar e`s hntnroam`iagmns hn pegog nm gram`, s`mbrn, e` nmzao` hnet` `e` hnkahr`t`s` nm s`mbrn `sï igog àiahg hnet` `oamgenvueïmaig y igprgpgrcaram`s nm gram` gjtnmah` igog cun `mtnragronmtn hnsiraptg. Ne ogmatgrng hn hrgb`s tnr`páutai`s sn rn`eaz` nm ne sunrg g pe`so` hnjahg ` qun e` igminmtr`iaùm nm e` iariue`iaùm ns ne p`ràontrg hn aopgrt`mia`. Egs pe`buaiah`s grb`mgiegr`hgs punhnm snr `m`eaz`hgs nm s`mbrn tgo`h` nm dnramb` knp`ramaz`h` nm ne iu`e ne p`ianmtn rnquanrn `yumg mg onmgr hn ; kgr`s, puhanmhg e`s ounstr`s igmsnrv`rsn nm rncrabnr`iaùm hur`mtn 0 ons g 9 onsns nm igmhaiagmns hn igmbne`iaùm. Egs pnstaiah`s hn tapg grb`mgcgscgr`hgs punhnm snr hntnroam`hgs hn o`mnr` snmiaee` nm cgro` amharnit` onha`mtn e` onhaiaùm hn e` `itavah`h hn e`s igeamnstnr`s igeamnstnr`s`s `s nm s`mbrn mg knogeaz`h` knogeaz`h`s. s.
E` hntnroam`iaùm hn e` igeamnstnr`s` nratrgiat`ra` g sárai` sn rn`eaz` sgjrn um` ounstr` hn s`mbrn igm `mtaig`bue`mtn, pe`so` g ne p`quntn ineue`r eunbg hn um` inmtracub`iaùm. E` ounstr` hn s`mbrn hnjn snr tr`se`h`h` `e e`jgr`tgrag hnmtrg hn e`s 3 ks hn nxtr`ïh` g janm sa ns pe`so` punhn snr igmsnrv`h` hur`mtn 8 hï`s nm rncrabnr`iaùm g 2 hï`s nm igmbne`iaùm. Gtrg tapg hn ounstr`s utaeaz`h`s sgm e`s hn igmtnmahg nstgo`i`e. Nst`s punhnm amieuar vùoatg, `spar`hg bàstraig g e`v`hg nstgo`i`e. Ns aopgrt`mtn gjtnmnr e` praonr` ounstr` hne e`v`hg, oanmtr`s qun e` ôetao` punhn igmtnmnr nsi`s` i`mtah`h hne tùxaig. Yn rnquanrn `e onmgs um vgeuonm hn :6 oe sam `brnb`hg hn prnsnrv`hgrns p`r` rn`eaz`r um `opeag r`mbg hn nms`ygs. E`s ounstr`s hn igmtnmahg nstgo`i`e punhnm snr ouy v`ra`jens y rnquanrnm prginhaoanmtgs `haiagm`ens igog snr caetr`iaùm y/g inmtracub`iaùm p`r` rn`eaz`r egs `màeasas. Nm bnmnr`e, iu`mhg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. k` tr`msiurrahg oàs hn um` kgr` hn e` ambnstaùm nst` ounstr` i`rnin hn utaeah`h hnjahg `e v`ia`hg m`tur`e hne nstùo`bg. E`s o`trains `etnrm`tav`s igog e`s ounstr`s hn i`jneeg k`m `hquarahg aopgrt`mia` nm egs ôetaogs `ðgs hnjahg ` e`s vnmt`d`s qun prnsnmt`m rnspnitg hn e`s ounstr`s tr`haiagm`ens hn s`mbrn y gram`. Nmtrn e`s vnmt`d`s sn hnsirajn ne knikg qun e`s hrgb`s g sus ont`jgeatgs pnro`mninm nm ne pneg um `opeag pnrïghg hn tanopg (sno`m`s ` onsns) rnspnitg hn e`s o`trains tr`haiagm`ens. Vgr gtr` p`rtn, e`s ounstr`s hn pneg sgm nst`jens amhncamah`onmtn, prnsnmt` um` cgro` saopen hn rnigeniiaùm, mg sanmhg um oátghg amv`savg. Ne `màeasas nm pneg k` sahg `peai`hg igm áxatg `e `màeasas hn hrgb`s `mtapsaiùtai`s igog k`egpnrahge, nm p`ianmtns nm kgspat`ens psaquaàtraigs. Mg gjst`mtn su usg nm ieïmai` sabun sanmhg rnstrambahg k`st` kgy, h`hg qun pgigs càro`igs k`m sahg sucaianmtnonmtn nstuha`hgs p`r` nst`jeninr igrrne`iagmns nmtrn igminmtr`iaùm nm pneg vnrsus hgsas `hoamastr`h` `hoamastr`h`s. s. ^m` `opea` v`ranh`h hn hrgb`s hn `jusg (igi`ïm`, gpaàings, `mcnt`oam`s, i`mm`jamgens y cnmiaieaham`) k`m sahg hntnroam`h`s nm pneg kuo`mg. @hnoàs ne `màeasas nm pneg pnroatn hacnrnmia`r nmtrn um` nxpgsaiaùm `ojanmt`e y ne usg `itavg hn e`s hrgb`s onha`mtn e` iu`mtacai`iaùm igrrnspgmhanmtn. @saoasog, pnroatn t`ojaám igmginr e` irgmgegbï` hne igmsuog `m`eaz`mhg hacnrnmtns snbonmtgs ` hacnrnmtns hast`mia`s hne grabnm (cgeïiueg paegsg). Nm egs ôetaogs `ðgs sn k` prnst`hg amtnrás `e nstuhag hn ianrt`s hrgb`s nm ounstr`s hn uð`s hnjahg ` su saoaeatuh igm e`s ounstr`s hn pneg y` qun ouikgs tùxaigs sunenm `iuoue`rsn nm haik`s o`trains. Yn k` nstuha`hg e`s uð`s igog o`traz p`r` e` p`r` amvnstab`iaùm hn hrgb`s hn `jusg hur`mtn pnrïghgs prgegmb`hgs `sï igog nm egs nxàonmns cgrnmsns. E`s hrgb`s pramiap`eonmtn pramiap`eon mtn nstuha`h`s k`m sahg ont`mcnt`oam`s y igi`ïm`.
Znianmtnonmtn Znianmtnonmt n sn k` amcgro`hg sgjrn e` hntniiaùm hn `ebum`s hrgb`s hn `jusg y psaigtrùpaigs nm oáhue` ùsn` y ianrtgs kunsgs, igog egs hn e` irnst` aeï`i`. Amieusavn sn k` hntnit`hg igi`ntaenmg, igi`ntaenmg, nspnian quïoai` amhujat`je amhujat`jen n hne igmsuog igmdumtg hn igi`ïm` y nt`mge. Vgr ôetaog, t`ojaám gtrgs ceuahgs jageùbaigs k`m igminmtr`hg ne amtnrás cgrnmsn igog e` s`eav`, suhgr, eïquahg inc`egrr`quïhng y eïquahg `omaùtaig pnrg su nopeng igog o`tnra`e p`r` e` nxtr`iiaùm hn hrgb`s sn nmiunmtr` nm nt`p`s hn hns`rrgeeg. E` i`hnm` hn iustgha` hnjn nopnz`r nm ne ogonmtg hn e` tgo` hn ounstr`. E` i`hnm` hn iustgha` amieuyn ` egs prginhaoanmtgs qun hnjnm qunh`r pgr nsiratg nm e` hgiuonmt`iaùm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. rncnrahgs ` iu`equanr o`mapue`iaùm g tr`mspgrtn hn e` ounstr` hnshn um amhavahug g eub`r ` gtrg, `sï igog amtnmt`r oamaoaz`r nm eg pgsajen ne môonrg hn pnrsgm`s qun o`mapuenm e` ounstr`. Nm i`pïtuegs `hdumtgs sn `m`eaz` igm hnt`een e` tgo` hn ounstr` y su igmsnrv`iaùm p`r` i`h` brupg hn tùxaigs qun sn prnsnmt`m nm um e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` `sï igog p`r` ounstr`s vamiue`h`s igm e` tgxaigegbï` enb`e.
:.: Xgo` y rnoasaùm hn Ounstr`s nm ne @màeasas Xgxaigeùbaig Cgrnmsn. E` `hniu`h` sneniiaùm, rnigeniiaùm, prnsnrv`iaùm y nmvïg hn nspniaonmns jageùbaigs y iu`equanr gtr` ounstr` igm ne prgpùsatg hn um` amvnstab`iaùm tgxaigeùbai` cgrnmsn ns suo`onmtn aopgrt`mtn. Ne áxatg hn um nstuhag `m`eïtaig y su amtnrprnt`iaùm hnpnmhnm nm br`m p`rtn hn nst` nt`p`. Ns ianrtg qun mg tghg nstuhag `m`eïtaig tgxaigeùbaig nm e` nscnr` ieïmai` hnjn igmieuar mnins`ra`onmtn nm ne àojatg cgrnmsn. Mg gjst`mtn egs i`sgs hn rnsgm`mia` pôjeai` `i`niahgs nm e`s hgs ôetao`s hái`h`s mgs k`m nmsnð`hg ` ogvnrmgs igm pruhnmia` nm nstn snmtahg. Ns hniar, e` pgsajaeah` pgsajaeah`h h qun nstgs nstuhags tnroamnm hnj`taámhgsn nm um nstr`hg duhaia`e. I`h` e`jgr`tgrag hnjn h`r amstruiiagmns prnias`s sgjrn ne tapg hn o`traz qun hnjn rnigenit`rsn y su i`mtah`h oïmao` mnins`ra` (snbôm e` ontghgegbï` qun `peai`rà) qun igmtnopen um` ounstr` `haiagm`e p`r` rnpntaiaùm hne `màeasas, sa nstn cunr` rnqunrahg igm pgstnragrah`h pgstnragrah`h.. E` amcgro`iaùm jàsai` qun hnjn igmsabm`rsn p`r` i`sgs hn `màeasas pgst-ogrtno amieuyn um amcgron hn `utgpsa` oamuiagsg, amhai`mhg egs oïmaogs hnt`eens hn e` gjsnrv`iaùm o`irgsiùpai`. -Kastgra` Ieïmai` (nspnia`eonmtn nm i`sgs o`e` pr`xas). -Hrgb`s qun sn panms` g sn s`jn qun igmsuoï` ne amhavahug `mtns hn ograr. -Vrgcnsaùm ù `itavah`h e`jgr`e qun hns`rrgee`j hns`rrgee`j`. `. -Yïmtgo`s ù igmhuit` qun prnsnmt`j` ne amhavahug `mtns hn c`eeninr. Hnjn rnoatarsn t`ojaám tghg ncnitg qun sn nstaon puhg nst`r rne`iagm`hg igm ne hninsg hn e` vïitao`, igog rgp`s igmt`oam`h`s u gjdntgs nmigmtr`hgs nm ne eub`r hne knikg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nm i`sg hn amhavahugs vavgs, igmsabm`r tghg h`tg `pgrt`hg pgr ne oasog p`ianmtn g c`oaea`rns, tapg hn t`rn`s t `rn`s qun hns`rrgee`, kàjatgs `eaonmt`rags, nti. Ne prgcnsagm`e oáhaig hnjnrï` nxprns`r sus sgspnik`s, `umqun mg e`s igmsahnrn rnenv`mtns. Xámb`sn nm iunmt` qun ne `m`east` sn v`en ouikg hn ns`s gjsnrv`iagmns p`r` pgmnr ámc`sas nm e` jôsqunh` hn um` g v`ra`s sust`mia`s y sus igmbámnrns. Oàs `ôm, iu`mhg mg sn tanmn um` granmt`iaùm janm hncamah` `e rnspnitg. Nm ne àojatg enb`e, e`s ounstr`s rnoatah`s punhnm snr havahah`s nm hacnrnmtns àrn`s snbôm sn` ne nstuhag pgstnragr qun sn eenv`rà ` i`jg4 0) `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig tgxaigeùbaigs, s, :) nstuhags amoumgkno amoumgkno`tgeùbaigs, `tgeùbaigs, 9) `màeasas `màtgog-p` `màtgog-p`tgeùbaigs tgeùbaigs y 8) nstuhags nm quïoai` `ojanmt`e. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm e`s ounstr`s igm ámc`sas nm ne oghg hn rnigeniiaùm y `eo`inm`oanmtg `eo`inm`oan mtg hn egs o`tnra`ens jageùbaigs.
:. 9 @màeasas tgxaigeùbaig cgrnmsn. V`r` e` rn`eaz`iaùm hn egs nstuhags tgxaigeùbaig tgxaigeùbaigss cgrnmsn, ne tapg hn ounstr`s k`jatu`eonm k`jatu`eonmtn tn rnoatah`s nm i`sg hn amhavahugs c`eeniahgs punhn snr4 s`mbrn, gram`, vïsinr`s, pueoùm, igr`zùm, inrnjrg, tràqun`, kïb`hg, raðùm, j`zg, tndahg `hapgsg (br`s`), pneg (pnrair`mn`e, pôjaig, `xae`r), uð`s, kuogr vïtrng, jaeas. Ns aopgrt`mtn qun ne prgcnsagm`e qun amtnrvnmb` nm e` tgo` hn ounstr` sneniiagmn `quáee`s qun, snbôm e` `m`omnsas, gcrnzi`m o`ygr pgsajaeah`h hn hntnit`r ne igopunstg qun sn prnsuo` amvgeuir`hg nm ne i`sg. Ne tapg hn ounstr`s qun punhn gjtnmnrsn nm amhavahugs vavgs amieuyn s`mbrn g sunrg, gram`, vùoatg g `spar`hg bàstraig, pnegs, uð`s, s`eav`. E` sneniiaùm hn `ebum`s hn nst`s o`trains qunh` supnhat`h` ` e` haspgmajaeah`h hn e`s oaso`s g janm `e tapg hn tùxaig sgspnik`hg y sus i`r`itnrïstai`s c`ro`igiamátai` c`ro`igiamátai`s. s. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajn e` cgro` qun igmsahnr`ogs igrrnit` hn rnoatar ne o`tnra`e jageùbaig p`r` nstuhag.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
:.9.0 Sïsinr`s. Hnjnm igegi`rsn nm rniapanmtns raburgs`onmtn eaopags, sam `brnb`hg hn mambôm tapg hn sust`mia` igm camns hn prnsnrv`iaùm ô gtrg ogtavg, nspnia`eonmtn cgroge. Ya puhanr` haspgmnrsn hn um rniapanmtn p`r` i`h` ùrb`mg snrï` ahn`e, pnrg sn `inpt` nm e` pràitai` igegi`regs hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 rniapanmtn A p`r` inrnjrg, rniapanmtn AA p`r` kïb`hg, raðùm y j`zg, rniapanmtn AAA p`r` pueoùm y igr`zùm, y rniapa rniapanmtn nmtn AS p`r` nstùo`bg y su igmtnmahg. igmtnmahg. Haikgs rniapanmtns punhnm snr hn vahrag amigegrg, pnrg snrï` oàs `prgpa`hg haspgmnr hn cr`sigs hn vahrag igegr i`r`oneg, nspnia`eonmtn p`r` sust`mia`s cgtgsnmsajens. Ne ianrrn hnjn snr knroátaig. Ya mg ns pgsajen hnjn snee`rsn igm p`r`cam`. Nvat`r t`p`s hn p`pne g i`rtùm. Vunhnm utaeaz`rsn rniapanmtns peàstaigs peàstaigs igm t`p`s hne oasog o`tnra`e qun pnroat`m um ianrrn knroátaig. Ne e`ir`hg nxinsavg hn egs rniapanmtns igmtnmanmhg eïquahgs hnjn nvat`rsn hnjahg ` qun hur`mtn e`s o`magjr`s hn `pnrtur` rnsuet` igoôm e` i`ïh` hne e`irn hnmtrg hne eïquahg, igmt`oam`mhg egs nxtr`itgs. Egs cr`sigs onmiagm`hgs hnjnm igegi`rsn hnmtrg hn jges`s peàstai`s i`p`ins hn inrr`rsn knroátai`onmtn pgr `ebôm onhag, pgr ndnopeg ne i`egr. @itu`eonmtn sn nmiunmtr`m haspgmajens jges`s peàstai`s hn hastamtgs t`o`ðgs igm um tapg hn ianrrn amvage`jen. Neeg amhai` qun nm ne i`sg hn prntnmhnr `jrar egs rniapanmtns y` inrr`hgs, sn hnstruyn ne sgpgrtn pnroatanmhg hn nstn oghg hntnit`r e`s o`magjr`s hgegs`s hn `pnrtur`. ^m` vnz noj`e`h`s, hnjnm rgtue`rsn igrrnit`onmtn igm amaia`ens g muonr`iagmns amtnrm`s hne e`jgr`tgrag qun mg hnm eub`r ` igmcusaùm, utaeaz`mhg tamt` caron rnsastnmtns ` sgeuiagmns `iugs`s. Ns igmvnmanmtn igegi`r e`s jges`s nm rniapanmtns `prgpa`hgs (pgr ndnopeg i`d`s hn i`rtùm rnsastnmtns) `snbur`mhg qun egs rniapanmtns igmtnmahgs mg punh`m sucrar rgtur`s hur`mtn ne tr`se`hg `e e`jgr`tgrag. E`s ounstr`s hnjnm igegi`rsn cam`eonmtn nm rncrabnr`hgr ` 8¶I. E` tnopnr`tur` ahn`e ns ’ :6´I, hgmhn e` `itavah`h nmzaoàtai` nm egs sastno`s jageùbaigs sn k`ee` pràitai`onmtn p`r`eaz`h`. Yam noj`rbg, hnjn rnigrh`rsn qun e` igmbne`iaùm prghuin nxp`msaùm hne vgeuonm hn eïquahgs y tndahgs, prghuianmhg e` rgtur` hn nmv`sns hn vahrag. Nm bnmnr`e sn hnjn rnspnt`r um vgeuonm eajrn hn `e onmgs um tnriag p`r` h`r eub`r ` e` nxp`msaùm hne o`tnra`e. Nstuhags hn hnbr`h`iaùm hn `m`eatgs ogstr`rgm qun ` nst`s tnopnr`tur`s egs tndahgs y kuogrns jageùbaigs sucrnm pgi` párhah` hn egs oasogs pgr jagtr`mscgro`iaùm. Yam noj`rbg hnjn igmsahnr`rsn ` i`h` `m`eatg igog p`rtaiue`r nm `e àojatg jageùbaig hgmhn sn k`ee`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Ns mnins`rag nmva`r e` ounstr` eg `mtns pgsajen `e e`jgr`tgrag, nvat`mhg amtnrruopar e` i`hnm` hn crïg hur`mtn ne tr`se`hg. Ya hnjnm rnigrrnrsn br`mhns hast`mia`s, punhnm utaeaz`rsn rniapanmtns hn tnebgpgr igm kaneg nm su amtnragr g janm utaeaz`r jahgmns rncrabnr`mtns, nvat`mhg ne igmt`itg harnitg hn egs oasogs igm e`s ounstr`s.
:.9.: Y`mbrn. Egs rniapanmtns p`r` nmva`r ounstr`s hn s`mbrn punhnm snr cr`sigs, prncnrajenonmtn pnqunðgs, igm su rnspnitav` t`p` p`r` egbr`r ianrrn knroátaig ù janm tujgs hn nms`yg igm ianrrn pnrcnitg. Hnjnrï` `brnb`rsn nm e` o`ygrï` hn egs i`sgs, ceugrurg hn sghag igog prnsnrv`hgr, `umqun sa ns rncrabnr`h` y eenv`h` ràpah`onmtn `e e`jgr`tgrag mg ns aoprnsiamhajen. Yn mninsat`m igog oïmaog 06 oe p`r` sgontnr nstn ceuahg ` nstuhag tgxaigeùbaig bnmnr`e y : oe p`r` nstuhag hn `eigkgenoa` (nstg sa sn iunmt` igm irgo`tùbr`cg b`sngsg ù sn `peai` e` táimai` hn oairghacusaùm). Iu`mhg sn nmv`s` s`mbrn ù sunrg, mg hnjn qunh`r nsp`iag v`iïg nm ne rniapanmtn, ns hniar sn hnjn nvat`r iào`r` hn `arn, qun prghuin párhah`s aopgrt`mtns mg sùeg hn nt`mge samg hn iu`equanr gtrg tùxaig vgeàtae. V`r` nvat`r nstg, hnjn eenm`rsn `e r`s, iujrar igm t`p` nm cgro` igrrnit`onmtn `dust`h` y sa ns pgsajen, snee`rsn igm prniamtg hn `euoamag (igog egs va`ens hn onhai`onmtgs amynit`jens). ^m prginhaoanmtg igrrnitg nm e` tgo` hn ounstr` igmsastn nm mg nmdu`b`r igm `eigkge egs rniapanmtns qun sn prgpgmn utaeaz`r p`r` igegi`r e`s ounstr`s hn s`mbrn ù sunrg. X`opgig hnjn utaeaz`rsn nstn sgevnmtn p`r` hnsamcnit`r e` pane hne amhavahug `e qun sn nxtr`n ounstr` knoàtai` p`r` `màeasas hn `eigkgenoa`. Ns rnigonmh`jen mg sgeaiat`r cr`sigs pnqunðgs nm Kgspat`ens ù ^mah`hns Y`mat`ra`s hnjahg ` qun ouik`s vnins qunh`m rnstgs hn onhai`onmtgs qun mg sn nxtr`nm igm e`v`hg ―i`snrg‟, prgvgi`mhg igmcusagmns igmcusagmns nm ne uetnragr nstuhag `m`eïtaig. Nm egs i`sgs hn nxtr`iiagmn nxtr`iiagmnss ` aoput`hgs hn um aeïiatg, sn rnigoanmh` e` nxtr`iiaùm hn pgr eg onmgs hgs ounstr`s s`mbuïmn`s igmsniutav`s, igm um amtnrv`eg hn um` kgr` nmtrn `oj`s nxtr`iiagmns. Hnjn `mgt`rsn e` kgr` y rgtue`rsn ie`r`onmtn (nstg rnsuet` aopgrt`mtn p`r` hntnroam`iaù hntnroam`iaùm m hn `eigkgeno `eigkgenoa` a` rntrgspnitav`).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
:.9.9 Gram`. E` tgo` hn ounstr` hn gram` sn rn`eaz` nm cgro` saoae`r ` e` rnigeniiaùm s`mbuïmn`, gjva`onmtn igegi`h` nm rniapanmtns hn o`ygr i`p`iah`h. Hnjn nmva`rsn igog oïmaog 06 oe, pnrg ns igmvnmanmtn rnoatar tgh` e` nxastnmtn nm vndab` nm i`sgs pgst-ogrtno g e` noatah` pgr amhavahug vavg, hur`mtn hur`mtn :8 ks. Yn hnjn rgtue`r y inrr`r pnrcnit`onmtn. pnrcnit`onmtn. Hnjn amhai`rsn ons, hï` y kgr` hn noasaùm ù rnigeniiaùm y cnik` y kgr` hn um` h`h` iariumst`mia` pgr e` qun sn en pahn e` hntnroam`iaùm (hntnroam`iaùm hn igi`ïm` g ont`jgeatgs). Mg hnjn `brnb`rsn mambum` sust`mia` igog igmsnrv`mtn y hnjn rncrabnr`rsn ` 8¶I.
:.9.8 Vneg. V`r` e` rnigeniiaùm hn e`s ounstr`s paegs`s hnjn igrt`rsn nm snitgr giiapat`e (igrgmaee`) janm `e r`s hne iunrg i`jneeuhg, nm eg pgsajen 0 ù : brs. (nm e` pràitai` um puð`hg g onikùm ns sucaianmtn). Xgo`r ne nxtrnog inri`mg `e iunrg i`jneeuhg y igegi`reg sgjrn ne p`pne ù i`rtùm p`r` eunbg `jrgik`r igm `peaqun hn jrgikns hn t`o`ðg `prgpa`hg y igegi`r gtrg p`pne g i`rtùm nmiao` hne `mtnragr. Eunbg, pnb`r g `t`r snbôm igrrnspgmh` sanmhg `igmsnd`je `igmsnd`jen n rnsbu`rh`reg hn e` euz nm p`pne hn `euoamag. `euoamag. Ne nmvgetgrag hnjn pnro` pnro`mninr mninr caron y hnjn amhai`rsn ie`r` ie`r`onmtn onmtn e` zgm` inri`m` `e iunrg i`jneeuhg y e` hast`e. V`r` ne i`sg hn rnqunrar hntnroam`iaùm hn hrgb`s nm vneeg puja`mg y `xae`r, nstn hnjn snr igrt`hg `e r`s hn e` pane y igegi`reg nm sgjrn hn p`pne igoôm. Ya e` ounstr` sn tgo` hn um amhavahug c`eeniahg ns `igmsnd`jen `rr`mi`r ne pneg p`r` gjtnmnr ne juejg paegsg ondgr`mhg e`s pgsajaeah`hnss hn hntniiaùm rntrgspnitav` hn ambnst`. pgsajaeah`hn
:.9.> Znstgs ùsngs. V`r` rn`eaz`r e`s hntnroam`iagmns tgxaigeùbai`s nm rnstgs ùsngs, e`s ounstr`s hnjnm rnoatarsn nm i`d`s ù jges`s hn i`rtùm inrr`h`s. Ya e`s panz`s ùsn`s k`ee`h`s nstuvanr`m kôonh`s, sn hnjnm hnd`r sni`r ` e` sgojr` y rniaám eunbg nmva`re`s nm sgjrns hn p`pne inrr`hgs. Bnmnr`eonmtn sn utaeaz`m kunsgs prginhnmtns hn e` irnst` aeå`i` g janm kunsgs e`rbgs igog cnour. Amvnstab`iagmns ouy rnianmtns k`m ogstr`hg e` aopgrt`mia` hn nstn tndahg nm i`sgs pgstogrtno (OiBr`tk & Dnmlams, :668). Amieusavn ianrt`s hrgb`s qun mg cunrgm k`ee`h`s nm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. s`mbrn cunrgm hntnit`h`s nm kunsg (mgrtr`o`hge, quamam`, igi`ntaenmg, `hnoàs hn gtrgs psaigtrùpaigs).
:.9.3 Vrnmh`s p`r` e` amvnstab`iaùm hn pùevgr`. X`mtg egs rnsahugs igog e`s p`rtïiue`s hn pùevgr` p`ria`eonmtn quno`h`s, sn hnpgsat`ràm sgjrn um` supnrcaian nm um` haspgsaiaùm hncamah`, hnpnmhanmhg hn e` hast`mia` qun nxastn nmtrn ne je`mig y e` jgi` hne i`ðùm. Iu`mhg sn tr`t` hn hasp`rgs hn igmt`itg hnjnràm nx`oam`rsn tgh`s e`s rgp`s qun sn k`ee`m nm ne i`oamg hne prgynitae. Nxastnm muonrgsgs c`itgrns qun `cnit`m e` rntnmiaùm hn rnsahugs sgjrn e` prnmh` hn oghg qun ne v`egr hn prunj` qunh` igmhaiagm`hg `e snbuaoanmtg nstraitg hn egs p`sgs hnt`ee`hgs nm ne amstruitavg4 0. E`s prnmh`s hn e` vïitao` hnjnm snr rntar`h`s nm cgro` enmt` y pgr snitgrns. Hn mg snr pgsajen, sn subanrn igrt`r e`s oaso`s pgr zgm`s qun mg igoprgont`m gracaiags y/g hnsb`rrgs qun k`m hn snr cumh`onmt`ens p`r` ne `màeasas. :. Ya nxastanr`m o`mik`s hn s`mbrn kôonh` hnjnm sni`rsn `e `arn ù igm igrranmtn taja` hn `arn y ceudg hájae. 9. E`s prnmh`s hnjnm igegi`rsn um` pgr um`, nm cgro` snp`r`h`, nmtrn hgs pe`mik`s hn i`rtùm pnrcnit`onmtn haspunst`s, `t`h`s igm kaeg, nvat`mhg rgins ù igrraoanmtgs, pramiap`eonmtn nm e`s zgm`s hgmhn k`y prnsumiaùm hn nxastnmia` hn rnsahugs hn cueoam`mtn ù nsquare`s hn j`e`. Znsuet` aopgrt`mtn `snbur`r ne àrn` ` `m`eaz`r.
:.9.2. Nstuhags amoumgkno`tgeùbaigs. E` tgo` hn ounstr` p`r` nstuhags amoumgkno`tgeùbaigs tanmn igog gjdntavg e` ahnmtacai`iaùm nm i`hàvnrns y/g amhavahugs, hn o`mik`s hn s`mbrn y o`mik`s hn snonm. E` rnigeniiaùm hn ounstr`s p`r` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn i`hàvnrns y/g amhavahugs punhn gjtnmnrsn nm hastamt`s iariumst`mia`s. ^m` hn e`s pgsajaeah`hns punhn snr onha`mtn ne prginhaoanmtg
hn
`utgpsa`
(i`hàvnrns),
gjtnmanmhg
um`
ounstr`
s`mbuïmn`
hn
`prgxao`h`onmtn 0> oe pgr pumiaùm amtr`i`rhï`i` harnit`, utaeaz`mhg `bud` y dnramb` hnsi`rt`jens (nstáraens y sni`s). Eunbg sn nmv`s` e` ounstr` nm tujg iùmaig, igm t`p` ` rgsi`, igm sus rnspnitavgs rùtuegs y hnoàs b`r`mtï`s hn eny y sn o`mtanmn rncrabnr`h` nmtrn 8 y 3´I (mg hnjn igmbne`rsn). Nm `quneegs i`sgs nm egs iu`ens sgjrn e` oaso` ounstr` sn sgeaiat` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn `eigkgenoa`, ne `mtaig`bue`mtn ` nopen`r hnjn snr ne ceugrurg hn sghag nm um`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. igminmtr`iaùm hn 0> ob/oe, hnjaámhgsn gjsnrv`r e` oaso` mgro` qun p`r` ne i`sg `mtnragr y igmsnrv`re` nmtrn 8 - 3´I.
:.9.; Znigeniiaùm hn ounstr`s p`r` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn o`mik`s jageùbai`s. ^m knikg cumh`onmt`e nm ne `màeasas hn nstn tapg hn ounstr`s eg igmstatuyn ne prginsg hn gjtnmiaùm y su pgstnragr igmsnrv`iaùm. ^m` am`hniu`h` rnigeniiaùm y/g o`e` prnsnrv`iaùm punhn `etnr`r nstn tapg hn nvahnmia`s, ` t`e pumtg qun mg sùeg hacaiuet`rï`m samg qun harnit`onmtn aopgsajaeat`rï`m nstn tapg hn pnraia`s y` qun egs nenonmtgs ` nv`eu`r sgm nm bnmnr`e suo`onmtn eàjaens.
:.9.1 O`mik`s hn s`mbrn. Nm um pramiapag, nst`s o`mik`s pgsnnm um igegr rgdg jraee`mtn qun p`ue`tam`onmtn i`oja`rà ` um` tgm`eah`h p`rhg-rgdaz`. V`r` su env`mt`oanmtg, um nenonmtg ` tnmnr nm iunmt` ns ne tapg hn supnrcaian sgjrn e` iu`e sn nmiunmtr` `snmt`h`. Ya ne sgpgrtn mg ns `jsgrjnmtn, eunbg hn um` oamuiags` hnsirapiaùm hn e` hastrajuiaùm, pgsaiaùm y cgro` hn e`s o`mik`s (ns hn suo` utaeah`h e` gjtnmiaùm hn cgtgbr`cï`s), sn punhn prginhnr ` pgmnr nm igmt`itg e` o`mik` igm um` b`s` `pnm`s kôonh` nm sgeuiaùm casageùbai`, tr`se`hàmhge` pgstnragronmtn ` um tujg iùmaig igm t`p` ` rgsi` nspnia`eonmtn sa e` i`mtah`h ns nsi`s` ù nvnmtu`eonmtn, ` um` iàpsue` hn Vntra, hnsi`rt`jen. @ igmtamu`iaùm y nm um eub`r `hniu`hg, sn hnd`rà sni`r e` b`s`, puhanmhg us`rsn um sni`hgr hn i`jneeg igm `arn crïg. Eunbg ne o`tnra`e snrà rgtue`hg, e`ir`hg n amhavahu`eaz`hg hn oghg t`e qun punh` ahnmtacai`rsn ie`r`onmtn hn hùmhn cun gjtnmah` i`h` um` hn e`s ounstr`s y iuope` igm e`s b`r`mtï`s. Hnjn igmsnrv`rsn snig nm eub`r rncrabnr`hg. Ya e` supnrcaian ns `jsgrjnmtn, pgr ndnopeg um` `ecgojr`, igrtam`s, igeikgmns, nti, sn nv`eu`rà e` igmvnmanmia` hn prginhnr ` igrt`r e` o`mik` g janm ne nmvïg hne o`tnra`e nm iunstaùm `e e`jgr`tgrag, sanoprn rnspnt`mhg, hn snr mnins`rag, e`s igmhaiagmns hn sni`hg prnva`onmtn iat`h`s. Ya e`s o`mik`s nstàm `snmt`h`s sgjrn prnmh`s, e`s oaso`s sn hnd`ràm sni`r nm abu`ens igmhaiagmns ` e`s y` nxpunst`s, nxtnmhaámhge` sgjrn j`stahgrns ù supnrcaians `hniu`h`s, nvat`mhg ne hgje`hg, y` qun pghrï`m o`mik`rsn zgm`s qun, nm um pramiapag, mg eg nst`j`m,
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. `etnr`mhg `sï e` nvahnmia` grabam`e. ^m` vnz snig, sn hnjn nmvgevnr pgr snp`r`hg, prnmh` pgr prnmh`, nm p`pne o`hnr` y prginhnr ` igmtamu`iaùm igmcgron ` e`s b`r`mtï`s hn eny. Cam`eonmtn, iu`mhg sn tr`t` hn s`mbrn mg ig`bue`h` sn punhnm snbuar hgs prginhaoanmtgs. Ne praonrg hn neegs igmsastn nm tgo`r igm um` papnt` V`stnur ù janm igm um` dnramb`, um vgeuonm hntnroam`hg hn s`mbrn (9 oe) y igegi`regs nm um tujg hn nms`yg ù cr`sig igmtnmanmhg abu`e abu`e i`mtah`h hn sgeuiaùm casageùb casageùbai`. ai`. E` snbumh` pgsajaeah pgsajaeah`h `h igmsastn nm igegi`r um` tne` hn `ebghùm ù p`pne hn caetrg hn oghg t`e qun `jsgrj` haikg ceuahg ne iu`e snrï` sni`hg ` igmtamu`iaùm snbôm e`s igmhaiagmns y` hnsirapt`s. Nm ást` gpnr`iaùm ne nenonmtg `jsgrjnmtn snrà sgstnmahg igm pamz`s `hniu`h`s p`r` t`e cam. Cam`eaz`h`s e`s gpnr`iagmns nmumia`h`s prninhnmtnonmtn, sn prginhnrà ` rgtue`r y e`ir`r ne o`tnra`e gjtnmahg. X`ojaám punhn subnrarsn e` rn`eaz`iaùm hn nxtnmhahgs sgjrn pgrt` gjdntgs hn vahrag.
:.9.06 O`mik`s hn snonm. Ne nenonmtg hn aopgrt`mia` ns ne nspnro`tgzgahn y su gjsnrv`iaùm nm cgro` igopent` ns prunj` arrncut`jen hn e` prnsnmia` hn nspnro`. Haik` iáeue` ns ouy eàjae, sanmhg k`jatu`e qun e` i`jnz` sn snp`rn hn e` ige`, aopgsajaeat`mhg ne ha`bmùstaig. Ns onmnstnr sni`r e`s prnmh`s, y` qun e` kuonh`h `cnit` egs nspnro`tgzgah nspnro`tgzgahns. ns. Nm i`sg hn gjtnmnr kasgp`hgs hnjnm igegi`rsn nm tujgs hn nms`yg ù iùmaigs igm t`p` ` rgsi` (eaopags, snigs y nstáraens). Zn`eaz`r nxtnmhahgs sgjrn pgrt` gjdntgs hn vahrag, hnd`r sni`r y eunbg nmvgevnregs igm p`pne, snp`r`mhg umg hn gtrg y rgtue`r p`r` su pgstnragr ahnmtacai`iaùm, iuopeaonmt`mhg iuopeaonmt`mhg nm tghgs egs i`sgs e`s b`r`mtï`s hn eny.
:.8 Znigeniiaùm hn ounstr`s p`r` `màeasas nm quïoai` `ojanmt`e. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm egs prginhaoanm prginhaoanmtgs tgs qun hnjnm snbuarsn p`r` e` igrrnit` tgo` hn ounstr`s hn tapg `ojanmt`e (`bu`s, j`rrgs, snhaonmtgs y nceunmtns amhustra`ens) hgmhn sn nxieuynm e`s ounstr`s hn tapg `arn h`hg e` igopendah`h hn e`s oaso`s nm iu`mtg ` nquap`oanmtg, nquap`oanm tg, amstruonmt`e y v`ranh`h hn pgsajaeah`hns.
:.8.0 Ounstrng, prnsnrv`iaùm y `eo`inm`oanmtg hn ounstr`s hn `bu`. Ne igrrnitg rnsuet`hg hn um` hntnroam`iaùm mg hnpnmhn t`m sùeg hne `màeasas prgpa`onmtn haikg. Nstg sn egbr` `snburàmhgsn um` junm` rnigeniiaùm hn e` ounstr` y um` ncai`z prnsnrv`iaùm k`st` ne ogonmtg hn su `màeasas. Ianrtgs p`ràontrgs igmvanmn hntnroam`regs am
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. satu, pgr ndnopeg4 tnopnr`tur`, b`sns hasunetgs, pK, iegrg rnsahu`e, turjahnz y igegr. Ns ouy aopgrt`mtn qun e` ounstr` gjtnmah` sn` rnprnsnmt`tav` hne iursg hn `bu` ` `m`eaz`r. Nm tghgs egs i`sgs, `umqun egs cr`sigs nstám pnrcnit`onmtn eaopags, hnjnm snr nmdu`b`hgs igm e` ounstr` 9 ù 8 vnins. Ns hn suo` aopgrt`mia` qun `e nmtrnb`r um` ounstr` `e e`jgr`tgrag, ne cr`sig nstá janm rgtue`hg, igmsabm`mhg nm áe e` cnik` y kgr` hne ounstrng, e` egi`eaz`iaùm y ne mgojrn hne gpnr`hgr. Ns igmvnmanmtn qun e` sgeaiatuh hn `màeasas eenbun `e e`jgr`tgrag `igop`ð`h` hn um` pe`maee` hgmhn sn nmiunmtrnm egs h`tgs gjtnmahgs nm i`opg.
:.8.: Xgo` hn ounstr`s hn `bu`s p`r` nx`onm j`itnrageùbaig. ^m` ounstr` o`e nxtr`ïh` eenv`rà ` igmieusagmns nrrùmn`s nm eg rncnrnmtn ` e` i`eah`h hne `bu` qun prntnmhn rnprnsnmt`r. V`r` ne i`sg hn ounstr`s hn `bu` gjtnmah`s hn bracg, hnjn nenbarsn `qune qun nstá igoumai`hg harnit`onmtn ` e` i`ðnrï` hn hastrajuiaùm, ns hniar, qun ne r`o`e nm qun sn nmiunmtrn ne bracg mg hnjn nst`r igmnit`hg igm t`mquns hgoaiaea`rags, caetrgs, `je`mh`hgrns ô gtrgs `rtnc`itgs saoae`rns. Egs prginhaoanmtgs qun sn rn`eaz`m nm e` rutam` hn e` tgo` hn ounstr` hn `bu` igoprnmhnm4 - Eaopa`r e` jgi` hne bracg. - @jrar ne bracg tgt`eonmtn y hnd`r ceuar ne `bu` hur`mtn > oamutgs. - Inrr`r ne bracg. - Nstnraeaz`r ne bracg i`enmt`mhg e` jgi` hne oasog hur`mtn : oamutgs igm ee`o` hn um` eàop`r` hn `eigkge ù igm um kasgpg hn `ebghùm nojnjahg nm `eigkge. - @jrar munv`onmtn ne bracg y hnd`r ceuar ne `bu` hur`mtn 06 oamutgs. - Hnst`p`r iuah`hgs`onmtn ne cr`sig nvat`mhg tghg igmt`itg hn egs hnhgs igm e` jgi` hne oasog y igm e` t`p`. - Eenm`r ne cr`sig, igegi`r e` t`p` amonha`t`onmtn. - Zgtue`r y rnoatar rncrabnr`hg ` 8´I, hn amonha`tg `e E`jgr`tgrag. V`r` ne i`sg hn um bracg satu`hg nm e` i`ðnrï` hn um pgzg snoasurbnmtn, sn hnjn `jrar ne bracg y hnd`r ceuar ne `bu` hur`mtn 96 oamutgs (sa sn tr`t` hn um pgzg hn usg igmtamug) g hur`mtn > kgr`s (sa sn tr`t` hn um pgzg qun sn utaeaz` pgig ù sa nstà cunr` hn snrvaiag). @ igmtamu`iaùm prginhnr snbôm e` táimai` hnt`ee`h` `mtnragronmtn `mtnragronmtn..
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
:.8.9 Xgo` hn ounstr`s hn `bu`s p`r` nx`onm cïsaig-quïoaig. Nm nstn i`sg sn hnjn tgo`r nm i`mtah`h sucaianmtn (bnmnr`eonmtn 0 eatrg) hn ounstr` y nmv`s`re` nm um rniapanmtn eaopag Egs rniapanmtns mg hnjnm mnins`ra`onmtn nst`r nstnraeaz`hgs. Zgtue`r y rnoatar `e e`jgr`tgrag.
:.8.8 Xgo` hn Ounstr` hn j`rrgs ù snhaonmtgs . Nm tghgs egs i`sgs hnjnm tgo`rsn egs oasogs nm cr`sigs hn jgi` `mik`, hnjah`onmtn ahnmtacai`hgs igm rùtuegs ` t`e cam. Znoatar `e E`jgr`tgrag sam prnsnrv`mtn hn mambôm tapg. E` i`mtah`h ` rnigbnr snrà hn umgs 966 brs. Xgo`r e` ounstr` igm nspàtue`s ù haspgsatavg `h-kgi.
:.8.> Xgo` hn ounstr` hn nceunmtns amhustra`ens.
Hnjn tgo`rsn e` ounstr` ` e` s`eah` hne nst`jeniaoanmtg nm i`mtah`h `igrhn ` egs p`ràontrgs ` onhar y utaeaz`r egs nmv`sns snbôm amhai`iaùm hne pnratg. Nmdu`b`r v`ra`s vnins ne rniapanmtn igm ne eïquahg hne nceunmtn. Znoatar e` ounstr` `e E`jgr`tgrag rgtue`h`.
Jajeagbr`cï`. E` nvahnmia` Onhaig-enb`e nm hneatgs igmtr` e`s pnrsgm`s y ounrtns vagenmt`s. Cnrr`ra E. @. nm E`bunms Z. O. Nhatgra`e Y.I.D.J.@, :666. Amstruitavg p`r` tgo`s hn ounstr` p`r` `màeasas tgxaigeùbaigs ieïmaigs. Eùpnz, I. O. Znh ZNH@ZXG[, @rbnmtam`, :660. E`jgr`tgry Buahneamns cgr tgxaigegbai`e `m`eysas. hn Tnnuw Z. @. nt `e. Juee. Xkn Amt. @ssgi. Cgr. Xgxaigegbasts, 90 (8) :9-:3, :660. Vgstogrtno prghuitagm gc Ntk`mge `mh c`itgrs tk`t amceunmin amtnrprnt`tagm. @ iratai`e rnvanw. G‑Mn`e, I< Vgleas, @. Xkn @o. Dgurm`e Cgr. Onh `mh V`tkge., 02 (0) ;-:6, 0113 Vnegs y uð`s igog knrr`roanmt`s nm ne nstuhag hn hrgb`s hn usg amhnjahg. Cnrr`ra, E.@< @r`hg O.B. @it`s hn e`s 0r`s Dgrm`h`s Xgxaigeùbai`s hne Amtnragr. Nh. pgr ne Igenbag Jagquïoaig hn Iùrhgj`., p.9>-91, :666.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Vrn-`m`eytai`e `spnits am pgstogrtno tgxaigegby4 Ylggp, B. Cgrnmsai Yia. Amt. 08:, 2>-066, :668 Yt`jaeaty gc hrubs pgstogrtno4 ` rnvanw. Hruoonr G. K. Vrginnhambs 9> tk XA@CX onntambs. ^mavnrsaty gc V`hgv`, 09-0;, 0112.
Ie`rln‑s `m`eysas gc hrubs `mh pgasgms. Rahhgp, Ogcc`t, Gssnetgm Nhs. Sge A. Vk`ro`inutai`e prnss, :668. @m`eysas gc pgstogrtno jgmn/jgmn o`rrgw spniaonms cgr hrubs gc aopgrt`min am cgrnmsai tgxaigegby. OiBr`tk OiBr`tk L & Dnmlams, @. Dustain & Kn`etk p.93:, :6 :668 68 Buï` hn tgo` hn ounstr`, igmsnrv`iaùm, tr`mspgrtn y `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig. Znsge. 3>6/6: hne Oamastnrag hn Y`euh hn e` M`iaùm, :66:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg 9 Xgxaigegbï` @m`eïtai`. @utgrns4 Hr`. Enh` Ba`mmuzza. Vrgcnsgr` @hdumt` hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV. Jagq. @mbnens hn Irastùc`mg. Vrgcnsagm`e hne E`jgr`tgrag hn Igmtrge @mtahgpamb hnpnmhanmtn hn Egtnrï` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. Jagq. Irasta`m Geavnr. Vnratg hn e` Yniiaùm hn Xgxaigegbï` hne E`jgr`tgrag Puïoaig Vnraia`e hn e` Harniiaùm Bnmnr`e hn Vgeaiï` Ianmtïcai` hn e` Vgeaiï` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. Hginmtn hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV.
9. Amtrghuiiaùm. Amtrghuiiaùm. Nm ne igmtnxtg hn e`s Ianmia`s Cgrnmsns e` Xgxaigegbï` @m`eïtai` sn k`ee` harnit`onmtn amvgeuir`h` nm havnrsgs `spnitgs hn e` tgxaigegbï` nxpnraonmt`e y `peai`h`. Nm ne prnsnmtn o`mu`e sn hnsirajaràm e`s táimai`s us`h`s nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn tùxaigs b`sngsgs y vgeàtaens (ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg, àiahg ia`mkïhraig y ia`murgs, `eigkgens, nti.) y tùxaigs grbàmaigs mg vgeàtaens (hrgb`s, t`mtg prnsirapt`s igog aenb`ens, pnstaiah`s, tgxam`s, nti) y ont`ens. Egs ôetaogs i`pïtuegs nstàm hnhai`hgs ` e` Puïoai` Enb`e (nxpegsavgs, snonm, s`mbrn, tamt`). Nst` ie`sacai`iaùm sn rne`iagm` nstrnik`onmtn igm egs oátghgs p`r` snp`r`r egs `bnmtns tùxaigs hn e` o`traz nm e` qun sn nmiunmtr`m. Ne `bnmtn hn amtnrás punhn nxastar nm um` sgeuiaùm saopen g punhn nst`r umahg ` prgtnïm`s u gtrgs igmstatuynmtns ineue`rns. Ne gjdntavg ns snp`r`r ne `bnmtn tùxaig nm i`mtah`h y purnz` sucaianmtns p`r` pnroatar su i`r`itnraz`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm. @ su vnz ne igopunstg o`hrn mg sanoprn nstà prnsnmtn nm i`mtah`hns aopgrt`mtns igog p`r` snr snp`r`hg y egs ont`jgeatgs igmgiahgs punhnm prgvnnr amharnit`onmtn e` amcgro`iaùm hn e` sust`mia` o`hrn. Yùeg rnianmtnonmtn k`m surbahg oátghgs haspgmajens qun pnroatnm e` onhah` harnit` hn `ebumgs `m`eatgs sam e` snp`r`iaùm prnva` hn su o`traz. Ne prginhaoanmtg `m`eïtaig tgxaigeùbaig amieuyn usu`eonmtn hgs p`sgs. Ne praonrg igmsastn nm rn`eaz`r um `màeasas prneaoam`r qun pnroatn ahnmtacai`r e`s ounstr`s mnb`tav`s, qun mg igmtanmnm ne `m`eatg g `ebumg hn sus ont`jgeatgs hn e`s hrgb`s u gtrgs tùxaigs qun puhanr`m nst`r prnsnmtns nm e` ounstr` (prunj`s hn sirnnmamb g t`oaz`hg). Ne snbumhg p`sg amvgeuir` e` igmcaro`iaùm hn e` ahnmtah`h hn e`s sust`mia`s prnsnmtns nm e`s ounstr`s pgsatav`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. E`s prunj`s hn sirnnmamb prgvnnm sùeg rnsuet`hgs prneaoam`rns y tanmnm pghnr hn hniasaùm. Amhai`m ie`r`onmtn e` `usnmia` hn um` hrgb`, ns hniar, mg amcgro`m c`esgs mnb`tavgs. Yam noj`rbg, um rnsuet`hg pgsatavg hnjn snr igmcaro`hg pgr gtrg oátghg nspniïcaig. Yanoprn hnjn rn`eaz`rsn `e oasog tanopg qun sn `m`eaz` e` ounstr` um igmtrge pgsatavg y umg mnb`tavg. ^m igmtrge mnb`tavg (je`mig) `yuh` ` `snbur`r qun c`esgs pgsatavgs (pgr ndnopeg igmt`oam`iaùm igm rn`itavgs g o`tnra`e hn vahrag igm ne `m`eatg nm iunstaùm g e` prnsnmia` hn igopgmnmtns hn e` ounstr`) mg sn` gjtnmahg. Abu`eonmtn, e` amieusaùm hn um c`esg pgsatavg sarvn p`r` `snbur`r qun egs rn`itavgs k`m sahg prnp`r`hgs nm cgro` igrrnit` y k`m o`mtnmahg su nst`jaeah`h. ^m rnsuet`hg sgspnikgsg c`esg pgsatavg hnjn snr rnpntahg us`mhg o`tnra`e hn vahrag igrrnit`onmtn e`v`hg y nmdu`b`hg cam`eonmtn igm `bu` jahnstae`h`. Nm tgh` iariumst`mia` egs nms`ygs hn igoprgj`iaùm hnjnm rn`eaz`rsn sgjrn um` munv` `eïiugt` hn e` ounstr`, eg iu`e aopeai` qun nm ne ogonmtg hn hniahar qun nms`ygs v`m ` rn`eaz`rsn hnjn igmsahnr`rsn rnsnrv`r um vgeuonm `hniu`hg p`r` igmcaro`r ne rnsuet`hg. Ne o`tnra`e hn vahrag hnjn nst`r nsirupuegs`onmtn e`v`hg ` ncnitgs hn nvat`r igmt`oam`iagmns amnspnr`h`s. @sï, ne o`tnra`e hn vahrag hnjn snr tr`t`hg pgr amonrsaùm nm sgeuiaùm suecgirùoai` (àiahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg hnmsah`h 0,;9 igmtnmanmhg 066 b/eatrg hn hairgo`tg hn pgt`sag (àiahg/hairgo`tg, àiahg irùoaig) umg g hgs hï`s y eunbg sgontahg ` um prgcumhg nmdu`bun. Egs nms`ygs hn t`oaz`hg g prneaoam`rns nopen`m bnmnr`eonmtn táimai`s amoumgquïoai`ss hnjahg ` e` r`pahnz y su `peai`iaùm ` um `opeag r`mbg hn `m`eatgs. amoumgquïoai` Ne snbumhg p`sg `mtnragronmtn hnsiratg sn rncanrn ` e` igmcaro`iaùm qun pnroatn `snbur`r e` nx`itatuh y ca`jaeah`h hne rnsuet`hg. Nstn p`sg sn rn`eaz` onha`mtn táimai`s j`s`h`s nm pramiapags cïsaig-quïoaigs hacnrnmtns hn e`s us`h`s p`r` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm y hnjnm amvgeuir`r táimai`s nstruitur`ens (nspnitrgontrï` (nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`, amcr`rrgdg, MOZ) y `e onmgs t`m snmsajens igog e`s hn sirnnmamb. @sï, e` irgo`tgbr`cï` hn b`sns g irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` hn `et` prnsaùm (KVEI) sgm e`s qun bnmnr`eonmtn sn nopen`m nm nstn p`sg. Yn rnigoanmh` ne usg hn e` nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`s (OY) `igpe`h` janm ` e` irgo`tgbr`cï` hn b`sns (BI/OY) g ` e` irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` (KVEI/OY) p`r` `uonmt`r e` snmsajaeah snmsajaeah`h `h y nspniacaiah` nspniacaiah`h h hne `màeasas. E` iu`mtacai`iaùm nopen` oátghgs nspniïcaigs y sust`mia`s hn rncnrnmia` inrtacai`h`s `sï igog nstàmh`rns amtnrmgs. Nstgs ôetaogs sgm sust`mia`s qun hnjnm pgsnnr i`r`itnrïstai` cïsai` y quïoai` saoae`r pgsajen `e `m`eatg. Vgr nstn ogtavg, nm egs `màeasas pgr BI/OY sgm ahn`ens e`s sust`mia`s hnutnr`h`s hn egs `m`eatgs nm nstuhag igog nstàmh`rns amtnrmgs. Nstgs igopunstgs sn hnjnm `ð`har `e pramiapag hne prgins`hg hn e` ounstr` y sanoprn `mtns hn sgontnre` ` um` nxtr`iiaùm igm ne gjdntg hn nv`eu`r e` rniupnr`iaùm hne oátghg. Egs o`ri`hgrns qun sn `ð`hnm hnspuás hn e` nxtr`iiaùm sn igmginm igog p`trgmns nxtnrmgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. E` neniiaùm hn um oátghg `m`eïtaig sn rn`eaz` nm cumiaùm hne onmgr môonrg hn nrrgrns `en`tgrags g sastnoàtaigs qun punh` bnmnr`r y hnjn snr vabae`hg pgr ne prgbr`o` hn B`r`mtï` hn I`eah`h. Vrnva`onmtn hnjn rn`eaz`rsn um` rnvasaùm jajeagbràcai` y sn hnjnm igmsahnr`r egs amstruonmtgs haspgmajens y e` hur`iaùm hn egs `màeasas. Vgstnragronmtn k`y qun igoprgj`r p`ràontrgs t`ens igog4
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Eamn`eah`h4 i gmsastn nm vnracai`r qun, nm ne p`trùm hn i`eajr`iaùm utaeaz`hg, Eamn`eah`h4 utaeaz`hg, e` rne`iaùm nmtrn e` rnspunst`, hncamah` pgr ne àrn` g `etur` hn egs paigs irgo`tgbràcaigs y e` igminmtr`iaùm, ns eamn`e nm ne amtnrv`eg hn igminmtr`iagmns prnsnmtns nm e`s ounstr`s `m`eaz`h`s.
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Ynmsajaeah`h44 um oátghg ns snmsajen iu`mhg i`ojags pnqunðgs hn igminmtr`iagmns Ynmsajaeah`h grabam`m i`ojags sabmacai`tavgs nm e` rnspunst` `m`eïtai`. Ne eïoatn hn hntniiaùm sn hncamn igog e` snð`e oàs j`d` hne `m`eatg, nxprns`h` nm igminmtr`iaùm, qun sn punhn hacnrnmia`r hn um je`mig `m`eaz`hg nm e`s oaso`s igmhaiagmns. Ne eïoatn hn iu`mtacai`iaùm ns e` igminmtr`iaùm oàs j`d` qun sn punhn hntnroam`r igm snburah`h y prniasaùm `inpt`jens y hnjn snr, `e onmgs, hgs vnins ne v`egr hne eïoatn hn hntniiaùm.
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Zniupnr`iaùm44 Yn hntnroam` nm um` ounstr` ` e` qun sn en `brnb` p`trgmns hn Zniupnr`iaùm igminmtr`iaùm igmgiah` igmgiah` hne `m`eatg nm iunstaùm y prgins`h` igm abu`e oátghg `m`eïtaig qun ne nopen`hg nm e`s ounstr`s hn igminmtr`iaùm hnsigmgiah`. Nst` igminmtr`iaùm gjtnmah` sn e` rne`iagm` igm e` gjtnmah` ` p`rtar hn um p`trùm purg qun mg k` sahg sgontahg ` mambôm tr`t`oanmtg.
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Vrniasaùm4 ns um` onhah` hne nrrgr v`ra`jen y sn hncamn igog e` igmigrh`mia` nmtrn onhah`s Vrniasaùm4 rnpntah`s hn e` oaso` ounstr`. Nxastnm hgs tapgs4 amtr`nms`yg n amtnrnms`yg, t`ojaám igmgiah` igog rnprghuiajae rnprghuiajaeah`h. ah`h.
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Ynburah`h g nx`itatuh4 nx`itatuh4 ns e` onhah` hne nrrgr sastnoàtaig y sn hncamn igog e` igmigrh`mia` nmtrn ne v`egr onhag onhahg y ne v`egr hn rncnrnmia` `inpt`hg. Yanoprn qun mg sn utaeain um oátghg gcaia`e hn `màeasas, igog egs hn e` @G@I (@m`eatai`e
Gccaia`e @m`eysas Iknoai`e), ns igmvnmanmtn v`eah`r ne oátghg us`hg. E` v`eah`iaùm ns um prginsg pgr ne iu`e sn nv`eô`m e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s hn um oátghg y sn igoprunj` qun e`s oaso`s iuopenm um` snran hn rnquasatgs prnnst`jeniahgs. Ns um` p`rtn ouy aopgrt`mtn hne prgbr`o` hn b`r`mtï` hn i`eah`h y pnroatn `snbur`r qun egs rnsuet`hgs `m`eïtaigs tanmnm e` nx`itatuh `hniu`h` p`r` su `peai`iaùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nm tgxaigegbï` `m`eïtai` sn utaeaz`m igm crniunmia` ne sastno` hn umah`hns amtnrm`iagm`ens (YA) hn o`s`s nm egs iu`ens hnjnm snr amcgro`hgs egs rnsuet`hgs hn egs `màeasas iu`mtat`tavgs. Ne cnmtgbr`og (cb) ? 06-0>b, paigbr`og (pb) ? 06-0:b, m`mgbr`og (mb) ? 06-1, oairgbr`og (¾b) ? 063
b, oaeabr`og (ob) ? 06-9b, br`og (b) y laegbr`og (Lb)?069b sgm e`s umah`hns hn o`s`s
utaeaz`h`s< sanmhg ne eatrg (E) e` umah`h hn vgeuonm. Gtr`s umah`hns hn igminmtr`iaùm nopen`h`s sgm4 ob %, ob/hE, ¾b/oe, y ppo (p`rtns pgr oaee oaeeùm). ùm). Znsuet` ôtae rnigrh`r rnigrh`r qun 0ob/E ? 0p 0ppo po ? 0 ¾b/oe ? 6.0 ob% ? 6.0ob/he. Egs `v`mins nm e` amstruonmt`iaùm `m`eïtai` pnroatnm `uonmt`r e` snmsajaeah`h nm e`s hntnroam`iagmns hn e`s sust`mia`s qun sn hnsn`m amvnstab`r, egbràmhgsn iu`mtacai`r i`mtah`hns hne grhnm hn egs cnmtgbr`ogs. Ya janm neeg ns `et`onmtn hnsn`jen p`r` ne `m`east` tgxaigeùbaig, punhnm prnsnmt`rsn nm `ebumgs i`sgs ne ransbg hn amcgro`r rnsuet`hgs c`esgs pgsatavgs nspnia`eonmtn nm egs `màeasas hn hrgb`s hn `jusg. Hnjahg ` neeg, hnjnm nst`jeninr v`egrns hn igrtn g iut-gcc, t`ojaám ee`o`hgs uojr`ens pgsatavg pgsatavgs. s. Nstgs v`egrns hn igrtn sgm e`s igminmtr`iagmns hn egs `m`eatgs pgr nmiao` hn e`s iu`ens sn igmsahnr` igog snburg um rnsuet`hg pgsatavg. Nstgs v`egrns tnmhrï`m qun nst`r igmsnmsu`hgs nmtrn tghgs egs e`jgr`tgrags y hnjnrï`m snr hacnrnmtns snbôm sn `peai`r`m nm tgxaigegbï` ieïmai`, cgrnmsn, e`jgr`e, `ojanmt`e, nti.
9.0 B`r`mtï` hn i`eah`h. ^m e`jgr`tgrag tgxaigeùbaig prgpgriagm` rnsuet`hgs npahnoageùbaigs, hn ha`bmùstaig, tnr`páutaigs, nti., nm ne àojatg ieïmaig, e`jgr`e, enb`e, hnpgrtavg, nti., hgmhn egs pgsajens nrrgrns `m`eïtaigs punhnm amceuar nmgrononmtn nm e` eajnrt`h y hnrnikgs iavaens hne amhavahug y nm e` s`euh. Vgr neeg, e`s onhaiagmns `m`eïtai`s hnjnm rn`eaz`rsn hn cgro` t`e qun s`tasc`b`m um rnqunraoanmtg `igrh`hg igog snr um sastno` hn i`eah`h qun prghuzi` rnsuet`hgs hn `et` i`eah`h. X`ojaám ns mnins`rag igmt`r igm um igmtrge hn i`eah`h qun hasnðn e`s `itavah`hns p`r` prgpgriagm`r haikgs rnsuet`hgs y pgr ôetaog um` b`r`mtï` hn i`eah`h qun `snburn qun e`s `itu`iagmns hne igmtrge hn i`eah`h sn ndniutnm igrrnit`onmtn. E` b`r`mtï` hn i`eah`h k` sahg hncamah` igog "ne igmdumtg hn `iiagmns rn`eaz`h`s p`r` `snbur`r e` ca`jaeah`h hn egs rnsuet`hgs", n amieuyn tghgs egs prginhaoanmtgs igbmgsiatavgs y oniàmaigs, hasnð`hgs p`r` oamaoaz`r g ahnmtacai`r tgh`s e`s cunmtns hn v`ra`iagmns prn-
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. `m`eïtai`s, `m`eïtai`s y pgst-`m`eïtai`s, qun punh`m amceuar nm e` gjtnmiaùm hn rnsuet`hgs hn br`m i`eah`h `m`eïtai`. J`sàmhgsn nm e` hncamaiaùm `mtnragr, um e`jgr`tgrag `m`eïtaig hnjnrï` rn`eaz`r su prgpa` b`r`mtï` hn i`eah`h nm trns mavnens hacnrnmtns, qun `j`ri`r`m tghgs egs `spnitgs hn sus `itavah`hns, amieuynmhg e`s cumiagmns `hoamastr`tav`s y qun snra`m egs sabuanmtns4 Egbïstaig-nstruitur`e4 itur`e4 qu qun n amie amieuyn uyn ne nsp`iag hne e` e`jgr`tgrag, jgr`tgrag, rn`itavgs, n nquapgs, quapgs, • Egbïstaig-nstru amstruonmt`iaùm, amstruonmt`iaù m, pnrsgm`e y egs prginhaoanmtgs hn i`hnm` hn iustgha`
• @m`eïtaig-amtnrprnt`tavg4 qun amieuyn ounstrng (rnigeniiaùm, sneniiaùm y `eo`inm`oanmtg), prnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`, haspgmajaeah`h hn o`tnra`ens hn rncnrnmia`, sneniiaùm hne oátghg `m`eïtaig, rnvasaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs pgr pnrsgm`e nspnia`eaz`hg nspnia`eaz` hg y cgro`tgs hne amcgron. Ne Igmtrge hn I`eah`h prgvnn um onhag p`r` hntnit`r nrrgrns am`inpt`jens nm ne i`sg qun surd`m nvat`mhg e` nmtrnb` hn rnsuet`hgs amnx`itgs. @hnoàs bnmnr` amcgro`iaùm qun punhn snr us`h` p`r` rniupnr`r g r`strn`r h`tgs. Nm ne i`sg qun surd`m nrrgrns, gcrnin um onhag p`r` ahnmtacai`r e` i`us` y e` o`mnr` hn tgo`s onhah`s p`r` sgeuiagm`regs. Ne igmtrge hn i`eah`h amieuyn igmtrgens hn i`eah`h amtnrmgs y e` p`rtaiap`iaùm nm igmtrgens hn i`eah`h nxtnrmgs p`r` igoprgj`r e` ncnitavah`h hn e` b`r`mtï` hn i`eah`h. Ne igmtrge hn i`eah`h amtnrmg nm e`jgr`tgrags `m`eïtaigs ns e` vnracai`iaùm cam`e hn e` igrrnit` ndniuiaùm hn tghgs egs prginhaoanmtgs prginhaoanmtgs (amieuynmhg e` i`eajr` i`eajr`iaùm) iaùm) qun nstàm hnsiraptgs nm ne prgtgigeg `m`eïtaig y hn tgh`s e`s onhah`s ` tgo`r p`r` `snbur`r e`s junm`s pràitai`s hn e`jgr`tgrag. Yn eenv` ` i`jg amieuynmhg o`tnra`ens hn rncnrnmia` nspnia`ens, ee`o`hgs ―o`tnra`ens hn igmtrge‟ nm e` sniunmia` `m`eïtai`. Egs o`tnra`ens hn igmtrge hnjnm snr nm eg pgsajen rnprnsnmt`tavgs hn egs o`tnra`ens qun sn nstàm nms`y`mhg nm eg rnspnit` nm e` igopgsaiaùm hn e` o`traz, ne nst`hg cïsaig hn prnp`r`iaùm y hne amtnrv`eg hn igminmtr`iaùm hne `m`eatg. X`mtg egs o`tnra`ens hn igmtrge igog `quneegs us`hgs p`r` e`s i`eajr`iagmns hnjnràm snr tr`z`jens ` o`tnra`ens hn rncnrnmia` inrtacai`hgs g pgr eg onmgs ` um oátghg hn rncnrnmia` rnigmgiahg rnigmgiahg.. E` aopgrt`mia` y tr`sinmhnmia` hn egs `màeasas tgxaigeùbaigs k` ogtav`hg qun `ebumgs grb`masogs amtnrm`iagm`ens nst`jenzi`m mgro`tav`s p`r` b`r`mtaz`r e` i`eah`h y ca`jaeah`h hn egs rnsuet`hgs. Nmtrn neegs sn nmiunmtr`m ne M`tagm`e Amstatutn gc Hrubs gc @jusn (MAH@, 01;;), e` Ygianty gc Cgrnmsai Xgxaigegbasts y e` @onrai`m @i`hnoy gc Cgrnmsai Yianmins (YGCX/@@CY, 0112), e` @ssgia`tagm gc Gccaia`e @m`eytai`e Iknoasts (@G@I, 0119), e` Amtnrm`tagm`e @ssgia` @ssgia`tagm tagm gc Cgrnmsai Xgxaigegbasts (XA@CX, 0118) y e` Ygianty gc K`ar Xnstamb (YKX, 0112).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. E`s amst`e`iagmns hne e`jgr`tgrag hnjnm snr t`ens qun pnroat`m e` prghuiiaùm hn h`tgs `m`eïtaigs hn `et` i`eah`h y k`m hn nst`r harabahg pgr um` pnrsgm` `hniu`h`onmtn i`eacai`h`, qun grb`main e` p`rtn ianmtïcai` y `e oasog tanopg sn` i`p`z hn `peai`r táimai`s hn `hoamastr`iaùm hn pnrsgm`e y, cam`eonmtn, ne nquapg táimaig amtnbr`mtn hnjn pgsnnr `hniu`h` nhui`iaùm prgcnsagm`e y nmtrnm`oanmtg y nmtnmhnr e` aopgrt`mia` hne prgbr`o` hn i`eah`h y ne p`pne qun i`h` nopen`hg hnsnopnðn nm áe. E` `hniu`h` neniiaùm, rnigeniiaùm y nmvïg hn e`s ounstr`s rnsuet`m snr ouy aopgrt`mtns nm egs `màeasas tgxaigeùbaigs, y` qun e` i`eah`h hn um rnsuet`hg mumi` punhn snr ondgr qun e` hn e` ounstr`. Hnjnm prgpgriagm`rsn amstruiiagmns hnt`ee`h`s ` tgh`s e`s `bnmia`s y nmtah`hns qun tr`j`dnm igm ne e`jgr`tgrag, qun hnjnm amieuar ne tapg y e` i`mtah`h oïmao` hn ounstr` rnqunrah`, ne tapg y i`mtah`h hn igmsnrv`mtn qun sn hnjn `ð`har, amstruiiagmns p`r` ne `hniu`hg ntaqunt`hg hn egs igmtnmnhgrns, `sï igog e`s igmhaiagmns p`r` ne nop`qunt`hg y tr`mspgrtn. Hnjn nxastar um` i`hnm` hn iustgha`, rncend`h` nm um` hgiuonmt`iaùm qun hnjn `igop`ð`r ` e`s ounstr`s hnshn ne eub`r hn rnigbah` k`st` ne e`jgr`tgrag dumtg igm e` pntaiaùm hne `màeasas.
E` i`hnm` hn iustgha` hnjn nopnz`r nm ne ogonmtg hn e` tgo` hn ounstr`, hnjanmhg qunh`r rnigbahg nm e` hgiuonmt`iaùm iu`equanr o`mapue`iaùm g tr`mspgrtn hnshn um amhavahug g eub`r ` gtrg, `e tanopg qun sn hnjn amtnmt`r oamaoaz`r nm eg pgsajen ne môonrg hn pnrsgm`s qun o`mapuenm e` ounstr`. Ne prginhaoanmtg `m`eïtaig amieuyn, usu`eonmtn, hgs p`sgs4 um `màeasas prneaoam`r qun pnroat` ahnmtacai`r e`s ounstr`s mnb`tav`s, qun mg igmtanmnm mambum` sust`mia` g ont`jgeatg, g hntnit`r e`s hrgb`s u gtrgs tùxaigs qun puhanr`m nst`r prnsnmtns nm e` ounstr`< ne snbumhg p`sg snrï` e` igmcaro`iaùm hn e` ahnmtah`h hn e`s sust`mia`s prnsnmtns nm e`s ounstr`s pgsatav`s. @itu`eonmtn nxastnm prgbr`o`s hn igmtrge hn i`eah`h nxtnrmg `janrtgs janm nst`jeniahg nst`jeniahgss p`r` ne `màeasas hn gram` nm ^Y@ pgr ne @onrai`m Igeenbn gc V`tgegbasts, e` @ssgia`tagm gc Ieamai`e Iknoasts, e` @onrai`m @i`hnoy gc Cgrnmsai Yianmins y e` I`eacgrma`m @ssgia`tagm gc Xgxaigegbasts y nm p`ïsns nurgpngs igog Kge`mh`, pgr ne Lw`eatnatsjnw`lamb Leamaskn Bnmnnsoahhne`m`eysn nm Xgxaigegban, Nsp`ð` pgr ne Amstatutg Oumaiap`e hn Amvnstab`iagmns Oáhai`s (AOAO), nm At`ea` pgr ne Inmtrn gc Jnk`vagur`e Jnk`vagur`e `mh Cgrnmsai Cgrnmsai Xgxaigegby (IJCX), nti. @mtns hn noatar ne amcgron, tghgs egs h`tgs `m`eïtaigs hnjnm snr rnvas`hgs pgr um` pnrsgm` igm i`p`iah`h ianmtïcai` y igm nxpnranmia` nm egs oátghgs `m`eïtaigs nopen`hgs. E` rnvasaùm hnjn amieuar, `e onmgs, hgiuonmt`iaùm sgjrn e` i`hnm` hn iustgha`, v`eahnz hn egs h`tgs `m`eïtaigs iu`eat`tavgs y iu`mtat`tavgs (irgo`tgbr`o`s (irgo`tgbr`o`s hn e` ounstr`, hn p`trgmns y hn um je`mig)
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. y h`tgs hne igmtrge hn i`eah`h. Vgr ôetaog sn noatarà um amcgron nsiratg qun prnsnmtn egs rnsuet`hgs hne `màeasas y tgh` e` amcgro`iaùm rnenv`mtn hn cgro` ie`r`, nx`it` y sam `ojabõnh`hns `ojabõnh`h ns (A (Amtnrm`tagm`e mtnrm`tagm`e Yt`mh`rhs Grb`maz`tagm, 01;:). @hnoàs ns mnins`rag haspgmnr hn um `rikavg hn rnbastrgs, qun hgiuonmtn e`s `itavah`hns y gpnr`iagmns eenv`h`s ` i`jg y qun amieuy` um` igpa` hne amcgron, h`tgs hn e` i`hnm` hn iustgha`, kgd`s hn tr`j`dg, h`tgs hn e`jgr`tgrag y rnbastrgs hn egs `màeasas hn b`r`mtï` hn i`eah`h y hn egs igmtrgens hn i`eah`h. Xghg nstg hnjn snr eg oàs ie`rg pgsajen hn o`mnr` qun mgs pnroat` snbuar tghgs egs p`sgs hne `màeasas y s`i`r igmieusagmns nm i`sg hn hnsva`iagmns. Yn hnjnm bu`rh`r hur`mtn um tanopg, qun hnpnmhn hn e`s mgro`tav`s bujnrm`onmt`ens, pnrg qun, nm bnmnr`e, ns igog oïmaog hn iamig `ðgs y tanmnm, pgr t`mtg, um v`egr pgtnmia`e ` e`rbg pe`zg, sgjrn tghg nm egs `màeasas tgxaigeùbaigs qun punh`m nst`r nmvunetgs nm eatabags, nspnia`eonmtn nspnia`eonm tn iu`mhg egs duaiags sn inenjr`m `ðgs hnspuás hn k`jnr noatahg ne amcgron. Egs prgbr`o`s hn igmtrge hn i`eah`h nxtnrmg punhnm tnmnr hgs gjdntavgs hacnrnmtns
Nhui`iagm`e44 iu`mhg ssn n prntnmhn ondgr`r egs rnsuet`hgs hn egs e` e`jgr`tgrags jgr`tgrags p`rtaiap`mtns, • Nhui`iagm`e tnmnr um sastno` p`r` igoprgj`r e` ca`jaeah`h hn egs h`tgs `m`eïtaigs, tnmnr um nopudn p`r` sgeuiagm`r egs pnqunðgs c`eegs hntnit`hgs y p`r` pgsnnr um sastno` hn amtnri`ojag hn amcgro`iaùm ianmtïcai` y táimai`. @irnhat`iaùm4 aùm4 iu`mhg sn prntnmhn pgsnnr um` j`sn r`iagm`e p`r` e` sneniiaùm g eainmia` hn • @irnhat`i um e`jgr`tgrag p`r` um` t`rn` hntnroam`h` g, hne oasog oghg, p`r` hnsi`eacai`reg p`r` nst` t`rn` sa egs rnsuet`hgs nstàm pgr hnj`dg hn um ianrtg mavne.
• ^mg hn eg egss ogtavgs hn e` br`m hasp`rah hasp`rah`h `h nm egs rnsuet`hgs hn egs igmtrgens h hn n i`eah`h amtnre`jgr`tgrag ns e` br`m v`ranh`h hn oátghgs `m`eïtaigs nopen`hgs, y` qun, pràitai`onmtn, amtnre`jgr`tgrag i`h` e`jgr`tgrag nopen` ne suyg prgpag, qun ns hacnrnmtn hn egs hnoàs. Egs e`jgr`tgrags qun rn`eainm `màeasas tgxaigeùbaigs hnjnrï`m nst`r `irnhat`hgs, igog y` sn nxabn ` egs inmtrgs hn igmtrge `mtahgpamb g ` egs qun k`inm `màeasas hn hrgb`s nm ne `ojanmtn e`jgr`e nm `ebumgs p`ïsns. Nst` `irnhat`iaùm pnroatarï` e` `utgrnbue`iaùm p`r` `snbur`r e` ca`jaeah`h hn munstrgs rnsuet`hgs, rnhuiarï` ne pgtnmia`e p`r` tr`j`dgs amigopentgs g aopnrcnitgs y `yuh`rï` ` nst`jeninr `rbuonmtgs r`zgm`jens iu`mhg munstrg tr`j`dg puhanr` snr duzb`hg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
9.: @m`eïtai` hn egs Xùxaigs B`sngsgs y Sgeàtaens. E` hntnroam`iaùm hn tùxaigs vgeàtaens y b`sngsgs prnsnmt`m ianrt`s saoaeatuhns nm egs oátghgs hn hntniiaùm y pgr neeg, sn `m`eaz` e` `m`eïtai` hn egs oasogs nm cgro` igmdumt`. Ne `ase`oanmtg hn tùxaigs vgeàtaens hne o`tnra`e qun eg igmtanmnm sn rn`eaz` ` tr`vás hn e` hnstae`iaùm nm sus havnrs`s v`ra`mtns, egs iu`ens sn hns`rrgee`ràm ` igmtamu`iaùm. Vgstnragronmtn `e `ase`oanmtg, sn rn`eaz` e` iu`mtacai`iaùm hn e`s sust`mia`s nm nstuhag onha`mtn ne nopeng hn havnrs`s ontghgegbï`s igog irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` (IB), irgo`tgbr`ce` b`sngs` hn `et` rnsgeuiaùm (KZIB) igm nopeng hn igeuom`s i`pae`rns, oátghgs nmzaoàtaigs, oátghgs `igpe`hgs, nti.
9.:.0 Hnstae`iaùm. @ tr`vás hn e` hnstae`iaùm saopen y cr`iiagm`h` cr`iiagm`h` punhnm snp`r`rsn sust`mia`s vgeàtaens hn onzie`s kgogbámn`s. Vunhnm snp`r`rsn sust`mia`s sgeujens nm ne onhag nm qun sn nmiunmtr`m, bnmnr`eonmtn `iugsg (tndahg, gram`, s`mbrn, nti.). E` hnstae`iaùm saopen prnsnmt` `peai`iaùm eaoat`h` hnjahg ` qun egs pumtgs hn njueeaiaùm hn e`s sust`mia`s ` snp`r`r hnjnm hacnrar `e onmgs igog 96¶I y pgr gtr` p`rtn, sn rnquanrn um` i`mtah`h hn ounstr` igmsahnr`jen. Nm i`ojag, ` tr`vás hn e` hnstae`iaùm cr`iiagm`h cr`iiagm`h` ` punhnm snp`r`rsn sust`mia`s iuygs pumtgs hn njueeaiaùm sn nmiunmtrnm oàs inri`mgs. Nm Xgxaigegbï` um` táimai` ouy `prgpa`h` ns e` hnstae`iaùm igm `rr`strn pgr v`pgr h`hg qun prgpgriagm` v`ra`s vnmt`d`s igm rnspnitg ` e`s `mtnragrns. Ns hn suo` aopgrt`mia` nm ne i`sg nm qun sn` mnins`rag snp`r`r um` pnqunð` pgriaùm hn um igopunstg hájaeonmtn vgeàtae hn um o`tnra`e mg vgeàtae. Igog táimai`, punhn snr harnit` g amharnit`. Nm ne i`sg hn e` hnstae`iaùm igm `rr`strn pgr v`pgr harnit`, ne v`pgr hn `bu` sn bnmnr` nm ne oasog rniapanmtn qun igmtanmn e` ounstr`, oanmtr`s qun nm e` amharnit` ne v`pgr sn bnmnr` nm um rniapanmtn y sn k`in jurjudn`r nm gtrg qun igmtanmn e` ounstr` igm ne o`tnra`e jageùbaig (pgr ndnopeg, vïsinr`s). Yn rnigoanmh` ne nopeng hn e` hnstae`iaùm amharnit` nm ne i`sg nm qun punh`m rnbastr`rsn prgyniiagmns g i`rjgmaz`iaùm i`rjgmaz`iaù m hn e` ounstr`.
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Cumh`onmtg hn e` e` hnstae`iaùm igm `rr`strn pgr v`pgr. Ya hgs sust`mia`s (um igopunstg hn nsi`s` vge`taeah`h y `bu` hne o`tnra`e jageùbaig) sgm
amsgeujens, e`s prnsagmns p`ria`ens hn `oj`s sust`mia`s sn suo`m p`r` h`r um` prnsaùm hn v`pgr tgt`e. Iu`mhg e` suo` hn nst`s prnsagmns ns abu`e` ` e` prnsaùm `togscárai` `oj`s
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. hnstae`ràm dumtgs. @sï, e` onzie` hnstae`rà pgr hnj`dg hne pumtg hn njueeaiaùm hn i`h` um` hn e`s sust`mia`s prnsnmtns. Nstn knikg k`in pgsajen e` snp`r`iaùm hn sust`mia`s igm `etg pumtg hn njueeaiaùm ` j`d`s tnopnr`tur`s, rnsuet`mhg ouy `hniu`h` su `peai`iaùm ` sust`mia`s qun sn hnsigopgmnm. E` rnigeniiaùm hne hnstae`hg punhn rn`eaz`rsn ` tr`vás hn um` cr`iiaùm ômai` g v`ra`s hn onmgr vgeuonm. Nm nst` ôetao` ogh`eah`h, e`s praonr`s cr`iiagmns tnmhràm um` `et` igminmtr`iaùm hn egs tùxaigs oàs vgeàtaens y e`s pgstnragrns nst`ràm oàs nmraquniah`s nm egs onmgs vgeàtaens. Nstgs igminptgs sn `peai`m ` onmuhg nm tgxaigegbï` `e snp`r`r igopunstgs vgeàtaens àiahgs y jàsaigs. @e rnspnitg, sn rn`eaz`m hgs hnstae`iagmns4 um` nm onhag àiahg nm e` qun sn rnigbnm egs tùxaigs vgeàtaens àiahgs y mnutrgs y gtr` nm onhag `ei`eamg nm e` qun sn snp`r`m egs tùxaigs vgeàtaens `ei`eamgs.
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Hnstae`iaùm nm onhag àiahg. @ p`rtar hn `ernhnhgr hn 066 br hn o`tnra`e (`eo`inm`h (`eo`inm`hg g ` j`d`s tnopnr`tur`s p`r` nvat`r
párhah`s pgr vge`taeaz`iaùm) sn prginhn ` e` o`inr`iaùm igm abu`e i`mtah`h hn `bu` hnstae`h` ` cam hn gjtnmnr um` p`paee` ceuah`. Yn amigrpgr` e` oaso` ` um j`eùm hn hnstae`iaùm, sn `iahïcai` igm àiahg t`rtàraig `e 06% y sn `haiagm` bgt`s hn saeaigm` igog `mtanspuo`mtn. Ne j`eùm sn igegi` nm um o`mtg i`enc`itgr g nm um j`ðg hn `bu`, igmnitàmhgs igmnitàmhgsn n `e rncrabnr`mtn pgr um e`hg y `e bnmnr`hgr hn v`pgr pgr gtrg (nm ne i`sg hn um` hnstae`iaùm amharnit`). Yn igegi` um pnqunðg vgeuonm hn `bu` nm ne tujg igenitgr ne qun punhn rncrabnr`rsn nxtnragronmtn igm kaneg ncnituàmhgsn e` hnstae`iaùm k`st` rnigbnr um vgeuonm hn hnstae`hg saoae`r `e hn e` ounstr` grabam`e.nha`mtn e` `iahnz t`rtàrai` sn egbr` um pK `hniu`hg y sn nvat`m `etnr`iagmns nvnmtu`ens hn ianrtgs igopendgs< nm `ebumgs i`sgs (cnmgens), `igmsndàmhgsn ne tr`t`oanmtg igm sgeuiaùm hn àiahg suecôraig :6%. Ne `spnitg hne hnstae`hg ns bnmnr`eonmtn eïopahg s`evg nm ne i`sg hn vïsinr`s g hne o`tnra`e jageùbaig pgr hnstae`iaùm hn àiahgs br`sgs hn j`dg pnsg ogeniue`r g pgr sgevnmtns mg oasiajens igm `bu`. Egs igopunstgs grbàmaigs hn i`ràitnr àiahg g mnutrg y hn j`dg pnsg ogeniue`r (`eigkgens, intgm`s, `ehnkïhgs, àiahgs, cnmgens, kahrgi`rjurgs `eacàtaigs, `rgoàtaigs y k`egbnm`hgs) punhnm snr `ase`hgs pgr hnstae`iaùm nm onhag àiahg.
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Hnstae`iaùm nm onhag `ei`eamg. E` sgeuiaùm rno`mnmtn hn e` hnstae`iaùm nm onhag àiahg sn hnd` nmcra`r, sn tr`t` igm
sgeuiaùm hn M`GK 06% k`st` pK 06 g janm igm um nxinsg hn GOb. Ns `igmsnd`jen ne `brnb`hg hn um `mtanspuo`mtn t`ojaám nm nst` hnstae`iaùm. H`hg qun ne tr`t`oanmtg igm M`GK punhn h`r eub`r ` hnsigopgsaiagmns sn prncanrn ne `brnb`hg hn GOb, `umqun igm nstn `bnmtn mg sn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. gjtanmn um` hnstae`iaùm igopent`. Ne hnstae`hg sn rnigbn nm IeK :M, eg qun pnroatn cad`r e`s j`sns vgeàtaens. Ns aopgrt`mtn igmtrge`r ne pK hne hnstae`hg y` qun punhn rnqunrar um `brnb`hg pgstnragr hn KIA. Yn igmtamô` k`st` e` gjtnmiaùm hn ;6 ` 066 oe. Haikg hnstae`hg, `hnoàs hn igmtnmnr e`s j`sns vgeàtaens s`eacai`h`s, prnsnmt` ianrt` prgpgriaùm hn MK 8IA y um nxinsg hn àiahg cad`hgr. Egs igopunstgs hn i`ràitnr jàsaig igog `oam`s, aoam`s, `eacàtai`s y/g `rgoàtai`s) sgm rntnmah`s pgr tr`mscgro`iaùm nm e`s s`ens igrrnspgmhanmtns. igrrnspgmhanmtns.
9.:.9 Oairghacusaùm. E` oairghacusaùm ns um prginhaoanmtg ouy ôtae p`r` `ase`r n ahnmtacai`r tùxaigs vgeàtaens, puhanmhg `peai`rsn ` ounstr`s hn s`mbrn, gram` y s`eav`. Ne cumh`onmtg hn nst` táimai` ns ne sabuanmtn4 sa um` sgeuiaùm hn um` sust`mia` vgeàtae y um sgevnmtn purg sn o`mtanmnm nm igop`rtaonmtgs snp`r`hgs pnrg nm igmt`itg igm e` oaso` `toùscnr`, ne sgeutg vgeàtae tnmhnrà ` p`rtaiagm`rsn nm ne sgevnmtn purg. Hn nst` o`mnr`, sn egbr` e` hacusaùm hne sgeutg vgeàtae hnshn e` sgeuiaùm amaia`e `e sgevnmtn k`st` qun sn eenbun ` um nquaeajrag. Ya sn haspgmn hn um` sust`mia` qun igmvanrt` ne sgeutg vgeàtae nm mg vgeàtae, e` hacusaùm giurrn k`st` qun e` prnsaùm hn v`pgr nm e` `toùscnr` hasoamuy` k`st` i`sa inrg. E` oairghacusaùm sn rn`eaz` nm iào`r`s hn Igmw`y (Cab. ( Cab. 9.0)) qun pgsnnm hgs igop`rtaonmtgs4 nxtnrmg (ounstr` y `bnmtn eajnr`hgr) n amtnrmg (`bnmtn 9.0 `tr`p`mtn). Nm i`h` i`sg, sn prghuin e` i` i`pt`iaùm pt`iaùm y/g rn`iiaù rn`iiaùm m hne tùxaig vgeàtae prg prghuiaámhgsn huiaámhgsn e` rnogiaùm igopent` hne praonr igopunstg `e i`jg hn um tanopg y tnopnr`tur` prnva`onmtn hntnroam`hgs. Nm nstn sastno` ns mnins`rag nx`oam`r um` snran hn nquaeajrags qun hntnroam`m e`s igmhaiagmns nm e`s qun cam`eonmtn giurrarà e` snp`r`iaùm hne `m`eatg hnshn e` ounstr`.
Cab. 9.0 Iào`r` hn Igmw`y
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nm ne igop`rtaonmtg nxtnrmg sn hnjn tnmnr nm iunmt` pgr um e`hg egs nquaeajrags nm c`sn eïquah` hn hasgia`iaùm, `hsgriaùm g cgro`iaùm hn igopendgs hne `m`eatg (@ nxt) igm egs rnst`mtns nenonmtgs hn e` o`traz qun igmstatuyn e` ounstr`. @sï pgr ndnopeg, nm e` oairghacusaùm hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg (IG) hnshn s`mbrn ns mnins`rag igmsahnr`r e` cgro`iaùm hne igopendg igm ne brupg knog hn e` knogbegjam` y nm e` snp`r`iaùm hne àiahg ia`mkïhraig (KIM) hnshn iu`equanr o`traz eïquah` ns mnins`rag igmsahnr`r su igmst`mtn hn hasgia`iaùm àiah`. Nm `ojgs i`sgs (i`rjgxaknogbegjam` y ia`murg) sn nmiunmtr` prnsnmtn um` cgro` mg vgeàtae hne `m`eatg (@nxt)*. Nm e` vge`taeaz`iaùm hne `m`eatg (@vge) hnshn ne igop`rtaonmtg nxtnrmg y su pgstnragr hasgeuiaùm nm ne igop`rtaonmtg amtnrmg t`ojaám sn amvgeuir`m e`s rnspnitav`s igmst`mtns hn nquaeajrag. Cam`eonmtn, ne `m`eatg nm ne igop`rtaonmtg amtnrmg (@ amt), pgr `iiaùm hne `bnmtn `tr`p`mtn, punhn o`mtnmnr um nquaeajrag igm um` cgro` mg vgeàtae hne oasog. Cam`eonmtn, punhn cgro`rsn um igopendg g um prghuitg hn gxah`iaùm ne iu`e sn hnmgoam` (@amt)*. Ne prginsg nm su igm igmdumtg, dumtg, nmtgmins, n nst`rà st`rà nst`jeniahg pgr pgr e`s igmhaiag igmhaiagmns mns nm qun sn rn`eaz` y nm quá onhah` nst`s oghacai`m i`h` um` hn e`s igmst`mtns hn nquaeajrag amvgeuir`h`s. amvgeuir`h`s. @ (nxt) *
l 0
↚ @(nxt )
L :
↚ @( vge )
L 9
↚ @(amt)
L 8
↚ @(amt) *
Ne hasnðg hn i`h` nxpnranmia` hn oairghacusaùm hnjnrà igmsahnr`r e`s igmst`mtns hn nquaeajrag qun amiaharàm nm um prginhaoanmtg p`r` e` snp`r`iaùm iu`mtat`tav` hne `m`eatg nm iunstaùm y mnins`ra`onmtn egs rnsuet`hgs sn rncanrnm ` um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm igmstruah` igm p`trgmns hn igminmtr`iaùm igmgiah`.
9.:.8 Irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` (IB). Egs oátghgs hn irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` sgm egs hn o`ygr `inpt`iaùm nm e` `itu`eah`h. E` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` ns um oátghg hn br`m v`egr p`r` e` iu`mtacai`iaùm hn egs tùxaigs b`sngsgs y vgeàtaens h`hg qun prnsnmt` r`pahnz, nspniacaiah`h y br`m snmsajaeah`h. Nm Ambe`tnrr`, sn utaeaz` igog ne oátghg gcaia`e p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn e` `eigkgenoa` (tnmgr hn `eigkge nm s`mbrn) nspnia`eonmtn nm `quneegs sudntgs nm egs iu`ens e` prunj` igm um `m`eaz`hgr hn `arn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. nspar`hg sn tr`huin nm e` sgspnik` qun sn nmigmtr`j`m j`dg e` amceunmia` hne `eigkge. V`r` tùxaigs b`sngsgs, ne oátghg hn neniiaùm ns e` irgo`tgbr`cï` hn kn`h-sp`in. Nm nst` sn pnroatn ne nquaeajrg hn e` c`sn eïquah` hn e` ounstr` igm su c`sn v`pgr, hnmtrg hn um cr`sig hn t`pùm pnrcgr`jen hn hgmhn sn nxtr`n um` `eïiugt` hne v`pgr p`r` `m`eaz`re` nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg. E` irgo`tgbr`cï` hn b`sns (BI) pnroatn e` snp`r`iaùm n ahnmtacai`iaùm hn igopunstgs vgeàtaens nm nm onzie`s igopend`s. Nsqunoàtai`on Nsqunoàtai`onmtn mtn ne prginsg q qun un tanmn eub`r nm um irgo`tùbr`cg hn b`sns ns ne sabuanmtn4 e` ounstr` eïquah` sn v`pgraz` nm um amynitgr qun nstà ` tnopnr`tur` nenv`h`, hgmhn um` igrranmtn igrranmtn hn b`s pgrt`hgr amnrtn y hn `et` purnz` eg `rr`str` ` eg e`rbg hn e` igeuom`. @eeï tanmn eub`r ne prginsg hn snp`r`iaùm j`dg igmhaiagmns igmtrge`h`s hn tnopnr`tur`< pgstnragronmtn ne nceunmtn hn e` igeuom` p`s` ` um hntnitgr tnrogst`taz`hg, iuy` snð`e sn rnigbn nm cumiaùm hne tanopg nm um` i`rt` g irgo`tgbr`o` irgo`tgbr`o`.. E` snp`r`iaùm pgr BI hn egs hastamtgs igopunstgs prnsnmtns nm um` ounstr` hnpnmhn hn e` hacnrnmia` nm sus igncaianmtns hn hastrajuiaùm nmtrn e` c`sn oùvae y e` nst`iagm`ra` ` um` tnopnr`tur` hntnroam`h`, igmgiaámhgsn pnrcnit`onmtn e`s igmhaiagmns p`r` nst` snp`r`iaùm. E`s c`sns nst`iagm`ra`s nopen`h`s oàs crniunmtnonmtn, hnjahg ` su umavnrs`eah`h, sgm e`s hn saeaigm`, igog ontaesaeaigm` g :->% cnmaeontaesaeaigm`. @ebum`s c`sns nst`iagm`ra`s oghnr`h`onmtn oghnr`h`onm tn pge`rns, igog 08% ia`mgprgpae ontaesaeaigm` ontaesaeaigm`,, t`ojaám k`m sahg prgpunst`s Nm iu`mtg `e tapg y haonmsagmns hn e` igeuom`, e`s praonr`s igeuom`s nr`m nop`qunt`h`s, nop`qunt`h` s, hn vahrag g ontàeai`s, hn :-3 oo hn haàontrg amtnrmg, hgmhn e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` nst`j` `hsgrjah` sgjrn um o`tnra`e amnrtn. Vnrg e` `p`raiaùm, nm egs `ðgs sntnmt`, hn e`s igeuom`s i`pae`rns e`s hnspe`zù igopent`onmtn, hnjahg ` su ondgr ncai`ia` snp`r`tav`, ruahg hn cgmhg oàs j`dg `sï igog su o`ygr amnria` y snmsajaeah` snmsajaeah`h. h. @itu`eonmtn e`s igeuom`s qun sn nopen`m nopen`m sgm hn sïeain cumhah`, igm um` egmbatuh hn 0:96 ontrgs, um haàontrg amtnrmg qun gsiae` nmtrn 6,: y 6,:> oo, nm e` qun e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` sn nmiunmtr` eab`h` quïoai`onmtn ` sus p`rnhns igm um brgsgr hn pneïiue` nmtrn 6,:> y 6,99 oo. Ne b`s pgrt`hgr nopen`hg sunen snr Kn, iuyg ceudg nm egs amstruonmtgs oghnrmgs sn o`mtanmn igmst`mtn `umqun sn prghuzi` um `uonmtg hn e`s tnopnr`tur`s. V`r` ondgr`r e` snp`r`iaùm ne i`enmt`oanmtg hne kgrmg sn rn`eaz` hn cgro` prgbr`o`h`, puhanmhg igmsastar nm um` ômai` r`op` hn tnopnr`tur`, qun nopanz` ` 86-066 ´I k`st` :;6-906 ´I ` um` vnegiah`h hn >-96 ´I/oam, gtrgs prgpgmnm hgs r`op`s, um` praonr` ràpah` ` :6-86 ´I/oam. snbuah` hn gtr` oàs enmt` ` 06 ´I/oam. Amieusg `ebôm `utgr eenb` ` prgpgmnr um prgbr`o` hn tnopnr`tur`s igm iu`trg r`op`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nxastn um` br`m v`ranh`h hn hntnitgrns `peai`jens nm BI, igog ne hn igmhuitavah`h tároai` (XIH), hn agmaz`iaùm hn ee`o` (CAH), hn matrùbnmg-cùscgrg (MVH), hn i`ptur` hn nenitrgmns (NIH), hn cgtgagmaz`iaùm (VAH), cgtgoátraig hn ee`o` (CVH) g hn igmhuitavah`h nenitrgeïtai`. Hn tghgs neegs, trns sgm egs qun nmiunmtr`m um` o`ygr `peai`iaùm nm ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig. @sï, `e pramiapag e` ahnmtacai`iaùm sn rn`eaz`j` igm hntnitgrns mg snenitavgs igog egs CAH, qun rnspgmhnm ` pràitai`onmtn tghg tapg hn igopunstgs. Vgstnragronmtn, e` amtrghuiiaùm hn hntnitgrns oàs snenitavgs igog ne MVH supusg um` igmsahnr`jen igmsahnr`jen nvgeuiaùm< nstn hntnitgr ns nspniïcaig y igmsahnr`jenonmtn oàs snmsajen p`r` egs igopunstgs qun igmtanmnm àtgogs hn M g V nm su ogeáiue`, sanmhg p`rtaiue`ronmtn ôtae p`r` ne `màeasas hn hrgb`s hn `jusg y onhai`onmtgs, y` qun e` o`ygrï` hn neegs pgsnnm àtgogs hn M, `sï igog nm ne `màeasas hn pe`buaiah`s qun igmtnmb`m igmtnmb`m àtgogs hn M y/g V. Gtrg hn egs hntnitgrns snenitavgs qun sn nopen`m `itu`eonmtn ns ne NIH, qun pgsnn br`m snmsajaeah`h p`r` egs igopunstgs nenitrgmnb`tavgs igm àtgogs hn k`eùbnmgs g brupgs matrg g i`rjgxaeg nm su ogeáiue`. Egs igopunstgs prnsnmtns nm e` ounstr` sn ahnmtacai`m pgr sus tanopgs hn rntnmiaùm, qun ns ne tanopg tr`msiurrahg hnshn e` amyniiaùm hn e` ounstr` k`st` qun i`h` igopunstg prnsnmtn nm e` oaso` eenb` `e hntnitgr. Nm e` pràitai` sn us` oàs ne tanopg hn rntnmiaùm rne`tavg. Nstgs p`ràontrgs sgm um` prgpanh`h i`r`itnrïstai` hn i`h` igopunstg nm um`s igmhaiagmns irgo`tgbràcai`s nspniïcai`s, pnrg mg sgm um sastno` s`tasc`itgrag hn ahnmtacai`iaùm, y` qun e`s igmhaiagmns gpnr`tav`s mg sn punhnm rnprghuiar ca`jenonmtn hn um e`jgr`tgrag ` gtrg, mg pnroatanmhg e` nst`mh`raz`iaùm, qun, pgr gtr` p`rtn, sn punhn igmsnbuar onha`mtn gtrgs p`ràontrgs, igog sgm egs ïmhains ï mhains hn Lgv`ts. Oàs rnianmtnonmtn sn k`m hns`rrgee`h hns`rrgee`hg g `ebgratogs y gtrgs oátghgs hn jôsqunh` p`r` `utgo`taz`r ne j`rrahg. Ne àrn` hne paig ns prgpgriagm`e ` e` i`mtah`h hne igopunstg. Igmsniunmtnonmtn, e` BI mgs prgpgriagm` amcgro`iaùm hn e` ahnmtah`h y i`mtah`h hn egs igopunstgs `m`eaz`hgs. Egs prgjeno`s igm nst` táimai` sn prnsnmt`m iu`mhg sn tr`t` hn `m`eaz`r igopunstgs hn nenv`hg pnsg ogeniue`r, tnrogeàjaens g pge`rns. Hns`cgrtum`h`onmtn ouikgs tùxaigs pgsnnm brupgs cumiagm`ens pge`rns. @hnoàs hur`mtn egs prginsgs ont`jùeaigs hn jagtr`mscgro`iaùm sn amtrghuinm brupgs pge`rns nm e`s ogeáiue`s p`r` hasoamuar ne i`ràitnr eapgcïeaig y c`vgrninr e` nxirniaùm nm e` gram`. Egs oátghgs igmvnmiagm`ens hn BI mg pnroatnm ne `màeasas hn nst`s sust`mia`s pge`rns, pgr eg qun e` oghacai`iaùm hn e` ogeáiue`, onha`mtn um` hnrav`taz`iaùm `hniu`h`, ns um prnrrnquasatg aoprnsiamha aoprnsiamhajen. jen. Gtr` br`m eaoat`iaùm hn e` IB ns qun e` amcgro`iaùm qun prgpgriagm` mg ns hncamatav`, sn j`s` sùeg nm ne tanopg hn rntnmiaùm y punhn giurrar qun k`y` sust`mia`s qun neuy`m dumt`s g
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ouy prùxao`s, pgr eg qun sn rnquanrn um oátghg hn igmcaro`iaùm, igog ne qun mgs prgpgriagm` e` nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`s. E` nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`s (OY) sn `igpeù ` egs oátghgs irgo`tgbràcaigs, eg qun rnvgeuiagmù ne `màeasas hn onzie`s hn igopunstgs grbàmaigs hnjahg ` su snmsajaeah`h y nspniacaiah`h.. Hntnitgrns snenitavgs hn o`s`s eenvù qun e` irgo`tgbr`cï` hn b`sns `igpe`h` ` e` nspniacaiah`h OY (IB/OY) sn igmvartansn nm e` táimai` amstruonmt`e oàs `hniu`h` p`r` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm hn ogeáiue`s grbàmai`s @umqun nxastnm gtrgs, egs hgs oátghgs hn agmaz`iaùm oàs us`hgs nm e` `itu`eah`h sgm ne aop`itg nenitrùmaig (NA ) y e` agmaz`iaùm quïoai` (IA). Ne NA ns um prginsg cïsaig hgmhn sn tr`mscanrn nmnrbï` onha`mtn e` igeasaùm hn nenitrgmns igm e`s ogeáiue`s hn e` ounstr`, eg qun grabam` su cr`bonmt`iaùm nm agmns. Ne nspnitrg hn aop`itg nenitrùmaig rnsuet`mtn ns `et`onmtn rnprghuiajen y i`r`itnrïstaig hn e` ogeáiue` nm nstuhag. E` IA , nm i`ojag, ns um cnmùonmg quïoaig, hgmhn e` ounstr` sn onzie` igm um nxinsg hn b`s agmaz`mtn, igog ont`mg, asgjut`mg `ogma`ig, nti. grabamàmhgsn munvgs agmns igm um` umah`h hn o`s` o`ygr qun ne pnsg ogeniue`r. Nm nst` agmaz`iaùm sn grabam`m ouy pgigs agmns hn cr`bonmt`iaùm, y ne O+0 prghuiahg ns ne o`s amtnmsg hn tghg ne nspnitrg. Nm iu`mtg ` e` hntniiaùm, egs nspnitrùontrgs hn o`s`s `itu`ens punhnm gpnr`r nm hgs oghgs hacnrnmtns, ne hn rnbastrg tgt`e g cuee si`m y ne hn agmns sneniiagm`hgs snenitnh agm ogmatgramb (YAO). Nm e` ogh`eah`h hn rnbastrg tgt`e, ne nspnitrùontrg j`rrn tghgs egs agmns
prnsnmtns hnmtrg hn um r`mbg hn v`egrns o`s`/i`rb`, qun mgro`eonmtn gsiae` nmtrn 86 y 3>6. Ne nspnitrg hn o`s`s g p`trùm hn cr`bonmt`iaùm gjtnmahg prgpgriagm` um` amcgro`iaùm nstruitur`e ouy ôtae. Nst` ogh`eah`h hn rnbastrg tgt`e t`ojaám sn punhn `peai`r `e `màeasas iu`mtat`tavg, mg gjst`mtn, p`r` nstn prgpùsatg ns prncnrajen ne YAO, sgjrn tghg iu`mhg e`s igminmtr`iagmns sgm ouy j`d`s. Nm e` ogh`eah`h YAO, ne amstruonmtg sn prnp`r` p`r` hntnit`r ômai`onmtn umg (samben agm ogmatgramb ) g v`rags (ouetapen agm ogmatgramb ) agmns hn `jumh`mia` rne`tav`onmtn br`mhn, g hn
rne`iaùm o`s`/i`rb` sabmacai`tav`, nm ne nspnitrg hn o`s`s hne igopunstg hn amtnrás, rnsuet`mhg um irgo`tgbr`o` qun rnspgmhn sùeg ` igopunstgs nm iuy` cr`bonmt`iaùm nstám prnsnmtns egs agmns sneniiagm`h sneniiagm`hgs. gs. E` neniiaùm hne oghg hn agmaz`iaùm y hn hntniiaùm hnpnmhnrà hn egs rnqunraoanmtgs hne `màeasas, y` qun igog knogs vastg `mtnragronmtn i`h` umg prgpgriagm` um` amcgro`iaùm hacnrnmtn. E` ogh`eah`h YAO ns sùeg pgsajen iu`mhg sn igmginm ne nspnitrg hn o`s`s y ne
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. tanopg hn rntnmiaùm hn egs `m`eatgs y ns e` hn neniiaùm p`r` ne `màeasas iu`mtat`tavg, hnjahg ` su o`ygr snmsajaeah`h sgjrn ne cuee si`m, tanopgs hn j`rrahgs oàs igrtgs y ondgr rnsgeuiaùm nm e` sgjrnpgsaiaùm hn paigs. Vgr gtrg e`hg, e` agmaz`iaùm onha`mtn NA us`mhg e` ogh`eah`h hn cuee si`m ns, gjva`onmtn, e` qun tanmn o`ygr `peai`jaeah `peai`jaeah`h `h nm ne i`opg tgxaigeùbaig, y` qun ne nspnitrg hn NA qun sn gjtanmn, nm nst`s igmhaiagmns, ns igog um` kunee` h`itae`r, qun igmtanmn sucaianmtn
amcgro`iaùm p`r` i`r`itnraz`r e` ogeáiue`, pnroatanmhg igmcaro`r su ahnmtah`h, g, nm ne i`sg qun ást` sn hnsigmgzi`, jusi`re` nm e`s eajrnrï`s hn nspnitrgs hn rncnrnmia` qun nstám haspgmajens. Egs hntnitgrns hn o`s`s hn hgjen iu`hrupgeg (OY-OY) g amieusg hn trapen (OY-OY-OY) sn i`r`itnraz`m pgr su br`m snmsajaeah`h, hne grhnm hn egs cnmtgbr`ogs, y snenitavah`h, y` qun nm nst` ogh`eah`h sn sneniiagm` um agm hne nspnitrg hn o`s`s grabam`e, ne iu`e ns sgontahg ` um` munv` cr`bonmt`iaùm nm ne gtrg iu`hrupgeg. V`r` igmcaro`r e` prnsnmia` hn um igopunstg k`m hn igamiahar egs hgs p`trgmns hn cr`bonmt`iaùm cr`bonmt`iaùm.. @e abu`e qun nm BI, mg tghgs egs igopunstgs grbàmaigs sn punhnm `m`eaz`r pgr nst` táimai`, hnjahg ` su tnroge`jaeah`h, pge`rah`h g c`et` hn vge`taeah`h. @umqun nm ouikgs hn neegs sn punhn `peai`r gtr` táimai` igog KVEI g KVEI-OY, nm `ebumgs i`sgs ne prgjeno` sn sgevnmt` igm um` hnrav`taz`iaùm prnva` `e `màeasas pgr BI-OY. E` cgro`iaùm hn hnrav`hgs, prnva` ` e` amyniiaùm hn e` ounstr` nopnzù ` utaeaz`rsn nm 01>9, i`sa `e oasog tanopg qun e` BI. Xanmnm igog gjdntavg oghacai`r e` nstruitur` hn e` ogeáiue` hne `m`eatg, y sgm um prnrrnquasatg `mtns hne `màeasas pgr BI y BI/OY hn igopunstgs mg vgeàtaens, tnrogeàjaens y pge`rns. E` hasoamuiaùm hn e` pge`rah`h t`ojaám ondgr` e`s prgpanh`hns irgo`tgbràcai`s hn egs igopunstgs, oamaoaz`mhg e` `hsgriaùm nm e` igeuom` y prgpgriagm`mhg, igmsniunmtnonmtn paigs igm ondgr rnsgeuiaùm. E` hnrav`taz`iaùm i`oja` ne tanopg hn rntnmiaùm y ne p`trùm hn cr`bonmt`iaùm hne nspnitrg hn o`s`s, `e oasog tanopg qun prgpgriagm` oàs amcgro`iaùm nstruitur`e, sgjrn tghg nm ogeáiue`s igm nspnitrgs hn o`s`s ouy pgjrns, igog `mcnt`oam`, OHO@, nti. Mgro`eonmtn sn gjtanmnm nspnitrgs hn o`s`s igm agmns hn rne`iaùm o`s`/i`rb` o`s `et` y o`ygr `jumh`mia`, nvatàmhgsn e`s amtnrcnrnmia`s igm agmns hn igopunstgs igmt`oam`mtn igmt`oam`mtns. s. E` cgro`iaùm hn hnrav`hgs t`ojaám sn puhn us`r p`r` amirnonmt`r e`s prgpanh`hns nenitrgmnb`tav`s hn um igopunstg, amtrghuiaámhgen brupgs igm br`m `camah`h pgr egs nenitrgmns, igog sgm àtgogs hn k`eùbnmg, qun sn tr`huin nm um` o`ygr snmsajaeah`h y snenitavah`h nm ne `màeasas pgr BI-NIH y pgr BI/OY nm e` ogh`eah` ogh`eah`h h MIA.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Egs brupgs cumiagm`ens susinptajens hn hnrav`taz`iaùm, nm ouikgs igopunstgs y nm sus ont`jgeatgs, sgm egs brupgs kahrgxaeg, intgm`, àiahg i`rjgxïeaig y `oamg. Nxastnm muonrgsgs rn`itavgs qun pnroatnm e` hnrav`taz`iaùm hn nstgs brupgs cumiagm`ens pge`rns, k`ianmhg k`ianmhg c`itajen ne `màeasas pgr BI y BI-OY. Nmtrn tghgs egs oátghgs hn hnrav`taz`iaùm pgsajens, e` saeae`iaùm, `iae`iaùm y `equae`iaùm, k`m hnogstr`hg snr egs oàs vnrsàtaens y hn usg oàs nxtnmhahg.
E` cgro`iaùm hn hnrav`hgs saeae`hgs igojam` e` nst`jaeah`h quïoai` y tároai` igm um` br`m vge`taeah`h, egs hnrav`hgs sgm càiaens hn prnp`r`r y ounstr`m um nxinenmtn igopgrt`oanmtg nm BI (Ynbur` y ige. 011;). E` br`m vnrs`taeah`h hn `bnmtns saeae`mtns qun punhnm rn`iiagm`r igm egs hastamtgs brupgs cumiagm`ens, pnroatn um` `opea` `peai`iaùm nm ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig (Vgenttama, 011;). Gtr` vnmt`d` hn nstn oátghg hn hnrav`taz`iaùm ns qun mg rnquanrn e` nv`pgr`iaùm hne nxinsg hn rn`itavg, igm eg qun sn `igrt` ne tanopg hn `màeasas, pnrg t`ojaám sn `igrt` e` vah` onha` hn e` igeuom` irgo`tgbràcai`. Egs saeae hnrav`hgs sgm oàs snmsajens ` e` kahrùeasas qun gtrgs hnrav`hgs qun pgsn`m egs sustatuynmtns `equaeg igm oàs aopnhaonmtg nstáraig. E` rn`iiaùm, pgr t`mtg, sn k` hn rn`eaz`r nm igmhaiagmns tgt`eonmtn `mkahr`s, p`r` nvat`r e` kahrùeasas. Egs hnrav`hgs `iae`hgs hn usg oàs nxtnmhahg nm ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig sgm egs k`eg`equae`iae`hgs, igmirnt`onmtn pnrceugr`iae`hgs (traceugr`iae, pnmt`ceugr`iae g knpt`ceugr`iae), hnjahg ` qun sn amirnonmt` e` `camah`h nenitrùmai` hn egs igopunstgs. Gtr` vnmt`d` `haiagm`e ns qun nm egs nspnitrgs hn o`s`s, egs agmns igm o`ygr `jumh`mia` tanmnm o`s`s ouy `et`s. Nm nstgs hnrav`hgs igmvanmn nv`pgr`r nv`pgr`r ne nxinsg hn rn`itavg, p`r` nvat`r prgjeno`s nm ne BI. Ne usg hn nstgs rn`itavgs, pgr gtr` p`rtn, punhn gi`sagm`r rn`iiagmns ige`tnr`ens hnjahg ` e`s igmhaiagmns nxtrno`h`onmtn àiah`s hne onhag hn rn`iiaùm. Nst` i`r`itnrïstai` k`in qun nstgs hnrav`hgs mg sn`m `hniu`hgs p`r` sust`mia`s eàjaens nm onhag àiahg. E` ontae`iaùm ns umg hn egs oátghgs hn `equae`iaùm qun tanmn oàs `peai`iagmns nm ne `màeasas pgr BI-OY, hnjahg `e `uonmtg pnqunðg nm ne pnsg ogeniue`r y ` e` `et` vge`taeah`h hn egs hnrav`hgs. Gtrgs rn`itavgs ouy us`hgs p`r` hnrav`r brupgs i`rjgxïeaigs sgm egs `eigkgens hn nenv`hg pnsg ogeniue`r y egs qun igmtanmnm k`eùbnmg, y` qun egs ástnrns k`egbnm`hgs, igog nxpeai`ogs `mtnragronmtn tanmnm vnmt`d`s iu`mhg sn nopen`m prginhaoanmtgs nspnia`ens hn hntniiaùm igog BI-NIH, BI-OY-MIA n amieusg BI-OY-OY (Geavnar` y ige. 011>). @ vnins egs igopunstgs ` `m`eaz`r nstàm nm cgro` r`iáoai` sanmhg igmvnmanmtn su snp`r`iaùm, nspnia`eonmtn nm i`sgs nm egs qun umg sùeg hn egs asùonrgs sn` c`ro`igeùbai`onmtn `itavg. Mg gjst`mtn, `umqun t`mtg e` KVEI igog e` NI sgm táimai`s qun pnroatnm nst` snp`r`iaùm, k`y satu`iagmns y brupgs nspniïcaigs hn sust`mia`s (`mcnt`oam`,
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ont`mcnt`oam`, cnmceur`oam`, cnmceur`oam`, ontaecnmah`tg, nti.) qun rnquanrnm um` snp`r`iaùm pgr BI. V`r` neeg k`y qun sgontnre`s prnva`onmtn ` um` hnrav`taz`iaùm quar`e. Nm iu`equanr i`sg nm e` neniiaùm hne oátghg hn hnrav`taz`iaùm igmvanmn igmsahnr`r nm praonr eub`r ne oghg hn agmaz`iaùm qun sn v`y` ` nopen`r. @sï p`r` tr`j`d`r nm MIA igmvanmn gjtnmnr egs hnrav`hgs pnrceugr`hgs, onha`mtn `iae`iaùm g `equae`iaùm< nm i`ojag iu`mhg sn `peaqun ne NA y sn prntnmh` rn`eaz`r um `màeasas iu`eat`tavg bnmnr`e, ne oátghg hn neniiaùm snrà e` saeae`iaùm onha`mtn JYXC@, y` qun `umqun um` hn e`s eaoat`iagmns oàs aopgrt`mtns hn e` gjtnmiaùm hn hnrav`hgs ns e` nsi`snz hn eajrnrï`s hn nspnitrgs hn rncnrnmia` qun pgsn`m amcgro`iaùm sgjrn neegs< `cgrtum`h`onmtn e` munv` nhaiaùm hn e` eajrnrï` VOR (amieuah` nm egs nquapgs hn @baenmt) g MAYX sujs`m`, nm p`rtn, ne prgjeno` `e amieuar egs hnrav`hgs hn pràitai`onmtn tghgs egs igopunstgs, nspnia`eonmtn egs XOY-hnrav`hgs. Hur`mtn ne prginsg hn hnrav`taz`iaùm punhnm giurrar ncnitgs sniumh`rags mg hnsn`hgs, igog sgm, nmtrn gtrgs, e` cgro`iaùm amigmtrge`h`, sa e`s igmhaiagmns hn rn`iiaùm mg sn nst`jeninm janm, hn hnrav`hgs oamgrat`rags mg hnsn`hgs, g, sa e` hnrav`taz`iaù hnrav`taz`iaùm m ns amigopent`, hn oôetapens hnrav`hgs igm igopunstgs pgeacumiagm`ens. Nstgs ncnitgs mg hnsn`hgs punhnm `cnit`r e` nst`jaeah`h hn egs hnrav`hgs y `e `màeasas pgr BI/OY hnjahg ` igmt`oam`iaùm hn e` igeuom`, `igrt`mhg e` vah` onha` hn e` oaso`, t`ojaám sn prghuinm paigs ouy `mikgs nm ne crnmtn hne irgo`tgbr`o` qun punhnm grabam`r amtnrcnrnmia`s igm egs hntnitgrns. Igmsniunmtnonmtn nstgs ncnitgs k`y qun neaoam`regs `mtns hn e` amyniiaùm. @ vnins sn rnquanrn e` nv`pgr`iaùm hne rn`itavg hn hnrav`taz`iaùm p`r` nvat`r um` hnrav`taz`iaùm sniumh`ra` nm ne jegqun hn amyniiaùm.
9.:.> Irgo`tgbr`cï` pgr Kn`h-sp`in. @ cam hn prginhnr ` e` ahnmtacai`iaù ahnmtacai`iaùm m y iu`mtacai`iaùm hn tùxaigs vgeàtaens nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn u gtrg onhag jageùbaig, sn utaeaz` e` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`, aopenonmt`mhg e` táimai` hn ―kn`h sp`in‟ p`r` snp`r`r egs `m`eatgs hn e` o`traz, prnvag ` e` amyniiaùm nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg. Cumh`onmtg4 ` um` tnopnr`tur` h`h` nxastn um nquaeajrag hn p`rtaiaùm (`arn - o`tnra`e jageùbaig) p`r` um` sust`mia` vgeàtae hntnroam`h`, utaeazàmhgsn `bnmtns eajnr`hgrns hne tùxaig. Eunbg, ne tùxaig prnsnmtn nm e` c`sn v`pgr ns `m`eaz`hg pgr irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` (IB).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
9.:.3 Irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah`. E` amtrghuiiaùm hn e` irgo`tgbr`cï` hn b`sns nm e` hái`h` hn 01>6 y hn e` irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` hn `et` rnsgeuiaùm (Kabk Vnrcgro`min Eaquah Ikrgo`tgbr`pky, KVEI), quamin `ðgs hnspuás, hgt`rgm ` e` quïoai` y ` e`s ianmia`s hn e` vah` igm hgs pghnrgs`s knrr`oanmt`s. Ne ràpahg irniaoanmtg hn e` irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` (0126-01;6) k` sahg p`rtaiue`ronmtn aoprnsagm`mtn nm vast` hn su `opea` `peai`iaùm, igm pgsajaeah`h hn `màeasas hn igopunstgs tároai`onmtn amnst`jens, qun nxkajnm j`d` vge`taeah`h, igm `etgs pnsgs ogeniue`rns y/g `opeags r`mbgs hn pge`rah`h (Tuii`rg y ige. 0112< Vgentama, 0111). ^m` hn e`s igmtrajuiagmns oàs sabmacai`tav`s `e nst`jeniaoanmtg hn e` irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` igog táimai` `m`eïtai` hn rutam` cun e` amtrghuiiaùm hn e` c`sn rnvnrs` quïoai`onmtn nme`z`h`, y` qun punhn snr us`h` p`r` um` br`m v`ranh`h hn igopunstgs grbàmaigs, mg aùmaigs, agmaz`jens n aùmaigs, igm e` `prgpa`h` neniiaùm hn `hatavgs nm e`s c`sns oùvaens, hnmtrg hn e`s eaoat`iagmns hn egs pL` y hn pK. @hnoàs hn nst` vnrs`taeah`h, gcrnin e` pgsajaeah`h hn amyniiaùm hn ounstr`s `iugs`s, igmsahnr`h` amaia`eonmtn amaia`eonmtn igog um` br`m vnmt`d` y hn hastamtgs sastno`s hn hntniiaùm t`ens igog uetr`vagent`-vasajen, ceugrnsinmia` (m`tur`e g cgro`iaùm hn hnrav`hgs prn g pgst-igeuom`), nenitrgquïoaig, nti. Yam noj`rbg hgs iunstagmns k`m hacaiuet`hg su utaeah`h p`r` ne j`rrahg hn igopunstgs nm um` sastnoàtai` tgxaigeùbai`4 tgxaigeùbai`4 0ª. Ne rnqunraoanmtg hn nst`jeninr um` igeniiaùm hn h`tgs hn tanopgs hn rntnmiaùm, y` qun nm KVEI nstàm amceunmia`hgs pgr e` rnprghuiajaeah`h hn egs oasogs (amieusg igm ahámtaigs o`tnra`ens hn nop`qunt`hg), hacnrnmia`s nm p`ràontrgs táimaigs n amstruonmt`ens, t`o`ðg hn igeuom`, vgeôonmns ounrtgs y hacnrnmtn prniasaùm nm egs sastno`s hn jgojng igm e` igmsniutav` v`ra`iaùm nm e` igopgsaiaùm hn e` c`sn oùvae g pnrcae hne br`hanmtn (Jgbusz y ige. 0110). :ª. E` pgjrn nspniacaiah`h hn um` hntniiaùm ` um` saopen egmbatuh hn gmh` nm ne uetr`vagent`vasajen,
oátghg
hn
hntniiaùm
o`s
us`hg
(Egb`m
y
ige.
0116).
Egs `v`mins tnimgeùbaigs nm egs nquapgs, igeuom`s y hntnitgrns k`m ondgr`hg ne igmtrge hn egs c`itgrns qun `cnit`m `e igopgrt`oanmtg hn e` rntnmiaùm y ` e` rnprghuiaja rnprghuiajaeah`h. eah`h.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. @ pns`r hn e` junm` satu`iaùm `itu`e hn e` KVEI nm ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig, sn sabunm prnsnmt`mhg prgjeno`s qun pghnogs ie`sacai`r nm4
• @sgia`hgs ` e` amstruonm amstruonmt`iaùm4 t`iaùm4 prnsaù prnsaùm, m, cub`s, ikn iknqung qung hn vàevue`s, on onzie`hgrns, zie`hgrns, eàop`r`s hne hntnitgr nti. Yunenm snr saopens hnspuás hn ahnmtacai`regs, `umqun su rnsgeuiaùm igmsuon tanopg. Vunhnm prnvnmarsn igm um junm o`mtnmaoanmtg.
• @sgia`hgs ` e` snp`r`iaùm prgpa`onmtn haik`4 eïmn` hn j`sn, tanopgs hn rntnmiaùm (i`ojag hn igeuom`, c`sns oùvaens, tapg hn igeuom`, tnopnr`tur`...), pnrcaens hn egs irgo`tgbr`o`s (ige`s nm egs paigs, paigs c`mt`so`s, mnb`tavgs, hgjens g `saoátraigs, `mikgs...), amnst`jaeah`h hne hntnitgr, nti. Ne sïmtgo` ns gjvag, sunenm snr hacïiaens hn ahnmtacai`r y ` vnins aopgsajens hn igrrnbar.
• E` c`et` hn jajeagtni`s nspnitr`ens p`r` um` praonr` ahnmtacai`iaùm. Nm `ebumgs i`sgs sn sabun `prgvnik`mhg e` gpgrtumah`h hn amyniiaùm hn ounstr`s `iugs`s g janm e` caetr`iaùm y prniapat`iaùm harnit` igm hasgevnmtns. Yam noj`rbg, e` igopendah`h hn egs ceuahgs jageùbaigs y egs i`sgs nm qun j`d`s igminmtr`iagmns punhnm snr tùxai`s, `igmsnd`m nxtr`iiaùm, puracai`iaùm y igminmtr`iaùm, janm hn cgro` amhnpnmhanmtn hn e` hntnroam`iaùm, hgmhn e` c`sn sùeah` igopatn igm e` nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg-eïquahg, g nm eamn` igm ne irgo`tùbr`cg igm prn-igeuom`s p`r` prn-igminmtr`iaùm y puracai`iaùm y pgstnragr nmvag ` e` igeuom` `m`eïtai` (igeuom swatikamb), prn-tr`t`oanmtg igm haàeasas nti., qun pnroatnm e` amyniiaùm harnit` hn e` ounstr` sam párhah` hn `m`eatgs hur`mtn p`sgs irïtaigs igog e` nv`pgr`iaùm. Nstg ondgr` e` rniupnr`iaùm rniupnr`iaùm,, snmsajaeah`h y rnprghuiajaea rnprghuiajaeah`h. h`h. Znspnitg ` e`s igeuom`s, e` nvgeuiaùm nm c`sns nst`iagm`ra`s hn bne hn saeain (c`sn mgro`e), quar`ens g nxieusaùm sgm p`tnmtns, `umqun e` c`sn rnvnrs` quïoai`onmtn nme`z`h` sabun sanmhg e` oàs us`h` p`r` igopunstgs hn amtnrás nm e` sastnoàtai` tgxaigeùbai`. E` prghuiiaùm hn rneenmgs hn c`sn rnvnrs` hn `et` purnz`, eajrns hn ont`ens y hns`itav`hgs ns quazàs ne oàs aopgrt`mtn hns`rrgeeg nm nstn tapg hn igeuom`s nm egs ôetaogs 0> `ðgs. Egs rnianmtns `v`mins k`m igmsnbuahg um` hastrajuiaùm kgogbámn` hn e` `iahnz hn egs brupgs sae`mgens igm eg qun e`s igeuom`s sgm oàs nst`jens y bnmnr`m paigs rnprghuiajens, `buhgs y saoátraigs, sam noj`rbg mg eenb`m ` nvat`r e`s ige`s hn `ebumgs igopunstgs jàsaigs qun rnquanrnm e` `haiaùm hn um` j`sn igopntatav` ` j`dgs pK g e` `haiiaùm hn igmtr`agmns (p`r aùmaig) p`r` igopunstgs cunrtnonmtn àiahgs g jàsaigs. Nm bnmnr`e sn igmsahnr` prncnrajen e` neuiaùm asgiràtai` y` qun ne igopgrt`oanmtg hn e` rntnmiaùm ns oàs rnprghuiajen, e` igmtrajuiaùm `e cgmhg pgr e` c`sn oùvae nm ne nspnitrg hn ^SSas mg i`oja` hur`mtn ne irgo`tgbr`o` y e` iu`mtacai`iaùm ns oàs ncai`z. Yam noj`rbg p`r`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. iujrar ne `opeag r`mbg hn igopunstgs sn rnquanrn hn neuiagmns nm br`hanmtn g igeuom`s igm hacnrnmtn c`sn nst`iagm`ra` `igpe`h`s nm snran. @ nst`s ondgr`s nm e` snp`r`iaùm sn k` umahg e` bnmnr`eaz`i bnmnr`eaz`iaùm aùm hne usg hne hntnitgr hn cgtghaghgs (Haghn @rr`y Hntnitgr, H@H) qun pgsajaeat` e` gjtnmiaùm hn h`tgs hne nspnitrg ^S hur`mtn ne tanopg hn irgo`tgbr`o` y e` hntniiaùm hn aopurnz`s, `peai`mhg ne `màeasas ouetaigopgmnmtns p`r` ncnitu`r `màeasas iu`mtat`tavgs vàeahgs amhnpnmhanmtnonmtn hn e` rnsgeuiaùm g `mikur` hn paig. Ns ouy vnrsàtae y gcrnin aopgrt`mtns vnmt`d`s, igop`r`hg igm ne hntnitgr ^S igmvnmiagm`e, nm ne j`rrahg hn ounstr`s hnsigmgiah`s. Gtrgs tapgs hn hntnitgrns (ceugrnsinmia`, nenitrgquïoaig) oàs snmsajens y nspniïcaigs, mg sn utaeaz`m nm j`rrahgs hn ounstr`s hnsigmgiah`s y` qun sunenm mninsat`r hnrav`taz`iaùm y mg sunenm pnroatar neuiagmns nm br`hanmtn Ne pgtnmia`e hne hntnitgr hn cgtghaghgs p`r` paigs mg rnsunetgs cun um prgbrnsg nm ne `màeasas hn ounstr`s jageùbai`s, hn m`tur`enz` ouy igopend`. Dumtg igm e` KVEI gcrnin e` pgsajaeah`h hn utaeaz`r e` rntnmiaùm irgo`tgbràcai` igog um p`ràontrg hn ahnmtacai`iaùm, janm o`mnd`mhg nsi`e`s hn ïmhains hn rntnmiaùm g tanopgs hn rntnmiaùm rne`tavgs igm ne igmsniunmtn amtnri`ojag hn j`sns hn h`tgs hn KVEI-H@H p`r` pgsajens igmt`itgs amtnr-e`jgr`tgrags, g umah`hns hn tanopg hn rntnmiaùm nm usgs amtr`-e`jgr`tgrag. Nstg sn k` o`macnst`hg nm e` pujeai`iaùm hn muonrgsgs tr`j`dgs nm qun sn hnsirajnm `peai`iagmns hn e` KVEI ` e` hntniiaùm hn um br`m môonrg hn igopunstgs y/g sastnoàtai` tgxaigeùbai` bnmnr`e. Yam noj`rbg, ` pns`r hn e`s puracai`iagmns iuah`hgs`s ianrt`s amtnrcnrnmia`s punhnm amhuiar ` rnsuet`hgs c`esgs pgsatavgs g aopnhar `prgpa`h` ahnmtacai`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm hn egs igopunstgs hn amtnrás, `hnoàs hn e` igmgiah` eaoat`h` nspniacaiah`h hne nspnitrg ^S y su v`ra`jaeah`h igog cumiaùm hne pK. Vgr ns`s r`zgmns egs tgxaiùegbgs k`m nst`hg nspnr`mhg ne `igpe`oanmtg nmtrn KVEI y nspnitrùontrg hn o`s`s. E` amtnrc`sn k` sahg sanoprn ne pumtg hájae nm haikg `igpe`oanmtg y` qun tanmn qun neaoam`r e` c`sn oùvae y tr`mscgro`r e`s ogeáiue`s, hasunet`s nm haik` c`sn oùvae, nm agmns nm c`sn b`sngs`, sam hnbr`h`iaùm tároai`. Yn k`m us`hg hacnrnmtns tapgs hn amtnrc`sns, `m`eaz`hgrns hn o`s`s y oghgs hn hntniiaùm. Yam noj`rbg, e` jajeagbr`cï` oàs rnianmtn nm tgxaigegbï` `m`eïtai` sn inmtr` nm e`s qun utaeaz`m agmaz`iagmns ` prnsaùm `togscárai`, nenitrgspr`y n agmaz`iaùm quïoai` nm igojam`iaùm igm hntnitgr hn nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`s g t`mhno o`s`s-o`s`s. @oj`s amtnrc`sns sunenm ar amst`e`h`s nm ne oasog amstruonmtg y punhnm sneniiagm`rsn amhastamt`onmtn. amhastamt`onmtn. Ynrnogs oàs nxabnmtns igm e` nst`jaeah`h quïoai` y `uonmtg hne pnraghg hn vah` hn e`s igeuom`s. Nm egs ôetaogs `ðgs mg sn `prnia` um` tnmhnmia` ie`r` ` aopenonmt`r igeuom`s hn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. onmgr egmbatuh ma haàontrg hn p`rtïiue`, ` pns`r hn qun sn rnhuiarï` ne usg y igstn hn hasgevnmtns y hasoamuarï`m egs rnqunraoanmtgs `e `igpe`r ne hntnitgr hn o`s`s. E` igojam`iaùm hn e` vnrs`taeah`h hn e` snp`r`iaùm pgr KVEI igm e` snenitavah`h hn e` hntniiaùm pgr nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`s, igm amtnrc`sns ` prnsaùm `togscárai`, tnmhrà qun s`ev`r egs gjstàiuegs qun tgh`vï` eaoat`m su `peai`iaùm, nspnia`eonmtn nm eg qun rnspnit` ` e` rnprghuiajaeah`h hn egs nspnitrgs hn o`s`s, igmhaiagmns hn agmaz`iaùm nst`mh`raz`h`s, y nstuhags sastnoàtaigs, hniasavgs p`r` snr táimai` hn ahnmtacai`iaùm nm tgxaigegbï`. Gtrg c`itgr eaoat`mtn ns su `etg igstg hn `hquasaiaùm y o`mtnmaoanmtg `umqun j`d`rà n amhuh`jenonmtn sn k`ràm o`s pnqunðgs y hn o`s càiae o`mndg. Yam noj`rbg su amtrghuiiaùm nm ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig k` `janrtg munv`s pnrspnitav`s hn hntnroam`iaùm saouetàmn` hn brupgs hn igopunstgs mg hnrav`taz`jens y ont`jgeatgs pge`rns Nm e` `itu`eah`h mambum` táimai` amstruonmt`e ns `utgsucaianmtn p`r` ne j`rrahg hn tghgs egs igopunstgs, ns pgr neeg qun `sastarnogs ` e` bnmnr`eaz`iaùm hn `igpe`oanmtgs, quazàs nm `ebumgs i`sgs sgcastai`hgs, nmtrn nee`s, eg qun y` supgmn munv`s nstr`tnba`s `m`eïtai`s.
9.9 @m`eatai` hne nstuhag hn tùxaigs cadgs. E` nspnitrgcgtgontrï` hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai` ns ne prginhaoanmtg oàs nopen`hg nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn nenonmtgs tr`z` nm onhags jageùbaigs. Nxastnm iu`trg ogh`eah`hns4 ee`o`, iào`r` hn br`catg, v`pgr crïg y sastno` hn kahrurgs vgeàtaens. E` ogh`eah`h hn ee`o` ns `hniu`h` p`r` e` onhah` hn nenonmtgs nm `et` igminmtr`iaùm. E` `tgoaz`iaùm nenitrgtároai` g iào`r` hn br`catg (N@@Y) ns e` ahùmn` p`r` ne `màeasas hn nenonmtgs nm ouy j`d`s igminmtr`iagmns. Ne sastno` hn kahrurgs vgeàtaens (YKS) sn `peai` igm br`m ncnitavah`h p`r` igmsnbuar vge`taeaz`r `ebumgs ont`ens nm cgro` hn kahrurgs (@s, Yn, Yj, Xa, nti.), y igm ne sastno` hn v`pgr crïg gjtnmnr onriurag `tùoaig. Nstg ` su vnz, prgpgriagm` um onhag p`r` `ase`r `e nenonmtg hn e` o`traz hn e` ounstr`, igm eg iu`e sn igmsabun o`ygr snmsajaeah`h y hasoamuiaùm hn e`s amtnrcnrnmia`s. Egs prginhaoanmtgs `m`eïtaigs pgr nstn sastno` nm onhags jageùbaigs sgm ammuonr`jens.
9.9.0 @m`eïtai` hn egs tùxaigs grbàmaigs mg vgeàtaens g Xùxaigs Grbàmaigs Cadgs. (XGC) g mg vgeàtaens sn amieuyn um` J`dg e` hnmgoam`iaùm hn Xùxaigs Grbàmaigs Cadgs (XGC) br`m v`ranh`h hn sust`mia`s grbàmai`s, hn amtnrás tgxaigeùbaig, qun mg punhnm `ase`rsn pgr
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. hnstae`iaùm hn e`s o`trains qun egs igmtanmnm, samg qun hnjn rniurrarsn ` e` `iiaùm hn hasgevnmtns grbàmaigs (nm onhag àiahg g `ei`eamg) p`r` su snp`r`iaùm y pgstnragr ahnmtacai`iaùm. E` o`ygrï` hn nstgs tùxaigs tùxaigs sucrnm prgcumhgs i` i`ojags ojags ont`jùeai ont`jùeaigs gs nm ne grb`maso grb`masog g y, nm igmsniunmia`, punhnm `p`rninr nm egs ceuahgs g tndahgs nm su cgro` grabam`e g igog prghuitgs hn jagtr`mscgro`iaùm (ont`jgeatgs), eajrns g igmdub`hgs igm hacnrnmtns igopunstgs (àiahg beuiurùmaig, suec`tgs, `oamgàiahgs, nti.). E`s prgpanh`hns cïsaig-quïoai`s hne tùxaig y sus ont`jgeatgs punhnm snr ouy hastamt`s, ` vnins amieusg nmtrn egs ont`jgeatgs hn um oasog igopunstg. Neeg hntnroam` um` nxirniaùm i`r`itnrïstai` snbôm egs i`sgs y e` igmvnmanmia` hn rn`eaz`r e` amvnstab`iaùm nm um` u gtr` o`traz (gram`, s`mbrn, jaeas, nti.). Crniunmtnonmtn e` nspnian qun snrà `m`eaz`h` nstà prnsnmtn nm um tndahg g um ceuahg jageùbaig, umahg ` prgtnïm`s u gtrgs igmstatuynmtns ineue`rns. Nm nstn i`sg, punhn snr mnins`rag snp`r`r ne tùxaig (ne igopunstg o`hrn g sus ont`jgeatgs) hne rnstg hn egs igopgmnmtns hn e` o`traz, hn oghg hn gjtnmnreg nm i`mtah`h y purnz` sucaianm sucaianmtns tns p`r` pnroatar su ahnmtacai` ahnmtacai`iaùm iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm. Yùeg rnianmtnonmtn k`m surbahg oátghgs haspgmajens qun pnroatnm e` onhah` harnit` hn `ebumgs `m`eatgs sam e` snp`r`iaùm prnva` hn su o`traz. Ne `m`east` tgxaiùegbg k` nxpnraonmt`hg um irniaoanmtg p`ue`tamg nm ne môonrg hn táimai`s ` su haspgsaiaùm. Nm e` `itu`eah`h e` ieàsai` ontghgegbï` igmvnmiagm`e k` sahg rnnope`z`h` pgr e` amtrghuiiaùm hn oátghgs amstruonmt`ens oàs sgcastai`hgs, hn br`m snmsajaeah`h y prniasaùm pnrg iuyg igstg nenv`hg eaoat` su haspgmajaeah`h nm e` o`ygrï` hn egs e`jgr`tgrags hn munstrg onhag. Egs XGC tanmnm nm igoôm ne usg hn ontghgegbï`s saoae`rns p`r` su `ase`oanmtg, i`r`itnraz`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm. Nm nstn i`pïtueg sn hnsirajarà sgonr`onmtn ne cumh`onmtg hn egs nquapgs nopen`hgs nm su amvnstab`iaùm hn `iunrhg igm ne sabuanmtn nsquno` nsquno`44 Oátghgs Amoumgeùbaigs Amoumgeùbaigs (ZA@, NEAY@, CVA@, @OA@)
Yn `peai`m harnit`onmtn sgjrn e` o`traz.
Oátghgs Irgo`tgbràcaigs Irgo`tgbràcaigs (XEI, KVXEI, BI, KVEI, BI/OY, KVEI/OY)
Znquanrnm snp`r`r prnva`onmtn ne `m`eatg hn e` o`traz, onha`mtn4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg ’ eïquahg|nxtr`iia eïquahg|nxtr`iiaùm ùm nm c`sn sùeah`
(`opgee` hn hni`mt`iaùm, igeuom`s
YVN) tanrr` hn ha`tgon`s) @)- AMO^MGNMY@QGY.
Nxastnm nm ne igonriag muonrgsgs tapgs hn amoumgnms`ygs igm `peai`iagmns nm Xgxaigegbï`. Nm su o`ygrï` nstàm hasnð`hgs p`r` ne `màeasas hn ounstr`s eïquah`s, igog gram`, `bu` y sunrg hnjahg ` qun nst`s o`trains prnsnmt`m pgi` i`mtah`h hn amtnrcnrnmia`s. Nst`s ounstr`s sn nopen`m nm cgro` harnit`, nvat`mhg pgr eg t`mtg ne p`sg prnvag hn nxtr`iiaùm g `ase`oanmtg hn egs `m`eatgs y egbr`mhg um` rnhuiiaùm aopgrt`mtïsao` nm ne tanopg hn gjtnmiaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs (06 oamutgs ’ 0 kgr`). Egs amoumgnms`ygs sn j`s`m nm e` rn`iiaùm nspniïcai` qun sn prghuin iu`mhg um `mtïbnmg sn nmcrnmt` igm um `mtaiunrpg. E` táimai` tr`haiagm`e igmsastn nm onzie`r um vgeuonm hn ounstr` igmtnmanmhg e` hrgb` ` nms`y`r, igm um` i`mtah`h cad` hn um `mtaiunrpg nspniïcaig (ogmgiegm`e g pgeaiegm`e), y um` i`mtah`h cad` hn e` oaso` hrgb` o`ri`h` samtátai`onmt samtátai`onmtn n igm um r`hagasùtgpg, um` nmzao` `itav` g um` sust`mia` ceugrnsinmtn, pgr ndnopeg. Hn nstn oghg sn nst`jenin um` igopntnmia` nmtrn e` hrgb` o`ri`h` (Hrgb`* ) y e` prnsnmtn nm e` ounstr` ( Hrgb`) pgr egs satags hn umaùm hne `mtaiunrpg. Nm cgro` saopen sn nsquno`taz` nst` igopntnmia`4 igopntnmia`4 Hrgb`* + Hrgb` + @mtaiunrpg
Hrgb`*-@mtaiunrpg Hrgb`*-@mta iunrpg + Hrgb` ’@mtaiunrpg
E` prgj`jaeah`h hn qun um` ogeáiue` o`ri`h` g sam o`ri`r sn um` `e `mtaiunrpg hnpnmhn hn su igminmtr`iaùm. Yn rnquanrnm amstruonmtgs i`p`ins hn nv`eu`r ne pumtg cam`e hn e` rn`iiaùm y igop`r`r e` rnspunst` hne tnst igmtr` nstàmh`rns igmgiahgs. Hn `iunrhg `e tapg hn o`ri` ns ne oátghg `m`eïtaig hn onhah` nopen`hg. Nm `ebumgs i`sgs mg punhn hacnrnmia`rsn e` snð`e prghuiah` pgr e` hrgb` o`ri`h` umah` `e `mtaiunrpg y e` hrgb` o`i`h` eajrn, sanmhg mnins`rag snp`r`re`s `mtns hn ncnitu`r e` onhah`. Nstgs nms`ygs sn igmginm igog kntnrgbámngs , n amvgeuir`m pramiap`eonmtn ` egs r`hagamoumgnms`ygs. Iu`mhg nst` snp`r`iaùm mg ns mnins`ra`, pgrqun e` snð`e prghuiah` pgr e` hrgb` o`ri`h` sn hacnrnmia` sa nstà eajrn g umah`, ne nms`yg sn ee`o` kgogbámng. Nst` hacnrnmia` giurrn pgrqun e` snð`e ns supraoah`, `etnr`h` g prghuiah` nm e` umaùm igm ne `mtaiunrpg. Egs amoumgnms`ygs ùptaigs (hgmhn e` snð`e onhah` ns um i`ojag ùptaig, igog `jsgrj`mia` ^S, ceugrnsinmia` g
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. euoamasinmia`) pnrtnmninm ` nstn tapg. Vnrg nst` vnmt`d` sn egbr` ` igst` hn um` onmgr snmsajaeah`h hnjahg ` qun e` snð`e ùptai` ns onhah` nm prnsnmia` hne ceuahg jageùbaig grabam`e. V`r` `uonmt`r e` snmsajaeah`h snmsajaeah`h sn irn`rgm amoumgnms`yg amoumgnms`ygss ùptaigs kntnrgbámn kntnrgbámngs. gs. Ns aopgrt`mtn hncamar hgs p`ràontrgs p`r` egs nms`ygs amoumgeùbaigs4 e` snmsajaeah`h y ne eïoatn hn hntniiaùm. E` snmsajaeah`h hne nms`yg ns ne i`ojag nm e` rnspunst` pgr i`h` i`ojag nm e` i`mtah`h hn rn`it`mtn. Nm um bràcaig hn hgsas rnspunst`, e` snmsajaeah`h ns e` pnmhanmtn hn e` iurv` nm um pumtg hntnroam`hg< hnjahg ` qun ouik`s vnins e`s iurv`s hgsas-rnspunst` sgm sabogahn`s, e` snmsajaeah`h mg ns igmst`mtn. Ne eïoatn hn hntniiaùm hntniiaùm sn hncamn igog e` oïmao` i`mtah`h hn amoumgrrn`it`mtn qun punhn hntnit`r ne sastno`. ^m nenonmtg nsnmia`e ns nst`jeninr ne v`egr hn hasiraoam`iaùm nmtrn um` ounstr` pgsatav` y um` ounstr` mnb`tav`. Nstn v`egr sn hnmgoam` v`egr hn igrtn g ―iut-gcc‟. Nm egs amoumgnms`ygs, egs sunrgs mnb`tavgs ounstr`m um igopgrt`oanmtg qun sn `snond` ` um` hastrajuiaùm mgro`e, pnrg prnsnmt`m um snsbg pgsatavg g tnmhnmia` ` prghuiar v`egrns hn `jsgrj`mia` g tïtuegs o`s Vunhn i`eiue`rsn ne hnsvïg st`mh`rh, `etgs qun egs nspnr`hgs sa sabuanr`m um` hastrajuiaùm mgro`e. mgro`e. HY, igog4 (HY): ? ∐([a ’ o): m’0 m4 m´ hn sunrgs mnb`tavgs `m`eaz`hg `m`eaz`hgss o4 onha` `ratoátai` [a4 `jsgrj`mia` hn i`h` sunrg
Gtrg `spnitg ns e` igmca`jaeah`h hn um rnsuet`hg, y` sn` pgsatavg g mnb`tavg. V`r` ounstr`s pgsatav`s sn hncamn e` snmsajaeah`h snmsajaeah`h igog e` k`jaeah`h hn um nms`yg hn ogstr`r igog pgsatav` ` um` ounstr` qun rn`eonmtn ns pgsatav` (nstn tároamg mg hnjn igmcumharsn igm e` ―snmsajaeah`h hne nms`yg ― hncamah` `mtnragronmtn). E` nspniacaiah`h nspniacaiah`h ns e` k`jaeah`h hne nms`yg hn ogstr`r igog mnb`tav` ` um` ounstr` qun rn`eonmtn ns mnb`tav`. Nm tároamgs o`tnoàtaigs sn punhnm nsirajar igog4 Ynmsajaeah`h ?
pgsatavgs nm ne nms`yg
x 066
pgsatavgs nm ne nms`yg + c`esgs mnb`tavgs
Nspniacaiah`h Nspniacai ah`h ?
mnb`tavgs nm ne nms`yg
x 066
mnb`tavgs nm ne nms`yg + c`esgs pgsatavgs
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Egs pgsatavgs nm ne nms`yg sgm e`s ounstr`s pgsatav`s qun ne nms`yg hntnit` igog pgsatav`s. Egs c`esgs mnb`tavgs sgm e`s ounstr`s qun nm rn`eah`h sgm pgsatav`s pnrg qun ne nms`yg ounstr` igog mnb`tav`s. Egs mnb`tavgs nm ne nms`yg sgm e`s ounstr`s mnb`tav`s qun ne nms`yg hntnit` igog mnb`tav`s y egs c`esgs pgsatavgs sgm e`s ounstr`s qun nm rn`eah`h sgm mnb`tav`s pnrg qun ne nms`yg hntnit` igog pgsatav`s. Gjva`onmtn, ns mnins`rag haspgmnr hn um egtn hn ounstr`s pgsatav`s y mnb`tav`s igmgiah` igmgiah`ss p`r` i`eiue`r nstgs p`ràontrgs. igmca`jaeah`h nm ne pgsatavah`h4 I(+) ns e` prgj`jaeah`h E` igmca`jaeah`h prgj`jaeah`h hn qun um` ounstr` hntnit`h` igog pgsatav` pgr pgr ne nms`yg sn sn` ` rn`eonmtn pg pgsatav`. satav`. Hne oasog oghg e` igmca`jaeah`h igmca`jaeah`h nm e` mnb`tavah`h, I(-) ns e` prgj`jaeah`h hn qun um` ounstr` qun ne nms`yg hntnit` igog mnb`tav` sn` rn`eonmtn mnb`tav`. Nm tároamgs o`tnoàtaigs sn punhn nsirajar igog4 Igmca`jaeah`h Igmca`jaeah `h (+)?
pgsatavgs nm ne nms`yg
x 066
pgsatavgs nm ne nms`yg + c`esgs pgsatavgs Igmca`jaeah`h Igmca`jaeah `h (-)?
mnb`tavgs nm ne nms`yg
x 066
mnb`tavgs nm ne nms`yg + c`esgs mnb`tavgs @ oghg hn ndnopeg, sa nm 0666 ounstr`s :6 sgm pgsatav`s, y ne nms`yg pgsnn um` snmsajaeah`h hne hne 16 % sabmacai` qun ne nms`yg hn hntnit`rà tnit`rà igog pgsatav`s ` 0; hn e`s :6 ounstr`s (: sgm c`esgs mnb`tavgs). Ya `hnoàs sn s`jn qun e` nspniacaiah`h hne nms`yg ns hne 16% sabmacai` qun hntnit`rà ;;: igog mnb`tav`s (1; c`esgs pgsatavgs). Eunbg e` I(+) ? 0>,>% y e` I(-)? 11,;%. Ya nm i`ojag hn 0666 ounstr`s 966 cunr`m pgsatav`s, ne oasog nms`yg tnmhrï` um` I(+)? 21,8% y um` I(-)?1>,>%. Ne v`egr hn igrtn g iut gcc hne sastno` sastno` hnjn nenbarsn h hn n oghg t`e qun oamaoain eegs gs rnsuet`hgs c`esgs, y` sn`m pgsatavgs g mnb`tavgs. Nm ouikgs i`sgs nxastn um` zgm` hn sge`p`oanmtg nm hgmhn mg punhn nst`jeninrsn igm inrtnz` sa um` ounstr` qun i`n nm ns` zgm` ns mnb`tav` g pgsatav`< nm nstgs i`sgs sn nenbarà um v`egr hn igrtn hn o`mnr` t`e hn tnmnr oàs c`esgs pgsatavgs g c`esgs mnb`tavgs, snbôm qun tapg hn nrrgr prghuzi` igmsniunmia`s onmgs br`vns.
Yn punhn nst`jeninr ne v`egr hn igrtn igog e` rn`itavah`h onha` hn egs sunrgs mnb`tavgs (@jsgrj`mia`, (@jsgrj`mia `, oaeaS, nti) oàs : g 9 HY.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Egs tnst hn sirnnmamb nopen`hgs p`r` e` jôsqunh` hn hrgb`s nm Xgxaigegbï` sn i`r`itnraz`m pgr nenbar um v`egr hn igrtn t`e qun mg sn prghuzi`m c`esgs mnb`tavgs. Ns pgr nsg qun egs rnsuet`hgs pgsatavgs hnjnm snr igmcaro`hgs pgr gtr`s táimai`s. Egs nms`ygs amoumgeùbaigs hn o`ygr usg nm Xgxaigegbï` sgm `quneegs hnstam`hgs ` e` jôsqunh` hn hrgb`s hn `jusg y `ebumgs càro`igs c àro`igs nm gram` (gpaàings, igi`ïm`, jnmgha`znp jnmgha`znpam`s, am`s, `mcnt`oam`s, hnxtrgprgpgxacnmg, cnmiaieaham`, ont`hgm`, j`rjatôraigs, tntr`kahrgi`mm`j tntr`kahrgi`mm`jamge, amge, àiahg easárbaig, `mtahnprnsavgs traiïieaigs, nti.). X`ojaám `quneegs qun pnroatnm e` iu`mtacai`iaùm hn nt`mge nm s`mbrn, ne ogmatgrng hn `ebum`s hrgb`s tnr`páutai`s nm pe`so` (iaiegspgram`, ontgtrnx`tg, hacnmaekah`mtgïm`, cnmgj`rjat`e, i`rj`o`znpam`, àiahg v`eprgaig, habgxam`, tngcaeam`, p`r`int`oge, nti.) Gtrgs igopunstgs `m`eaz`hgs sgm ianrtgs pe`buaiah`s nm `bu` y suneg (nmhgsuec`m, i`rjgcur`mg, `ehai`rj, nmhram, hanehram). Yn utaeaz`m t`ojaám p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm snoaiu`mtat`tav` hn oaigtgxam`s nm `eaonmtgs (`ce`tgxam`s, zn`r`enmgm` y gir`tgxam`) n amieusg e` `itavah`h hn `ebum`s nmzao`s igog e` `intaeigeamnstnr`s`. E` snmsajaeah`h hn egs amoumgnms`ygs ùptaigs ns igop`r`jen ` e` hn Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs`. Yam noj`rbg e` nspniacaiah`h ns onmgr, y` qun punhnm nxastar rn`iiagmns iruz`h`s hn egs `mtaiunrpgs nopen`hgs, igm sust`mia`s qun pgsn`m um` nstruitur` quïoai` saoae`r ` e` hne `m`eatg nm iunstaùm. @hnoàs, igog ianrtgs `mtaiunrpgs nstàm hnstam`hgs ` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn c`oaea`s hn càro`igs, hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun mg tghgs egs igopunstgs amieuahgs nm e` oaso` c`oaea` tnmhràm e` oaso` rn`itavah`h igm ne `mtaiunrpg. Egs o`ri`hgrns bnmnr`eonmtn nopen`hgs nm munstrg onhag sgm4 ZA@44 Z`hagaoou • Asùtgpgs r`ha`itavgs ( ZA@ Z`hagaooumg`ss`y) mg`ss`y) NEAY@44 Nmzyon Eamlnh Aooumg Ygrjnmt @ss`y, NOAX NOAX44 Nmzyon Ouetapeanh • Nmzao`s ( NEAY@ Aooumg`ss`y Xnikmaqun) CVA@44 Ceugrnsinmin Vge`raz`tagm Aooumg`ss`y) • Yust`mia`s Ceugrnsinmtns ( CVA@ @OA@44 @YINMH OuetAooumg`ss` OuetAooumg`ss`y) y) • Grg Igegah`e ( @OA@ Hn tghgs neegs neegs ne ZA@ pg pgsnn snn ne o`ygr eïoatn hn hntniiaùm hntniiaùm (hne grhn grhnm m hne paigb paigbr`og r`og / oaeaeatrg). Yam noj`rbg pgsnn `ebum`s hnsvnmt`d`s qun k`m eenv`hg ` su rnnope`zg pgr `ebumg hn egs hnoàs amoumgnms`ygs (iuygs eïoatns hn hntniiaùm nstàm nm ne grhnm hn egs m`mgbr`ogs / oaeaeatrg). Egs rn`itavgs nopen`hgs nm ne ZA@ sgm hn igrt` vah` onha`, pgr ndnopeg um tr`z`hgr r`ha`itavg o`ri`hg igm yghg tanmn um` vah` onha` hn 36 hï`s, oanmtr`s qun um igmdub`hg nmzaoàtaig us`hg nm NEAY@ sunen igmsnrv`rsn nm junm nst`hg hur`mtn `ðgs. @hnoàs sn igrrn ne ransbg hn igmt`oam`iaùm prghuiah` pgr ne o`mndg hn asùtgpgs r`ha`itavgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Egs r`hagamoumgnms`ygs (ZA@, ZZ@) cunrgm egs praonrgs nm hns`rrgee`rsn. Yam noj`rbg, sgm egs qun prnsnmt`m oàs prgjeno`s hn o`mapue`iaùm y` qun sn tr`j`d` igm asùtgpgs r`ha`itavgs qun prnsnmt`m um` snran hn ransbgs p`r` e` s`euh `hnoàs hn prghuiar um` snran hn hnsnikgs r`ha`itavgs qun k`y qun neaoam`r `prgpa`h`onmtn. Vgr neeg, ` pns`r hn su br`m snmsajaeah`h sn k`m vastg hnspe`z`hgs pgr egs nmzaogamoumgnms`ygs y pgr egs amoumgnms`ygs hn ceugrnsinmia c eugrnsinmia`. `. Ne cumh`onmtg hne `màeasas pgr r`hagamoumgnms`yg (ZA@) ns e` igopntnmia` nmtrn ne `mtïbnmg sam o`ri`r pgr ne satag hn um `mtaiunrpg qun punhn nst`r giup`hg pgr um `mtïbnmg o`ri`hg r`ha`itav`onmtn, snbuah` pgr e` snp`r`iaùm hn egs `mtïbnmgs umahgs y eajrns y e` onhah` hn sus igminmtr`iagmns. E` prgj`jaeah`h qun um` ogeáiue` o`ri`h` g sam o`ri`r sn um` `e `mtaiunrpg hnpnmhn hn su igminmtr`iaùm. Yn punhn igmstruar um` iurv` hn haeuiaùm asgtùpai` onha`mtn e` `haiaùm hn i`mtah`hns i`h` vnz o`ygrns hne igopunstg sam o`ri`r, o`mtnmanmhg igmst`mtn e` igminmtr`iaùm hne `mtïbnmg o`ri`hg. E` igminmtr`iaùm hne igopunstg sn hntnroam` ` p`rtar hn e` iurv` hn i`eajr`hg igmstruah`. Yn tr`t` hn um amoumgnms`yg kntnrgbámng pgr eg qun `mtns hn rn`eaz`r e` onhah` hn r`ha`itavah`h k`y qun snp`r`r ne igopendg @b-@i sam o`ri`r hne @b eajrn y hne igopendg @b-@i sam o`ri`r. Nstn oátghg sn utaeaz` nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn egs ont`jgeatgs uram`rags hn ogrcam`, i`p`z hn hacnrnmia`r nmtrn ighnïm`, ogrcam` beuiurùmahg y ogrcam`, igi`ïm`, juprnmgrcam` y habgxam`. E` pramiap`e hnsvnmt`d` hne ZA@ ns qun p`r` rn`eaz`r ne `màeasas hn v`ra`s sust`mia`s k`jrï` qun rn`eaz`r t`mtgs `màeasas igog sust`mia`s qun sn quanr`m hntnroam`r. Egs nmzaogamoumgnms`ygs o`s hacumhahgs sgm ne NEAY@ (Nmzyon eamlnh amoumgsgrjnmt `ss`y) y ne NOAX (Nmzyon ouetapeanh amoumg`ss`y tnikmaqun). Ne NEAY@ ns um amoumgnms`yg nmzaoàtaig igopntatavg y kntnrgbámng. E` `itavah`h nmzaoàtai` sn oahn pgr e` igmvnrsaùm i`t`eaz`h` nmzaoàtai`onmtn hn um igopunstg amigegrg g mg ceugrnsinmtn nm umg igegrn`hg g ceugrnsinmtn. Xanmn ne oasog cumh`onmtg qun ne ZA@ pnrg mg utaeaz` o`ri`hgrns r`ha`itavgs. Yn hns`rrgee`rgm v`rags amoumgnms`ygs p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn `ebumgs pe`buaiah`s nm `bu` y suneg (nmhgsuec`m, i`rjgcur`mg, `ehai`rj, nmhram, hanehram), p`r` hrgb`s hn `jusg (j`rjatôraigs, jnmzgha`znpam`s, jnmzgha`znpam`s, `mcnt`oam`, ont`mcnt`oam`, ogrcam`, gpaàings, ont`jgeatgs hn e` igi`ïm`, cnmiaieaham` y EYH) nm s`mbrn y sunrg. E` snmsajaeah`h y nspniacaiah`h hn nstgs nmzaogamoumgnms`ygs nmzaogamoum gnms`ygs sgm saoae`rns ` egs gjtnmahgs pgr ZA@. Ne NOAX ns e` táimai` hn amoumgnms`yg igm o`ygr `peai`iaùm nm ne `màeasas hn càro`igs g hrgb`s hn `jusg. Egs nms`ygs NOAX nstàm j`s`hgs nm e` umaùm igopntatav` ` prgtnïm`s, pnrg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. mg rnquanrn ne usg hn r`hagasgtùpgs y t`opgig e` snp`r`iaùm hn e`s cr`iiagmns eajrns y umah`s `mtns hn rn`eaz`r e`s onhah`s hn `itavah`h nmzaoàtai`. Yn tr`t`, pgr t`mtg, hn um amoumgnms`yg nmzaoàtaig igopntatavg kgogbámng nm ne qun sn oahn e` `jsgrj`mia` ` 986 mo hn e` rn`iiaùm prghuiah` pgr ne p`sg hn M@H ` M@HK, qun ns ne igc`itgr mnins`rag p`r` qun e` nmzao` beuigs`-3V-hnskahrgbnm` beuigs`-3V-h nskahrgbnm`s` s` `itôn sgjrn su sustr`tg.
Egs nms`ygs hn NOAX sn hasnð`rgm grabam`eonmtn p`r` ne `màeasas hn ounstr`s hn gram`, pnrg pgstnragronmtn sn k`m hns`rrgee`hg `ebumgs rn`itavgs p`r` sunrg. Mg k`y qun sgontnr ` haik`s ounstr`s ` mambôm tr`t`oanmtg prnvag `mtns hn `m`eaz`re`s onha`mtn nstn amoumgnms`yg. Mg rnquanrn rn`eaz`r e` kahrùeasas prnva` nm ounstr`s hn gram`s h`hg qun ne `mtaiunrpg o`ri`hg rn`iiagm` igm egs beuiurùmahgs hn e`s hrgb`s. @itu`eonmtn ns um táimai` càiae y ràpah` hn rn`eaz`r y nstà `utgo`taz`h`. E` snmsajaeah`h hn nst` táimai` ns saoae`r ` e` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`, sam noj`rbg su nspniacaiah`h ns onmgr y` qun punhnm `p`rninr rn`iiagmns iruz`h`s hn egs `mtaiunrpgs nopen`hgs nm ne `màeasas igm sust`mia`s qun pgsn`m um` nstruitur` quïoai` saoae`r ` e` hne `m`eatg nm iunstaùm. @hnoàs, igog ianrtgs `mtaiunrpgs nstàm hnstam`hgs ` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn c`oaea`s hn càro`igs, k`y qun tnmnr nm iunmt` qun mg tghgs egs igopunstgs amieuahgs nm e` oaso` c`oaea` tnmhràm e` oaso` rn`itavah`h igm ne `mtaiunrpg. E` `peai`iaùm hn egs nms`ygs hn NEAY@, CVA@ y @OA@ sn hnsirajn nm hnt`een nm ne i`pïtueg igrrnspgmhanmtn igrrnspgmhan mtn ` Vsaigcàro`igs y gtr`s hrgb`s onhai`onmtgs` onhai`onmtgs`s. s. J)- XÁIMAI@Y IZGO@XGBZ@CAI@Y E` jôsqunh` hn XGC onha`mtn táimai`s irgo`tgbràcai`s, igog XEI XEI (Xkam E`ynr Ikrgo`tgbr`pky), KVXEI KVXEI (Kabk Vnrcgro`min Xkam E`ynr Ikrgo`tgbr`pky), KVEI (Kabk Vrnssurn Eaquah Ikrgo`tgbr` Ikrgo`tgbr`pky), pky), BI (B`s Ikrgo`tgbr`pky), nti. sn i`r`itnraz` pgrqun `mtns hn `peai`re`s ns mnins`rag snp`r`r e`s hrgb`s hn e` o`traz nm e` qun sn nmiunmtr`m amonrs`s onha`mtn `ebum` táimai` hn nxtr`iiaùm. Nm e` pràitai` nstg sn egbr` sabuanmhg um` snran hn p`sgs, igog egs qun sn hnsirajnm ` igmtamu`iaùm. 0- Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`4 ounstr`4 ns um p`sg iruia`e nm egs `màeasas. Amvgeuir` e` kgogbnmaz`iaùm hn e` ounstr`, `dustns hn pK, pns`dn, prginhaoanmtgs hn kahrùeasas (àiah`, jàsai` g nmzaoàtai`), prniapat`iaùm, inmtracub`iaùm, nti. hn oghg t`e qun sn c`iaeatn ne `ase`oanmtg hn e` sust`mia` hn amtnrás. :- @ase`oanmtg hne `m`eatg4 `m`eatg4 sn punhn eenv`r ` i`jg onha`mtn nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg-eïquahg (nm tujgs, nm `opgee`s hn hni`mt`iaùm g nm igeuom`s hn tanrr` hn ha`tgon`s) g nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. sùeah` (igeuom`s hn YVN) hn `iunrhg ` e`s haspgmajaeah`hns hne e`jgr`tgrag. Nm nstn p`sg sn rnounvn ne `m`eatg hn su o`traz grabam`e p`r` gjtnmnreg nm e` o`ygr igminmtr`iaùm pgsajen, nst`jaeaz`reg (y` qun nm su o`traz grabam`e punhn hnbr`h`rsn quïoai` g nmzaoàtai`onmtn) y neaoam`r amtnrcnrnmia` amtnrcnrnmia`s. s. 9- Igminmtr`iaùm hne nxtr`itg4 nxtr`itg4 ne gjdntavg hn nstn p`sg ns igegi`r ne `m`eatg nm ne onmgr vgeuonm pgsajen p`r` `uonmt`r e` snmsajaeah`h hne `màeasas. Yn hnjnm us`r igmhaiagmns igmtrge`h`s, ahn`eonmtn ahn`eonmtn um` tnopnr` tnopnr`tur` tur` onmgr hn 86´I y igrranmtn hn matrùbnmg. Hur`mtn e`s gpnr`iagmns `mtns onmiagm`h`s sn hnjn tnmnr suog iuah`hg p`r` nvat`r párhah`s pgr vge`taeaz`iaùm, gxah`iaùm gxah`iaùm g `jsgriaùm nm egs prniapat`hgs, y` qun crniunmtnonmtn egs prghuitgs ` ahnmtacai`r nstàm prnsnmtns nm i`mtah`hns onmgrns hne ¾b/ oe. E`s párhah`s pgr vge`taeaz`iaùm hn sust`mia`s jàsai`s igog `mcnt`oam`s punhn prnvnmarsn iuah`mhg e` tnopnr`tur` y s`eacai`mhg s`eacai`mhg ne nxtr`itg igm àiahg iegrk iegrkïhraig ïhraig `e 0 % nm ont`mge. 8- Ahnmtacai`iaùm hne `m`eatg4 `m`eatg4 nxastnm hacnrnmtns mavnens hn igopendah`h hnpnmhanmhg hn e`s táimai`s qun sn utaeainm p`r` su ahnmtacai`iaùm. @sï nxastn um mavne prao`rag qun utaeaz` táimai`s igog Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm I`p` I`p` Hneb`h` (XEI), Nspnitrgcgtg Nspnitrgcgtgontrï` ontrï` ^S, `hnoàs hn rn`iiagmn rn`iiagmnss hn igegr`iaùm p`r` e` granmt`iaùm, nti. ^m mavne sniumh`rag amvgeuir` táimai`s t`ens igog e` Irgo`tgbr`cï` hn B`sns (BI) y e` Eïquah` hn @et` Znsgeuiaùm (KVEI) t`mtg p`r` Yirnnmamb igog p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn um` hrgb` nm p`rtaiue`r y um mavne tnria`rag qun utaeaz` e` Nspnitrgontrï` hn O`s`s `igpe`h` ` um ` Irgo`tgbr`cï` snp`r`tav` igog e` hn B`sns g Eïquah` hn @et` Znsgeuiaùm (BI/OY g KVEI/OY). >- Iu`mtacai`iaùm hne `m`eatg4 um` vnz ahnmtacai`hg ne `m`eatg e` iu`mtacai`iaùm hne oasog sn punhn rn`eaz`r pgr um` táimai` harnit`, janm `dust`h` y utaeaz`mhg p`trgmns hn rncnrnmia` purgs p`r` `màeasas. Nst` táimai` harnit` bnmnr`eonmtn ns um` táimai` irgo`tgbràcai` b`s-eïquahg g eïquahg-eïquahg eïquahg-eïquah g y e` nspnitrgontrï` `igpe`h `igpe`h` ` ` nst`s hgs `mtnragrns. I`h` umg hn nstgs p`sgs onrnin um i`pïtueg `p`rtn hnmtrg hn e` Xgxaigegbï`. Vgr nmhn sùeg sn prntnmhn iat`r sus i`r`itnrïstai`s pramiap`ens k`ianmhg kami`paá nm egs hnt`eens táimaigs oàs rnenv`mtns.
9.9.: @igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` Ounstr`. Ne praonr p`sg nm e`s táimai`s hn `màeasas hn XGC igmsastn nm e` kgogbnmnaz`iaùm hn e` ounstr` pgr saopen `bat`iaùm `bat`iaùm hne rniapanmtn qun e` igmtanm igmtanmn. n. E` turjahnz qun prnsnmt`m ouik`s
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ounstr`s hn gram` pghrï` i`us`r um` snran hn prgjeno`s nm egs p`sgs pgstnragrns, igog ne t`pgm`oanmtg hn igeuom`s hn nxtr`iiaùm g e` amtnrcnrnmia` nm oátghgs amoumgeùbaigs. Ns pgr neeg qun, eunbg hn e` kgogbnmnaz`iaùm, ns igmvnmanmtn inmtracub`r g caetr`r e`s ounstr`s. Nm bnmnr`e, mg sn `igmsnd` hnsi`rt`r egs prniapat`hgs hnjahg ` e` pgsajaeah`h hn `hsgriaùm hn `ebum`s hrgb`s.
Nm ne i`sg hn ounstr`s hn s`mbrn nmtnr` g pe`so` v`ra`s táimai`s rniurrnm ` e` hnsprgtnamaz`iaùm hn e`s oaso`s onha`mtn ne nopeng hn s`ens (suec`tg hn `ogmag y tumbst`tg hn `ogmag), àiahgs (àiahg traiegrg`iátaig) g sgevnmtns grbàmaigs (`intgm`, `intgmatraeg, ont`mge y nt`mge). E` cam`eah`h hn nstn p`sg ns rgopnr e` umaùm prgtnïm` ’ hrgb` y nvat`r `hnoàs ne t`pgm`oanmtg hn egs sastno`s hn nxtr`iiaùm nm `opgee` g igeuom`, pgr e` cgro`iaùm hn `brnb`hgs hn prgtnïm`s hnsm`tur`eaz`h`s. Nm i`sg hn rniurrar ` i`ojags hràstaigs hn pK sn hnjn igmsahnr`r e` nst`jaeah`h hn `ebum`s hrgb`s (jnmzgha`znpam`s n.b). Eunbg, ne rnquasatg oàs aopgrt`mtn p`r` nxtr`nr egs `m`eatgs igm sgevnmtns grbàmaigs ns ne `dustn hn pK. Ns mnins`rag o`mtnmnr egs àiahgs y j`sns hájaens nm su cgro` mg hasgia`h` (mg agmaz`h`) p`r` c`vgrninr su p`s`dn hnshn e` o`traz `iugs`, nm e` qun bnmnr`eonmtn sn nmiunmtr`m, ` e` c`sn grbàmai`. Igm nstn cam, p`r` e` nxtr`iiaùm hn àiahgs hájaens sn `iahacai` e` ounstr` (igm KIe :>% pgr ndnopeg) k`st` ` um pK4 :-9 oanmtr`s qun p`r` e` nxtr`iiaùm hn j`sns hájaens sn jusi` um pK4 ; ’ ;,> igm jai`rjgm`tg hn sghag, oanmtr`s qun e`s j`sns cunrtns sn nxtr`nm ` pK o`ygr hn 1 (pgr ndnopeg, igm M`GK 96% g MK9 igminmtr`hg). Ne igmgiaoanmtg hne ont`jgeasog hn e`s hrgb`s pnroatn ondgr`r ne `ase`oanmtg hn v`ra`s qun, sn s`jn, sn neaoam`m pgr gram` igmdub`h`s igm àiahgs beuiurùmaig g suecôraig. X`e ns ne i`sg hn e`s jnmzgha`inpam`s, ont`iu`egm`, cnmgta`zam`s, ogrcam`, ighnïm` y i`mm`jamgahns. Nm e` jôsqunh` p`rtaiue`r hn `ebum` hn nst`s sust`mia`s ns aoprnsiamhajen eenv`r ` i`jg um` kahrùeasas quïoai` (àiah` g `ei`eam`) g nmzaoàtai` (jnt` beuiurgmah`s` y/g `rae suec`t`s`) hn e` gram`. Nm nstn ôetaog i`sg ns hn suo` aopgrt`mia` rnspnt`r e`s igmhaiagmns hn pK, tnopnr`tur` y tanopg nm ne iu`e e` nmzao` hns`rrgee` su oàxao` `itavah`h, hn `iunrhg ` e` o`ri` igonria`e utaeaz`h`.
9.9.9 Oátghgs hn Nxtr`iiaùm. 9.9.9.0 Nxtr`iiaùm nm @opgee` hn Hni`mt`iaùm. E` `opgee` hn hni`mt`iaùm ns ne sastno` ieàsaig p`r` rn`eaz`r nxtr`iiagmns. Nm nee` sn pgmnm nm igmt`itg um` ounstr` (bnmnr`eonmtn `iugs`) y um sgevnmtn hn nxtr`iiaùm (bnmnr`eonmtn grbàmaig y eapgsgeujen) nenbahg hn o`mnr` t`e qun egs igopgmnmtns jusi`hgs
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. tnmb`m e` oàxao` oàxao` sgeujaeah sgeujaeah`h `h pgsajen nm áe. @oj`s c`sns hnjnm ssnr nr amoasiajen amoasiajenss nmtrn sï y prnsnmt`r hastamtg pnsg nspniïcaig p`r` qun sn snp`rnm càiaeonmtn nm hgs i`p`s. E` hastrajuiaùm (p`rtaiaùm) hn um `m`eatg nmtrn : eïquahgs amoasiajen amoasiajenss nstà rnprnsnmt`h` pgr ne nquaeajrag nquaeajrag44 \@_g
\@_ `q
Hgmhn \@_ g4 igminmtr`iaùm hne `m`eatg nm c`sn grbàmai` y \@_`q 4 igminmtr`iaùm hne `m`eatg nm c`sn `iugs`
E` p`rtaiaùm nstà h`h` pgr e` rne`iaùm hn igminmtr`iagmns hne `m`eatg nm `oj`s c`sns. Ns hniar4 V? \@_g \@_`q sanmhg V ne igncaianmtn hn p`rtaiaùm hn `itavah`hns hn @. Hnpnmhn hne sgevnmtn grbàmaig, hn e` tnopnr`tur` y p`r` sgeutgs agmaz`jens hne v`egr hne pK hne onhag `iugsg. E`s sust`mia`s mnutr`s hn i`r`itnrïstai`s mg pge`rns punhnm nxtr`nrsn harnit`onmtn hnshn sastno`s `iugsgs ` grbàmaigs, oanmtr`s qun, e`s sust`mia`s igm i`r`itnrïstai`s agmaz`jens, rnquanrnm e` suprnsaùm hn su hasgia`iaùm oghacai`mhg ne v`egr hne pK hne onhag. Vgr neeg egs `m`eatgs àiahgs sn nxtr`nm hnspuás hn e` `iahacai`iaùm hn e` ounstr` y egs jàsaigs hnspuás hn su `ei`eamaz`iaùm. Ne prginsg igmsastn saopenonmtn nm `bat`r o`mu`eonmtn hur`mtn 96 snbumhgs-0 oamutg e` onzie` y eunbg hnd`r snp`r`r e`s c`sns pgr hni`mt`iaùm pgr ncnitg hn sus pnsgs nspniïcaigs. Nstn oátghg hn nxtr`iiaùm nm `opgee` prnsnmt` snra`s hnsvnmt`d`s4 hnsvnmt`d`s4 `bat`iaùm at`iaùm igm h hasgevnmtns asgevnmtns grbàmaigs sn cgro` cgro`m m càiae càiaeonmtn onmtn nouesagmns qun • hur`mtn e` `b hacaiuet`m e` snp`r`iaùm hn c`sns gi`sagm`mhg igmsahnr`jens párhah`s hn e`s sust`mia`s jusi`h`s, rnquaranmhg e` inmtracub`iaùm p`r` tnroam`r e` nouesaùm.
• nm i`h` i`h` n nxtr`iiaùm xtr`iiaùm sn rrniupnr`, niupnr`, `prgxao`h`onm `prgxao`h`onmtn, tn, sùeg ne 26 % h hne ne `m `m`eatg `eatg j jusi`hg. usi`hg. Ns hniar, sn mninsat`m trns nxtr`iiagmns p`r` rniupnr`r 12,9% hne `m`eatg, pnrg neeg sabmacai` um igmsuog hn sgevnmtn 9 vnins o`ygr `hnoàs hn `uonmt`r ne tanopg hn `màeasas.
• ne nxtr`itg gjtnmahg hnjn sni`rsn (igm suec`tg hn sghag `mkahrg) p`r` neaoam`r rnstgs hn c`sn `iugs`, `mtns hn prginhnr ` su igminmtr`iaùm pgr nv`pgr`iaùm. •
e`s aopurnz`s aopurnz`s prnsnmtns nm e` o`traz sn rnhuinm, pnrg m mg g sn neaoam`m tgt`eonmtn y
pnro`mninm nm ne nxtr`itg cam`e.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nm rnsuonm, e` párhah` hn `m`eatgs hnjahg ` e` pgjrn rniupnr`iaùm suo`hg `e `etg igmsuog hn sgevnmtns hn nxtr`iiaùm, dumtg igm gtr`s ouik`s r`zgmns igog pr`itaiah`h y k`inm qun e`s `opgee`s hn hni`mt`iaùm sn vn`m snra`onmtn r`pahnz hn hn gpnr`iaùm, k`inm rnnope`z`h`ss pgr egs sastno`s hn nxtr`iiaùm rnnope`z`h` nxtr`iiaùm nm igeuom`. igeuom`.
9.9.9.: Igeuom`s hn Nxtr`iiaùm Eïquahg ’ Eïquahg . Ne p`sg hn nxtr`iiaùm punhn saopeacai`rsn us`mhg igeuom`s hn tanrr` saeïin`. Nst`s igeuom`s j`s`m su cumiagm`oanmtg nm e` p`rtaiaùm eïquahg-eïquahg. Ne rneenmg igmsastn nm tanrr` saeïin`, hn nstruitur` br`mue`r y br`m vgeuonm hn pgrg. E` igeuom` qunh` inrr`h` nm ne nxtrnog supnragr pgr um` instaee` prgvast` hn um` kgd` hn p`pne hn caetrg y nm ne nxtrnog amcnragr, pgr p`pne hn caetrg. E` vnegiah`h hn neuiaùm sn igmtrge` onha`mtn um` iàmue` igegi`h` sgjrn e` jgi` iùmai` hn s`eah`. (Cab. 9.:)
Cab. 9.: 9.: Igeuom`s Nxtrneut MX
Ne prginhaoanmtg igmsastn nm `peai`r um` ounstr` `iugs` nm e` igeuom`, e` iu`e p`s` ` snr e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` hastrajuah` hnmtrg egs pgrgs hne rneenmg. @prgxao`h`onmtn ne 16 % hne vgeuonm hn rneenmg qunh` kuonhniahg, oanmtr`s qun ne 06% rnst`mtn sn o`mtanmn snig y `itavg nm e` p`rtn amcnragr hn e` igeuom`, hnstam`hg ` sni`r ne neu`tg. Eunbg hn 0> oamutgs hn nspnr` p`r` egbr`r ne `igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom`, sn `ð`hn um sgevnmtn grbàmaig amoasiajen igm ne `bu`. E` c`sn `iugs` sn o`mtnmhrà cad` sgjrn ne sgpgrtn oanmtr`s qun tgh`s e`s sust`mia`s eapgcïeai`s snràm nxtr`ïh`s hn e` c`sn `iugs` ` e` grbàmai`. Ns hniar, nm e` praonr` p`r p`rtn tn hne rneenm rneenmg g (16%) egs `m`eatgs hn amtnrás ssn n sgeujaeaz` sgeujaeaz`m m nm e` o`traz pge`r `iugs` hn e` ounstr`, pnrg igog tanmnm j`d` g ` eg suog onha`m` pge`rah`h, su
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. rntnmiaùm cïsai` nm egs pgrgs ns ouikg onmgs caron qun e` hn ogeáiue`s amtnrcnrnmtns oàs pge`rns hne rnstg hn e` o`traz. @e `ð`harsn ne sgevnmtn grbàmaig, `rr`str` ` egs `m`eatgs k`ia` `j`dg, hnjahg ` su `camah`h igm neegs. Nstn ceudg nmraquniahg nm e`s sust`mia`s hn amtnrás, nmiunmtr` e` snbumh` pgriaùm (06%) hn pgrgs hn tanrr` saeïin` `ôm snigs. Hnjahg ` nstgs pgrgs `ôm `itavgs, i`oja` e` rne`iaùm hn vnegiah`hns hn neuiaùm hn egs hastamtgs igopgmnmtns4 e`s ogeáiue`s pge`rns (nmtrn nee`s ne `bu` y br`m p`rtn hn e`s aopurnz`s) sgm `tr`ïh`s igm br`m cunrz`, y sn `hkanrnm ` egs pgrgs pgr `hsgriaùm< oanmtr`s qun egs `m`eatgs hn amtnrás igmtamô`m su `v`min k`ia` `j`dg dumtg `e sgevnmtn hn nxtr`iiaùm, rniupnràmhgsn igm um rnmhaoanmtg hne 16% g oàs. Br`ia`s ` nstn ôetaog p`sg, ne neu`tg gjtnmahg sn nmiunmtr` eajrn hn kuonh`h y punhn nv`pgr`rsn harnit`onmtn sam mninsah`h hn um` nt`p` hn sni`hg prnva` ` su igminmtr`iaùm. Nst` táimai` gcrnin aopgrt`mtns vnmt`d`s nm igop`r`iaùm igm e` nxtr`iiaùm nm `opgee` hn hni`mt`iaùm nm e` iu`e, igog sn onmiagmù `mtnragronmtn, ns mnins`rag rniurrar ` v`ra`s `bat`iagmns p`r` prginhnr ` um` nxtr`iiaùm iu`mtat`tav`, e` c`sn grbàmai` hnjn sni`rsn y ` igmtamu`iaùm igminmtr`rsn. igminmtr`rsn. Nm i`ojag nm nst`s igeuom`s4 ounstr`s tr`s mg mninsat`m snr `bat`h `bat`h`s `s hur`mtn e`s nxtr`iia nxtr`iiagmns gmns nvatà nvatàmhgsn mhgsn e` cgro`iaùm • e`s ouns hn nouesagmns y pgr nmhn e` párhah` hn `m`eatgs.
• ne neu`tg mg rnquanrn um sni`hg prnvag `e prginsg hn igminmtr`i igminmtr`iaùm, aùm, • ne nxtr`it nxtr`itg g gjtnmahg igmtanmnm um j`dg môonrg hn aopurnz`s, t`ens igog pabonmtgs uram`rags, eïpahgs y gtrgs
igopunstgs ont`jùeaigs qun pghrï`m hacaiuet`r ne `m `màeasas, àeasas,
nspnia`eonmtn nspnia`eonm tn sa sùeg k`y tr`z`s hn e` sust`mia` jusi`h` (m`mgbr`ogs (m`mgbr`ogs), ),
• sn egbr` um` nxtr`iia nxtr`iiaùm ùm iu`mtat`t iu`mtat`tav`, av`, igm um` rniupnr`iaùm hne 16% g oàs, nm um sgeg p`sg eg iu`e aopeai` um aopgrt`mtn `kgrrg hn hasgevnmtns grbàmaigs, igm rnhuiiaùm hn egs igstgs, neuiaùm ùm tr`msi tr`msiurrn urrn `utg `utgoàtai` oàtai` y ràpah`onmtn hasoamuynm hasoamuynmhg hg mgt`je mgt`jenonmtn nonmtn n nee tanopg nm • e` neuia egs `màeasas, sgjrn tghg iu`mhg sn tr`j`d` igm ouik`s ounstr`s saouetàmn`onm saouetàmn`onmtn, tn, punhn hn ncni ncnitu`r tu`r um` nxtr`iiaùm sniunmia`e ` v`e v`egrns grns hn pK h hacnrnmtns acnrnmtns n nm m hgs nt`p`s, • sn pun
• sn `ho `hoatn atn e` pgsajaeah`h hn `utgo `utgo`taz`iaùm `taz`iaùm g rgjgtaz rgjgtaz`iaùm `iaùm p p`r` `r` rn` rn`eaz`r eaz`r e` e`ss nxtr`iia nxtr`iiagmns, gmns, pgsajen n tr`mspg tr`mspgrt`r rt`r e` igeuom` iigm gm e` ounstr` `p `peai`h` eai`h` p` p`r` r` rn`eaz` rn`eaz`rr um `màeasas h hacnrahg. acnrahg. • ns pgsaje Nm rnsuonm, nm igrtg tanopg sn gjtnmhràm neu`tgs hn br`m purnz` igm `etgs pgrinmt`dns hn rniupnr`iaùm y pgr nmhn ouy junm` snmsajaeah`h `m`eïtai`. Yam noj`rbg, ne nopeng hn nst`s igeuom`s tanmn ianrt`s eaoat`iagmns. Vgr ndnopeg, egs amtnrcnrnmtns pge`rns sgm neaoam`hgs càiaeonmtn, pnrg mg punhnm neaoam`rsn egs igopgmnmtns hn onmgr pge`rah`h qun e` hn egs `m`eatgs hn amtnrás, egs iu`ens p`s p`s`ràm `ràm amhncnitajen amhncnitajenonmtn onmtn `e neu`tg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. @hnoàs, hnjahg ` e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s hn su rneenmg pgsnn um i`opg eaoat`hg hn `peai`iaùm nm e` jôsqunh` hn hrgb`s hn iu`equanr iu`equanr igmstatuiaùm. Vràitai`onmtn, Vràitai`onmtn, pgr su cumiagm`oan cumiagm`oanmtg, mtg, i`sa mg tanmn nm iunmt` ne hastamtg br`hg hn agmaz`iaùm hn egs `m`eatgs hur`mtn e`s nxtr`iiagmns, i`us`hgs pgr i`ojag hn pK g cunrz` aùmai`, igm eg iu`e sn punhnm oghacai`r e`s rntnmiagmns ` vgeumt`h nm egs sastno`s hn nxtr`iiaùm nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sns sùeah` (YVN) qun sn hnsirajnm ` igmtamu`iaùm. igmtamu`iaùm.
9.9.9.: Igeuom`s hn Nxtr`iiaùm nm C`sn Yùeah` (YVN). E`s igeuom`s hn YVN (Cab. 9.9) pnroatnm `ase`r igopunstgs hn amtnrás ` p`rtar hn um` o`traz jageùbai` igopend` igopend` g qun igmtanmn sust`mia sust`mia`s `s amtnrcnrnmtns, nm `etg br`hg hn purnz` purnz` y igm um `etg pgrinmt`dn hn rniupnr`iaùm. Yam noj`rbg ne pramiapag hn nxtr`iiaùm ns ouy hacnrnmtn `e hn e`s igeuom`s igm tanrr` hn ha`tgon`s. E`s igeuom`s hn YVN igmtanmnm um nop`qunt`oanmtg hn saeai` quïoai`onmtn nme`z`h` ` hastamtgs sustatuynmtns, hn oghg t`e qun sn `prgvnik`m `prgvnik`m e`s amtnr`iiagmns amtnr`iiagmns pge`rns, mg pge`rns g j`s`h`s nm amtnri`ojag aùmaig nmtrn egs igopgmnmtns hn e` ounstr`, ne `hsgrjnmtn sùeahg y ne neuynmtn `prgpa`hg. E`s igeuom`s sn ne`jgr`m nm pgeaprgpaenmg p`r` `snbur`r su amnria` quïoai`. Nm su p`rtn amcnragr sn igegi` ne rneenmg, igopraoahg su`vnonmtn nmtrn hgs crat`hgs hn oairg-cajr` hn vahrag, quïoai`onmtn amnrtns. Nm su p`rtn amcnragr e` igeuom` sn nstrnik`, `dustàmhgsn nm ne `h`pt`hgr amhavahu`e qun cgro` p`rtn hn e` t`p` hne sastno` nxtr`itgr.
Cab. 9.9 Igeuom`s YVN.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ^m sastno` nxtr`itgr ieàsaig (Cab. 9.8) igmst` hn um` iào`r` hn vahrag tr`msp`rnmtn hn cgro` rnit`mbue`r, igm t`p` qun pnroatn `snbur`r ne v`iïg nm ne amtnragr hne sastno`. Nm umg hn egs igst`hgs eenv` um tujg hn s`eah`, um` vàevue` hn rnbue`iaùm hn v`iïg y um o`mùontrg.
Cab. 9.84 iào`r` hn v`iïg p`r` YVN.
Iu`mhg tgh` e` ounstr` sn nmiunmtr` nm ne amtnragr hn e` igeuom` sn rn`eaz` ne e`v`hg p`r` qun tnroamn hn neuar e` o`traz< cunr` hne rneenmg sn gjsnrv` sùeg ne sgevnmtn hn e`v`hg. E` neuiaùm snenitav` hne praonr brupg hn `m`eatgs sn igenit` nm um va`e. Eunbg sn i`oja` ne va`e y sn prginhn ` e` snbumh` neuiaùm snenitav`, igm um` munv` onzie` hn sgevnmtns hn pK y pge`rah`h `hniu`hgs. E` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah` nstà i`h` vnz oàs nxtnmhah`, puns prgpgriagm` um` nxtr`iiaùm oàs ràpah` y snenitav` y rnquanrn onmgrns vgeôonmns hn hasgevnmtn grbàmaig. E` utaeaz`iaùm hn sïeain eab`h` p`r` e` nxtr`iiaùm hn ounstr`s p`rtn hn su nopeng nm KVEI. E` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah` ns um` táimai` irgo`tgbràcai` qun aopeai` e` p`rtaiaùm hn igopunstgs nmtrn um` c`sn sùeah` y um` c`sn eïquah`, hnjanmhg ne igopunstg ` nxtr`nr tnmnr o`ygr `camah`h pgr e` c`sn sùeah` qun pgr e` o`traz hn e` ounstr` y `e oasog tanopg snr càiaeonmtn nxtr`ajen pgr um pnqunðg vgeuonm hn hasgevnmtn. ^m` tïpai` sniunmia` hn nxtr`iiaùm amieuyn `igmhaiagm`oanmtg, `igmhaiagm`oanmtg, `peai`iaùm hn e` ounstr`, e`v`hg y cam`eonmtn neuiaùm hne `m`eatg. E` o`ygrï` hn e`s c`sns eab`h`s haspgmajens igonria`eonmtn sgm tapg saegx`mg, sn prnp`r`m pgr rn`iiaùm hn egs brupgs sae`mgens eajrns hne bne hn sïeain oairgp`rtaiue`hg igm um oghacai`hgr, eg qun k` pnroatahg hns`rrgee`r hastamtgs tapgs hn c`sns nst`iagm`ra`s qun punhnm ie`sacai`rsn snbôm ne brupg cumiagm`e nm `pge`rns, pge`rns g hn amtnri`ojag aùmaig. @ cam`ens hn egs ;6 sn hns`rrgee`rgm e`s ee`o`h`s c`sns hn cumiaùm oaxt`, nm e`s qun p`rtn hn egs brupgs sae`mgens sn k`m knikg rn`iiagm`r igm i`hnm`s `equïeai`s hn egmbatuh amtnronha` y
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. gtr` p`rtn igm sustatuynmtns qun pnroatnm ne amtnri`ojag i`taùmaig, pgr eg qun sn punhnm h`r amtnr`iiagmns hn tapg pge`r y `pge`r. E` `p`raiaùm hn nstn tapg hn igeuom`s k` pnroatahg qun e` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`, qun nm pramiapaù sn utaeazù ômai`onmtn p`r` e` nxtr`iiaùm hn igopunstgs igmirntgs g c`oaea`s hn igopunstgs, sn nstá `peai`mhg hn cgro` bnmnr`eaz`h` nm e` sastnoàtai` `m`eïtai` tgxaigeùbai` hn tghg tapg hn ounstr`s. E`s c`sns oaxt`s sgm i`p`ins hn rntnmnr ` um pK `hniu`hg ` e`s sust`mia`s àiah`s y mnutr`s pgr amtnr`iiagmns kahrgcùjai`s igm e`s i`hnm`s `equïeai`s y ` e`s sust`mia`s jàsai`s pgr amtnr`iiagmns igm egs brupgs hn amtnri`ojag i`taùmaig. E` neuiaùm hacnrnmia`e sn eenv` ` i`jg pgr ne `dustn `hniu`hg hn pK y e` neniiaùm igrrnit` hne hasgevnmtn. Nm i`sg hn ounstr`s nspnia`eonmtn suia`s sn punhnm utaeaz`r sniunmia`eonmtn hgs igeuom`s, igm c`sns abu`ens g hacnrnmtns, p`r` praonrg neaoam`r amtnrcnrnmia` amtnrcnrnmia`ss igog br`s`s g pabonmtgs jaea`rns y prginhnr hnspuás ` e` nxtr`iiaùm prgpa`onm prgpa`onmtn tn haik`. Egs c`itgrns irïtaigs ` tnmnr nm iunmt` `e `crgmt`r um` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah` um` vnz nst`jeniahg ne prginhaoanmtg sgm ne `dustn hne pK, e` vnegiah`h hn ceudg nm e`s hastamt`s nt`p`s y ne igmtrge hn egs tanopgs hn sni`hg. X`ojaám k`y qun tnmnr nm iunmt` qun punhnm nxastar v`ra`iagmns nm e` o`muc`itur` hn e`s igeuom`s hn um oasog g hacnrnmtn egtn igonria`e, qun punhn snr e` i`us` hn v`ra`iagmns nm egs rnmhaoanmtgs. Hn `kï e` aopgrt`mia` hne nopeng hn um nstàmh`r amtnrmg `hniu`hg (Jgbusz y ige. 0113). Znianmtnonmtn sn k` h`hg um p`sg oàs nm e` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`, sgm egs hasigs hn nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`, iuy` pramiap`e vnmt`d` ns e` rnhuiiaùm nm ne vgeuonm hn ounstr` y hn hasgevnmtn. Yn k`m pujeai`hg egs praonrgs tr`j`dgs sgjrn e` `peai`iaùm hn nstgs hasigs ` e` sastnoàtai` `m`eïtai` tgxaigeùbai` hn ounstr`s hn gram` igm rnsuet`hgs s`tasc`itgrags (hn Tnnuw y ige. :666). E` nxtr`iiaùm pgr kn`h-sp`in igmsastn nm amynit`r harnit`onmtn nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg hn b`sns e` ounstr` tgo`h` hn e` iào`r` hn `arn hn um va`e knroátai`onmtn inrr`hg hgmhn sn k` igegi`hg e` ounstr`. Ns ômai`onmtn `peai`jen ` igopunstgs vgeàtaens y mg igmsabun igminmtr`r e` ounstr`, pnrg ns `et`onmtn snenitav` y e` o`mapue`iaùm hn e` ounstr` ns oïmao`, rnquaranmhg sùeg um saopen i`enmt`oanmtg i`enmt`oanmtg g e` `haiaùm hn um` sust`m sust`mia` ia` qun c`vgrnzi` e` vge`tae vge`taeaz`iaùm. az`iaùm. Nst` ns e` táimai` hn neniiaùm p`r` ne `màeasas hn tùxaigs t`m aopgrt`mtns igog ne nt`mge, ont`mge g ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg, pnrg mg ns `peai`jen ` e` sastnoàtai` `m`eïtai` tgxaigeùbai`. ^m` ogh`eah`h igm br`mhns pnrspnitav`s ns e` oairgnxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`, qun pghrï` igmsahnr`rsn igog um` igojam`iaùm nmtrn ne kn`h-sp`in y e` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`. Nm um pramiapag sn utaeazù ômai`onmtn p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn igopunstgs vgeàtaens nm `bu`s, kgy nm hï` su `peai`iaùm sn k` nxtnmhahg ` tghg tapg hn ounstr`s, amieusg sùeah`s, y p`r`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. igopunstgs igm hastamtg br`hg hn vge`taeah`h (Y`mtgs y ige. 0113, M`b`s`w` y ige. 0113, Dammg y ige.0113, Oghnr y ige. 0112, Iknm y ige. 0112, Dur`hg y ige. :666). Nm e` oairgnxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah` egs `m`eatgs sgm `hsgrjahgs harnit`onmtn hnshn e` ounstr` ` um` cajr` hn sïeain ccumhah` umhah` eab`h` quïoai`on quïoai`onmtn mtn igm e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` `prgpa`h` `prgpa`h`.. E` cajr` nstà amieuah` nm ne áojgeg hn um` dnramb` nspnia`e. V`r` qun sn prghuzi` e` `hsgriaùm e` cajr` nmtr` nm igmt`itg igm e` ounstr`, harnit`onmtn g igm ne nsp`iag nm i`jnz`, hur`mtn ne tanopg `hniu`hg y ` e` tnopnr`tur` qun sn nst`jenzi` igog ùptao`. Egs `m`eatgs sn hnsgrjnm tároai`onmtn nm ne jegqun hn amyniiaùm hne irgo`tùbr`cg hn b`sns g nm um` amtnrc`sn qun pnroat` e` neuiaùm hn egs `m`eatgs pgr e` `peai`iaùm hn e` c`sn oùvae. Nst` igmnxaùm igm e` irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` hn `et` rnsgeuiaùm `jrn ne i`opg hn `peai`iaùm hn nstn tapg hn nxtr`iiaùm. @umqun kgy nm hï` su `peai`iaùm sn eaoat` ` c`oaea`s igmirnt`s hn igopunstgs, onmiagm`rnogs t`ojaám e` nxtr`iiaùm pgr amoumg`hsgriaùm. Yn j`s` nm e` amtnr`iiaùm snenitav` nmtrn ne `mtaiunrpg y ne `m`eatg pgr eg qun pnroatn um` nxtr`iiaùm `et`onmtn snenitav`, `uonmt`mhg e` snmsajaeah`h y e` rniupnr`iaùm. Mg ns mnins`rag ne prntr`t`oanmtg hn e` ounstr` p`r` e` eajnr`iaùm hn egs igmdub`hgs y pnroatn e` amyniiaùm harnit` nm KVEI
9.9.9.9- Igminmtr`iaùm hne Nxtr`itg. Egs nxtr`itgs gjtnmahgs pgr iu`equanr` hn egs prginhaoanmtgs `mtns hnsiraptgs, hnjnm snr rnhuiahgs ` um vgeuonm onmgr, p`r` `uonmt`r e` igminmtr`iaùm hn egs `m`eatgs prnsnmtns, n amieusg eenv`hgs ` snqunh`h p`r` rnhasgevnregs pgstnragronmtn nm um sgevnmtn oàs `hniu`hg snbôm e` táimai` hn ahnmtacai`iaùm qun sn snbuarà. Nst` gpnr`iaùm rnquanrn qun egs `m`eatgs sn`m nst`jens tároai`onmtn y qun mg sn vge`taeainm dumtg igm ne sgevnmtn. Ne oátghg usu`e igmsastn nm igegi`r egs va`ens nm pe`i`s i`enc`itgr`s (tnopnr`tur` onmgr hn 86 ´I) y j`dg igrranmtn hn matrùbnmg. Ne oátghg hn neniiaùm ns e` utaeaz`iaùm hn e` nv`pgr`iaùm ` prnsaùm rnhuiah` nm rgt`v`pgr, eg qun pnroatn neaoam`r ne sgevnmtn ` j`d`s tnopnr`tur`s (86 ¶I).
8- Ahnmtacai`iaùm y Iu`mtacai`iaùm onha`mtn Irgo`tgbr`cï`. Ynbôm e` A^V@I, e` irgo`tgbr`cï` ns um oátghg us`hg p`r` e` snp`r`iaùm hn egs igopgmnmtns hn um` ounstr`, onha`mtn su hastrajuiaùm nm hgs c`sns4 nst`iagm`ra` (CN) y oùvae (CO). E` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` punhn snr um sùeahg g um eïquahg rntnmahg sgjrn um sgpgrtn sùeahg. E` c`sn oùvae punhn snr um b`s b`s g eïquahg (g um ceuahg supnrirïtaig) supnrirïtaig).. Nm j`sn ` e` CO egs sastno`s irgo`tgbràcaigs sn havahnm nm4
• hn C`sn B`sngs`, amtnrm`iagm` amtnrm`iagm`eonmtn eonmtn BI (B`s Ikrgo`tgbr`p Ikrgo`tgbr`pky) ky) y
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Ikrgo`tgbr`pky) `pky) • hn C`sn Eïquah`, hnmgoam`hgs EI (Eaquah Ikrgo`tgbr Ne pramiapag igoôm ` tgh`s nee`s ns ne sabuanmtn4 um ceuahg (c`sn oùvae) iariue` ` tr`vás hn e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` y iu`mhg um` onzie` hn sust`mia`s sn amtrghuin nm ne sastno` sn prghuin um` snran hn nquaeajrags hn hastrajuiaùm nmtrn e`s hgs c`sns, bnmnr`eonmtn hn hastamt` o`bmatuh p`r` i`h` igopgmnmtn hn e` onzie`, pgr eg qun i`h` umg hn neegs sn hnspe`z`rà igm hacnrnmtn vnegiah`h (hnpnmhanmhg hn sus sgeujaeah`hns, v`egrns hn pL`, i`p`iah`h hn cgro`r punmtns hn kahrùbnmg, nti.) ` eg e`rbg hne sastno`. E` irgo`tgbr`cï` nm c`sn eïquah` punhn eenv`rsn ` i`jg nm igeuom`, hgmhn e` onzie` ` snp`r`r sn hnspe`z` nm um` harniiaùm prncnrnmia`e sgjrn e`s gtr`s hgs g janm, punhn tr`t`rsn hn um` táimai` pe`m`r, iu`mhg haikg ogvaoanmtg sn rn`eaz` sgjrn um pe`mg hgmhn prnv`eninm hgs harniiagmns sgjrn e` tnrinr`. Hn nstn oghg e` Irgo`tgbr`cï` Eïquah` hn @et` Vrnsaùm, KVEI (Kabk Vrnssurn Eaquah Ikrgo`tgbr`pky) ns um prginhaoanmtg nm igeuom`, oanmtr`s qun e`s táimai`s hn i`p` cam`, IIH g XEI (Xkam E`ynr Ikrgo`tgbr`pky) g i`p` cam` hn `et` rnsgeuiaùm, KVXEI (Kabk Vnrcgro`min Xk Xkam am E`ynr I Ikrgo`tgbr`pk krgo`tgbr`pky) y) sgm prginhaoanmtgs prginhaoanmtgs pe` pe`m`rns. m`rns.
8.0- Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm I`p` Hneb`h` (IIH g XEI). E` IIH ns um` hn e`s táimai`s oàs `opea`onmtn us`h`s p`r` e` snp`r`iaùm n ahnmtacai`iaùm hn hrgb`s. Vnroa Vnroatn tn nm ianrtgs i`sgs t` t`ojaám, ojaám, hntnroam hntnroam`r `r snoaiu`mtat`tav` snoaiu`mtat`tav`onmtn onmtn egs igopunstgs hn um` ounstr`. ounstr`. Yn tr`t` hn um prginhaoanmtg mg hnstruitavg hn egs igopgmnmtns ` amvnstab`r, `iinsajen ` e` o`ygrï` hn egs e`jgr`tgrags pgr su saopeaiah`h y j`dg igstg. E`s ounstr`s ` amvnstab`r punhnm igmsastar nm sgeuiagmns, sùeahgs hasunetgs g nxtr`itgs gjtnmahgs nm egs prginhaoanmtgs hn `ase`oanmtg y` hnsiraptgs. E` táimai` hn IIH amvgeuir` hacnrnmtns p`sgs, hnmgoam`hgs4 prnp`r`iaùm hn e` pe`i`, `peai`iaùm hn e` ounstr`, igrrah` hn e` pe`i` y ujai`iaùm hn e`s o`mik`s. @umqun punhnm prnp`r`rsn nm ne e`jgr`tgrag, nm e` `itu`eah`h sn us`m pe`i`s igonria`ens. E`s CN CN nstàm igmstatuah`s igmstatuah`s pgr p`rtïiue`s arrnbu arrnbue`rns e`rns igm pgrgs nm su amtnrag amtnragr. r. Nstgs rneenmgs sn nxtanmhnm umacgrononmtn umacgrononmtn nm um` i`p` hneb`h hneb`h` ` hn :>6 uo (e`s oàs us`h`s), us`h`s), :66 uo, 0>6 uo g 066 uo sgjrn um sgpgrtn hn vahrag hn : oo, sgjrn um cgeag hn `euoamag hn 6.: oo g sgjrn um cgeag hn pgeaástnr hn 6.> oo hn nspnsgr . E`s pe`i`s sunenm tnmnr um t`o`ðg hn :6 io x :6 io puhanmhg igrt`rsn hne t`o`ðg nenbahg (p`rtaiue`ronmtn egs cgeags igm um` tadnr`).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nxastnm v`rags tapgs hn CN qun sn hacnrnmia`m nm su pgrgsah`h, nspnsgr, br`muegontrï`. Yn hnsirajnm ` igmtamu`iaùm e`s oàs utaeaz`h`s. utaeaz`h`s. YAEAI@ BNE4 sn tr`t` hn àiahg saeïiaig kahr`t`hg y pgr eg t`mtg hájaeonmtn àiahg. E`s pe`i`s tanmnm um` hastrajuiaùm umacgron hn t`o`ðg hn p`rtïiue`, mgro`eonmtn hn :6 uo hn haàontrg. E` `hknrnmia` ` e` pe`i` sn egbr` onzie`mhg um `bnmtn hn umaùm igm e` CN. Iu`mhg sn us` suec`tg hn i`eiag (bypsuo) igog ‛‟umahgr‟, e`s pe`i`s sn hnmgoam`m sïeai` bne B. E`s pe`i`s oàs cunrtns us`m um umahgr grbàmaig. E`s pe`i`s punhnm `eo`inm`rsn um` sgjrn gtr` y` qun e` i`p` `hsgrjnmtn ns ouy hur`. @E^OAM@4 (ùxahg hn `euoamag). Ns um `hsgrjnmtn hájaeonmtn jàsaig. Xanmn onmgs `peai`iagmns @E^OAM@4 qun e` sïeai` y mninsat` snr `itav`hg p`r` gjtnmnr junm`s snp`r`iagmns. snp`r`iagmns . LANYNEB^KZ44 sn tr`t` hn àiahg saeïiaig `ogrcg nxastnmtn nm e` M`tur`enz`. Vrgvanmn hn egs LANYNEB^KZ nsqunentgs hn ha`tgon`s (`eb`s oairgsiùpai`s) y pgr neeg sn hnmgoam` crniunmtnonmtn ―tanrr` hn ha`tgon`s‟. Vgsnn onmgs prgpanh`hns `hsgrtav`s qun e` sïeai`. CEGZAYAE44 sn tr`t` hn saeai` CEGZAYAE saeai`tg tg hn o` o`bmnsag, bmnsag, sn us` ômai ômai`onmtn `onmtn p` p`r` r` snp`r`i snp`r`iagmns agmns
hn
pnstaiah`s g neaoam`r igopunstgs `et`onmtn pge`rns iu`mhg gtrgs `hsgrjnmtns k`m c`ee`hg c`ee`hg.. INE^EGY@44 us` prginsgs hn p`rtaiaùm p`r` e` snp`r`iaùm. E`s pe`i`s hn ineuegs` INE^EGY@ bnmnr`eonmtn igrrnm ouikg oàs enmt`onmtn qun e`s pe`i`s hn sïeai` hne oasog nspnsgr. V`r` prginhaoanmtgs hn hn `hsgriaùm, `hsgriaùm, e`s i`p`s hnjnm tnmnr e` o`ygr `itavah`h pgsajen nm egs pgrgs. V`r` neeg sn sgontnm pe`i`s y cgeags nm ne ogonmtg hn su c`jrai`iaùm, ` e` `iiaùm hn umgs 006 ´I nm nstuc`s sni`hgr`s igmtamu`s, hns`egd`mhg hn nstn oghg kuonh`h, b`sns y igmt`oam`mtns grbàmaigs. V`r` prginhaoanmtgs hn p`rtaiaùm nm i`ojag, e`s i`p`s sn am`itav`m quïoai` g cïsai`onmtn nm sus pgrgs, aoprnbmàmhge`s igm hacnrnmtns rn`itavgs kahrgcgjaz`mtns. Egs igopgmnmtns sn snp`r`ràm hn `iunrhg ` su sgeujaeah`h nm egs kahrgcgjaz` kahrgcgjaz`mtns mtns `mie`hgs. ZNSNZY@Y nstàm igmstatuahgs pgr pe`i`s Egs sastno`s hn IIH hn p`rtaiaùm hn C@YNY ZNSNZY@Y iujanrt`s igm p`rtïiue`s hn sïeai` ` iuygs brupgs kahrgxaegs sn ens k`m umahg i`hnm`s kahrgi`rjgm`h`s hn v`ra`s egmbatuhns y utaeaz`m c`sns oùvaens igmtnmanmhg `bu`. Vgsnnm um `etg pghnr hn rnsgeuiaùm y sgm igonria`eonmtn rnprghuiajens. E` c`sn oàs pgpue`r ns `qunee` umah`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. igm i`hnm`s hn I0; (git`hniae) hn 0:% p/p sgjrn e` sïeai`. E`s c`sns oùvaens bnmnr`eonmtn nopen`h`s sgm e`s onzie`s hn ont`mge4 `bu` g `intgmatraeg4 `bu` y e`s prgpanh`hns hn nst`s IIH sn igrrne`iagm`m janm igm egs sastno`s KVEI us`mhg saoae`rns CN. E` ounstr` sn `peai` hajud`mhg igm um eàpaz um` eïmn` ` 0,> io hne jgrhn amcnragr hn e` pe`i`. Ygjrn nst` eïmn` hn grabnm sn `peai`ràm egs nxtr`itgs snp`r`hgs 0 io umg hn gtrg. E` ounstr`, (usu`eonmtn 0 ’ 06 ub) ns `peai`h` nm um pnqunðg vgeuonm hn sgevnmtn (0 ` 06 ue) igm oairgpapnt` g ` tr`vás hn um tujg i`pae`r g um` oairgdnramb` oairgdnramb`.. Eg aopgrt`mtn ns qun e` o`mik` mg supnrn egs 8 oo hn haàontrg, haàontrg, samg sn pnrhnrà rnsgeui rnsgeuiaùm. aùm. E` supnrcaian hn e` pe`i` m mg g hnjn snr igrt`h` g `budnrn`h `budnrn`h` ` pgr ne `peai`hgr. Ne sgevnmtn us`hg p`r` `peai`r e` o`mik` hnjn snr vgeàtae y tnmnr j`d` pge`rah`h hn oghg qun e` o`mik` mg hacumh` ouikg. Ne sgevnmtn punhn `peai`rsn nm `eïiugt`s y sni`r m`tur`eonmtn g pgr `peai`iaùm hn `arn i`eanmtn. Ns aopgrt`mtn qun e` o`mik` nstá sni` `e cam`e hn e` sanojr`, nspnia`eonmtn nspnia`eonm tn sa e` sgeuiaùm igmtnmï` `bu`. E` o`ygrï` hn egs igopunstgs grbàmaigs sgm amigegrgs, r`zùm pgr e` iu`e hnjnm k`inrsn vasajens, prncnrajenonmtn igm um` táimai` mg hnstruitav`. Ns pgr neeg qun `ebum`s pe`i`s pgsnnm nm su igopgsaiaùm hn CN um amhai`hgr ceugrnsinmtn. Yn tr`t` hn ont`saeai`tgs hn @e, Tm, Ig, hn br`m pge`rah`h, hastrajuahgs nm egs pgrgs hn tghg ne `jsgrjnmtn y qun mg snràm neuahgs. E` sanojr` sn igmtrge` nx`oam`mhg e` pe`i` j`dg euz hn gmh` igrt` (:>8 mo), ne amhai`hgr sn nxiat` y ceugrnsin ` >30 mo gjsnrvàmhgsn um cgmhg vnrhn `zue`hg nm e` pe`i`. Egs `m`eatgs prnsnmtns nm e` pe`i` t`p`m `e amhai`hgr `e iu`e mg en eenb`rà euz, pgr nmhn mg ceugrnsin y egs igopunstgs punhnm egi`eaz`rsn igog o`mik`s gsiur`s sgjrn ne cgmhg vnrhn. vnrhn. Ya sn aeuoam` e` pe`i` igm euz ^S hn o`ygr egmbatuh hn gmh` (933 mo), e`s hrgb`s igm ceugrnsinmia` m`tur`e m`tur`e punhnm snr vast`s, amhnpn amhnpnmhanmtnonmtn mhanmtnonmtn hn e` prns prnsnmia` nmia` hn um amhai`hgr. Ns ne i`sg, pgr ndnopeg, hn e`s `ce`tgxam`s. `ce`tgxam`s.
NENIIAÙM HN E@ C@YN OÙSAE Q IGZZAH@ HN E@ VE@I@. E` c`sn oùvae nst` igmstatuah` bnmnr`eonmtn, bnmnr`eonmtn, pgr umg g v`rags sgevnmtns grbàmaigs. Iu`mhg e`s hrgb`s sgm sgm `magmns g i`tagmns cunrtn cunrtnss igrrnm ondgr sa sn `ð`hn ` e` CO pnqu pnqunð`s nð`s i`mtah`hns hn àiahgs àiahgs g àei`eas p`r p`r` ` cgro`r p`rns aùmaigs aùmaigs.. Igog rnbe`, sn utaeaz`m ssgevnmtns gevnmtns càiaens hn gjtnmnr nm cgro` pur` y hn j`dg igstg, nst`jens `e `arn g iu`mhg sn onzie`m igm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. àiahgs y j`sns. Haikgs sgevnmtns sgevnmtns mg hnjnm rn` rn`iiagm`r iiagm`r igm e`s sust`mia`s sust`mia`s ` snp`r`r y hnjnm snr càiaeonmtn rnogvahgs hn e` pe`i` hnspuás hn e` igrrah` irgo`tgbràcai`. ^m` vnz qun e` CN k` sahg nenbah`, ns cumh`onmt`e cumh`onmt`e tnmnr nm iunmt` e` pge`rah`h hn e` CO, pgrqun hn nee` hnpnmhn ne o`yg o`ygrr g onmgr hnspe`z`oanmtg hnspe`z`oanmtg hn um igopgmnmtn hn amtnrás, p`r` p`r` snp`r`reg hn egs hnoàs `m`eatgs hn um` onzie`. ^m junm amhai`hgr hn e` pge`rah`h ns e` igmst`mtn haneáitrai` hn egs sgevnmtns nopen`hgs. Egs hasgevnmtns onmgs pge`rns tanmnm igmst`mtn haneáitrai` hne grhnm hn : (kahrgi`rjurgs s`tur`hgs hn i`hnm` `janrt`4 m-knx`mg, mknpt`mg). E`s igmst`mtns haneáitrai`s hn egs hasgevnmtns grbàmaigs oàs pge`rns tanmnm v`egrns nmtrn 96 y 86 (ont`mge, `intgmatraeg). Ne `bu` tanmn um` igmst`mtn haneáitrai` hn ;0 y ne `brnb`hg hn àiahgs, àei`eas g s`ens `e `bu` punhn amirnonmt`re` pgr nmiao` hn 066. E` igrrah` irgo`tgbràcai` sn eenv` ` i`jg nm um` iào`r` hn hns`rrgeeg s`tur`h`. Nst` iào`r` igmsastn nm um t`mqun hn vahrag snee`hg, `e iu`e sn `ð`hn e` CO y sn nspnr` 96 oamutgs p`r` egbr`r ne nquaeajrag igm su v`pgr. Eunbg sn igegi` e` pe`i` nm pgsaiaùm vnrtai`e hn oghg qun e` eïmn` hn `peai`iaùm qunhn pgr nmiao` hne mavne hn e` CO (066 oe p`r` pe`i`s hn :6 io x :6 io). E`s pe`i`s hn :6 io sn igrrnm bnmnr`eonmtn um` hast`mia` hn 06 ` 0> io, `umqun nstg punhn amvgeuir`r tnmnr qun nspnr`r k`st` : ks. H`hg qun ne tanopg hn hns`rrgeeg `uonmt` nxpgmnmia`eonmtn nxpgmnmia`eo nmtn igm e` hast`mia` rrnigrrah`, nigrrah`, ne oasog punhn rnhuiarsn sa sa e`s pe`i` pe`i`ss sgm igrrah`s sùeg > io, igm neeg sn amirnonmt` t`ojaám e` snmsajaeah`h y` qun e`s o`mik`s mg hacumhnm t`mtg, pnrg hasoamuyn e` rnsgeuiaùm. Gtrg tapg hn iào`r` ns e` umah`h s`mhwaik nm e` iu`e e` pe`i` hn XEI sn igegi` kgrazgmt`eonmtn y ne sgevnmtn hn hns`rrgeeg nm umg hn egs nxtrnogs. E` vnmt`d` hn nstn sastno` ns qun us` onmgs c`sn oùvae, prgvnn um` ràpah` s`tur`iaùm hne sastno` y rnquanrn igrtgs tanopgs hn igrrah`. igrrah`. Xnroam`h` e` igrrah`, e` pe`i` ns rnogvah` hne t`mqun y e` pgsaiaùm hne crnmtn hn sgevnmtn ns ràpah`onmtn o`ri`h` igm um eàpaz `mtns hn qun sn nv`pgrn. Ne sgevnmtn punhn snr eunbg nv`pgr`hg m`tur`eonmtn g j`dg igrranmtn hn `arn i`eanmtn.
^JAI@IAÙM HN E@Y O@MIK@Y. E`s o`mik`s hastrajuah`s ` eg e`rbg hn e` pe`i` sn vasu`eaz`m onha`mtn euz ^S (:>8 mo y 933 mo), igog sn onmiagmù `mtnragronmtn y sn o`ri`m igm um eàpaz. @ebum`s hrgb`s mg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. `jsgrjnràm ` e` euz ^S hnjahg ` qun mg nstàm nm e` cgro` aùmai` igrrnit` sgjrn e` pe`i` g pgr su nstruitur`. Vgr ndnopeg, egs j`rjatôraigs mg sn vnm sa e` pe`i` ns àiah`, pnrg sn vnm iu`mhg sn rgiï` e` pe`i` pe`i` igm v`p v`pgrns grns hn ` `ogmï`ig. ogmï`ig. Yaoa Yaoae`ronmtn e`ronmtn `eb `ebum`s um`s j`sn punhnm vn vnrsn rsn o`s càiaeonmtn iu`mhg sn us`m v`pgrns hn àiahg iegrkïhraig p`r` i`oja`r ne pK hn e` pe`i`. Eunbg punhn `peai`rsn um` snran hn rn`itavgs p`r` pgmnr hn o`macanstg e`s sust`mia`s snp`r`h`s nm e` pe`i`, onha`mtn e` gjsnrv`iaùm ` saopen vast` hn o`mik`s igegrn`h`s. Nstgs rn`itavgs punhnm snr hn `iiaùm ouy bnmnr`e, p`r` e` vasu`eaz`iaùm hn iu`equanr hrgb` prnsnmtn, g ouy nspniïcaigs p`r` um` ie`sn hn hrgb`s (pgr ndnopeg rn`itavg CVM p`r` cnmgta`zam`s). Nmtrn `ojgs nxtrnogs nstàm `quneegs qun rn`iiagm`m igm ianrtgs brupgs cumiagm`ens y gtrgs qun rn`iiagm`m igm brupgs bnmnr`ens hn igopunstgs (ndnopeg, Hr`bnmhgrcc p`r` `ei`egahns). @hnoàs k`y rn`itavgs igog O`rquas g O`mhneam qun h`m um r`mbg `opeag hn igegrns y punhnm snr ouy ôtaens nm prginhaoanmtgs hn ahnmtacai`iaùm. Nm v`rags i`sgs, egs rn`itavgs punhnm rgia`rsn umg ` igmtamu`iaùm hne gtrg, sanoprn qun e`s hrgb`s mg sn`m hnstruah`s g ne pK hn e` pe`i` mg sn `etnrn hno`sa`hg pgr ne spr`y `mtnragr. Nstn prginhaoanmtg sn igmgin igog rnvne`hg sniunmia`e. Egs rn`itavgs hnjnm `peai`rsn ` e` pe`i` igog um camg `nrgsge us`mhg um` jgoj` o`mu`e g um` eïmn` hn `arn igopraoahg. Ne rgia`hgr hnjn ogvnrsn k`ia` `rraj` y k`ia` `j`dg y iujrar ràpah`onmtn tgh` e` pe`i` pnrg sam nxinhnrsn. Ns hn br`m `yuh` `mgt`r ne irgo`tgbr`o` gjtnmahg nm um p`pne, ` onhah` qun sn `v`mz` nm ne rnvne`hg, amhai`mhg e` pgsaiaùm y ne igegr hn e`s o`mik`s. S`egrns hn Zc E` onhah` irgo`tgbràcai` jàsai` hn um` sust`mia` nm XEI ns ne v`egr Zc, hncamahg igog4 Zc ? e` hast`mia` rnigrrah` pgr e` sust`mia` hnshn ne pumtg hn `peai`iaùm e` hast`mia` rnigrrah` pgr ne sgevnmtn hnshn ne pumtg hn `peai`iaùm Nstn v`egr v`rï` nmtrn 6 y 0, sanmhg egs oàs ôtaens nmtrn 6,: ’ 6,2. Ns oàs pràitaig ouetapeai`r Zcx066 p`r` nvat`r ne usg hn hniao`ens. E` hast`mia` rnigrrah` pgr e` sust`mia` sn oahn hnshn ne inmtrg hn e` o`mik`< nm ne i`sg hn ounstr`s ―igm ige`‟ sn oahn ne inmtrg hne àrn` oàs amtnms`. Egs v`egrns hn Zc sgm `cnit`hgs pgr v`rags c`itgrns. E` i`eah`h hn e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` y e` umacgroah`h hne nspnsgr hnjnm o`mtnmnrsn p`r` qun mg giurr`m v`ra`iagmns hn egtn ` egtn. Ne sgevnmtn us`hg p`r` `peai`r e`s ounstr`s hnjn snr rnogvahg igopent`onmtn `mtns hn igrrnr e`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. pe`i`. @hnoàs e` c`sn oùvae hnjn prnp`r`sn igm sgevnmtns purgs y nm cgro` ha`ra` p`r` i`h` igrrah` sa k`y `ebôm sgevnmtn vgeàtae g kabrgsiùpaig igog e` `intgm` y o`mtnmnr e`s igmhaiagmns hn s`tur`iaùm hn e` pe`i` hur`mtn tgh` e` igrrah`. @umqun mg ns mnins`rag um igmtrge prniasg hn e` tnopnr`tur`, hnjn nvat`rsn igegi`r e` iuj` inri` hn cunmtns hn i`egr, hn e` `iiaùm harnit` hn euz sge`r, g igrranmtn hn `arn. Ne `uonmtg hn tnopnr`tur` nv`pgr`r` egs sgevnmtns vgeàtaens o`s ràpah`onmtn, egs sgevnmtns igrrnràm oàs ràpahgs y egs v`egrns hn Zc hnirninm eabnr`onmtn. Egs v`egrns hn Zc punhnm t`ojaám v`ra`r iu`mhg sn `peai`m br`mhns o`s`s hn ounstr` g iu`mhg sn i`oja` e` hast`mia` hn hns`rrgeeg. V`r` tnmnr nm iunmt` tghgs eg c`itgrns qun punhnm `cnit`r egs v`egrns hn Zc hur`mtn um` igrrah`, ns mnins`rag igrrnr nm e` oaso` pe`i` igopunstgs hn rncnrnmia` iuygs v`egrns hn Zc sn`m nx`it`onmtn igmgiahgs y eunbg igrrnbar ne v`egr hn e` sust`mia` hn amtnrás. V`r` igmieuar qun um` hntnroam`h` o`mik` igamiahn igm `ebumg hn egs tnstabgs nopen`hgs nm ne nms`yg, hnjn igamiahar t`mtg nm ne v`egr hn Zc igog nm egs i`ojags hn igegr nm i`h` p`sg hne rnvne`hg. Nstg hnjn iuopearsn nm tghgs egs sastno`s hn CN/CO nenbahgs p`r` su ahnmtacai`iaùm.
I^@MXACAI@IAÙM. Egs `v`mins nm hnmsatùontrgs y prgins`oanmtgs hn h`tgs k`m pnroatahg qun e` IIH sn` um` táimai` iu`mtat`tav` igm br`m nx`itatuh (IS4 :->%). Egs hnmsatùontrgs tr`j`d`m nm tr`msoat`mia`, qunmikamb qunmikamb hn ceceugrnsinmia` ugrnsinmia` g rncenit`mia` p`r` onhar `j `jsgrj`mia` sgrj`mia` y ` vnins vnins ceugrnsinmia`. E`s pe`i`s punhnm ennrsn igm `etg br`hg hn rnsgeuiaùm y e`s o`mik`s punhnm snr nsi`mn`h`s v`ra`s vnins p`r` ondgr`r e` rne`iaùm snð`e/ ruahg. Ne pramiap`e amigmvnmanmtn ns `ôm e` sanojr` hn e` ounstr`. Vnrg nstg sn sgeuiagm` igm ne usg hn oairgpapnt`s i`eajr`h`s, g oairgdnramb`s y ne usg hn nstàmh`rns amtnrmgs.
8.: Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm I`p` Cam` Jahaonmsagm`e . Ya cunr` mnins`rag snp`r`r v`rags igopgmnmtns hn um` onzie` hn pge`rah`h ouy hastamt` rnsuet` hacïiae nenbar um` c`sn oùvae `hniu`h`, qun pnroat` um` junm` rnsgeuiaùm hn tghgs egs igopgmnmtns. Vgr ndnopeg h`hgs egs igopunstgs @, J, I y H, tr`s e` igrrah` igm um` CO hn j`d` pge`rah`h punhn suinhnr qun @ y J qunhnm ouy prùxaogs nmtrn sa y hne pumtg hn sanojr`. Oanmtr`s qun I y H sn snp`r`m janm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Ya sn neabanr` igog CO um sgevnmtn oàs pge`r sn egbr`rà e` snp`r`iaùm hn @ y J pnrg prgj`jenonmtn I y H igrr`m prùxaogs ` e crnmtn hn sgevnmtn. ^m` sgeuiaùm snrï` i`oja`r e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` (nopen`r ineuegs`, pgr ndnopeg). G janm, sn punhn rniurrar ` um` irgo`tgbr`cï` jahaonmsagm`e. Nm nstn i`sg e` pe`i` ns igrrah` nm um` CO hn j`d` pge`rah`h, hn oghg qun sn snp`rnm I y H. Eunbg sn sni` e` pe`i` y sn i`oja` ne sgevnmtn (o`ygr pge`rah`h) pnrg t`ojaám e` harniiaùm hn igrrah` (barg hn 16´). Snmt`d`4 sn `opea` ne i`opg hn pge`rah`hns. Hnsvnmt`d`s4 sùeg sn sanojr` um` ounstr` pgr pe`i` y sn rnquanrn ne hgjen hn tanopg pgrqun sgm : igrrah`s. (e` snbumh` o`s enmt` qun e` praonr` pgr e` o`ygr pge`rah`h hne sgevnmtn qun snrà rntnmahg nm egs pgrgs). Nm e` pràitai`, sn sunen eenv`r ` i`jg nstn tapg hn IIH p`r` e` snp`r`iaùm hn @ce`tgxam`s, `prgvnik`mhg `prgvnik`mh g ne snmiaeeg rnvne`h rnvne`hg g onha`mtn euz ^S hnspuá hnspuáss hn i`h` igrrah`.
8.9 Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm I`p` Hneb`h` hn @et` Vnrcgo`min (KVXEI). Nm igop`r`iaùm igm e`s pe`i`s hn sïeai` bne hn IIH, e`s pe`i`s hn KVXEI tanmnm p`rtïiue`s ouikg oàs pnqunð`s y hastrajuah`s nm um nstrnikg r`mbg hn t`o`ðg (:-2 ¾o). @hnoàs ne nspnsgr hn e` i`p` ns oàs hneb`hg (016 uo). Nst`s i`r`itnrïstai`s k`inm qun e`s igrrah`s nm KVXEI sn`m oàs ràpah`s y oàs rnprghuiaje rnprghuiajens. ns. @hnoàs pnroatnm gjtnmnr um` o`ygr rnsgeuiaùm y um` hasoamuiaùm hne eïoatn hn hntniiaùm. Ygm nspnia`eonmtn ôtaens p`r` egs tr`j`dgs hn iu`mtacai`iaùm iu`mtacai`iaùm.. Igop`r`iaùm nmtrn XEI y KVXEI4
Igmhaiagmns tïpai`s tïpai`s Haonmsagmns hn e` pe`i` (io)
XEI XEI :6x:6
KVXEI KVXEI 06x06
X`o`ðg hn p`rtïiue` (¾o)
> - :6
:’2
Nspnsgr hn e` i`p` (¾o)
066-:>6
0>6-:66
Sgeuonm hn ounstr` (¾e)
0-06
5 6.0
`mtns hn igrrnr(oo)
58
50.>
hnspuás hn igrrnr(oo)
>-06
:->
Hast`mia` hn igrrah`(io)
06-0>
9-3
Xanopg hn igrrah` (oam)
96-0:6
>-0>
Haàontrg hn e` o`mik`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Môonrg hn ounstr`s pgr pe`i`
06-0>
96-86
Eïoatn hn hntniiaùm (`jsgriaùm (`jsgriaùm)) mb
06-066
6.>->
Eïoatn hn hntniiaùm (ceugrnsinmia (ceugrnsinmia`) `) mb
6.0-0
6.60-6.0
Egs eïoatns hn hntniiaùm sgm p`r` sust`mia`s cunrtnonmtn `jsgrjnmtn `jsgrjnmtnss g cceugrnsinmtns eugrnsinmtns
>- Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs` (IB). E` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` pnroatn mg sùeg snp`r`r, samg t`ojaám ahnmtacai`r y iu`mtacai`r i`h` umg hn egs igopgmnmtns hn um` ounstr`, hnjahg `e raburgsg igmtrge ` qun sn sgontn i`h` um` hn e`s v`ra`jens qun amtnrvanmnm nm ne prginsg. Nm nstn sastno` e` c`sn oùvae ns um b`s (b`s i`rranr g pgrt`hgr) puhanmhg snr su c`sn nst`iagm`ra` um sùeahg g um eïquahg `hsgrjahgs sgjrn um sgpgrtn amnrtn qun mg sn`m vgeàtaens ` e` tnopnr`tur` hn tr`j`dg. Vrnsnmt` igog rnquasatgs qun e`s sust`mia`s ` `m`eaz`r (b`sns, eïquahgs g sùeahgs) sn`m vgeàtaens ` e` tnopnr`tur` hn tr`j`dg (g punh`m prnp`r`rsn sus hnrav`hgs vgeàtaens onha`mtn ne usg hn rn`itavgs ―hnrav`taz`mtns‟ `hniu`hgs), qun mg sn hnsigopgmb`m ` `et`s tnopnr`tur`s y pgsn`m j`dg pnsg ogeniue`r. Nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg e` ounstr` sn v`pgraz` nm um amynitgr qun nstà ` nenv`h` tnopnr`tur` tnopnr`tur`,, hgmhn um` igrranmtn hn b`s pgrt`hgr amnrtn y hn `et` purnz` eg `rr`str` pgr e` igeuom`. @eeï tanmn eub`r ne prginsg hn snp`r`iaùm j`dg igmhaiagmns igmtrge`h`s hn tnopnr`tur` p`r` eunbg p`s`r pgr um hntnitgr, iuy` snð`e ns rnbastr`h` nm um irgo`tgbr`o`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nsquno` jàsaig hn um irgo`tùbr`cg b`sngsg. Igog sn gjsnrv` nm ne nsquno` `mtnragr egs irgo`tùbr`cgs b`sngsgs igmtanmnm nsnmia`eonmtn4 0)- ^m` cunmtn hn b`s igopraoahg4 prgpgriagm` e` c`sn oùvae (b`s pgrt`hgr g b`s i`rranr) iuy` cam`eah`h ns `rr`str`r egs igopgmnmtns vgeàtaens hn e` ounstr`. Egs b`sns oàs us`hgs sgm4 kahrùbnmg, kneag, matrùbnmg y `rbùm. :)- ^m rnbue`hgr hn prnsaùm g ceudg hne b`s pgrt`hgr, iuy` cumiaùm ns o`mtnmnr igmst`mtn ne ceudg hne oasog hur`mtn tghg ne prginsg p`r` gjtnmnr rnsuet`hgs rnprghuiajens. 9)- ^m Amynitgr4 ns um haspgsatavg qun pnroatn e` amtrghuiiaùm hn e` ounstr` nm e` igrranmtn hne b`s pgrt`hgr y tr`mscgro`re` ràpah` y umacgrononmtn `e nst`hg b`sngsg. Nxastn ianrt` v`ranh`h hn hasnðg snbôm ne tapg hn ounstr` qun sn tr`t` hn `m`eaz`r. Ne oàs igoôm ns ne amynitgr hn eïquahgs, qun punhn utaeaz`rsn p`r` sùeahgs (nm hasgeuiaùm) y b`sns (onha`mtn dnramb`s nspnia`ens). Yn tr`t` hn um` iào`r` satu`h` ` e` nmtr`h` hn e` igeuom` y i`enmt`h` amhnpnmhanmtnonmtn hn ást` (` tnopnr`tur` supnragr `e pumtg hn njueeaiaùm hne igopgmnmtn onmgs vgeàtae hn e` ounstr`, bnmnr`eonmtn)< sunen tnmnr um` onojr`m` hn i`uikg ` tr`vás hn e` iu`e sn amtrghuin e` ounstr`, igm e` `yuh` hn um` oairgdnramb` kapghároai`. 8)- ^m` Igeuom` Irgo`tgbràcai`4 ns um tujg hn vahrag g ont`e (`inrg amgxah`jen, igjrn, `euoamag, nti.) iuy` egmbatuh gsiae` nmtrn 0 y :66 o, su haàontrg amtnragr punhn snr hnshn 6,0 ` >6 oo, snbôm ne tapg hn igeuom`. E` snp`r`iaùm hn e` onzie` sn rn`eaz` nm nee`, sanmhg pgr t`mtg, e` p`rtn oàs aopgrt`mtn hne nquapg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. @itu`eonmtn sn punhnm utaeaz`r trns tapgs hn igeuom`s4 nop`i`h`s, amtnronha`s y i`pae`rns. Nm tároamgs bnmnr`ens e`s igeuom`s nop`i`h`s tanmnm :-8 o pgr0/8 ` 0/; pueb`h` hn haàontrg amtnrmg. Vunhnm snr hn vahrag g ontàeai`s. E`s igeuom`s i`pae`rns tanmnm um haàontrg amtnrmg onmgr hn 0 oo y um` egmbatuh hn : ` 066 ontrgs. Vunhnm snr hn `inrg amgxah`jen, vahrag jgrgsaeai`tg g hn sïeain cumhah` y igmtanmnm e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` sgjrn e` p`rnh hn e` igeuom` qunh`mhg e` p`rtn inmtr`e v`iï`. Igm e`s igeuom`s i`pae`rns sn punhnm gjtnmnr rnsgeuiagmns snond`mtns ` e`s igeuom`s nop`i`h`s pnrg nm onmgr tanopg, g hn eg igmtr`rag sn punhn gjtnmnr um` o`ygr rnsgeuiaùm nm ne oasog tanopg. E`s c`sns nst`iagm`ra`s nopen`h`s igm o`ygr crniunmia`, hnjahg ` su umavnrs`eah`h, sgm e`s rne`tav`onmtn mg pge`rns hn saeaigm`, igog ontaesaeaigm` g :->% cnmaeontaesaeaigm`. X`ojaám sn k` prgpunstg ne usg hn `ebum`s c`sn oghnr`h`onmtn pge`rns igog 08% ia`mgprgpae ontaesaeaigm`. >)- Ne kgrmg, nm iuyg amtnragr sn satô` e` igeuom`, hnjn pgsnnr um` junm` rnbue`iaùm hn tnopnr`tur`. V`r` ondgr`r e` snp`r`iaùm ne i`enmt`oanmtg hne kgrmg sn rn`eaz` hn cgro` prgbr`o`h`, puhanmhg igmsastar nm um` ômai` r`op` hn tnopnr`tur` g nm hgs y k`st` iu`trg r`op`s. 3)- Ne hntnitgr. Ns um haspgsatavg qun pnroatn onhar hn um` o`mnr` igmtamu` um` prgpanh`h cïsai` hne b`s pgrt`hgr, qun sn oghacai` `opea`onmtn igm e` prnsnmia` hn ouy pnqunð`s igminmtr`iagmns hn e` sust`mia` ` `m`eaz`r (igmhuitavah`h tároai`, igrranmtn hn agmaz`iaùm, `camah`h nenitrùmai`, nti.). Bnmnr` um` snð`e neáitrai` prgpgriagm`e `e igmtnmahg hn i`h` igopgmnmtn hn e` ounstr`. Egs oàs us`hgs nm Xgxaigegbï` sgm ne hntnitgr hn agmaz`iaùm hn ee`o` (CAH), ne hntnitgr hn i`ptur` nenitrùmai` (NIH) y ne hntnitgr hn matrùbnmg-cùscgrg (MVH). Ne MVH ns nspniïcaig y snmsajen p`r` egs igopunstgs qun igmtanmnm àtgogs hn M g V nm su ogeáiue`, igog e`s hrgb`s hn `jusg y onhai`onmtgs, y` qun e` o`ygrï` igmtanmn àtgogs hn M, `sï igog nm ne `màeasas hn pe`buaiah`s grb`mgcgscgr`hgs y i`rj`o`tgs qun igmtnmb`m àtgogs hn M y/g V. Ne NIH, ns hn br`m utaeah`h p`r` ne `màeasas hn igopunstgs nenitrgmnb`tavgs igm àtgogs hn k`eùbnmgs g brupgs matrg g i`rjgxaeg, igog ns ne i`sg hn egs pnstaiah`s grb`mgiegr`hgs y parntrgahns, y ne CAH ns snmsajen ` igopunstgs grbàmaigs qun igmtnmb`m umagmns I-K nm sus ogeáiue`, um` hn sus i`r`itnrïstai`s ns qun punhnm punhnm `m`eaz`rsn ounstr`s `iugs`s, y` qun mg hn hntnit` tnit` `e `bu`. 2)- Yastno` nenitrùmaig hn `opeacai`iaùm y onhah` hn e` snð`e neáitrai` nmva`h` pgr ne hntnitgr y rnbastr`hgr hn e` oaso`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. irgo`tgbr`o` nstà igopunstg pgr um` snran hn paigs. I`h` paig hntnroam` e` ^m irgo`tgbr`o` prnsnmia` hn pgr eg onmgs um` sust`mia`, y ne àrn` amsirapt` pgr hnj`dg hne oasog ns prgpgriagm`e ` e` i`mtah`h hn haik` sust`mia` nm e` ounstr` amynit`h`. V`r` ahnmtacai`r um` sust`mia` sn us` um p`ràontrg ee`o`hg tanopg hn rntnmiaùm (tr) qun ns igmst`mtn p`r` i`h` sust`mia` nm hntnroam`h`s igmhaiagmns, y sn hncamn igog ne tanopg tr`msiurrahg nmtrn e` amyniiaùm hn e` ounstr` y ne ogonmtg nm qun sn hntnit` su o`ygr igminmtr`iaùm (àpain hne paig). X`ojaám punhn us`rsn ne tanopg hn rntnmiaùm rne`tavg, qun ns ne tanopg qun t`rh` nm neuar um` sust`mia` hn e` igeuom`, igm rnspnitg `e tanopg qun t`rh` um` sust`mia` x nm ne oasog sastno`. Nstn v`egr pnroatn igrrnbar pgsajens v`ra`iagmns hne tr hur`mtn ne hns`rrgeeg hne prgbr`o` irgo`tgbràcaig. Nxastnm p`ràontrgs oàs nx`itgs `ôm igog egs ïmhains hn Lgv`tz, qun pnroatnm nst`mh`raz`r ne igopgrt`oanmtg hn e`s sust`mia`s nm um hntnroam`hg sastno` irgo`tgbràcai irgo`tgbràcaig. g. @mtns hn e` `peai`iaùm hn e` BI y hn e` BI/OY, sn rniurrn crniunmtnonm crniunmtnonmtn tn ` e` hnrav`taz`iaùm hn egs brupgs cumiagm`ens pge`rns (àtgogs hn K oàs `itavgs). Ne gjdntg hn nst` hnrav`taz`iaùm rn`iiaùm ns `uonmt`r e` vge`taeah`h, `uonmt`r e` nst`jaeah`h tároai` g hasoamuar ne eaoatn hn hntniiaùm hnjahg ` e` ondgr` nm e` saontrï` hne paig, neaoam`mhg, `hnoàs hn neaoam`r e`s ee`o`h`s ige`s nm egs irgo`tgbr`o`s. Yn ondgr` igmsahnr`jenonmtn e` snp`r`iaùm hn sust`mia`s igmtnmanmhg brupgs cumiagm`ens t`ens igog ’IGGK, -MK, -MK: ’GK. V`r` qun e` hnrav`taz`iaùm sn` nxatgs`, hnjn snr iu`mtat`tav` y cgro`rsn um sgeg hnrav`hg nm cgro` ràpah` y rnprghuiajen. Egs prginhaoanmtg prginhaoanmtgss oàs utaeaz`hgs sgm e` `iae`iaùm, e` ontae`iaùm y e` sae`maz`iaùm sae`maz`iaùm..
3- Irgo`tgbr`cï` Eïquah` hn @et` Vnrcgo`min (KVEI). (KVEI). Igog sn onmiagmù `mtnragronmtn, nm nstn sastno` irgo`tgbràcaig e` c`sn oùvae ns um eïquahg. Yn punhn utaeaz`r p`r` e` snp`r`iaùm hn iu`equanr igopunstg grbàmaig y` qun e` táimai` pgr KVEI mg nstà eaoat`h` pgr e` vge`taeah`h ma e` nst`jaeah`h tároai` hne `m`eatg. Yn `peai`, pgr ndnopeg, p`r` e` snp`r`iaùm, ahnmtacai`iaùm y/g iu`mtacai`iaùm hn prghuitgs c`ro`iáutaigs, nxtr`itgs vnbnt`ens, prgtnïm`s, àiahgs muienaigs, `oamgàiahgs, pgeas`iàrahgs, pabonmtgs, ont`jgeatgs `mao`ens g kuo`mgs, nti. E`s sabe`s amaia`ens hn KVEI sn hnjanrgm ` ―Kabk Vrnssurn Eaquah Ikrgo`tgbr`pky‟ pnrg h`hg qun e` prnsaùm sùeg igmstatuyn um` knrr`oanmt` qun cunrz` ` e` c`sn oùvae ` `tr`vns`r e` igeuom`, sam igmstatuarsn nm sï oaso` um` v`ra`jen hne sastno`, sn jusiù h`ren gtrg sabmacai`hg ` e`s y` t`m igmgiah`s sabe`s, rnsuet`mhg nm ―Kabk Vnrcgro`min Eaquah Ikrgo`tgbr`pky‟.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Egs pramiap`ens igopgmnmtns hn um irgo`tgbr`cg eaquahg sgm e` c`sn oùvae igmtnmah` nm um rnsnrvgrag, ne iu`e eenb` ` e` jgoj` qun suoamastr` um ceudg igmtamug y igmst`mtn y `ei`mz` e` igeuom`, p`s`mhg prnva`onmtn pgr e` vàevue` hn amyniiaùm. E` CO `tr`vans` e` igeuom` y cam`eonmtn eenb` `e hntnitgr, eunbg hn eg iu`e p`s` pgr um` vàevue` qun pnroatn su igenit`hg g janm su hnsi`rb`. hnsi`rb`. 0)- Znsnrvgrag hn sgevnmtns4 ns ne rniapanmtn qun igmtanmn e` c`sn oùvae (iu`equanr cr`sig hn vahrag g pgeïonrg rnsastnmtn, hn junm` i`eah`h, igm t`p`). Nm bnmnr`e sn ujai` pgr nmiao` hne mavne hn e` jgoj` p`r` qun e` cunrz` hn br`vnh`h harad` ne sgevnmtn k`ia` ást`, o`mtnmanmhg e`s igmnxagmns eenm`s. E` CO hnjn snr hn i`eah`h irgo`tgbràcai`, ns hniar, eajrn hn sust`mia`s grbàmai`s y hn p`rtïiue`s o`ygrns hn 6,> uo. Nm ne nxtrnog hne tujg hn s`eah` hn sgevnmtn sn igmnit` um caetrg hn `inrg (juzg) qun aopahn ne ambrnsg hn p`rtïiue`s ` e` jgoj`. :)- Xujnrï`s4 e` CO nopen`h` nm KVEI hnjn iariue`r pgr tujnrï`s qun igmnit`m egs igopgmnmtns hne nquapg. Gjva`onmtn nst`s tujnrï`s hnjnm snr amnrtns, nopenàmhgsn tujgs hn `inrg amgxah`jens p`r` igmnit`r egs igopgmnmtns sgontahgs ` `et` prnsaùm (nmtrn jgoj`amynitgr, amynitgr’igeuom`, igeuom`-hntnitgr y hntnitgrns nmtrn sï). @hnoàs sn us`m tujnrï`s pgeaoárai`s (pgeaprgpaenmg g tnceùm) p`r` igmnit`r egs igopgmnmtns hgmhn e` prnsaùm ns `togscárai` g eabnr`onmtn supnragr (rnsnrvgrag-jgoj (rnsnrvgrag-jgoj`, `, hntnitgr-cr`sig hn hnspnrhaiag hnspnrhaiags). s). 9)- Jgoj`4 aopues` aopues` e` c`sn oùvae hnsh hnshn n ne rnsnrvgrag hn sgevnmtn sgevnmtn `e amynitg amynitgrr y hn `eeï ` e` igeuom`. E`s oàs us`h`s ssgm gm e`s jgoj` jgoj`ss hn pastùm. V`r` iujrar ne `opeag r`mbg hn igopunstgs ` snp`r`r sn k`m prgpunstg neuiagmns nm br`hanmtn, ns hniar, sn v`rï` e` igopgsaiaùm hn e` CO (pgrinmt`dns hn egs sgevnmtns) igonmz`mhg e` neuiaùm igm um sgevnmtn hájae y `uonmt`mhg prgbrnsav`onmtn e` prgpgriaùm hne sgevnmtn ―cunrtn‟. V`r` cgro`r nstgs br`hanmtns sn nopen` bnmnr`eonmtn um` jgoj` y vàevue`s sgenmgahns qun nmtrnb`m i`h` sgevnmtn nm um` iào`r` hn onzie`hg hn pnqunðg vgeuonm< e` c`sn oùvae cgro`h` nm i`h` amst`mtn ns nmtrnb`h` ` e` jgoj`. 8) Amynitgr4 ns um` vàevue` qun pnroatn e` amtrghuiiaùm hn e` ounstr` nm sgeuiaùm sam amtnrruopar ne i`uh`e hn sgevnmtn ` tr`vás hne sastno`. E`s prgtnïm`s prnsnmtns nm e` o`trains jageùbai`s hnjnm neaoam`rsn `mtns hn amynit`r e` ounstr` p`r` nvat`r qun prniapatnm hnmtrg hne nquapg. @hnoàs e` ounstr`s y nstàmh`rns ` amynit`r hnjnm nst`r tgt`eonmtn eajrns hn p`rtïiue`s nm suspnmsaùm, y` qun punhnm r`y`r egs sneegs hne amynitgr g jegqun`r tujnrï`s. V`r` neeg sn utaeaz`m caetrgs hnsogmt`jens g cadgs hn 6,8> g 6,:: ¾o. >)- Igeuom` Irgo`tgbràcai`4 nm bnmnr`e ns hn `inrg amgxah`jens, hn :> ` 96 io hn egmbatuh y : - 8 oo hn haàontrg amtnrmg, `umqun nm e` `itu`eah`h nxastn v`ranh`h nm ne t`o`ðg y egmbatuh o`tnra`e (igeuom`s hn `inrg rniujanrtg igm vahrag, peàstai`s, nti.). E`s CN utaeaz`h`s nm KVEI tanmnm um t`o`ðg hn p`rtïiue`s ouy pnqunðg (>- 06 uo) p`r` c`vgrninr e` amtnr`iiaùm nmtrn e`s ogeáiue`s hn ounstr` y e` CO y `uonmt`r hn nstn oghg e`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ncaianmia` nm e` snp`r`iaùm hn egs igopgmnmtns. @hnoàs e` i`mtah`h hn CN ns j`d`, eg qun hasoamuyn ne t`o`ðg hn e`s igeuom`s y egs tanopgs hn igrrah`. igrrah`. Ne oni`masog oàs igoôm, ns e` irgo`tgbr`cï` nm c`sn eab`h`. E`s CN amvgeuir`h`s sn hnmgoam`m c`sns quïoai`onmtn umah`s (JVI), tanmnm sïeai` igog sgpgrtn, y hacnrnmtns brupgs quïoaigs umahgs ` sus brupgs sae`mgens. Ygm ouy v`ra`jens nm iu`mtg ` pge`rah`h y snenitavah`h hn `iunrhg `e ―eïquahg‟ umahg ` e` saeai`4 I 0; (git`hniaesae`mg), I ; (gitasae`mg), I : (haontaesae`mg), IM (matraeg), MK:( `oamgprgpae), hage. E`s oàs us`h`s nm Xgxaigeba` sgm e`s hn I0; y I ;, hn j`d` pge`rah`h qun utaeaz`m igog c`sn oùvae onzie`s hn `bu `bu` ` (g sgeuiagmns s` s`eam`s, eam`s, juccnrs) igm sg sgevnmtns evnmtns grbàmaig grbàmaigss pge`rns ( pgr ndnopeg, `intgmatraeg, ont`mge) Nxastnm gtrgs tapgs hn CN, CN, igog e`s j`s`h` j`s`h`ss nm e` `hsgriaù `hsgriaùm, m, nm ne amtnri`ojag aù aùmaig, maig, y nm e` nxieusaùm ogeniue`r. 3) Hntnitgrns4 egs hntnitgrns bnmnr`ens oahnm ne i`ojag hn `ebum` prgpanh`h cïsai` hn e` CO qun igmtanmn `e `m`eatg nm igop`r`iaùm igm e` CO pur`, pgr ndnopeg, ne hntnitgr hn ïmhain hn rncr`iiaùm. Egs hntnitgrns snenitavgs sgm `quneegs snmsajens ` `ebum` prgpanh`h hne sgeutg, pgr ndnopeg, ne hntnitgr ^S qun prghuiarà um` snð`e prgpgriagm`e ` e` `jsgrj`mia` hne sgeutg ` um` h`h` egmbatuh hn gmh`< ne hntnitgr hn ceugrnsinmia` nopen`hg p`r` e` hntniiaùm hn sgeutgs igm ceugrnsinmia` m`tur`e g igmcnrah` pgr rn`iiaùm igm um rn`itavg ceugrgbámaig (y` qun KVEI t`ojaám punhn rniurrarsn ` e` hnrav`taz`iaùm) y ne hntnitgr nenitrgquïoaig, nopen`hg nm e` hntniiaùm hn `m`eatgs i`p`ins hn gxah`rsn g rnhuiarsn `mtn e` `peai`iaùm hn um pgtnmia`e. 2)- Yastno` nenitrùmaig nenitrùmaig hn `opeacai`iaùm y onhah` hn e` snð`e neáitrai` nmva`h` pgr ne hntnitgr y rnbastr`hgr hn e` oaso`. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn ounstr` um iu` iu`hrg hrg igop`r`ta igop`r`tavg vg nmtrn BI y KVEI KVEI..
IB
KVEI
Igopunstgs B`sns, eïquahgs g sùeahgs vgeàtaens Eïquahgs g sùeahgs mg vge`taens ` `m`eaz`r
g i`p`ins hn snr vge`taeaz`hgs, hn Igopunstgs tnrogeàjaens, g hn `etg j`dg pnsg ogeniue`r.
Amceunmia`
pnsg ogeniue`r.
E` CO ns um saopen i`rranr hne E` CO ns ne p`ràontrg cumh`onmt`e
hn e` c`sn sgeutg y pràitai`onmtn mg amceuyn qun bgjanrm` e` snp`r`iaùm. E` CO mg oùvae
nm e` snp`r`iaùm. Ne b`s ` us`r ns amnrtn. hnpnmhn hne hntnitgr.
Igeuom`s
Yn rnquanrnm ouikgs tapgs hn ^m` sge` igeuom` ns i`p`z hn snp`r`r
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. igeuom`s p`r` `j`ri`r tgh`s e`s sust`mia`s pge`rns, aùmai`s, mg pge`rns snp`r`iagmns pgsajens Hntnitgrns
saopenonmtn oghacai`mhg oghacai`mhg e` CO
Hacnrnmia`m càiaeonmtn ne sgeutg hn Hnjnm hacnrnmia`r ne sgeutg nm sgeuiaùm, e` CO (b`s amnrtn). Vgr ndnopeg4 hn e` c`sn oùvae (eaquah` nm `et` i`ptur` nenitrùmai`, agmaz`iaùm nm prgpgriaùm). Vgr ndnopeg4 ceugrnsinmia` ee`o`, nti.
^S, nenitrgquïoaig, nti.
@e abu`e qun nm BI, e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn um` sust`mia` pgr KVEI sn j`s` nm ne tanopg hn rntnmiaùm gjtnmahg, igop`r`hg igm tnstabgs, igm e`s igmsniunmtns hacaiuet`hns nm iu`mtg ` su rnprghuiajaeah`h. rnprghuiajae ah`h. @hnoàs, ` pns`r hn iuah`hgs`s pura puracai`iagmns, cai`iagmns, ianrt`s am amtnrcnrnmia`s tnrcnrnmia`s punh punhnm nm amhuiar rnsuet`hgs c`esgs pgsatavgs g aopnhar um` `hniu`h` ahnmtacai`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm. Vgr gtrg e`hg, punhn giurrar qun `ebum`s sust`mia`s neuy`m dumt`s g ouy prùxao`s. Ns hniar nm v`ra`s gpgrtumah`hns, ne tanopg hn rntnmiaùm mg ns sucaianmtn p`r` prgpgriagm`r um` amcgro`iaùm hncamatav`, pgr eg qun igmvanmn rniurrar ` um oátghg hn igmcaro`iaùm igog e` nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`s (OY). E` snp`r`iaùm sn rn`eaz` igm ne IB (g ne KVEI) hn `iunrhg ` sus tanopgs rne`tavgs y e` hntnroam`iaùm sn k`in pgr e` cr`bonmt`iaùm hn egs agmns i`r`itnrïstaigs hne `m`eatg4 BI-OY y KVEI-OY.
2- Nspnitrgontrï` hn O`s`s. E` nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`s ns um` pghnrgs` táimai` `m`eïtai` us`h` p`r` ahnmtacai`r igopunstgs hnsigmgiahgs, hnsigmgiahgs, iu`mtacai`r o`tnra`ens igmgiahgs y neuiah`r e`s prgpanh`h prgpanh`hns ns quïoai`s y nstruitur`ens hn e`s ogeáiue`s. E` ounstr`, punhn snr um sùeahg, eïquahg g v`p v`pgr gr pnrg ne nspnitrùontrg hn o`s`s, o`s`s, rnquanrn qun e` ounstr` sn` tr`mscgro`h` nm um b`s. Vgr neeg nm ne praonr p`sg e` ounstr` ns amtrghuiah` hnmtrg hn e` iào`r` hn v`iïg y eunbg agmaz`h` nm e` cunmtn hn agmns. Egs agmns, egs iu`ens nstàm nm c`sn b`sngs`, sgm hastrajuahgs nm ne `m`eaz`hgr hn o`s`s hn `iunrhg ` su rne`iaùm o`s` / i`rb` (o/z) y eunbg igenit`hgs pgr ne hntnitgr. Nm ne hntnitgr hntnitgr,, egs agmns bnmnr`m um` snð`e neáitrai` prgpgriagm`e ` su môonrg. Ne sastno` hn h`tgs rnbastr` nst`s snð`ens neáitrai`s y eunbg e`s igmvanrtn nm ne nspnitrg hn o`s`s. ^m nspnitrg hn o`s` ns um br`caig hn e` `jumh`mia` hn agmns vnrsus e` rne`iaùm o`s`-i`rb`. Egs agmns y sus `jumh`mia`s sarvnm p`r` nst`jeninr ne pnsg ogeniue`r y e` nstruitur` hn egs igopunstgs qun nstàm sanmhg `m`eaz`hgs. `m`eaz`hgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Agmaz`iaùm
Hastrajuiaùm hn agmns
Cunmtn hn agmaz`iaùm
@M@EAT@HGZ hn o`s`s
Hntniiaùm hn agmns
Hntnitgr
YAYXNO@ HN h`tgs NMXZ@
Vrgins`oanmtg hn h`tgs
Nspnitrg hn O`s`s
Amtrghuiiaùm hn e` ounstr`
Nsquno` hn egs igopgmnmtns hn um nspnitrùontrg hn o`s`s. o`s`s.
^m saopen igopunstg punhn b bnmnr`r nmnr`r v` v`rags rags cr`bonmtg cr`bonmtgs. s. Hgs ig igopunstgs opunstgs ag agmaz`hgs maz`hgs saouetàmn`onmtn irn`m um nspnitrg sge`p`hg g supnrpunstg. Nmtgmins p`r` gjtnmnr ne nspnitrg saouetàmn`onmtn hn o`s` hn um igopunstg, e`s onzie`s hn igopunstgs hnjnm snr snp`r`hgs nm sus igopgmnmtns amhavahu`ens prnva`onmtn `e `màeasas pgr nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`s. E` Irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` ns `opea`onmtn us`h` igm nstn cam, hn oghg qun egs igopunstgs snp`r`hgs nm c`sn v`pgr, nmtr`m `e nspnitrùontrg y sgm `m`eaz`hgs sniunmia`eonmtn. O`s rnianmtnonmtn Irgo`tùbr`cgs eïquahgs, Irgo`tùbr`cgs hn ceuahgs supnrirïtaigs y nquapgs hn nenitrgcgrnsas i`pae`r k`m sahg igmnit`hgs ` um OY. Igog sn onmiagmù `mtnragronmtn, egs prginsgs qun giurrnm nm um nspnitrùontrg hn o`s`s sgm4 0) agmaz`iaùm, :) hastrajuiaùm hn e`s o`s`s y 9) hntniiaùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. 0) AGMAT@IAGM. Egs hgs oátghgs hn agmaz`iaùm oàs us`hgs sgm ne aop`itg nenitrùmaig y e` agmaz`iaùm quïoai`. Ne aop`itg nenitrùmaig ns um prginsg cïsaig hgmhn sn tr`mscanrn nmnrbï` onha`mtn e` igeasaùm hn nenitrgmns igm e`s ogeáiue`s hn e` ounstr` nm c`sn b`sngs`. Hnjahg ` qun e` nmnrbï` hn egs nenitrgmns hn jgoj`rhng ns bnmnr`eonmtn ouikg oàs br`mhn qun e` hn e`s umagmns ogeniue`rns iu`mhg giurrn e` amtnr`iiaùm e`s umagmns sn rgopnm y sn cgro`m cr`bonmtgs aùmaigs. Egs agmns mnb`tavgs cgro`hgs y egs nenitrgmns sgm `tr`ïhgs pgr um iàtghg i`rb`hg pgsatav`onmtn g um` tr`op` hn nenitrgmns. E`s ogeáiue`s y cr`bonmtgs mnutrgs qun mg sgm agmaz`hgs sgm jgojn`hgs endgs. Egs agmns pgsatavgs sgm aopues`hgs hnmtrg hne `m`eaz`hgr y nmcgi`hgs k`ia` um sastno` hn enmtns. E` nmnrbï` nopen`h` nm e` agmaz`iaùm nenitrùmai` punhn igmhuiar ` um` cr`bonmt`iaùm nxinsav`, hnd`mhg pgi` g mambum` tr`z` hne aùm ogeniue`r. Nm `usnmia` hn um aùm ogeniue`r, ne pnsg y e` nstruitur` mg sgm càiaens hn hn hntnroam`r. Nstg k` igmhuiahg igmhuiahg `e hns`rrgeeg h hn n táimai`s hn agmaz`iaùm hn j`d` nmnrbï`, igog e` agmaz`iaùm quïoai`. Nm nst` táimai`, sn prghuinm agmns pgr um prginsg rne`tav`onmtn su`vn hn tr`mscnrnmia` hn prgtgmns iu`mhg e` ounstr` sn onzie` igm um nxinsg hn rn`itavg b`sngsg agmaz`hg igog ont`mg, asgjut`mg, `ogmï`ig, nti. Egs agmns grabam`hgs tnmhràm um` umah`h hn o`s` o`ygr. @itu`eonmtn nxastnm gtr`s oátghgs hn agmaz`iaùm agmaz`iaùm,, igmgiah`s igog táimai`s hn agmaz`iaùmhnsgriaùm, iuy` br`m vnmt`d` vnmt`d` ns qun punhnm `peai`rsn ` ogeáiue`s ogeáiue`s cràbaens g mg vgeàtaens vgeàtaens.. :) HAYXZAJ^IAÙM HN O@Y@Y. Egs trns `m`eaz`hgrns o`s `opea`onmtn utaeaz`hgs sgm4 snitgrns o`bmátaig y neáitraig, iu`hrupgegs y tr`op` tr`op` hn agmns agmns.. Gtrgs hgs nstàm san sanmhg mhg us`hgs igm o`ygr crniu crniunmia` nmia` nm e`jgr`tgrags hn amvnstab`iaùm4 cguranr tr`mscgro agm iyiegtrgm rnsgm`min (CX-AIZ) y ne tanopg hn vuneg (XGC). :) HNXNIIAÙM. Egs nspnitrùontrgs hn o`s` punhnm gpnr`r nm hgs oghgs hacnrnmtns, ne rnbastrg tgt`e g ―cuee si`m‟ y ne hn agmns sneniiagm`hgs ― snenitnh agm ogmatgramb‟ (YAO). Nm e` ogh`eah`h hn rnbastrg tgt`e, ne nspnitrùontrg j`rrn tghgs egs agmns prnsnmtns hnmtrg hn um r`mbg hn v`egrns o`s`/i`rb`, qun mgro`eonmtn gsiae` nmtrn 86 y 3>6. Nm e` ogh`eah`h YAO, ne amstruonmtg sn prnp`r` p`r` hntnit`r ômai`onmtn um aùm ( samben agm ogmatgramb ) g v`rags agmns (ouetapen agm ogmatgramb ) hn `jumh`mia` rne`tav`onmtn br`mhn, g hn rne`iaùm o`s` / i`rb` sabmacai`tav` nm ne
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. nspnitrg hn o`s`s hne igopunstg igopunstg hn amtnrás, rnsuet` rnsuet`mhg mhg um irgo`tgbr`o irgo`tgbr`o` ` qun rnspgmhn sùeg ` igopunstgs nm iuy` cr`bonmt`iaùm nstám prnsnmtns egs agmns sneniiagm`hgs. E` agmaz`iaùm onha`mtn aop`itg nenitrùmaig us`mhg e` ogh`eah`h hn cuee si`m ns e` hn o`ygr `peai`iaùm nm ne i`opg tgxaigeùbaig, y` qun ne nspnitrg hn o`s` g p`trùm hn cr`bonmt`iaùm gjtnmahg nm nst`s igmhaiagmns, ns igog um` kunee` h`itae`r, qun igmtanmn sucaianmtn amcgro`iaùm p`r` i`r`itnraz`r e` ogeáiue`, pnroatanmhg igmcaro`r su ahnmtah`h, g nm ne i`sg qun nst` sn hnsigmgzi` jusi`re` nm e`s eajrnrï`s hn nspnitrgs hn rncnrnmia` qun nstám haspgmajens.
2.0 Oátghgs nm Xàmhno. Nm `ebumgs i`sgs e`s igminmtr`iagmns hn egs igopunstgs hn amtnrás sgm t`m j`d`s, igog giurrn igm egs igopunstgs i`mmàjaigs nm ne pneg g igm `ebumgs `màeasas hn `bnmtns hn hgpamb, qun e` BI-OY mg pgsnn pgsnn snmsajaeah` snmsajaeah`h h sucaianmtn p`r` h hntnit`regs, ntnit`regs, pgr eg qu qun n k`y qun rniurrar ` `ee tàmhno OY-OY, hn oàs rnianmtn `p`raiaùm. Onha`mtn ne `igpe`oanmtg hn hgs nt`p`s hn `màeasas hn o`s` (OY/OY), sn punhn bnmnr`r ne nspnitrg hn o`s` hn agmns amhavahu`en amhavahu`ens. s. @ p`rtar hn onzie`s hn agmns, um aùm o`hrn ns sneniiagm`h sneniiagm`hg g nm e` praonr` nt`p` hne `màeasas hn o`s`s. Ne aùm p p`rnmt`e `rnmt`e ns eunbg cr`bo cr`bonmt`hg nmt`hg y egs ag agmns mns kadgs rnsuet`mtns sg sgm m `m`eaz`hgs snbôm sus o`s`s nm um` snbumhg nt`p`. V`r` amstruonmtgs hn iu`hrupgeg g snitgr i`h` nt`p` hn `màeasas hn o`s` rnquanrn um `m`eaz`hgr hn o`s` snp`r`hg. V`r` tr`op` hn agmns g AIZ, ne nxpnraonmtg nxpnraonmtg OY/OY punhn snr igm igmhuiahg huiahg sniun sniunmia`eonmtn mia`eonmtn nm tanopg igm um ômaig `m`eaz`hgr hn o`s`s. Nst` ontghgegbï` sn i`r`itnraz` pgr su br`m snenitavah`h y snmsajaeah`h, hne grhnm hn egs cnmtgbr`ogs.
;. Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs. E` amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs ns ne pumtg qun rnquanrn o`ygr `tnmiaùm y iuah`hg ` ncnitgs hn `sabm`ren `e rnsuet`hg hn um `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig ne nx`itg sabmacai`hg qun nmianrr` y tr`mscgro`reg nm um nenonmtg hn rn`e utaeah`h p`r` ne i`sg nm iunstaùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Vraonr`onmtn, hnjn igmsabm`rsn igmsabm`rsn ie`r`onmtn e`s umah`hns y e` cgro` hn nxprnsaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs. Nm bnmnr`e egs rnsuet`hgs sanoprn rne`iagm`m i`mtah`h hn um` sust`mia` nm um hntnroam`hg vgeuonm hn eïquahg (s`mbrn, gram`, nti). Ns aopgrt`mtn rno`ri`r qun e` i`mtah`h hn e`s sust`mia` amvnstab`h`s ns k`jatu`eonmtn nsi`s`, onmgrns `e br`og, pgr eg t`mtg ns mnins`rag utaeaz`r utaeaz`r cr`iiagmn cr`iiagmnss g sujoôetap sujoôetapegs egs hn e` u umah`h mah`h qun sn utaeaz`. E` v`eahnz hn um rnsuet`hg nst` rnsp`eh`h` pgr e` snmsajaeah`h y e` nspniacaiah`h hne oátghg `m`eïtaig nopen`hg.
1. Ne`jgr`iaùm hne amcgron. Egs rnsuet`hgs nmigmtr`hgs hnjnm rnbastr`rsn nm um` pe`maee` amhai`mhg e` cnik`, ne mgojrn hne p`ianmtn y gtrgs h`tgs hn amcgro`iaùm rnenv`mtns amieuynmhg ne môonrg y m`tur`enz` hn e` ounstr` rniajah` p`r` ne `màeasas y ne nms`yg rn`eaz`hg. @saoasog, ns aopgrt`mtn igmsahnr`r qun um `màeasas nm ne iu`e mg sn hntnit`m igopunstgs nm pe`so`, sunrg u gram` u gtrg tapg hn ounstr`, hnjn amhai`rsn ne eïoatn hn hntniiaùm hne oátghg. Ne amcgron hnjnrà igmsabm`rsn e` snmsajaeah`h y nspniacaiah`h qun snràm gjtnmah`s hn jajeagbr`cï`, y e` prniasaùm y nx`itatuh hn egs oasogs, ns hniar, ne hnsnmvgevaoanmtg p`rtaiue`r hn e` ontghgegbï`, iu`mhg igrrnspgmh`. Hnjn pgmnrsn `tnmiaùm nmtgmins nm egs r`mbgs hn snburah`h hn egs h`tgs nmtrnb`hgs y e`s iacr`s sabmacai`tav`s igm qun sn amcgro`m. X`ojaám sn `mgt`ràm pgsajens amtnrcnrnmia`s qun pghrï`m k`jnr oghacai`hg egs rnsuet`hgs. @mtns hn noatar ne amcgron, tghgs egs h`tgs `m`eïtaigs hnjnm snr rnvas`hgs pgr um` pnrsgm` igm i`p`iah`h ianmtïcai` y igm nxpnranmia` nm egs oátghgs `m`eïtaigs nopen`hgs. E` rnvasaùm hnjn amieuar, `e onmgs, hgiuonmt`iaùm sgjrn e` i`hnm` hn iustgha`, v`eahnz hn egs h`tgs `m`eïtaigs iu`eat`tavgs y iu`mtat`tavgs (irgo`tgbr`o`s (irgo`tgbr`o`s hn e` ounstr`, hn p`trgmns y hn um je`mig) y h`tgs hne igmtrge hn i`eah`h. Vgr ôetaog sn noatarà um amcgron nsiratg qun prnsnmtn egs rnsuet`hgs hne `màeasas y tgh` e` amcgro`iaùm rnenv`mtn hn cgro` ie`r`, nx`it` y sam `ojabõnh`hns. Ns mnins`rag haspgmnr hn um `rikavg hn rnbastrgs, qun hgiuonmtn e`s `itavah`hns y gpnr`iagmns eenv`h`s ` i`jg y qun amieuy` um` igpa` hne amcgron, h`tgs hn e` i`hnm` hn iustgha`, kgd`s hn tr`j`dg, h`tgs hn e`jgr`tgrag y rnbastrgs hn egs `màeasas hn b`r`mtï` hn i`eah`h y hn egs igmtrgens hn i`eah`h. Neeg hnjn snr eg oàs ie`rg pgsajen hn o`mnr` qun pnroat` snbuar tghgs egs p`sgs hne `màeasas y ne`jgr`r igmieusagmns nm i`sg hn hnsva`iagmn hnsva`iagmns. s. Yn hnjnm bu`rh`r hur`mtn um tanopg, qun hnpnmhn hn e`s mgro`tav`s bujnrm`onmt`ens, pnrg qun, nm bnmnr`e, ns igog oïmaog hn iamig `ðgs y tanmnm, pgr t`mtg, um v`egr pgtnmia`e ` e`rbg pe`zg, sgjrn tghg nm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. egs `màeasas tgxaigeùbaigs qun punh`m nst`r nmvunetgs nm eatabags, nspnia`eonmtn iu`mhg egs duaiags sn inenjr`m inenjr`m `ðgs hns hnspuás puás hn k`jn k`jnrr noatahg ne amcgron amcgron.. Xr`haiagm`eonmtn sn k`m us`hg hacnrnmtns tapgs hn oairgnms`ygs quïoaigs qun hn cgro` prnsumtav` y ràpah` hanr`m amcgro`iaùm iu`eat`tav` sgjrn e` prnsnmia` hn tùxaigs amhavahu`ens, g hn brupgs y c`oaea`s hn onhai`onmtgs y hrgb`s. Egs rnsuet`hgs hn nstgs nms`ygs y prginhaoanmtgs, igmgiahgs usu`eonmtn igog "oátghgs hn sirnnmamb", hnjï`m snr igmcaro`hgs pgr gtr`s táimai`s g prginhaoanmtgs hn o`ygr i`p`iah`h ahnmtacai`tav` y qun pgstnragronmtn, pnroatanr`m e` igrrnspgmhanmtn iu`mtacai`iaùm. iu`mtacai`iaùm. E` nvgeuiaùm hn nst`s táimai`s k` eenb`hg `e `itu`e `ubn hn egs amoumgnms` amoumgnms`ygs, ygs, qun cumh`onmt`eon cumh`onmt`eonmtn mtn nstàm hns`rrgee`h hns`rrgee`hgs gs p`r` ounstr`s eïquah`s igm j`d`s amtnrcnrnmia`s hn e` o`traz, t`ens igog gram`, `bu`s, sunrgs, nti.
Jajeagbr`cï`. Jugmgog nt `e. Amtrghuiiaùm ` e` Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs`. @sgia`iaùm Puïoai` @rbnmtam`. Havasaùm Irgo`tgbr`cï`. :666. J`ðues O.S. nt `e. Irgo`tgbr`cï` hn B`sns A. Nh. @ek`ojr`.0126. Ie`rln's Asge`tagm `mh ahnmtacai`tagm gc hrubs (am pk`ro`inutai`es, jghy ceuahs `mh pgst ogrtnm o`tnra`e). :mhN h. Xkn Vk`ro`inutai` Vk`ro`inutai`ee Ygianty gc Brn`t Jrat`am. Egmhgm, 01;3. Ce`m`b`m, Z.D. nt `e., J`sai @m`eytai`e Xgxaigegby. Nh.(RKG). Bnmnv`,011>. Bnmnv`,011>. Ie`rln‑s `m`eysas gc hrubs `mh pgasgms. Ogcc`t, @< Rahhgp, J< Gssnetgm, H. (Nhs), Vk`ro`inutai`e Vrnss, (:668). Crnd`vaeen, D.V. nt `e. Xgxaigegbï` Ieïmai` y @m`eïtai`. 0r`n h. Nh. DAOY. J`rinegm` 0121. Buï` hn Xr`j`dgs Vràitaigs hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e. C`iuet`h hn Ianmia`s Nx`it`s. ^mavnrsah`h M`iagm`e hn E` Ve`t`. :66: Buï` hn Xr`j`dgs Vràitaigs hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e. C`iuet`h hn C`ro`ia` y Jagquïoai`. ^J@. :666. Lnvn, M. Iursg hn Irgo`tgbr`cï` Eïquah` Ve`m`r. @sgia`iaù @sgia`iaùm m Puïoai` @rbnmtam`. 0111.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Pu`ttrgiika, G.@., @jne`ar`, Y. Q E`j`, Z., Amtrghuiiaùm ` e` KVEI. @peai`iaùm y Vràitai`. Junmgs @arns 011:. Yt`kr, K.O., @m`eytai`e Ontkghs am Xgxaigegby. Nh. Dgkm Raeny `mh Ygms, Ami. 0110. Xkn Yupneig Buahn tg Ygeas Vk`sn Nxtr`itagm. Yupneig, Ami. 01;;. J`sai B`s Ikrgo`tgbr`pky snran Xnikmaquns am @m`eytai`e Iknoastry, Nh. Raeny `mh Ygms, 011;. Amtrghuitagm tg Oghnrm Eaquah Ikrgo`tgbr`pky, Ikrgo`tgbr`pky, Ymyhnr y Larle`mh, Nh. Raeny `mh Ygms, 0121. Yt`tai Kn`h Yp`in ’ Xkngry `mh Vr`itain, Lgej `mh Nttrn, Nh. Raeny, 0112. Eaquah Ikrgo`tgbr`pky ’ O`ss Ypnitrgontry4 @m Amtrghuitagm. Zgjnrt N. @rhrny Dgkm Raeny & Ygms, :669.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg 8 Xùxaigs Sgeàtaens y B`sngsgs. @utgrns4 Hr`. Enh` Ba`mmuzza. Vrgcnsgr` @hdumt` hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV. Hr`. O`jne Xgo`s. Dncn hn Xr`j`dgs Vràitaigs hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV. Hr. Euas @. Cnrr`ra. Cnrr`ra. Vnratg Puïoaig Duhaia`e. Vrgcnsgr hn Xgxaigegbï` nm e` ^mavnrsah`h hn Ogrùm
8. Amtrghuiiaùm. Amtrghuiiaùm. Yn ie`sacai`m igog tùxaigs vgeàtaens y b`sngsgs ` tgh`s e`s sust`mia`s qun
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. amhnpnmhanmtnonmtn hn su nst`hg cïsaig, punh`m snp`r`rsn hn e` o`traz qun egs igmtanmnm pgr hnstae`iaùm saopen, hnstae`iaùm pgr `rr`strn igm v`pgr, oairghacusaùm y irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` nopen`mhg kn`h-sp`in. Nm cgro` bnmnr`e pghrï`ogs hniar qun e`s vï`s hn nmtr`h` hn nstgs tùxaigs `e grb`masog ns e` habnstav` y e` pueogm`r, sanmhg t`ojaám aopgrt`mtn e` vï` iutàmn` p`r` e`s sust`mia`s oàs eapgcïeai`s. Nmtrn egs tùxaigs b`sngsgs oàs rnenv`mtns nmigmtr`ogs4 ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg, àiahg ia`mkïhraig, àiahg sueckïhraig, `rsam`, nstajaham`, iegrg, ùxahgs hn matrùbnmg, jrgog, gzgmg, `ogmï`ig, cgscam`, nmtrn gtrgs. Nmtrn egs tùxaigs vgeàtaens oàs aopgrt`mtns nmigmtr`ogs4 àiahg `iátaig, intgm`s, `ehnkïhgs, jnminmg, cnmge, `eigkgens prao`rags (nt`mge, ont`mge), beaigens, matrg y hamatrgjnminmg, átnr, iegrgcgrog, tntr`iegrurg hn i`rjgmg, cùscgrg, pe`buaiah`s grb`mgiegr`hgs, i`rj`o`tgs, grb`mgcgscgr`hgs, grb`mgcgscgr`h gs, paraham`, nti. E` o`ygrï` hn egs igopunstgs prgvgi`m amtgxai`iaùm `buh` y ounrtn ràpah`, pgr neeg, e`s amvnstab`iagmns tgxaigeùbai`s sn rn`eaz`m nm s`mbrn y nm ounstr`s gjtnmah`s hne tr`itg b`strgamtnstam`e g rnspar`tgrag hgmhn sn nmiunmtr`m nstgs tùxaigs nm br`mhns i`mtah`hns. Nm ne prnsnmtn i`pïtueg sn prnsnmt`m havnrsgs prgtgigegs hn `màeasas hn egs tùxaigs b`sngsgs y vgeàtaens qun igm o`ygr crniunmia` sn prnsnmt`m nm um e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï`.
8.0 Xùxaigs b`sngsgs. Egs tùxaigs b`sngsgs sgm vnmnmgs prnsnmtns nm ne `arn qun bnmnr`eonmtn sn nmiunmtr`m nm nst`hg b`sngsg y `ei`mz`m ne iunrpg pgr amk`e`iaùm. ^m `huetg amk`e` um` o`s` hn 0> lb hn `arn pgr hï` y saouetàmn`onmtn nxpgmn um` br`m supnrcaian hn su iunrpg ` xnmgjaùtaigs. Egs ncnitgs tùxaigs punhnm hns`rrgee`rsn ouy ràpah`onmtn y` sn` nm cgro` sastáoai` (àiahg iegrkïhraig, suecurg hn kahrùbnmg) g egi`eonmtn nm ne tr`itg rnspar`tgrag (iegrg g haùxahg hn `zucrn). Vgr gtrg e`hg, e` nxpgsaiaùm irùmai` ` iegrg, haùxahg hn `zucrn, haùxahg hn matrùbnmg y gzgmg nm pnqunðgs mavnens nmigmtr`hgs nm ne `arn `ojanmt`e punhn `cnit`r e` cumiaùm pueogm`r. @et`s igminmtr`iagmns hn b`sns tùxaigs igog ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg y ia`mkïhraig sn nmiunmtr`m nm satu`iagmns hn hns`strn quïoaig hnjahg ` cunbgs, nxpegsagmns punhnm ràpah`onmtn ràpah`onmtn i`us`r e` ounrtn ` e`s pnrsgm`s qun tgo`m igmt`itg igm neegs.
E` nxpgsaiaùm ` b`sns tùxaigs y` sn` nm e` amhustra` g nm `arn urj`mg k` sahg gjdntg hn rnbue`iagmns. @sï e` @onrai`m Igmcnrnmin gc Bgvnrmonmt`e Amhustra`e Kybanmast (@IBAK, 0113)
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. rnbue` e` nxpgsaiaùm nm ne `ojanmtn hn tr`j`dg. K` nst`jeniahg ne ee`o`hg XES-XR@ (Xkrnskgeh Eaoat S`euns-Xaon Rnabktnh @vnr`bn) p`r` i`h` tùxaig sanmhg e` igminmtr`iaùm onha` hn sust`mia` quïoai` nm ne `arn `ojanmt`e tr`s um` nxpgsaiaùm rnpntah` hn, ; kgr`s `e hï`, hur`mtn > hï`s hn e` sno`m`, hur`mtn tgh` um` vah` prgcnsagm`e y qun mg prghuinm ncnitgs mgiavgs nm e` o`ygrï` hn egs tr`j`d`hgrns. X`ojaám sn nmiunmtr` ne v`egr hn YXNE (Ykgrt Xaon Nxpgsaiaùm Envne) rncnrahg ` e` igminmtr`iaùm oàxao` ` e` iu`e um amhavahug punhn nst`r nxpunstg hur`mtn um pnrïghg igmtamug y k`st` 0> oamutgs, sam sucrar ncnitgs `hvnrsgs, sanoprn y iu`mhg mg rnprghuzi`m o`s hn iu`trg hn nst`s satu`iagmns pgr hï` y nst`mhg snp`r`h`s igog oïmaog nm 36 oamutgs.
Gtrgs v`egrns hn nxpgsaiaùm hns`rrgee`hgs y pnraùhai`onmtn rnvas`hgs sgm ne ZNEs (Znigoonmhnh Nxpgsurn Eaoats) pujeai`hgs pgr M`tagm`e Amstatutn gc Giiup`tagm`e Y`cnty `mh Kn`etk (MAGYK, 0118). X`ojaám ne Giiup`tagm`e Y`cnty `mh Kn`etk @hoamastr`tagm (GYK@, 0119) rnigoanmh` mavnens hn nxpgsaiaùm h`hgs pgr (VNEs Vnroasajen Nxpgsurn Eaoats igog v`egrn eïoatn hn nxpgsaiaùm pnroatahg. Nstgs eïoatns y egs v`egrns `eno`mns O@L (O`xaoum Igminmtr`tagm am tkn Rgrlpe`in sgm igop`r`jens ` eegs gs v`egrns XES-XR@. Nst`s igminmtr`iagmns igminmtr`iagm ns sgm h`h`s nm ppo, (oe/o9) g (ob/o9) ` :6´I y prnsaùm hn 0609 kV`.
8.0.0 Amvnstab`iaùm hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg nm onhags jageùbaigs .
8.0.0.0 I`r`itnrïstai`s bnmnr`ens y oni`masog hn `iiaùm.
Ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg ns um b`s amigegrg, amghgrg, amsïpahg y mg arrat`mtn qun sn grabam` hur`mtn e` igojustaùm amigopent` hne i`rjùm g hnrav`hgs igojustajens igm i`rjgmg. E`s cunmtns prghuitgr`s oàs crniunmtns sgm jr`snrgs, nstuc`s, i`encgmns, kgrmgs, amiamnr`hgrns, peàstaigs y `utgoùvaens nm o`e nst`hg hn cumiagm`oanmtg. E` tgxaiah`h hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg (IG) sn hnjn ` su igojam`iaùm igm e` knogbegjam` knogbegjam ` p`r` cgro`r i`rjgxaknogbegj i`rjgxaknogbegjam` am` (IGKj). Nm haik` cgro` e` knogbegjam knogbegjam` ` mg eajnr` gxïbnmg, h`hg qun `ojgs b`sns (G : y IG) rn`iiagm`m igm ne brupg knog nm e` ogeáiue` tntr`oárai` hn e` knogbegjam`. Yam noj`rbg, e` `camah`h hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg pgr e` knogbegjam` ns inri` hn :86 vnins o`ygr qun pgr ne gxïbnmg, hn nst` o`mnr`, e` amtgxai`iaùm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. punhn giurrar `ôm iu`mhg pnqunð`s i`mtah`hns hn IG sn nmiunmtrnm prnsnmtns nm e` `toùscnr`. Nm ne i`sg hn pnrsgm`s amtgxai`h`s, iu`mhg ne p`ianmtn ns rnogvahg hne `ojanmtn igmt`oam`hg, e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` hns`p`rnin ràpah`onmtn, p`rtaiue`ronmtn iu`mhg sn `hoamastr`h` gxïbnmg `e 066 %. Yùeg tr`z`s punhnm snr hntnit`h`s iu`mhg ne p`ianmtn `ei`mz` ne kgspat`e y hn nst` o`mnr` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` ns r`r`onmtn dustacai`h` nm e` ieïmai` tgxaigeùbai`. Yam noj`rbg, mg hnd` hn snr ôtae e` amvnstab`iaùm hn e` ont`knogbegjam` ont`knogbegja m` sgjrn tghg iu`mhg sn k` amk`e`hg sust`mia`s gxah`mtns (ùxahgs hne matrùbnmg, pgr ndnopeg). IG
+ Kj.Cn.G:
5???????=
Kj.Cn.IG
+
G:
E` cgro`iaùm hn gxaknogbegjam` (Kj.Cn.G:) igog hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` (Kj.Cn.IG) sgm rn`iiagmns rnvnrsajens y hnpnmhnm pramiap`eonmtn hn e` prnsaùm p`ria`e hn egs b`sns rnspar`hgs y hne pK s`mbuïmng `umqun gtrgs c`itgrns igog e` tnopnr`tur` y e` igminmtr`iaùm aùmai` tanmnm t`ojaám amiahnmia`. E` tgxaiah`h hne IG sn o`macanst` mg sùeg nm e` amtnrcnrnmia` nm ne `pgrtn hn gxïbnmg pgr e` s`mbrn samg t`ojaám ndnrin ncnitg harnitg `e umarsn ` egs iatgirgogs ineue`rns igog egs prnsnmtns nm e`s nmzam`s rnspar`tgra`s y e` oagbegjam oagbegjam`. `.
8.0.0.: Igmsahnr`iagmns bnmnr`ens nm e` `m`eïtai` tgxaigeùbai`. Nm i`sgs hn sudntgs ounrtgs hnjahg ` amtgxai`iaùm igm IG, ne `spnitg hne i`hàvnr y ne igegr i`roam`hg hn e`s vïsinr`s igmstatuynm o`macnst`iagmns prgpa`s hn e` amtgxai`iaùm `buh`. Haikg igegr rnsuet` vasajen nm egs ùrb`mgs igog ne inrnjrg, igr`zùm, pueogmns y e` ousiue`tur` vgeumt`ra`. Nm egs i`sgs nm qun ne sudntg nstà vavg, e` s`mbrn hnjnrà nxtr`nrsn, ` eg suog k`st` hgs kgr`s hnspuás hn e` nxpgsaiaùm, punstg qun br`m p`rtn hne ogmùxahg rnsuet` neaoam`hg pgr vï` pueogm`r. V`r` i`sgs ogrt`ens, e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn hnjnrà nxtr`nrsn eg oàs ràpahg pgsajen `mtns qun sn amaianm egs prginsgs putrnc`itavgs. Yn k` hnogstr`hg qun ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg mg sn `jsgrjn pgst-ogrtno igmstatuynmhg su hntnroam`iaùm um ïmhain hne igmtnmahg nm ne ogonmtg hn e` ounrtn. E` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` ns um hnrav`hg ouy nst`jen y su prnsnmia` nm s`mbrn punhn hnogstr`rsn hnspuás hn e` hnsigopgsaiaùm i`h`várai` `sï igog nm i`hàvnrns sgontahgs ` `et`s
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. tnopnr`tur`s. Ne igegr i`roam`hg tïpaig hn e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` sn gjsnrv` nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn iu`mhg ne pgrinmt`dn hn s`tur`iaùm ns hne 96% g supnragr, hastambuaámhgsn càiaeonmtn hn e` gxaknogbegjam` g hn e` knogbegjam` oaso`.
8.0.0.9 Xgo` hn ounstr`. E` rnigeniiaùm hn e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn hnjn snr gjtnmah` pgr pumiaùm vnmgs` igm `mtaig`bue`mtn (knp`ram`) nvat`mhg e` cgro`iaùm hn jurjud`s g e` nmtr`h` hn `arn ` e` dnramb`. Yn rnigoanmh` gjtnmnr s`mbrn hne igr`zùm g hn e`s vnm`s bruns`s igog e` cnogr`e. Ne rniapanmtn ` utaeaz`r p`r` e` igmsnrv`iaùm hn e` ounstr` hnjn nst`r nsirupuegs`onmtn eaopag, snig y inrr`hg nm cgro` knroátai`.
8.0.0.8 Hntnroam`iaùm `m`eïtai` hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam`. E` hntnroam`iaùm iu`mtat`tav` hn e` i`rjgxaknogbegbam` nm s`mbrn punhn rn`eaz`rsn pgr oátghgs nspnitrgsiùpaigs qun sn j`s`m nm egs hacnrnmtns nspnitrgs hn `jsgriaùm qun prnsnmt`m e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` rnspnitg hn e` knogbegjam`. Nm tghgs neegs sn rn`eaz`m onhah`s hn `jsgriaùm ` hastamt`s egmbatuhns hn gmh` hn haeuiagmns `hniu`h`s hn e` s`mbrn nm nstuhag. Nst`s egmbatuhns hn gmh` igrrnspgmhnm ` egs oàxaogs, oïmaogs g pumtgs asgsjástaigs hn `jsgriaùm hn i`h` um` hn e`s nspnians hn knogbegjam` qun ignxastnm nm e` ounstr`. Gtr` prgpanh`h qun ns utaeaz`h` pgr nstgs oátghgs ns e` br`m nst`jaeah`h qun prnsnmt` e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` rnspnitg hn e` gxaknogbegjam` crnmtn ` rn`itavgs rnhuitgrns g ont`knogbegjamaz`mtns. @ gdg hnsmuhg, e` s`mbrn igm `etg igmtnmahg hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` prnsnmt` um o`ri`hg tgmg i`roïm, oanmtr`s qun e` s`mbrn igm `etg igmtnmahg hn ont`knogbegjam` ns ikgige`tn. Yn hnsirajnm ` igmtamu`iaùm nms`ygs hn tapg iu`eat`tavgs qun prnsnmt`m i`ràitnr pràitaig p`r` su ahnmtacai`iaùm.
` ) Nms`yg hn haeuiaùm4
Ne nms`yg hn haeuiaùm igmsastn nm prnp`r`r sgeuiagmns s`mbuïmn`s `e 0% nm `bu` hnstae`h` hn ounstr` ` `m`eaz`r y hn s`mbrn mgro`e. Yn gjsnrv` saouetàmn`onmtn `ojgs tujgs hn nms`yg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. igm euz m`tur`e hacus`. E` s`mbrn mgro`e prnsnmt` igegr rgdg `o`raeenmtg, oanmtr`s e` ounstr`, sa igmtanmn i`rjgxaknogbegjam`, prnsnmt` igegr i`roam`hg mntg. Nstn nms`yg ns snburg y pràitaig. j) Nms`yg `ei`eamg4
Yn j`s` nm e` o`ygr nst`jaeah`h hn e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` igm rnspnitg ` e` knogbegjam` nm saoae`rns igmhaiagmns `ei`eam`s. Nm um tujg hn nms`yg igegi`r 9 ` 8 bgt`s hn e` s`mbrn ` `m`eaz`r y nm gtrg tujg saoae`r igegi`r abu`e môonrg hn bgt`s hn s`mbrn mgro`e, `brnb`r 0> oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` y onzie`r janm. @brnb`r ` i`h` tujg > bgt`s hn sgeuiaùm hn kahrùxahg hn sghag `e 06% y onzie`r janm. E` s`mbrn mgro`e `hquanrn igegr i`st`ðg ` i`st`ðg vnrhgsg (kno`tam` `ei`eam`), oanmtr`s qun e` s`mbrn gxai`rjgm`h` pnro`mnin am`etnr`h` (igegr i`roam`hg hur`mtn ianrtg tanopg). Ne nms`yg gcrnin um mntg igmtr`stn y rnsuet` pgsatavg iu`mhg e` igminmtr`iaùm hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` ns supnragr `e 06%. E` s`mbrn cnt`e amtnrcanrn nm nstn nms`yg h`hg qun ôetao` prghuin um` tr`mscgro`iaùm rnt`rh`h` crnmtn `e kahrùxahg kahrùxahg hn sghag. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hn hnsirajnm sirajnm hacnrnmtns oá oátghgs tghgs p`r` e` iu`mtacai`iaùm hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` nm s`mbrn4 nspnitrgcgtgoá nspnitrgcgtgoátraig, traig, quïoaig n amcr` rgdg.
8.0.0.> Hntnroam`iaùm iu`mtat`tav` hn e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` pgr ne oátghg nspnitrgcgtgoátraig. @ebumgs ebumgs
oátg oátghgs hgs
nspn nspnitrg itrgcgtgo cgtgoátrai átraigs gs
nop nopen`m en`m
ne
sastn sastno` o`
gxak gxaknogb nogbegja egjam`m`-
i`rjgxaknogbegjam`. Ne sabuanmtn oátghg sn j`s` nm qun e` s`mbrn mgro`e igmtanmn v`ra`s cgro`s hn knogbegjam` (e` cgro` rnhuiah`, e` cgro` gxah`h`, y pnqunð` i`mtah`hns hn ont`knogbegjam`), y sa um `bnmtn rnhuitgr igog ne hatagmatg hn sghag ns `brnb`hg ` e` s`mbrn, e` cgro` gxabnm`h` y e` ont`knogbegjam` sgm iu`mtat`tav`onmtn igmvnrtah`s ` e` cgro` rnhuiah` qun prnsnmt` um nspnitrg igog sn prnsnmt` nm e` Cab.8.0. Hnjn rnigrh`rsn qun nm i`sg hn qun e` pnrsgm` k`y` nst`hg nxpunst` ` sust`mia`s ont`knogbegjamaz`mtns nst` hntnroam`iaùm ns pgig rnigonmh`h`. Ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg prnsnmt` o`ygr `camah`h pgr e` knogbegjam` qun ne gxïbnmg oanmtr`s qun e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` mg ns rnhuiah` pgr ne hatagmatg hn sghag.
@sï, e` i`rjgxakno i`rjgxaknogbeg gbegjam` jam` pnr pnro`mn o`mnin in sam oghaca oghacai`rs i`rsn n igog sn oun ounstr` str` nm e` iurv` @ hne nspnitrg nm e` Cab.8.0 `ôm iu`mhg sn k` rn`eaz`hg um tr`t`oanmtg igm hatagmatg hn sghag.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nm e` Cab. 8.0 sn gjsnrv` qun e` oàxao` hacnrnmia` hn `jsgrj`mia` p`r` egs nspnitrgs hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` (@) y knogbegjam` rnhuiah` (J) sn prnsnmt` ` >86 mo, oanmtr`s qun >21 mo prnsnmt` e` oaso` oaso` `jsgrj`mia` (pumtg asgsjástai asgsjástaig). g). Ne pgrinmt`dn hn s`tur`iaùm hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg nm um` ounstr` hn s`mbrn punhn i`eiue`rsn hn e` onhah` hn e` `jsgrj`mia` ` ns` egmbatuh hn gmh` hn e` ounstr` s`tur`h` igm ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg (@), e` ounstr` eajrn hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg (J) y e` ounstr` sam tr`t`r (I) eunbg hn e` rnhuiiaùm igm hatagmatg hn sghag.
Cab. 8.04 8.04 Nspnitrgs hn `jsgriaùm hn (@) i`rjgxaknogbegjam`, (J) knogbegjam` rnhuiah` y (I) ounstr` hn s`mbrn hn p`ianmtn amtgxai`hg igm ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg.
. s j @
Zn`itavgs. Ygeuiaùm 6,0% hn kahrùxahg hn `ogmag.
Nquapg Nspnitrgcgtùontrg ^S vasajen
Vrginhaoanmtg. Haeuar 6,: oe hn e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn kgogbnmaz`h` igm :> oe hn sgeuiaùm 6,0% hn kahrùxahg hn `ogmag y havahar e` sgeuiaùm rnsuet`mtn nm trns p`rtn abu`ens @, J, y I. Y`tur`r e` sgeuiaùm @ igm ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg onha`mtn ne jurjudng hn b`s ` um` vnegiah`h qun oamaoain e` cgro`iaùm hn nspuo`. ^mgs pgigs oamutgs hn jurjudng rnsuet`m sucaianmtns. Vgr gtr` p`rtn, e` sgeuiaùm J sn tr`t` igm gxïbnmg purg hur`mtn 06 oamutgs ` egs ncnitgs hn hnspe`z`r igopent`onmtn ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg umahg ` e` ounstr`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. @brnb`r brnb`r um um` ` pnq pnqunð` unð` i`mt i`mtah`h ah`h hn hat hatagma agmatg tg ` i` i`h` h` um um` ` hn e` e`ss sge sgeuiag uiagmns mns @ @,, J y I y t`o t`ojaám jaám ` 06 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm hn `ogmag 6,0% y onzie`r janm. Onhar e` `jsgrj`mia` hn i`h` sgeuiaùm ` >86 y ` >21 mo p`r` i`h` sgeuiaùm @, J, y I. Yn i`eiue` e` hn rne`iaùm hn `jsgrj`mia`s ` >86 ` >21 p`r` i`h` sgeuiaùm. Ne pgrinmt`dn hn s`tur`iaùm hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` sn i`eiue` pgr e` sabuanmtn cùroue` %s`tur`iaùm
Egs
v`egrns
mgro`ens
( @ >86 /@ >21 ) I - (@ >86 /@ >21 ) J ( @ >86 / @ >21 ) @
`prgxao`hgs
p`r`
( @ >86
e`
@ >21 ) J
rne`iaùm
066
hn
`jsgrj`mia`
sgm4
i`rjgxaknogbegjam` s`tur`h` 0,> y knogbegjam` rnhuiah` 0,0%. Igmsahnr`mhg qun ne igmtnmahg hn knogbegjam` nm s`mbrn punhn v`ra`r, ne vgeuonm hn haeuynmtn t`ojaám hnjn snr oghacai`hg. E` haeuiaùm qun `rrgdn um v`egr oàxaog hn `jsgrj`mia` inri`mg ` 0 ns e` ahn`e.
8.0.0.3 Hntnroam`iaùm iu`mtat`tav` hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` onha`mtn snp`r`iaùm cïsai` hn e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` hn gtr`s knogbegjam`s.
Ne oátghg sn j`s` nm e` `et` rnsastnmia` rne`tav` hn KjIG `e i`egr oanmtr`s qun e`s gtr`s cgro`s hn knogbegjam` sucrnm ig`bue`iaùm. Nst` táimai` ns saopen hn rn`eaz`r y pnroatn snr `peai`h` igm rnsuet`hgs rnprghuiajens sa sn o`mtanmnm nstrait`onmtn e`s igmhaiagmns amhai`h`s4 i`enmt`oanmtg ` >> ° 6,> ¶I hur`mtn > oamutgs y pK >,6> °6 ,6>. Zn`itavgs. 0. Juccnr `int`tg. Onzie`r 0 vgeuonm hn sgeuiaùm 0 (966 oe hn àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e nm 0 eatrg hn `bu` hnstae`h`) o`s 9 vgeôonmns hn sgeuiaùm : (86; br hn `int`tg hn sghag trakahr`t`hg hasunetg nm 0 eatrg hn `bu`). Ne pK mg hnjn v`ra`r hn >,6> °6 ,6>. :. @mtanspuo`mtn. Onzie`r ne `mtanspuo`mtn igm `bu` `e 0% y sn `bat` vabgrgs`onmtn igm `ebum`s pnre`s hn vahrag.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nquapgs. J`ðg tnrogstàtaig hn `bu` ` >> ° 6,6> ¶I Inmtrïcub` ` >666 rpo. I`p`iah`h 8 g oàs tujgs hn 06-0> oe. Nspnirgcgtùontrg ^S- vasajen.
Vrginhaoanmtg. 0) > oe hn s`mbrn ` `m`eaz`r prnva`onmtn kgogbnmaz`h` sn onzie`m igm 0> oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` y 0 oe hn `mtanspuo`mtn pgr amvnrsaùm. E` oat`h hn nst` sgeuiaùm ns snp`r`h` nm um tujg, rgtue`h` y bu`rh`h` nm gsiurah`h. E` gtr` oat`h ns s`tur`h` igm IG hur`mtn 96 oamutgs `snburàmhgsn qun ne vgeuonm hn e` sgeuiaùm s`mbuïmn` mg i`ojan. :) Hn e`s sgeuiagmns, `qunee` sam tr`t`r y e` tr`t`h` igm IG sn tgo` hgs `eïiugt`s hn 0,6 oe sgm ujai`h`s nm 8 tujgs hn inmtrïcub` igmtnmanmhg 8,6 oe hn juccnr `int`tg. 9) Hnspuás hn onzie`r pgr amonrsaùm hgs vnins i`h` tujg, egs tujgs sn ujai`m nm um j`ðg tnrogstàtaig hn `bu` ` >>,6 ° 6,> ¶I nx`it`onmtn pgr > oamutgs. 8) Eunbg egs tujgs sn nmcrï`m nm `bu` crï` hur`mtn gtrgs > oamutgs y inmtracub`hgs ` >666 rpo hur`mtn > oamutgs. >) :,6 oe hn i`h` umg hn egs iu`trg sgjrnm`h`mtns sn haeuynm igm 06,6 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` y sn onzie`m : g 9 vnins pgr amonrsaùm nm ne tujg. tujg. 3) 3) V`r` e` enitur` sn rnquanrnm trns iujnt`s4 e` iujnt` 0 (je`mig) nopen` `bu` hnstae`h`, e` iujnt` : ns eenm`h` igm e` sgeuiaùm hn s`mbrn sam tr`t`r y e` iujnt` 9 igm sgeuiaùm hn s`mbrn s`tur`h` igm IG. E` `jsgrj`mia` hn e`s hgs sgeuiagmns sn ennm igmtr` `bu` ` >26 om y 396 mo. Eunbg hn e` enitur`, e` iujnt` : ns v`ia`h` y eenm`h` igm ne hupeai`hg hn e` sgeuiaùm hn s`mbrn sam tr`t`r. E` iujnt` 9 t`ojaám eunbg hn e` enitur` ns v`ia`h` y eenm`h` igm ne hupeai`hg hn e` sgeuiaùm hn s`mbrn s`tur`h` igm IG. Yn rnpatn e` enitur` ` >26 y 396 mo. Egs iàeiuegs sn rn`eaz`m onha`mtn e` sabuanmtn rne`iaùm
%IGKj
( @ >26 /@ 396 ) sgeuiagm sam tr`t`r ( @ >26 / @ 396 ) sueuiagmigmIG
066
2) Egs v`egrns hupeai`hgs mg hnjnm v`ra`r o`s hn : ` 9 % hn s`tur`iaùm hn IGKj. Igm v`egrns hn s`tur`iaùm hn IGKj onmgrns ` :6% hgs tapgs hn hacaiuet`hns punhnm prnsnmt`rsn4 praonrg, e` enitur` nm ne nspnitrgcgtùontrg hn ounstr` sam tr`t`r ns j`d` n amianrt`. Ynbumhg, e`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. igprniapat`iaùm hn IGKj igm ne prniapat`hg hn egs hnrav`hgs hn knogbegjam` punhn snr um c`itgr aopgrt`mtn qun tanmhn ` hasoamuar e` i`mtah`h rnsahu`e hn IGKj nm ne sgjrnm`h`mtn. Ne oátghg `rrgd` rnsuet`hgs rnprghuiajens iu`mhg e` s`tur`iaùm hn IGKj ns supnragr `e :6%. @saoasog, ne oátghg ns oghnr`h`onmtn snmsajen snmsajen ` egs i`ojags qun giurrnm nm e` s`mbrn eunbg hne prginsg pgstogrtno.
8.0.0.2
Hntnroam`iaùm iu`mtat`tav` hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` pgr ne oátghg hn
Irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` (IB). E` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` (IB) sn igmsahnr` um` ontghgegbï` umavnrs`e p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn igopunstgs igm um` prnsaùm hn v`pgr eg sucaianmtnonmtn `et`, pgr eg qun nm bnmnr`e sn igm igmsahnr` sahnr` `hniu`h` p`r` tù tùxaigs xaigs vge vgeàtaens àtaens y b`sngsgs.
Yam no noj`rbg, j`rbg, e`
hntnroam`iaùm hn ogmùxïhg hn i`rjgmg pgr IB prnsnmt` havnrsgs amigmvnmanmtns qun ns mnins`rag tgo`r nm iunmt` nm ne ogonmtg hn gpt`r g mg pgr e` utaeaz`iaùm hn nst` ontghgegbï`. Vgr um e`hg e` nenv`h` prnsaùm hn v`pgr hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg rnquanrn hn igeuom`s y/g hn prgbr`o`s qun sn`m i`p`ins hn snp`r`r `e `m`eatg hn egs b`sns utaeaz`hgs igog i`rranr, bnmnr`eonmtn kneag g matrùbnmg, hn gtrgs b`sns qun puhansnm ignxastar igm ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg igog ne haùxahg hn i`rjgmg. Nstn amigmvnmanmtn sn sujs`m` utaeaz`mhg igeuom`s i`pae`rns y prgbr`o`s hn igrrah` irgo`tgbràcai` qun tr`j`d`m igonmz`mhg ` tnopnr`tur`s suj`ojanmtn, tïpai`onmtn ` -:6¶I. Egs nquapgs rnqunrahgs p`r` nst`s igmhaiagmns irgo`tgbràcai`s sgm ouy pgig crniunmtns nm e`jgr`tgrags hn tgxaigegbï`. Vgr gtrg e`hg, e` hntniiaùm hn e` snð`e hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg ` e` s`eah` hn e` igeuom` IB sn rn`eaz` onha`mtn hgs ontghgegbï`s pgsajens. ^m` cgro` ns e` utaeaz`iaùm hn um` pgst igeuom` igm um i`t`eaz`hgr y igmhaiagmns hn kahrgbnm`iaùm `hniu`h`s p`r` tr`mscgro`r `e ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg iu`mtat`tav`onmtn nm ont`mg, eunbg hn eg iu`e sn oahn igm um hntnitgr igoôm aùmaig hn ee`o` (CAH). E` gtr` cgro` ns e` utaeaz`iaùm hn um hntnitgr hn igmhuitavah`h tároai`. Ma ne hntnitgr hn igmhuitavah`h tároai`, ma ne i`t`eaz`hgr pgst igeuom` sgm nenonmtgs igoumns nm um e`jgr`tgrag hnhai`hg ` e` tgxaigegbï`. Cam`eonmtn, sn k` amcgro`hg qun e` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg tanmn um` `hniu`h` rnspunst` snð`e vs igminmtr`iaùm sùeg p`r` mavnens hn ogmùxahg pgr nmiao` hne :6% nm s`mbrn, hn o`mnr` qun mg ns `hniu`hg p`r` onhah`s nm amhavahugs igm amtgxai`iagmnss sujieïmai`s g p`r` igop`r`r amhavahugs amtgxai`iagmn amhavahugs igm mavnens mgro`ens hn IG nm s`mbrn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
8.0.0.;
Hntnroam`iaùm iu`mtat`tav` hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` pgr ne oátg oátghg hg hn
Nspnitrgcgtgontrï` Amcr`rrgd`. Nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg nm s`mbrn y `arn nspar`hg, e` nspnitrgcgtgontrï` amcr`rrgd` igmcanrn `hniu`h` nspniacaiah`h, igmhaiaùm qun mg prnsnmt`m gtrgs rniursgs `m`eïtaigs hnpur`hgs t`ens igog irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`. Ne prginhaoanmtg igoanmz` igm um` nxtr`iiaùm hn egs b`sns tgt`ens cïsai`onmtn hasunetgs g igojam`hgs igm e` knogbegjam`. Ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg prnsnmt` `e amcr`rrgdg hgs paigs hn `jsgriaùm ` :0:6 y :026 io -0 (8,3-8,2 o) y mg prnsnmt` gtr` `jsgriaùm nm ne r`mbg igoprnmhahg nmtrn 266-8666 io-0. Egs b`sns qun `jsgrjnm nm nst` rnbaùm hne nspnitrg y qun pgr eg t`mtg amtnrcanrnm, sgm ne ha`zgont`mg, iegrurg hn matrgsaeg y prgp`mg qun ouy hacïiaeonmtn punhnm k`ee`rsn nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn. Ne haùxahg hn i`rjgmg punhn ogstr`r amtnrcnrnmia`s iu`mtat`tav`s pgr su nenv`h` igminmtr`iaùm rne`tav` `ôm sa su `jsgriaùm oàxao` hacanrn hn e` hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg. Nst`s amtnrcnrnmia`s qunh`m nxieuah`s igm e` `hgpiaùm hn sastno`s hn igopnms`iaùm g caetrgs `hniu`hgs. Egs nquapgs pnroatnm hntnroam`r ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg nm um r`mbg hn 6 ` 0666 ppo. Nm ne `màeasas hn s`mbrn, e` nspnitrgcgtgontrï` amcr`rrgd` utaeaz` um vgeuonm tgt`e hn 0 ` > oe. Ne oasog sn tr`t` igm cnrrraia`murg àiahg y egs b`sns eajnr`hgs sn `m`eaz`m nm ne nspnitrgcgtùontrg amcr`rgdg. V`r` nst`jeninr ne pgrinmt`dn hn s`tur`iaùm g ne igncaianmtn hn amtgxai`iaùm hnjn s`tur`rsn gtr` cr`iiaùm hn e` ounstr` igm ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg y `m`eaz`rsn nm e` oaso` cgro`, ncnitu`mhg e` pnrtamnmtn igrrniiaùm pgr ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg cïsai`onmtn hasunetg. Igm `hniu`h`s oghacai`iagmns, e` nspnitrgcgtgontrï` amcr`rrgd` pgsajaeat` ne rnbastrg igmtamug hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg nm `arn (hntnitgrns g rnbastr`hgrns igmtamugs). Vgr gtr` p`rtn, egs nms`ygs nm `arn nspar`hg pnroatanrgm rnvne`r su prnsnmia` nm cgro` amonha`t` `sï igog hnspuás hn 96 oamutgs hn k`jnr cuo`hg um iab`rraeeg.
8.0.0.1 Hntnroam`iaùm hn ogmùxahg ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg i`rjgmg pgr igg iggxaontrï` xaontrï` Hn tghgs egs oátghgs qun sn haspgmnm kgy hï` p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg, ne oátghg amstruonmt`e ig-gxaoátraig ns ne hn o`ygr usg nm e`jgr`tgrags tgxaigeùbaigs ieïmaigs y cgrnmsns. Neeg rnsuet` igoprnmsajen h`h` e` c`iaeah`h hn gpnr`iaùm hne amstruonmt`e qun,
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. pràitai`onmtn rnquanrn hn pnrsgm`e mg ouy nmtrnm`hg p`r` su o`mndg, pgi` ounstr` s`mbuïmn` (`ernhnhgr hn 6.0 oaeaeatrgs) y rnsuet`hgs ràpahgs. E` ounstr` ns tgo`h` hn s`mbrn `rtnra`e g br`mhns v`sgs, igm `mtaig`bue`mtn (knp`ram` g NHX@), eunbg knogeaz`h` igm um` sgeuiaùm surc`it`mtn y pgstnragronmtn amtrghuiah` nm ne amstruonmt`e pgr `spar`iaùm. Egs nquapgs `itu`ens pgsnnm um` eàop`r` hn iàtghg kunig hn X`eag/Mnùm qun noatn euz ` e` egmbatuh hn gmh` igmvnmanmtn. Bnmnr`eonmtn sgm `ase`h`s snas eïmn`s nspnitr`ens nm ne r`mbg hn >96 mo ` 326 mo, utaeaz`mhg caetrgs hn amtnrcnrnmia`. Ne k`z euoamgsg nonrbn hne `ase`hgr rncenitavg rncenit avg igog gmh` p`rtah` hgmhn um k`z sn harabn `e hntnitgr hn rncnrnmia` y ne gtrg nm ne hntnitgr hn e` ounstr`. H`hg qun ne sastno` tr`j`d` igm snas egmbatuhns hngmh`, sn gjtnmhràm snas rnbastrgs hn je`mig y snas rnbastrgs hn ounstr`.
Nm e` cabur` `mtnragr punhn gjsnrv`rsn egs nspnitrgs hn `jsgriaùm `e ^S hn e` knogbegjam` rnhuiah` (KKj), gxaknogbegjam` (G:Kj ontk`knogbegjam` (OntK j), i`rjgxaknogbegjam` (IGKj) y suecgknogbegjam` (YKj). Nstgs tapgs hn knogbegjam`s sgm `m`eaz`h`s n amcgro`h`s pgr ne amstruonmt`e, `e abu`e qun gtrgs p`ràontrgs, igog e` knogbegjam` tgt`e y ne igmtnmahg hn gxïbnmg. Amtnrprnt`iaùm y c`itgrns hn nrrgr nm egs rnsuet`hgs4 rnsuet`hgs4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nxastnm iariumst`mia`s prgpa`s hn e`s ounstr`s g hne igmtnxtg hn e` amtgxai`iaùm, qun hnjnm snr tnmahgs nm iunmt` ` e` kgr` hn amtnrprnt`r ne rnsuet`hg cam`e. Enn nt `e. (:669), k`m igoprgj`hg qun e` putrnc`iiaùm hn e`s ounstr`s s`mbuïmn`s prginhnmtns hn i`sgs pgstogrtno pgsnnm j`dgs mavnens hn knogbegjam` tgt`e (tKj) y ouy `et` turjaház hnjah` ` e` prnsnmia` hn `inatns y gtrgs hnsnikgs hn tndahgs jageùbaigs. Nstg prgvgi` nrrgrns nm e`s onhah`s prghuiah`s pgr ne iggxaontrg. @saoasog, e` ont`knogbegjam` (nm igminmt`riagmns supnragrns `e 06%) y e` suecgknogbegjam` bnmnr`h` pgr `iiaùm j`itnra`m` igmstatuynm c`itgrns hn pnrturj`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs `m`eïtaigs. Bnmnr`eonmtn e`s ounstr`s igm tKj o`ygr ` 9-8 b/he sgm `pt`s p`r` ne nms`yg hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam`. @ebumgs `utgrns k`m prgpunstg sn ncnitôn um tr`t`oanmtg prnvag hn e` ounstr` knoàtai` sgontaámhge` ` nv`pgr`iaùm nm inmtrïcub` y/g usg hn `brnb`hgs nstàmh`r hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam`, knogbegjam `, p`r` ondgr`r e` prniasaùm hne `màeasas. Nm iu`mtg `e igmtnxtg hn e` amtgxai`iaùm. Knogs gjsnrv`hg qun nm ounstr`s s`mbuïmn`s igmtnmanmhg sabmacai`tav` igminmtr`iaùm hn àiahg ia`mkïhraig, prgvnmanmtns hn aminmhags hn o`tnra`ens peàstaigs hn tapg pgeaurnt`mg, ne tnmgr hn ont`knogbegjam` mg pgsnn igrrne`iaùm igm e` igminmtr`iaùm hn knogbegjam` knogbegjam` tgt`e y igm e`s igminmtr`iag igminmtr`iagmns mns hn KIM y IG.
8.0.0.06
Hntnroam`iaùm hn ogmgxahg hn i`rjgmg i`rjgmg nm s`mbrn pgr oátghgs
quïoaigs. Egs oátghgs quïoaigs nopen`m e` prgpanh`h hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg hn rnhuiar havnrs`s s`ens ontàeai`s. ^mg hn egs nenonmtgs ontàeaigs hn o`ygr `inpt`iaùm ns ne p`e`hag (AA). E` i`p`iah`h rnhuitgr` hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg sn gjsnrv` nm e` sabuanmtn niu`iaùm4 Vh+:+ IG + K :G
Vh¶ + IG: + :K+
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nstn pramiapag sn nopen` hn havnrs`s cgro`s, um` hn nee`s ns ne oátghg hn Bnttenr y Crnaoutk y onha`mtn e` oairghacusaùm nm iào`r`s hn Igmw`y.
8.0.0.06.0 Oátghg hn Bnttenr y Crnaoutk. Ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg eajnr`hg hn e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` pgr ne cnrrgia`murg hn pgt`sag ns `rr`str`hg pgr `arn`iaùm y p`s`hg ` tr`vás hn um hasig hn p`pne nojnjahg igm Ie:Vh. Ne IG prghuin um` o`mik` gsiur` sgjrn ne p`pne hn caetrg hnjahg ` e` rn`iiaùm hne p`e`hag qun sn rnhuin ` Vhg. Vgr igop`r`iaùm hn e` amtnmsah`h hn e` o`mik` igm ounstr`s p`trgmns, sn punhn gjtnmnr um` igminmtr`iaùm `prgxao`h` ` e` i`mtah`h hn IG prnsnmtn nm e` ounstr`.
Xáimai`. `) Zn`itavgs.
• Ygeuiaùm hn iegrurg hn p`e`hag (6,> b hn iegrurg hn p`e`hag, 6,> oe hn àiahg iegrkïhraig igminmtr`hg qun sn eenv`m ` >6 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h`).
• Ygeuiaùm hn cnrraia`murg hn pgt`sag-s`pgma pgt`sag-s`pgmam`4 m`4 cnrraia`murg hn pgt`sag 9: b, s`pgmam` 6,; b , `bu` jahnstae`h` i.s.p 066 oe. • Ygeuiaùm hn àiahg eàitaig (H40,:6) y eenv`r ` 066 oe. • Ygeuiaùm hn `int`tg hn pegog `e 06%. • @eigkge i`prïeaig. • Ygeuiaùm hn iegrurg iuprgsg `ogma`i`e.
j) Vrginhaoanmtg. Ne haspgsatavg sn prnsnmt` nm e` Cabur` 8.:. Ne tujg @ igmtanmn > oe hn sgeuiaùm hn iegrurg iuprgsg `ogma`i`e p`r` rntnmnr ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg hne `arn n amtnrcnrnmia`s hne onhag hne e`jgr`tgrag. Ne tujg J igmtanmn :,6 oe hn s`mbrn, sn `ð`hnm 8 oe hn cnrraia`murg-s`pgmam` y : oe hn sgeuiaùm hn àiahg eàitaig dumtg igm : bgt`s hn `eigkge i`prïeaig. Ne tujg I igmtanmn pnre`s hn vahrag nm i`mtah`h qun `ei`minm 8 io hn `etur` y > oe hn `int`tg hn pegog. Nmtrn egs hasigs hne ce`mbn sn igegi` um hasig hn p`pne hn caetrg Rk`to`m M¶9 igrt`hg nm cgro` iariue`r kuonit`hg igm e` sgeuiaùm hn iegrurg hn p`e`hag y sudnt`hg nm cgro` snbur` onha`mtn um pamz` ontàeai` p`r` egbr`r ne ianrrn knroátaig.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Yn k`in jurjudn`r `arn ` tr`vás hne haspgsatavg @ `cegd`mhg e` ee`vn hne cr`sig hn O`ragttn. E` vnegiah`h hn ceudg hne `arn hnjn snr hn :3 oe/oamutg. Hnspuás hn 0> oamutgs, sn hntanmn ne jurjudng y sn rntar` ne p`pne rn`itavg, sn e`v` igm `bu` hnstae`h` p`r` neaoam`r ne nxinsg hn sgeuiaùm hn iegrurg hn p`e`hag y e` o`mik` gjtnmah`. Cam`eonmtn sn igop`r` igm e` nsi`e` gjtnmaámhgsn ne br`hg hn s`tur`iaùm hn e` s`mbrn igm rnspnitg `e ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg. E` prnp`r`iaùm hn e` nsi`e` sn rn`eaz` s`tur`mhg 06 oe hn s`mbrn gx`e`t`h` igm um igmtnmahg hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` hn ;6%-16% igm ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg purg, ne iu`e sn gjtanmn pgr hnsigopgsaiaùm hne àiahg cùroaig pgr `iiaùm hne àiahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg. Yn k`in jurjudn`r ne b`s nm e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn hur`mtn 0> oamutgs. Onzie`mhg vgeôonmns abu`ens hn e` ounstr` s`tur`h` igm s`mbrn mgro`e, sn gjtanmn um br`hg hn s`tur`iaùm nquav`enmtn `e >6%, ne iu`e sn utaeaz` p`r` e` prnp`r`iaùm hn e` nsi`e` onzie`mhg hacnrnmtns vgeôonmns hn s`mbrn mgro`e y s`mbrn s`tur`h` igm ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg (X`je` 8.0). I`h` ounstr` haeuah` nm e` cgro` nxprns`h` sn sgontn `e prginhaoanmtg snð`e`hg ` cam hn gjtnmnr e`s o`mik`s tnstabg. E` prnp`r`iaùm hn o`mik`s p`r` br`hgs hn s`tur`iaùm o`ygrns `e >6% mg ns mnins`ra` nm e` pràitai` hnjahg ` qun mumi` sn `ei`mz`m v`egrns supnragrns `e >6% hn s`tur`iaùm. H`hg qun e` i`p`iah`h hn s`tur`iaùm hn e` s`mbrn p`r` ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg rnsahn nm ne igmtnmahg hn knogbegjam` hnjn `peai`rsn ne c`itgr hn igrrniiaùm igrrnspgmhanmtn p`r` i`h` i`sg, hnjanmhg v`egr`rsn ne igmtnmahg hn knogbegjam` tgt`e hne oasog.
Cab. 8.:4 8.:4 Haspgsatavg nopen`hg nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg nm s`mbrn Xrns tujgs hn vahrag brunsg igm jgrhn hn 09 ` 0> io hn e`rbg y : io haàontrg. Ce`mbn (hgs hasigs hn vahrag nmcrnmt`hgs p`r` rntnmiaùm hn p`pne hn caetrg) Xr`op` hn v`iïg, g jgoj` hn nxtr`iiaùm hn µ KV. Vamz`s hn Kgcco`m.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Vnre`s hn vahrag.
X`je` 8.04 Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` nsi`e` hn s`tur`iaùm hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg Sgeuonm hn s`mbrn igm >6% Sgeuonm hn s`mbrn Vgrinmt`dn hn s`tur`iaùm IG (oe)
mgro`e (oe)
s`tur`iaùm gjtnmahg
8
0
86%
9
:
96%
:
9
:6%
0
8
06%
0
>
>%
8.0.0.06.: Oátghg hn Oairghacusaùm. Yn j`s` nm ne pghnr rnhuitgr hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg qun `e `itu`r sgjrn um` sgeuiaùm hn Ie:Vh eg tr`mscgro` nm Vh¶. E` rn`iiaùm sn rn`eaz` nm iào`r`s hn Igmw`y qun pgsnm nm ne igop`rtaoanmtg nxtnrmg e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn y ne `bnmtn eajnr`hgr (àiahg suecôraig) y nm ne amtnrmg ne `bnmtn `tr`p`mtn (Ie:Vh). Nm nstn i`sg sn prghuin e` i`pt`iaùm y e` gxah`iaùm hne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg cgrzàmhgsn e` rnogiaùm igopent` hne oasog `e i`jg hn um tanopg y tnopnr`tur` hntnroam`hg. Ne nxinsg hn Ie:Vh sn v`egr` nspnitrgcgtgoátrai`onmtn igm AL nm prnsnmia` hn bgo` `ràjab`.
Zn`itavgs4
• Ygeuiaùm hn iegrurg hn p`e`hag4 hasgevnr 6,::: b hn iegrurg hn p`e`hag nm :> oe. hn àiahg iegrkïhraig 6,60M y igopent`r ` :>6 oe igm àiahg iegrkïhraig. Yn prnp`r` nm ne ogonmtg. • @iahg suecôraig 06% (p/v) • Bgo` `ràjab` `e 6,0% • Ygeuiaùm hn aghurg hn pgt`sag `e 0>% (p/v)
Nquapgs4 Inmtrïcub` ` >666 rpo. Nspnirgcgtùontrg Nspnirgcgtùon trg ^S vasajen
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Vrginhaoanmtg4 Nm ne inmtrg hn e` iào`r` hn Igmw`y igegi`r 6,> oe hn Ie :Vh (6,60M), nm e` pnracnra` y snp`r`hgs sn igegi`m 6,:> oe hn K :YG8 y 6,:> oe hn e` ounstr` (s`mbrn nmtnr`). Iujrar igm e` t`p` snee`mhg igm br`s` saeaigm`h` p`r` nvat`r pgsajens párhah`s. Onzie`r e` s`mbrn igm ne àiahg suecôraig onha`mtn um su`vn ogvaoanmtg hn j`e`ming. Hnd`r hacumhar 0 kgr` ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. E` nxastnmia` hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg sn nvahnmia` nm cgro` amharnit` ` tr`vás hn e` `p`raiaùm hn um` pàtam` pe`tam` hn p`e`hag ontàeaig nm ne igop`rtaonmtg amtnrmg. Igm um` papnt` i`pae`r sn nxtr`n e` tgt`eah`h hn e` sgeuiaùm hne igop`rtaonmtg amtnrmg (Vh¶ y nxinsg hn iegrurg hn p`e`hag). Eunbg sn inmtracub` igm ne gjdntg hn snp`r`r ne prniapat`hg hn Vh y sn tr`mscanrn 6,0 oe hne sgjrnm`h`mtn ` um o`tr`z hn 06oe. Nm gtrg o`tr`z hn 06 oe, sn igegi` 6,0 oe hn sgeuiaùm hn Vh (je`mig). @ i`h` o`tr`z sn `brnb` 0,6 oe hn sgeuiaùm hn bgo` `ràjab` `e 6,0% y 0,6 oe hn AL `e 0> %, sn onzie` janm y sn eenv` ` vgeuonm. Yn rn`eaz` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn e` hnmsah`h ùptai` ` >66 mo eenv`mhg ` inrg igm `bu` hnstae`h`. Ne nxinsg hn s`e hn Vh grabam` igm ne agm aghurg ne igopendg A8Vh-:. Nm cgro` p`r`ene` sn tr`j`d` igm um` sgeuiaùm hn Ie:Vh mg hacumhah` hn o`mnr` hn tnmnr um pumtg hn rncnrnmia` hn `jsgrj`mia`. Eunbg sn enn e` `jsgrj`mia` ` >66 mo. Nxprnsaùm hn rnsuet`hgs4 rnsuet`hgs4 Igm ne pumtg hn rncnrnmia` sn i`eiue` e` igminmtr`iaùm hn IG nm e` ounstr` amaia`e.
- HG
HG obIG% ?
t
HGt
H
6,6>99> * >:6
Hgmhn HGt y HG H rnprnsnmt`m e` hnmsah`h ùptai` hne tnstabg y e` ounstr` hnsigmgiah`, rnspnitav`onmtn. Ne v`egr 6,6>9 igrrnspgmhn ` 6,0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm hn p`e`hag 6,60M igm pnsg nquav`enmtn hn 063,2/: ? >9,9>. Ne c`itgr >:6 igrrnspgmhn `e c`itgr hn igmvnrsaùm (IG/Vh) prgvnmanmtns hn 6,0 oe sgeuiaùm nxprns`hgs nm egs :,6 oe hn ounstr` hn s`mbrn `m`eaz`h` y ouetapeai`h` pgr 066 p`r` nxprns`r ne rnsuet`hg nm pgrinmt`dn obIG%
(:;/063,2).
(:/6,0).066?>:6).
Ne rnsuet`hg punhn nxprns`rsn nm oe % `peai`mhg ne c`itgr 6,;. V`r` nxprns`r ne rnsuet`hg nm pgrinmt`dn (s`tur`iaùm hn e` knogbegjam`), ns mnins`rag igmginr e` igminmtr`iaùm hn e` oaso` y
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. tnmanmhg nm iunmt` qun 0b hn knogbegjam` cad` 0,98 oe hn IG, sn punhn i`eiue`r ne v`egr igrrnspgmhanmtn hn s`tur`iaùm.
8.0.: Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn Znsuet`hgs. Ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg ns ne prghuitg nmhùbnmg hne i`t`jgeasog hne knog igm um v`egr hn s`tur`iaùm hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` nmtrn 6,8-6,2%. Ne v`egr prgonhag hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` nmigmtr`h` nm s`mbrn hn amhavahugs mg cuo`hgrns qun k`jat`m zgm`s urj`m`s ns hne 0-:%. Haikg v`egr eenb` ` >-3% nm amhavahugs cuo`hgrns. Ne v`egr XR@ ns hn :> y 96 ppo h`hg pgr @onrai`m Igmcnrnmin gc Bgvnrmonmt`e Amhustra`e Kybanmast (@IBAK) y O`xaoum Igminmtr`tagm am tkn Rgrlpe`in (HCB, 0113) (O@L) igm um v`egr oàxaog hn 3% hn KjIG p`r` um` pnrsgm` qun tr`j`d` ; ks. nm igmhaiagmns hn `itavah`h cïsai` mgro`e. Ne Giiup`tagm`e Y`cnty `mh Kn`etk @hoamastr`tagm (GYK@) rnigoanmh` um v`egr hn >6 ppo y M`tagm`e Amstatutn gc Giiup`tagm`e Y`cnty `mh Kn`etk (MAGYK) hn 9> ppo igm um v`egr hn (Ykgrt nxpgsaiaùm) rncnrahg ` 0> oamutgs hn nxpgsaiaùm (YXNE) hn :66 ppo. Nstgs v`egrns hnjnm snr onmgrns p`r` pnrsgm`s hn o`ygr ransbg igog sgm oudnrns noj`r`z`h`s iuyg v`egr hn KjIG mg hnjn nxinhnr :,2%. Egs v`egrns nmigmtr`hgs nm egs i`sgs hn nmvnmnm`oanmtg c`t`ens rnbastr`hgs rnprnsnmt`m v`egrns supnragrns ` >6% hn s`tur`iaùm. Nm vïitao`s hn aminmhags sn k`m rnbastr`hg mavnens hn i`rjgxaknogbegjam` nmtrn :>->>% igm um v`egr onhag hn 86%. Yam noj`rbg, t`ojaám sn k` amcgro`hg qun e` i`rjgxaknogbegjam` nm vïitao`s hn aminmhag punhn mg snr sabmacai`tav`onmtn `et`, nm nspnia`e sa ne iunrpg nstà p`ria`eonmtn i`rjgmaz`hg g sa ne npasghag amvgeuir` pgeïonrgs qun eajnr`m ràpah`onmtn àiahg ia`mkïhraig.
8.0.9 Ahnmtacai`iaùm y hgs`dn hn àiahg ia`mkïhraig nm onhags jageùbaigs. Ne àiahg ia`mkïhraig (KIM) ns um eïquahg vgeàtae, amigegrg hn gegr i`r`itnrïstaig ` `eonmhr`s `o`rb`s qun prnsnmt` br`m hacusajaeah`h hnjahg su nenv`h` prnsaùm hn v`pgr. E`s s`ens hn ia`murg (sghag g pgt`sag) sgm hn amtnrás tgxaigeùbaig. Ne ia`murg hn sghag ns oàs tùxaig qun ne hn pgt`sag pgrqun hnsprnmhn oàs KIM pgr br`og hn igopunstg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Ne oni`masog hn `iiaùm `iiaùm tùxai` eg ndnrin amkaja amkajanmhg nmhg e` iatgirgog i gxah` gxah`s` s` jegqun`mhg hn nstn oghg e` rnspar`iaùm ineue`r bnmnr`mhg kapgxa` g `mgxa` iatgtùxai`. X`ojaám sn igojam` igm prgtnïm`s qun pgsn`m kanrrg nm su oàxaog nst`hg hn gxah`iaùm (AAA) igog e` ont`knogbegjam`. Nxastn um` nmzao` iuyg cumiagm`oanmtg hnpnmhn hn e` prgvasaùm hn `oamgàiahgs `zucr`hgs, `zucr`hgs, e` ia`murg `zucrn tr`mscnr`s`, qun hnbr`h` ne ia`murg ` tagia`m`tg. E` nxpgsaiaùm hn br`mhns i`mtah`hns hn ia`murg punhn snr ogrt`e. E` snvnrah`h hn egs ncnitgs hnpnmhn nm p`rtn hn e` cgro` quïoai` hne ia`murg, e` iu`e punhn snr ia`murg hn kahrùbnmg b`sngsg g sus s`ens. E` nxpgsaiaùm ` nenv`hgs mavnens hn ia`murg hur`mtn igrtg tanopg h`ð` ne inrnjrg y ne igr`zùm, y punhn i`us`r igo` y ounrtn. Vnrsgm`s qun k`m rnspar`hg ia`murg hn kahrùbnmg nm igminmtr`iagmns hn >83 ppo k`m ounrtg hnspuás hn 06 oamutgs hn nxpgsaiaùm, oanmtr`s qun 006 ppo cunrgm um ransbg ianrtg hn ounrtn hnspuás hn um` kgr` hn nxpgsaiaùm. Nstgs sïmtgo`s sn hns`rrgee`m ràpah`onmtn, hnpnmhanmhg hn e` i`mtah`h ambnrah`h. Egs ncnitgs sgm saoae`rns sa br`mhns i`mtah`hns hn ia`murg sgm ambnrahgs, jnjahgs, rnspar`hgs g tgi`hgs. Ne igmt`itg hn e` pane igm s`ens hn ia`murg prghuin arrat`iaùm. E` nxpgsaiaùm irùmai` ` ia`murg prghuin h`ðgs nm e` beàmhue` targahn`. E` samtgo`tgegbï` punhn snr hn tapg supnr`buh` igm párhah` amonha`t` hne igmgiaoanmtg, igmvuesagmns, igmvuesagmn s, rabahnz ousiue` ousiue`rr y e` ounrtn giurrn n nm m pgigs oamutgs (`ernhnhgr hn 0 06). 6). E` amtgxai`iaùm `buh` prnsnmt` trns pnrïghgs. Nm ne praonrg sn prnsnmt` `rhgr y `mnstnsa` nm e` jgi` nstùo`bg, eunbg vártabgs y zuojahgs. Nm ne snbumhg pnrïghg sn o`macanst` párhah` hne igmgiaoanmtg igm igmvuesagmns, igmtr`itur` nsp`soùhai` hn o`xae`rns, puesg arrnbue`r, ia`mgsas. Nm ne tnrinr pnrïghg sn prnsnmt` rne`d`iaùm ousiue`r y ounrtn pgr p`ràeasas hne inmtrg rnspar`tgrag juej`r y p`rg i`rhï`ig. E` ntagegbï` hn e` amtgxai`iaùm igm àiahg ia`mkïhraig (KIM) hnsirapt` ns ouy v`ra`h`. E`s pramiap`ens cunmtns hn igopunstgs ia`mur`hgs sgm ianrt`s amhustra`s nm e`s iu`ens ne KIM prnsnmt` `peai`iagmns igonria`ens igog sgm e` b`ev`mgpe`sta`, nxtr`iiaùm hn ont`ens prniagsgs (grg y pe`t`), prghuiiaùm hn bgo`s samtátai`s igog rnsam`s `irïeai`s, pgeaurnt`mg, o`muc`itur` hn peàstaigs, `sï igog ne nopeng hn KIM p`r` hnsamcniiaùm igog amsnitaiah` y r`taiah`. Gtr` cunmtn hn igopunstgs ia`mur`hgs sgm egs `eaonmtgs, igog `ebumgs prghuitgs vnbnt`ens qun igmtanmnm beuiùsahgs ia`mgbnmátaigs qun pgr kahrùeasas (àiah`, `ei`eam` g nmzaoàtai`) h`m grabnm `e KIM. Nmtrn nstgs sn nmiunmtr`m nspnians hn pgrgtgs, snoaee`s hn eamg, sgrbg,
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. `eonmhr`s `o`rb`s, o`mhagi`, k`j`s, `sï igog nm snoaee`s hn o`mz`m`s y pnr`s y nm jnjah`s cnronmt`h`s igog ne ―Larsk‟, ne `bu`rhanmtn hn inrnz`s. Ne usg hn r`ïins hn i`ss`v` igog cunmtn prao`ra` hn `eaonmtg nm p`ïsns trgpai`ens prghuin mavnens nenv`hgs hn ia`murg nm s`mbrn. Yn k` gjsnrv`hg h`ðgs `e sastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e, hnjaeah`h nm e`s nxtrnoah`hns, i`oam`r hacaiuetgsg y sgrhnr`. E` nxpgsaiaùm irùmai` ` e`s r`ïins hn i`ss`v` t`ojaám sn k` vamiue`hg ` cumiaùm targahn` hasoamuïh`. Hnjn rnigrh`rsn qun e` igojustaùm hn peàstaigs igmtnmanmhg matrùbnmg (urnt`mgs) ns um` cunrtn hn ia`mkïhraig b`sngsg nm aminmhags. E` prnsnmia` hn peàstaigs nm egs `ojanmtns oghnrmgs gjeab`, nm i`sgs hn ounrtns pgr aminmhag, ` hntnroam`r mg sùeg ne ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg samg ne ia`murg, hnjahg ` qun pgr su nenv`h` tgxaiah`h sunen snr ne rnspgms`jen rn`e hn e` ounrtn. X`ojaám sn k` hnsiraptg hnsiraptg gtr` cunmtn hn igopunstg igopunstgss ia`mur`hgs nm ne usg c`ro`igeùbaig igog nm `mtabugs `mtatusïbnmgs igog `bu` hn e`urne inrnzg. Yn eg k` nopen`hg nm ndniuiagmns nm e` ee`o`h` iào`r` hn b`s y sn k`m rnbastr`hg ouikgs i`sgs hn amtgxai`iagmns vgeumt`ra`s y kgoaiah`s. Xghgs egs `màeasas hn iu`equanr o`tnra`e sgspnikgsg hn igmtnmnr ia`murg hnjnm rn`eaz`rsn j`dg i`op`m` hn nxtr`iiaùm. Znsuet` ôtae tnmnr ` o`mg kapgiegratg hn sghag p`r` cad`r y hnstruar ne ia`murg nm i`sgs hn hnrr`ons.
8.0.9.0 Igmsahnr`iagmns bnmnr`ens hn e` `m`eïtai` tgxaigeùbai`. E` amvnstab`iaùm hn àiahg ia`mkïhraig punhn rn`eaz`rsn igm hacnrnmtns tapgs hn ounstr`4 vïsinr`s (qun mninsat`ràm hn um` prnva` kgogbnmaz`iaùm), eïquahgs jageùbaigs, s`mbrn u gram`, `eaonmtgs (prghuitgs vnbnt`ens g `mao`ens) y onhai`onmtgs. E` s`mbrn vnmgs` prnsnmt` um igegr rgdg vavg i`r`itnrïstaig. Nm i`hàvnrns crnsigs sn gjsnrv` igegr rgdg inrnz` `sï igog o`mik`s hn igegr rgdg oàs g onmgs amtnmsg. Dumtg `e gegr tïpaig hn `eonmhr`s `o`rb`s qun hnsprnmhnm egs ùrb`mgs sn gjsnrv`m muonrgs`s knogrr`ba`s knogrr`ba`s pnqunð`s nm e`s snrgs`s. Yn hnjn prnst`r nspnia`e iuah`hg nm i`sgs hn suaiahag igm ia`murg `e rn`eaz`r e` `utgpsa`, nm nspnia`e `e rntar`r g o`mapue`r ne igmtnmahg bàstraig, h`hg qun pgr su pK punhn eajnr`r
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. i`mtah`hns pneabrgs`s hn ia`mkïhraig. Iu`equanr nmv`sn gjtnmahg hne eub`r hne knikg hnjn snr `m`eaz`hg j`dg i`op`m` hn nxtr`iiaùm hn b`sns. Ne rniapanmtn qun igmtanmn e` ounstr` hnjn nst`r nsirupuegs`onmtn eaopag, snig y inrr`hg knroátai`onmtn p`r` nvat`r párhah`s. Ya ne o`tnra`e sgm vïsinr`s, mg hnjnm igmsnrv`rsn nm cgroge pgrqun nstn rn`iiagm` igm ne àiahg ia`mkïhraig cgro`mhg ia`mkahram`s hn e`s qun mg sn punhn eajnr`r KIM. E`s ounstr`s hnjnm igmsnrv`rsn nm crïg p`r` nvat`r e` `iiaùm nmzaoàtai` y j`itnra`m` sam `brnb`hg hn igmsnrv`mtns. Nxastnm trns tapgs hn hntnroam`iagmns hne àiahg ia`mkïhraig4 egs nms`ygs amonha`tgs g prneaoam`rns, egs nms`ygs onha`tgs y egs nms`ygs iu`mtat`tavgs.
8.0.9.: Nms`ygs iu`eat`tavgs g amonha`tgs. E` ahnmtacai`iaùm harnit` hne KIM nm ne rniapanmtn qun igmtanmn ne o`tnra`e ns pgsajen br`ia`s ` su nenv`h` prnsaùm hn v`pgr ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn y prginsgs kahrgeïtaigs qun giurrnm igm ianrt` r`pahnz pgr e`s igmhaiagmns hne onhag, pK, tnopnr`tur`, nti. Bu`tneea, O.@ k` rnvas`hg nm hnt`een e`s rn`iiagmns y oátghgs `m`eïtaigs p`r` ia`murgs y àiahg ia`mkïhraig. Nm e` `toùscnr` hne rniapanmtn sn eajnr` IMK qun punhn hnjnrsn ` hgs tapgs hn prginsgs4 kahrgeïtaigss y putrnc`itav kahrgeïtaig putrnc`itavgs gs Kahrgeïtaigs IM-
+
K G
KIM +
GK-
:
Ne nquaeajrag sn hnspe`z` k`ia` e` hnrnik`. Nm vïsinr`s nm nst`hg putrnc`itavg sn eajnr` IMK hn `iunrhg igm
IM-
+ IG : + K :G
KIM +
K IG9-
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Egs nms`ygs amonha`tgs sgm táimai`s qun sn rn`eaz`m nm e` `toùscnr` hne rniapanmtn qun igmtanmn e` ounstr` onha`mtn ne nopeng hn egs ee`o`hgs p`pnens snmsajens. Yn utaeaz`m p`pnens aoprnbm`hgs nm hacnrnmtns rn`itavgs4
8.0.9.:.0 ^taeaz`iaùm hn p`pne hn bu`y`ig. Ne nms`yg sn cumh`onmt` nm ne `uonmtg hne pgtnmia`e hn gxah`iaùm hn e`s s`ens iôprai`s `e p`s`r ` s`ens iuprgs`s amsgeujens g pgig hasgia`h`s. Ne sastno` Iu(AA)-ia`murg sn `igpe` ` um igopunstg rnhuitgr (rnsam` hn bu`y`ig) qun pgr gxah`iaùm grabam` um hnrav`hg igegrn`hg (hn igegr i`st`ðg var` `e `zue). Zn`itavgs4
• Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn suec`tg hn igjrn `e 6,:% • Ygeuiaùm `eigkùeai` hn rnsam` hn bu`y`ig `e 06% rniaám prnp`r`h`.
Vrginhaoanmtg. Nm ne ogonmtg hn su usg, sn nojnjn um` cr`md` hn p`pne hn caetrg nm um` sgeuiaùm hn YG8Iu `e 6,: % hnd`mhg nsiurrar ne nxinsg. Eunbg sn nojnjn nm um` sgeuiaùm `eigkùeai` hn rnsam` hn bu`y`ig `e 06% hn rnianmtn prnp`r`iaùm. Ne rn`itavg hne p`pne hn bu`y`ig igegi`hg nm e` jgi` hne rniapanmtn qun igmtanmn ne o`tnra`e ` `m`eaz`r y ne G: prghuiahg nm e` rn`iiaùm cgro`m um igopunstg hn igegr `zue nm cgro` amonha`t`.
; KIM + ; YG8Iu + 8 K:G
: (IM Iu):(IM Iu): + ; YG 8K: + : G :
^m nms`yg mnb`tavg pnroatn hnsi`rt`r e` prnsnmia` hn KIM h`h` su snmsajaeah`h. ^m nms`yg pgsatavg mg nmtrnb` o`ygrns h`tgs y rnquanrn igmcaro`iaùm igm nms`ygs nspniïcaigs. Ne nms`yg prnsnmt` amtnrcnrnmia`s hn tapg gxah`mtns harnitgs hn e` rnsam` hn bu`y`ig y rnhuitgrns qun `itô`m hn e` oaso` cgro` qun ne ia`murg sgjrn e`s s`ens hn igjrn. Ns um nms`yg ieàsaig, snmsajen pnrg amnspniïcaig, puhanmhg hntnit`rsn k`st` 6,:> ¾b hn àiahg ia`mkïhraig.
8.0.9.:.: Nms`yg igm g-tgeaham`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Vrnsnmt` abu`e cumh`onmtg qun e` rn`iiaùm `mtnragr pnrg e` vasu`eaz`iaùm sn rn`eaz` igm gtgeaham`. X`ojaám sn punhn us`r jnmiaham`, cnmgct`enïm` g iu`equanr sust`mia` qun `e gxah`rsn cgron um igopendg igegrn`hg. Nst` rn`iiaùm ns `et`onmtn snmsajen pnrg amnspniïcai`. Zn`itavgs.
• Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn suec`tg hn igjrn `e 6,:% • Ygeuiaùm `eigkùeai` hn g-tgeaham` `e 0%. Vrginhaoanmtg Ne nms`yg ns saoae`r `e `mtnragr. Nm prnsnmia` hn àiahg ia`mkïhraig sn gjsnrv` nm cgro` amonha`t` igegr `zue vnrhgsg qun ràpah`onmtn var` `e `zue mntg. Vrnsnmt` o`ygr snmsajaeah`h qun ne nms`yg bu`y`ig-iôpraig. Brabm`rh. 8.0.9.:.9 Nms`yg hn Brabm`rh. Ne nms`yg sn cumh`onmt` nm qun ne àiahg pïiraig nm prnsnmia` hne KIM, eajnr`hg hn e` ounstr` àiah`, cgro` asgpurpur`tg `ei`eamg, hn igegr rgdg `e rgdg m`r`md` nm ne tr`msiursg hn iamig oamutgs. Zn`itavgs
• Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn àiahg pïiraig 0% i`eanmtn qun `mtns hne nmcra`oanmt nmcra`oanmtg g sn `brnb`m 06 br hn IG9M`:.
Vrginhaoanmtg. Nojnjnr tar`s hn p`pne caetrg igm sgeuiaùm `iugs` hn àiahg pïiraig y nsiurrar ne nxinsg. Ya ne p`pne sn prnp`r` nm ne ogonmtg, ne nms`yg prnsnmt` su oàxao` snmsajaeah`h. Ne rn`itavg hur` amhncamah`onmtn. Ne p`pne ns punstg nm e` jgi` hne rniapanmtn qun igmtanmn e` ounstr` ` `m`eaz`r. ^m igegr rgdg m`r`md` amhai` rnsuet`hg pgsatavg.
8.0.9.:.8 Nms`yg hn O`bmam. Yn j`s` nm e` cgro`iaùm hn `zue hn Vrusa`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. KIM +
GK-
IM -
3IM- +
Cn +:
\Cn(IM) 3_ - 8
Cn+: +
:GK -
Cn(GK) : prniapat`hg vnrhn
:Cn(GK):
+
+
K :G
Eunbg
0/:G : +
K :G
:Cn(GK)9
nm onhag KIe Cn(GK)9
+ \Cn(IM) 3_ - 8 + 9K + + M` +
Cn(IM) 3CnM` + 9K:G
`zue hn prusa` Zn`itavgs
• Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn kahrùxahg hn sghag `e :% • Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn suec`tg cnrrgsg `e :% rnianmtnonmtn prnp`r`h`.
Vrginhaoanmtg. Yn aoprnbm` um` tar` hn p`pne igm kahrùxahg hn sghag `e :% y sn nxpgmn nm ne amtnragr hne rniapanmtn umgs oamutgs. Yn rntar` y sn nxtanmhn sgjrn um` iàpsue` hn pgrine`m`. Yn hastrajuynm sgjrn e` supnrcaian nxpunst` 8 bgt`s hn sgeuiaùm hn suec`tg cnrrgsg :%. Yn gjsnrv` um prniapat`hg vnrhgsg qun eunbg p`s` ` i`st`ðg (kahrùxahg cárraig). Cam`eonmtn pgr `brnb`hg hn um`s bgt`s hn àiahg iegrkïhraig igminmtr`hg sn gjsnrv` igegr `zue pgr cgro`iaùm `zue hn Vrusa`. Ns um` rn`iiaùm pgig snmsajen pnrg ouy nspniïcai` Yanoprn sn ncnitô`m pgr eg onmgs hgs rn`iiagmns4 um` ouy snmsajen y gtr` ouy nspniïcai`. Ya e`s hgs rn`iiagmns `rrgd`m rnsuet`hgs pgsatavgs sn rn`eaz` ne `ase`oanmtg.
8.0.8 Nms`ygs onha`tgs. 8.0.8.0 @ase`oanmtg n ahnmtacai`iaùm a hnmtacai`iaùm hne àiahg ia`mkïhraig hn ia`murgs `ei`eamgs. @ase`oanmtg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Iu`mhg sn sgspnik` e` prnsnmia` hn àiahg ia`mkïhraig onha`mtn egs nms`ygs `mtns nspniacai`hgs, sn prginhn `e `ase`oanmtg y pgstnragr ahnmtacai`iaùm. V`r` e` rn`eaz`iaùm hn egs nms`ygs onha`tgs, sn rnquanrn hn um` snp`r`iaùm prnva` hne KIM hn e` ounstr`. Ygm `hniu`h`s um` hnstae`iaùm saopen g um` oairghacusaùm. Nm e` hnstae`iaùm saopen sn `brnb` `e o`tnra`e àiahg t`rtàraig. Ne hnstae`hg sn rnigbn nm kahrùxahg hn sghag p`r` nvat`r párhah`s hne àiahg ia`mkïhraig eajnr`hg. Nm ne i`sg hn ounstr`s nm nst`hg hn putrnc`iiaùm sn hnjn `brnb`r `e o`tnra`e ` hnstae`r `int`tg jàsaig hn pegog p`r` rntnmnr ne àiahg sueckïhraig. Zn`itavgs4
• @iahg t`rtàraig `e 06%. • Kahrùxahg hn sghag `e 06%.
Nquapgs @p`r`tg p`r`tg hn h hnsta nstae`ia e`iaùm ùm ssaope aopen. n.
Vrginhaoanmtg Igegi`r 06 br hne o`tnra`e jageùbaig nm um o`tr`z hn hnstae`iaùm y iujrar igm `bu` (`prgxao`h`onmtn 36 oe). @brnb`r 06 oe hn àiahg t`rtàraig `e 06% y hnstae`r rnigbanmhg sgjrn > oe hn M`GK 06%. Yn i`eanmt` `e pramiapag su`vnonmtn p`r` nvat`r e` cgro`iaùm hn nspuo` y um` vnz `ei`mz`hg ne pumtg hn njueeaiaùm sn nenv` enmt`onmtn e` tnopnr`tur`. Ns aopgrt`mtn qun e` nxtrnoah`h hne tujg hn hnsprnmhaoanmtg igmnit`hg `e nxtrnog hne rncrabnr`mtn tgon igmt`itg igm e` sgeuiaùm `ei`eam`. Yuspnmhnr e` hnstae`iaùm iu`mhg k`y`m p`s`hg `ernhnhgr hn 0/9 hne vgeuonm amaia`e. Onhar ne vgeuonm hnstae`hg p`r` rn`eaz`r pgstnragronmtn hntnroam`iagmns iu`mtat`tav`s.
8.0.8.: Xáimai` hne @zue hn Vrusa` oghacai`h` g táimai` hn Ikneenm-Le`ssnm. Ikneenm-Le`ssnm. Ne nms`yg sn cumh`onmt` nm e` cgro`iaùm hn um prniapat`hg `zue pgr cgro`iaùm hn `zue hn prusa` (cnrraia`murg cárraig) ` p`rtar hne hnstae`hg, `cnitu`mhg um `dustn prnvag hne pK ` um v`egr hn ; p`r` c`vgrninr e` prniapat`iaùm.
Zn`itavgs • Ygeuiaùm `eigkùeai` hn cnmgct`enïm` `e 0%.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
• @iahg suecôraig 6,0M. • Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn i`rjgm`tg hn sghag `e 06%. • Ygeuiaùm hn suec`tg cnrrgsg `e 0% rnianmtnonmtn prnp`r`h`. • @iahg iegrkïhraig igminmtr`hg. • Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn kahrùxahg hn j`rag `e 06%.
Vrginhaoanmtg. @ 0oe hn hnstae hnstae`hg `hg sn een n `brn `brnb` b` : bgt` bgt`ss hn sgeu sgeuiaùm iaùm h hn n cnmg cnmgect`e ect`enïm` nïm` ((onha onhag g jàs jàsaig aig rgs rgs`h` `h`), ), y eunbg enmt`onmtn sgeuiaùm haeuah` hn àiahg suecôraig k`st` vav`r ne amhai`hgr ` amigegr`. Eunbg sn eenv` ` pK `ei`eamg igm sgeuiaùm hn i`rjgm`tg hn sghag `e :6% bgt` ` bgt` k`st` var`dn `e rgdg. @brnb`r brnb`r 9 bgt` bgt`ss hn sgeu sgeuiaùm iaùm hn suec suec`tg `tg cnrr cnrrgsg gsg `e :% y hnd hnd`r `r rnpg rnpgs`r s`r 9 oamu oamutgs. tgs. @iah @iahacai acai`r `r igm iegrkïhraig igminmtr`hg. Igegr `zue amhai` KIM. Ya `p`rnin igegr vnrhn su`vn `brnb`r bgt`s hn àiahg cgscùraig. Ya `ôm mg sn gjsnrv` igegr `zue, sn punhn `uonmt`r e` snmsajaeah`h hn e` rn`iiaùm y `brnb`r bgt`s hn sgeuiaùm hn iegrurg hn j`rag `e 06% y hnd`r rnpgs`r um`s kgr`s. Ya sn gjsnrv`m pumtgs `zuens sgjrn cgmhg je`mig, amhai` prnsnmia` hn KIM. E`s rn`iiagmns igrrnspgmhanmtns sgm e`s sabuanmtns4 : IML + Cn(GK):
Cn(IM) :+ LGK
Cn(IM):+ IML
\Cn(IM) 3L_8
Yn `brnb` KIe y sn `bat`4
\Cn(IM)3_L8 + Cn(GK) 9 \Cn(IM)3_CnL + CnIe9
\Cn(IM) 3_CnL + K:G \Cn(IM 3_9Cn8 (@zue hn Vrusa` ) + LIe
Yn amtnmsacai` igm K9VG8 g Ie :J`, puns cgro`m s`ens amsgeujens hn YG8J` qun snhaonmt`m `rr`str`mhg ne @zue hn Vrusa` `e cgmhg hne tujg, hgmhn sn gjsnrv`rà um jgtùm je`mig `zue`hg. E` snmsajaeah`h hn e` rn`iiaùm ns hn k`st` 06 ¾b hn aùm ia`murg. Igm ne `brnb`hg hn iegrurg hn j`rag sn punhn rnvne`r k`st` > ¾b hn aùm ia`murg.
8.0.8.9 Zn`iiaùm suecgiaàmai` g hn Sgm Eanjab.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Ne oátghg igmsastn nm ne `brnb`hg hn um nxinsg hn pgeasuecurg `e hnstae`hg y pgstnragr i`enmt`oanmtg p`r` cgro`r suecgia`murg. Eunbg sn `iahacai` e` sgeuiaùm cgroàmhgsn àiahg suecgia`mkïhraig suecgia`mkïhra ig qun igm iegrurg cárraig `p`rnin igegr rgdg. Zn`itavgs
• Ygeuiaùm hn suecurg hn `ogmag `o`raeeg (pgeasuecurg). • @iahg iegrkïhraig igminmtr`hg. • Ygeuiaùm rgdg Igmbg. • Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn iegrurg cárraig `e 6,>%. • Ntnr ntïeaig. Vrginhaoanmtg ^mgs > oe hn hnstae`hg sn igegi`m nm um` iàpsue` hn pgrine`m` y sn `brnb`m um`s bgt`s hn pgeasuecurg hn `ogmag (`o`raeeg). Yn prginhn i`enmt`mhg su`vnonmtn hur`mtn > oamutgs sgjrn tne` ontàeai`, `bat`mhg ne eïquahg igm v`raee` y `brnb`mhg suecurnmtn ` onhah` qun e` sgeuiaùm sn hnigegr`. Iu`mhg ne igmtnmahg sn k`y` igminmtr`hg (0 oe) y sn gjsnrvn pnrsastnmia` hn igegr `o`raeeg sn igmsahnr` pràitai`onmtn rn`eaz`h` e` tr`mscnrnmia` nm suecgia`murg. Yn hnd` nmcra`r y sn `iahacai` igm sgeuiaùm igminmtr`h` hn KIe k`st` rn`iiaùm àiah` crnmtn `e rgdg igmbg. Ne igopunstg punhn `ase`rsn pgr tr`t`oanmtg igm átnr ntïeaig rn`eaz`mhg trns nxtr`iiagmns igm :6, 06 y 06 oe hn átnr i`h` um`. Egs nxtr`itgs ntárngs sn nv`pgr`m nm iàpsue` hn pgrine`m` y hnd`r nv`pgr`r ne ntnr ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. Eunbg sn tr`t` ne rnsahug igm : g 9 bgt`s hn iegrurg cárraig `e 6.>% y `p`rnin igegr rgdg amtnmsg hn amtnmsah`h v`ra`jen (>6 ¾b hn KIM tr`mscgro`hg nm YIM- ne igegr `p`rnin ràpah`onmtn) IM - +
(Y)o- :
YIM -
:YIM- +
Cn +9
\Cn(YIM) :_+
+
(Y) m-0- : (igopendg igegr rgdg)
Ne nms`yg ns `et`onmtn snmsajen y nspniïcaig. @ebumgs `utgrns nstao`m qun ns pgsajen rnvne`r aùm ia`murg nm e` prgpgriaùm hn 066 ¾b/E.
8.0.> Nms`ygs iu`mtat`tavgs. 8.0.>.0 Oátghg hn Hnmabás.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Igmstatuyn um` v`egr`iaùm nm hgmhn sn cgro` um` s`e nst`jen hn @bIM y ne nxinsg hn @b+ nm ne pumtg cam`e cgro` um igopunstg hn igegr `o`raeeg igm ne aùm aghurg hn `iunrhg igm e`s sabuanmtns rn`iiagmns. Nstn prginhaoanmtg ns `ptg p`r` igminmtr`iagmns nenv`h`s. IM-+ @bMG 9
@bIM +MG 9 -
@bIM bIM + I IM M-
\@b(IM):_- (igopendg sgeujen)
\@b(IM):_- + @b +
@b(IM) : @b (sn (sn cg cgro` ro` `mtn `mtnss hn hnee ptg ptg.. cam cam`e) `e)
Yn igrrabn igm MK9 @b(IM) b(IM):- + MK 9 @b+(nxinsg) + A-
@b(MK b(MK9):+ + : @b(IM) : @bA
`o`raeeg
Zn`itavgs
• @ogmï`ig igminmtr`hg. • Aghurg hn pgt`sag `e 06%. • Ygeuiaùm hn matr`tg hn pe`t` 6,60M.
Vrginhaoanmtg. Xgo`r 06 oe hn hnstae`hg y `brnb`r 06 oe hn `ogmï`ig igminmtr`hg y 0 oe hn LA `e 06%. Xatue`r igm sgeuiaùm hn matr`tg hn pe`t` 6.60M k`st` `p`raiaùm hn turjanh`h pnro`mnmtn. Iàeiuegs ? 0 oe hn MG9 @b (6.60 (6.60 M M)) ? > >.8 .8 06-8 br KIM ? 6.>8 obr hn KIM.
8.0.>.: Hntnroam`iaùm hn ia`murg nm `eaonmtgs, s`mbrn n kïb`hg. Oátghg hn cgro`iaùm hn o`mik`s hn `zue hn prusa`. Ne oátghg sn cumh`onmt` nm qun ne ia`murg hn e` ounstr` ns eajnr`hg pgr `iiaùm hne àiahg suecôraig g àiahg traiegrg`iátaig y `spar`hg ` tr`vás hn um hasig hn p`pne aoprnbm`hg nm suec`tg cnrrgsg hnmtrg hn um ce`mbn y sn cgro` agm cárraig vasu`eaz`hg igog o`mik`s hn cnrrgia`murg cnrraig (`zue hn Vrusa`). Ne hasig ns eunbg suonrbahg nm àiahg iegrkïhraig k`st` qun tgh` e` pgriaùm sam
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. rn`iiagm`r sn` neaoam`h`. E` amtnmsah`h hn e` o`mik` ns prgpgriagm`e ` e` i`mtah`h hn ia`murg prnsnmtn nm e` ounstr`. Zn`itavgs.
•
κ beuigsah`s`.
• @bnmtn `mtanspuo`mtn. • Ygeuiaùm `iugs` `e 00% hn iegrurg cárraig4 pns`r 00b hn iegrurg cárraig y eenv`r ` 066 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h`. • Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn suec`tg cnrrgsg `oùmaig `e 01%4 pns`r 01 b hn (MK 8):Cn(YG8):) y eenv`r ` 066 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h`. • Ygeuiaùm `iugs` `e 06% hn kahrùxahg hn sghag4 pns`r 06 b hn M`GK y eenv`r ` 066 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h`.
• Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn 0M hn kahrùxahg hn sghag4 pns`r 86 b hn M`GK y eenv`r ` 0666 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h`. • Ygeuiaùm stgil hn ia`mkïhraig (0666 ¾b/oe)4 pns`r 6,:>69 b hn ia`murg hn pgt`sag y tr`mscnrar nm um o`tr`z hn 066 oe `brnb`r 06 oe hn M`GK 0M y haeuar `e vgeuonm igm `bu` hnstae`h`. • Ygeuiaùm st`mh`rh amtnronha` hn ia`mkïhraig (066 ¾b/oe)4 haeuar 0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm stgil hn ia`mkïhraig nm 06 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`. Vrnp`r`r ha`ra`onmtn.
• Ygeuiaùm hn tr`j`dg hn ia`mkïhraig (06 ¾b/oe)4 haeuar > oe hn e` sgeuiaùm amtnronha` st`mh`rh hn ia`mkïhraig nm >6 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`. Vrnp`r`r ha`ra`onmtn.
• Ygeuiaùm `iugs` `e :6% hn àiahg suecôraig4 `brnb`r >6 oe hn `bu` ` um cr`sig br`hu`hg hn 066 oe. @brnb`r :6 oe hn àiahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg y eenv`r `e vgeuonm igm `bu` hnstae`h`.
• Ygeuiaùm hn àiahg iegrkïhraig :>%4 `brnb`r >6 oe hn `bu` nm um` prgjnt` hn 066 oe, `brnb`r :> oe hn KIe igminmtr`hg y eenv`r ` vgeuonm igm `bu` hnstae`h`. • V`pne hn caetrg R`to`m M´ 86 igrt`hg nm cgro` hn hasigs 03 oo haàontrg.
@p`r`tgs y nquapgs. • @p`r`tg p`r` ia`mkïhraig • J`ðg hn `bu` ` 2>¶I. • Jgoj` hn `arn • J`ðg hn v`pgr g nv`pgr`hgr. Vrginhaoanmtg Vrntr`t`oanmtg hn `eaonmtgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. 0. Vns`r inri` hn 06 b hn `eaonmtg y tr`mscnrar ` um kgogbnmnaz`hgr :. @brnb`r :66 oe hn `bu` y 6,6:b hn κ beuigsah`s` 9. Kgogbnmaz`r hur`mtn 8 oamutgs. 8. Hnd`r hni`mt`r 0 kgr`. >. Vrginhnr `e p`sg 06 hne `màeasas.
Vrntr`t`oanmtg nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn. 0. @brnb`r 966 oe hn `bu`, > oe hn s`mbrn y : oe hn `mtanspuo`mtn ` um prgjnt` hn >66 oe. :. Znnope`in ne t`pùm hn bgo` nm ne `p`r`tg hn ia`mkïhraig igm ne t`pùm `dust`hg nm e` prgjnt` hn >66 oe. 9. Vrnp`rn sucaianmtn i`mtah`h hn `bu` i`eanmtn (p`sg > hne `màeasas) qun punh` igmtnmnr e` prgjnt` hn >66 oe.
Vrginhaoanmtg. 0) @brnb`r `prgxao`h`onmtn :6 oe hn `bu` `e tujg ounstr`. Vapntn`r 6,> oe hn sgeuiaùm st`mh`rh hn tr`j`dg nm ne tujg. :) @brnb`r :6 ¾e hn i`h` umg hn egs sabuanmtns rn`itavgs CnIe9 00%, (MK 8):Cn(YG8):) 01%, y M`GK 06% nm ne inmtrg hne p`pne hn caetrg hn 03 oo hn haàontrg. 9) ^jai`r ne p`pne hn caetrg nm ne `p`r`tg hn ia`mkïhraig oanmtr`s nstá kôonhg y nms`ojen ne `p`r`tg. 8) @brnb`r 0,6 oe hn àiahg suecôraig/b hn nstàmh`r igm um` dnramb` ` tr`vás hn e` nmtr`h` hne tujg hn `arn `e tujg ounstr`. >) ^jai`r ne tujg nm j`ðg hn `bu` ` 2>¶I. 3) @peai`r suiiaùm hur`mtn 8 oamutgs. Onmgr tanopg hn suiiaùm punhn h`r amigopent` rniupnr`iaùm y o`ygr tanopg punhn igmhnms`r `bu` `rraj` hne hasig. 2) Znvne`r ne p`pne igm KIe `e :>% i`eanmtn (nm j`ðg hn v`pgr g nm pe`mik` i`enc`itgr`) k`st` qun ne p`pne ns vn` je`mig igm o`mik`s `zue. ;) Nmdu`b`r ne hasig igm `bu` hnstae`h` y sni`r. @eamn`r e`s o`mik`s st`mh`rh nm eïmn` sgjrn um cgmhg je`mig. Ya e`s o`mik`s sgm hn igegr gsiurg nxinsavg, punhn hnjnrsn ` suecurgs qun tanmhnm ` hns`p`rninr `e ujai`r ne p`pne nm KIe. 1) Znpntar egs p`sgs :-; igm st`mh`rh hn 06 ¾b, :6 ¾b y >6 ¾b st`mh`rh. 06) Igegi`r um` pgriaùm hn e` ounstr` kgogbnmnaz`h` (0->b) nstao`mhg qun igmtanmn um tgt`e hn > ’ :6 ¾b hn ia`murg nm ne tujg ounstr`. @brnbun :6 oe hn `bu` `e tujg hn e` ounstr`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. 00) @brnbun 0oe hn àiahg suecôraig pgr br`og hn ounstr`. Igog oïmaog hn 0 oe, puhanmhg `brnb`rsn oàs vgeuonm sa e` ounstr` ns jàsai`. 0:) Znpntar egs p`sg >-;. 09) Znpntar ne `màeasas hn e` ounstr` igm um sgjrn`brnb`hg hn > ¾b. 08) Vunhn us`rsn um` igop`r`iaùm vasu`e g iu`mtacai`r nm um hnmsatùontrg. 0>) Igmstruar e` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm us`mhg egs nstàmh`rns hn ia`murg y hntnroam`r egs mavnens nm e` ounstr` pgr igop`r`iaùm hn `jsgrj`mia`. Amcgro`r nm ppo. Igmsahnr`iagmns bnmnr`ens4 Onhar ne pK hne igmtnmahg nstgo`i`e. Ya ne pK ns àiahg, ne aùm ia`murg ns prgj`jen qun sn k`y` pnrhahg.
•
Vrni`uiagmns4 Nstn oátghg nopen` sgeuiagmns hn KIM sanmhg aopgrt`mtn rn`eaz`r nst` prnp`r`iaùm y o`mapueng igm suog iuah`hg y sanoprn j`dg i`op`m` hn nxtr`iiaùm hn b`sns. b`sns.
8.0.>.9 Oátghg hn oairghacusaùm hn Cnehstnam-Lenmhskgd. Cumh`onmtg. Cumh`onmtg. Nm e` iàpsue` hn Igmw`y ne àiahg ia`mkïhraig hacumhn hne igop`rtaoanmtg nxtnrmg `e amtnrmg sanmhg cad`hg igog ia`murg nm e` sgeuiaùm `ei`eam`. Yn tgo` um` `eïiugt` hne igop`rtaoanmtg amtnrmg y sn `brnb` iegr`oam` X, cgroàmhgsn iegrurg hn ia`mùbnmg. Eunbg pgr ne `brnb`hg hn paraham` sn cgro` iegrurg hn ia`mgparaham`. E` `iiaùm kahrgeïtai` hntnroam` e` `pnrtur` hne `maeeg parahïmaig, p`r` h`r eub`r ` e` cgro`iaùm hne àiahg beut`iùmaig. Ya nstn hnrav`hg sn k`in rn`iiagm`r igm àiahg j`rjatôraig sn cgro` um igopendg rgdg qun sn enn ` >;6 mo. Ounstr`44 s`mbrn nmtnr` igm knp`ram`, gram` u kgogbnm`tg hn vïsinr`s. Ounstr` Zn`itavgs.
• Kahrùxahg hn sghag 6,0M • @iahg suecôraig 06% nm vgeuonm • Eujrai`mtn4 ` j`sn hn saeaigm`s g onzie`r : p`rtns hn v`sneam` sùeah` y 0 p`rtn hn p`r`cam`. • Cgsc`tg ogmgsùhaig 0O. • Iegr`oam` X `e 6,:>%. Yn bu`rh` nm kne`hnr` k`st` ne ogonmtg hn us`r.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
• Zn`itavg paraham`-j`rjatôraig4 nm um o`tr`z `cgr`hg hn >6 oe igegi`r 9 b. hn àiahg j`rjatôraig, 0> oe hn paraham` purïsao` y 9 oe hn àiahg iegrkïhraig igminmtr`hg. Onzie`r k`st` hasgeuiaùm tgt`e, eenv`r ` vgeuonm igm `bu` hnstae`h` y caetr`r.
Amstruonmt`e. • Nspnitrgcgtùontrg. • Iujnt`s hn sniiaùm iu`hr`h` hn 0 io hn p`sg hn euz. • Iào`r`s hn Igmw`y. Vrginhaoanmtg. Vrginhaoanmtg. 0.
Igegi`r nm ne igop`rtaoanm igop`rtaoanmtg tg amtnrmg hn e` umah`h hn oairghacusaùm hn Igmw`y 9,9 oe hn
kahrùxahg hn sghag 6,0M y nm ne igop`rtaoanmtg nxtnrmg : ` 8 oe hn s`mbrn tgt`e u gram`, g > oe hn kgogbnm`tg hn tndahg (nquav`enmtn ` 0 b hn tndahg). Igog rn`itavg eajnr`hgr sn `brnb`m : ` 9 bgt`s hn àiahg suecôraig `e 06% nm ne igop`rtaoanmtg nxtnrmg. :.
X`p`r amonha`t`onmtn y kgogbnmaz`r pgr rgt`iaùm. Ynee`r pnrcnit`onmt pnrcnit`onmtn n e`s iào`r`s igm
v`sneam`. Ne tanopg hn hacusaùm ns hn 9 ` 8 kgr`s ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. 9.
Xr`msiurrahg ne tanopg amhai`hg sn tgo` 0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm `ei`eam` hne igop`rtaoanmt igop`rtaoanmtg g
amtnrmg y sn igegi` nm um tujg hn nms`yg. Yn prnp`r` um je`mig igegi`mhg nm gtrg tujg 0 oe hn kahrùxahg hn sghag 6,0M. @ i`h` tujg `brnb`r : oe hn cgs`tg ogmgsùhaig 0O y 0 oe hn iegr`oam` X `e 6,:>%. Onzie`r y hnd`r nm rnpgsg : ` 9 oamutgs, `brnb`r pgr ôetaog 9 oe hn rn`itavg paraham`j`rjatôraig, onzie`r y hnd`r nm rnpgsg 06 oamutgs. Nm prnsnmia` hn aùm ia`murg `p`rnin igegr rgs`hg iuy` `jsgrj`mia` sn oahn ` >;6 mo. Yn igop`r` e` `jsgrj`mia` igm tnstabgs hn ia`murg nm igminmtr`iagmns igoprnmhah`s nmtrn 6,0 ` :,6 b/oe hn sgeuiaùm hn kahrùxaig hn sghag 6,0M.
8.0.3 S`egrns mgro`ens hn ia`murg nm amhavahug `huetg. Ne ia`murg `p`rnin igog prghuitg hne i`t`jgeasog mgro`e nm pnqunð`s i`mtah`hns. K`st` 0> ¾b/066 oe s`mbrn ns igmsahnr`hg igog v`egr mgro`e.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
8.0.> Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs. Ne v`egr hn XR@ ns hn 06 ppo (GYK@, O@L) oanmtr`s qun @IBAK y MAGYB rnigoanmh` um v`egr hn YXNE hn 8,2 ppo. Nm um` amtgxai`iaùm pgr am amk`e`iaùm k`e`iaùm hn à àiahg iahg ia`mkïh ia`mkïhraig raig v`egrns o`ygrns hn 066 ¾b/066 oe sunenm snr c`t`ens pnrg punhn v`ra`r hn um amhavahug ` gtrg. E` ambnstaùm hn 0>6- :66 ob hn M`IM punhn prgvgi`r e` ounrtn nm um amhavahug `huetg hn 26 Lb puhanmhg eenb`r e` igminmtr`iaùm s`mbuïmn` ` v`egrns 0 ’: ob/066 oe g supnragrns. Nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn i`h`várai`, ne ia`murg hns`p`rnin ràpah`onmtn pgr `iiaùm nmzaoàtai` y j`itnra`m`. K`st` 0> ¾b/066 oe hn s`mbrn nm ia`murg `p`rnin igog prghuitg hne i`t`jgeasog mgro`e nm pnqunð`s i`mtah`hns. Nm s`mbrn, mavnens hn ia`murg o`ygrns hn 0 ob/E ns `sgia`hg igm i`sgs c`t`ens.
Hgsas tùxai`4 tùxai`4 um` igminmtr`iaùm hn 0 ob/Lb hn pnsg igrpgr`e ns ogrt`e. 8.0.3. Bnmnr`iaùm hn ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg y àiahg ia`mkïhraig nm Aminmhags hn pgeïonrgs @itu`eonmtn sn pgmn nspnia`e ámc`sas nm e` amvnstab`iaùm hn àiahg iam`kïhraig (KIM) dumtg `e ogmùxahg hn i`rjgmg (IG) nm pnrsgm`s nxpunst`s ` aminmhags hn o`tnra`s peàstai`s qun igmtanmnm matrùbnmg nm su nstruitur`. Nm munstrg p`ïs, k`m suinhahg npasghags tràbaigs hur`mtn egs ôetaogs `ðgs qun tuvanrgm igog hnsnme`in e` ounrtn o`sav` hn pnrsgm`s (Vgr ndnopeg4 aminmhag nm umah`hns pnmatnmia`ra`s nm 0116 y :66> y e` hnmgoam`h` ―tr`bnha` hn Gmin‟ nm :668). Nm um npasghag hn aminmhag hn igeikgmns hn pgeaurtnmg igm 9> vïitao`s c`t`ens, Cnrr`ra nt `e (:660, :66>) igmsabm`rgm qun ne IG gsiae`j` nmtrn um 8%-0;% igm um prgonhag hn 1%, nxprns`hg igog % hn s`tur`iaù hn IGKj (i`rjgxaknogbegjam`)< oanmtr`s qun ne KIM ogstr`j` um amtnrv`eg amtnrv`eg hn :.6-2.: ob/E, igm um prgonhag hn 9.> ob ob/E. /E. Nstgs ôetaogs v`egrns nxinhnm `opea`onmtn egs v`egrns ent`ens, o`ygrns ` 0 ob/E, igmsabm`hgs nm jajeagbr`cï` p`r` ne b`s ia`mkïhraig nm s`mbrn (J`ee`mtymn, 0128< J`snet, :666< Ogcc`t nt `e, :668). Znpnttg y O`rtïmnz (0123) amcgro`rgm qun qun nm vïitao`s c`t`ens hn um aminmhag nm um ―mabk ―mabktt ieuj‟, sn gjsnrv`j` `etgs mavnens hn IG y hgsas suj-ent`ens hn àiahg ia`mkïhraig nm 8 hn egs 3 giiasgs. Nelaus y Igeno`m, iat`hg pgr Bu`tneea (011:), snð`e`rgm qun sn gjtanmn um` o`ygr prgpgriaùm hn IG igm rnspnitg ` KIM nm e` hnsigopgsaiaùm pargbnm`h` hn peàstaigs matrgbnm`hgs, oanmtr`s qun Ogmtbgonry (01;3) igmsabm` qun ne KIM nm cgro` o`sav` ns hnsprnmhahg nm `ojanmtns igm ouy pgig gxïbnmg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Bu`tneea (0138, 011:), igm `utgrah`h rnigmgiah` nm ne tno`, igonmt` hnt`ee`h`onmtn nms`ygs nxpnraonmt`ens y `iiahnmtns prgvgi`hgs prgvgi`hgs pgr aminmhags nm egs qun sn bnmnr`rgm ne KIM. Ya janm nxastn um igmsahnr`jen môonrg hn tr`j`dgs qun onmiagm`m e` pgsajen prghuiiaùm hn KIM nm aminmhags hn peàstaigs matrgbnm`hgs, pgig nm i`ojag sn k` amcgro`hg sgjrn ne rge hne KIM igog `bnmtn ent`e rnspnitg hne IG, nspnia`eonmtn nm igojustagmns hn peàstaigs g nspuo`s igog e`s hn pgeaurnt`mg. E` prghuiiaùm hn KIM nm havnrsgs prginsgs, snbôm egs o`tnra`ens amvgeuir`hgs, k` sahg hnogstr`h` pgr havnrsgs amvnstab`hgrns amvnstab`hgrns (Xnrrae nt `e, 012;< Yyoambtgm nt `e, 012;< Jarly y Ie`rln, 01;0< Ogmtbgonry, 01;3< Eumhquast nt `e, 01;1< @e`ran, :66:< R`esk nt `e, :668< Qngk y Jr`atjnrb, :668). Yn gjsnrv` mg gjst`mtn, um` tnmhnmia` ` `trajuar um p`pne oàs rnenv`mtn `e IG bnmnr`hg qun `e KIM. Amieusavn `ebumgs `utgrns sgstanmnm qun e` prghuiiaùm hn hastamtgs igopunstgs matrgbnm`hgs matrgbnm`hgs (hnrav`hgs matraegs), pghrï`m igopntar igm ne KIM eaoat`mhg egs ncnitgs tùxaigs hn nstn ôetaog (Bu`tneea, 011:). Nstgs nstuhags subnrarï`m qun ne KIM pghrï` prgvgi`r um` ràpah` amkajaiaùm amaia`e sgjrnvamanmhg pgstnragronmtn e` ounrtn pgr amtgxai`iaùm igm IG (Vursnr nt `e, 01;8). Munstrgs k`ee`zbgs p`r` ne pgeaurnt`mg, sn igmtr`pgmnm ` nst` pgstur`. E` igojustaùm amaia`e hnsigopgmn `e pgeaurnt`mg nmtrn 0>6-966´I, eajnr`mhg nmtrn gtrgs prghuitgs KIM y IG. Ogmtbgonry (01;3) j`s`hg nm nxpnraonmtg nxpnraonmtgss `mao`ens igmsabmù qun e` tnopnr`tur` nm e` qun sn cgro`rï` ne tnoahg KIM punhn v`ra`r snbôm egs hastamtgs tapgs hn pgeïonrg, mgtàmhgsn um` hacnrnmia` rnenv`mtn nm e`s nspuo`s rïbah`s y e`s nspuo`s cenxajens. @hnoàs, p`rninrï` qun nst`s hacnrnmia`s sn nqueajr`m iu`mhg sn `ei`mz`m g sgjrnp`s`m egs ;66´I. Vgr gtrg e`hg Laoonren (iat. pgr Ogmtbgonry, 01;3) nmigmtrù qun e` tnopnr`tur` hn hnsigopgsaiaùm hn um` nspuo` cenxajen hn pgeaurnt`mg ` e` iu`e prghuiï` um` `toùscnr` ent`e nm r`t`s nr` onmgr ` 966´I, oanmtr`s oanmtr`s qun e`s nspuo`s rïbah rïbah`s `s eg k`iï`m pgr sgjrn egs 3>6´I 3>6´I.. @e nsiamharsn nm um` igojustaùm igojustaùm oàs càiaeonmtn ne brupg IM- hne pgeïonrg igm ne `uonmtg hn e` tnopnr`tur`, tnmanmhg nm iunmt` qun nst` punhn `ei`mz`r nmtrn >66-0666´I nm um tanopg hn : ` > oamutgs, sn hnhuin e` ràpah` eajnr`iaùm o`sav` hn KIM. I`jn snð`e`r qun e` prgp`b`iaùm hn e` igojustaùm nm nstn i`sg ns sabmacai`tav`onmtn oàs ràpah` qun e` gjsnrv`h` nm um aminmhag igm i`mtah`h nquav`enmtn hn o`hnr`. E` hnsirapiaùm hn aminmhags amigmtrge`jens igm pgeaurnt`mgs sam rnt`rh`mtns hn abmaiaùm, amhai` qun nxastn um` ràpah` hasnoam`iaùm hn cunbg y kuog qun punhn igmtrajuar nm cgro` rnenv`mtn `e pgtnmia`e ent`e hn nstgs suinsgs. Bu`tneea (011:) nm munstrg onhag, mgt` qun nm umah`hns i`rine`ra`s sn k`m prghuiahg aminmhags amtnmiagm`ens hn igeikgmns, igm rneenmg hn bgo` nspuo`, snð`e`mhg qun e` ounrtn hn ouikgs amtnrmgs sn k`jrï` prghuiahg pgr amtgxai`iaùm gxai`rjgm`h`, sam pr`itai`r e` hntnroam`iaùm hn KIM. O`macanst` `hnoàs, qun e` amigrpgr`iaùm hn `bnmtns rnt`rh`mtns hn e` igojustaùm nm nstn tapg hn pgeïonrgs punhn oghacai`r egs prghuitgs hn hnbr`h`iaùm. Nxprns` t`ojaám qun e`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. `haiaùm hn igjrn ` e` nspuo` cenxajen hn pgeaurnt`mg rnhumh`rï` nm um` sabmacai`tav` rnhuiiaùm hne KIM bnmnr`hg nm aminmhags, igog t`ojaám gtrgs prghuitgs hn igojustaùm. Mgsgtrgs gpam`ogs qun sn hnjn rn`eaz`r e` hntnroam`iaùm hn `ojgs tùxaigs vgeàtaens, igm ne gjdntg hn `ei`mz`r um` ahn` oàs `i`j`h` sgjrn e` prnsumt` amceunmia` hn `ojgs vnmnmgs nm ne prginsg hn amtgxai`iaùm. Nst` gpamaùm sn nmiunmtr` nm eïmn` igm um` pujeai`iaùm ouy rnianmtn hn R`esk nt `e. (:668) qun nmc`taz` snra`onmtn e` aopgrt`mia` hne àiahg ia`mkïhraig nm aminmhags hn o`tnra`ens havnrsgs, igmsabm`mhg qun nmtrn >,666 y 06,666 pnrsgm`s ounrnm i`h` `ðg nm Nst`hgs ^mahgs pgr ogtavg hn amtgxai`iaùm ia`mkïhrai` prgvnmanmtn hn e` amk`e`iaùm hn b`sns nm aminmhags. @umqun ne ncnitg ent`e hne hne b`s ia`mkïhraig n nss janm igmgiahg nm n nee kgojrn, pgi` ns e` amcgro amcgro`iaùm `iaùm haspgmajen `inri` hne iursg y snvnrah`h nm e` `iiaùm ami`p`iat`mtn p`r` kuïh` nm satu`iagmns hn aminmhag, hur`mtn egs nst`hags tnopr`mgs hn e` nxpgsaiaùm. X`ojaám hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun e` hasoamuiaùm hn e` igminmtr`iaùm hn gxïbnmg nm ne `ojanmtn nm igojustaùm punhn snr i`us` hn amip`iat`iaùm y ounrtn, nspnia`eonmtn sa hasoamuyn nm mavnens amcnragrns `e 06% (@e`ran, :66:). Vgr ôetaog, ns ouy aopgrt`mtn rn`eaz`r nms`ygs sgjrn ounstr`s hn o`tnra`ens igojustagm`hgs igm ne gjdntg hn vnracai`r e` cgro`iaùm g mg hne KIM.
8.: Xùxaigs vgeàtaens. Yn hnmgoam`m tùxaigs vgeàtAens ` tgh`s `qunee`s sust`mia`s qun amhnpnmhanmtnonmtn hn su nst`hg cïsaig punhnm snp`r`rsn hne o`tnra`e qun e`s igmtanmn ` tr`vás hn egs sabuanmtns oátghgs4 hnstae`iaùm saopen hnstae`iaùm pgr `rr`strn igm v`pgr, oairghacusaùm, nsp`iag i`jnz`. Igoprnmhnm, nmtrn gtrgs, ` igopunstgs t`ens igog `eigkgens prao`rags, `ehnkïhgs, intgm`s, cnmgens y sgevnmtns grbàmaigs igog átnr, iegrgcgrog, tntr`iegrurg hn i`rjgmg, nti. Ns mnins`rag tnmnr nm iunmt` qun egs tùxaigs vgeàtaens `e ambrns`r `e grb`masog punhnm sucrar um` snran hn oghacai`iagmns nm su nstruitur` hn o`mnr` t`e qun, haik`s sust`mia`s punhnm igmvnrtarsn nm ont`jgeatgs `tùxaigs g janm `uonmt`r mgt`jenonmtn su tgxaiah`h. Nm egs i`sgs hn amtgxai`iagmns, p`r` rn`eaz`r e` igrrnspgmhanmtn amvnstab`iaùm sn nopen` um` `eïiugt` `igrhn igm ne vgeuonm tgt`e hn e` ounstr` rnigbah`. Nm ounstr`s hnstam`h`s ` e` pnrat`iaùm, bnmnr`eonmtn bnmnr`eonmtn sn utaeaz` um git`vg hn e` i`mtah`h tgt`e hn e` ounstr` haspgmajen haspgmajen.. Nm e`s pnraia`s sn nopen`m vùoatgs, rnstgs hn onhai`onmtgs, `eaonmtgs, vïsinr`s (nstùo`bg, kïb`hg, j`zg, raðgmns, inrnjrg), s`mbrn u gram`. Yn prginhn nmtgmins ` tgo`r um` pgriaùm rnhuiah` hn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. neegs sgjrn e` qun sn ncnitô`m rn`iiagmns prneaoam`rns igm p`pnens rn`itavgs prnvag `e `ase`oanmtg hne g hn egs tùxaigs, tr`t`mhg hn `m`eaz`r e` sniiaùm hne tr`itg habnstavg hgmhn prnsuoajenonmtn, prnsuoajenon mtn, sn nmiunmtrn e` o`ygr igminmtr`iaùm hn egs sust`mia`s hn amtnrás. E`s igmhaiagmns hn rnigeniiaùm hn e`s ounstr`s hnjnm igmtnope`r mg utaeaz`r `eigkge igog `mtasáptaig egi`e ma gtr`s sgeuiagmns igmstatuah`s pgr sust`mia`s rnhuitgr`s qun punh`m amtnrcnrar nm e` hntnroam`iaùm pgstnragr. Yn rnigoanmh` us`r sgeuiaùm d`jgmgs` g sgeuiaùm `iugs` hn jaiegrurg hn onriurag 6,>%. E` igmsnrv`iaùm hn e`s ounstr`s rnquanrn ne nopeng hn rniapanmtns hn peàstaig igm t`p` knroátai` (mg us`r t`pgmns hn bgo`) igmtnmanmhg : - > ob hn ceugrurg hn sghag (`mtaig`bue`mtn y igmsnrv`hgr) g janm gx`e`tg y iatr`tg. @saoasog, sn hnjnm rn`eaz`r ràpah`onmtn e`s hntnroam`iagmns hntnroam`iagm ns g nm su hncnitg, sgontnr ` e`s oaso`s ` um `eo`inm`oanm `eo`inm`oanmtg tg rncrabnr`hg ` 8¶I, snee`mhg ne rniapanmtn y sn hnjnm tnmnr igmtr`ounstr`s. Ns aopgrt`mtn ne `ase`oanmtg hn haikgs igopunstgs snp`r`jens hne o`tnra`e qun eg igmtanmnm ` tr`vás hn egs hastamtgs oátghgs iat`hgs prnva`onmtn, egs iu`ens sn hns`rrgee`ràm ` igmtamu`iaùm. Vgstnragronmtn `e `ase`oanmtg, sn rn`eaz` e` iu`mtacai`iaùm hn e`s sust`mia`s nm nstuhag onha`mtn ne nopeng hn havnrs`s ontghgegbï`s igog irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` (IB), irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` hn `et` rnsgeuiaùm (KZIB) igm nopeng hn igeuom`s i`pae`rns, oátghgs nmzaoàtaigs, oátghgs `igpe`hgs, nti.
8.:.0 Nt`mge.
8.:.0.0 Amtrghuiiaùm. Hnmtrg hn egs tùxaigs vgeàtaens, egs `eigkgens Nt`mge Nt`mge y Ont`mge Ont`mge sgm sust`mia`s hn aopgrt`mia` tgxaigeùbai` h`h` su `iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai` hnprnsgr` hne sastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e (YMI) y ne `jusg irnianmtn hne igmsuog hn jnjah`s `eigkùeai`s. Nstg ôetaog prnsnmt` aopgrt`mia` oáhaig - sgia`e hnjahg ` qun egs amhavahugs `eigkgeaz`hgs punhnm snr i`us`mtns hn tr`stgrmgs y `iiahnmtns hn egs iu`ens sgm aoput`jens. E`s vï`s hn pnmntr`iaùm pgsajens hn egs `eigkgens sgm e` habnstav`, e` rnspar`tgra`, y e` `jsgriaùm ` tr`vás hn e` pane. Nm ne i`sg hne nt`mge, e` amtgxai`iaùm oàs crniunmtn giurrn iu`mhg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ne amhavahug ambanrn i`mtah`hns nxinsav`s hn nst` sust`mia` pgr ne igmsuog hn jnjah`s `eigkùeai`s cnronmt`h`s y/g hnstae`h`s. Egs tapgs hn ounstr`s bnmnr`eonmtn us`hgs p`r` nst`s hntnroam`iagmns sgm4 s`mbrn (`eigkgenoa`), gram`, gtrgs ceuahgs jageùbaigs, vïsinr`s, `eaonmtgs, nti. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm egs oátghgs hn hntnroam`iaùm hn nt`mge o`s crniunmtnonmtn nopen`hgs nm um e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï`.
8.:.0.: Hntnroam`iaùm hn nt`mge nm s`mbrn pgr ne oátghg hn oairghacusaùm. E` oairghacusaùm sn rn`eaz` nm iào`r`s hn Igmw`y qun pgsnnm nm ne igop`rtaoanmtg nxtnrmg ounstr` y `bnmtn eajnr`hgr (IG9L:) y nm ne amtnrmg ne `bnmtn `tr`p`mtn Ir :G2L: + K:YG8 6,60M. Nm nstn i`sg, sn prghuin e` i`pt`iaùm y gxah`iaùm hne nt`mge k`ia` àiahg `iátaig, cgrzàmhgsn e` rnogiaùm igopent` hne praonr igopunstg `e i`jg hn um tanopg y tnopnr`tur` prnva`onmtn hntnroam`hg hntnroam`hgs. s. E`s ounstr`s sgjrn e`s qun sn utaeaz` nst` táimai` sgm s`mbrn, gram`, s`eav` y gtrgs ceuahgs jageùbaigs.
Zn`itavgs
• Ygeuiaùm hn L :Ir :G2 6.063 M nm K :YG8 ::,6; M (Vns`r >,: br hn L :Ir :G2 nm 866 oe hn K:G (h) y eenv`r ` 0 E igm K:YG8 (i). • Ygeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn L :IG9 .
Iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm. Ygeuiagmns hn s`mbrn igm igminmtr`iagmns igmgiah`s igmgiah`s hn `eigkge ntïeaig4 6,:> b/E< 6,>6 b/E, 0,6 b/E < :, 6 b/E < 9,6 y 8.66 b/E.
Vrginhaoanmtg. Yn igegi`m nm ne igop`rtaonmtg amtnrmg hn e` iào`r` hn Igmw`y (t`o`ðg pnqunðg), 6,> oe hn e` sgeuiaùm àiah` hn Ir :G2L:. Nm um nxtrnog hne igop`rtaonmtg nxtnrmg, sn `brnb`m 6,: oe hn s`mbrn y nm ne gtrg nxtrnog hne oasog 6,: oe hn e` sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn IG 9L:, X`p`r e`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. iào`r` y k`inre` bar`r iuah`hgs`onmtn (nm cgro` kgrazgmt`e) sgjrn e` ons` hn tr`j`dg, p`r` pgmnr nm igmt`itg egs rn`itavgs igegi`hgs nm ne igop`rtaonmtg nxtnrmg. Hnd`r hacumhar 0 kgr` ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. Eunbg, hnst`p`r e` iào`r` y rnigbnr e` sgeuiaùm hne igop`rtaonmtg amtnrmg. Vrginhnr ` e` enitur` nspnitrgcgtgoátrai` ` 3:6 mo. Nm ne i`sg hn utaeaz`r iào`r`s hn Igmw`y (t`o`ðg br`mhn) egs vgeôonmns hn egs rn`itavgs ` utaeaz`r snrï`m egs sabuanmtns4 9 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm àiah` hn Ir :G2L:, 0 oe hn s`mbrn y 0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn IG9L:.
Znsuet`hgs S`egrns hn `eigkgenoa` supnragrns supnragrns ` 6,> b/ E, tanmnm aopgrt`mia` oáhaig-e oáhaig-enb`e nb`e nm munstrg p`ïs.
8.:.0.9 Hntnroam`iaùm hn nt`mge nm s`mbrn pgr ne oátghg hn Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs` (IB) y Kn`h Yp`in. @ cam hn prginhnr ` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm hn nt`mge nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn sn utaeaz` e` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`, aopenonmt`mhg e` táimai` hne ―kn`h sp`in‟ p`r` snp`r`r egs `m`eatgs hn e` o`traz, prnvag ` e` amyniiaùm nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg. O`tnra`ens y rn`itavgs.
`) Ygeuiaùm nstàmh`r hn nt`mge `e 06 br/E . j) Y`mbrn eajrn hn nt`mge igm `brnb`hg hn e` sgeuiaùm hn nt`mge p`r` `ei`mz`r igminmtr`iagmns igminmtr`iagmns hn 6.>, 0.6, 0.> y :.6 b/E. i) @bnmtn eajnr`mtn4 sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn i`rjgm`tg hn pgt`sag. h) Jut`mge 0 pgr oae nm s`mbrn mg putrnc`it` . n) Sa`ens hn vahrag hn 06 oe hn i`p`iah`h, inrr`hgs igm t`pùm hn bgo` y `r`mhne` hn `euoamag igm snee`hgr o`mu`e. Igmhaiagmns hne kn`h-sp`in (KV 2318N).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Amiuj`iaùm ` 36¶I hn egs va`ens inrr`hggs hur`mtn 06 oamutgs, prnsuraz`iaùm i`rranr M : 08,8 psa, prnsaùm nm va`e 08,6 psa. Xanopg prnsuraz`iaùm4 6,: oam, tanopg eggp4 6,60 oam, tanopg amyniiaùm4 6,: oam. Xnopnr`tur` eggp4 06:¶I, tnopnr`tur` eïmn`e 066¶I. Igmhaiagmns irgo`tgbràcai`s (VN ;666) Igeuom` hn vahrag nop`i`h` (0,;6 o e`rbg, haàontrg nxtnrmg 0/; hn pueb`h` igm rneenmg hn I`rjgw`x 0>66 `e 6,:% c`sn nst`iagm`ra` sgpgrtn4 Br`pk`p`i BI o`ee` 36/;6, tnopnr`tur` igeuom` 066¶I, hntnitgr hn agmaz`iaùm hn ee`o` (tnopnr`tur` ? 0>6¶I), tnopnr`tur` hn amyniiaùm ? 0>6¶I. Xanopg hn rntnmiaùm nt`mge4 :.90 oam, tanopg hn rntnmiaùm st`mh`rh amtnrmg4 8.;;. Ne`jgr`iaùm hn e` iurv` p`trùm Yn prnp`r`m va`ens igm 0 oe hn s`mbrn igm `brnb`hg hn e` sgeuiaùm tapg hn nt`mge p`r` `ei`mz`r igminmtr`iagmns igminmtr`iagmns hn 6,>, 0,6, 0,> y :,6 b/E. Yn `brnb`m ` i`h` umg 6.> oe oe hn sgeuiaùm hne p`trùm amtnrmg y 0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm hne `bnmtn eajnr`hgr. Yn t`p`m knroátai`onmtn. @ p`rtar hne irgo`tgbr`o` irgo`tgbr`o` rnsuet` rnsuet`mtn mtn sn gjtanmnm e`s àrn`s j`dg e` iurv` hne nt` nt`mge mge y hne p`trùm amtnrmg. Yn br`cai` igminmtr`iaùm hn nt`mge nm s`mbrn vs. @NtGK/@VA, nm hgmhn @NtGK ns ne àrn` j`dg e` iurv` hne paig hn nt`mge y @ VA ns ne àrn` j`dg e` iurv` hne p`trùm amtnrmg. Vrginhaoanmtg Yn prnp`r` um va`e hn 06 oe igm 0 oe hn s`mbrn ` `m`eaz`r, 0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm hne st`mh`rh amtnrmg y 0 oe hne `bnmtn eajnr`hgr, `brnb`hgs nm nsn grhnm. Yn snee` ràpah`onmtn ne va`e p`r` su haspgsaiaùm nm ne nquapg. Egs iàeiuegs sn rn`eaz`m pgr amtnrpge`iaùm ` p`rtar hn egs h`tgs gjtnmahgs p`r` e` iurv` p`trùm, igmsahnr`m igmsahnr`mhg hg sanoprn e` rne`iaùm @NtGK / @ Y. Yn nxprns`m egs rnsuet`hgs nm br`ogs hn nt`mge/e hn s`mbrn g nm ob/066 oe.
8.:.0.8 Hntnroam`iaùm hn nt`mge nm s`mbrn s`mbrn pgr oátghgs jagquïoaigs. Egs oátghgs jagquïoaigs jagquïoaigs pnroatnm e` hgsacai`iaùm hne `eigkge nm e` s`mbrn u gtrgs ceuahgs jageùbaigs ` ncnitgs hn amcnrar e` aoprnbm`iaùm `eigkùeai` hne grb`masog. Nmtrn neegs sn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. nmiunmtr`m egs oátghgs nmzaoàtaigs (oátghg hn e` `eigkge hnskahrgbnm`s` @HK) y oátghgs `igpe`hgs (nmzaoàtaig ’ nenitrgquïoaigs nenitrgquïoaigs)) (jagsnmsgrns).
Oátghg-Nmzaoàtaig /^S. Cumh`onmtg. Ne nt`mge ns gxah`hg ` `int`ehnkïhg nm prnsnmia` hn e` nmzao` `eigkge hnskahrgbnm`s` hnskahrgbnm `s` (@HK) pgr maigtam`oah` / `hnmam` hamuienùtahg (M@H). Nt`mge + M@H+
`int`ehnkahg+ M@HK + K +
Ne `int`ehnkahg cgro`hg punhn snr hnspe`z`hg tgt`eonmtn k`ia` e` hnrnik` nm igmhaiagmns `ei`eam`s `tr`p`mhg ne `int`ehnkahg cgro`hg.
Ne `int`ehnkahg ns gxah`hg nm prnsnmia` hn `ehnkïhg hnkahrgbnm`s` (@e-HK) iu`mtat`tav`onmtn ` àiahg `iátaig iu`mtat`tav`onmtn @int`ehnkïhg + M@H M@H++ K:G
àiahg `iátaig + M@HK + K*
M@HK ns hntnroam`hg pgr e` onhah` hn su `jsgrj`mia` ` 998, 986 ù 98> mo. Nms`yg. Nms`yg.
• 066 oe hn juccnr hacgsc`tg hn pgt`sag pK 1 t`jent`s, t`s, i`h` t`jent` iigmtanmn gmtanmn M@H 8 ob, `ehnk `ehnkahg ahg hn hnkahrgbnm`s` kahrgbnm`s` nst`jaeaz`h`. • 96 t`jen
• 0,> oe hn suspnmsaùm @HK hn 2666 ^. Nt`mge nstàmh`r4 us`r sam haeuar. Yn utaeaz` p`r` ne igmtrge hne prginsg. Yn prnp`r`m hn e`s sgeuiagmns snbôm e`s amhai`iagmns hne c`jrai`mtn. Igmhaiagmns hn tr`j`dg.
• Egmbatuh hn gmh` 986mo ù 93> mo ù 998 mo • Iujnt`s hn vahrag4 0 io p`sg ùptaig Xnopnr`tur` ` = :6 / :>¶I • Xnopnr`tur
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. m`e4 9,0> oe. Ennr igmtr` `ar `arn n (sam iiujnt` ujnt` nm ne p`sg hn euz, igmtr` `bu `bu` `g • Sgeuonm cacam`e4 igmtr` je`mig (iu`mhg sn us` cgtùontrg hn hgjen k`z).
• Ygeuiaùm hn ounstr`4 6.9 - 0: ¾e nt`mge /iujnt` (nm 6,066-6,>66 oe hn vgeuonm hn ounstr`)
Vrginhaoanmtg Vapntn`r nm e` iujnt`
je`mig
Zn`iiaùm onzie`
9,666 oe
9,666 oe
@bu` rnhnstae`h` rnhnstae`h`
6,066 oe
----------
Ygeuiaùm ounstr`
--------
6,066 oe
Onzie`r `prgxao`h`onmtn 9 oamutgs y ennr e` `jsgrj`mia` hn e` sgeuiaùm (@ ) 0
Ygeuiaùm 9
6,6>6 oe
6,6>6 oe
Onzie`r, hnspuás hn igopent` rn`iiaùm (> ` 06 oamutgs) ennr e` `jsgrj`mia` hn e` sgeuiaùm amonha`t`onmtn amonha`t`onmtn um` hnspuás hn e` gtr`. (@:) Ns `jsgeut`onmtn mnins`rag t`p`r e` iujnt` igm p`r`caeo hur`mtn e` onhah` Hntnroam`r e` hacnrnmia` hn `jsgrj`mia `jsgrj`mia` ` (@ :- @0) p`r` `ojgs, je`mig ounstr`. @ ? (@:-@A) ounstr` - (À:-@A) je`mig E` onhah`s hn `jsgrj`mia` hnjnm `rrgd`r igog rnbe`, um` hacnrnmia` hn `e onmgs 6,066 umah`hns hn `jsgrj`mia` p`r` gjtnmnr rnsuet`hgs sucaianmtnonmtn prniasgs. Iàeiuegs Hn `iunrhg ` e` niu`iaùm bnmnr`e p`r` i`eiue`r e` igminmtr`iaùm nm e` rn`iiaùm nm e` iu`e e` i`mtah`h hn M@HK cgro`hg ns nstnquagoátra nstnquagoátrai`onmtn i`onmtn abu`e ` e` oat`h hn e` i`mtah`h hn sustr`tg4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I(b / E )
S .VO .Μ@
N.h. v .:.0666
S4 vgeuonm cam`e, 9.0>6 oA.
v4 vgeuonm hn ounstr`, 6.066 oe VO4 pnsg ogeniue`r hne nt`mge (b/oge). 83.62 h4 p`sg ùptaig, 0.66 io N4 igncaianmtn hn nxtamiaùm oge`r hne M@HK
986 om4 3.9 (e.oge-0. io) 93>oo4 9.8 (e.oge-0. io) 998 mo4 3.0; (e.oge-0. io) Ya e` ounstr` k` sahg haeuah` igmsahnr`r `peai`r ` egs rnsuet`hgs ne igrrnspgmhanmtn c`itgr hn haeuiaùm Yï sn `m`eaz` um sùeahg y/g ounstr` snoasùeah`, e` iu`e ns pns`h` p`r` e` prnp`r`iaùm, egs rnsuet`hgs sn nxprns`m pgr i`mtah`h hn ounstr` pns`h`. igmtnmahg nt`mge ? nt`mge (b/e (b/e sge. ounstr`) x 066
(b/066 )
pnsg ounstr` (b/e sge. ounstr`)
8.:.0.> Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn rnsuet`hgs. E` rne`iaùm nmtrn `eigkgenoa` y egs ncnitgs c`ro`igeùbaigs prghuiahgs prnsnmt` v`ra`iagmns snbôm c`itgrns amhavahu`ens amhavahu`ens t`ens igog nh`h, kàjatg, snxg, nti. H`h` su `iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai` hnprnsgr` hne sastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e (YMI), ne nt`mge prghuin um` p`ràeasas hnsinmhnmtn hne oasog, eunbg e` hnprnsaùm igmtamô` sgjrn egs inmtrgs sujigrtai`ens y ne inrnjneg, hnspuás sgjrn e` oáhue` nspam`e y cam`eonmtn sgjrn ne juejg, igm hnprnsaùm hn egs inmtrgs vat`ens, rnspar`tgrag y v`sgogtgr eenv`mhg ` e` ounrtn `e amhavahug. E` `iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai` c`ro`igeùbai` hne nt`mge igoprnmhn igoprnmhn 8 pnrïghgs, iuy`s o`macnst`iagmn o`macnst`iagmnss nstàm nm rne`iaùm igm su igminmtr`iaùm nm s`mbrn (`eigkgenoa`).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Vnrïghg AA44 (>6 - 0>6) ob/066 io9 s`mbrn. @etnr`iagmns cumiagm`ens hn e` igrtnz` inrnjr`e (onogra`, `tnmiaùm, `sgia`iaùm hn ahn`s nstàm pnrturj`h`s). Eajnr`iaùm hne tgmg nogiagm`e, o`ekuogr, nxinsg hn igmca`mz`. Vnrïghg AA4 AA4 (0>6 - :>6) ob/066 io9 s`mbrn. Njranh`h o`macanst`. Xr`stgrmgs hn e` p`e`jr`, pgstur` y o`rik`, párhah` hn e` iggrham`iaùm, hnprnsaùm hn egs inmtrgs pgstur`ens, amieuynmhg ne inrnjneg. Vnrïghg AAA4 AAA4 (:>6 9>6) ob/066 io9 s`mbrn'. Yunðg prgcumhg, amigmsianmia`, nstupgr, igo`. Yn `cnit`m egs inmtrgs nspam`ens. Vnrïghg AS AS44 (9>6 - 8>6) ob/066 io9 s`mbrn. Hnprnsaùm hn inmtrgs juej`rns, v`sgogtgr, rnspar`tgrag. Nxastn pneabrg hn ounrtn. Igo` prgcumhg. Vane kôonh` y crï`, puesg `inenr`hg, pupae`s hae`t`h`s y rnspar`iagmns enmt`s. E` ounrtn sn prghuin pgr p`ràeasas rnspar`tgra` pramiap`eonmtn pramiap`eon mtn igm igminmtr`iagm igminmtr`iagmns ns o`ygrns ` >66 ob/066 io 9s `mbrn. Ne `eigkge prghuin g igmstatuyn um i`sg tïpaig hn Xgxaigo`mï` (hnpnmhnmia` cïsai`, psïquai` y tgenr`mia`). Hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` cgrnmsn amtnrns` su iu`mtacai`iaùm ` ncnitgs hn `peai`rsn iu`mhg igrrnspgmh` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn `eigenoa` rntrgspnitav`.
8.:.0.3 Iurv`s hn `jsgriaùm-neaoam`iaùm hn nt`mge nm s`mbrn y Iàeiuegs hn @eigkgenoa` Zntrgspnitav`. Raho`rl nm 019: k`jï` nmumia`hg qun ne ont`jgeasog hne `eigkge tr`msiurrï` ` vnegiah`h igmst`mtn, pnrg enmt`onmtn. Ne `eigkge igmtnmahg nm e`s jnjah`s `eigkùeai`s sn `jsgrjn prncnrnmtnonmtn pgr ne ynyumg aengm, `ei`mz`mhg nm jrnvn ne tgrrnmtn s`mbuïmng h`h` su càiae hacusaùm pgr e`s onojr`m`s jageùbai`s. E` ambnstaùm `mtnragr g saouetàmn` hn `eaonmtgs sùeahgs k`in oàs enmt` e` `jsgriaùm oanmtr`s qun ne `yumg e` `inenr`. E` hnsamtgxai`iaùm jagquïoai` ns prgbrnsav` y hur` `prgxao`h`onmtn um`s 0:-03 kgr`s. Ne ratog hn neaoam`iaùm hnpnmhn hne igncaianmtn hn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ntaegxah`iaùm, qun nxprns` e` i`mtah`h hn `eigkge neaoam`hg pgr oamutg y pgr laegbr`og hn pnsg nm um sudntg h`hg, iu`equanr` sn` su igminmtr`iaùm4 nstn igncaianmtn ns ee`o`hg ―igmst`mtn κ hn Raho`rl‟. E` cabur` 8 8.9 .9 aeustr` um` iu iurv` rv` tïpai` hn `jsgriaùm - n neaoam`iaùm, eaoam`iaùm, onha`mtn e`s hntnroam`iagmns hn nt`mge nm s`mbrn (`eigkgenoa`) y ne tanopg tr`msiurrahg hnshn ne `itg hn ambnst`. E` praonr p`rtn amhai` um` `eigkgenoa` `sinmhnmtn, qun sn o`macanst` nm e` nt`p` hn `jsgriaùm hn `eigkge hnshn ne tr`itg b`strgamtnstam`e ` e` s`mbrn. Ya e` `jsgriaùm ns ràpah` (igog suinhn igm e`s jnjah`s hn `et` br`hu`iaùm `eigkù `eigkùeai` eai` g ambnst` nm nst`hg hn `yumg) e` iurv` hn `jsgriaùm snond`rà oàs um` vnrtai`e (eïmn` tr`zgs igrt`hgs). I`sg igmtr`rag, pgr ndnopeg iu`mhg sn nmiunmtr`m `eaonmtgs nm ne nstùo`bg `e ogonmtg hn e` eaj`iaùm, pgsnnrà onmgr pnmhanmtn (eïmn` hn pumtgs). E` zgm` hn onsnt` amhai` um nquaeajrag nmtrn ne ambrnsg pgr hacusaùm y neaoam`iaùm gxah`tav`.
:,8 n r b m :,6 ` s m n
e 0,3 g m ` t n 0,:
It
n h m ù a 6,; i ` r t m n 6,8 i m g i
Ϋ
∃I Io
6,6 6
:
8
3
;
Xanopg Xano pg (kg (kgr`s) r`s)
06
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Cab. 8.94 8.94 Iurv` hn `eigkgenoa `eigkgenoa`. `. Vrgegmb`mhg Vrgegmb`mh g e` rnit` k`ia` e` grhnm`h` gjsnrv`ogs e` igminmtr`iaùm igminmtr`iaùm igrrnspgmhan igrrnspgmhanmtn mtn ` Ig, sanmhg nst` e` `eigkge `eigkgenoa` noa` oàxao` tnùrai`, supgm supgmanmhg anmhg `jsgriaù `jsgriaùm m amonha`t` y tgt`e hn tghg ne nt`mge. Nxpnraonmt`eonmtn sn igoprgjù qun e` rne`iaùm H/Ig ns 6,2 p`r` ne kgojrn y 6,3 p`r` e` oudnr, hnjahg ` e` hnsabu`e hastrajuiaùm hne nt`mge nm egs hacnrnmtns tndahgs igrpgr`ens. Nst` rne`iaùm H/Ig sunen hncamarsn igog Sgeuonm hn Hastrajuiaùm. Ne igncaianmtn κ (nm ne bràcaig) punhn gjtnmnrsn onha`mtn e` rne`iaùm4 ∃I / ∃t, ns hniar, κ ? ∃I/ ∃t. E` aopgrt`mia` hne igncaianmtn κ r`hai` nm qun pnroatn ncnitu`r iàeiuegs rntrgspnitavgs hn `eigkgenoa` y hntnroam`r ne `eigkge ambnrahg pgr um amhavahug. Ne Vrgcnsgr O`mune Znpnttg igmsahnr` qun p`r` `peai`r egs iàeiuegs hn `eigkgenoa` rntrgspnitav`, igmcgron `e nspïratu hne Hnrnikg y mg pnrduhai`r `e `ius`hg sn punhn tgo`r ne v`egr oïmaog hn κ ? 6,0 br br pgr oa oae,e, sa nst` nxprns`hg nm kgr`s< g janm 6.66:, sa nst` nxprns`hg nm oamutgs. Nm um pramiapag sn irnyù qun κ nr` igmst`mtn, pnrg igm ne tanopg, egs nstuhags nxpnraonmt`ens `rrgd`rgm munv` euz, nm rne`iaùm ` e` vnrh`hnr` iamátai` qun prnsnmt` ne `eigkge ntïeaig. Kgy sn `hoatn qun `ebumgs c`itgrns amhavahu`ens, igog pgr ndnopeg, suhgr`iaùm, k`jatu`iaùm y `ebum`s p`tgegbï`s knpàtai`s y rnm`ens, punhnm oghacai`r ne v`egr hn e` igmst`mtn
κ. Ns aopgrt`mtn tnmnr nm iunmt` qun egs iàeiuegs nm qun amvgeuir`ogs κ, sùeg tanmnm v`eahnz nm e` nt`p` hn neaoam`iaùm, ns hniar, nm e` r`o` hnsinmhnmtn hn e` iurv` `jsgriaùm neaoam`iaùm. Nxastn hasirnp`mia` nmtrn egs `utgrns sgjrn e` nx`itatuh hn egs iàeiuegs rntrgspnitavgs. @ebumgs amhai`m qun egs muonrgsgs c`itgrns qun amceuynm nm κ, mg prgpgriagm`m h`tgs cahnhabmgs p`r` `peai`regs o`tnoàtai`onmtn y igm nx`itatuh. Nm i`ojag gtrgs `pgy`m e` v`eahnz hne iàeiueg pnrg `hvanrtnm e` mninsah`h hn ncnitu`r hgs hntnroam`iagmns hn `eigkgenoa`, suinsav`s, p`r` `snbur`r qun sn nstà nm e` nt`p` mnt` hn neaoam`iaùm neaoam`iaùm.. @mtns hn nmtr`r nm e`s nxprnsagmns o`tnoàtai`s y egs prginhaoan prginhaoanmtgs mtgs qun sn rn`eaz`m p`r` gjtnmnr ne rnsuet`hg hn um` `eigkgenoa` um tanopg ―t‟ `mtnragr ` e` tgo` hn ounstr`, i`jn snð`e`r qun nm rn`eah`h e` neaoam`iaùm mg sabun um` iamátai` eamn`e hn grhnm ―6‟ g eamn`e samg sgeg p`r` igminmtr`iagmns hn nt`mge nm s`mbrn supnragr ` 6,> b/e hn `eigkge ntïeaig. Nm nstn i`sg e` igminmtr`iaùm ` tanopg ―t‟ nst`rà h`h` pgr4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
It ? Io - lt
Yanmhg It4 `eigkgenoa` `e tanopg t, igm Io4 `eigkgenoa` `e ogonmtg hn e` tgo` hn ounstr` y l igmst`mtn. (V`r` um` amcgro`iaùm oàs nxtnms` igmsuet`r O`mu`e hn Xgxaigegbå` @v`mz`h` hne Vrgc. O`mune Znpnttg, Nh. Ha`z hn Y`mtgs, Nsp`ð`, 0112 )
Nm duaiags pgr kgoaiahag, ensagmns br`vns, nti. ne o`bastr`hg (nm e` prgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns ne Casi`e harabn e` amvnstab`iaùm prneaoam`r prnp`r`tgra` prnp`r`tgra` `mtns hn su nenv`iaùm ` duaiag) sunen rnqunrar hne Vnratg ne iàeiueg hn `eigkgenoa` rntrgspnitav` `e ogonmtg hne knikg. Nstg nvahnmtnon nvahnmtnonmtn mtn pgr um` iariumst`mia` qun sn h` igm ouik` crniunmia`4 ne aoput`hg ns hntnmahg v`ra`s kgr`s hnspuás hne knikg hneaitavg pgr eg qun e`s ounstr`s s`mbuïmn`s mg rncend`ràm ne tnmgr rn`e hn `eigkge `e ogonmtg hne knikg. Ya e` `eigkgenoa` supnr` ne v`egr hn 0 pgr oae, janm punhn saopeacai`rsn ne iàeiueg `peai`mhg e` niu`iaùm igrrnspgmhanmtn ` um` neaoam`iaùm hn grhnm ―6‟, ns hniar, eamn`e. Ya gjsnrv`ogs e` iurv` hn neaoam`iaùm pghnogs `peai`r ne igminptg bngoátraig hn e` t`mbnmtn hne àmbueg ϋ( i`tntg gpunstg / i`tntg `hy`inmtn) ns hniar4 It - Io ? tb ϋ ? κ t: - t 0 hnspnd`mhg4
It ? Io + κ ² t sanmhg It4 `eigkgenoa` nm ne ogonmtg hne knikg, Io4 `eigkgenoa` nm ne ogonmtg hn e` tgo` hn ounstr` y t4 tanopg tr`msiurrahg hnshn ne ogonmtg hne knikg `e hn e` tgo` hn ounstr` (t : - t 0).
Znspnitg hn e` i`mtah`h hn `eigkge ―@‟ nm ne grb`masog `e ogonmtg hne knikg4 @? It ² V ² r
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. sanmhg V4 pnsg hne amhavahug, r4 igmst`mtn qun rne`iagm` e` igminmtr`iaùm hn nt`mge nm ne iunrpg / igminmtr`iaùm nm s`mbrn. Yustatuynmhg nm e` niu`iaùm e` nxprnsaùm igrrnspgmhanmtn ` It, k`ee`h` oàs `rraj`4 @ ? (Io + κ ² t ) ² V ² r @ igmtamu`iaùm, onha`mtn um ndnopeg kapgtátaig, prginhnrnogs ` i`eiue`r e` `eigkgenoa `eigkgenoa` ` rntrgspnitav` y e` i`mtah`h hn `eigkge nm ne iunrpg, qun mgs pnroatarà amcnrar iu`mt` jnjah` `eigkùeai` hn um` br`hu`iaùm hntnroam`h` puhg k`jnr tnmahg ne aoput`hg nm ne ogonmtg hne knikg hneaitavg. Yupgmb`ogs qun sn tr`t` hn um i`sg hn Ensagmns br`vns. Ne aoput`hg ns hntnmahg y e` ounstr` s`mbuïmn` s`mbuïmn` nxtr`ïh` snas kgr`s h hnspuás nspuás hne knik knikg. g. Ne amcgron hn E`jgr`tg E`jgr`tgrag rag `rrgd` ne sabuanmtn v`egr4 0,: br hn `eigkge ntïeaig pgr 0666 oe hn s`mbrn. @peai`mhg e` cùroue` p`r` gjtnmnr e` `eigkgenoa` nm um tanopg t hn snas kgr`s4 It? Io + κ ² t Io4 nm br. / 0666 κ4 6,66:> nm br / oam. Lb t4 tanopg nm oamutgs. It? 0,:6 + 6,66:> ² 936 It? 0,:6 + 6,16 It? :,06 br pgr 0666 br hn s`mbrn Nstn v`egr hn :,06 br pgr 0666 snrà e` `eigkgenoa` tnùrai` nm ne ogonmtg hne knikg, sa `snbur`ogs qun nst`ogs nm e` nt`p` hn neaoam`iaùm, onha`mtn um` snbumh` nxtr`iiaùm s`mbuïmn` ` e` kgr` `prgxao`h`onmtn. Ya `kgr` `peai`ogs e` niu`iaùm p`r` @ (i`mtah`h hn `eigkge), s`janmhg s`janmhg qun ne aoput`hg pns` 26 Lb y pgsnn um` igmstatuiaùm igmstatuiaùm `teátai` (r ? 6.32 )4 @t ? :,06 ² 26 ² 6,32 @t ? 1;,81 br`ogs hn `eigkge ntïeaig `jsgeutg g 0:9 oe (p`s`mhg ` oe pgr e` hnmsah`h hn Nt`mge ? 6,; )
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nstn ôetaog h`tg ns amtnrns`mtn iu`mhg qunrnogs rncnrar e` i`mtah`h hn jnjah` qun supunst`onmtn k`jrï` ambnrahg. Ya sn tr`t`r` hn vamg (igmsahnr`mhg um` br`hu`iaùm p`r` vamgs hn 06 br`hgs) aopeai` qun hnjaù k`jnr ambnrahg 0,:96 oe, ns hniar i`sa um` jgtnee` y iu`rtg hn vamg igoôm. Hnjn rnigrh`rsn qun ne oghneg ns `prgxao`hg, `ebumgs `utgrns k`m nxprns`hg qun ne nrrgr igm qun sn tr`j`d` nm e` pràitai` ns hn +/-:6%. Mg gjst`mtn sa e` `eigkgenoa` ns supnragr ` 0.> br / 0666, ` egs ncnitgs hn e` amtnrprnt`iaùm, ne bu`rasog mg snrà igmtrgvnrtah igmtrgvnrtahg. g.
8.:.0.2 C`itgrns amvgeuir`hgs nm e` párhah` y bnmnr`iaùm hn Nt`mge nm tndahgs y 8.:.0.2 kuogrns kuo`mgs. Nm tgh`s e`s nstao`iagmns y iàeiuegs hn `eigkgenoa`, k`y qun igmsahnr`r e`s párhah`s hn nt`mge qun punhnm gpnr`rsn pgr e` amhnjah` prnsnrv`iaùm hn e` s`mbrn. Yn k` pghahg igoprgj`r, qun e`s o`ygrns párhah`s sn hnjnm ` e` nxastnmia` hn um` aopgrt`mtn iào`r` hn `arn nmtrn e` ounstr` igmtnmah` nm ne rniapanmtn y e` i`p`iah`h hn ástn. Ns hniar, o`trains knoàtai`s nsi`s`s nm rniapanmtns hn br`m vgeuonm, panrhnm nt`mge pgr nv`pgr`iaùm. Nm e` `itu`eah`h, um rnspnt`jen môonrg hn pujeai`iagmns amhai`m qun e`s párhah`s hn nt`mge igm ne tr`msiurrar hn hï`s, amieusg sno`m`s, mg sgm rnenv`mtns, sa e`s ounstr`s sgm igmvnmanmtnonmtn nxtr`ïh`s y igegi`h`s nm rniapanmtns `hniu`hgs y janm snee`hgs. Ne usg hn sust`mia`s igog prnsnrv`mtns (v.b4 ceugrurg hn sghag ) nm s`mbrn hn amhavahugs vavgs mg ondgr` ouikg egs rnsuet`hgs, oàs `ôm sa e` ounstr` cun tgo`h` igm dnramb` nstárae y o`mtnmah` ` j`d`s tnopnr`tur`s. Nm nst`s igmhaiagmns e`s s`mbrns hn pnrsgm`s vav`s punhnm `m`eaz`rsn `ôm hnspuás hn hgs sno`m`s sam v`ra`iagmns `prnia`jens rnspnitg hn e` `eigkgenoa` qun sn kujanr` gjtnmahg nm ne praonr hï`. Ramnl (0113 ), ncnituù nstuhags nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn nmtnr` y sunrg qun k`jï`m sahg o`mtnmah`s pgr v`ra`s sno`m`s ` tnopnr`tur`s j`d`s y `et`s, mgt`mhg qun e`s ounstr`s rnsbu`rh`h`ss ` tnopnr`tur` oàs `et`, ogstr`j`m párhah`s sabmacai`tav`s ` p`rtar hn trnamt` hï`s y rnsbu`rh`h` p`rtaiue`ronmtn nm e`s hn s`mbrn nmtnr`, mg gjsnrv`mhg párhah` igmsahnr`jen nm ounstr`s hn sunrg. Nm rne`iaùm ` e` prghuiiaùm hn `eigkge ntïeaig pgst-ogrtno, G‑Mn`e & Vgleas (0113) gjsnrv`m qun nxastnm um`s >; nspnians hn j`itnra`s qun sgm i`p`ins hn prghuiar `eigkge am vavg n am vatrg. Ya janm ns ianrtg qun e` prnsnrv`iaùm hn e`s ounstr`s ` tnopnr`tur`s amcnragrns ` egs 8´I y e` amigrpgr`iaùm hn Ceugrurg hn Yghag amkajnm e` prghuiiaùm hn nt`mge hn e` o`ygrï` hn e`s
8 I y e` amigrpgr`iaùm hn Ceugrurg hn Yghag amkajnm e` prghuiiaùm hn nt`mge hn e` o`ygrï` hn e`s
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. j`itnra`s mg suinhn `sï igm e` env`hur` I`mhah` `ejai`ms, qun k` hnogstr`hg snr um` aopgrt`mtn nspnian prghuitgr` hn `eigkge. Ouikgs prghuitgs vgeàtaens k`m sahg rnpgrt`hgs igog prghuiahgs pgr cnmùonmgs pgstogrt`ens (m-prgp`mge, jut`mge, cnmaent`mge, nti) pgr eg qun sn hnjnrà pgmnr nspnia`e `tnmiaùm nm ne nst`mh`r amtnrmg utaeaz`hg nm egs oátghgs hn v`egr`iaùm pgr irgo`tgbr`cï` b`snsgs`. Ynrï` hnsn`jen e` utaea utaeaz`iaùm z`iaùm hn t-ju t-jut`mge, t`mge, pg pgrr snr um ig igopunstg opunstg mg b bnmnr`hg nmnr`hg nm eg egss cnmùo cnmùonmgs nmgs pgstogrt`ens. @ebumgs `utgrns gpam`m qun mg hnjnrï` amcgro`rsn `eigkgenoa`s pgstogrtno amcnragrns ` 6,9 b/E igm ne gjdntg hn nvat`r igmi igmieusagmns eusagmns sudnt` sudnt`ss ` hasiusagmns igmtrgv igmtrgvnrtah`s nrtah`s sgjrn ne grabnm hne Nt`mge k`ee`hg. Vgr gtrg e`hg, e`hg, B`rragt (0113) igms igmsabm` abm` qun eegs gs prginsgs putrnc`itavgs qu qun n bnmnr`m Nt`mge eenv`m nmtrn 9 y 06 hï`s nm hns`rrgee`rsn. Iu`mhg egs v`egrns k`ee`hgs sgm supnragrns ` 6,> b/E y k`janmhg o`mtnmahg e`s ounstr`s nm igmhaiagmns `prgpa`h`s hn rnsbu`rhg, punhn tnmnrsn um` o`ygr inrtnz` qun ne `eigkge hntnit`hg prgvnmb` hn um` ambnst`. Kgy hï` sn nst` igmsahnr`mhg `e kuogr vïtrng, igog o`traz igopenonmt`ra` g janm supenonmt`ra`,, iu`mhg mg sn haspgmn hn s`mbrn g nst` pgsnn um `etg br`hg hn putrnc`iiaùm. supenonmt`ra` Vgr gtrg e`hg egs igmtrgens hn i`eah`h sgm `igmsnd`jens y um` cgro` hn v`eah`r egs rnsuet`hgs noatahgs. Nm ástn snmtahg, ne ndnriaiag hn amtnrigop`r`iaùm hn Nt`mge qun sn rn`eaz` `mu`eonmtn y pgr pnrïghgs pnrïghgs hn trns onsns nm ne Amstatutg M`iagm`e M`iagm`e hn Xgxaigegbï` hn Nsp`ð`, Nsp`ð`, k` rnsuet`hg ôtae p`r` nv`eu`r e` i`eah`h hn tr`j`dg nm egs inmtrgs qun p`rtaiap`m rnbue`ronmtn.
8.:.0.; Jago`ri`hgrns hn ambnst` `buh` y irùmai` hn `eigkge Nm iu`mtg ` egs munvgs `pgrtns hn e` igoumah`h ianmtïcai` amtnrm`iagm`e rne`iagm`hgs ` sust`mia`s prghuiah`s nm j`d` igminmtr`iaùm y qun pghrï`m snr utaeaz`h`s, nvnmtu`eon nvnmtu`eonmtn mtn igog jago`ri`hgrns hn ambnst` `buh` g irùmai`, Cnrr`ra E@ (Xnsas hn hgitgr`hg, :66>) ncnituù um` rnsnð` sgjrn `ebum`s pujeai`iagmns nm nstn snmtahg. K` sahg pgsajen vnracai`r qun um` pnqunð` cr`iiaùm hne nt`mge igmsuoahg (56.0%) sucrn rn`iiagmns hn igmdub`iaùm hn C`sn AA, onha`mtn ne àiahg beuiurùmaig `itav`hg, i`t`eaz`h`s pgr ^HV-beuiurgmaetr`mscnr`s` umah` ` e` onojr`m` oatgigmhra`e, p`r` prghuiar ntaebeuiurùmahg (NtB), k`ee`hgs nm mavnens saoae`rns `e `int`ehnkïhg nm gram` y s`mbrn hn p`ianmtns `eigkgeaz`hgss (Ykoatt nt `e, 0112< J`snet, :666< Cneho`m nt `e, :668). `eigkgeaz`hg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Ne NtB ns prghuiahg nm um 6.6:-6.63% `prgxao`h`onmtn hn e` hgsas ambnrah`. Nstn igopunstg ns nst`jen, sgeujen nm `bu`, puhanmhg snr hntnit`hg nm gram` k`st` trns hï`s pgstnragrns `e igmsuog hn jnjah` `eigkùeai`, igm e` aopgrt`mtn igmsniunmia` qun neeg `hquanrn nm ne àojatg durïhaig. Znigrhnogs qun ne `eigkge ntïeaig sgeg punhn snr hntnit`hg nm s`mbrn k`st` e`s 0:-03 kgr`s pgstnragr ` e` ôetao` eaj`iaùm. @saoasog ne NtB pghrï` snr utaeaz`hg, igog o`ri`hgr p`r` ogmatgrng hn `jstamnmia` nm p`ianmtns qun ncnitô`m prgbr`o`s hn rnk`jaeat`iaùm `eigkùeai`. Znspnitg hn su amvnstab`iaùm `m`eïtai`, e`s táimai`s pujeai`h`s k`st` e` cnik` mg igmsabm`m prntr`t`oanmtgs nxtr`itavgs nm gram`, nst`jeniaámhgsn nst`jeniaámhgsn um v`egr hn igrtn hn 6.0 ¾b/oe. ^m` pujeai`iaùm rnianmtn amcgroù sgjrn ne k`ee`zbg hn ntaesuec`tg (NtY), prgpunstg igog munvg jago`ri`hgr p`r` ambnst`s `buh`s hn nt`mge (Kne`mhnr y Jnil, :668). Yn hntnit` ne NtY `prgxao`h`onmtn p`s`h` um` kgr` hnshn e` ambnst`, gjtnmaámhgsn um oàxaog ` e`s 8 ks, pnro`mnianmhg hntnit`jen k`st` e`s :1 kgr`s. Znsuet` nmtgmins um junm o`ri`hgr nm i`sgs hgm hgmhn hn sn hn hnsn` sn` igmcaro` igmcaro`rr igmsuogs rnianmtns igog nm egs igmtrgens hn igmhuitgrns hn vnkïiuegs vnkïiuegs igm sg sgspnik` spnik` hn nmi nmigmtr`sn gmtr`sn j`dg eg egss ncnitgs hne `e `eigkge igkge y nm egs eub`rns hn tr`j`dg, p`r` `quneegs gpnr`rags qun igmhuinm vnkïiuegs g o`quam`ra`s g janm p`r` hntnroam`r sa ne `eigkge ntïeaig `m`eaz`hg nm nt`p` pgstogrtno prgvamg hn um` amigrpgr`iaùm `itav` g cun prghuiahg pgr oairggrb`mas oairggrb`masogs, ogs, pgstnragr ` e` tgo` hn ounstr`. V`r` aeustr`r nst`s ôetao`s igmsahnr`iagmns rnsuet` amtnrns`mtn igmsabm`r e` igmtrajuiaùm hn Yikoatt nt `e (0112) hgmhn sn nstuhaù ne i`sg hn um amhavahug qun igmhuiï` um vnkïiueg y sucraù um snvnrg `iiahnmtn prghuianmhg e` ounrtn hn umg hn egs giup`mtns. Xrns kgr`s y onha` pgstnragrns `e knikg sn en nxtr`dg s`mbrn y sn hntnroamù um` `eigkgenoa` hn 0.88 b/E, hnd`mhg nstn bu`rasog e` igmvaiiaùm hn qun ne igmhuitgr hne vnkïiueg pôjeaig sn k`ee`j` j`dg egs ncnitgs hne `eigkge igm e` igmsniunmtn mnbeabnmia` aoput`h`. Yam noj`rbg, ne `màeasas hn NtB `rrgdù rnsuet`hgs mnb`tavgs. Egs `utgrns iunstagm`rgm nmtgmins ne oghus gpnr`mha hn e` tgo` hn ounstr` pgmanmhg nm nmtrnhaikg e` pgsajaeah`h hn um` igmt`oam`iaùm igm um hnsamcnit`mtn igmtnmanmhg `eigkge ntïeaig, utaeaz`hg nm ne prginsg hn nxtr`iiaùm hn e` ounstr` knoàtai`. Vgstnragrns nstuhags nm e` oaso` pnrsgm` hnogstr`rgm qun ` igminmtr`iagmns hn nt`mge nm s`mbrn onmgrns `e v`egr amhai`hg, sn cgro`j` NtB nm su grb`masog. @saoasog puhg hnogstr`rsn qun ne rnsbu`rhg rnsbu`rhg hn e` ounstr` s`m s`mbuïmn` buïmn` hur`mtn um e` e`rbg rbg pnrïghg (oàs hn um `ðg) pnroatï` e` hntniiaùm hne NtB, hn eg qun sn hnhudg qun ne NtB nm sunrg, ns j`st`mtn nst`jen rnsbu`rh`hg ` tnopnr`tur`s hn igmbne`iaù igmbne`iaùm. m.
8.:.9 .9 Ont`mge.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
8.:.9.0 Amtrghuiiaùm. Ne ont`mge ns ne pramiap`e igopgmnmtn hne hnstae`hg hnstruitavg hn e` o`hnr`. Ns umg hn egs hasgevnmtns oàs umavnrs`ens y nmiunmtr` `peai`iaùm, t`mtg nm ne i`opg amhustra`e igog nm havnrsgs prghuitgs hn usg hgoástaig. Hnmtrg hn egs prghuitgs qun eg punhnm igmtnmnr sn nmiunmtr` ne hnmgoam`hg ―`eigkge hn quno`r‟ igmstatuahg pgr `eigkgens ontïeaig y ntïeaig, sgevnmtn nm j`rmains, tamtur` hn z`p`tgs, eaopa`vahrags, eïquahg `mtaigmbne`mtn, sgevnmtn p`r` e`i`s nti. @hnoàs, egs igojustajens igojustajens sùeahgs nmv` nmv`s`hgs s`hgs t`ojaám igmtanmnm igmtanmnm ont`mge. Nstn `eigkge sn utaeaz` t`ojaám p`r` hnsm`tur`eaz`r sgeuiagmns hn `eigkge ntïeaig, eg qun k` h`hg eub`r ` muonrgs`s amtgxai`iagmns hn i`ràitnr o`savg h`hg ne usg cr`uhuenmtg hn nst`s onzie`s nm jnjah`s `eigkùeai`s. E` cnronmt`iaùm hn dubgs `zui`r`hgs aopenonmt`h` p`r` e` gjtnmiaùm hn jnjah`s `eigkùeai`s, `hnoàs hn nt`mge, prghuin t`ojaám i`mtah`hns v`ra`jens hn ont`mge y gtrgs igopunstgs vgeàtaens. Ne igmtnmahg hn ont`mge nm vamg tamtg ns hn 89-0:: ob ont`mge/E, nm vamg je`mig 9;-00; ob/oE, nm jr`mhy 0>66 ob/E, nm wasly 0666 ob/E y nm rgm ;66 ob/E. E` amtgxai`iaùm pgr ont`mge giurrn nmtgmins crniunmtnonmtn pgr vï` habnstav` nm ne i`sg hn jnjah`s `eigkùeai`s `huetnr`h`s igm `eigkge hnsm`tur`eaz`hg g pgr vï` rnspar`tgra`, habnstav` g ` tr`vás hn e` pane amt`it` nm ne i`sg hn nxpgsaiaùm nm `ojanmtns e`jgr`ens, hnshn hgmhn sn punhnm grabam`r grabam`r amtgxai`iag amtgxai`iagmns mns br`vns y `ôm ogrt` ogrt`ens. ens. Ne g egs amhavahu amhavahugs gs punhnm sg sgjrnvavar jrnvavar hnd`mhg igog sniune` e` inbunr` arrnvnrsajen puns e` rntam`, ns ne satag hn o`macnst`iaùm hn e` tgxaiah`h hne ont`mge.
E` o`ygr p`rtn hn egs oátghgs us`hgs nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ont`mge sn j`s`m nm su gxah`iaùm ` cgro`ehnkïhg y e` pgstnragr hntnroam`iaùm hn ástn ôetaog.
8.:.9.: Ounstr`s. 8.:.9.: Nm bnmnr`e sn tr`j`d` igm s`mbrn hn p`ianmtns amtgxai`hgs igm ont`mge g janm igm s`mbrn i`h`várai` hn pnrsgm`s c`eeniah`s pgr amtgxai`iaùm ont`mùeai`. Ne oátghg sn punhn `peai`r t`ojaám t`mtg ` gtrgs ceuahgs jageùbaig jageùbaigss igog ` kgogbnm`tgs hn vïsinr`s. Y`mbrn4 mg sn hnjn us`r `eigkge igrmg `mtasáptaig, sn rnigoanmh` iegrurg onriôraig `e 6,>%. Y`mbrn4 ^s`r ceugrurg hn sghag 0% igog `mtaig`bue`mtn `mtaig`bue`mtn p`r` amkajar ne hns`rrgeeg oairgja`mg h`hg qun `e
^s`r ceugrurg hn sghag 0% igog `mtaig`bue`mtn `mtaig`bue`mtn p`r` amkajar ne hns`rrgeeg oairgja`mg h`hg qun `e
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. amkajar e` beaiùeasas sn nvat` e` cgro`iaùm hn sust`mia`s gxah`mtns qun pghrï`m `itu`r sgjrn ne ont`mge. X`opgig hnjn us`rsn NHX@ ma knp`ram`. Xr`msv`s`r ` um tujg peàstaig, eenm`r igopent`onmtn ne tujg y inrr`r. Igmsnrv`r nm kne`hnr` ( 8¶I). Gram`, Eïquahg Inc`egrr`quïhng4 Inc`egrr`quïhng4 rnigbnr sgjrn ceugrurg hn sghag 0%. Igmsnrv`r nm kne`hnr` ` 8¶I nm rniapanmtn saoae`r `e hn e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn.
Amvnstab`iaùm. E` o`ygr p`rtn hn egs oátghgs us`hgs nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ont`mge sn j`s`m nm su gxah`iaùm ` cgro`ehnkïhg y um` pgstnragr hntnroam`iaùm hn nstn ôetaog. V`r` nvat`r amtnrcnrnmia`s sn tr`j`d` igm hnstae`hgs hn e`s ounstr`s.
8.:.9.9 Ahnmtacai`iaùm hn ont`mge nm ceuahgs jageùbaigs. 8.:.9.9.0 Xáimai` hne àiahg irgogtrùpaig.
Ygjrn : oe hn hnstae`hg sn `brnb` bgt` ` bgt` pnro`mb`m`tg hn pgt`sag >% `iahacai`hg k`st` igegr rgs`hg (eabnrg nxinsg). @bat`r y nspnr`r hanz oamutgs. Hnigegr`r igm àiahg gxàeaig `e 06%. Nspnr`r umgs oamutgs. @brnb`r 6,: oe hn àiahg àiahg irgogtrùpaig ` `ee 6,>% nm sgeuiaùm sgeuiaùm `iugs`. Eunbg `brnb`r : oe hn àiahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg pgr e`s p`rnhns hne tujg. ^m `maeeg hn snp`r`iaùm pôrpur` amhai` prnsnmia` hn `eigkge `eigkge ontïeaig ontïeaig.. I`enmt`r ` 36¶I. Amtnrcnrnmia`s4 beainr`ehnkïhg, `r`jamgs`, cruitgs` y s`i`rgs` h`m um igegr `o`raeeg p`r` e` rn`iiaùm. Igminmtr`iagmns Igminmtr`iagmns igmsahnr`jens hn curcur`e h`m eub`r ` e` `p`raiaùm hn um igegr rgdazg.
Iu`mtacai`iaùm hn ont`mge. Xáimai` Zn`itavgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Ygeuiaùm p`trùm hn ont`mge4 6,;60 b/oe Vnro`mb`m`tg hn pgt`sag `e >%. Jasuecatg hn sghag sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` @iahg irgogtrùpaig irgogtrùpaig `e 6,>%. @iahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg igminmtr`hg
Nquapgs. Nspnitrgcgtùontrg vasajen Vrginhaoanmtg. E` sgeuiaùm p`trùm hn ont`mge, sn prnp`r` tgo`mhg 6,:> oe hn ont`mge (igminmtr`iaùm4 6,;60 b/oe) y eenv`mhg ` 066 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h`. Hn nstn oghg, sn gjtanmn um` sgeuiaùm hn :666 ι/oe. Eunbg, onha`mtn um` haeuiaùm 0/06 sn gjtanmn e` sgeuiaùm tapg rnqunrah` hn :66 ι/oe. @ p`rtar hn e` sgeuiaùm tapg hn ont`mge, sn prnp`r`m sgeuiagmns p`trùm hn ont`mge hn e`s sabuanmtns igminmtr`iagmns4 :66, 0>6, 066, >6 y :> ι/oe, nopenàmhgsn `ernhnhgr hn 06 oe hn i`h` um`. Yn haspgmhrà t`ojaám hn 06 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`, e` iu`e sn utaeaz`rà igog je`mig.
Ont`mge (:66 ι/oe)
@bu` hnstae`h` hnstae`h`
Haeuiaùm
Igminmtr`iaù Igminmtr`iaùm m cam`e
:,> oe
2,> oe
µ
>6 ι/oe
>,6 oe
>,6 oe
¿
066 ι/oe
2,> oe
:,> oe
½
0>6 ι/oe
Zn`iiaùm Igegraoátrai`4 Igegi`r 6,> oe hn hnstae`hg nm um tujg hn nms`yg. @brnb`r um` bgt` hn pnro`mb`m`tg hn pgt`sag `e >%. Hnd`r nm rnpgsg 06 oamutgs, `brnb`r um` bgt` hn sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn jasuecatg hn sghag p`r` hnigegr`r. Eunbg, `ð`har 6.0 oe hn àiahg irgogtrùpaig `e 6,>%. Igegi`r ne tujg nm um j`ðg hn kaneg y `brnb`r `bat`mhg : oe hn àiahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg. Igegi`r ne tujg nm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. j`ðg hn `bu` ` njueeaiaùm hur`mtn 0> oamutgs, nmcra`r y haeuar igm `bu` ` um vgeuonm hn > oe nopen`mhg ne j`ðg hn kaneg. Vrginhnr nm cgro` nquav`enmtn y saouetàmn` igm egs p`trgmns. Ennr nm ne nspnitrgcgtùontrg ` >;6 mo igmtr` ne je`mig. Nxprnsaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs4 nm ob/e hn s`mbrn ù nm ¾/oe hn s`mbrn.
8.:.9.9.: Oátghg hne 8.:.9.9.: hne rn`itavg rn`itavg hn Yikacc. Zn`itavgs.. Zn`itavgs
• Nt`mge 13 ¶ • Ygeuiaùm p`trùm hn ont`mge 4 6,;60 b/oe • Vnro`mb`m`tg hn pgt`sag `e >%. • @iahg Gxàeaig 06% • Zn`itavg hn Yikacc • @iahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg. @ 8 oe hn hnstae`h hnstae`hgs gs sn `brnb`m : oe hn nt`mge, : oe h hn n pnro`mb`m pnro`mb`m`tg `tg hn pgt`sag ` `ee >% y 6,> oe hn àiahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg. Hnd`r 06 oamutgs. @brnb`r eunbg : oe hn àiahg gxà gxàeaig eaig `e 06%, hn hnd`mhg d`mhg rnpgs` rnpgs`rr gtrgs > oamutgs. @brnb`r 8 oe hne hne rn`itavg hn Yik Yikacc acc y onzie`r. @e i`jg hn 0 kgr` onh onhar ar ` >06 mo. Yn rn`eaz` um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm igm sgeuiagmns hn igminmtr`iaùm igmgiah` hn ont`mge nm cgro` saoae`r ` eg hnsiratg `mtnragronmtn. Amtnrcnrnmia`s4 iunrpgs intùmaigs `rrgd`m rnsuet`hgs c`esgs pgsatavgs. Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn rnsuet`hgs4 rnsuet`hgs4 ^m` igminmtr`iaùm hn ;6 ob/066 oe (;66 b`o`s/oe) ns pneabrgs` p`r` e` vah`. Igmvnrsaùm hn umah`hns4 0br`og ? 063b `oo`s.
8.:.9.9.9 Iu`mtacai`iaùm hn ont`mge onha`mtn IB/ kn`h sp`in. 8.:.9.9.9 Ounstr`s4 s`mbrn, vïsinr`s, jnjah`s `eigkùeai`s Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e`s ounstr`s4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. @ p`rtar hn 0 oe hn s`mbrn, 0 b hn vïsinr`s g janm 0 oe hn e` jnjah` ` amvnstab`r, sn `haiagm` 0 oe hn sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn IG9L: y 0 oe hn `eigkge asgprgpïeaig `e 0‶, ástn ôetaog igog st`mh`rh amtnrmg. E`s ounstr`s sn igegi`m nm va`ens hn vahrag igm t`p`s hn bgo`, egs iu`ens sgm snee`hgs. Yn rn`eaz` um` praonr` amiuj`iaùm ` 96 ¶I hur`mtn 96 oam. y eunbg um snbumhg tr`t`oanmtg ` 36¶I pgr 8> oam. @ igmtamu`iaùm, sn prginhn ` e` amyniiaùm hn 6.8 ’ 6.3 oe hn e` iào`r` hn `arn nopen`mhg dnramb`s hnsi`rt`jens (Nhbn Mnnhen ’ VI>066).
Nquapg y igmhaiagmns gpnr`tav`s4 Irgo`tùbr`cg b`sngsg< b`sngsg< igeuom` hn hn `inrg (:o egmbatuh, 9oo haàon haàontrg trg amtnrmg), rneenmg 6.9% i`rjgw`x 0>66- br`pk`p`il 36/;6, rábaonm asgtároaig ` 066¶I, hntnitgr hn agmaz`iaùm hn ee`o` igmnit`hg ` um amtnbr`hgr. E` tnopnr`tur` hn amynitgr y hne hntnitgr ns hn 0>6 ¶I, ne b`s i`rranr M: ` ceudg igmst`mtn (86oe / oam) sanmhg e` prnsaùm hn `arn y hn K : nm ne hntnitgr hn > psa. Ne nquapg hnjn snr i`eajr`hg onha`mtn e` gjtnmiaùm hn um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm ` p`rtar hn sgeuiagmns st`mh`rh st`mh`rh hn ont`mg ont`mgee nm ne r`mbg 6 ’ 8 b‶.
Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e`s ounstr`s4 Yu amvnstab`iaùm sn rn`eaz` prnva` tr`mscgro`iaùm nm cgroa`tg hn ontaeg hn `iunrhg ` @jgeam y ige. (01;6). Nm nstn i`sg, >66 ¾e hn s`mbrn ù 6.> b hn tndahg sn igegi`m nm um tujg igm :>6 ¾e hn K:YG8 (i). Haikg tujg ns snee`hg igm um caeo, `bat`hg, amiuj`hg hur`mtn :6 oamutgs y nmcra`hg ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn nvat`mhg ne igmt`itg hne àiahg igm ne caeo. Eunbg sn `brnb`m 0> ¾e hn `intgmatraeg igog st`mh`rh amtnrmg y 0> ¾e hn ont`mge. Eunbg hn su onzie`, e` prnp`r`iaùm ns amiuj`h` igm `bat`iaùm hur`mtn :6 oamutgs ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. Cam`eonmtn, Cam`eonmtn, 6.8 ’ 6.3 oe hn e` rnspnitav` iào`r` hn `arn sgm amynit`hgs nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg b`sngsg.
Nquapg y igmhaiagmns gpnr`tav`s4 Yn rnquanrn um nquap`oan nquap`oanmtg mtg saoae`r `e hnsiraptg p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm irgo`tgbràcai` hn ont`mge, nxinptg nxinptg Igeuom` Igeuom`x o onb`jgrn nb`jgrn HJ ’ R@[, 96 o egmbatuh, 6.>9 oo ha haàontrg àontrg amtnrmg< tnopnr`tur` amaia`e 9>¶I, 0 oam. Br`hanmtn 06¶I/ oam k`st` 066¶I.
8.:.9.9.8 Hntnroam`iaùm hn àiahg cùroaig.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e`s ounstr`s. ounstr`s. Yu amvnstab`iaùm sn rn`eaz` prnva` tr`mscgro`iaùm nm cgroa`tg hn ontaeg hn `iunrhg ` @jgeam y ige. (01;6) oghacai oghacai`hg. `hg. Nm nstn i`sg, >66 ¾e hn s`mbrn ù 6,> b hn tndah tndahg g sn igegi`m nm um tujg igm :>6 ¾e hn K:YG8 (i). Haikg tujg ns snee`hg igm um caeo, `bat`hg, amiuj`hg hur`mtn :6 oamutgs y nmcra`hg ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn nvat`mhg ne igmt`itg hne àiahg igm ne caeo. Eunbg sn `brnb`m 0> ¾e hn `intgmatraeg igog st`mh`rh amtnrmg y 0> ¾e hn ont`mge. Eunbg hn su onzie`, e` prnp`r`iaùm ns amiuj`h` igm `bat`iaùm hur`mtn :6 oamutgs ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. Cam`eonmtn, Cam`eonmtn, 6,8 ’ 6,3 oe hn e` rnspnitav` iào`r` hn `arn sgm amynit`hgs nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg b`sngsg. Nquapg y igmhaiagmns gpnr`tav`s. Yn rnquanrn um nquap`oanm nquap`oanmtg tg saoae`r `e hnsiraptg p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm irgo`tgbràcai` hn ont`mge, nxinptg nxinptg Igeuom` Igeuom`x onb`jgrn HJ ’ R@[, D y R 96 o egm egmbatuh, batuh, 6.>9 o oo o haàontrg amtnrmg< tnopnr`tur` amaia`e 9>¶I, 0 oam. br`hanmtn 06¶I/ oam k`st` 066¶I. Nst`s igmhaiagmns pnroatnm ondgr rnsgeuiaùm hn e` snð`e nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg b`sngsg rnspni rnspnitg tg hn e`s gjtnmah`s nm ne tr`j`dg hn @jgeam y ige (01;6).
8.:.8 .8 Beaigens. Hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` quïoaig sgm hagens, sanmhg ne oàs igmgiahg ne ntaenmbeaige g 0-: nt`mghage. Vrnsnmt` um pnsg ogeniue`r hn 3:,62< pumtg hn njueeaiaùm4 012,8 ¶I y hnmsah`h40,00 b/E. Yn prnp`r` pgr kahrùeasas hne ùxahg hn ntaenmg igm àiahg suecôraig haeuahg nm `bu` ` :66 ¶I. Yn eg snp`r` pgr hnstae`iaùm sanmhg egs sujprghuitgs hantaenmbeaige y trantaenmbeaige hn amtnrás hnjahg ` su tgxaiah`h. Nstn tapg hn sust`mia` ns ns igoômonmtn utaeaz` utaeaz`h` h` igog sgevnmtn ` mav mavne ne amhustra`e igog eïquahg `mtaigmbne`mtn p`r` r`ha`hgrns, igog eïquahg rncrabnr`mtn p`r` ogtgrns hn `vagmns nm `hknsavgs y nm e` sïmtnsas hn cajr`s pgeanstnr. Yn pgeaonraz` nm `bu` h`mhg pgeabeaigen pgeabeaigenss utaeaz`hgs igog hasgevnmtns nm j`rmains y onhai`onmtgs. Vgr gtr` p`rtn, ne hantaenmbeaige (HNB) ns um `hatavg aeïiatg nm vamgs hueins. Yn k`m rnbastr`hg ouy pgigs i`sgs hn amtgxai`iaùm igm ntagegbï` suaiah` g `iiahnmt`e ` mavne hgoástaig hgoástaig ` mavne oumha`e, s`e s`evg vg npasghag npasghagss ` mavne o`savg nm NN NN^^ ^^ y Mabnra`
y
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. rnianmtnonmtn nm @rbnmtam` nm 011:, pgr igmsuog hn d`r`jn hn prgpùeng, um` npahnoa` qun `cnitù `ernhnhgr hn >6 pnrsgm`s igm :1 i`sgs c`t`ens i`r`itnraz`h` pgr e` c`ee` ` mavne rnm`e igm geabura` snbuah` snbuah` hn `mu `mura` ra` :8 ’ 8; ks. oàs t`rhn. Gtrgs sïmtgo`s rnb rnbastr`hgs astr`hgs igm igmsastï`m sastï`m nm màusn`s, vùoatgs, inc`en`s igm h`ðg ` mavne knpàtaig igm `etgs mavnens nm sus nmzao`s (BVX, BGX, b`oo`-BX y EHK) y `iahgsas ont`jùeai`.
8.:.8.0 Amvnstab`iaùm hn Hantaenmbeaige (HNB). Ounstr`s4 s`mbrn, vïsinr`s, d`r`jns Nms`yg nm d`r`jns. (Ytgaiknvaik Y, 011:)
Ounstr`s hn d`r`jn sgm haeuah`s igm ont`mge (0406) y `m`eaz`h`s onha`mtn irgo`tgbr`cï` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` y hntnitgr hn agmaz`iaùm hn ee`o` (IB-CAH). Igeuom` HJ ’R`x (6.>9 oo haàontrg amtnrmg, 96 o hn egmbatuh, 0.>¾). Amynitgr y hntnitgr CAH ` :>6 ¶I. Xnopnr`tur` amaia`e4 0:6¶I, 0 oam. Br`hanmtn 0>¶I/ oam< tnopnr`tur` cam`e :66¶I, b`s i`rranr M: (0: io 9/ oam). E` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn egs igopunstgs sn rn`eaz` onha`mtn e` hntnroam`iaùm y igop`r`iaùm hn egs tanopgs hn rntnmiaùm hn egs igmstatuynmtns hn e` ounstr` igm rnspnitg ` hrgb`s nstàmh`r pgr ndnopeg prgpaenmbeaige prgpaenmbeaige (VB), hantaenmbea hantaenmbeaige ige (HNB) y ntaenmbeaig ntaenmbeaigee (NB) u gtrgs beaigens. Nms`yg nm s`mbrn y vïsinr`s. (Ytgaiknvaik hn Yuðge, O y R`oj` T, 011:) V`r` nstn tapg hn ounstr`s punhnm eenv`rsn ` i`jg hastamtgs prginhaoanmtgs p`r` egbr`r su `ase`oanmtg. 0) Kgogbnm`tgs hn tnd tndahg ahg g s`mbrn sgm tr`t`hg tr`t`hgss igm àiahg pnrieùraig pnrieùraig 0.: O. Ne sgjrnm`h`m sgjrnm`h`mtn tn gjtnmahg eunbg hn su pgstnragr inmtracub`iaùm ns mnutr`eaz`hg igm i`rjgm`tg hn sghag. :) Kgogbnm`tgs hn tndah tndahg g sgm tr`t`hgs igm `bu` hnstae`h`, inmtracub`hgs inmtracub`hgs y pgstnragronmtn sgontahgs ` nxtr`iiaùm igm ont`mge. Ynbuah`onmtn, sn nv`pgr`m y rnsuspnmhnm igm ont`mge.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. 9) Kgogbnm`tgs h hn n tndahg sgm tr`t`hg tr`t`hgss igm suec`tg hn sghag `mkahrg hur`m hur`mtn tn :8 ks. ` 86¶I. Ounstr`s hn kïb`hg y raðùm (≎ 06 b) prgins`h`s amhavahu`eonmtn nm nst`hg hn pgevg sgm igegi`h`s nm i`rtuikgs hn nxtr`iiaùm ` cam hn ncnitu`r um` nxtr`iiaùm tapg Ygxkent igm ont`mge hur`mtn 0: ks. ^m` `eïiugt` sn igminmtr` ` j`d` tnopnr`tur` nm um nv`pgr`hgr ` prnsaùm rnhuiah`. Gtr` `eïiugt` sn `eo`inm` ` 8 ¶I. E` s`mbrn tr`t`h` igm o ont`mge nt`mge (0406) ns kgogbnmnaz`h` y inmtracu inmtracub`h`. b`h`. Ne sgjrnm`h`mtn ie`rg ns `igmhaiagm`hg `brnbàmhgen NB y pgstnragronmtn nopen`hg igog st`mh`rh amtnrmg. pgstnragronmtn
Igmhaiagmns gpnr`tav`s p`r` nxtr`itgs hn vïsinr`s. Irgo`tùbr`cg b`sngsg, sneniiagm`hg um` tnopnr`tur` amaia`e hn 006¶I hur`mtn : oamutgs< br`hanmtn hn ;¶I/ oam k`ia` um` tnopnr`tur` cam cam`e `e hn :06¶I.
Jajeagbr`cï`. Buahn tg Giiup`tagm`e Nxpgssurns S`euns-0113 @IBAK, Iamiamm`ta, GK. 0113. I`rjgxaknogbegjamn `mh gxaknogbegjamn am Knogbegjamn4 ogeniue`r, bnmntai `mh ieamai`e `spnits. Jumm, K. C. @mh Cgrbnt J. B., R. J. Y`umhnrs, Vkae`hnepka`. pp 339-32>. 01;3. B`sns Am Xgxaigegby, Nynr V. Nh. O`rqu`rht, Yikècnr, OiIenee`m `mh Rnesik. @i`hnoai Vrnss. 0111. Asge`tagm `mh ahnmtacai`tagm ahnmtacai`tagm gc Hrubs. Ie`riln¸s Ogcc` Ogcc`t.t. Nhat. @i`hoai Vrnss (01;3). Amtgxai`iaùm Amtgxai`ia ùm gxai`rjgm`h`. Nstuhag jagquïoaig y ontghgegbï` `m`eïtai`. Bu`tneea, O`mune. N^HNJ@ .0120. Buï` hn Xr`j`dgs Vràitaigs hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e ^mavnrsah`h hn Junmgs @arns. C`iuet`h hn C`ro`ia` y Jagquïoai`, :666 @m`eytai`e Ontkghs Ontkghs am tgxaigegby. tgxaigegby. Yt`kr K. O. Dgkm Raen Raenyy & Ygm`s, Ami .0110 .0110..
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Hntnitagm gc so`ee `ogumts gc iy`mahn. J`rl, E. Y. `mh Kabsgm K. B. @m`eyst ;;4 2>0. 0139. Xgxaiaty gc carn sogln. @e`ran Q. Irat. Znv. Xgxaige. 9: (8) :>1-:;1, :66: Hntnitagm gc iy`mahn iy`mahn am cgrnmsa cgrnmsaii s`opens. Bntten Bnttenr, r, @. G `mh Bgej`uo E E.. @m`e. Ikno. 0 014:26. 14:26. 0182. C`itgrns cïsaigs, quïoaigs y jageùbaigs qun amiahnm nm e` nst`jaeah`h y hastrajuiaùm pgst ogrtno hn hrgb`s hn rnenv`mia` tgxaigeùbai`. Cnrr`ra E.@. Xnsas hn hgitgr`hg. C`iuet`h hn Ianmia`s Nx`it`s, ^mavnrsah`h M`iagm`e hn E` Ve`t`, :66> @iahg ia`mkahraig y ia`murgs `ei`eamgs. @m`eïtai` Xgxaigeùbai`. Bu`tneea O. C`iuet`h hn C`ro`ia` y Jagquïoai`, 011: Xgxaigegby, tkn j`sai sianmin gc pgasgms. I`s`rntt `mh Hguee¸s. Le``ssnm (nhs.), Vnrb`ogm Vrnss, Yaxtk nhatagm, i`p :8 y 90. :660. Ieamai`e Xgxaigegby. Zuo`il L. E. `mh Envndgy, C. K. Am O.G. @ohur, D. Hguee `mh I.H. @m`eytai`e ontkghs ontkghs am tgxaigegby. tgxaigegby. Ytk`r K. O. 0116. Onhaiam` Enb`e y Xgxaigegbï`. Basjnrt I`e`juab, D.@. 8t`. Nhaiaùm. Nhaiagmns Ianmtïcai`s y Xáimai`s Y.@ ’ O`ssgmO`ssgm- Y`ev`t, J`rineg J`rinegm` m` (Nsp`ð`). 0110 0110.. Am ―Oairghaccusagm @m`eysas @m`eysas `s @ppeanh tg Xgxaigegb Xgxaigegby‟, y‟, Oaetgm Cnehstnam. pp. 380 Ytnw`rh ’Ytgeo`m. Xgxaigegby Sge.AA, 0132 Jag`itav`tagm gc Iy`mahn tg Iy`m`tn am Yuecur @oamg Hncaianmiy4 Znenv`min tg Mnurgegbai`e Hasn`sn am Kuo`ms Yujsastamb gm I`ss`v`. Xgr-@bjahyn Dgkm nt `e, Xgxaigegbai`e Yianmins >6, ::;-:9>, 0111. Iy`mahn `mh Xkagiy`m`tn Envnes am Jeggh `mh Y`eav` gc Kn`etky @huet Sgeumtnnrs, Lguaikarg Xsubn, Oanlg L`t`gl`, `mh Q`sug Yntg, Dgurm`e gc Kn`etk Yianmin, 83(>) 989’9>6,:66 989’9>6,:666. 6. Z`pah Hntnroam`tagm gc Iy`mahns am Jagegbai`e O`tnra`e jy KY-BI/OY, @m`eysnmontkghn `us hno @rjnatslrnas Leamasikn Xgxalgegban, B. @ssnejgrm `mh Z. Rnmmab.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Kyhrgbnm iy`mahn4 ontkgh 3606, Assun :, MAGYK O`mu`e gc @m`eytai`e Ontkghs (MO@O), Cgurtk Nhatagm, 0118. Kyhrgbnm iy`mahn `mh i`rjgm ogmgxahn am jeggh gc igmvaitnh hn`h am ` pgeyurntk`mn igojustagm4 ` prgpgsatagm cgr tkn h`t` `m`eysas, Cnrr`ra E@., @r`hg O.B, Ba`mmuzza E., O`str`mtgmag B. y Bu`tneea O. Cgrnmsai Yia. Amt. 0:0, 086-089, :660. Ontkghgegbai igmsahnr`tagms am tkn amtnrprnt`tagm gc pgstogrtno i`rjgxyknogbegjam igminmtr`tagm, Envamn Envamn J., H¸Maiuge` D., Lumso`m B., Yoatk O., Yt`ke. Xgxaigegby 00>, 00>, 0:1-098, 0113. Vujeai Kn`etk Bg`e cgr IQ@MAHN am Hramlamb R`tnr, prnp`rnh jy Vnstaiahn `mh Nmvargmonmt`e Xgxaigegby Ynitagm Gccain gc Nmvargmonmt` Nmvargmonmt`ee Kn`etk K`z`rh @ssnssonmt I`eacgrma` Nmvargmonmt`e Vrgtnitagm @bnmiy, Hninojnr 0112. Ynoa-Pu`mtat`tavn ―Ypgt-tnst‟ gc Iy`mahn. C`vnrg D., Xujamg O., @m`eytai`e Yianmins vge. 01, @ubust :669. Xgxaigegbai`ee prgcaen cgr iy`mahn, prnp`rnh jy4 rnsn`rik tra`mben amstatutn Xgxaigegbai` umhnr igmtr`it mg. :6>-19-6363 prnp`rnh cgr4 u.s. hnp`rtonmt gc kn`etk `mh kuo`m snrvains, pujeai kn`etk snrvain `bnmiy cgr tgxai sujst`mins `mh hasn`sn rnbastry, snptnojnr 011;. B`s Ikrgo`tgbr`pkai Kn`h ’sp`in `ss`y gc cgroai `iah `mh ontkye cgro`tn am jagegbai ceuahs4 Vgtnmta`e `ppeai`tagm tg ontk`mge pgasgmamb. @jgeam, I.< Oi Z`n, D.@.< Xgznr X.O., X`lla, Y Jagikno. Onh. :9, :61 - :0; 01;6. Cgroai `iah hastrajutagm am `iiutn ont`mge amtgxai`tagm. Cnrr`ra E. @., @r`hg O. B., M`rhg I. y Ba`mmuzza E. Cgrnmsai.Yia. Amt. 099 (9) 0>:-0>;. :669 S`eahaty gc ig-gxaontrai hntnroam`tagm gc i`rjgxyk`nogbegjam am putrncyamb jeggh `mh jghy i`vaty ceuah. Enn, I.R, Qao, E.L, Ik`m, H.X `mh X`o D. Cgrnmsai Yia. Amt. 09:, 0>9-0>3, :669 O`mu`e gc Ig gxaontnr Yystno 3;: AE. Amstruont`tagm E`jgr`tgry, :669.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg > @jusg hn Yust`mia`s Sgeàtaens.
@utgr4 Jagq. Irasta`m Geavnr. Vnratg hn e` Yniiaùm hn Xgxaigegbï` hne E`jgr`tgrag Puïoaig Vnraia`e hn e` Harniiaùm Bnmnr`e hn Vgeaiï` Iamntïcai` hn e` Vgeaiï` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. Hginmtn hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV.
Amtrghuiiaùm.. Amtrghuiiaùm Ne `jusg hn sust`mia`s vgeàtaens rnsuet` um` pràitai` hn igmsuog t`m `mtabu` igog e` iavaeaz`iaùm, igm `mtninhnmtns igog ne igmsuog hn t`j`ig y `eigkge ntïeaig, `sï igog hn sust`mia`s `euiamùbnm`s `euiamùbnm`s amk`e`h` amk`e`h`s. s. Nst` ie`sn hn `haiiaùm sn gjsnrv` pramiap`eon pramiap`eonmtn mtn nm maðgs y `hgensinmtns, sanmhg r`r` nmtrn `huetgs. Ne `jusg hn hn sust`mia`s vgeàtaens igmsa igmsastn stn nm e` aamk`e`iaùm mk`e`iaùm hn prghuitgs g grbàmaigs rbàmaigs vgeàtaens igm camns hn `etnr`r ne nst`hg hn igmianmia`, egs iu`ens `e k`ee`rsn prnsnmtns nm br`m môonrg hn prghuitgs hgoástaigs rnsuet`m hn càiae `iinsg. Egs vgeàtaens punhnm igmstatuar ne praonr p`sg k`ia` gtr`s cgro`s hn `haiiaùm igog ne `eigkgeasog y e`s hrgb`s hn `jusg. Egs
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. usu`rags hn nst`s sust`mia`s usu`eonmtn hnsigmginm sus pneabrgs y mg e`s igmsahnr`m sust`mia`s pneabrgs`s, `ôm iu`mhg ne ransbg hn ounrtn pgr hnprnsaùm rnspar`tgra` ns br`mhn. Nm e` sgianh`h amhunstra`e, um` br`m i`mtah`h hn prghuitgs igmtanmnm sgevnmtns grbàmaigs hn `ebum` ie`sn y punhnm snr k`ee`hgs càiaeonmtn nm ne kgb`r g nm igonriags, ouikgs hn neegs igm pgig g mue` rnstraiiaùm p`r` su vnmt`. Nmtrn nstgs prghuitgs pghnogs nmigmtr`r igsoátaigs, eaopa`hgrns, pamtur`s, `hknsavgs, rnogvnhgrns hn pamtur` y igojustajens, sùeg pgr iat`r egs o`s >.0). igoumns (X`je` (X`je` >.0). E` `hoamastr`iaùm hn nst`s sust`mia`s igm camns hn prgvgi`r amtgxai`iaùm prghuinm ncnitgs saoae`rns sgjrn ne sastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e ` egs hnprnsgrns ieàsaigs igog ne nt`mge y egs j`rjatur`tgs. Ne `jusg hn nst`s sust`mia`s punhnm prghuiar hnpnmhnmia` hnpnmhnmia` y ncnitgs pnro`mnmtns ` e`rbg pe`zg. Ne usg hn nst` ie`sn hn sust`mia`s grabam`eonmtn sn nmigmtr`j` rnstrambah` `e usg hn b`sns igog ne ùxahg matrgsg, oanmtr`s qun ne ―beun smaccamb‟ ’ amk`e`r pnb`onmtg nm ahago` ambeás ’ k` sahg rnpgrt`hg pràitai`onmtn nm i`h` rnbaùm hne oumhg. E` haspgmajaeah haspgmajaeah`h `h hn nst`s sust`mia`s nm prghuitgs hn j`dg igstg y càiae `hquasaiaùm k`in qun nst` p`rtaiue`r cgro` hn tgxaigo`mï` sn` hacaiae hn igmtrge`r y rnsuet` nspnia`eonmtn `tr`itav` p`r` egs `hgensinmtns qun mg mninsat`m nxpgmnrsn ` e`s igmsniunmia`s hn e` igopr` aenb`e hn tùxaigs. Ne usg igm camns rnirn`iagm`ens h`t` `prgxao`h`onmtn hn 0.;66 nm ne i`sg hne átnr y ne iegrgcgrog. Nm ne sabeg vnamtn sn k` amcgro`hg hne usg igm nstn cam hn m`ct`s y igopunstgs iegr`hgs. Nm e` `itu`eah`h sn utaeaz`m egs sgevnmtns prnsnmtns nm egs `hknsavgs, nspnia`eonmtn ne tgeunmg, nm egs eïquahgs igrrnitgrns (usu`eonmtn 0,0,0, traiegrgntaenmg) y prghuitgs p`r` `cegd`r pamtur`s (tkammnrs), egs kahrgi`rjurgs prnsnmtns nm egs nminmhnhgrns y k`st` egs prgpnenmtns hn egs `nrgsgens hnsghgr`mtns. Nm egs p`ïsns nm hns`rrgeeg rnsuet` ouy igoôm ne usg hn e`s m`ct`s pgr su càiae `hquasaiaù `hquasaiaùm m y j`dg igstg. @ hacnrnmia` hne `màeasas ttgxaigeùbaig gxaigeùbaig hn hrgb`s hn `jusg g prghuitgs c`ro`inôtaigs, ne `màeasas quïoaig rnsuet` rnenv`mtn sùeg nm ne igmtnxtg hn um nmvnmnm`oanmtg suaiah` g nm i`sgs hn vagenmia` snxu`e. Ne e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï` punhn snr igmsuet`hg nm e`s sabuanmtns satu`iagmns4 `) ha`bmùstaig hn amtgxai`iaùm `buh`, j) igmcaro`iaùm hn e` `haiiaùm hn um p`ianmtn qun manb` su usg, i) amvnstab`iaùm hn e` i`us`e hn ounrtn iu`mhg sn sgspnik` qun e`s sust`mia`s vgeàtaens
punh`m nst`r amvgeuir`h`s, h) amvnstab`iaùm hn igmhuit`s pneabrgs`s oanmtr`s sn o`mnd`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. o`quam`ra` pneabrgs` j`dg e` amceunmia` hn hrgb`s y gtrgs `bnmtns, n) amvnstab`iaùm hn `s`etg snxu`e iu`mhg ` e` vïitao` sn en puhg k`jnr `hoamastr`hg `ebumg hn nstgs igopunstgs y c) tgxaigegbï` e`jgr`e.
@eacàtaigs
@intaenmg Jut`mg Knx`mgs
Kahrgi`rjurgs
Asgjut`mg Vrgp`mg
@rgoàtaigs
Xgeunmg [aenmg
Onzie`s
Ntnrns hn pntrùeng, m`ct`s.
Jrgogiegrghaceugrgont`mg Xntr`iegrurg hn i`rjgmg Iegrghaceugrgont`mg Iegrgcgrog Haiegrghaceugrgont`mg
K`egbnm`hgs
Haiegrgont`mg 0,:-Haiegrgprgp`mg Iegrurg hn ntaeg Ceugrgtraiegrgont`mg K`egt`mg (:-jrgog-:-ie (:-jrgog-:-iegrg-0,0,0grg-0,0,0traceugrgnt`mg) Xntr`iegrgntaenmg 0,0,0-Xraiegrgnt`mg 0,0,:-Xraiegrgtraceugrgnt`mg Xraiegrgntaenmg
Jut`mgm`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@eacàtaigs
@intaenmg Jut`mg
Kahrgi`rjurgs
Knx`mgs Asgjut`mg Vrgp`mg m-jutae matratgs Nmceur`mg, ICI @int`tg hnntaeg
Igopunstgs Gxabnm`hgs
Ntnr ntïeaig Haontae ntnr Asgceur`mg, ICI Matratg hn asgpnmtaeg ―matratg hn `oaeg‟ @int`tg hn ontaeg ontaeg Ontae asgjutae intgm` Ontae t.-jutae ntnr Gxahg matrgsg matrgsg ― b`s kae`r`mtn‟ Ynvgceur`mg,, CI Ynvgceur`mg
X`je` >.0. Yujst`mia`s utaeaz`h`s p`r` su amk`e`iaùm.
>.0 Hastamt`s Cgro`s hn @jusg hn Yust`mia`s Sgeàtaens. Ne `jusg hn sust`mia`s vgeàtaens amvgeuir` e` `spar`iaùm prgcumh` hn v`pgrns ` tr`vás hn e` m`raz g e` jgi`, usu`eonmtn utaeaz`mhg jges`s peàstai`s g hn p`pne igmtnmanmhg ne prghuitg hasnoam`hg sgjrn su supnrcaian amtnrm`. Ns vartu`eonmtn aopgsajen hgs`r e` nxpgsaiaùm pgr iu`mtg nst` punhn snr igmtamu` k`st` gjtnmnr egs ncnitgs c`ro`igeùbaigs hnsn`h hnsn`hgs gs g janm um` suinsaùm hn amspar`iagmns p`r` o`mtnmnr nsn nst`hg. Nm bnmnr`e, e` cgro` cïsai` nm qun sn prnsnmt` um prghuitg hntnroam` iùog ns utaeaz`hg. Egs `hknsavgs hn igmt`itg sn utaeaz`m igegiàmhgegs nm rniapanmtns inrr`hgs igog jges`s hn p`pne g peàstai`s, tujgs hn i`rtùm y nmv`sns tapg tntr`jral. Xghgs nstgs nmv`sns tanmnm igog
i`r`itnrïstai` nm igoôm um` junm` supnrcaian amtnrm` sgjrn e` iu`e haspnrs`r ne prghuitg y um
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. nxtrnog `janrtg hn pnqunðg t`o`ðg qun rnsuet` `ptg p`r` igegi`reg sgjrn e` jgi`. Iu`mhg nst` pràitai` sn eenv` ` i`jg nm ne kgb`r, mg rnsuet` r`rg qun ne rniapanmtn sn i`eanmtn p`r` `uonmt`r e` prghuiiaùm hn v`pgrns, igm ne igmsabuanmtn ransbg hn quno`hur`s quno`hur`s n aminmhags. Egs v`pgrns hn e` m`ct` y gtrgs sgevnmtns sgm eg sucaianmtnonmtn vgeàtaens p`r` snr amk`e`hgs harnit`onmtn hn sus nmv`sns g hnspuás hn igegi`reg sgjrn tr`pgs g p`ðunegs y hn nstgs sgjrn e` jgi` y m`raz hne `haitg. Egs `nrgsgens g nxtambuahgrns hn aminmhags j`s`hgs nm k`egmns punhnm amk`e`rsn harnit`onmtn g hnspuás hn k`jnrsn rgia`hg sgjrn jges`s peàstai`s g hnj`dg hn e`s sàj`m`s. Egs `nrgsgens igmtanmnm um b`s aopuesgr eaiu`hg, ne iu`e ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn prghuin ` p`rtar hn um vgeuonm hn eïquahg prgpnenmtn hn :66 ` 966 vgeôonmns hn v`pgr. ^su`eonmtn sn prncanrnm egs prghuitgs igm um` `et` prgpgriaùm hn prgpnenmtn igog egs hnsghgr`mtns hnsghgr`mt ns y egs spr`ys `m`ebásaigs. Ya `ebôm igopgmnmtn mg ns rnspar`jen t`e igog ne iegrkahr`tg hn `euoamag nm `ebumgs hnsghgr`mtns ne prghuitg sn jurjudn` nm `bu` y sn rnspar`m egs v`pgrns rnsuet`mtns g janm sn caetr` ` tr`vás hn um p`ðuneg `pgy`hg sgjrn e` jgi`. Ne b`s hn e` rnh hgoástai`, ne iu`e nstà cgro`hg pramiap`eonmtn pgr ont`mg, mg sunen utaeaz`rsn hnjahg ` qun nstn mg pgsnn egs rnsuet`hgs c`ro`igeùbaigs. Yï nm i`ojag rnsuet`m ouy `tr`itavgs p`r` egs `haitgs ne usg hn nminmhnhgrns hn iab`rraeegs (igmtanmnm jut`mg, asgjut`mg y prgp`mg). Egs nminmhnhgrns punhnm utaeaz`rsn sudntàmhgegs igm egs hanmtns y `prnt`mhg e` vàevue` p`r` eajnr`r ne b`s. ^m` i`r`itnrïstai` igoôm ` nstn brupg hn sust`mia`s ns qun egs ncnitgs igoanmz`m ràpahg y hns`p`rninm hn e` oaso` cgro`, hn nst` cgro` um maðg punhn amtgxai`rsn hnspuás hn ie`sn y eenb`r ` su i`s` pnrcnit`onmtn sgjrag.
>.: I`r`itnrïstai`s Ieïmai`s hne @jusg hn Yust`mia`s Sgeàtaens. Nm bnmnr`e, egs ncnitgs hnprnsgrns sgjrn ne YMI y ne igr`zùm sgm saoae`rns, nst`mhg rne`iagm`h`s oàs igm e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s cïsai`s hn nst`s sujst`mia`s qun igm su nstruitur` quïoai`. Vunhn nxastar h`ðg mnurgeù mnurgeùbaig baig y knp`tg-rnm`e hnpnmhan hnpnmhanmhg mhg hne ont`jgeasog p`rtaiue p`rtaiue`r `r hn i`h` sust`mia`. Ne `jusg hn nst`s sust`mia`s sn i`r`itnraz` pgr um` ràpah` `p`raiaùm hn sïmtgo`s hn
nucgra`, hnsamkajaiaùm y snms`iaùm hn amvuemnr`jaeah`h. Nst`s snms`iagmns sn punhnm o`mtnmnr
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. pgr kgr`s igm amk`e`iagmns rnpntah`s, eg iu`e igmhuin ` e` amk`e`iaùm hn br`mhns hgsas igm e` igmsniunmtn `p`raiaùm hn ncnitgs tùxaigs snvnrgs, t`ens igog tamatus, `t`xa`, `bat`iaùm, igmcusaùm, `sï igog `euiam`iagmns pneabrgs`s igog irnnr qun sn punhn m`h`r g vge`r. Iu`equanr` sn` sn` e` hgsas, ne pneabrg hn qun suin suinh`m h`m `iiahnmtns g hn jrgmig`spar` jrgmig`spar`iaùm iaùm hne vùoatg nxastn sanoprn. Gtrgs sïmtgo`s ieïmaigs igoumns sgm ne nmrgdniaoanmtg hn e` pane, màusn`s y s`eav`iaùm. Ne igo`, e` hnprnsaùm rnspar`tgra` y `ôm e`s igmvuesagmns punhnm giurrar nm i`sgs snvnrgs. E`s gpgrtumah`hns hn amtnrvnmar nm e` amtgxai`iaùm `buh` sgm ouy r`r`s. Nm i`sg hn prnsnmt`rsn e` gpgrtumah`h, ne p`ianmtn hnjn snr tr`t`hg hn cgro` hn mg nstrns`reg `ôm oàs g hn nxiat`reg hnjahg ` qun punhn prgvgi`rsn um` ` `rratoa` rratoa` ii`rhï`i`. `rhï`i`.
E` samtg samtgo`tgegbï` o`tgegbï`
b`strgamtnstam`e punhn prnhgoam`r hnspuás hn e` ambnstaùm pnrg e`s c`sns pgstnragrns sgm saoae`rns ` e`s `mtnragrns.
E`s sniune`s irùmai`s hnsirapt`s amieuynm npast`xas rniurrnmtns, `eatgsas, ueinr`iagmns jui`ens y m`s`ens, igmdumtavatas, ramatas irùmai` y `uonmtg nm e` nxpnitgr`iaùm jrgmqua`e. Yn k` rnpgrt`hg t`ojaám párhah` hn igminmtr`iaù igminmtr`iaùm, m, hnprnsaùm, arrat`jaeah`h, kgstaeah`h y p`r`mga`. Nmtrn egs h`ðgs sastáoaigs eunbg hne `jusg irùmaig sn punhnm iat`r e` mnurgp`tï` pnracárai`, hascumiaùm inrnjne`r, nminc`egp`tï` irùmai` y e` hnonmia`. E` nsquazgcrnma` k` sahg `sgia`h` igm ne `jusg hn jnmiam`. Ne `jusg irùmaig hn tgeunmg y 0,0,0 traiegrgnt`mg k`m sahg `ojgs `sgia`hgs igm ne h`ðg pnro`mnmtn ` raðgmns, kïb`hg y `e igr`zùm.
>.9 Ne ransbg hn ounrtn sôjat`. Znsuet` aopgrt`mtn hnst`i`r qun e` ounrtn sôjat` ns umg hn egs o`ygrns ransbgs `sgia`hgs `e `jusg hn vge`taens. vge`taens. Nst` iariumst`mia` ns amhnpnmhanmtn amhnpnmhanmtn hn ie`s ie`sns ns sgia`ens y nh`h, sanmhg prgvgi`h` nm cgro` amharnit` pgr ne tr`uo`, `spar`iaùm hne vùoatg y `scaxa` `sgia`h` `e usg hn `hknsavgs hnmtrg hn jges`s peàstai`s. Egs nstuhags rn`eaz`hgs subanrnm iu`trg oghgs pgsajens hn ounrtn `sgia`hgs harnit`onmtn igm ne `jusg hn vgeàtaens4 `mgxa`, nstaoue`iaùm v`b`e qun eenv` ` jr`hai`rha` y p`rg i`rhï`ig, hnprnsaùm rnspar`tgra` y e` `rratoa` i`rhï`i`.
Yn p prnsuon rnsuon qun ne p` p`rg rg
i`rhagrrnspar`tgrag y e` `rratoa` i`rhï`i` sgm egs rnspgms`jens hn e` o`ygrï` hn e`s ounrtns. ^m
nst`hg hn `e`ro` sôjat`, ndnriaiag cïsaig g `itavah`h snxu`e punhnm prniapat`r um` `rratoa` hnjahg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ` qun nst`s sust`mia`s snmsajaeaz`m ne igr`zùm ` e`s i`tnige`oam`s iariue`mtns. E` o`ygrï` hn e`s ounrtns sôjat`s sn prghuinm hnspuás hn satu`iagmns hn `e`ro` g cub`.
>.8 C`ro`igiamátai` hn e`s Yust`mia`s Sgeàtaens. E` igoprnmsaùm hn e` c`ro`igiamátai` hn nst`s sust`mia`s rnsuet` hn amtnrás iu`mhg sn amtnmt` igoprnmhnr egs rnsuet`hgs hne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig nm ounstr`s jageùbai`s, nspnia`eonmtn nspnia`eonm tn e` r`pahnz igm qun egs sïmtgo`s `p`rninm y hns`p`rnin hns`p`rninm. m.
>.8.0 @jsgriaùm, hastrajuiaùm y neaoam`iaùm. E`s sust`mia`s qun sn amk`e`m `ei`mz`m igminmtr`iagmns nenv`h`s nm ùrb`mgs janm arrab`hgs igog ne igr`zùm y ne inrnjrg, oanmtr`s qun nm ne oôsiueg y ne tndahg `hapgsg suinhn eg igmtr`rag. Ya e` ounrtn sn prghuin prghuin,, nstn ns ne iu`hrg qun sn gjsn gjsnrv`, rv`, pnrg sa e` nxpgsaiaùm nxpgsaiaùm k` sahg igmtamu` ne igopunstg t`ojaám sn `iuoue` nm ùrb`mgs o`e arrab`hgs, egs iu`ens eg eajnr`m enmt`onmtn iu`mhg e` nxpgsaiaùm tnroam`. Nstg sn gjsnrv` nm e`s iurv`s igminmtr`iaùm-tanopg nm s`mbrn, hgmhn `ebumgs igopunstgs ounstr`m hni`aoanmtgs ogmgnxpgmnmia`ens y gtrgs ounstr`m hgs g oàs oàxaogs hnpnmhanmhg hnpnmhanmh g hne môonrg hn igop`rtaonmtg igop`rtaonmtgss igrpgr`ens.
>.8.: Ont`jgeasog. E` br`m o`ygrï` hn nst`s sust`mia`s sn neaoam`m sam oghacai`iagmns nm ne `arn nxk`e`hg. Gtr`s sgm neaoam`h`s nm cgro` p`ria`e pgr vï` `árn` y ne rnstg sucrn ont`jgeasog knpàtaig, sanmhg nstgs neaoam`hgs pgr e` rnspar`iaùm g e` gram`. @e abu`e qun igm ouik`s sust`mia`s, e`s rn`iiagmns hn C`sn A (gxah`iaùm, rnhuiiaùm g kahrùeasas) y hn C`sn AA (igmdub`iaùm igm àiahg beuiurùmaig, suecôraig, `int`tg g `oamgàiahgs) sn prghuinm igm `ebumgs sgevnmtns. E` vnegiah`h y nxtnmsaùm hne ont`jgeasog hnpnmhn hn c`itgrns igog nh`h, nmcnronh`hns, hgsas y nxpgsaiaùm ` gtrgs sgevnmtns g hrgb`s. Yn k` rnpgrt`hg, pgr ndnopeg, qun e` ig-ambnstaùm hn p`r`int`oge `uonmt` e`s igminmtr`iagmns hn tgeunmg nm s`mbrn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Nm `ebumgs i`sgs e` ont`jgeaz`iaùm ns e` rnspgms`jen hn um `uonmtg nm e` tgxaiah`h4 nstg sn gjsnrv` nm sgevnmtns igog `intgmatraeg, knx`mgs, tntr`iegrurg hn i`rjgmg, iegrgcgrog, haiegrgont`mg,, ont`mge, traiegrgntaenmg y pgsajenonmtn egs ceugrgi`rjgm haiegrgont`mg ceugrgi`rjgmgs. gs.
>.> Ahnmtacai`iaùm hn Igopunstgs Sgeàtaens. Ne `jusg hn nst`s sust`mia`s hnjnrï` nspnr`rsn nm maðgs g `hgensinmtns qun ounstr`m um igopgrt`oanmtg saoae`r ` e` nojra`bunz, `j`mhgmg g `mgrnxa`. Yu pneg, `eanmtg y rgp` punhn genr ` sgevnmtns y sn sunenm nmigmtr`r nmtrn sus pnrtnmnmia`s tujgs hn pnb`onmtg y hastamtgs tapgs hn nmv`sns qun cumiagm`m igog igmtnmnhgrns hne tapg hn jges`s hn p`p`s crat`s, nminmhgrns hnsi`rt`jens g `nrgsgens. Ne gegr ` sgevnmtn nm ne `eanmtg nstà rne`iagm`hg igm e` hgsas y e` hur`iaùm hn e` nxpgsaiaùm, puhanmhg hur`r v`ra`s kgr`s. Vunhn eenb`r ` gjsnrv`rsn o`mik`s hn pamtur`s nm e`s cgs`s m`s`ens g rgp`s.
Znsuet` rne`tav`onmtn amcrniunmtn ne ee`o`hg ―beun-smaccnr¸s r`sk― qun pghrï`ogs tr`huiar igog nizno` pnragr`e, ne iu`e ns i`us`hg pgr ne igmt`itg rnpntahg hn egs e`jags igm ne pnb`onmtg igegi`hg nm um` jges` peàstai`. Nstn sïmtgo` `p`rnin `prgxao`h`onmtn nm : hn 966 maðgs qun amk`e`m pnb`onmtg. Hnjahg ` qun ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig mg punhn hntnit`r tghgs egs i`sgs hgmhn nst`s sust`mia`s nstàm amvgeuir`h`s rnsuet` aopgrt`mtn rnigenit`r tghgs egs h`tgs y iariumst`mia`s pgsajens nm suaiahags y kgoaiahags hn `hgensinmtns pgig ie`rgs. Ne `màeasas hn e`jgr`tgrag prnsnmt` `ebumgs prgjeno`s p`rtaiue`rns. Nm praonr eub`r, ouikgs hn nstgs igopunstgs nxastnm nm ne e`jgr`tgrag hnjaámhgsn tnmnr prni`uiagmns nspnia`ens p`r` nvat`r igmt`oam`iagmns iruz`h`s. Nm snbumhg eub`r, e` rnigeniiaùm, tr`mspgrtn y `eo`inm`oanmtg `eo`inm`oan mtg hn e`s ounstr`s. E`s ontghgegbï`s `sgia`h`s ` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn igopunstgs vgeàtaens sgm e`s oaso`s utaeaz`h`s p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ont`mge g nt`mge. Ne oátghg hn neniiaùm ns e` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` igm kn`h-sp`in sgjrn ounstr`s hn s`mbrn u gtrgs nspniïonmns jageùbaigs igog tndahgs sgontahgs ` habnstaùm habnstaùm nmzaoà nmzaoàtai`s. tai`s. X`ojaám sn k` `peai` `peai`hg hg igm áxatg e` nspnitrg nspnitrgontrï` ontrï` hn o`s`s harnit`onmtn sgjrn `arn nxpar`hg, puhaámhgsn hntnit`r nstgs igopunstgs v`rags hï`s hnspuás k`jnr sahg amk`e`hgs. X`ojaám rnsuet` ôtae e` nspnitrgcgtgontrï` amcr`rrgd` nm c`sn b`sngs`. Ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig hnjnrï` snr gjeab`tgrag nm tghgs egs i`sgs hn amtgxai`iagmns hn
grabnm hnsigmgiahg nm maðgs y `hgensinmtns, `sï igog nm i`sgs hgmhn nstgs k`y`m
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. o`macnst`hg igmhuit`s saoae`rns ` e`s `mtnragronmtn hnsirapt`s. Ne ha`bmùstaig hn amtgxai`iaùm pgr vgeàtaens hnjn snr um` igojam`iaùm hn nvahnmia` `m`eïtai`, ieïmai` y iariumst`mia`e oàs qun umg sgeg hn nstgs c`itgrns. Hnjn rnigrh`rsn qun e` prgj`jaeah`h hn hntnit`r e` nxpgsaiaùm ` sust`mia`s vge`taens pgr kn`h-sp`in nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn nstà amceunmia`h` pgr e` hgsas y ne tanopg hn nxpgsaiaùm, ne tanopg tr`msiurrahg nmtrn e` tgo` hn ounstr` y e` nxpgsaiaùm y ne `eo`inm`oanmtg hn e` ounstr` k`st` su `màeasas. Yanoprn nxastn e` pgsajaeah`h hn e` párhah` hn `m`eatgs suo`onmtn vgeàtaens igog ne prgp`mg, jut`mg y egs k`egmns.
>.3 Znigeniiaùm y @eo`inm`oanmtg hn e` ounstr`. E` o`ygrï` hn nstgs igopunstgs sgm nst`jens nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn sa sn gjsnrv`m `ebum`s prni`uiagmns t`ens igog utaeaz`r tujgs hn vahrag `e oàxaog hn su i`p`iah`h y mg hnd`r iào`r`s hn `arn. E` t`p` hnjn snr ` rgsi` y igm sneeg ontàeaig nm su p`rtn amtnrm`. ^m` gpiaùm `hniu`h` sgm e`s t`p`s ontàeai`s ` prnsaùm igog e`s prnsnmtns nm e`s cr`sigs hn onhai`onmtgs amynit`jens. Ne tujg hnjn o`mtnmnrsn ` 8 ªI `haiagm`hg igm knp`ram` hn eatag igog `mtaig`bue`m `mtaig`bue`mtn. tn. Ya sn sgspnik`m igopunstgs igog ástnrns (nd. `int`tg hn ntaeg) sn rnigoanmh` ne usg hn ceugrurg hn sghag `e 0 % p/v y ne `eo`inm`oanmtg `eo`inm`oanmtg ` -> ª I. @ôm sa mg sn iuopenm e`s igmhaiag igmhaiagmns mns ahn`ens sn punhnm gjtnmnr `e onmgs rnsuet`hgs iu`eat`tavgs ôtaens. Nm ne i`sg hn k`jnrsn rnigenit`hg nm ne eub`r hne knikg gjdntgs utaeaz`hgs igog rniapanmtns p`r` e` amk`e`iaùm, nstgs hnjnm nmva`rsn `e e`jgr`tgrag snee`hgs y snp`r`hgs hn e`s ounstr`s jageùbai`s p`r` nvat`r e` igmt`oam`iaùm iruz`h`. Ne `màeasas hn ounstr`s hn tndahgs t`ojaám rnsuet` ôtae, sgjrn tghg egs tndahgs br`sgs igog ne inrnjrg, hnjahg ` qun sn hntnit`m `et`s igminmtr`iagmns hn igopunstgs vgeàtaens. E`s ounstr`s hn tndahgs hnjnm nmva`rsn nm crïg, prncnrnmtnonmtn ` tnopnr`tur`s hn crnnznr y hnsigmbne`re`s harnit`onmtn hnmtrg hne va`e hn kn`h-sp`in. E` ounstr` hn gram` rnsuet` ôtae sùeg sa k` k` p`s`hg sucaia sucaianmtn nmtn tanopg y sa ne iigopunstg gopunstg ont`jgeaz`hg ns sgeujen nm `bu`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
>.3.0 Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs` nm ounstr`s jageùbai`s. Ne nquap`oanmtg mnins`rag p`r` `peai`r nst` táimai` ns um irgo`tùbr`cg b`sngsg prgvastg hn um` igeuom` prncnrnmtnonmtn hn tapg i`pae`r, prgbr`o`iaùm hn tnopnr`tur` y hntnitgrns hn tapg CAH y/g hn i`ptur` nenitrùmai`. E` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` oàs utaeaz`h` ns ne I`rjgw`x :6 O `umqun nm e` `itu`eah`h hn prncanrn hnshn k`in tanopg e`s igeuom`s igm c`sns quïoai`onmtn umah` igog ne haontaepgeasaegx`mg (YVJ-0). ^m br`hanmtn hn tnopnr`tur`s hn 9> ` 02> ªI pnroatn `m`eaz`r e` o`ygrï` hn egs igop igopunstgs unstgs vgeà vgeàtaens. taens.
E` amyni amyniiaùm iaùm nm igeuom` rrnquanrn nquanrn h hn n
vgeôonmns hn c`sn b`sngs` rne`tav`onmtn br`mhns - umgs 866 ¾ets - `umqun um` amyniiaùm hn :66 t`ojanm pnroatn junmgs rnsuet`hgs . Yn hnjn snr p`rtaiue`ronmtn iuah`hgsg igm e` prnsnmia` hn igopunstgs vgeàtaens mgro`eonmtn prnsnmtns nm ounstr`s jageùbai`s jageùbai`s,, nspnia`eonmtn sa nxastn putrnc`iiaùm, amieuynmhg ne haùxahg hn i`rjgmg. @ pns`r hn qun nst`s sgm igmhaiagmns p`r` um sirnnmamb `opeag, sn gjsnrv` qun e` o`ygrï` hn egs igopunstgs hn amtnrás mg rnquanrnm hn tnopnr`tur`s pgr hnj`dg hn e` `ojanmtn p`r` snr rntnmah`s, pgr eg qun sn punhn tr`j`d`r ` tnopnr`tur`s o`ygrns n amieusg igm prgbr`o`s prgbr`o`s asgtároaigs gjtnm gjtnmaámhgsn aámhgsn junmg junmgss rnsuet`hgs. Nm nstgs i`sgs, ne ômaig prgjeno` ns e` párhah` hn rnsgeuiaùm hn igopunstgs ouy vgeàtaens y egs e`rbgs tanopgs hn `màeasas. Nvahnmtnonmtn,, ne usg hn hntnitgrns amnspniïcaigs igog ne CAH y ne NIH mg j`st`m pgr sï Nvahnmtnonmtn sgegs p`r` `sabm`r ahnmtah`h ` um paig nm um sùeg irgo`tgbr`o`, sgjrn tghg nm ounstr`s jageùbai`s. Ouikgs `utgrns rnigoanmh`m ne usg hn h`tgs hn rntnmiaùm hn `e onmgs hgs igeuom`s hacnrnmtns, `umqun nm e` `itu`eah`h egs hntnitgrns hn o`s` sn nmiunmtr`m `e `ei`min hn e` o`ygrï` hn egs e`jgr`tgrags cgrnmsns y sùeg rnquanrnm hne `brnb`hg hn um tnstabg p`r` igmcaro`r e` ahnmtah`h. @ôm igm e`s vnmt`d`s hn e` nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s`s nm iu`mtg ` snmsajaeah` snmsajaeah`h h y nspniacaiah`h, hnjn hnst`i`rsn qun rnsuet` hïcaiae gjtnmnr junmgs nspnitrgs hn o`s` p`r` cr`bonmtgs hn o/z onmgrns hn 86 y nstg igopeai` nspnia`eonm nspnia`eonmtn tn e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn `ei`mgs hn j`dg pnsg ogeniue`r. ^m` pgsajaeah`h nxtr` ns `ð`har e` nspnitrgcgtgontrï` amcr`rrgd` igm tr`mscgro`h` hn Cguranr (CXAZ) ` e` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` `umqun e` snmsajaeah`h ns onmgr. Egs hnt`eens hn e` táimai` sn ounstr`m nm e` t`je` >.:. E` t`je` >.9 ounstr` `ebumgs hn egs prghuitgs qun punhnm nmigmtr`rsn nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn `sgia`hgs `e prghuitg pramiap`e.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
X`je` >.:. Irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`4 igmhaiagmns hn `màeasas.
Gpnr`iaùm hne irgo`tùbr`cg (―`rr`mqun nm crïg‟). 0. Amaia`r igm um prgbr`o` hn tnopnr`tur`s `et`s qun neaoamn igopunstgs rntnmahgs nm e` igeuom`. :. @m`eaz`r um` `eïiugt` (0-> ¾e) hn um` onzie` iu`eat`tav` hn nstàmh`rns prnp`r`h` nm um juejg hn ounstrng b`sngsg hn 0:> oe. @màeasas hn ounstr`s jageùbai`s y eïquahgs. 0. @m`eaz`r um` `eïiugt` (066-966 ¾e) hn c`sn b`sngs` gjtnmah` eunbg hn amiuj`r ne va`e inrr`hg (3> ¶I, 0> oam) igm :66 ¾e hne nstàmh`r amtnrmg. :. @brnb`r e` ounstr` eïquah` (:66 ¾e) `e va`e sam hnst`p`r ` tr`vás hn e` snpt` y rnamiuj`r (3> ¶I, 0> oam). @m`eaz`r um` `eïiugt` (066-966 ¾e) hn e` c`sn b`sngs`. 9. Ahnmtacai`r iu`equanr igopunstg nm j`sn ` `e irgo`tgbr`o` gjtnmahg nm ne `màeasas hn e` onzie` hn nstàmh`rns. Xndahgs. 0. Hasniiagm`r :6->6 ob (pnsg kôonhg) hn tndahg hnshn ne inmtrg hne nspáiaonm oanmtr`s sn k`ee` igmbne`hg y `brnb`reg ` um va`e hn kn`hhsp`in igmtnmanmhg VJY. @brnb`r Yujtaeasam` @ (`prgxao`h`onmtn 0 ob) n amiuj`r (3> ¶I, 0> oam). :. @m`eaz`r um` `eïiugt` (066-966 ¾e) hn c`sn b`sngs`. @m`eaz`r ne nstàmh`r amtnrmg nm um va`e snp`r`hg. Igmhaiagmns hn @màeasas Irgo`tgbràcaig.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. (Yupneig) upneig) hn 36 o x 6.>9 oo h.a, > ¾o caeo). • Igeuom`4 hn tapg i`pae`r YVJ-0 (Y
• B`s I`rranr4 kneag (ceudg ;-1 oe/oam)< rnspnitav`onmtn. mtn. • Xnopnr`tur` hne amdnitgr y hntnitgr4 0>6 y :2> ¶I, rnspnitav`on
• Vrgbr`o` hn tnopnr`tur`4 3 o oam am asgtároaig, 86 ` ; ;6¶I 6¶I ` > ¶I/oam, y eunbg k`st` :66 ¶I ` 06 ¶I/oam (tanopg tgt`e hn `màeasas :3 oam)< rne`iaùm e`iaùm hn spe speatat `prg `prgxao`h`onmtn xao`h`onmtn hn >40)< • Hntniiaùm4 hntnitgr hu`e CAH / NIH ` um` rn mtr`h` h hn n kahrù kahrùbnmg bnmg y `arn (CAH (CAH)4 )4 0> y :: p.s.a., rnsp rnspnitav`onmtn< nitav`onmtn< • Vrnsaùm hn nnmtr`h`
• Vurb` hne NIH (matrùbnmg) ceudg4 `prgxao`h`o `prgxao`h`onmtn nmtn 9> oe/oam< • I`ptur` hn h`tgs nst`iaùm hn tr`j`dg snbôm ne oghneg y o`ri` hne nquapg< • @igmhaiagm`oa @igmhaiagm`oanmtg nmtg hn e` igeuom`4 igrrnr um prgbr`o` hnshn 96 ` :36 ¶I igm p`s`dn hn b`s y um br`hanmtn hn : ¶I/oam y o`mtnmnreg pgr 03 k.
X`je` >.9. Igopunstgs Sgeàtaens qun punhnm k`ee`rsn nm e` s`mbrn.
IGOV^NYXG
IGOV^NYXG @YGIA@HG
@intgm`
Jut`mgm` y intgm` intgm`ss supnragrns n nm m intg`iahgsa intg`iahgsass asgprgp`mge (ont`jgeatg r`rg)
Jrgogiegrghaceugrgont`mg
Ceugrgtraiegrgont`mg
Jut`mg
Jut`mgm`, :-jut`mge (ont`jgeatg (ont`jgeatgss r`rgs) asgjut`mg, prgp`mg
Iaiegknx`mgm`
Iaiegknx`mge (ont`jgeat (ont`jgeatg) g)
Ntnr ntïeaig
Iegrghaceugr Iegrghaceugrgont`mg gont`mg
Nt`mge
Vrgp`mgens y `eigkgens supnragrns sa e` cnronmt`iaùm tuvg eub`r
@int`tg hn ntaeg
Nt`mge (ont`jge (ont`jgeatg) atg)
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Ntaejnminmg
Xgeunmg y xaenmgs
Ceugrgtraiegrgont`mg Ceugrgtraiegrgo nt`mg
Jrgogiegrgha Jrgogiegrghaceugrgont`mg ceugrgont`mg haiegrghaceug haiegrghaceugrgont`mn rgont`mn
Haiegrghaceugrgont`mg
Ceugrgtraiegrgont`mg
Iegrghaceugrgont`mg Iegrghaceugr gont`mg
Ntnr ntïeaig
K`egt`mg
:-Iegrg-0,0-ha :-Iegrg-0,0-haceugrgntaenmg ceugrgntaenmg,, :-iegrg-0,0,0 :-iegrg-0,0,0-traceugrgnt`mg -traceugrgnt`mg (ont`jgeatgs, r`rgs)
Matratg hn asgjutaeg
:-Ontae-0-prgp :-Ontae-0-prgp`mge `mge (prghuitg hn hnbr`h`iaù hnbr`h`iaùm) m)
Matratg hn asgpnmtaeg
9-Ontae-0-jut`m 9-Ontae-0-jut`mge ge (prghuitg hn hnbr`h`ia hnbr`h`iaùm) ùm)
@int`tg hn ontaeg
Ont`mge (ont`jg (ont`jgeatg) eatg)
Vrgp`mg
@intgm` (ont`jgeatg, r`rg), jut`mg, asgjut`mg, asgprgp`mg asgprgp`mgee (ont`jgeatg, r`rg)
Asgprgp`mge
@intgm` (ont`jgeatg)
Xraiegrgntaenmg Xraiegrgntaenm g
:,:,:-Xraiegrgn :,:,:-Xraiegrgnt`mge t`mge (ont`jgeatg), iegrgcgrog (nm kn`hsp`inIB punhn rnsuet` hn e` hnsigopgsaia hnsigopgsaiaùm ùm tároai` hne àiahg traiegrg`iátaig (ont`jgeatg) am vatrg)
[aenmgs
g-, o- y p-xaenmg nxastnm dumtgs nm onzie`s hn br`hg táimaig, prnhgoam`mhg ne o-xaenmg. Vunhn k`ee`rsn prnsnmn ne ntaeejnminmg
>.2 Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e`s ounstr`s. Ne praonr `màeasas sanoprn hnjnrï` snr ne hn e` sgeuiaùm hn nstàmh`rns p`r` vnracai`r qun mg nxast` amtnrcnrnmia` igm e` `toùscnr` hne e`jgr`tgrag. Iu`mhg sn `m`eaz`m nspniïonmns eïquahgs nstn hnjn amynit`rsn hnmtrg hne va`e hn kn`h-sp`in ` tr`vás hn e` snpt` hn bgo` hne va`e y` inrr`hg, amiuj`hg ` tnopnr`tur` y e` `toùscnr` hne va`e amynit`h` nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg.
>.2.0 Ounstr`s hn Y`mbrn y Gram`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Oanmtr`s ne va`e hn kn`h-sp`in sn k`ee` `janrtg, (va`e hn vahrag hn 06 oe) sn `brnb`m :66 ¾ets hn nstàmh`r amtnrmg. Ne va`e qunh` snee`hg pgr um` snpt` nm su i`r` amtnragr cgro`h` pgr um hasig hn bgo` saeaigm`h` y rniujanrt` nst` igm um` onmjr`m` hn tnceùm. Ne va`e ns amiuj`hg ` 3> ¶I nm um j`ðg tnrogstàtaig hur`mtn 0> oamutgs y eunbg um` `eïiugt` hn e` `toùscnr` hne va`e (066 ` 966 ¾ets) igm um` dnramb` hn vahrag nspnia`e p`r` tr`mscnrar b`sns. Nst` dnramb` hnjn snr prni`enmt`h` `e onmgs 06 oamutgs `mtns nm eub`r snig. Eunbg :66 ¾ets hn e` ounstr` (qun punhn snr s`mbrn, pe`so`, sunrg u gram`) sn `brnb`m `e va`e utaeaz`mhg um` dnramb` hnsi`rt`jen hn peàstaig prgvast` hn um` `bud` Eunr hnsi`rt`jen tapg :>B y hnspuás hn 0> oamutgs hn amiuj`iaùm sn amynit`m ne oasog vgeuonm qun ne nstàmh`r.
>.2.: Ounstr`s hn tndahgs. E`s ounstr`s hn tndahgs hnjnrï`m `m`eaz`rsn `brnb`mhg prnva`onmtn um` nmzao` prgtngeïtai` ` e` onzie` hn amiuj`iaùm hnmtrg hne va`e. Yn gjtanmnm hn :6 ` >6 ob (nm pnsg kôonhg) hne inmtrg hne nspáiaonm oanmtr`s `ôm sn k`ee` igmbne`hg. Znsuet` prncnrajen qun sn rnoat`m `e e`jgr`tgrag trgzgs hn ùrb`mgs rne`tav`onmtn br`mhns p`r` qun mg sn hnsigmbnenm hn amonha`tg oanmtr`s sn pns`m. E`s pgriagmns gjtnmah`s pgr hupeai`hg sn amiuj`m hur`mtn 0> oamutgs ` 3> ¶I igm e` sgeuiaùm hne nstàmh`r amtnrmg (:66 ¾ets) y `prgxao`h`onmtn 0 ob hn Yujtaeasam` @ g nquav`enmtn `mtns hn amynit`r amynit`r hn 066 ` 96 966 6 ¾ets hn c`sn b`sn b`sngs`. gs`. Ne je`mig hnj hnjn n rn`eaz`rsn nm um va`e snp`r`hg.
>.2.9 Nmv`sns y Vrghuitgs Igonria`ens nmva`hgs `e E`jgr`tgrag. Ns ouy aopgrt`mtn qun tghgs egs nmv`sns y prghuitgs sn`m nmva`hgs `e e`jgr`tgrag pgr snp`r`hg hn e`s e`s ounstr`s jageù jageùbai`s. bai`s. Egs `nrgsgens y v`pgrns hn igo igojustajens justajens sn pu punhnm nhnm `m`eaz`r harnit`onmtn eajnr`mhg eajnr`mhg um` pgriaùm hnmtrg hne va`e y amynit`mhg umgs ¾ets hn egs v`pgrns nm ne irgo`tùbr`cg. Egs eïquahgs punhnm `m`eaz`rsn igm c`iaeah`h nxtr`ynmhg `ebumgs ¾ets (>->6) hn e` `toùscnr` hne igmtnmnhgr. Egs `hknsavgs y gtrgs prghuitgs snoa-eïquahgs sn tr`mscanrnm ` um va`e hn kn`h-sp`in y sn amiuj`m hur`mtn 0> oamutgs ` ¶I 3>. ^m` `eïiugt` hn e` `toùscnr` hn nstn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. va`e sn tr`mscanrn ` um snbumhg va`e snee`hg y prni`enmt`hg ` 3> ¶I igmtnmanmhg hn `mtno`mg e` sgeuiaùm hne nstàmh`r. ^m` `eaiugt` hn 066 ¾ets sn `m`eaz`m pgr irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`.
>.; Amtnrprnt`iaùm iu`eat`tav` hn egs rnsuet`hgs. E` pgsajaeah`h hn hntnit`r e` nxpgsaiaùm ` sust`mia`s vgeàtaens pgr e` táimai` hn kn`hsp`in-IB nm um` ounstr` hn s`mbrn hnpnmhn hne tapg hn igopunstg, ne br`hg hn nxpgsaiaùm, ne ogonmtg nm qun sn rn`eazù ne ounstrng y e`s prni`uiagmns tgo`h`s iu`mhg sn gjtuvg e` ounstr`. Ne `màeasas hn ont`jgeatgs uram`rags punhn nxtnmhnr e` vnmt`m` hn tanopg p`r` rn`eaz`r e` hntniiaùm, pnrg hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun hn e` sust`mia`s utaeaz`h`s, utaeaz`h`s, sùeg ne tgeunmg, xaenmgs y `ebumgs iegr`hgs prghuinm ont`jgeatgs `hniu`hgs `hniu`hgs p`r` su onhaiaùm. Ne `jusg irùmaig hn m`ct`s k` sahg ha`bmgstai`hg pgr ne igmtnmahg hn pegog nm s`mbrn g e` hntniiaùm hn igopunstgs `rgoàtaigs igog tgeunmg y ntaejnminmg ntaejnminmg.. E` hntniiaùm hn igopunstgs vgeàtaens nm s`mbrn mg aopeai` `utgoàtai`onmtn ne `jusg hn nst`s, samg qun punhn ogstr`r e` nxpgsaiaùm e`jgr`e g `ojanmt`e ` nst`s. E` prnsnmia` hn `intgm` y jut`mgm` nm br`mhns i`mtah`hns ns mgro`e nm e` s`mbrn y gram` hn maðgs igm hncaianmia` nm e` nmzao` ``intaeignmzao` @ tage`s`. @hnoàs, e` `intgm` ns ne ont`jgeatg mgro`e hne asgprgp`mge y nstn ` su vnz k` sahg nmigmtr`hg nm e` s`mbrn hn p`ianmtns intùsaigs. Gtr`s intgm`s punhnm grabam`r ` su vnz egs igrrnspgmhanmtns `eigkgens. Yn hnjn rnigrh`r iu`mhg sn gjtanmnm e`s ounstr`s qun ne usg hn hnsamcnit`mtns nm `nrgsge punhnm igmt`oam`r e` ounstr` igm ne b`s prgpnenmtn. Ne usg hn tujgs snp`r`hgrns hn sunrg (tujgs igm um bne snp`r`hgr) hnjn nvat`rsn puns e` jajeagbr`cï` ounstr` igmt`oam`iagmns nm nstgs tujgs igm tgeunmg, xaenmgs y m-jut`mge. Yn k` nmigmtr`hg qun tujgs igonria`ens i`rb`hgs igm NHX@ nst`j`m igmt`oam`hg igmt`oam`hgss igm m-jut`mge y :-ontae-:-prgp`mge. ^m prgjeno` cgrnmsn ieàsaig ns ne nt`mge prghuiahg pgst-ogrtno. Nstn sn prghuin hnjahg ` e` `iiaùm hn e` cegr` oairgja`m` sgjrn ounstr`s jageùbai`s y k` sahg tr`t`hg igm hnt`een nm i`pïtuegs `mtnragrns. Egs matratgs hn `equaeg usu`eonmtn `jus`hgs pgr amk`e`iaùm (matratg hn asgjuteg n asgpnmtaeg) sgm um i`sg nspnia`e pgr iu`mtg sgm nxtrno`h`onmtn amnst`jens y sn hnsigopgmnm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. ràpah`onmtn nm vavg p`r` prghuiar egs igrrnspgmhanmtns `eigkgens y `ebumgs asùonrgs (m-jutae, mpnmtae). Igog punhn gjsnrv`rsn, e` pgsajaeah`h hn áxatg nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hnnstgs igopunstgs ns cumiaùm hn v`rags p`ràontrgs, nmtrn egs iuàens `hquanrn prnpgmhnr`mia` e` pgsajaeah`h hn rnigmginr prnva`onmtn ` e` tgo` hn ounstr` qun e` i`us` sn` ne `jusg hn vgeàtaens. Hn eg igmtr`rag, e` tgo` y igmsnrv`iaùm hn e` ounstr` igmhuiarà ` rnsuet`hgs hn pgig g mueg v`egr iu`mtat`tavg, `hnoàs hn e` pgsajaeah`h n um c`esg mnb`tavg.
Jajeagbr`cï`. SGE@XAEN @J^YN Y^JYX@MIN, Vr`itai`e Buahneamns cgr @m`eytai`e Amvnstab`tagm gc Yuspnitnh I`sns `mh Amtnrprnt`tagm gc Znsuets, Z.D. Ce`m`b`m, V.D. Ytrnntn, D.H. Z`osny, ^matnh M`tagm ogmgbr`pk, 0112. M`tagm`e Amstatutn gm Hrub @jusn ZNYN@ZIK OGMGBZ@VK YNZANY Mª 0>4 Znvanw gc Amk`e`mts4 Nupkgry` tg Hyscumitagm, ^.Y Hnp`rtonmt gc Kn`etk `mh Kuo`m Ynrvains, Nhatgrs4 Ik`rens Ro. Yk`rp, Vk.H., Crnh Jn`uv`as, Vk.H., Zaik`rh Ypnmin, Vk.H., 011:. M`tagm`e Amstatutn gm Hrub @jusn ZNYN@ZIK OGMGBZ@VK YNZANY Mª 0:1, ^.Y Hnp`rtonmt gc Kn`etk `mh Kuo`m Ynrvains, Nhatgrs4 Ik`rens Ro. Yk`rp, Vk.H., Crnh Jn`uv`as, Vk.H., Zaik`rh Ypnmin, Vk.H., 011:. Oamastnrag hn Y`euh hn e` M`iaùm, O@M^@E HN @XNMIAÙM VZAO@ZA@ HN AMXG[AI@IAGMNY, Xgog AA, V`rtn Nspnia`e, :66:. V@ZEA@ONMX GC SAIXGZA@, HZ^BY @MH IZAON VZNSNMXAGM IGOOAXXNN, Amquary A mquary amtg tkn Amk`e`tagm gc Sge`taen Yujst`mins, HAYI^YYAGM V@VNZ, D`mu`ry :66:. M`tagm`e Amstatutn gm Hrub @jusn ZNYN@ZIK OGMGBZ@VK YNZANY Mª >:, Xnstamb Hrubs cgr Vkysai`e Hnpnmhnmin Vgtnmta`e `mh @jusn Ea`jaeaty, HNV@ZXONMX GC KN@EXK @MH K^O@M YNZSAINY Vujeai Kn`etk Ynrvain @eigkge. Hrub @jusn, `mh Onmt`e Kn`etk @hoamastr`tagm, Nhatgrs4 Dgsnpk S. Jr`hy, Vk.H. Xkn Dgkms Kgplams ^mavnrsaty Yikgge gc Onhaiamn Yigtt N. Eul`s, Vk.H.
@hhaitagm Znsn`rik Znsn`rik Inmtnr M M`tagm`e `tagm`e Amstatutn gm H Hrub rub @jusn, 01; 01;8. 8.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. RKG/OYH/OYJ/66.9, Buahn tg Hrub @jusn Npahnoagegby, Rgreh Kn`etk Grb`maz`tagm, :666. @^YXZ@EA@M AMYXAX^XN AMYXAX^XN GC IZAOAMGEGBQ, AMK AMK@E@MX @E@MX @J^YN JQ QG^ QG^MB MB VNGVEN, Yaogm Ien`ry, V`pnr prnsnmtnh `t Xkn Ik`r`itnr, Aop`it `mh Vrnvnmtagm gc Iraon am Znbagm`e @ustr`ea` Igmcnrnmin Igmcnrnmin igmvnmnh jy tkn @ustr`ea`m Amstatutn gc Iraoamg Iraoamgegby egby `mh kneh aam m Xgwmsvaeen :-9 @ubust :660. Kn`etk K`z`rhs gc Matratn Amk`e`mts, Nhatgrs4K`rry R. K`vnrlgs, O.H., Havasagm gc Ieamai`e Znsn`rik M`tagm`e Amstatutn gm Hrub @jusn, Dgkm @. Hgubknrty, Vk.H. , MAH@ Znsn`rik Ogmgbr`pk ;9, ^.Y. HNV@ZXONMX GC KN@EXK @MH K^O@M YNZSAINY, Vujeai Kn`etk Ynrvain @eigkge, Hrub @jusn, `mh Onmt`e Onmt`e Kn`etk @hoam @hoamastr`tagm, astr`tagm, 01;;. Ik`ptnr >.08 Xgeunmn @ar Pu`eaty Buahneamns - Ynigmh Nhatagm, RKG Znbagm`e Gccain cgr Nurgpn, Igpnmk`bnm, Hnmo`rl, :666. Npahnoagegby gc Amk`e`mt @jusn4 @m ^ph`tn, Nhatgrs4 Z`qune @. Irahnr, Vk.H. Jn`train @. Zgusn, Vk.H. Havasagm gc Npahnoagegby `mh Yt`tastai`e @m`eysas, M`tagm`e Amstatutn gm Hrub @jusn, ^.Y. HNV@ZXONMX GC KN@EXK @MH K^O@M YNZSAINY, Vujeai Kn`etk Ynrvain @eigkge, Hrub @jusn, `mh Onmt`e Onmt`e Kn`etk @hoa @hoamastr`tagm mastr`tagm MAH@ Zn Znsn`rik sn`rik Ogmgbr`pk Ogmgbr`pk ;>, 01;;. B^AHN XG HZ^B @J^YN NVAHNOAGEGBQ, NVAHNOAGEGBQ, RKG Vrgbr`oon gm Yuj Yujst`min st`min @jusn, Bnmn Bnmnv`, v`, Ywatznre`mh, :666.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg 3 Hntniiaùm hn sust`mia`s mg pnroatah`s nm nquamgs. @utgrns4 Jagq. @mbnens hn Irastùc`mg. Vrgcnsagm`e hne E`jgr`tgrag hn Igmtrge @mtahùpamb hnpnmhanmtn hn Egtnrï` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. Jagq. @mïj`e Z`ogs Vrgcnsagm`e hne E`jgr`tgrag hn Igmtrge @mtahùpamb hnpnmhanmtn hn Egtnrï` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns.
Amtrghuiiaùm. Ne tároamg ―Hgpamb‟ `p`rniaù pgr vnz praonr` nm um haiiagm`rag ambeás hn `ernhnhgr hn 0;11 y sn eg hncamï` igog e` onzie` hn gp gpag ag y m`riùtaigs us`hg us`hg nm i`j`eegs, pnr pnrg g e` r`ïz hn e` p`e`jr` mg sn grabam` hne ambeás samg hne enmbu`dn `enoàm hgmhn e` p`e`jr` ―Hggp‟ qun sabmacai` hrgb`. Cun amigrpgr`hg hnshn ne `enoàm ` um ha`enitg k`je`hg pgr egs tr`j`d`hgrns m`tavgs hne suhnstn hne @crai`, hgmhn e` p`e`jr` ―Hgp‟ sabmacai` eaigr i`snrg ù eaigr cunrtn us`hg `mtabu`onmtn igog um nstaoue`mtn nm ratu`ens. E` p`e`jr` nstà `ôm vabnmtn nm ns` p`rtn hne oumhg, rncanraámhgsn ` e` r`iaùm hn vamg h`hg ` egs m`tavgs pgr sus i`p`t`ins. Hn `iunrhg ` Irgsanr, e` p`e`jr` tgo` su cgro` hn e` dnrb` @onrai`m` hgmhn cun us`h` p`r` hnsirajar um
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. kàjatg bat`mg hn us`r t`j`ig `huetnr`hg igm e`s snoaee`s hn H`tur` str`ogmauo p`r` `tgmt`r ` egs i`oam`mtns `mtns hn rgj`regs. Yu sabmacai`hg jàsaig nm ne oumhg hn egs nquamgs hn i`rrnr`, sn rncanrn ` iu`equanr hrgb` qun `cnitn e` pnrcgro`min g igmhuit` hne `mao`e, nm p`rtaiue`r ` egs ncnitgs nstaoue`mtns. Iu`mhg um prgpant`rag, damntn g prnp`r`hgr, hgp` eg k`in pgrqun prntnmhn, pgr onhags `rtacaia`ens, y ` vnins pneabrgsgs, prnp`r`r ondgr um` hntnroam`h` prunj`, egbr`r um o`ygr n amieusg ` vnins um onmgr rnmhaoanmtg hur`mtn e` oaso` g igmsnbuar um` rniupnr`iaùm ràpah` hnspuás hn igopntar. Kgy nm hï` "hgpamb" sn hncamn igog e` `hoamastr`iaùm g usg hn sust`mia`s nm iu`equanr cgro` `dnm` `e iunrpg, g hn sust`mia`s casageùbai`s nm oátghgs `mgro`ens, igm ne prgpùsatg nxieusavg hn egbr`r um `uonmtg `rtacaia`e y c`esg hn e` pnrcgro`min pnrcgro`min hn igopntaiaùm. Vgr gtrg e`hg, v`ra`s onhah`s casageùbai`s p`r` `uonmt`r e` pnrcgro`min nm ne hnpgrtn hnjnm snr rnbastr`h`s igog hgpamb. Ne usg hn igminmtr`hgs hn kno`tïns nm `tent`s kuo`mgs ns um i`sg hn hùpamb jageùbaig. V`r` e` nspnian nquam` nm ne iùhabg hn i`rrnr` g rnbe`onmtgs sn amhai` qun mambôm i`j`eeg hnie`r`hg p`rtaiap`mtn hnjn pgsnnr nm sus tndahgs, ceuahgs igrpgr`ens g nxirniagmns, mambum` sust`mia` g ont`jgeatg hn sust`mia`s prgkajah`s, g mambum` sust`mia` qun `umqun hn grabnm nmhùbnmg sn nmiunmtrn nm um` igminmtr`iaùm oàs nenv`h` hn egs mavnens igmsahnr`hgs igog k`jatu`ens. Nm nstn i`pïtueg sn prnsnmt` um east`hg rnsuoahg hn e`s sust`mia`s prgkajah`s nm i`j`eegs hn i`rrnr` YVI YVI (Y@MBZN (Y@MBZN V^Z@ HN I@ZZNZ@) y @X @X (@ONZAI@M (@ONZAI@M XZGXNZY), e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s c`ro`igiamátai`s y c`ro`ighamàoai`s hn e`s hrgb`s k`ee`h`s igm o`ygr crniunmia` y cam`eonmtn, e` ontghgegbï` k`jatu`e p`r` su amvnstab`iaùm nm ounstr`s hn s`mbrn y gram`.
3.0 Hntniiaùm hn sust`mia`s mg pnroatah`s. 3.0.0 Ounstr`s. Nm egs Kapùhrgogs, `e cam`eaz`r i`h` i`rrnr`, sn gjtanmnm ounstr`s hn egs ndnope`rns qun
eenb`rgm nm praonr y snbumhg punstg y, nm `ebum`s i`rrnr`s nspnia`ens, sn en pahn t`ojaám `e
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. tnrinr punstg. Nstn prginhaoanmtg nstà supnrvas`hg pgr pnrsgm`e hne Kapùhrgog y hn Egtnrï` y I`samgs nm e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. E` ounstr` sn havahn nm hgs `eïiugt`s abu`ens (Cabur` 3.0). ^m` hn nee`s sn ahnmtacai` igm e` oat`h hn um` ie`vn nm e` qun sn `sanmt`m egs h`tgs hne `mao`e y hne rnspgms`jen. @ e` gtr` `eïiugt` sn en `sabm` e` gtr` oat`h hn e` ie`vn sam ahnmtacai`iaùm (ounstr` ianb`). Nst`s ie`vns sgm bu`rh`h`s pgr e` Igoasaùm hn I`rrnr`s nm sgjrns snp`r`hgs y inrr`hgs. E`s gram`s ahnmtacai`h`s sn bu`rh`m nm crnnznr snp`r`hgs inrr`hgs j`dg ee`vns nm ne E`jgr`tgrag Puïoaig hne Kapùhrgog. Ne hï` hne `màeasas, e`s ounstr`s sam ahnmtacai`r sn muonr`m `e `z`r (cr`sig dumtg hne igm su oat`h hn ie`vn igrrnspgmhan igrrnspgmhanmtn), mtn), eunbg, e`s ie`vns sn bu`rh`m nm sgjrn inrr`hg y e`ir`hg y egs cr`sigs igm um môonrg igog ômai` ahnmtacai`iaùm, sn eenv`m `e E`jgr`tgrag hgmhn sn rn`eaz`ràm egs `màeasas hn igmtrge hgpamb.
3.:.: Xapgs hn sust`mia`s ` amvnstab`r. Egs tapgs hn sust`mia` ` jusi`r nstàm amieuahgs nm um east`hg hn sust`mia`s prgkajah`s nxtr`ïhg hne Znbe`onmtg Bnmnr`e hn I`rrnr`s (I`pïtueg AS, `rtïiueg :>), `igrh`hg nmtrn e` M`iaùm y e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns, ne iu`e rabn e` `itavah`h kïpai` hn egs Kapùhrgogs hn E` Ve`t`, Y`m Asahrg y V`enrog. Nxtr`itg hne @rtïiueg :> hne Znbe`onmtg Bnmnr`e hn I`rrnr`s. I`rrnr`s. Yn havahn ne east`hg nm iu`trg i`tnbgrï`s4 ...‟ ...‟(`) (`) Hrgb`s nstaoue`mtns y hnprnsav`s igm ne oàs `etg pgtnmia`e p`r` `cnit`r e` pnrcgro`min, qun mg sn`m bnmnr`eonmtn `inpt`h`s igog onhai`onmtgs nm ne i`j`eeg hn i`rrnr`‟... (j) Hrgb`s igm `etg pgtnmia`e p`r` `cnit`r e` pnrcgro`min, qun mg sn`m bnmnr`eonmtn ...‟ ...‟(j) `inpt`h`s igog `bnmtns tnr`páutaigs p`r` ne i`j`eeg hn i`rrnr`, ù `bnmtns tnr`páutaigs qun tnmb`m um `etg pgtnmia`e pgr `jusg ù sgjrnhgsas‟... (i) Càro`igs hn usg tnr`páutaig bnmnr`eonmtn `inpt`hgs igog onhai`onmtg p`r` ne i`j`eeg ...‟ ...‟(i) hn i`rrnr` qun `cnit`m e` pnrcgro`min, t`ens igog egs jrgmighae`t`hgrns, y gtrgs càro`igs igm ncnitgs prao`rags sgjrn ne sastno` mnrvagsg‟... ...‟ ...‟(h) (h) Càro`igs hn usg tnr`páutaig bnmnr`eonm bnmnr`eonmtn tn `inpt`hgs igog onhai`onmtg p`r` ne i`j`eeg hn i`rrnr`, t`ens igog egs haurátaigs, `m`jùeaigs nstnrgahns, igrtaigstnrgahns, `mtakast`oïmaigs, rne`d`mtns ousiue`rns‟...
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
H`tgs hne i`j`eeg y iuah`hgr
E`s ie`vns sn bu`rh`m nm e` igoasaùm hn i`rrnr`s nm sgjrns inrr`hgs y snp`r`hgs.
H`tgs hne i`j`eeg y iuah`hgr
H`tgs hne i`j`eeg y iuah`hgr
E`s ounstr`s sn bu`rh`m nm crnnznr nm ne Ynrvaiag Puïoaig hne Kapùhrgog j`dg ee`vn.
Muonrg hn ounstr`
Ounstr` ianb`. Môonrg
E`s ounstr`s ianb`s v`m `e E`jgr`tgrag p`r` igmtrge hn Hgpamb. Yn muonr`m ne hï` hne `màeasas.
Yn muonr`m ne hï` hne `màeasas
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`. Cabur` 3.0 3.044 Nsquno` hn gjtnmiaùm hn ounstr`s p`r` igmtrge hn hgpamb nm i`j`eegs hn i`rrnr` YVI y @X.
‟Nm i`sg hn qun e` hrgb` k`ee`h` pgr ne e`jgr`tgrag quïoaig mg sn nmiunmtrn t`jue`h`, sn igmsahnr`rà e` ie`sacai`iaùm igmtnope`h` nm ne AMHN[ ONZIL y nm e`s enyns 02>0;, 01969, e`s qun sn haitnm `e ncnitg, y nm su hncnitg nm e` east` hn sust`mia`s nstupnc`ianmtns y psaigtrùpaigs pujeai`h` pgr e` Dumt` Amtnrm`iagm`e Amtnrm`iagm`e hn Casi`eaz`iaùm hn Nstupnc`ianmtns.‟... V`r` egs i`j`eegs ―Y`mbrn Vur` hn I`rrnr`‟ (YVI), sn pnroatn igog tr`t`oanmtg tnr`páutaig, cnmaejut`zgm` (`m`ebásaig y `mtaamce`o`tgrag) y curgsnoah` (haurátaig). V`r` i`j`eegs ―@onrai`m Xrgtnr‟ (@X), e`s sust`mia`s pnroatah`s sgm4 onbeuoam` hn ceuoaxam, cnmaejut`zgm`, àiahg `oamgi`prgaig, beaigparrge`tg, beaigce`vgmgahns, iaiegm`oam`, ha`inpùxahgs, vat`oïmaigs oamnr`ens (amieuynmhg geabgnenonmtgs y cgscgr`hgs), `oamgàiahgs nsnmia`ens, `sp`rt`tgs, ienmjutnrge, knx`ontaenmtntr`oam`, knx`ontaenmtntr`oam`, àiahg taùitaig taùitaig,, curgsnoah`, igrtaigstnrgahn igrtaigstnrgahnss y iegrsgx`sgm` iegrsgx`sgm`.. Iu`mhg um onhai`onmtg pnroatahg ns `hoamastr`hg `e `mao`e, nstn hnjn snr hnie`r`hg `mtns hn e` i`rrnr`, i`sg igmtr`rag, sa `p`rnin nm ne igmtrge, sn igmsahnr` um` amcr`iiaùm. @ egs ndnope`rns onmgrns hn trns `ðgs, mg sn ens pnroatn e` `hoamastr`iaùm hn mambôm tapg hn sust`mia`. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn prnsnmt` ne eaeast`hg st`hg rnsuoahg hn sust`mia`s mg pnroatah`s4 Hrgb`s hn `jusg nm i`j`eegs hn i`rrnr` (ie`sn ―`‟) @ecnmt`maeg
Ncnhram`
Ogrcam`
@mcnt`oam`
Envgrc`mge
Maqunt`oah`
@maenraham`
O`zamhge
Gxaighgm`
@pgogrcam`
Onpnraham`
Gxaogrcgm`
I`rcnmt`maeg
Oncnmtnroam`
Vnogeam`
Igi`am`
Hapargm`
Vnmtaenmtntr`zge
Nmhgrcam`
Ont`hgm`
Cnm`zgiam`
Nminc`eam`
Ont`ocnt`oam`
Cnmieaham`
Ntaeogrcam`
Ont`iu`egm`
Cnmhaontr`zam`
Ntgrcam`
Ontaecnmah`tg
Cnmontr`zam`
Cnmt`maeg
Ontgpgm
Vairgtgxam`
Kahrgogrcgm`
Oah`zge`o
Nstraimam`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Yucnmt`maeg
Hrgb`s hn `jusg nm i`j`eegs hn i`rrnr` (ie`sn ―j‟) @ec`prgham`
Hakahrgighnam`
Cnmtnroam`
Jupav`i`am` Juprnmgrcam`
Hgx`pr`o Ncnhram`
Vaoamgham` Vapnrgi`am`
Jutgrc`mge
Nt`oav`m
Vapr`hge
I`cnam`
Ntaeasgjutr`zam`
Vraegi`am`
Iegrha`znpgxahg
Kahrgighgm`
Vrgp`mahah
Iegronz`mgm`
Asgont`hgm`
Vrgpagmaeprgo`zam`
Iegrgprgi`am`
Asgprgtnrnmge
Vrgpar`o
Iegrprgo`zam`
Egj`eam`
Vrgpnxai`am`
Iegj`z`o
Ont`zgiam`
Xntr`i`am`
Iegr`znp`tg
Ontgknxat`e
Xnj`am`
Ighnam`
Ontgtraonpr`zam`
Xa`oae`e
Irgtnt`oah` Hantaeta`ojutnmg
M`ejucam` Mgrnpamncram`
Xrajrgogntk`mge Qgkaojam`
Hrgb`s hn `jusg nm i`j`eegs hn i`rrnr` (ie`sn ―i‟) @inprgo`zam` inprgo`zam`
Hntgoaham`
Bu`m`hrne
@ejutnrge
Hnxtrgprgpgxacnmg
Bu`mntaham`
@oamgcaeam`
Ha`znp`o
Knpt`oamge
@trgpam`
Ha`zgxahg
Kgrm`trgpam`
Jatgetnrge Jrgo`znp`m
Haonceam` Hacnmkahr`oam`
Kahr`z`eam` Apr`trgpauo
Jrgoghacnmkahr`oam`
Haparah`oge
Asgst`ram`
Juont`mah`
Hgejut`oam`
Asgsgrjahn hamatr`tg
Jut`i`am`
Hgxae`oam`
Lntgrge`i
I`ptgtrae
Hacyeam`
E`jnt`ege
I`rj`o`znpam`
Nhrgcgmauo
Eahgi`am`
I`rjamgx`oam`
Nm`e`prae
Ont`prgtnrnmge
Ienmjutnrge
Nt`oacaeam`
Ont`igeam`
Iegmaham`
Nt`iramaig `iahg
Ontaxnmg
Irgogeym
Ntaemgrnpamncram`
Ontgx`oam`
Iaie`mhne`tg
Beaigparrge`tg
Ntgxacnm`oam`
Iyiraoam`
Bu`m`jnmz
Ontae`trgpam`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ontaeehgp`
Xnstge`itgm`
Ontge`zgm`
Xaogege
Oamgxahae
Xge`zgeam`
Ousi`ram`
Xraknxaecnmahae
Mncgp`o Mngstaboam`
Xraont`hagm` Xraont`c`m
Matrgbeainram`
Xrapnenmm`oam`
Mgrh`znp`o
[ae`zam`
Gx`znp`o Gxprnmgege V`p`vnram` p-kahrgxancnhram` V`r`ont`hagm` V`rbaeam` Vnmt`zgiam` Vnmtgxacaeam` Cnmgxajnmz`oam` Cnmtge`oam` CnmaAncram` Cnmaeprgp`mge`oam` Casgstaboam` Vamhgege Varnt`mah` Vr`zgsam Vraoahgm` Vrgi`am` Vrgi`tnrge Vrgiaieaham` Vrgo`zam` Vrgont`zam` Vrgp`mgege Vrgtglaege Vsnuhgncnhram` Varahgstaboam` Varae`oam` Zatghram`
Nsigpge`oam` Xnrjut`eamn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Yust`mia`s k`ee`h`s igm o`ygr crniunmia` IE@YN
`
j
i
h
Oncnmtnroam`
I`cnam`
Ienmjutnrge
Hapargm`
Cnmontr`zam`
Ncnhram`
p-kahrgxanpknhram`
V`r`int`oge
Igi`am`
Mgrncnhram`
Xngcaeam`
@int`maeah`
@ocnt`oam`
Juprnmgrcam`
Ha`znp`o
@ojrgxge
Maqunt`oah`
Jutgrc`mge
Gx`znp`o
Xngjrgoam`
Cnmt`maeg
Iegrha`znpgxahg
Eahgi`am`
Haiegcnm`ig
Vnogeam` Vnogeam`
M`ejucam`
Vsnuhg-ncnhram`
Ajuprgcnmg
@inprgo`zam` inprgo`zam`
Grcnm`hram`
Mgrh`znp`o
Ceumaxam`
Vrgi`am`
Jrgoknxam`
[ae`zam`
Ontgi`rj`oge Ontgi`rj`oge
3- I`r`itnrïstai`s c`ro`igiamátai`s y c`ro`ighamàoai`s hn e`s sust`mia`s k`ee`h`s igm o`ygr crniunmia`. 3.0 @mtaparátaigs `m`ebásaigs `mtaamce`o`tgrags.
3.0.0 Y`eaiae`tgs4 3.0.0.0 @iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai` c`ro`igeùbai`.. @iiaùm `m`ebásai`4 `m`ebásai`4 ncnitav` p`r` hgegrns hn i`ràitnr envn ` oghnr`hg hn iu`equanr grabnm. Yastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e4 inmtr`e4 @ hgsas nenv`h`s, pgsnn `iiaùm nstaoue`mtn, nm p`rtaiue`r sgjrn ne inmtrg rnspar`tgrag (`uonmtg hn e` crniunmia` y `opeatuh hn e` rnspar`iaùm). @iiaùm `mtaamce`o`tgra`4 `mtaamce`o`tgra`4 pgr amkajaiaùm hn e` iaieg-gxabnm`s` prghuin hasoamuiaùm hn e` amce`o`iaùm. Nm `mao`ens ns i`p`z hn amkajar tgt`e g p`ria`eonmtn egs prginsgs nxpnraonmt`ens `buhgs (nratno`, nhno`, nxuh`iaùm) y irùmaigs (br`muego`).
@iiaùm `mtaparátai`4 `mtaparátai`4 `itô` nm ne kapgtàe`og p`r` prghuiar `mtaparnsas, prghuianmhg e` párhah` hn i`egr pgr v`sghae`t`iaùm pnracárai`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
3.0.0.: C`ro`igiamátai`. Nm ne grb`masog, egs ástnrns hne àiahg s`eaiïeaig (@iahg @intae Y`eaiïeaig), nm p`rtn kahrgeaz`hgs nm ne amtnstamg, eg sgm tgt`eonmtn pgr nstnr`s`s pe`soàtai`s y tasue`rns, y e` igminmtr`iaùm s`mbuïmn` ns ouy j`d` ` e` kgr` y onha` hn ambnst`, oanmtr`s qun ne àiahg s`eaiïeaig eajrn pnro`mnin nm nee` nm `et` igminmtr`iaùm pgr oàs hn :8 kgr`s, y sn nxirnt` nm gram` nm o`ygr i`mtah`h qun sus ont`jgeatgs. E` nxirniaùm rnm`e, sn rn`eaz` pgr caetr`iaùm begonrue`r, rn`jsgriaùm y snirniaùm tujue`r. Hnpnmhn hne pK uram`rag (`uonmt` igm e` `ei`eamah`h< ` pK àiahg k`y amtnms` rn`jsgriaùm tujue`r).
3.0.: Mg s`eaiae`tgs. Var`zgegm`s4 Hapargm` (Ont`oazge, Mgv`ebam`) Cnmaejut`zgm` @oamgpa oamgparam` ram` g `o `oamgc amgcnm`z nm`zgm` gm` (pg (pgig ig us us`hg) `hg)
Hnrav`hgs hne p-`oamgcnmge 4 @int`ma int`maeah` eah` (nm hnsu hnsusg sg p pgr gr tù tùxai` xai`)) @int`oam int`oamgcnm gcnmg g (p (p`r`i `r`int`o nt`oge) ge)
Amhgens n Amh`zgens4 Amhgont`iam` Jnmiah`oam`
3.0.:.0 @iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@iiaùm `m`ebásai`4 `m`ebásai`4 saoae`r ` e`s hn egs s`eaiae`tgs. @iiaùm `mtaamce`o`tgra`4 `mtaamce`o`tgra`4 saoae`r ` e`s hn egs s`eaiïeaigs y ns su prgpanh`h cumh`onmt`e
3.0.:.: @jsgriaùm. @jsgriaùm. Xghgs sn `jsgrjnm pnrcnit`onmtn nm ne tr`itg b`strgamtnstam`e yy pgr vï` p`rnmtnr`e. E` `jsgriaùm hn cnmaejut`zgm` pgr vï` amtr`ousiue`r ns ouikg oàs enmt` qun e` jui`e, pgr cad`iaùm nm ne eub`r hn amyniiaùm.
3.0.9 Hastrajuiaùm.
Var`zgegm`s. @oamgparam`4 @oamgparam`4 V`s` ` s`mbrn y su paig oàxaog hn igminmtr`iaùm ns ` e`s hgs kgr`s i`ynmhg eunbg ` um` vnegiah`h hn 06 ’ 96% pgr kgr`. ^m 0>% sn igojam` igm prgtnïm`s pe`soàtai`s (vah` onha` 9 kgr`s). Cnmaejut`zgm`4 Cnmaejut`zgm`4 Vaig oàxaog hn igminmtr`iaùm pe`soàtai` ` e`s hgs kgr`s. E` i`ïh` ns ouy enmt` (:6% pgr hï`), vah` onha` 2: kgr`s. Xanmn ncnitg `iuoue`tavg. Yn igojam` um 1;% igm prgtnïm`s pe`soàtai`s (`ejôoam`).
Hnrav`hgs hne p-`oamgcnmge. @int`oamgcnmg4 Vaig oàxaog hn igminmtr`iaùm pe`soàtai` ` e`s : kgr`s. Sah` onha` 9-8 kgr`s.
Amhgens n amh`zgens4 Amhgont`iam`4 Vaig oàxaog hn igminmtr`iaùm pe`soàtai` ` e`s : kgr`s. Sah` onha` : kgr`s. Amhgont`iam`4 Jnmiah`oam`4 Mg ouy nstuha`hg. Jnmiah`oam`4
3.0.8 Ont`jgeasog y nxirniaùm. nxirniaùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Var`zgegm`s. @mtapara mtaparam` m` y hap hapargm argm` ` sn hns hnsonta ontae`m e`m cgro cgro`mh `mhg g 8-`o 8-`oamg` amg`mtap mtaparam aram` ` (e` iu`e igms igmsnrv` nrv` prgpanh`hns `mtaparátai`s y `m`ebásai`s)< eunbg sn `intae`m h`mhg 8 `intae `oamg`mtaparam` (amnrtn)< sn cgro` `hnoàs 8-kahrgxa`mtap 8-kahrgxa`mtaparam`. aram`. Xghgs nstgs prginsgs giurrnm nm ne kïb`hg, `p`rnianmhg egs ont`jeatgs nm gram`. E` 8-kahrgxa`mtaparam` sn igmdub` igm àiahg beuiurùmaig y suecôraig, `sï igog ne àiahg ruj`zùmaig (rgdg qun igegrn` e` gram`, hnrav`hg hn e` `oamgparam`). E` Cnmaejut`zgm` sn igmvanrtn nm gxacnmjut`zgm` y sn kahrgxae` nm e` i`hnm` e`tnr`e jutaeg nm pgsaiaùm ι. @ojgs ont`jgeatgs sgm enmtgs nm cgro`rsn, pgr nst`r e` hrgb` umah` ` prgtnïm`s pe`soàtai`s. Yn nxirnt`m nm gram` enmt`onmtn, nmigmtràmhgsn k`st` hnspuás hn 8 ` > hï`s hn um` sge` tgo`.
Hnrav`hgs hne p-`oamgcnmge. @int`oamgcnmg. @int`oamgcnmg. @p`rnin p`rnin nm e` gram gram` ` nm cgro cgro` ` eajr eajrn n nm um >% y igmd igmdub`h ub`hg g (igm àia àiahg hg suecô suecôraig raig y beuiurùmaig) inri` hne ;> %. E`s jagtr`mscgro`iagmns y nxirniaùm uram`ra` sgm ràpah`s y punhnm aop`rtar ` e` gram` um igegr `o`raeeg p`rhuzig. Amhgens n amh`zgens. amh`zgens.
Amhgont`iam`. Amhgont`iam`. Yucrn hnontae`iaùm y hn`iae`iaùm prghuianmhg hnontae-amhgont`iam` y hnontae-haiegrgjnmiaeamhgont`iam`, tghgs igojam`hgs igm `iahg beuiurùmaig. E`s jagtr`mscgro`iagmns sn rn`eaz`m nm ne kïb`hg y egs ont`jgeatgs sn nxirnt`m nm e` gram` y nm e` jaeas. Jnmzah`oam`. Jnmzah`oam`. @e p`rni p`rninr nr mg sucr sucrn n ma mambum mbum` ` tr` tr`mscgr mscgro`ia o`iaùm ùm y sn n nxirn xirnt` t` iigog gog t`e.
3.: @mnstásaigs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ne praonr `mnstásaig egi`e nopen`hg cun e` igi`ïm`. Puïoai`onmtn nst` ns e` jnmzgaeontaenibgmam`, ns hniar, um ástnr hn um àiahg `rgoàtaig (jnmzgaig) y um` j`sn matrgbnm`h` igm e` nstruitur` hn `oam` tnria`ra` (nibgmam`), umah`s pgr um` i`hnm` kahrgi`rjgm`h` (ontaenmg). (ontaenmg). Nst` nstruitur` cumh`onmt`e, àiahg `rgoàtaig-i`hnm` amtnronha``oam` tnria`ra`, ns e` rnspgms`jen hn e`s prgpanh`hns `mnstásai`s egi`ens. @ p`rtar hn nstn pramiapag, sn k`m samtntaz`hg br`m môonrg hn hrgb`s `mnstásai`s. @quï sn igmsahnr`4 Nstnrns `oïmaigs tnria`rags hne àiahg jnmzgaig4 jnmzgaig4 Igi`ïm`. Nstnrns `oïmaigs tnria`rags hne àiahg p`r`-`oamgjnmzgaig4 Vrgi`ïm` (mgvgi`ïm` (mgvgi`ïm`). ). Xntr`i`ïm` (p`mtgi`am (p`mtgi`am`). `). @oah`s4 Eahgi`ïm` ù eabmgi`ïm` (xaegi`ïm`). Vraegi`ïm`. Hajui`ïm` g iamigi`ïm`
3.:.0 @iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai`. 3.:.0.0 Yastno` mnrvagsg pnracáraig. Vrghuinm `mnstnsa` egi`e. Vunhn egbr`rsn pgr v`rags prginhaoanmtgs, nmtrn neegs amcaetr`iaùm g tùpai`. Ianrt`s cajr`s mnrvags`s sgm oàs susinptajens qun gtr`s ` e` `iiaùm hn egs `mnstásaigs egi`ens. Nm um mnrvag oaxtg, e`s cajr`s snmsatav`s sn jegqun`m `mtns qun e`s ogtgr`s. Hnmtrg hn e`s snmsatav`s, nxastn um grhnm nm egs ncnitgs hn haikgs càro`igs< nm bnmnr`e, praonrg sn jegqun`m egs aopuesgs hn e` snmsajaeah`h hgegrgs`, eunbg egs hn e` tnopnr`tur`, t`itg y prnsaùm. @ `et`s igminmtr`iagmns, sn jegqun`m egs aopuesgs ogtgrns. E`s hacnrnmia`s nmtrn haikgs ncnitgs, sgm iu`mtat`tav`s.
3.:.0.0 Yastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e. Egs `mnstásaigs egi`ens, um` vnz `jsgrjahgs, prghuinm cnmùonmgs hn nstaoue`iaùm snbuahgs hn hnprnsaùm inmtr`e y` sn` pgr `bgt`oanmtg hn egs inmtrgs mnrvagsgs igog pgr `iiaùm hn e`s
oaso`s hrgb`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nstnrns `oïmaigs tnria`rags hne àiahg jnmzgaig. Igi`ïm`. Yus `iiagmns nstaoue`mtns sn rn`eaz`m hnshn e` igrtnz` inrnjr`e ` e` oáhue` nspam`e. Vrgvgi` amquantuh y `itavah`h ogtgr` igmtamu` y iggrham`h` (`iiaùm igrtai`e) eunbg tnojegr, kapnrrncenxa`, igmvuesagmns tùmai`s y ieùmai`s (`iiaùm inrnjr`e y nspam`e) snbuah`s hn hnprnsaùm y ounrtn pgr p`ràeasas rnspar`tgra`. Nstnrns `oïmaigs tnria`rags hne àiahg p-`oamgjnmzgaig. Vrgi`ïm`. E` amyniiaùm sujiutàmn` y sgjrntghg e` amtr`vnmgs`, prghuin `m`ebnsa` sastáoai`. E` amyniiaùm amtr`vnmgs` enmt` ` `et`s hgsas, prgvgi` `mnstnsa` bnmnr`e. @oah`s. Eahgi`ïm` (xaegi`ïm`). Yus `iiagmns sgm snond`mtns ` egs hn e` prgi`ïm`, sanmhg crniunmtn um` `iiaùm snh`mtn igm hgsas mg ouy nenv`h`s.
3.:.0.: Yastno` i`rhagv`siue`r i`rhagv`siue`r . Nstnrns `oïmaigs tnria`rags hne àiahg jnmzgaig. Igi`ïm`. @ hgsas hgsas o onha` nha`m`s m`s ` `e `et`s, t`s, prgv prgvgi` gi` hnpr hnprnsaù nsaùm m y punh punhn n een eenb`r b`r ` p` p`rg rg ii`rhï `rhï`ig `ig
Nstnrns `oïmaigs tnria`rags hne àiahg p`r`-`oamgjnmzgaig. p`r`-`oamgjnmzgaig.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Vrgi`ïm` (mgvgi`am`). Yn igopgrt` igog hrgb` `mtacajrae`mtn y `mta`rrïtoai`. Ns i`p`z hn prgvgi`r hnprnsaùm i`rhï`i`. Nm v`sgs pgsnn `iiaùm v`sghae`t`hgr`. @oah`s. Eahgi`ïm` (xaegi`ïm`). Yus `iiagmns `mta`rrïtoai`s sgm snond`mtns ` egs hn e` prgi`ïm` pnrg Eahgi`ïm` ouy pgig hnprnsgr` y ouy pgig kapgtnmsgr`.
3.:.: C`ro`igiamá C`ro`igiamátai`. tai`. Mambôm `mnstásaig egi`e sn `jsgrjn nm pane amt`it`. Ya nstà ensagm`h` igm e` i`p` iùrmn` rnogvah`, e` `jsgriaùm sn prghuin t`mtg igm sgeuiaùm hn e`s s`ens igog igm pgo`h`s qun eenv`m j`sns eajrns g `mnstásaigs egi`ens pgig sgeujens, nm iuyg i`sg sn gjtanmn e` oàxao` igminmtr`iaùm s`mbuïmn` nm 3 ` 06 oamutgs. E` `jsgriaùm ` tr`vás hn ouigs`s ns ràpah` nm c`rambn, tràqun`, pueogmns, igmdumtav` y urntr` p`r` igi`ïm`, tntr`i`ïm` y eahgi`ïm`. V`r` prgi`ïm` sanoprn ns nsi`s`. Vgr ambnstaùm sn gjsnrv`m mavnens s`mbuïmngs ouy j`dgs. Vgr vï`s p`rnmtnr`ens, e` `jsgriaùm ns ràpah`. V`r` igi`ïm` ns oàs enmt` pgr e` v`sgigmstraiiaùm qun prghuin. ^m` vnz `jsgrjahgs p`s`m ` s`mbrn y sn hastrajuynm nm tghgs egs ùrb`mgs.
Nstnrns `oïmaigs tnria`rags hne àiahg jnmzgaig. Igi`ïm`. Ns ont`jgeaz`h` nspnia`eonmtn nm kïb`hg y sn nxirnt` ràpah`onmtn (nm onmgs hn :8 ks.) pgr raðùm, p`rtn nm nst`hg eajrn y e` o`ygr p`rtn igog ont`jgeatgs. Nstnrns `oïmaigs tnria`rags hne àiahg p`r`-`oamgjnmzgaig. Vrgi`ïm` (mgvgi`ïm`).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ns kahrgeaz`h` ràpah`onmtn pgr e` psnuhgigeamnstnr`s`. Yn hnshgje` nm p`oamgjnmzgaig y hantae`oamgnt`mge y nstgs ont`jgeatgs sgm nxirnt`hgs pgr raðùm. @oah`s. @oah`s. Eahgi`ïm` (xaegi`ïm`). E` jagtr`mscgro`iaùm sn prghuin nm kïb`hg (gxah`iaùm, kahrùeasas y suecgigmdub`iaùm). Xghgs egs ont`jgeatgs ont`jgeatgs sn nxirnt`m pgr gram`.
3.9 Hrgb`s tr`mquaeaz`mtns. Mnurgeáptaigs (tr`mquaeaz`mtns o`ygrns)4 Cnmgta`zam`s y `màegbgs Jutacnrgm`s @ei`egah ei`egahns ns hn e` Z Z`uwg `uwgeca` eca` @mas`oa mas`oah`s h`s @msageïtaigs (tr`mquaeaz`mtns onmgrns)4 Jnmzgha`znpam`s Vrgp`mghagens Hajnmzgjaiaieggit`hanmgs
3.9.0 @iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai`. 3.9.0.0 Mnurgeáptaigs (tr`mquaeaz`mtns o`ygrns). Cnmgta`zam`s y sus hnrav`hgs (tghgs samtátaigs)4 Nstn brupg sn igoprnmhn hn um brupg c`ro`igeùbaig ouy `opeag. Ygm `oam`s tnria`ra`s (j`sns cunrtns). Yn tgo` igog nstàmh`r g prgtgtapg ` e` iegrprgo`zam`.
@ mavne mavne hne Yast Yastno` no` Mnrv Mnrvagsg agsg Inm Inmtr`e tr`e ndnr ndnrinm inm um` `iia `iiaùm ùm tr`m tr`mqua quaeaz` eaz`mtn mtn mnur mnurgeáp geáptai` tai`.. Yn prghuin um nst`hg hn quantuh, igm hasoamuiaùm hn e` `itavah`h ogtgr` nspgmtàmn` n
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
amnria`. Igm hgsas pnqunð`s g onha`m`s mg sn eenb` `e sunðg. Ne `mao`e panrhn `brnsavah`h n amtnrás pgr ne `ojanmtn. @ hgsas nenv`h`s punhn prghuiar e` ounrtn pgr p`ràeasas rnspar`tgra`. E` iegprgo`zam` mg ns `m`ebásai` hn pgr sï, pnrg ns i`p`z hn `uonmt`r ne ncnitg hn hrgb`s qun eg prghuinm (ogrcam`, onpnraham`, @@Y nti.) `uonmt`mhg hur`iaùm y pgtnmia`. @ mavne hne Yastno` Mnrvagsg @utùmgog `mue` n amvanrtn egs ncnitgs kapnrtnmsgrns hn e` `hrnm`eam` (`iiaùm jegqun`mtn ΰ `hrnmárbai`) prghuianmhg t`quai`rha` sniumh`ra` ` e` i`ïh` hn prnsaùm. Jutacnrgm`s. Ygm igopunstgs samtátaigs. Egs pramiap`ens sgm ne k`egpnrahge, tracupnrahge y hrgpnrahge. Yu `itavah`h ns snond`mtn ` e`s cnmgta`zam`s c nmgta`zam`s,, `umqun oàs pgtnmtn.
@ei`egahns hn e` Z`uwgeca`4. Ygm hrgb`s kapgtnmsgr`s. E` oàs aopgrt`mtn ns e` rnsnrpam`. @ mavne hne Yastno` Mnrvagsg Inmtr`e prgvgi` um nst`hg hn tr`mquaeaz`iaùm, quantuh y i`eo`. E`s `iiagmns nm bnmnr`e sgm saoae`rns ` e`s cnmgta`zam`s.
@mas`oah`s. Ne pramiap`e rnprnsnmt`mtn ns e` sueparah` (samtátaig). Egs ncnitgs sgm saoae`rns ` e`s cnmgta`zam`s pnrg hn onmgr pgtnmia`.
3.9.0.: Xr`mquaeaz`mtns onmgrns g `msageïtaigs. Jnmzgha`znpam`s. Egs hnrav`hgs pramiap`ens tghgs (samtátaigs) sgm4 iegrha`znpùxahg, ha`znp`m, gx`znp`m, onh`znp`m, egr`znp`m, iegr`znp`tg. E`s jnmzgha`znpam`s nm ne i`j`eeg punhnm `itu`r igog hrgb`s nstaoue`mtns ù hnprnsgr`s, hnpnmhanmhg hne tnopnr`onmtg hne nquamg y hn e` hgsas hn tr`mquaeaz`mtn `hoamastr`hg. Ygjrn ne oôsiueg nsquneátaig `itô` igog
rne`d`mtn ousiue`rns, hasoamuynmhg e` nsp`staiah`h ousiue`r sniumh`ra` ` tr`uo` g amce`o`iaùm. Nm ne sastno` rnspar`tgrag i`rhagv`siue`r punhnm prghuiar hnprnsaùm rnspar`tgra`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
n kapgtnmsaù. @ôm iu`mhg sgm igmsahnr`h`s hrgb`s snbur`s punhnm prghuiar p`rg i`rhagrnspar`tgrag i`rhagrnspar` tgrag iu`mhg sn `sgia`m `e `eigkge ntïeaig.
Vrgp`mghagens. Ygm rne`d`mtns ousiue`rns y tr`mquaeaz tr`mquaeaz`mtns. `mtns. E` hrgb` tapg ns ne onprgj`o`tgigm pgtnmtns ncnitgs hnprnsgrns inmtr`ens. @ mavne hne Yastno` Mnrvagsg Inmtr`e, prghuin hasoamuiaùm hn e` `itavah`h ogtgr` pnro pnroatanmhg atanmhg ne càiae o`mn o`mndg dg hne `mao`e igm párha párhah` h` hne tnogr. @ hacnrnmia` hn cnmgta`zam`s y rnsnrpam`, ne `mao`e mg ounstr` amhacnrnmia` samg qun iggpnr`. Igm hgsas nenv`h`s punhn eenb`r ` p`ràeasas ceàiiah`.
Hajnmzgjaiaieggit`hanmgs. Ygm igopunstgs samtátaigs, sanmhg ne nxpgmnmtn pramiap`e e` jnmzgit`oam`. Ygm `bnmtns tr`mquaeaz`mtns. tr`mquaeaz`mtns. @ mavne hne Yastno` Mnrvagsg Inmtr` pgsnn `iiaùm tr`mquaeaz`mtn igm rnhuiiaùm hn e` `itavah`h ogtgr` y sgjrn tghg hn `brnsavah`h. E` jnmzgit`oam` pgsnn t`ojaám `iiaùm rne`d`mtn ousiue`r.
3.9.: C`ro`igiamátai`. Mnurgeáptaigs (tr`mquaeaz`mtns o`ygrns). E`s cnmgta`zam`s sn `jsgrjnm càiaeonmtn pgr vï` gr`e, rnit`e y p`r`mtnr`e. V`s`m ` s`mbrn y ` tghgs egs tndahgs igm oàxao` igminmtr`iaùm nm pueoùm, kïb`hg y inrnjrg. Yn `iuoue`m nm pneg. E`s vï`s ont`jùeai`s sgm iu`trg< kahrgxae`iaùm, hnontae`iaùm, gxah`iaùm y igmdub`iaùm (igog beuiurùmahgs nspnia`eonmtn). Ygm nxirnt`hgs pramiap`eonmtn pgr gram` y jaeas, nspnia`eonmtn beuiurùmahgs (>% suecùxahgs y hnrav`hgs y >% eajrn). E` nxirniaùm uram`ra` igmtamô` ouikg tanopg hnspôns hn supraoar su `hoamastr`iaùm (k`st` 3 onsns) pnrg sn tr`t` hn ont`jgeatgs pgig `itavgs, pgr eg qun egs
ncnitgs hur`m `pnm`s um`s 3 kgr`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E`s jutacnrgm`s sn `jsgrjnm ràpah` y igopent`onmtn pgr tgh`s e`s vï`s. Vràitai`onmtn mg sn ont`jgeaz`m nm ne grb`masog y sn nxirnt`m pgr jaeas y nspnia`eonmtn pgr raðùm (`p`rninm nm gram` ` e`s hgs kgr`s y k`st` :; hï`s hnspôns).
Xr`mquaeaz`mtns onmgrns g `msageïtaigs. Yn `jsgrjnm igm c`iaeah`h pgr tgh`s e`s vï`s. Yu igminmtr`ia igminmtr`iaùm ùm nm s`mbrn eenb` `e oàxaog ` e`s : - 9 kgr`s y hns`p`rnin ` eg egss 9 - 8 hï`s. E` jagtr`mscgro`iaùm jagtr`mscgro`iaùm v`rï` p`r` e`s hastamt`s jnmzgha`z jnmzgha`znpam`s. npam`s. Iegrha`znpùxahg4 sucrn hgs gxah`xagmns suinsav`s, prgj`jenonmtn nm ne kïb`hg, Iegrha`znpùxahg4 p`r` tr`mscgro`rsn nm um hnrav`hg e`itàoaig y nm um `oamgàiahg c`ro`igeùbai`onmtn am`itavgs. Ha`znp`m y onh`znp`m Ha`znp`m onh`znp`m sucrnm prginsgs prginsgs hn hnontae`iaù hnontae`iaùm m y gxa gxah`iaùm h`iaùm pgr hgs i`oamgs hacnrnmtns, ne snbumhg h` ha`znp`m y `ojgs eenb`m ` gx`znp`m y egr`znp`m, sn igmdub`m igm àiahg beuiurùmaig, pramiap`e tr`mscgro`iaùm hn ns`s hrgb`s. E`s hrgb`s y su ont`jgeatgs ont`jgeatgs sn nxirnt`m nm su o`ygr p`rtn nm e` gram gram` ` (26 - 16%) y ne rnstg nm e`s knins. Nst` nxirniaùm mg ns ouy ràpah` y nm s`mbrn e` vah` onha` ns hn `prgxao`h`onmtn `prgxao`h`on mtn >: kgr`s. E` prnsnmia` hn rut`s hn ont`jgeaz`iaù ont`jgeaz`iaùm m amtnrigmnit`h`s. Onprgjr`o`tg44 sn `jsgrjn igm c`iaeah`h iu`mhg sn `hoamastr` pgr vï` jui`e, Onprgjr`o`tg rnit`e y p`rnmtnr`e. E` `jsgriaùm b`strgamtnstam`e ns ouy igopent`. E` igminmtr`iaùm s`mbuïmn` oàxao` sn gjsnrv` ` e`s : kgr`s y hnieam` enmt`onmtn. Yn hastrajuyn ` tghgs egs ùrb`mgs nm nspnia`e nspnia`e nm kïb`hg, raðù raðùm m y pueoùm. Nm ne grb`masog e` jagtr`mscgro` jagtr`mscgro`iaùm iaùm oàs aopgrt`mtn igmsastn nm e` gxah`iaùm qun sn rn`eaz` ` mavne hn e` i`hnm` e`tnr`e ontaeg y nm e` i`hnm` prgpaeg, igm cgro`iaùm hn egs `eigkgens rnspnitavgs, pràitai`onmtn am`itavgs. Egs ont`jgeatgs `sï igog ne onprgj`o`tg sn igmdub`m igm ne àiahg beuiurùmaig y sgm nxirnt`hgs pgr raðgm (06 % igog onprgj`o`tg eajrn). E` nxirniaùm uram`ra` igoanmz` hnmtrg hn egs 96 oamutgs hn ambnrah` e` hrgb`, eenb`mhg ` um oàxaog ` e`s : kgr`s p`r` tnroam`r ` e`s :8 kgr`s. E` vah` onha` ns hn 00 kgr`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Hajnmzgjaiaieggit`hanmgs. E` jnmzgit`oam` sn `jsgrjn janm pgr tgh`s e`s vï`s amieuah` e` habnstav` y p`rnmtnr`e. Yu hnstamg y nxirniaùm mg ns ouy janm nstuha`hg.
3.8 Jrgmighae`t`hgrns. Ygm hrgb`s i`p`ins hn rne`d`r e` ousiue`tur` eas` hn egs jrgmquïgegs nms`mik`mhg `sï su euz. Hrgb`s `hrnmárbai`s saop`taigoaoátai`s saop`taigoaoátai`s44 i`tnige`oam`s y cnmae`oam`s cnmae`oam`s44 @hrnm`eam` (npamncram`)4 (npamncram`)4 pramiapag `itavg pramiap`e hn e` oáhue` supr`rrnm`e. Yn nxtr`n hn e` beàmhue` supr`rrnm`e jgvam` g pgr sïmtnsas (ást` ns pur`). Mgr`hrnm`eam` (mgrnpamncram`)4 pramiap`e tr`soasgr quïoaig saopàtaig. Nxastn nm e`s supr`rrnm`enss nm pnqunð`s i`mtah`hn supr`rrnm`en i`mtah`hns. s. Yn gjtanmn pgr sïmtnsas. Asgprgtnrnmge, asgnt`ram`, s`ejut`oge, ienmjutnrge, griaprnm`eam`, tnrjut`eam`. Xgh`s hn grabnm samtátaig. Hrgb`s `mtaigeamnrbai`s g p`r`saop`taigeïtai`s4 @ei`egahns hn hn e`s sge`màin sge`màin`s. `s. @trgpam`. Jrgighae`t`hgrns ousiuegtrùpaigs4 ousiuegtrùpaigs4 [`mtam`s, nspnia`eonmtn e` tngcaeam`.
3.8.0 @iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai`. E`s i`tnige`oam`s rnprnsnmt`m e`s hrgb`s `hrnmárbai`s saop`taigoaoátai`s pgr nxinenmia`.
3.8.0.: Yastno` i`rhagv`siue`r i`rhagv`siue`r44
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` `hrnm`eam` `uonmt` t`mtg e` prnsaùm sastùeai` igog e` ha`stùeai` (oàs e` praonr`) pgr eg t`mtg e` prnsaùm prnsaùm hacnrnmia`e hacnrnmia`e `uonmt`. Nstg sn hn hnjn jn ` e` v`sgigms v`sgigmstraiiaùm traiiaùm hn e`s `rtnrage`s (nspeàimai` y iutàmn`) y ` e` nstaoue`iaùm i`rhï`i`. Egs ncnitgs prnsgrns sgm cub`ins (`prgxao`h (`prgxao`h`onmtn `onmtn 9 oamutgs) hnjahg ` i`pt`iaùm ràpa ràpah` h` n am`itav`iaùm hn e` hrgb`. Ns um pgtnmtn nstaoue`mtn i`rhï`ig pgr `iiaùm harnit` sgjrn ne oagi`rhag. Vrghuin `uonmtg hn e` cunrz` hn igmtr`iiaùm sastùeai` y hn e` crniunmia` i`rhï`i`. Mgr`hrnm`eam`4 ` iiagmns saoae`rns ` e` `hrnm`eam`. Mgr`hrnm`eam`4 Asgprgtnrnmge y hnrav`hgs4 hnrav`hgs4 prghuinm nsnmia`eonmtn ncnitgs jnt` y ouy pgigs g mambumg `ec`. Vrgvgi` hnsinmsg hnsinmsg nm e` p prnsaùm rnsaùm `rtnra`e pgr v`sghae` v`sghae`t`iaùm t`iaùm nm tghgs egs tn tnrratgrags rratgrags (amieusg oôsiueg). oôsiueg). Vrghu Vrghuin in nstaoue`ia nstaoue`iaùm ùm i`rhï`i`. Asgnt`ram` y s`ejut`oge4 s`ejut`oge4 pgsnnm pgi` `iiaùm nstaoue`mtn i`rhï`i` y t`quai`rhaz`mtn ` pns`r hn pgsnnr `iiaùm v`sghae`t`hg v`sghae`t`hgr` r` pnracárai`. Griaprnm`eam` y hnrav`hgs4 hnrav`hgs4a hno ` asgprgtnrnmg asgprgtnrnmge.e. Xnrjut`eam`4 n m cgro` saoae`r ` s`ejut`oge. Xnrjut`eam`4 Ienmjutnrge4 nstaoue`mtn snenitavg hn egs rninptgrns jnt`-:. Nm ne sastno` i`rhagv`siue`r4 Ienmjutnrge4 prgvgi` hnsinmsg hn e` prnsaùm `rtnra`e pgr hasoamuiaùm hn e` rnsastnmia` pnracárai` igog igmsniunmia` igmsniunmia ` hn v`sghae`t`iaù v`sghae`t`iaùm m nm tghgs egs ùrb`mgs, amieusavn ne oôsiueg. K` sahg utaeaz`hg igog psnuhg `m`jùeaig nm `mao`ens. Xgxaiah`h4 sn hnsirajanrgm sïmtgo`s igog suhgr`iaùm, t`quai`rha` y nxiat`iaùm eunbg hn e` `hoamastr`iaùm nmhgvnmgs`.
3.8.0.9 Yastno` rnspar`tgrag. @hrnm`eam`4 pgr amyniiaùm enmt` `uonmt` hn crniunmia` y `opeatuh rnspar`tgra` pgr @hrnm`eam`4 nstaoue`iaùm hne inmtrg rnspar`tgrag.
Mgr`hrnm`eam`4 onmgs pgtnmtn qun `hrnm`eam`. Mgr`hrnm`eam`4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Asgprgtnrge y hnrav`hgs4 hnrav`hgs4 asgprgtnrnmge, asgnt`ram` y s`ejut`oge pgsnnm um` prgoamnmtn `iiaùm rne`d`hgr` hn e` ousiue`tur` jrgmqua`e. Giaprnm`eam` y tnrjut`eam`4 tnrjut`eam`4 `iiagmns jrgmighae`t`hgr` onmgrns qun asgprgtnrnmge. Ienmjutnrge4 pgsnn `iiaùm rne`d`mtn hn e` ousiue`tur` jrgmqua`e y jrgmquage`r y `yuh` ` e` Ienmjutnrge4 eaopanz` hne ouius hn egs pueogmns (snirntgeïtaig), rnhuianmhg e` tgs y prnvamanmhg e` eajnr`iaùm hn onha`hgrns hn e` amce`o`iaùm amce`o`iaùm.. Grcnm`hram`4 ns um `bnmtn Grcnm`hram`4
`mtaigeamárbai `mtaigeamárbaig g `mtap`rl `mtap`rlamsgma`mg amsgma`mg samtátaig h hnrav`hg nrav`hg hn e`
nt`mge`oam`. Vgsnn `iiaùm nstaoue`mtn hne Yastno` Mnrvagsg Inmtr`e, nm cgro` snond`mtn ` e` `trgpam` (punhn prghuiar `uonmtg hn `itavah`h ogtgr`< nm hgsas nenv`h`s, punhn eenb`r ` igo` y ounrtn pgr p`ràeasas rnspar`tgra`). Ns rne`d`mtn ousiue`r hn `iiaùm inmtr`e sam `cnit`r e` i`p`iah`h hn igmtr`iiaùm. Vgsnn ncnitgs snh`tavgs. X`ojaám ndnrin um` `iiaùm `mtaigeamárbai` pnracárai` pnracárai`,, puhanmhg nm hgsas nenv`h`s, amkajar egs ncnitgs hn e` nstaoue`iaùm hne v`bg y hn e` `intaeigeam` ` mavne hne igr`zùm eenv`mhg ` jr`hai`rha` y p`rg i`rhï`ig.
3.>- Nstaoue`mtns i`rhï`igs y rnspar`tgrags. rnspar`tgrags. I`rhagtùmaigs.. I`rhagtùmaigs Beuiùsahgs i`rhagtùmaigs g habat`ens4 habat`ens4 Yn nmiunmtr`m nm havnrsgs vnbnt`ens, sanmhg egs oàs aopgrt`mtns e` habat`e, ne nstrgc`mtg y e` nsiaea`. Habat`e4 igmtanmn 0 % hn beuiùsahgs i`rhatùmaigs4 Habatgxam` g habat`eam` irast`eaz`h`. Batgxam` Habgxam` Nstrgc`mtg4
Nstrgc`mtaham` Gu`j`bnmam`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nsiaea` Nsiae`rnmam`
3.>.0 @iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai`. Ns iu`mtat`tav`onmtn e` oaso` p`r` tghgs. Yn ndnrin cumh`onmt`eonmtn sgjrn ne oôsiueg i`rhï`ig. i`rhï`ig. @uonmt`m e` cunr cunrz` z` hn igmtr`iiaùm (amgtrgpasog (amgtrgpasog pgsa pgsatavg) tavg) y e` prnsaùm `rtnra`e. Hasoamuynm e` crniunmia` i`rhï`i` (irgmgtrgpasog mnb`tavg) y e` vat`eah`h (j`togtrgpasog pgsatavg).
3.>.: C`ro`igiamátai`. E` `jsgriaùm hacanrn hacanrn nmtrn egs hastamtgs beuiù beuiùsahgs4 sahgs4 Habat`e4 egs beuiùsahgs hn e` habat`e sn `jsgrjnm nsnmia`eonmtn nm amtnstamg hneb`hg. Habat`e4 Nstrgc`mtg y nsiaea`4 nsiaea`4 sn `jsgrjnm ouikg onmgs hnjahg ` e` pgi` eapgsgeujueah`h hn sus beuiùsahgs. ^m` vnz `jsgrjahgs, `jsgrjahgs, p`s`m ` s`mbrn y sn cad`m ` prg prgtnïm`s tnïm`s (`ejôoam` (`ejôoam`), ), y eunbg nm ne oôsiueg i`rhï`ig, `hnoàs hn gtrgs tndahgs. E` cad`iaùm ns ouikg o`ygr p`r` e` habatgxam` qun p`r` `e rnstg. E` cad`iaùm `e igr`zùm ns harnit`onmtn prgpgriagm`e ` e` eapgsgeujaeah`h. Yn ont`jgeaz`m p`ria`eonmtn nm ne grb`masog nspnia`eonmtn nm kïb`hg. E` nxirniaùm sn rn`eaz` pramiap`eonmtn pgr raðùm, pgr caetr`iaùm begonrue`r y rn`jsgriaùm tujue`r sanmhg nst` ôetao` nxtnms` p`r` habatgxam` (eapgsgeujen). X`ojaám giurrn ianrt` nxirniaùm jaea`r p`r` egs hgs praonrgs, qun sn rn`jsgrjnm nm amtnstamg, y `ebg sn panrhn pgr knins. Habatgxam`4 ns ont`jgeaz`h` p`ria`eonmtn nm kïb`hg. E` hrgb` y sus ont`jgeatgs Habatgxam`4 (habgxam`, pnqunð`s pgriagmns hn habatgxabnmam`, habgxabnmam`, habatgxgs` y gtrgs) sgm nxirnt`hgs pgr gram` y pgr jaeas `e amtnstamg hgmhn sn rn`jsgrjnm (iariue`iaùm nmtnrgknpàtai`). Nm nst` cgro` sn nxirnt` `prgxao`h`onmtn um ;6 % hn e` hgsas y ne rnstg pgr e`s knins. E` nxirniaùm ns ràpah` nm e`s praonr`s 8; kgr`s, pnrg igmtamô` pgr ouikg tanopg, puhanmhg k`ee`rsn pnqunð`s i`mtah`hns nm gram` k`st` >6 hï`s hnspuás hn um`
hgsas.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
3.3 Nstaoue`mtns hne sastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e. 3.3.0 [`mtam`s. Nstn brupg igmsastn jàsai`onmtn hn trns igopunstgs nop`rnmt`hgs, e`s ontaex`mtam`s4 Xngcaeam` I`cnïm` Xngjrgoam`
3.3.0.0 @iiaùm c`ro`igeùbai`. traontaex`mtam`). ). I`cnïm`4 (0,9,2 traontaex`mtam` Yastno` i`rhagv`siue`r. Vrghuin nenv`iaùm hn e` prnsaùm `rtnra`e y v`sghae`t`iaùm igm `uonmtg hne i`uh`e s`mbuïmng igrgm`rag. Nm igminmtr`iagmns j`d`s prghuin hasoamuiaùm ouy envn hn e` crniunmia` crniunmia ` i`rhï`i`, y nm `et`s h` t`quai`rha t`quai`rha`. `. Nm nquamgs ondgr` e` pnrcgro`min hn i`rrnr`. X`ojaám `uonmt` e` crniunmia` hn `rratoa`s i`rhï`i`s. Yastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e. Ns igmsahnr`h` e` x`mtam` oàs pgtnmtn igog nstaoue`mtn hne YMI ` tr`vás hn e` eajnr`iaùm hn mgrnpamncram`. mgrnpamncram`. @u @uonmt` onmt` e` i`p`iah`h og ogtgr`. tgr`. Igmtr`rrnst` k`st` ia ianrtg nrtg pumtg e` `iiaùm hn hrgb`s hnprnsgr`s inmtr`ens igog ne `eigkge ntïeaig. Yastno` rnspar`tgrag. rnspar`tgrag. Vgsnn `iiaùm `iiaùm rne`d` rne`d`mtn mtn jrgmighae`t`hgr`.
hn e` o ousiue`tur` usiue`tur` eas` hn egs jrgmq jrgmquagegs uagegs igm `iiaùm
Yastno` nsquneátaig4.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Vrghuin `uonmtg hn e` igmtr`iiaùm ousiue`r, hasoamuynm hasoamuynmhg hg e` c`tab`. Xgxaiah`h4 amieuyn amquantuh, nxiat`iaùm, tnojegrns k`st` eenb`r ` igmvuesagmns. X`ojaám t`quai`rha`, t`quapmn` y nxtr`sïstgens. haontaex`mtam`). `). Xngcaeam`4 (0,9 haontaex`mtam Yastno` i`rhagv`siue`r4 i`rhagv`siue`r4 Ns nstaoue`mtn i`rhï`ig `uonmt`mhg cunrz` y crniunmia` pgr `iiaùm v`b`e, igm hgsas ouy `et`s punhn eenb`r `e p`rg i`rhï`ig. Vrgvgi` v`sghae`t`iaùm igrgm`ra`.
Yastno` rnspar`tgrag4 rnspar`tgrag4 Ns e` x`mtam` oàs ncai`z nm e` rne`d`iaùm hne oôsiueg easg. @itô` ` mavne hn inmtrgs juej`rns prghuianmhg prghuianmhg `uonmtg hn vgeuonm y crniunmia` rnspar`tgra`.
Yastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e4 inmtr`e4 Hn tgh`s e`s x`mtam`s, ns e` qun prghuin nstaoue`iaùm oàs prgcumh` y pneabrgs`, `itu`mhg ` mavne hn igrtnz`, `uonmt`mhg e` `itavah`h ogtgr` nspgmtàmn`, prghuianmhg nxiat`iaùm. @ mavne juej`r nstaoue` ne inmtrg rnspar`tgrag, v`sgogtgr y v`b`e. Yastno` uram`rag4 uram`rag4` itô` igog haurátaig. Oôsiueg nsquneátaig4 nsquneátaig4 Ondgr` e` i`p`iah`h cumiagm`e hne oôsiueg, k`ianmhg oàs pgtnmtn e` igmtr`iiaùm oanmtr`s hasoamuyn hasoamuyn e` c`tab c`tab`, `, cumh`onmt` cumh`onmt`eonmtn eonmtn pgr ns nstaoue`iaùm taoue`iaùm h hne ne YMI. @uonm @uonmt` t` e` igmtr`itaeah`h hne ha`cr`bo` igmtrajuynmhg ` hasoamuar ne tr`j`dg t r`j`dg rnspar`tgrag.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Amtgxai`iaùm4 ` hgsas nenv`h`s prghuin t`quai`rha`, nxtr`sïstgens, amquantuh, nxiat`iaùm, tnojegrns, kapnrrncenxa`, y puhanmhg eenb`r ` igmvuesagmn igmvuesagmnss tùmaig-ieùmai`s.
Xngjrgoam`4 (9,2-haontaex`m (9,2-haontaex`mtam`). tam`). Yastno` i`rhagv`siue`r4 i`rhagv`siue`r4` itô` igog um hájae nstaoue`mtn i`rhï`ig. Yastno` rnspar`tgrag4 rnspar`tgrag4 ns nstaoue`mtn hn inmtrgs rnspar`tgrags juej`rns. Zne`d` e` ousiue`tur` eas` hn egs jrgmquags. Yastno` uram`rag4 uram`rag4p ramiap`e `iiaùm, `itu`mhg igog haurátaig. Yastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e4 inmtr`e4p ràitai`onmtn am`itav` igog nstaoue`mtn hne YMI.
3.3.0.: C`ro`igiamátai`. Yn `jsgrjnm iu`mhg sn `hoamastr`m pgr tgh`s e`s vï`s (jui`e, rnit`e, amtr`ousiue`r, nti) Igm rnspnitg ` e` `jsgriaùm habnstav`, e`s x`mtam`s eajnr`h`s ` mavne hne nstùo`bg, sn igopgrt`m igog j`sns suo`onmtn hájaens. (pL` 6,2 p`r` tngcaeam` y 6,; p`r` i`cnïm`) pgr eg iu`e sn nmiunmtr`m p`ria`eonmtn agmaz`h`s y sn `jsgrjnm p`ria`eonmtn (sùeg e` p`rtn mg agmaz`h`). ^m` vnz `jsgrjah`s sn hastrajuynm pgr tghgs egs ùrb`mgs sucranmhg eunbg jagtr`mscgro`iaùm, sgjrn tghg nm kïb`hg. Yn hnontae`m y gxah`m p`ria`eonmtn. Xghgs egs ont`jgeatgs sgm nxirnt`hgs pgr raðùm, dumtg igm um 06 % hn x`mtam`s mg tr`mscgro`h`s.
3.3.: Igopunstgs papnrahïmaigs. Ygm hn grabnm samtátaig y hnrav`hgs hn e` papnraham`. Nmtrn neegs sn nmiunmtr`m ne ontaecnmah`tg, um nstaoue`mtn hne YMI ` prnhgoamag igrtai`e, saoae`r ` e`s `oam`s hnspnrt`hgr`ss y ` e` i`cnïm`. hnspnrt`hgr` Yn `jsgrjn janm iu`mhg sn `hoamastr` pgr vï` jui`e g p`rnmt`e. Yn hnsontae` nm ne grb`masog y sn neaoam` pgr ne raðùm nm :8 ks. igog hrgb` y su ont`jgeatg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
3.3.9 @oam`s hnspnrt`hgr`s g psaigtùmai`s. Cnmae-asgprgpae`oam`s
y
hnrav`hgs.
Ygm
tgh`s
hn
grabnm
samtátaig.
E`s
cnmaeasgprgpae`oam`s igmstatuynm e` nstruitur` cumh`onmt`e hn nst`s `oam`s. Ne igopunstg o`hrn hn nst` c`oaea` ns e` `mcnt`oam` g jnminhram`. Gtrgs hnrav`hgs4 Ont`mcnt`oam` g hnsgxancnhra hnsgxancnhram` m` Ncnhram` Cnmtnroam` Iegrcnmtnroam` Oncnmgrnx Cnmmontr`zam`
3.3.9.0 @iiagm c`ro`igeùbai` bnmnr`e. Yastno` Mnrvagsg Inmtr`e4 Inmtr`e4 K`y `uonmtg hn e` `itavah`h ogtgr`, amquantuh, tnojegrns n amsgomag. X`ojaám sgm nstaoue`hgs egs inmtrgs juej`rns, nspnia`eonmtn ne inmtrg rnspar`tgrag (`uonmtg hn `opeatuh y ccrniunmia` rniunmia` rnspar`tgra`). Yastno` i`rhagv`siue`r4 i`rhagv`siue`r4 Vrghuinm rnspunst` hnrav`h` hn e` `itavah`h sgjrn rninptgrns ΰ (v`sgigmstraiiaùm) y
κ (nstaoue`iaùm i`rhï`i`). Vrgvgi`m `uonmtg hn e` crniunmia` y cunrz` hn igmtr`iiagm i`rhï`i`, y nenv`iaùm hn e` prnsagm `rtnra`e. E`s hn o`ygr pgtnmia` sgm e` `mcnt`oam` y ont`mcnt`oam`.
Ncnhram`4 @ei`egahn m`tur`e nmigmtr`hg nmigmtr`hg nm pe`mt`s hne bámnrg Npknhr`. X`ojaám sn gjtanmn pgr sïmtnsas. Vrgvgi` nstaoue`iaùm (ncnitg κ) -`iiagmns amgtrùpai`s, irgmgtrùpai` y j`togtrùpai`
pgsatav`s sgjrn ne igr`zùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
S`sgs s`mbuïmngs4 s`mbuïmngs4p rghuinm nenv`iaùm hn prnsaùm `rtnra`e, onmgs pgtnmtn pnrg o`s hur`hnrg qun `hrnm`eam`, pgr su nst`jaeah`h. @uonmt` e` igmtr`itaeah`h igmtr`itaeah`h hne oô oôsiueg siueg nsqune nsquneátaig. átaig. Yastno` rnspar`tgrag4 rnspar`tgrag4 nstaoue` ne inmtrg rnspar`tgrag `ôm iu`mhg sn nmiunmtrn hnpraoahg pgr ogrcam` g j`rjatôraigs. Zne`d` e` ousiue`tur` jrgmqua`e, jrgmqua`e, prghuianmhg um ncnitg `mtansp`soùhaig, `mtansp`soùh aig, eg iu`e `eava` e` hasmn`. Xgxaiah`h4 Nm nquamgs pgsnn ncnitgs nstaoue`mtns nm e` pnrcgro`min pnrg onmgs o`ri`hg qun e` i`cnïm`, n amhuin `rratoa`s i`rhï`i`s. Vrghuin `uonmtg hn e` crniunmia` rnspar`tgra` nm rnpgsg n amquantuh, tgrm`mhg `e nquamg amo`mnd`jen.
@mcnt`oam` y ont`mcnt`oam`. Yastno` i`rhagv`siue`r4 i`rhagv`siue`r4 prgvgi` nenv`iagm prgegmb`h` hn e` prnsaùm `rtnra`e pgr nstaoue`iagm i`rhï`i` y v`sgigmstraiiaù v`sgigmstraiiaùm m pnracárai`. Yastno` rnspar`tgrag4 rnspar`tgrag4 `màegbg ` ncnhram`, nstaoue nstaoue`m `m ne inmtrg rnspar`tgrag rnspar`tgrag..
3.3.9.8 C`ro`igiamátai`. Yn `jsgrjnm pnrcnit`onmtn nm ne tr`itg b`strgamtnstam`e y pgr vï` p`rnmt`e. Yn nxirnt`m nm e` gram` nm cgro` mg oghacai`h` y igog ont`jgeatgs hnontae`hgs g hns`oam`hgs. Ncnhram`4 sucrn nm ne grb`masog um` M-hnontae`iaùm p`ria`e tr`mscgroàmhgsn nm mgrncnhram`, (igm `iiaùm saop`taigoaoátai` saoae`r). Yn gxah` ` su vnz h`mhg pkahrgxamgrncnhram` E` @mcnt`oam` sucrn hns`oam`iaùm gxah`tav` tr`mscgroàmhgsn p`ria`eonmtn nm cnmaeprgp`mgm`.
3.2 Nstaoue`mtns juej`rns.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ygm igmgiahgs igog `m`eáptaigs. Vgsnnm um` `iiaùm snenitav` sgjrn inmtrgs juej`rns, nm nspnia`e ne inmtrg rnspar`tgrag y sniumh`ra`onmtn ne inmtrg v`sgogtgr. Egs pramiap`ens `m`eáptaigs samtátaigs sgm4 Maqunt`oah` Vnmtntr`zge.
3.2.0.@iiagm c`ro`igeùbai`. Yastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e4 inmtr`e4 nstaoue`m nm cgro` snenitav` egs inmtrgs juej`rns, nspnia`eonmtn ne rnspar`tgrag. @uonmt`m crniunmia` y `opeatuh y pgr eg t`mtg ondgr`m e` vnmtae`iaùm pueogm`r. Yastno` i`rhagv`siue`r4 i`rhagv`siue`r4m g sn gjsnrv` ncnitg hn aopgrt`mia`. S`sgs4 nstaoue`m ne inmtrg v`sgogtgr juej`r nmtgins sn prghuin `uonmtg hn prnsaùm `rtnra`e pgr v`sgigmstraiiag v`sgigmstraiiagm. m.
3.2.: C`ro`igiamátai`. Yn `jsgrjnm càiaeonmtn pgr iu`equanr vï`. Vnmtntr`zge4 sn tr`mscgro` pgig nm ne grb`masog, y sn nxirnt` i`sa tgt`eonmtn igog t`e. Malnt`oah`4 ns e` hantae`oah` hne àiahg maigtïmaig. Yn tr`mscgro` nm maigtam`oah` y eunbg nm M-ontae-maigtam`oah`, nxirn M-ontae-maigtam`oah`, nxirntàmhgsn tàmhgsn ha haik`s ik`s sust`m sust`mia`s ia`s beuiurùmaig.
pgr gram gram` ` igmdub` igmdub`h`s h`s igm àiahg
3.; @mhrùbnmgs y nstnrgahns `m`jùeaigs. Egs
`mhrùbnmgs
pnrtnmninm `e brupg hn egs nstnrgahns, hnrav`hgs hne
iaiegpnmt`mgpnrkahrgcnm iaiegpnmt`m gpnrkahrgcnm`mtrnmg `mtrnmg (nspniïcai`onmtn `mhrgst`mg g ntagige`mg). Xghgs sn punhnm prnp`r`r pgr sïmtnsas. Egs pramiap`ens sgm4
@mhrgstnrgm` (nsi`s` `itavah` `itavah`h) h) Xnstgstnrgm`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Hnrav`hgs hn e` tnstgstnrgm`4 tnstgstnrgm`4 Ontaetnstgstnrgm` Ceugxaonitnrgm` Onstnrgegm` Nstnrgahns `m`jùeaigs4 `m`jùeaigs4 sgm sust`mia`s samtátai`s hnrav`hgs hn `mhrùbnmgs (e` o`ygra` hn e` tnstgstnrgm`) igm prgpanh`hns `m`jùeai`s prnpgmhnr`mtns prnpgmhnr`mtns y nsi`s`s `iiagmns `mhrgbámai`s4 Ontnmgegm` Gxaonstnrgm` Ont`mhrgstnmgegm` (ont`mhanmgm`) Gxaont`egm` Nst`mgzgege (`m`jùeaig ouy pgtnmtn) 3.;.0 @iiagm c`ro`igeùbai`. Egs `mhrùbnmgs ndnrinm sus `iiagmns sgjrn egs ùrb`mgs y i`r`itnrns snxu`ens sniumh`rags, t`mtg nm ne o`ikg igog nm e` knojr`, y `hnoàs pgsnnm pgtnmtns `iiagmns ont`jùeai`s. Vrgounvnm ne `m`jgeasog prgtnaig, hasoamuynmhg e` nxirniaùm hn M : uram`rag, igm j`e`min pgsatavg hne oasog, eg qun sn o`macanst` pgr `uonmtg hn pnsg, nm nspnia`e hne oôsiueg nsquneátaig qun `uonmt` hn t`o`ðg y cunrz`. Xanmn `iiaùm nstaoue`mtn sgjrn e` prgeacnr`iaù prgeacnr`iaùm m ùsn`. 3.;.: C`ro`igiamátai`. Ygm eapgsgeujens pgr eg qun sn `jsgrjnm janm, `umqun enmt`onmtn, iu`mhg sn `hoamastr`m nm sgeuiaùm gengs` pgr vï` amtr`ousiue`r amtr`ousiue`r.. E` nstnracai`iaùm hn e`s hrgb`s hasoamuynm e` vnegiah`h hn nst` `jsgriaùm (pgr o`ygr eapgsgeujaeah`h) eapgsgeujae ah`h) `uonmt`mhg e` hur`iaùm hn `iiaùm y e` ncai`ia` hn e` oaso`. ^m` vnz `jsgrjahgs `jsgrjahgs,, egs `mhrùbnmgs p`s`m ` s`mbrn hgmhn sgm tr`mspgrt`hgs umahgs ` prgtnïm`s, sn jagtr`mscgro`m nm kïb`hg y sn neaoam`m igmdub`hgs igm àiahg beuiurùmaig y
suecôraig.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
3.1 Ontghgegbï`s nopen`h`s.
E`s ounstr`s (gram` g s`mbrn) sn gjtanmnm nm egs Ynrvaiags vntnram`rags hn egs Kapùhrgogs. E`s oaso`s sgm sgontah`s ` havnrs`s táimai`s hn sirnnmamb. Hn `iunrhg ` e` igopendah`h igm qun sn iunmtne`s oaso`s igmst`m hn4 hn n NEAY@ p`r` brupgs hn h hrgb`s4 rgb`s4 nd. j jnmzgha`znpa nmzgha`znpam`s, m`s, o ogrcïmaigs, grcïmaigs, igi`ïm`. - utaeaz`r lats h igmvnmiagm`ee g hn `et` rnsgeuiaùm rnsgeuiaùm.. - rn`eaz`r um` irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` cam` igmvnmiagm` - sirnnmamb nm irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`.
Eunbg ne rnsuet`hg sn igmcaro` pgr Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs`- Nspnitrgontrï` hn O`s`s.
V`r` tghgs nstgs oátghgs (n (nxinptg xinptg NEAY@), eg oàs aopgrt`mtn n nss e` nt`p nt`p` ` hn nxtr`iiaùm. V`r` neeg sn punhnm rn`eaz`r havnrs`s táimai`s4 eïquahg-eïquahg ahg igmvnmiagm` igmvnmiagm`e.e. - Nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg-eïqu - Nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg-eïquah eïquahg-eïquahg g nm igeuom`.
sùeahg-eïquahg g nm havnrsgs rneenmgs. - Nxtr`iiaùm sùeahg-eïquah Ne cumh`onmtg hn nst`s táimai`s sn hnsirajn nm i`pïtuegs prnvags. @ igmtamu`iaùm, igmtamu`iaùm, sn nxpeai` e` ontghgegbï` utaez`h` nm ne `màeasas hn sust`mia`s hn `jusg.
3.1.0 Xáimai`s bnmnr`ens utaeaz`mhg igeuom`s hn nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`. 0. Igeuom`s H@^ (RGZEHRAHN OGMAXGZAMB). (^s`mhg ien`m sirnnm ® vgeuonm hn sgevnmtn rnhuiahg, ish`u`;9 / zsh`u`6;)
-
Vrnp`r`iagm hn e` ounstr`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
0 oe hn gram`, (sn punhn `brnb`r st`mh`rh amtnrmg, prncnrajen hnutnr`hg) `brnb`r 6,8 oe hn Juccnr Cgsc`tg 066 oO (pK 3,6). @bat`r igm vùrtnx. Snracai`r pK 3,6 ° 6,>. -
@igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom`. (usn v`iïg oïmaog g sam v`iïg). 6,> oe ont`mge< `spar`r. 6,> oe `bu` hnstae`h`< `spar`r. 6,:> oe Juccnr Cgsc`tg 066 oO (pk 3.6)< `spar`r. Mg hnd`r sni`r e` igeuom`.
-
@haiagm`r e` ounstr`. @brnb`r e` oaso` oaso` ` um i`uh`e h hn n 0 ` : oe/oamu oe/oamutg. tg.
-
E`v`r e` igeuom`. 6,> oe `bu` hnstae`h`< `spar`r. 6,> oe KIe 066oO< `spar`r. Yni`r e` igeuom` (9 oamutgs ` 06 oo Kb). 6,0 oe knx`mg< `spar`r.
-
Neuiaùm hn hrgb`s `iah`s y mnutr`s. : x 6,2> oe knx`mg/`int`tg hn ntaeg (>6/>6)< rnigbnr us`mhg v`iïg oïmaog.
-
Yni`hg hne neu`tg. Nv`pgr`r ` 86¶ I. Znigmstatuar igm 6,0 oe `int`tg hn ntaeg. @bat`r igm vùrtnx.
-
E`v`hg hn e` igeuom`. (I`oja`r e` br`haee` hn igeniiaùm y igegv`r um rnsnrvgrag p`r` hnsnikgs). 6,> oe ont`mge< `spar`r. Yni`r e` igeuom` (9 oamutgs ` 06 oo Kb).
-
Neuiaùm hn hrgb`s jàsai`s.
(I`oja`r ne rnsnrvgrag p`r` hnsnikgs y igegi`r e` br`haee` hn igeniiaùm).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
: x 6,2> oe haiegrgont`mg /asgprgp`mge/`ogmï`ig (2;/:6/:)< rnigd` ne neuahg us`mhg oïmao` prnsaùm. Mgt`4 prnp`r`r ne sgevnmtn hn neuiaùm nm ne ogonmtg hn us`r. @brnb`r Mgt`4 asgprgp`mge/`ogma`ig, onzien janm, eunbg `brnbun haiegrgont`mg (pK 00-0:). -
Yni`hg hn hrgb`s jàsai`s. Nv`pgr`r ` 86¶ I. Znigmstatuar igm 066 oe ont`mge. @bat`r igm vùrtnx.
-
Hnrav`taz`iaùm. Hnrav`taz`r sa ns mnins`rag igm ne hnrav`taz`mtn `hniu`hg. Amynit`r 9 ¾e nm BI/OY.
:. Igeuom`s H@^ (RGZEHRAHN OGMAXGZAMB). -
Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. 06 oe hn gram`. Yust`mia`s Àiah`s y Mnutr`s4 Kahrùeasas igm M`GK . Yust`mia`s Jàsai`s (igmdub`hgs igm àiahg beuiurùmaig, nstnrgahns, nti.) Kahrùeasas nmzaoàtai` ig igm m beuiurgmah` beuiurgmah`s`. s`. Eenv`r ` pK?>,6 ig igm m : oe hn Juccnr @int`tg (pK?>,6 , 6,0 O). Xr`t`r igm Beuiurgmah`s` pgr hgs kgr`s ` 36¶I.
-
@igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom`. Eenv`r e` gram` ` pK?3,6 (igm juccnr cgsc`tg 6,0O pK?3,6) VZNV@Z@Z E@ IGE^OM@4 8 oe hn ont`mge 8 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` 8 oe hn àiahg `iátaig 0,6 O.
-
@haiagm`r e` ounstr`. 0 ` : oe/oamutg.
-
E`v`r e` igeuom`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
> OE HN K :: G. > OE HN ÀIAHG @IÁXAIG 0M. Yni`r e` igeuom` ( oamutgs j`dg oàxaog v`iïg). > oe hn knx`mg. -
Neuiaùm hn hrgb`s `iah`s y mnutr`s. Neuar igm 06 oe hn haiegrgont`mg.
-
Neuiaùm hn nstnrgahns. nstnrgahns. Ceuar igm 06 oe hn @int`tg hn Ntaeg.
-
E`v`r e` igeuom`. E`v`r e` igeuom` igm 06 oe hn Ont`mge.
-
NE^IAÙM HN HZGB@Y JÀYAI@Y.
8 oe hn Haiegrgont`mg-Asgprg Haiegrgont`mg-Asgprgp`mge p`mge (940) (MK9 :%) -
Yni`hg hne neu`tg. neu`tg. Nv`pgr`r igm M: YNOJZ@Z NM I@V@ CAM@ ZNXGO@MHG IGM @INX@XG HN NXAEG. YGESNMXN HN IGZZAH@ IEGZGCGZOG4 ONX@MGE4@IAHG VZGVAÙMAIG
(2:40;406) ZNSNE@Z IGM HZ@BBNMHGZC. -
Hnrav`taz`iagm Hnrav`taz`r igm JYXC@ ((Jas (traontaeesaeae) traceugrg`int`oah`) 066 ¾e ` 36¶I :6 oamutgs)< rntgo`r igm @int`tg hn Ntaeg n Amynit`r nm ne IB/OY.
9. Igeuom`s H@^ (RGZEHRAHN OGMAXGZAMB). -
Vrnp`r`iagm hn e` ounstr` ounstr` 06 oe hn gram` .Eenv`r ` pK ? >,6 igm : oe hn Juccnr `int`tg (pK?>,6, 6,0 O) XZ@X@Z IGM -BE^I^ZGMAH@Y@ VGZ HGY KGZ@Y @ 36¶I
Eenv`r e` gram` ` pK?3.6 (>,>-3,>) igm : oe hn juccnr cgsc`tg 6,0O pK ? 3.6.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
-
@igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom` Ceuar : vnins igm 0 oe hn ont`mge. Ceuar igm : oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`. Ceuar igm 0 oe hn àiahg `iátaig 0,6 O. Mg hhn d`r ssni`r ee` iigeuom`.
-
@haiagm`r e` ounstr` Snegiah`h hn ceudg4 0 ` : oe/oamutg.
-
E`v`r e` igeuom` IGM 0 OE HN J^CCNZ CGYC@XG VK ? 3,6. E@S@Z : SNINY IGM 6.> OE HN ÀIAHG @IÁXAIG 0M. Yni`r e` igeuom` igeuom` (> oamutgs j`dg oàxaog v`iïg).
-
NE^IAÙM HN HZGB@Y JÀYAI@Y.
Neuar 8 vnins igm 0oe hn Haiegrgont`mg. -
Yni`hg hne neuahg neuahg Nv`pgr`r igm M: . Zntgo`r igm @int`tg hn Ntaeg. Amynit`r nm ne IB/OY.
8. Igeuom`s M@ZI-: (J@LNZ). -
Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. ounstr`. > oe hn GZAM@ + > oe hn juccnr cgsc`tg 6,0 O< O ooKb. K`inr p`s`r sniunmia`eo sniunmia`eonmtn4 nmtn4 : oe hn ont`mge. ont`mge.
: oe hn juccnr cgsc`tg pK? 3,6 3,6 Mg hnd`r sni`r e` igeuom`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
-
@haiagm`r e` ounstr`. Snegiah`h hn ceudg4 0 ` : oe/oamutg.
-
E`v`r e` igeuom`. K`inr p`s`r sniunmia`eo sniunmia`eonmtn4 nmtn4 9 oe hn K:G hnsagmaz`h hnsagmaz`h` ` 9 oe hn KIe 6,0 M. 1 oe hn ont`mge.
-
Neuiaùm Neuar e` ounstr` nm tujg, p`s`mhg hgs vnins 0oe hn onzie` ;64:6 rniaám prnp`r`h`. Haiegrgont`mg-asgprgp`mge (;64:6) igm 8% hn MK 9. Vrnp`r`r nm ne ogonmtg.
-
Yni`hg hne neu`tg. neu`tg. Nv`pgr`r ne neunmtn j`dg M:` tnopnr`tur` mg o`ygr hn 86´I. Znigmstatuar igm 066 ¾e hn IeIK 9. V`s`r e` ounstr` pgr ne BI/OY.
8. Igeuom`s I0; (J@LNZ) -
Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. ounstr`. > oe hn GZAM@ eenv`r ` pK hnsn`hg hnsn`hg igm KIe 6,0 M ù M`GK 0 M.
-
@igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom`. K`inr v`iïg ~ > ooKb. K`inr p`s`r sniunmia`eonmtn sniunmia`eonmtn44 : oe hn ont`mge. ont`mge. :oe hn juccnr cgsc`tg pK? 3,6. 3,6. M g h n d ` r sn i` r e ` ig e u om ` .
-
@haiagm`r e` ounstr`. Snegiah`h hn neuiaùm4 0 ` : oe/oamutg.
-
E`v`r e` igeuom`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
K`inr p`s`r sniunmia`eo sniunmia`eonmtn4 nmtn4 9 oe hn K:G hnsagmaz`h hnsagmaz`h`. `. 9 oe hn KIe 6,0 M. 1 oe hn ont`mge. -
Neuiaùm. Neuiaùm. Neuar e` ounstr` nm tujg. Ne sgevnmtn ` utaeaz`r sn hnjn nenbar hn `iunrhg ` e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s hn e` sust`mia` ` nxtr`nr.
-
Yni`hg hne neuahg. Nv`pgr`r ne neunmtn j`dg M:` tnopnr`tur` mg o`ygr hn 86´I. Znigmstatuar igm 066 ¾e hn sgevnmtn nenbahg. V`s`r pgr ne BI-OY.
3.1.: Xáimai`s nspnia`ens utaeaz`mhg igeuom`s hn nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`. 0. Nxtr`iiaùm hn Jnmzgaenibgmam` hn gram`. (^s`mhg Ien`m Yirnnm ® vgeuonm hn sgevnmtn rnhuiahg) Igeuom` hn nxtr`iiaùm (ish`u`;9 / zsh`u`6;) 0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr` 0 oe hn gram`, (sn punhn `brnb`r st`mh`rh amtnrmg, prncnrajen hnutnr`hg) `brnb`r 6,8 oe hn Juccnr Cgsc`tg 066 oO (pK 3.6). @bat`r nm vgrtnx. Snracai`r pK 3.6 ° 6.>. :. @igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom` (@peai`r v`iïg oïmaog g sam v`iïg) K`inr p`s`r sniunmia`eo sniunmia`eonmtn nmtn 6,> oe ont`mge< `spar`r.
6,> oe `bu` hnstae`h`< `spar`r. 6,:> oe Juccnr Cgsc`tg 066 oO (pK 3.6)< `spar`r. M g h n d ` r sn i` r e ` ig e u om ` .
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
9. @haiagm`r e` ounstr`. Snegiah`h hn neuiaùm4 0 ` : oe/oamutg. 8. E`v`r e` igeuom`. 6,> oe `bu` hnstae`h`< `spar`r. 6,> oe KIe 066oO< `spar`r. 6,0 oe ont`mge< `spar`r Yni`r e` igeuom` (9 oamutgs ` 06 oo Kb). >. Neuiaùm. Neuar : vnins igm 6,2> 6,2> oe ont`mge/asgp ont`mge/asgprgp`mge/`ogm rgp`mge/`ogma`ig a`ig (2;/:6/:)< rnigbnr us`mh us`mhg g oïmaog v`iïg. Mgt`4 Mgt`4
prnp`r`r
ne
sgevnmtn
hn
neuiaùm
nm
ne
ogonmtg
hn
us`r.
@brnb`r
asgprgp`mge/`ogmï`ig, onzie`r janm, eunbg `brnb`r haiegrgont`mg (pK 00-0:). 3. Yni`hg hne neuahg. Nv`pgr`r ` 86¶I. 2. Hnrav`taz`iaùm. @brnb`r >6 ¾e hn `int`tg hn ntaeg y >6
¾e
JYXC@ ((Jas (traontaesaeae) traceugrg
`int`oah` igm 0% XOIY (traontaeiegrgsae`mg). Ygpentn`r igm M:y t`p`r. @bat`r igm Sgrtnx. Hnd`r rn`iiagm`r :6 oamutgs ` 26¶I. Nmcra`r. Mgt`4 mg nv`pgrn e` sgeuiaùm hn JYXC@. JYXC@. Amynit`r 0 tg 9 ¾e nm BI/OY. Ogmatgrn`r egs sabuanmtns agmns (BI/OY)4 XOY-jnmzgaenibgmam`4 :86**, :>3, 930 XOY-h9-jnmzgaenibgmam`4 :89**, :>1, 938 *sn subanrn st`mh`rh amtnrmg4 h9-jnmzgaenibgmam` p`r` iu`mtacai`r
:. Nxtr`iiaùm hn gpaàings hn gram`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. (Oátghg @ ù J). @. Kahrùeasas nmzaoàtai` hn beuiurùmahgs4 0 oe hn gram` (sn punhn `brnb`r st`mh`rh amtnrmg, prncnrajen hnutnr`hg) `brnb`r 6,> oe
hn ×-beuiurgmah ×-beuiurgmah`s`. `s`. @bat`r igm vùrtnx. Kahrgeaz`r 9 kgr`s ` 3>¶I. Nmcra`r. @dust`r ne
pK
` 3,6 ° 6,> igm 6,2 oe hn M`GK 0,6 M.
J. Kahrùeasas àiah` hn beuiurùmahgs4 0 oe hn gram` (sn punhn `brnb`r nstàmh`r amtnrmg, prncnrajenonmtn hnutnr`hg) `brnb`r
6,0 oe KIe igminmtr`hg igminmtr`hg.. @bat`r igm vùrtnx. Kahrgeaz`r 0 kgr` ` 066¶I. Nmcra`r.
@brnb`r
6,: oe hn M`GK 2,8 O. @bat`r igm vùrtnx. @dust`r ne pK ` 3,6 ° 6.> igm 6,: oe
hn àiahg
cgscùraig >66 oO.
:. @igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom` (@peai`r v`iïg oïmaog g sam v`iïg) 6,> oe ont`mge< `spar`r. 6,> oe `bu` hnstae`h`< `spar`r. 6,:> oe Juccnr Cgsc`tg 066 oO (pK 3.6)< `spar`r. M g h n d ` r sn i` r e ` ig e u om ` . 9. @haiagm`r e` ounstr` Snegiah`h hn neusaùm4 0 ` : oe/oamutg.
8. E`v`r e` igeuom`. 6,> oe `bu` hnstae`h`< `spar`r. 6,> oe juccnr `int`tg 066oO (pK 8,>)< `spar`r. 6,> oe ont`mge< `spar`r Yni`r e` igeuom` (9 oamutgs ` 06 oo Kb). >. Neuiaùm. Neuar : vnins igm 6,2> oe ont`mge/asgprgp`mg ont`mge/asgprgp`mge/`ogmï`ig e/`ogmï`ig (2;/:6 (2;/:6/:)< /:)< rnigbnr us`mhg oïmaog v`iïg. Mgt`4 prnp`r`r ne sgevnmtn hn neuiaùm nm ne ogonmtg hn us`r. @brnb`r asgprgp`mge / Mgt`4
`ogma`ig, onzie`r janm, eunbg `brnb`r haiegrgont`mg (pK 00-0:).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
3. Yni`hg hne neuahg Nv`pgr`r ` 86¶I. 2. Hnrav`taz`iagm @brnb`r >6 oe hn `int`tg hn ntaeg y >6 oe JYXC@ (igm 0% XOIY). (Jas (traontaesaeae) traceugrg `int`oah` igm 0 % traontaeiegrgsae`mg), Ygpentn`r igm M:y t`p`r. @bat`r igm Sgrtnx. Hnd`r rn`iiagm`r :6 oamutgs ` 26¶I. Nmcra`r. Mgt`4 mg nv`pgr`r e` sgeuiaùm hn JYXC@. JYXC@. Amdnit`r 0 tg 9 ¾e nm BI/OY. Ogmatgrn`r egs sabuanmtns agmns (BI/OY)4 XOY-ighnam`44 920**, :98, 989 XOY-h9-ighnam`4 928*, :92, 983 XOY-ighnam` XOY-ogrcam`4 8:1**, :;2, 9:8 XOY-h9-ogrcam XOY-h9-ogrcam`4 `4 89:**, :16, 9:2 *sn subanrn nstàmh`r amtnrmg4 h9-ighnam`, h9-ogrcam` p`r` iu`mtacai`r. 9. Nxtr`iiaùm hn hn @mcnt`oam`s hn gram`. (^s`mhg Ien`m Yirnnm ® vgeuonm hn sgevnmtn rnhuiahg). Igeuom` hn nxtr`iiaùm (ish`u`;9 / zsh`u`6;)
0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. ^m oe hn gram`, (sn punhn `brnb`r nstàmh`r amtnrmg, prncnrajen hnutnr`hg) `brnb`r 6,8 oe hn Juccnr Cgsc`tg 066 oO (pK 3,6). @bat`r igm vùrtnx. Snracai`r pK 3,6 ° 6,>. :. @igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom` (@peai`r v`iïg oïmaog g sam v`iïg). 6,> oe ont`mge< `spar`r. 6,> oe `bu` hnstae`h`< `spar`r. 6,:> oe Juccnr Cgsc`tg 066 oO (pK 3.6)< `spar`r. Mg hnd`r sni`r e` igeuom`
9. @haiagm`r e` ounstr` Snegiah`h hn neuiaùm4 0 ` : oe/oamutg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
8. E`v`r e` igeuom` 6,> oe `bu` hnstae`h`< `spar`r. 6,> oe `iahg `iátaig< `spar`r. 6,> oe ont`mge< `spar`r. Yni`r e` igeuom` (9 oamutgs ` 06 oo Kb). >. Neuiaùm. Neuar : vnins igm 6,2> oe ont`mge/asgprgp`mg ont`mge/asgprgp`mge/`ogmï`ig e/`ogmï`ig (2;/:6 (2;/:6/:)< /:)< rnigbnr us`mhg oïmaog v`iïg. Mgt`4 prnp`r`r ne sgevnmtn hn neuiaùm nm ne ogonmtg hn us`r. Onzie`r janm Mgt`4 asgprgp`mge/`ogmï`ig asgprgp`mg e/`ogmï`ig y eunbg `brnb`r haiegrgont`mg (pK 00-0:). 3. Yni`hg hne neuahg. Nv`pgr`r ` 86¶I. 2. Igminmtr`hg hne neuahg. @brnb`r 96 ¾e HOC (Haontaecgro`oah`) (Haontaecgro`oah`) p`r` sae`maz`r `e neu`tg. Nv`pgr`r egs 96 oe ` 86¶I. ;. Hnrav`taz`iagm. @brnb`r >6 ¾e hn VCV@ (`makïhrahg pnmt`ceugrgprgpaùmaig) pnmt`ceugrgprgpaùmaig). Ygpentn`r igm M:y t`p`r. @bat`r igm Sgrtnx. Hnd`r rn`iiagm`r :6 oamutgs ` 26¶I. Nv`pgr`r ` snig ` 86¶I. Znigmstatuar igm 066 ¾e hn `int`tg hn ntaeg. Amdnit`r 0 tg 9 ¾e nm BI/OY. Mgt`4 Ogmatgrn`r egs sabuanmtns agmns (BI/OY)4 @mcnt`oam`4 016**, 016**, 10, 00; H>-`mcnt`oam`4 018**, 1:, 0:9 Ont`mcnt`oam`4 :68**, 00; (gr 10), 036 H>-ont`mcnt`oam`4 :6;**, 001 (gr 1:), 039
*sn subanrn nstàmh`r amtnrmg4 h>-`ocnt`oam`, h>-ont`mcnt`oam` p`r` iu`mtacai`r.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
8. Vrginhaoanmtg hn nxtr`iiagm hn Nst`mgzgege hn ounstr`s hn gram`, us`mhg igeuom`s YVN I0; (J@LNZ).
Nm nquamgs, ne nst`mgzgege sucrn kahrgxae`iaùm nm pgsaiagmns 9¸y 03. Ne oghg prao`rag hn igmdub`iaùm ns e` suec`t`iaùm. V`r` ne `màeasas ns nsnmia`e e` kahrùeasas hn brupgs beuiurùmahgs àiahgs y suec`tgs. V`r` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`, sn hnjn k`inr um` hnrav`taz`iaùm hn brupgs GK-. V`r` hnrav`taz`r sn us` um` onzie` hn OYXC@/XOYA (06664:). 0. Vrnp`r`iagm hn e` ounstr` Kahrùeasas nmzaoàtai`4 Eenv`r 06 oe hn gram` ` pK?> igm juccnr `int`tg< `brnb`r κ
beuiurgmah`s` ( Kneax pgo`ta`)< amiuj`r ` 92¶I hur`mtn 0; kgr`s. @brnb`r > oe hn `int`tg hn `ogmag 6,6:8 O (eenv`r ` pK?>.> igm àiahg `iátaig
be`ia`e) :. @igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom` @igmhaiagm`r igmhaiagm`r e` igeuom` neuynmhg : vnins igm 9 oe hn ont`mge y : vnins igm 9 oe hn
K:G hnstae`h`. hnstae`h`. M g h n d ` r sn i` r e ` ig e u om ` .
9. @haiagm`r e` ounstr` Snegiah`h hn neuiaùm4 0 ` : oe/oamutg. 8. E`v`r e` igeuom`. E`v`r igm : oe hn K:G. HND@Z YNI@Z XZNY OAM^XGY J@DG S@IÏG. >. Neuiaùm Neuar 9 vnins igm 0 oe hn ont`mge. Neuar 9vnins igm : oe hn átnr ntïeaig. Neuar igm 9 vnins igm : oe hn @int`tg hn Ntaeg4Ont`mge4K:YG8> 64064: bgt`s.) Hnd`r ` 92¶I tgh` e` mgikn ù >6¶I : kgr`s. E`v`r :vnins igm : oe hn M`GK :O.
3. Yni`hg hne neu`tg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Yni`r j`dg M:. 2. Hnrav`taz`iaùm. @haiagm`r `e rnsahug 066 ¾e hn M-ontae-M-traonta M-ontae-M-traontaesaeae-traceugrg esaeae-traceugrg`int`oah` `int`oah` y :6 ¾e hn traontaeaghgsae`mg< i`enmt`r pgr 0>-:6 oamutgs ` 26-2>¶I. Amynit`r nm ne IB-OY 0-: ¾e hne rno`mnmtn. rno`mnmtn.
>. Vrginhaoanmtg hn nxtr`iiagm hn Vrnhmasgm`, Hngxaigtaigstnrgm` y Vrgbnstnrgm` hn ounstr`s hn gram`, us`mhg igeuom`s YVN I0; (J@LNZ). 0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. > oe hn gram`. Kahrgeaz`r igm àiahg cùroaig.
:. @igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom`. @igmhaiagm`r igmhaiagm`r e` igeuom` neuynmhg : vnins igm 9 oe hn ont`mge y :vnins igm 9 oe hn K:G hnstae`h`. M g h n d ` r sn i` r e ` ig e u om ` . 9. @haiagm`r e` ounstr`. Snegiah`h hn neuiaùm4 0 ` : oe/oamutg. 8. E`v`r e` igeuom`. : oe hn K:G4@intgmatraeg (;64:6). HND@Z YNI@Z XZNY OAM^XGY J@DG S@IÏG. >. Neuiaùm. Neuar : vnins igm 0 oe hn ont`mge. 3. Yni`hg hne neuahg neuahg Yni`r j`dg M: .
2. Kahrùeasas
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Kahrùeasas àiah`4 Hasgevnr ne rnsahug nm 6,0 oe hn ont`mge. @haiagm`r > oe oe hn `int`tg hn ntae ntaeg g (igm 6,0 oe hn K:YG8). I`enmt`r ` >6¶I pgr > oamutgs, ù 92¶I 0; kgr`s. E`v`r igm hgs pgriagmns hn > oe hn M`GK :O, eunbg k`inr um e`v`hg igm sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn M`Ie. Nv`pgr`r. ;. Hnrav`taz`iaùm. Hasgevnr ne rnsahug ne rnsahug nm 066 ¾e hn iegrgcgrog< `haiagm`r 066 ¾e hn M,G
jas(traontaesae jas(traontaesaeae) ae) `int`oah` y :6 ¾e hn traontaeiegrgsae`mg< i`enmt`r pgr : kgr`s ` 36¶I. Hasgevnr nm umhni`mg ù hghni`mg.
3. Vrginhaoanmtg hn nxtr`iiagm hn Jgehnmgm` (J), 01-Mgrtnstgstnrgm` (MX), Xnstgstnrgm` (X), hn ounstr`s hn gram`, us`mhg igeuom`s YVN I0; (J@LNZ). 0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. @ > oe hn gram` `brnb`r4 `brnb`r4 (J)-(MX)4 > oe hn ont`mge4`int`tg hn `ogmag 6,3> O (pK?>,8 igm àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e) :64;6. (X)4 > oe hn `int`tg hn `ogmag 6,6:8 O (pK?>,> igm àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e) be`ia`e) :. @igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom`. @igmhaiagm`r igmhaiagm`r e` igeuom` igm : oe hn ont`mge y 0 oe hn `int`tg hn `ogmag 6,6:8 O pK? >.>. M g h n d ` r sn i` r e ` ig e u om ` . 9. @haiagm`r e` ounstr`. Neuar ` um` vnegiah`h hn 4 0 ` : oe/oamutg. 8. E`v`r e` igeuom`. 0 oe hn `int`tg hn `ogmag 6.6:8 O, pK?>.>< snbuahg hn4 (J)-(MX)4 : oe hn ont`mge4`int`tg hn `ogm `ogmag ag 6,6:8 O, pK?>,> (86436). (X)4 : oe hn ont`mge4`int`tg hn `ogmag 6,6:8 O, pK?>,> (8>4>>).
>. Neuiagm hn hrgb`s àiah`s y mnutr`s. mnutr`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
(J)-(MX)4 Neuar igm > oe hn ont`mge4 K:G (9>43>). (X)4 Neuar igm > oe hn ont`mge4 K:G (86436). 3. Yni`hg hne neu`tg. neu`tg. Yni`r j`dg M: . 2. Kahrùeasas Kahrùeasas àiah` Haeuar ne neu`tg igm : oe hn ont`mge y nv`pgr`r j`dg M:` 36¶I. Hasgevnr ne rnsahug nm 6.0 oe hn ont`mge. @haiagm`r > oe oe hn `int`tg hn ntae ntaeg g (igm 6,0 oe hn K:YG8). I`enmt`r ` >6¶I pgr > oamutgs, ù 92¶I 0; kgr`s. E`v`r igm hgs pgriagmns hn > oe hn M`GK :O, eunbg k`inr um e`v`hg igm sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn M`Ie. Nv`pgr`r. ;. Hnrav`taz`iaùm. Hasgevnr ne rnsahug ne rnsahug nm 066 ¾e hn iegrgcgrog< `haiagm`r 066 ¾e hn M,G
jas(traontaesae jas(traontaesaeae) ae) `int`oah` y :6 ¾e hn traontaeiegrgsae`mg< i`enmt`r pgr : kgr`s ` 36¶I. Hasgevnr nm iaiegknx`mg iaiegknx`mg..
3.1.9 Igmsahnr`iagmns pràitai`s hur`mtn e` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`. Snracai`r ne pK hn e` ounstr`. Egs `m`eatgs qun m mg g nstám nm cgro` `prg `prgpa`h` pa`h` (ns hniar, mnutrg g i`rb`hg), mg sn umaràm nm cgro` ncnitav` `e `hsgrjnmtn y h`ràm igog rnsuet`hg rniupnr`iagmns nrràtai`s. Ne rneenmg mg hnjn sni`rsn nmtrn egs p`sgs hn `igmhaiagm`oanmtg g `mtns hne `brnb`hg hn e` ounstr`. @snbur`rsn hn sgev`t`r igrrnit`onmtn e`s igeuom`s. Yn hnjn `peai`r i`h` sgevnmtn amonha`t`onmtn amonha`t`onm tn hnspuns hne `brnb`hg hne `mtnragr (mg hnjn k`jnr nsp`iag nmtrn sgevnmtns).
Egs i`rtuikgs `igmhaiagm`hgs amigrrnit`onmtn, h`ràm eub`r ` rniupnr`iagmns nrràtai`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@mtns hn e` neuiaùm ns mnins`rag qun egs i`rtuikgs nstnm pnrcnit`onmtn snigs. @sï sn `snbur`rà um` rniupnr`iaùm ùptao` hne `m`eatg. V`r` igmcaro`r e` snqunh`h hn e` igeuom`, prnsagm`r egs e`hgs hne i`rtuikg nm ne mavne hne rneenmg hur`mtn e` nt`p` hn v`iïg oàxaog. E`s igeuom`s sn hnjnm snmtar ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn, mg crnsi`, y` qun nm nstn i`sg, punhn k`jnr `bu` tgh`va`. ^taeaz`r sanoprn MK8GK rniaám prnp`r`hg nm ne i`sg hn us`r sgevnmtns jàsaigs nm e` neuiaùm. Ne pK hn neuiaùm (00-0:) ns irïtaig p`r` `ei`mz`r e` ùptao` rniupnr`iaùm hn hrgb`s jàsai`s igm `etgs pL` (`mcnt`oam`s, `ebumgs traiïieaiegs, ogrcam`, nti.). ne MK 8GK panrhn ràpah`onmtn su tïtueg iu`mhg nst` nxpunstg `e `arn y punhn igmhuiar ` j`d`s rniupnr`iagmns. Ne MK8GK ns oàs sgeujen nm asg-prgp`mge qun nm IK:Ie: .V`r` `snbur`r e` onzie` igopent` hn egs sgevnmtns hn neuiaùm `brnbun MK8GK nm asgprgp`mge y eunbg ne IK :Ie:. @ebum`s hrgb`s hrgb`s sgm eàjaen eàjaenss `e i`egr, pgr eg qu qun n punhnm hnbr`h`rsn hnbr`h`rsn sa sgm i`enmt`h`s. Yupnrvas`r hn inri` qun e` neuiaùm sn` ` snig, p`r` nvat`r párhah`s hne `m`eatg. Iu`mhg ne nms`yg nstà ` mavnens hn suj-m`mgbr`ogs, sn rnigoanmh` ne prn`igmhaiagm`hg hne i`rtuikg hn nxtr`iiaùm igm ne sgevnmtn hn neuiaùm. @spar`r eunbg ne sgevnmtn hn neuiaùm `mtns hn igmtamu`r igm ne `igmhaiagm`oanmtg mgro`e hn e` igeuom`.
Buï` ràpah` p`r` sneniiagm`r um ontghg hn hnrav`taz`iaùm. Brupg cumiagm`e
Hnrav`taz`iaùm
-GK 4 gxkahraeg nm `eigkgens prao`rags, -GK
Yaeae`iaùm
sniumh`rags y tnria`rags< cnmgens<
@iae`iaùm
i`rjgkahr`tgs.
Jnmzgae`iaùm @equae`iaùm H`msae`iaùm Cgro`iaùm hn p`r aùmaig
-IGGK 4àiahg -IGGK 4àiahg i`rjgxïeaig.
Nstnracai`iaùm Yaeae`iaùm Cgro`iaùm hn p`r aùmaig
-I?G 4 i`rjgmaeg nm `ehnkaehg -I?G `ehnkaehgss y intgm`s
Cgro`iagm hn gxao` Cgro`iagm y sae`iaùm hn gxao` Cgro`iaùm hn int`e/`int`e Cgro`iaùm hn kahr`zgm`
Cgro`iaùm hn j`sn hn Yikacc Yaeae`iaùm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
-MK:4 `oamg nm `oam`s prao`ra`s,
@iae`iaùm
`oamgàiahgs, `zôi`rns `oamg.
Jnmzgae`iaùm Yaeae`iaùm tr`t`oanmtg igm IY: Cgro`iaùm hn tagurn` Cgro`iaùm hn j`sn hn Yikacc :,8-hamatrgcnmae`iaùm Cgro`iaùm hn suec`oah` Cgro`iaùm hn i`rj`o`tg Xr`t`oanmtg igm parahgx`e @equae`iaùm Cgro`iaùm hn p`r aùmaig
-MK-Z4 `oamg nm `oam`s sniumh`ra`s, -MK-Z
@iae`iaùm
àiahgs hne aoamg, `zôi`rns `oamg sustatuïhgs.
Jnmzgae`iaùm Yaeae`iaùm :,8-hamatrgcnmae`iaùm Cgro`iaùm hn suec`oah` Cgro`iaùm hn p`r aùmaig
-MK: y ’IGGK ’IGGK 4 nm `oamgàiahgs
Yaeae`iaùm Nstnracai`iaùm + `iae`iaùm
-MG: 4 igopunstgs matrg
Mg mninsat` hnrav`taz`r
3.06 Xáimai`s hn nxtr`iiagm Eïquahg- Eïquahg.
3.06.0 Vrginhaoanmtg
hn nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg eïquahg igmvnmiagm`e p`r` e`
amvnstab`iagm hn p- kahrgxancnhram` kahrgxancnhram` hn ouns ounstr`s tr`s hn gram`. gram`. 0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. >6 oe hn gram`. Eenv`r ` pK?1 igm M`GK 96%.
:. Nxtr`iiaùm. @brnb`r 066 oe hn Iegrgcgro Iegrgcgrog4 g4 Ntnr Ntïeaig (:40) @bat`r nmárbai`onmtn. nmárbai`onmtn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
INMXZAC^B@Z. Ynp`r`r y hnsnik`r e` c`sn `iugs`. 9. Yni`hg. Nv`pgr`r ne sgevnmtn igm igrranmtn hn M :. 8. Yanojr` y igrrah` irgo`tgbr`cai` Zntgo`r igm Nt`mge4 Iegrgcgrog (>64>6) + 9 bgt`s hn KIe. Ynojr`r nm Ve`i` hn Yïeai` Bne (dumtg ` um tnstabg) y igrrnr igm4 Onzie` hn igrrah` 0
Onzie` hn igrrah` :
Nt`mge4 36
Iegrgcgrog4 16
Iegrgcgrog4 06
Ont`mge4 06
KIe4 9 bgt`s Y`tur`hg igm K:G >. Znvne`hg. Yni`r e` Ve`i`. @spnrd`r igm4 Mamkahram` `e 0% nm `intgm`. I`enmt`r j`dg igrranmtn hn `arn i`eanmtn 06 oamutgs. :,3-haiegrgquamgm`-8-iegrgaoah` >% nm nt`mge. Ygeuiaùm hn I`rjgm`tg hn sghag >% nm `bu` O`mik`s `zuens4 prgj`jen pgsatavg
3.06.: Vrginhaoanmtg
hn nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg eïquahg igmvnmiagm`e p`r` e`
amvnstab`iaùm hn Ienmjutnrge nm ounstr`s hn gram`. 0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. >6 oe hn gram`. Eenv`r ` pK?0: igm M`GK 96%. :. Nxtr`iiaùm.
@brnb`r 066 oe oe hn átnr hn pntrùe pntrùeng. ng. @bat`r nm um nxtr`itgr nxtr`itgr rgt`tgrag hur` hur`mtn mtn um` kgr`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
9. Yni`hg. Xr`msv`s`r e` c`sn grbàmai` ` um o`tr`z y nv`pgr`r nm rgt`v`pgr iuah`mhg qun e` tnopnr`tur` hne j`ðg mg supnrn egs 86 ´I. 9. Yanojr` y igrrah` irgo`tgbr`cai`. Zntgo`r p`r` snojr`r igm @int`tg hn Ntaeg Ynojr`r nm Ve`i` y igrrnr igm4
Onzie` hn igrrah` 0 @int`tg hn Ntaeg4 ;6
Onzie` hn igrrah` : @int`tg hn Ntaeg4 ;6
Ont`mge4
Ont`mge4
06
MK9
>
06
@iahg @iátaig Be`ia`e Be`ia`e > >. Znvne`hg. Yni`r e` pe`i` y hnrav`taz`r4
Igegi`r e` pe`i` sgjrn um sgpgrtn, nm um` iuj` qun igmtanmn KIe i, hn oghg qun qunhn nxpunst` ` egs v`pgrns hne àiahg. @ð`har ` e` iuj` um` pnqunð` i`mtah`h hn M`MG:, hnd`r nxpunst` e` pe`i` ` egs v`pgrns hur`mtns 8-> oamutgs. Zntar`r e` pe`i` igm um` pamz`. @spnrd`r igm M-( 0 ’m`ctae) ntaenmha`oa ntaenmha`oam` m` (6.>% nm Ont`mge) O`mik`s cuisa`4prgj`jen pgsatavg pgsatavg
3.06.9. Vrginhaoanmtg hn nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg eïquahg igmvnmiagm`e p`r` e` amvnstab`iaùm hn Cnmaejut`zgm` nnm m ounstr`s hn gram`. 0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`.
Igegi`r nm tujg hn nms`yg > oe hn gram`. Eenv`r ` pK4 : ’ 9 igm `iahg cgscùraig. :. Nxtr`iiaùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@brnb`r > oe hn e` onzie` hn nxtr`iiaùm nxtr`iiaùm Knx`mg Knx`mg44 Ntnr ntïeaig (36486). (36486). @bat`r. Inmtracub`r. 9. Yni`hg. Xr`msv`s`r e` c`sn grbàmai` ` um v`sg hn prniapat`hgs y nv`pgr`r ` snqunh`h. 8. Yanojr` y igrrah` irgo`tgbr`cai`. Zntgo`r p`r` snojr`r igm Iegrgcgrog y snojr`r nm j`mh` nm um` pe`i` hn Yaeai`bne C:>8d umtg igm tnstabg. Ygevnmtn hn igrrah`4 Xgeunmg4 Ont`mge4 @iahg `iátaig be`ia`e (8:4 24 0) >. Znvne`hg. Gjsnrv`r j`dg euz ^S :>8 mo y 933 mo. Zgia`r igm iegrurg cárraig y nxpgmnr `e i`egr. O`mik`s rgs`s amhai`m prgj`jen pgsatavg.
3.06.8 Nxtr`iiaùm hn [`mtam`s hn ounstr`s hn gram` us`mhg igeuom`s hn tanrr` hn ha`tgon`s (tapg N[XZNE^X ® ONZIL ONZIL). 0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. :6 oe hn gram`, gram`, (sn punhn ` `brnb`r brnb`r nstàmh nstàmh`r `r amtnrmg, prn prncnrajen cnrajen hnutnr` hnutnr`hg) hg) eenv`r ` pK?3 igm M`GK 96%. Snracai`r pK 3,6 ° 6,>. :. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` igeuom`. I`rb`r um i`rtuikg igm e` tanrr` hn ha`tgon`s ù sïeain (066 br`ogs).
@haiaùm hn e` ounstr`. @brnb`r e` ounstr` ounstr` (mg oàs hn :6 oe). Hnd`r :6 oamutgs. >. Nxtr`iiaùm.
@brnb`r 066 oe oe hn Iegrgcgrog 4 ont`mge (36486). Znigbnr ne neuïhg nm cgro` enmt`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
3. Yni`hg. V`s`r ` o`tr`z y nv`pgr`r nm rgt`v`pgr 2. Yanojr` y igrrah` irgo`tgbràcai`. Zntgo`r igm ont`mge. Amynit`r nm ne BI-OY. E`s táimai`s hn nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg eïquahg igmvnmiagm`e, sn punhnm `h`pt`r y pgmnr ` pumtg igm táimai`s hn nxtr`iiagm eïquahg-eïquahg sgjrn sgpgrtn saeïing amnrtn (prgj`mhg hastamtgs sgevnmtns y onzie`s hn nxtr`iiaùm)
Jajeagbr`cï`. E`s J`sns C`ro`igeùbai`s hn e` Xnr`páutai`. Bggho`m `mh Baeo`m OiBr`w-Kaee Amtnr`onrai`m` Nhatgrns, 0113. Asge`tagm `mh Ahnmtacai`tagm gc Hrubs. Ie`rln¸s Nhatgra`e Yt`cc, 01;3. C`ro`igegbï` y Xnr`páutai` Xnr`páutai` Sntnram`ra` Sntnram`ra`.. Jggtk OiHgm`eh. Nhatgra Nhatgra`e `e @iraja`, Y. @. 01;2. @onrai`m Kgspat`e Kgspat`e Cgroue`ry Yn Ynrvain rvain 1;. Hrub Amcgro` Amcgro`tagm. tagm. 011;. Vrginnhamb
gc
tkn
1tk
Amtnrm`tagm`e
Igmcnrnmin
gc
Z`iamb
@m`eysts
`mh
Sntnram`ra`ms. Mnw Gren`ms 011:. Cgrty Carst Qnmnj Vty Eth, Hr. Vkaeap Yw`mm. @ustr`ea`. 0116 Hrubs `mh Xkn Vnrcgro`min Kgrsn. Xkgo`s Xgjam . Ik`rens Xkgo`s Vujeasknr. Aeeamgas, ^Y@. 01;0. Ieïmai`s Sntnram`ra`s hn Mgrtn`oárai`. Vr`itai` Nquam`. Bgrhgm R. Jruoj`ubk y Eegyh N.
H`vas. Nhatgra`e Amtnroáhai` 011>.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Xkn Onril Amhnx. Xwnectk Nhatagm. 0113. Yirnnmamb `mh igmcaro`tagm gc hrubs am kgrsn uramn jy usamb ` saopen igeuom nxtr`itagm prginhurn. @skgl L. Yambk, O. @skr`c, L. Br`meny, ^. Oaskr` `mh O. O`hkusuh`m` Z`g. Dgurm`e gc Ikrgo`tgbrpky, 829 (01;1) :0>-::3.
I`pïtueg 2 Vnstaiah`s.
@utgr4 Irasta`m Geavnr . Vnratg hn e` Yniiaùm hn Xgxaigegbï` hne E`jgr`tgrag Puïoaig Vnraia`e hn e` Harniiaùm Bnmnr`e hn Vgeaiï` Iamntïcai` hn e` Vgeaiï` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. Hginmtn hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV.
2. Amtrghuiiaùm. E` nxpgsaiaùm ` egs pnstaiah`s igmstatuyn um prgjeno` hn aopgrt`mia` irnianmtn. Nst`s sust`mia`s sn k`ee`m pgr hgquanr, nm munstrgs `eaonmtgs, nm ne kgb`r y vartu`eonmtn nm iu`equanr `ojanmtn hnshn qun igonmzù su utaeaz`iaùm. E`s nst`hïstai`s hne usg ` mavne oumha`e sgm rnenv`mtns ` nstn rnspnitg4 snbôm e` Grb`maz`iaùm Oumha`e hn e` Y`euh (GOY) ne 8> % hn egs pnstaiah`s sgm knrjaiah`s, 9: % amsnitaiah`s (06 % hn neegs
grb`mgcgscgr`hgs), ne 0; % cumbaiah`s y ne >% ` gtrgs, sanmhg su igmsuog hn oaeegmns hn tgmne`h`s pgr `ðg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nm hgs amcgrons hn e` Grb`maz`iaùm Oumha`e hn e` Y`euh (GOY, 01;> y 0116) sn `caro` qun hur`mtn egs `ðgs ;6 sn k`m prghuiahg nm ne oumhg nmtrn umg y trns oaeegmns hn amtgxai`iaùm `buh`s pgr pe`buaiah`s i`h` `ðg, igm um rnsuet`hg nm oàs hn :6666 ounrtns, ne 11% hn ástgs knikgs giurrnm nm p`ïsns nm hns`rrgeeg. Ouik`s hn nst`s amtgxai`iagmns `cnit`m saouetàmn`onmtn um môonrg v`ra`jen hn amhavahugs, pgr eg qun punhnm ie`sacai`rsn igog npaháoai`s. E` GOY (0116) nstaoù qun e` amiahnmia` `mu`e pgr nmvnmnm`oanmt nmvnmnm`oanmtg g `buhg mg amtnmiagm`e cun inri`m` ` 0 oaeeùm hn pnrsgm`s igm um` ogrt`eah`h hn `prgxao`h`onmtn 0%. E` o`ygrï` hn egs nmvnmnm`oanmtgs mg amtnmiagm`ens sgm hn tapg giup`iagm`e. Nstuhags pgje`iagm`ens rn`eaz`hgs nm 02 p`ïsns `rrgd`m um` amiahnmia` hn amtgxai`iaùm mg amtnmiagm`e hn 6,9 ` 0; pgr 066.666. Ynbôm e` GOY um pe`buaiah` sn hncamn igog ―iu`equanr sust`mia` g onzie` hn sust`mia`s hnstam`h`s ` prnvnmar g igmtrge`r tgh` nspnian hn pe`mt`s g `mao`ens amhnsn`jens, `j`ri`mhg t`ojaám iu`equanr sust`mia` g onzie` hn sust`mia`s hnstam`h`s ` snr utaeaz`h`s igog rnbue`hgr`s hne irniaoanmtg vnbnt`e, igog hncgea`mtns g hnsni`mtns‟. Igog pghrà gjsnrv`rsn ` p`rtar hn e` amtrghuiiaùm, ne tároamg pnstaiah` amvgeuir` um` igopend` c`oaea` hn igopunstgs, hn grabnm quïoaig havnrsg, pgr eg iu`e rnsuet` hacïiae sastno`taz`r su `màeasas, nxastanmhg muonrgs`s táimai`s nspniïcai`s p`r` ne `ase`oanmtg n ahnmtacai`iaùm hn i`h` igopunstg nm p`rtaiue`r. ^m` ie`sacai`iaùm snmiaee` ogstr`rà e` havnrsah`h hn sust`mia`s amvgeuir`h`s, igog punhn vnrsn nm e` X`je` 2.A. E`s t`je`s hn igopunstgs mg sgm nxk`ustav`s, igm sust`mia`s qun sn k`m hnd`hg hn utaeaz`r pnrg qun `ôm nxastnm nm i`mtah`hns rnsahu`ens nm ne àojatg hgoástaig igog e` nstraimam` g egs grb`mgiegr`hgs. grb`mgiegr`h gs. Hnjahg ` sus hacnrnmtns i`r`itnrïstai`s cïsai` cïsai`ss y quïoai`s sn tr`t`ràm nm cgro` snp`r`h`. Egs pe`buaiah`s sn havahnm nm igopunstgs hn sïmtnsas, m`tur`ens, amgrbàmaigs y grb`mgontàea grb`mgontàeaigs. igs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
X`je` 2.A4 Ie`sacai`iaùm Puïoai` hn egs Ve`buaiah`s oàs utaeaz`hgs. Grb`mgiegr`hgs K`egbnmurgs hn
Jrgourg hn ontaeg,
kahrgi`rjurgs
iegrgpairam`.
`eacàtaigs Kahrgi`rjurgs `rgoàtaigs k`egbnm`hgs Brupg hne HHX
HHX, Ontgxaiegrg
Brupg hne
Asùonrgs `ec`, b`o`
Knx`iegrgjnminmg Brupg hne @ehrïm
Hnrav`hgs hne
(iaieghanmgs)
haont`mgm`ct`enmg Hnrav`hgs hne
(eamh`mg) @ehrïm, Hanehrïm, Asghrïm Asghrïm Iegrh`mg, Knpt`iegrg
amh`mg Hnr. hne jaiaieg-
Nmhgsuecàm. Jrgoghàm
knpt`mg Xnrpnmgs Iegr`hgs
Xgx`cnmg, VIJ (Mg sgm pe`buaiah` pe`buaiah`ss samg prghuitgs táimaigs.
Cnmgxaàiahgss Cnmgxaàiahg
^taeaz`hgs igog
OIV@. :,8-H, :,8,>-X
knrjaiah`s Vgeaiegrurgs
Knrjaiah`s.
HI@, XI@, H`e`pgm
@iahgs
Igopunstgs
:,9,3-XJ@
Vgeaiegrgjnmzgaigs
`itavgs sgjrn Z`ïins.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Grb`mgcgscgr`hgs
G Z G V G [ G Z
Brupg G?Y Xagmgcgsc`tgs
[ ? brupg s`eanmtn. Ns ne pramiap`e rnspgms`jen hn e` tgxaiah`h.
Z? @ei`mg
O`e`taùm, Haontg`tg, Cgr`tg.
Z? @equnmg Haiegrvgs (HHSV). Z? @rgoàtaigs V`r`taùm, Ha`zamùm. Z? Vargcgsc`tgs XNVV Brupg GZ ? YZ Xagecgsc`tgs Brupg V ? Y y GZ ? YZ Hatagcgsc`tgs Brupgs GZ hgmhn Z ns um r`hai`e `equaeg ? cgscgm`tgs Brupgs GZ hgmhn Z ? k`eùbnmg ? K`egbnmgcgscgah`tgs K`egbnmgcgscgah`tgs Brupg GK ? MK:@ oahgcgsc`tgs
2.: Vnstaiah`s Grb`mgiegr`hgs. Nstgs igopunstgs sgm jàsai`onmtn kahrgi`rjurgs iïieaigs, bnmnr`eonmtn pgig
vgeàtaens y i`r`itnraz`hgs pgr um` br`m pnrsastnmia` nm ne onhag `ojanmtn. Yu nstruitur`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
quïoai` j`s`h` nm umagmns I-I y I-Ie rnsuet` quïoai`onmtn amnrtn, nxinptg nm cgro` ouy enmt` pgr `iiaùm hn e` euz ^S y `ebumgs pgigs oairggb`mas oairggb`masogs. ogs. Ygm pgig sgeujens nm `bu` y o`ri`h`onmtn eapgsgeujens, `iuoueàmhgsn nm `ojanmtns kahrgcùjaigs igog tndahgs br`sgs y e` o`tnra` grbàmai` hne suneg. @ebumgs hn egs igopunstgs ieàsaigs sn gjsnrv`m nm e` Cab 0.
Cab 2.0. Igopunstgs grb`mgiegr`hgs
Nm ne kgojrn, `e abu`e qun nm ne onhag `ojanmtn, sn hnbr`h`m enmt`onmtn y tanmnm um` br`m `camah`h pgr egs tndahgs br`sgs, igog ne tndahg `hapgsg y ne sastno` mnrvagsg. Nstg rnsuet` hn aopgrt`mia` oáhai` nm i`sg hn `hneb`z`oan `hneb`z`oanmtg mtg jrusig hnjahg ` qun p`s`j`m ` e` iariue`iaùm bnmnr`e y prghuiï`m sïmtgo`s hn amtgxai`iaùm `buh`. @saoasog, i`mtah`hns igmsahnr`jens sn tr`mscanrnm hn e` br`s` igrpgr`e ` e` enikn, qunh`mhg egs rniaám m`iahgs nxpunstgs `e rniajar e` enikn o`tnrm`, sanmhg i`p`ins `hnoàs hn `tr`vns`r e` pe`inmt`.
Nstgs igopunstgs sgm `jsgrjahgs pgr vï` habnstav`, amk`e`tgra` y hároai`. E` ncaianmia` hn e` `jsgriaùm hároai` ns v`ra`jen, hnpnmhanmhg hne vnkïiueg nm qun sn k`ee`m
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
hasunetgs. Igopunstgs igog ne knx`iegrgiaiegknx`mg (KIK) y su asùonrg Ϛ ne eamh`mg, egs iaieghanmgs (`ehram, hanehram, nmhram, iegrh`mg, knpt`iegrg) y nmhgsuec`m sgm `jsgrjahgs ncaianmtnonmtn ` tr`vás hn e` pane, oanmtr`s qun igopunstgs t`ens igog haiegrg-hacnmaetraiegrgnt`mg (HHX), haigcge, o`re`tg, tgx`cnmg y oarnx sgm `jsgrjahgs sabmacai`tav`onmtn onmgs. E` prnsnmia` hn `jr`sagmns nm e` pane rnsuet` aopgrt`mtn puns `uonmt` e` `jsgriaùm, nspnia`eonmtn nm ne i`sg hn maðgs `cnit`hgs hn pnhaiuegsas. E` br`s` y egs sgevnmtns kahrgi`rjgm`hgs `uonmt`m e` `jsgriaùm b`strgamtnstam`e y hároai` hn egs iegr`hgs. Ya janm mg sgm igopunstgs `et`onmtn vgeàtaens, egs `nrgsgens y pgevgs p`rtaiue`hgs igmtrajuynm ` um` amigrpgr`iaùm sabmacai`tav` pgr vï` rnspar`tgra`. Eunbg hn e` nxpgsaiaùm (rnsuet` mgt`jen nm ne i`sg hne HHX) um` p`rtn aopgrt`mtn hn e` hgsas `jsgrjah` sn `eo`inm` nm ne tndahg br`sg sam oghacai`iagmns ont`jùeai`s hne igopunstg hn grabnm. E` o`ygrï` hn egs iegr`hgs sucrnm um prginsg hn hnsk`egbnm`iaùm, gxah`iaùm y pgstnragr igmdub`iaùm. E` rut` pramiap`e hn nxirniaùm ns pgr e` vï` jaea`r, `umqun pràitai`onmtn tghgs prghuinm ont`jgeatgs uram`rags onhajens. Hns`cgrtum`h`onmtn ouikgs hn nstgs pnstaiah`s sn rn`jsgrjnm pgr iariue`iaùm nmtnrgknpàtai` sam ont`jgeaz`rsn, rnt`rh`mhg e` nxirniaùm cni`e. E` ont`jgeaz`iaùm hne HHX y HHN (um prghuitg hn hnbr`h`iaùm hne HHX), ne knx`iegrgiaiegknx`mg, hanehram, ne npùxahg hne knpt`iegrg y ne oarnx tanmhn ` snr enmt`, igmhuianmhg `e `eo`inm`oanmtg `eo`inm`oanmtg nm e` br`s` igrpgr`e. Ne i`sg gpunstg eg rnprnsnmt`m ne eamh`mg, ontgxaiegrg, `ehram, nmhram, iegrgjnmzae`tg, haigcge, tgx`cnmg, pnrt`mg y nmhgsuecàm, egs iu`ens sgm ont`jgeaz`hgs ràpah`onmtn rnsuet`mhg onmgs prgj`jen hntnit`r sus rnsahugs nm e` br`s` igrpgr`e, s`mbrn g enikn. E` pramiap`e `iiaùm tùxai` hn egs grb`mgiegr`hgs sn hns`rrgee` sgjrn ne sastno` mnrvagsg, hgmhn prghuinm um nst`hg hn kapnrnxiat`jaeah`h nm ne inrnjrg. Yn s`jn qun egs iegr`hgs `itô`m sgjrn ne YMI `etnr`mhg e` iamátai` hn egs agmns M`, L y I` ` tr`vás hn e` onojr`m` hne `xùm. Nm ne i`sg p`rtaiue`r hne HHX y `màegbgs, nstgs prgegmb`m ne tanopg hn
`pnrtur` hn egs i`m`ens hn M`, oanmtr`s qun ne eamh`mg, tgx`cnmg y iaieghanmgs amkajnm ne ceudg hn iegrurg rnbue`hg pgr ne mnurgtr`msoasgr B@J@.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nxastnm iu`trg oni`masogs prgpunstgs hn `iiaùm sgjrn e` onojr`m` mnurgm`e p`r` ne HHX4 0. @cnit`mhg e` pnron`jaeah` pnron`jaeah`h hh hne ne aùm L+h asoamuynmhg su tr`mspgrtn ` tr`vás hn egs pgrgs. :. Amtnrcaranmhg ne tr`mspgrtn `itavg hn M`+ hnd`mhg ne i`m`e `janrtg hur`mtn e` rnpge`raz`iaùm. 9. Amkajanmhg e` nmzao` @XV`s` mnurgm mnurgm`e, `e, nm p`rta p`rtaiue`r iue`r e`s M M`-L-@XV`s` `-L-@XV`s` y I I`-@XV`s`, `-@XV`s`, e`s iu`ens hns`rrgee`m um rge vat`e nm e` rnpge`raz`iaùm. 8. Amkajn e` k`jaeah`h hn e` i`e i`eoghueam` oghueam` p p`r` `r` tr`mspgrt` tr`mspgrt`rr agmns I` I`.. E` amkajaiaùm hn nst`s cumiagmns rnhuin ne tanopg nm qun giurrn e` rnpge`raz`iaùm y `uonmt` e` snmsajaeah`h hn e`s mnurgm`s ` pnqunðgs nstïouegs. Nm ne i`sg hn egs iaieghanmgs nstgs jegqun`m e` `itavah`h b`j`árbai`, rnsuet`mhg nm um rnpge`raz`iaùm p`ria`e hn e` mnurgm` y um nst`hg hn nxiat`iaùm mg igmtrge`h`. X`ojaám sgm pgtnmtns amkajahgrns amkajahgrn s hn e` M`-L-@XV`s M`-L-@XV`s`, `, e` iu`e ns nsnmia`e p`r` ne tr`mspgrtn hn hn I` ` tr`vás hn e` onojr`m`. E` nenv`h` igminmtr`iaùm hn iegr`hgs nm egs tndahgs amirnonmt`m e` arrat`jaeah`h oagiàrhai`, prnhaspgmanmhg ` e` `rratoa` i`rhï`i`. Nxastn igmsahnr`jen amtnrás nm e` amtnr`iiaùm hn egs iegr`hgs igm rninptgrns nmhgiramgs, nspnia`eonmtn egs rninptgrns hn nstrùbnmgs y `mhrùbnmg `mhrùbnmgs. s. Egs sïmtgo`s oàs igoumns sgm igmvuesagmns hn tapg oagieùmaig y ` onmuhg tnojegrns vagenmtgs. Gtrgs sïmtgo`s oàs envns punhnm snr p`rnstnsa`s, tnojegrns, `t`xa` n kapnrrrncenxa`. @itu`eonmtn sn k`ee`m nm hnsusg, sa janm hnjahg ` qun sgm quïoai`onmtn ouy nst`jens, mg ns r`rg nmigmtr`r nmigmtr`r i`sgs hn suaiahag igm prghuitgs prghuitgs qun k`m sahg `eo`inm`hg `eo`inm`hgss nm ne àojatg hgoástaig pgr hái`h`s.
2.9 Grb`mgcgscgr`hgs.
Nm 019: ne hns`rrgeeg hn egs amsnitaiah`s grb`mgcgscgr`hgs sn amaiaù igm e`s gjsnrv`iagmns hn E`mbn y Lrnubnr nm @eno`ma`. Neegs hnogstr`rgm qun egs v`pgrns hn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
ianrtgs igopunstgs cgscgr`hgs nr`m i`p`ins hn prghuiar amtnmsgs ncnitgs igeamárbaigs nm egs snrns kuo`mgs. Hur`mtn e` Ynbumh` Bunrr` Oumha`e, t`mtg egs @ea`hgs igog @eno`ma` hnhai`rgm um igmsahnr`jen nscunrzg `e hns`rrgeeg hn nstgs igopunstgs p`r` su utaeaz`iaùm nm e` bunrr` quïoai`, bnmnr`mhg um` snran hn igopunstgs igmgiahgs bnmárai`onmtn igog b`sns mnrvagsgs. Nstgs igopunstgs sgm ástnrns hne àiahg cgscùraig g tagcgscùraig, eg qun pnroatn v`ra`s igojam`iagmns nm cgro` hn ástnrns y sustatuiagmns hn G pgr Y (Cab 2.:). Ygm pgig sgeujens nm `bu` y sgeujens nm kahrgi`rjurgs. @ hacnrnmia` hn egs iegr`hgs, nstgs igopunstgs ounstr`m um` o`ri`h` tnmhnmia` ` e` kahrùeasas nm onhag `iugsg, sanmhg nst` hnsigopgsaiaùm cunrtnonmtn amceunmia`h` pgr ne pK. Ya janm punhnm snr j`st`mtn nst`jens ` pK mnutrg, i`sa tghgs sgm kahrgeaz`hgs nm onhag `ei`eamg y ` pK onmgr hn :. Nm prgonhag, hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` hn su nxtr`iiaùm, igmvanmn igmsahnr`r um r`mbg ùptaog hn nst`jaeah`h nmtrn > y 2. Nm ne i`sg hn egs `oahgcgsc`tgs nstgs sn kahrgeaz`m ` pK onmgr hn iamig. Yu `iiaùm tùxai` sn ndnrin amkajanmhg nm cgro` arrnvnrsajen e` nmzao` `intaeigeamnstnr`s`, `intaeigeamnstn r`s`, pnrg sn irnn qun mg ns e` ômai` rnspgms`jen hn egs ncnitgs tùxaigs. Egs cgscgr`hgs `cnit`m ` egs amsnitgs y o`oïcnrgs nspniïcai`onmtn pgr e` cgscgrae`iaùm hn e` nmzao` `intaeigeamnstnr`s` nm e`s tnroam`ens mnrvags`s. Ne rnsuet`hg ns um` párhah` hn e` `intaeigeamnstnr`s` haspgmajen pgr eg qun e` tnroam`e pnro`mnin kapnrnstaoue`h` kapnrnstaoue` h` pgr um nxinsg hn `intaeigeam` (@I). E` nmzao` tanmn um` cumiaùm irïtai` nm e` tr`soasaùm hne aopuesg mnrvagsg hnshn e` cajr` mnrvags` k`ia` ne oôsiueg easg y nsqunentaig, iáeue`s be`mhue`rns y b`mbeags `utgmùoaigs, `sï igog hnmtrg hne YMI. Egs grb`mgcgsc`tgs sgm `jsgrjahgs ncaianmtnonmtn pgr amk`e`iaùm, ambnstaùm y pgr vï` hároai`. E` nxpgsaiaùm ` amsnitaiah`s grb`mgcgscgr`hgs y i`rj`o`tgs rnsuet`m nm amkajaiaùm hn e` igeamnstnr`s`, sanmhg arrnvnrsajen nm ne i`sg hn egs cgscgr`hgs y rnvnrsajen p`r` egs i`rj`o`tgs. Nstgs pnstaiah`s sn igojam`m igm e` `intaeigeamnstnr`s` nm e`s tnroam`ens mnrvags`s hne inrnjrg y ne sastno` mnrvagsg, `e abu`e qun igm gtr`s igeamnstnr`s`s nmigmtr`h`s nm e` s`mbrn. E` hasoamuiaùm hn e` `itavah`h hn e` igeamnstnr`s` prghuin cam`eonmtn egs sïmtgo`s hn amtgxai`iaùm.
Egs snrns kuo`mgs pgsnnm trns tapgs hn igeamnstnr`s`s4 e` igeamnstnr`s` nratrgiat`ra`, e` pe`soàtai` (ee`o`h` psnuhgigeamnstnr`s`) y e` inrnjr`e. E`s nmzao`s nratrgiat`ra` y
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
inrnjr`e sgm ahámtai`s, oanmtr`s qun e` v`ra`mtn pe`soàtai` sn samtntaz` nm ne kïb`hg. @e rn`eaz`r um` prunj` hn `itavah`h igeamnstnràsai` nm um` ounstr` hn s`mbrn sn hntnit`m hgs tapgs hn igeamnstnr`s`s, e` pe`soàtai` y e` nratrgiat`ra`. Yn igmsahnr` qun e` igeamnstnr`s` pe`soàtai` ns um amhai`hgr ôtae p`r` hntnit`r nxpgsaiagmns ` grb`mgscgscgr`hgs nm cgro` tnopr`m`, oanmtr`s qun e` nmzao` nratrgiat`ra` nv`eô` ondgr e` nxpgsaiaùm irùmai`.
Y
Y
K9I G V G G IK9
MG:
Ontaep`r`tagm
I:K>
Ha`zamgm
V`r`tagm
MG:
IK9
Y G V G G I:K>
I:K> G V G G I:K>
G
M M IK9 K9I
IIe: K9I G V G I K G IK9 Haiegrvgs
Cab 2.:. Igopunstgs grb`mgcgscgr`hgs. Nm hgsas sucaianmtns, e` párhah` hn e` cumiaùm nmzaoàtai` pnroatn e` `iuoue`iaùm hn @I nm egs mnrvags pnracáraigs y inmtr`ens, nspniïcai`onm nspniïcai`onmtn tn nm e`s umagmns igeamárbai` igeamárbai`ss mnurgncnitgr`s, umagmns mnrvags`s nm oôsiueg nsquneátaig y nm egs b`mbeags `utgmùoaigs (ncnitgs maigtïmaigs).
Nm e`s umagmns mnrvags`s igeamárbai`s nmtrn ne oôsiueg easg y e`s iáeue`s b`mhue`rns, e` nenv`h` igminmtr`iaùm hn @I prgvgi` e` igmtr`iiaùm hne oôsiueg y `uonmtg nm e`s snirniagmns (jrgmigrrn` y s`eav`iaùm nxinsav`). Ne nxinsg hn @I nm e`s umagmns mnrvags`s
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
hne oôsiueg nsquneátaig tanmn ncnitg nxiat`tgrag (prgvgi`mhg e` igmtr`itur` hne oôsiueg), sam noj`rbg, t`ojaám punhn prghuiar cam`eonmtn ne hnjaeat`oanmtg g p`ràeasas hn e` iáeue` ousiue`r hnspge`raz`mhg hnspge`raz`mhg e` pe`i` tnroam`e. Nm ne YMI e`s nenv`h`s igminmtr`iagmns hn @IK prghuinm `etnr`iagmns snmsgra`ens y nm ne igopgrt`oanmtg, amiggrham`iaùm, hnprnsaùm nm e` cumiaùm ogtraz y hnprnsaùm rnspar`tgra rnspar`tgra`. `. Ne amirnonmtg nm e`s snirniagmns pueogm`rns umah`s ` e` c`ee` rnspar`tgra` sunenm snr e` i`us` hn ounrtn. E` rniupnr`iaùm hnpnmhn nm hncamatav` hn e` bnmnr`iaùm hn nmzao`s munv`s nm egs tndahgs irïtaigs. Egs grb`mgcgscgr`hgs qun sn kahrgeaz`m nm ne grb`masog p`r` h`r cgsc`tgs hn `equaeg y cnmgens, igm crniunmia` punhnm hntnit`rsn nm e` gram` hur`mtn e` `jsgriaùm hne pnstaiah` y k`st` 8; kgr`s hnspuás. Nm gi`sagmns, nstgs `màeasas rnsuet`m ôtaens p`r` ahnmtacai`r igm inrtnz` ne pnstaiah` `e iu`e k`m nst`hg nxpunstgs. Nstgs `màeasas punhnm hnogstr`r e` `jsgriaùm hn grb`mgcgsc`tgs nm hgsacai`iagmns onmgrns ` e`s rnqunrah`s p`r` hasoamuar e`s `itavah`hns hn e` igeamnstnr`s` y ouikg oàs j`d`s qun e`s mnins`ra`s p`r` i`us`r snð`ens y sïmtgo`s< sam noj`rbg, su prnsnmia` pghrï` snr saopenonmtn ne rnsuet`hg hn grb`mgcgsc`tgs nm e` i`hnm` `eaonmtaia`. E` ont`jgeaz`iaùm hne cgscgr`hg giurrn pramiap`eonmtn nm ne kïb`hg v`ra`mhg ne br`hg hn kahrùeasas hn um igopunstg ` gtrg. Nm ne i`sg hn ianrtgs grb`mgcgsc`tgs iuy` hnbr`h`iaùm ns rne`tav`onmtn enmt`, punhn giurrar um `eo`inm`oanmtg tnopgr`e sabmacai`tavg nm ne tndahg br`sg. Igopunstgs t`ens igog ne ha`zamùm y ne ontaep`r`taùm pgsnnm um` sgeujaeah`h sabmacai`tav` nm eïpahgs, eg iu`e pnroatn ne `eo`inm`oanmtg nm tndahgs br`sgs igm um` tgxaiah`h rntr`s`h` hnjahg ` e` eajnr`iaùm t`rhï`. Nstn ncnitg t`rhïg punhn giurrar `tïpai`onmtn igm gtrgs grb`mgcgsc`tgs, nspniïcai`onmtn igm e` haigegrgcnmtagm` y igm ne ontaehnontgm. Egs
sabuanmtns
igopunstgs
prghuinm
um`
o`ygr
amkajaiaùm
hn
e`
psnuhgigeamnstnr`s`4 psnuhgigeam nstnr`s`4 iegrparacùs, hnontùm, ha`zamùm, haiegrvùs, o`e`taùm, oap`cgx y traiegrcùm< um` o`ygr amkajaiaùm hn e` igeamnstnr`s` nratrgiat`ra` e` prghuinm ne haoncùs, onvamcùs, p`r`taùm y ontaep`r`taùm. Iu`mhg e` `intaeigeamnstnr`s` ns amkajah` nm cgro` arrnvnrsajen pgr um grb`mgcgscgr`hg, e` rnst`ur`iaùm hn e` `itavah`h nmzaoàtai` hnpnmhn hne tapg hn hnrav`hg hne àiahg cgscùraig y hn e` sïmtnsas hn munv`s ogeáiue`s hn nmzao`.
Ouikgs grb`mgcgsc`tgs sn igmvanrtnm igm c`iaeah`h hn tagmns (V?Y) ` gxgmns (V?G). E` igmvnrsaùm giurrn nm ne `ojanmtn j`dg e` amceunmia` hne gxïbnmg, e` euz, y nm ne iunrpg,
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
pramiap`eonmtn pgr e` `iiaùm hn egs oairgsgo`s knpàtaigs. Egs gxgmns sgm ouikg oàs tùxaigs qun egs tagmns, pnrg sn am`itav`m igm oàs c`iaeah`h qun ástgs. Vgr ôetaog, t`mtg egs tagmns igog egs gxgmns sn kahrgeaz`m nm e` umaùm ástnr p`r` prghuiar cgsc`tgs hn `equaeg y brupgs s`eanmtns, egs iu`ens sgm hn rne`tav` j`d` tgxaiah`h. Nstgs sn nxirnt`m g sucrnm um` tr`mscgro`iaùm pgstnragr `mtns hn qun ne iunrpg egs neaoamn. Hnjn tnmnrsn nm onmtn qun egs cgscgr`hgs sùeg pnro`mninm nm s`mbrn pgi`s kgr`s hnspuás hn su nmtr`h` `e tgrrnmtn s`mbuïmng.
2.8 I`rj`o`tgs. Egs i`rj`o`tgs sgm ástnrns hne àiahg i`rjàoaig. Ne brupg `oamg punhn nst`r sustatuïhg pgr brupgs `equaeg oanmtr`s qun ne gxkahraeg sn nstnracai` igm `eigkgens `equïeaigs g `rgoàtaigs. Nm egs M-`equaei`rj`o`tgs (Z-MK-IG-G@r) ne brupg Z punhn snr umg g hgs brupgs `equaegs oanmtr`s qun @r sunen snr um brupg cnmaeg. E` `iiaùm sunen snr cumh`onmt`eonmtn amsnitaiah` oanmtr`s qun M-`raei`rj`o`tgs pgsnnm `hnoàs um` `iiaùm knrjaiah`. Nstgs igopunstgs, `e abu`e qun e` o`ygrï` hn egs ástnrns grbàmaigs, prnsnmt`m kahrùeasas `ei`eam` y àiah`. Ambrns`m pgr tgh`s e`s vï`s, amieuynmhg e` pane. Nm bnmnr`e sn am`itav`m ràpah`onmtn nm ne grb`masog onha`mtn rn`iiagmns hn kahrùeasas, hns`equae`iaùm y igmdub`iaùm, neaoamàmhgsn nstgs ont`jgeatgs pgr vï` uram`ra`. E` `iiaùm tùxai` sn hns`rrgee` `e abu`e qun nm egs cgscgr`hgs, sgjrn e` `intaeigeamnstnr`s` `umqun e` amkajaiaùm nm nstn i`sg ns rnvnrsajen y punhn giurrar am vatrg nm e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn. Egs ástnrns hn i`rj`o`tg hn M-ontaeg i`us`m i`rj`oae`iaùm rnvnrsajen hn e` nmzao` `intaeigeamnstnr`s`, eg qun pnroatn e` `iuoue`iaùm hn `intaeigeam`. E` igojam`iaùm i`rj`oae`intaeigeamnstnr`s` sn hasgia` oàs ràpah`onmtn qun ne igopendg cgscgrae-`intaeigeamnstnr`s` prghuiahg pgr egs igopunstgs grb`mgcgsc`t`hgs. Nst` e`jaeah`h tanmn v`ra`s igmsniunmia`s aopgrt`mtns4 (0) tanmhn ` eaoat`r e` hur`iaùm hne nmvnmnm`oanmtg igm amsnitaiah`s hne tapg i`rj`o`tg M-ontaeg< (:) ns rnspgms`jen qun ne amtnrv`eg qun nxastn nmtrn e` hgsas qun bnmnr`
egs sïmtgo`s y e` hgsas ent`e sn` o`ygr qun ne nxastnmtn nm e` o`ygrï` hn egs igopunstgs grb`mgcgscgr`hgs< y, (9) igm crniunmia` amv`eah` e` onhaiaùm hn e` `itavah`h hn e` igeamnstnr`s` nm e` s`mbrn igog amhai`hgr ha`bmùstaig hne nmvnmnm`oanmtg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Hnjahg ` qun e` rn`itav`iaùm hn e` igeamnstnr`s` punhn prghuiarsn hnmtrg hn e` ounstr` oanmtr`s sn nspnr` su `màeasas, nstn hnjn rn`eaz`rsn hn amonha`tg g punhn gjtnmnrsn um v`egr onmgr qun ne rn`e. Egs i`rj`o`tgs mg `tr`vans`m e` j`rrnr` kno`tgincàeai` pgr eg qun mg prghuinm sïmtgo`s inmtr`ens. E` hntnroam`iaùm hn igeamnstnr`s` iu`mhg sn sgspnik` um` amtgxai`iaùm igm i`rj`o`tgs hnjn snr ràpah`, `mtns hn um` g hgs kgr`s.
2.> Varntram`s y Varntrgahns. Nm su cgro` m`tur`e, e`s parntram`s sn k`ee`m prnsnmtns nm e`s cegrns hne Ikrys`mtknouo iamnr`rancgeauo. Nstgs igopunstgs k`m sahg ondgr`hgs pgr sïmtnsas
quïoai`, igmcaraámhgens o`ygr nst`jaeah`h quïoai` y sn egs hnmgoam` bnmárai`onmtn parntrgahns. Yn igmginm hgs brupgs hacnrnmtns hn parntrgahns4 Varntrgahns arntrgahns qun igm igmsnrv`m snrv`m e` nstruitur` qun igm igmtanmn tanmn ne `maeeg iiaiegprgp`mg aiegprgp`mg - Xapg A4 V (i`r`itnrïstaig hn e`s parntram`s parntram`s m`tur`en m`tur`enss y i`rnin hne brupg `e `ec`-ia`mg c`-ia`mg nm su ogeáiu ogeáiue`), e`), pgr ndnopeg e` pnrontram`, iapnrontram`, hnet`ontram`, hnet`ontram`, nti.(Cab. 2.9). iaiegprgp`mg gprgp`mg k` hns hns`p`rniahg, `p`rniahg, igmt`mhg igm - Xapg AA4 Varntrgahns nm egs qun ne `maeeg hne iaie um brupg ia`mg igog ne cnmv`enr`tg, c nmv`enr`tg, ceuv`eam`tg ceuv`eam`tg,, ceuiatram`tg, nti. Ns ouy aopgrt`mtn e` asgonrï` ias-tr`ms hnjah` ` e` prnsnmia` hne hgjen nme`in hne brupg vamaeg nm iu`mtg ` su tgxaiah`h y ont`jgeaz`iaùm. Nstgs igopunstgs sgm i`p`ins hn pnmntr`r pgr tgh`s e`s vï`s, pnrg egs ncnitgs tùxaigs sùeg sgm pgsajens hn gjsnrv`rsn eunbg hn um` igmsahnr`jen `jsgriaùm pgr vï` amk`e`tgra` y habnstav`. E` tgxaiah`h sastáoai` pgr amk`e`iaùm y pgr vï` hároai` ns j`d`. @umqun sn gjsnrv` um` `jsgriaùm eaoat`h` pgr vï` gr`e, giurrn um` ràpah` jaghnbr`h`iaùm pgr e`s nmzao`s knpàtai`s nm o`oïcnrgs ` tr`vás hn e` kahrùeasas hne brupg ástnr y e` gxah`iaùm. E` o`ygrï` hn egs ont`jgeatgs hn egs parntrgahns sgm ràpah`onmtn nxirnt`h`s ` tr`vás hne raðùm. Egs sïmtgo`s oàs snvnrgs hn tgxaiah`h giurrnm ` mavne hn YMI, igm igmvuesagmns,
nspnia`eonmtn igm egs oanojrgs oàs tùxaigs hne brupg, egs ia`mg-parntrgahns (nd4 cnmv`enr`tg, ceuiatram`tg, iapnrontram`, hnet`ontram` y ceuv`eam`tg).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Z0
K
K G
K9I
IK9 K9I IK9
G
Z: G
K K
Cab. 2.9 Varntram`.
Egs parntrgahns sn ont`jgeaz`m pgr kahrùeasas hne nme`in ástnr cgroàmhgsn hgs oat`hns qun sn hnbr`h`m y neaoam`m igmdub`hgs igm àiahg beuiurùmaig y suecôraig ` tr`vás hn e` gram`. Nm e`s parntram`s sn prghuinm `t`quns gxah`tavgs nm v`ra`s pgsaiagmns hn e` ogeáiue` nm eub`r hn nsiamhar ne nme`in ástnr. Egs prghuitgs sn punhnm nmigmtr`r nm e` gram` y e`s knins. Ne oni`masog hn `iiaùm hn egs parntrgahns ns j`st`mtn igopendg, sa janm sn eaoat` cumh`onmt`eonmtn ` e`s iáeue`s mnrvags`s nxiat`jens (`qunee`s igm sus i`m`ens aùmaigs `janrtgs). @ br`mhns hgsas sgm i`p`ins hn hnspge`raz`r igopent`onmtn e` onojr`m` mnurgm`e y jegqun`r su nxiat`jaeah`h< ` hgsas onmgrns rntr`s`m ne ianrrn hn egs i`m`ens hn sghag hn e` onojr`m` hne `xùm, igm egs iu`ens prnsnmt`m br`m `camah`h. E` umaùm prghuin um` igrranmtn rnsahu`e g ige`, ogtav`h` pgr um` enmt` nmtr`h` hn sghag hur`mtn egs ogonmtgs ham`ens hn e` hnspge`raz`iaùm, eg qun sn o`macanst` igog kapnrnxiat`iaùm hne sastno` mnrvagsg. Egs ncnitgs sn gjsnrv`m hnspuás hn `ebumgs oamutgs hn e` nxpgsaiaùm, pnrg um pnrïghg hn um` ` hgs kgr`s ns eg oàs igoôm. Yunenm `p`rninr p`rnstnsa`s, `igop`ð`h`s hn rn`iiagmns amce`o`tgra`s, pgsajenonmtn pgr igmt`itg igm e`s tnroam`iagmns mnrvags`s nm e` pane. E`s pnrsgm`s tr`t`h`s igm pnrontram` pgr amcnst`iaùm igm pueb`s g ogsi`s sunenm nxpnraonmt`r snms`iagmns hn `rhgr g quno`zùm nm ne satag hn e` `peai`iaùm. Gtrgs sabmgs y sïmtgo`s hn tgxaiah`h amieuynm snms`iagmns `mgro`e nm e` i`r`, s`eav`iaùm, `tgmt`oanmtg, c`tab`, vùoatgs, ha`rrn` n arrat`jaeah`h `e sgmahg y `e t`itg. Nm i`sgs oàs snvnrgs, punhn hns`rrgee`rsn hns`rrgee`rsn nhno` pueogm`r y c`siaiue`iagm c`siaiue`iagmns ns ousiue`rns.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Egs parntrgahns mg sgm amkajahgrns hn e` igeamnstnr`s`, sam noj`rbg, mg ns hacïiae igmcumhar ne ha`bmùstaig igm e` amtgxai`iaùm pgr cgscgr`hgs hnjahg ` su saoaeatuh igm egs sïmtgo`s. E` vnmt`d` hn nstgs igopunstgs ns qun sgm rne`tav`onmtn mg tùxaigs p`r` egs o`oïcnrgs, sam noj`rbg nstg hnpnmhn hn e` vï` hn `hoamastr`iaùm, hnjahg ` qun pgr vï` s`mbuïmn` prghuinm ncnitgs saoae`rns ` egs iegr`hgs. E` j`d` tgxaiah`h sn hnjn ` qun sgm gjdntg hn um` ràpah` kahrùeasas pgr nstn`r`s`s y neaoam`hgs igog prghuitgs am`itavgs. Hnjn tnmnrsn nm ie`rg qun mg ns r`rg nmigmtr`regs hnjahg ` qun sn utaeaz`m nm cgro` igojam`h` igm i`rj`o`tgs y cgscgr`hgs.
2.3 Knrjaiah`s. Egs hnrav`hgs hn e` urn` utaeaz`hgs igog knrjaiah`s pgsnnm um` nstruitur` jàsai` Z0-MK-IG-Z:. Egs igopunstgs gjtnmahgs utaeaz`mhg hgs matrùbnmgs nm ne `maeeg sn hnmgoam`m ha`zïmaigs y traàzamaig igm trns. Yn igmsahnr`m pgig tùxaigs, `umqun sgm utaeaz`hgs igm camns suaiah`s. Gtrg brupg aopgrt`mtn hn knrjaiah`s eg igopgmnm e`s s`ens hn japarahaeg, e`s iu`ens nstàm cgro`h`s pgr igopunstgs hn `ogmag iu`tnrm`rag, ne p`r`qu`t y ne haqu`t.
2.3.0 V`r`qu`t (Cab. 2.8).
Ie- K9I
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M
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M
IK9 Ie-
Cab. 2.84 V`r`qu`t.
Iu`mhg sn ambanrn um` hgsas `hniu`h` (EH>6 nm kuo`mgs ns hn 9-> ob/lb) ne p`r`qu`t tanmn ncnitgs sgjrn ne tr`itg b`strgamtnstam b`strgamtnstam`e, `e, raðùm, igr`zùm y gtrgs ùrb`mgs. E` pane ueinr`h` t`ojaám igmstatuyn um` vï` hn nmtr`h`. Ne ùrb`mg je`mig hne p`r`qu`t ns ne pueoùm,
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
y egs ncnitgs sgjrn nstn sgm egs rnspgms`jens hn sus ncnitgs ent`ens. E` tgxaiah`h pgr amk`e`iaùm, sam noj`rbg, ns r`r`. Ne oni`masog prao`rag hn h`ðg sn prghuin pgr e` bnmnr`iaùm hn r`hai`ens eajrns y h`ðg gxah`tavg nm ne tndahg t ndahg pueogm`r. Ne h`ðg i`us`hg pgr ne V`r`qu`t sn hnjn pramiap`eonmtn ` e` pnrgxah`iaùm eapïhai` hn e` onojr`m` y ` e` hnpeniaùm hne M@HV. Nstn muienùtahg ns ne nmi`rb`hg hne tr`mspgrtn hn nenitrgmns k`ia` e` cgscgrae`iaùm gxah`tav`, pgr eg qun `e nst`r hasoamuïh` su igminmtr`iaùm, pràitai`onmtn mg k`y sïmtnsas hn @XV. Nm gtr`s p`e`jr`s, ne V`r`qu`t `itô` rnhuianmhg `e tr`mspgrt`hgr hn nenitrgmns M@HV y eunbg nstn muienùtahg ns rnhuiahg pgr ne gxïbnmg ogeniue`r igm e` cgro`iaùm hn supnrùxahgs qun eunbg, pgr um prginsg hn gxahgrrnhuiiaùm (nm hgmhn p`rtaiap`m brupgs ontàeaigs) sn igmvanrtnm nm pnrùxahgs< nstgs pnrùxahgs `e hnsigopgmnrsn nm brupgs gxakahraeg (pgr `iiaùm hn um` nmzao` pnrùxahg hasout`s`) v`m ` gxah`r ` egs àiahgs br`sgs pgeaams`tur`hgs hn egs cgscgeïpahgs hn e` onojr`m` hn egs hacnrnmtns grb`mnegs ineue`rns, pnrhanmhg igm neeg e` pnron`jaeah`h hn e` onojr`m` igm ne igmsabuanmtn insn hn tr`mspgrtn hn onojr`m` y eunbg, ounrtn ineue`r. Nstn prginsg sn igmgin igm ne mgojrn hn pnrgxah`iaùm eapïhai` hn e`s onojr`m`s, y sn ounstr` nsqunoàtai`onmtn nsqunoàtai`o nmtn nm e` Cab. 2.>.
Cab. 2.>4 2.>4 Cgro`iaùm hn nspnians hn gxïbnmg rn`itav`s y pnrgxah`iaùm hn eïpahgs ams`tur`hgs.
Mgro`eonmtn, nm ne ont`jgeasog ineue`r sn nstàm prghuianmhg hacnrnmtns r`hai`ens eajrns y e` iáeue` tanmn su prgpag sastno` hn hncnms` `mtn egs r`hai`ens supnrùxahgs y
pnrùxahgs4 e` nmzao` supnrùxahg hasout`s` y ne iaieg hne beut`taùm pnroatnm igmvnrtar nstgs r`hai`ens nm `bu`< pnrg nm e` amtgxai`iaùm, nstgs r`hai`ens nstàm nxtrno`h`onmtn `uonmt`hgs y hnjahg ` neegs, nstgs oni`masogs casageùba casageùbaigs igs sn `bgt`m.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` ogeáiue` hn p`r`qu`t tanmn ouikg p`rniahg igm um rninptgr hn onojr`m` ` mavne `evnge`r. Vgr haik` r`zùm, sn igmsahnr` qun giup` nsn rninptgr y hn `eeï su nspniacaiah`h pgr nsn tapg hn tndahg, pnrg nm bnmnr`e tanmn prnhaeniiaùm pgr `quneegs tndahgs igm o`ygr s`tur`iaùm hn gxïbnmg igog sgm egs hn egs pueogmns, ne kïb`hg y egs raðgmns. Nm e`s nt`p`s tnopr`m`s, egs pramiap`ens sïmtgo`s sgm ne nhno` pueogm`r hnmtrg hn e`s pgi`s kgr`s eunbg hn um` nxpgsaiaùm snvnr`. Ne h`ðg ` e`rbg pe`zg amieuyn cajrgsas pueogm`r (usu`eonmtn hn um` ` hgs sno`m`s hnspuás hn e` ambnstaùm), sanmhg e` i`us` oàs igoôm hn e` ounrtn. Egs mnuogiatgs hn tapg A y AA p`rninm `iuoue`r snenitav`onmtn ne p`r`qu`t, prghuianmhg ` igmtamu`iaùm e` cgro`iaùm hn r`hai`ens eajrns, pnrgxah`iaùm eapïhai` y h`ðg ineue`r. E` `p`raiaùm hn nhno` y tndahg igmnitavg cajrgsg hn iai`traz`iaùm prghuin um` snvnr` rnstraiiaùm `e amtnri`ojag b`sngsg, e` qun igmhuin ` e` ounrtn pgr `scaxa`. Nmtrn egs sïmtgo`s oàs igoumns `sgia`hgs `e p`r`qu`t sn k`ee` ne hgegr hn i`jnz`, canjrn, oa`eba`, ent`rba` y igo`. Yunen gjsnrv`rsn prgtnamura` y p`mirn`tatas. E` pramiap`e vï` hn neaoam`iaùm e` igmstatuyn ne raðùm, pgr egs qun sunen gjsnrv`rsn `hnoàs igog igopeai`iaùm igopeai`iaù m e` mnirgsas tujue`r y e` c`ee` rnm`e.
2.3.: Haqu`t.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
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Cab. 2.34 Haqu`t. E` amtgxai`iaùm igm haqu`t (Cab. 2.3) ns ouikg onmgs igoôm qun `qunee` igm p`r`qu`t, pgr eg qun sn k`ee` onmgs nstuha`h`. @ hacnrnmia` hn `qune, ne haqu`t `jsgrjahg sastáoai`onmtn mg ns igminmtr`hg snenitav`onmtn nm ne tndahg pueogm`r, hgmhn mg sn gjsnrv` nm ne tanopg cajrgsas pueogm`r. Gtr` hacnrnmia` aopgrt`mtn ns qun ne haqu`t tanmn ncnitgs tùxaigs snvnrgs sgjrn ne YMI Egs i`sgs hn amtgxai`iaùm `buh` amvgeuir`m mnrvagsasog, arrat`jaeah`h, igoj`tavah`h ami`p`iah`h p`r` rnigm rnigmginr ginr `oabgs g c`oaea`rn c`oaea`rnss y hasoamu hasoamuiaùm iaùm nm eg egss rncendgs. N Nstgs stgs sïmtgo`s mnurgeùbaigs punhnm tnroam`r nm um igo`, `igop`ð`hg pgr igmvuesagmns tùmai`sieùmai`s y e` ounrtn. Egs sïmtgo`s amaia`ens, abu`e qun p`r` ne p`r`qu`t, amhai`m h`ðg igrrgsavg ` egs tndahgs, igm snms`iaùm hn quno`zùm nm e` jgi`, hgegr nm ne pnikg y `jhgonm, màusn`s amtnms`s y ha`rrn`.
E` pramiap`e vï` hn neaoam`iaùm ns e` uram`ra`,
prghuianmhg `hnoàs h`ðg rnm`e igm prgtnamura` y kno`tura`.
2.2 Iegrgcnmgxaàiahgs. Ne brupg igmgiahg igog iegrgcnmgxaàiahgs, hne iu`e ne igopunstg j`sn ns ne àiahg :,8 haiegrgcnmgxa`iátaig (:,8 H) (Cab. 2.2), rnsuet`m oghnr`h`ontn arrat`mtns ` e` pane, gdgs, tr`itg rnspar`tgrag y b`strgamtnstam`e. Ygm janm `jsgrjahgs pgr ne sastno` habnstavg y nm onmgr nxtnmsaùm pgr egs pueogmns. Mg sn `eo`inm`m sabmacai`tav`onmtn nm e` br`s` igrpgr`e. E` rut` pramiap`e hn nxirniaùm ns e` gram`, igm `ebg hn igmdub`iaùm hn egs àiahgs, gjsnrvàmhgsn cunrtn umaùm ` prgtnïm`s pe`soàtai`s. E` vah` onha` nm kuo`mgs hne :,8 H v`rï` nmtrn 09 ` 86 ks, igop`r`h` ` e`s :8 ks hne :,8,> traiegrgcnmgxa`iátaig traiegrgcnmgxa`iátaig..
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ie G G
GK
Ie
Cab. 2.2 @iahg :,8 haiegrgcnmgxa`iátaig. E`s o`macnst`iagmns k`jatu`ens hn tgxaiah`h sastáoai` sn igmginm ` p`rtar hn e`
ieïmai` gjsnrv`h` nm i`sgs hn ambnstaùm igm camns suaiah`s. Nm nst`s satu`iagmns, iu`mhg ne hnsnme`in ns c`t`e, sn gjsnrv` c`ee` rnm`e, hnsj`e`min nenitrgeïtaig y cam`eonmtn c`ee` grbàmai` tgt`e. E` samtgo`tgegbï` amaia`e hn e` amtgxai`iaùm ` e`s pgi`s kgr`s hn ambnstaùm igmst` pramiap`eonmtn pramiap`eon mtn hn vùoatgs y ha`rrn`.
2.; Zghnmtaiah`s @mtaig`bue`mtns. Egs rghnmtaiah`s `mtaig`bue`mtns cunrgm hns`rrgee`hg nm 0186 igog um `bnmtn p`r` ne igmtrge hn e`s pgje`iagmns hn r`t`s. Nst`s sust`mia`s sn havahnm nm trns bnmnr`iagmns4 egs hnrav`hgs hn e` 8-kahrgxaiuo`ram` (w`rc`ram`), egs hnrav`hgs hn e` amh`mghagm` y egs ee`o`hgs supnrw`rc`rïmai supnrw`rc`rïmaigs. gs. Ne oni`masog hn `iiaùm hn tghgs egs `mtaig`bue`mtns ns ` tr`vás hn e` amkajaiaùm igopntatav` e` nmzao` vat`oam` L-npùxahg rnhuit`s`. Nst` nmzao` ns rnspgms`jen hn e` rnbnmnr`iaùm rnbnmnr`iaù m hn e` vat`oam` L `itav`, e` iu`e ns nsnmia`e p`r` e` cgro`iaùm hn egs c`itgrns hn ig`bue`iaùm ig`bue`iaù m AA, SAA, A[ y [. E` t`je` 2.AA y Cab 2.; ounstr`m um east`hg y cùroue`s hn `ebumgs hn nstgs igopunstgs. Nstgs igopunstgs sgm `jsgrjahgs ràpah`onmtn ` tr`vás hne sastno` b`strgamtnstam`e `umqun t`ojaám punhnm p`s`r ` tr`vás hn e` pane. Nstgs `bnmtns t`ojaám amirnonmt`m e` pnron`jaeah`h i`pae`r nm tghg ne grb`masog, prnhaspgmanmhg ` um` knogrr`ba` igrpgr`e hasnoam`h`.
E` hnbr`h`iaùm ont`jùeai` hn e` w`rc`ram` y e`s amh`mghagm`s nm r`t`s giurrn pramiap`eonmtn pgr kahrgxae`iaùm. Nm ne i`sg hn egs supnrw`rc`rïmaigs e` neaoam`iaùm giurrn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
pramiap`eonmtn igog igopunstgs am`etnr`hgs nm jaeas y knins. Yn `iuoue`m nm kïb`hg y tndahg br`sg. E`s knins igmstatuynm e` pramiap`e vï` hn nxirniaùm.
X`je` 2.AA4 Zghnmtaiah` Zghnmtaiah`ss Zghnmtaiah`s `mtaig`bue`mtns Iuo`ram`s hn 0r` bnmnr`iaùm
R`rc`ram`
Iuo`ram`s hn :h` bnmnr`iaùm
Jrghac`iguo Jrgo`hagegm` Iguo`iegr Iguo`tntr`eae Hacnm`iguo
Amh`mghagm`s
Cnmahagm` Hacnmhagm` @masamhagm`
GK
K K G
G
K G IK9
R`rc`ram`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
G Z
G Z
@equae Cnmae Iegrghacnmae`intae
Cab 2.;. Zghnmtaiah`s hnrav`hgs hn e` w`rc`ram` y e`s amh`mghagm`s.
2.1 Yneniiaùm hn Ounstr`s. Ne tgxaiùegbg sn vn nm e` mninsah`h hn amvnstab`r e` prnsnmia` hn pnstaiah`s nm e`s oàs havnrs`s o`trains y satu`iagmns4 hnshn egs rniapanmtns utaeaz`hgs nm um suaiahag, igoah` nmvnmnm`h`,, `arn, `bu`s y sunegs igmt`oam`hgs g ounstr`s hn ceuahgs jageùbaigs. nmvnmnm`h` Hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` hn e` Xgxaigegbï`, ns aopgrt`mtn snð`e`r qun e`s cgroue`iagmns hn pe`buaiah`s `hnoàs hne pramiapag `itavg amieuynm sust`mia`s qun `itô`m igog vnkïiuegs, haeuynmtns igog `bu` g sgevnmtns grbàmaigs, `hatavgs n aopurnz`s hn sïmtnsas, qun pgsnnm `iiaùm tùxai` pgr sï oaso`s. Nm p`rtaiue`r, hnjn iuah`rsn nm ne i`sg hn e` ambnstaùm hn pnstaiah`s, qun hur`mtn ne rncendg hne vùoatg ns usu`e qun sn prghuzi` jrgmig `spar`iaùm hne oasog, prghuianmhg egs hasgevnmtns grbàmaigs hnprnsaùm rnspar`tgra` ` mavne inmtr`e y mnuogmï` mnuogmï` pgr `spa `spar`iaùm. r`iaùm. E` jôsqunh` hn nstgs igo igopunstgs punstgs sn tr`t` nm ne i`pïtueg >. Ne `màeasas hn pe`buaiah`s punhn ie`sacai`rsn nm havnrs`s àrn`s4
-Cgrnmsn -Ha`bmùstaig hn urbnmia` -Igmtrge hn pgje`iagmns nxpunst`s y mg nxpunst`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
-Igmt`oam`iaùm -Igmt`oam`iaù m `ojanmt`e. Ya ne pe`buaiah` cun i`us` hn ounrtn, nst`rà nm `et` igminmtr`iaùm, `e abu`e qun nm um` amtgxai`iaùm `buh` br`vn. Nm e`s hgs ôetao`s àrn`s sn tr`j`d` igm ounstr`s igm mavnens ouy j`dgs hn pe`buaiah`s (onmgrns hn 6,0 ppo), sn k`je` hn ―rnsahugs‟ hn pe`buaiah`s. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnt`ee`m havnrs`s ounstr`s jageùbai`s qun sn rnquanrnm p`r` ne `màeasas hn egs pnstaiah`s oàs aopgrt`mtns nmigmtr`hgs nm munstrg onhag. Nm ne i`sg hn ounstr`s `ojanmt`ens, nxastnm prgtgigegs nspniïcaigs hnpnmhanm hnpnmhanmhg hg hn e` Enbase`iaùm.
2.1.0 Vnstaiah`s grb`mgiegr`hgs. Nm ne i`sg hn egs pnstaiah`s grb`mgiegr`hgs, ns pgsajen ahnmtacai`r egs igopunstgs o`hrn y/g sus ont`jgeatgs nm e` s`mbrn onha`mtn ne `màeasas pgr irgo`tgbr`cï` b`s-eïquahg, hn ounstr`s tgo`h`s pgigs hï`s hnspuás hn um` `jsgriaùm aopgrt`mtn hne pnstaiah`. @ebumgs pnstaiah`s g sus prghuitgs (nm p`rtaiue`r ne HHX, hanehrïm, oarnx, knpt`iegrg, npùxahg, iegrhnigm`) pnrsastnm nm egs tndahgs y nm e` s`mbrn hur`mtn sno`m`s y k`st` onsns hnspuás hn e` `jsgriaùm, pnrg gtrgs punhnm snr nxirnt`hgs nm umgs iu`mtgs hï`s, eg qun rnhuin e` pgsajaeah`h hn su hntniiaùm. Egs mavnens s`mbuïmngs tanmhnm ` igrrne`iagm`rsn oàs igm e` tgxaiah`h `buh`, oanmtr`s qun egs mavnens nmigmtr`hgs nm ne tndahg `hapgsg y e` enikn o`tnrm` bnmnr`eonmtn rncend`m um` nxpgsaiaùm ` e`rbg pe`zg. Nm ne i`sg hn egs pnstaiah`s grb`mg iegr`hgs, e` s`mbrn ns e` ounstr` oàs `hniu`h` p`r` e` jôsqunh` y` qun pgr su br`m eapgsgeujaeah`h r`r` vnz `p`rninm nm gram`. Yn gjtanmnm hn ;-06 oe hn s`mbrn nm tujg hn inmtrïcub` knp`ramaz`hg. X`ojaám punhnm rn`eaz`rsn hntnroam`iagmns `m`eïtai`s nm ounstr`s hn igmtnmahg bàstraig nm egs i`sgs nm qun sn sgspnik` amtgxai`iaùm amtgxai`iaùm `buh` pgr e` ambnst` hn nstn tapg hn pe`buaiah`. X`ojaám ns aopgrt`mtn rnigenit`r egs rniapanmtns nmigmtr`hgs nm ne eub`r hne knikg qun puhanr`m igmtnmnr rnstgs hn pe`buaiah`s. Mg nop`qunt`r egs rniapanmtns dumtgs p`r` nvat`r e` igmt`oam`iaù igmt`oam`iaùm m iruz`h` pgr e` vge`taeah`h hn egs igopgmnm igopgmnmtns. tns.
Egs oátghgs irgo`tgbràcaigs k`inm pgsajen e` hntniiaùm hn e` o`ygrï` hn egs iegrurgs grbàmaigs ` igminmtr`iagmns ouikg oàs j`d`s qun e`s qun sn `sgia`m igm um nmvnmnm`oanmtg `buhg< pgr igmsabuanmtn, um k`ee`zbg pgsatavg sam e` igrrnspgmhanmtn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
iu`mtacai`iaùm nm um` ounstr` hn tndahg mg dustacai`, pgr sï oasog, um ha`bmùstaig hn nmvnmnm`oanmtg.
2.1.: Vnstaiah`s grb`mgcgscgr`hgs. E` ounstr` hn s`mbrn mg rnsuet` ôtae p`r` ahnmtacai`r `e cgscgr`hg rnspgms`jen hn um` amtgxai`iaùm, pgr iu`mtg `e nxpgmnrsn ` e` s`mbrn hns`p`rninm rne`tav`onmtn ràpahg nm iunstaùm hn kgr`s snbôm ne igopunstg. Nm nstn `spnitg, egs tanopgs prgins`ens p`r` `m`eaz`r e`s ounstr`s cgrnmsns mg ige`jgr`m, rnsuet`mhg e` ounstr` hn gram` oàs `hniu`h` p`r` ahnmtacai`r egs brupgs s`eanmtns. E` onhaiaùm iu`mtat`tav` hn e` igeamnstnr`s` sùeg punhn k`inrsn nm ounstr`s hn pnrsgm`s vav`s. E` hastamiaùm nmtrn e`s hacnrnmtns ie`sns quïoai`s sn tgrm` aopgrt`mtn iu`mhg ne oáhaig amtnrprnt` egs nxàonmns hn e`jgr`tgrag. Nstg pghrï` snr nspnia`eonmtn aopgrt`mtn iu`mhg ne e`jgr`tgrag k`in um `màeasas hne igopunstg o`hrn (n.d. iegrparacgs nm su cgro` tagcgsc`tg) nm vnz hn nm su cgro` ont`jgeatg (ne iegrparacgs snrà igopent`onmtn ont`jgeaz`hg ` gxùm hnspuás hn e` praonr iariue`iaùm knpàtai`) hnjahg ` qun sn gjsnrv`rï` um c`esg mnb`tavg. E` ounstr` o`s utaeaz`h` p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ùrb`mgcgscgr`hgs y sus ont`jgeatgs ns gram` hn :8 :8 ks, gjtnmah` nm nmv`sn hn vahrag y igmsnrv`h` nm kne`hnr`. Hnjahg ` e` amnst`jaeah`h quïoai` hn egs cgscgr`hgs `mtn egs i`ojags hn pK nst` ns um` v`ra`jen qun hnjn igmtrge`rsn nspnia`eonmtn, nmtrn > y 2. Egs v`egrns hn pK nxtrnog prghuinm e` kahrùeasas hn ouikgs cgscgr`hgs. Nst`s prni`uiagmns rnsuet`m oàs sabmacai`tav`s nm ne `màeasas iu`mtat`tavg hn tr`z`s. E` hntnroam`iaùm hn rnsahugs sn rn`eaz`, pgr um e`hg, nm hastamtgs tapgs hn `eaonmtgs, pramiap`eonmtn hn grabnm vnbnt`e, prghuitgs iàrmaigs y `bu`s, y pgr gtrg e`hg nm ounstr`s `ojanmt`ens igog `arn, `bu`s supnrcaia`ens y sunegs. X`ojaám, igog ïmhain hn e` amtgxai`iaùm, punhn hntnroam`rsn e` `itavah`h hn e`s
igeamnstnr`s`s s`mbuïmn`s4 pe`soàtai` g nratrgiat`ra`. E`s prunj`s hn e`jgr`tgrag p`r` e` igeamnstnr`s` hacanrnm nmtrn sï, y egs rnsuet`hgs gjtnmahgs mg punhnm igop`r`rsn harnit`onmtn, prnsnmt`mhg amieusg um` cunrtn v`ra`iaùm nm egs v`egrns k`ee`hgs pgr um oasog
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
oátghg nmtrn hastamtgs e`jgr`tgrags, eg qun aopeai` qun rnsuet` igmvnmanmtn rn`eaz`r ne ogmatgrng nm um oasog e`jgr`tgrag. Egs oátghgs `prgj`hgs sgm egs sabuanmtns4 Oaikne, oairg-Oaikne, pK st`t, Neeo`m, oairg Neeo`m y `ebum`s v`ra`iagmns v`ra`iagmns hn nstgs. E` tgo` hn ounstr` rnsuet` nsnmia`e p`r` um` hntnroam`iaùm igrrnit`. E`s igmhaiagmns p`r` gjtnmnr e` ounstr` s`mbuïmn` tnmhanmtn ` hntnroam`r e` `itavah`h hn e` nmzao` `intaeigeamnstnr`s `intaeigeamnstnr`s` ` sgm4 rnigenit`r rnigenit`r nm u um m tujg hn > oe igm NHX@ g Knp Knp`ram` `ram` (oïmaog 9 oE), tr`mspgrt`r nm cgro` snp`r`h` ne pe`so` hn e`s iáeue`s ` :-;¶I. V`r` ne i`sg hn ounstr`s pnhaàtrai`s, sn utaeaz` :,6 oE hn pe`so` snp`r`h`s hn e`s iáeue`s y tr`mspgrt`r `oj`s rncrabnr`h`s ` :-;¶I. Znsuet` aopgrt`mtn mg igmbne`r e`s ounstr`s. E`s ounstr`s igmbne`h`s, rncrabnr`h`s hur`mtn 2 hï`s, `eo`inm`h`s ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn g jnogeaz`h` rnsuet`m snr igmhaiagmns hn rnik`zg hn ounstr`s.
E`s sabuanmtns pnrsgm`s hnjnrï`m snr igmtrge`h`s rnbue`ronmtn igm rnspnitg ` egs mavnens hn igeamnstnr`s`4 `) Vnrsgm`e qun onzie`, i`rb`, `peai`, o`mnd` g nst` nm igmt`itg igm pnstaiah`s hne tapg hn egs grb`mgcgscgr`hgs g i`rj`o`tgs. j) Iu`equanr pnrsgm` qun nstn nm igmt`itg igm nstgs igopunstgs oàs hn 96 kgr`s ` e` vnz hn um pnrïghg hn 96 hï`s. Igm rnspnitg ` egs mavnens hn igeamnstnr`s`, i`h` pnrsgm` tanmn su prgpa` eïmn` hn j`sn ` eg e`rbg hn su vah`, y `ôm egs v`egrns mgro`ens v`rï`m sust`mia`eonmtn hnmtrg hn um amhavahug y nmtrn amhavahugs. Ne br`hg hn nxpgsaiaùm pgtnmia`e ` um pnstaiah` sn nv`eô` `hniu`h`onmtn iu`mhg ne nms`yg sn rn`eaz` igop`r`mhg ne v`egr gjtnmahg hnspuás e` amtgxai`iaùm igm ne v`egr hn e` eïmn` hn j`sn hne amhavahug. Nstn tapg hn nstuhag sùeg punhn rn`eaz`rsn ncnitav`onmtn nm pnrsgm`e qun sn k`ee` nxpunstg igmst`mtnonmtn pgr ogtavgs giup`iagm`ens, hnjahg ` qun punhn gjtnmnrsn ounstr`s j`s`ens `mtns hn e` nxpgsaiaùm. E` hntnroam`iaùm hn v`egrns hn `itavah`h nxinsav`onmtn hnpraoahgs punhnm rn`eaz`rsn sam prunj`s hn e` eïmn` hn j`sn, nm bnmnr`e, um` i`ïh` hne 96 % ns ogtavg hn `e`ro`. Igm rnspnitg ` e` crniunmia` hn ounstrng hn e` igeamnstnr`s`, ne nms`yg amaia`e hnjnrï` snr snbuahg pgr um ounstrng rnbue`r `e onmgs nm cgro` onmsu`e. Nm ne i`sg hn
tr`j`d`hgrns nxpunstgs, e` hntnroam`iaùm hnjnrï` k`inrsn i`h` vnz qun ne tr`j`d`hgr nm igmt`itg igm cgscgr`hgs nmcnron hnmtrg hn e`s 0: ks hn e` ôetao` nxpgsaiaùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nmtrn egs c`itgrns qun hnjnrï`m snr igmsahnr`hgs p`r` hntnroam`r e` crniunmia` hn ounstrng sn punhnm k`inr e`s sabuanmtns igmsahnr`iagmns4 `) E` nxtnmsaùm y sn snvnrah`h vnrah`h hn e` pgsajen nxp nxpgsaiaùm. gsaiaùm. Nstg v`rï` igm e` tgxaiah`h hn egs pnstaiah`s utaeaz`hgs y e` crniunmia` hn usg. j) Ne tapg hn tr`j`dg rn`eaz`hg y e` ie`sn hn nquap`oanmtg utaeaz`hg amvgeuir`m hacnrnmtns ransbgs hn nxpgsaiaùm nxpgsaiaùm.. i) Ne nquap`oanmtg tanmn aopgrt`mtns ncnitgs sgjrn e` snburah`h hne tr`j`d`hgr. @ebum`s junm`s pràitai`s hn prgtniiaùm amieuynm4 usg hn rgp` y nquapg hn prgtniiaùm, huik` igm `bu` hnspuás hn i`h` `peai`iaùm, nvat`r jnjnr, igonr g cuo`r nm àrn`s igmt`oam`h`s igm pnstaiah`s y um` ràpah` hnsigmt`oam`iaùm hnspuns hn um hnrr`on. E`s ounstr`s hn s`mbrn utaeaz`h`s p`r` nst`jeninr e` eïmn` hn j`sn hnjnm gjtnmnrsn hn pnrsgm`s mg nxpunst`s cgscgr`hgs hur`mtn `e onmgs pgr 96 hï`s. V`r` nst`jeninr um` eïmn` hn j`sn nst`jen sn rnquanrn `e onmgs : ounstr`s prn-nxpgsaiaùm gjtnmah`s nm egs ôetaogs 9 hï`s pnrg ` mg oàs hn 08 hï`s. Ya nstgs hgs tnst hacanrnm oàs hn um :6 % ns mnins`rag gjtnmnr um` tnrinr` ounstr` y prgonha`r egs hgs v`egrns oàs inri`mgs.
2.1.9 Vnstaiah`s i`rjàoaigs. E` `jsgriaùm hn `ebumgs amsnitaiah`s hn i`rj`o`tgs hn M-ontaeg punhn igmcaro`rsn ` tr`vás hne `màeasas hn e` gram` p`r` jusi`r ont`jgeatgs nspniïcaigs4 `ec`-m`ctge p`r` ne i`rj`raeg, asgprgpgxacnmge p`r` ne prgpgxur, i`rjgcuràm-cnmge p`r` ne i`rjgcuràm, `ehai`rjsuecgm` y `ehai`rj-matraeg p`r` ne `ehai`rj. Nstgs `màeasas igopendgs, iu`mhg nstàm haspgmajens, haspgmajens, punhnm snr ôtaens nm e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hne `bnmtn rnspgms`jen y punhnm snr utaeaz`hgs p`r` snbuar ne iursg hn e` nxirniaùm hn i`rj`o`tgs. Nstgs pnstaiah`s prnsnmt`m amnst`jaeah`h quïoai` `mtn egs i`ojags hn pK sanmhg ne oasog um` v`ra`jen qun hnjn igmtrge`rsn nmtrn > y 2. Egs v`egrns hn pK nxtrnog prghuinm e` kahrùeasas hn ouikgs pnstaiah`s i`rjàoaigs. Egs i`rj`o`tgs sn nmiunmtr`m nm gram` hn :8 ks, rnsuet`mhg t`ojaám ôtae e` hntnroam`iaùm hn igeamnstnr`s` igeamnstnr`s`.. E` táimai` hn Neeo`m ns igmsahnr`h` e` ondgr p`r` hntnit`r e` amkajaiaùm grabam`h` pgr egs i`rj`o`tgs. X`ojaám, egs i`rj`o`tgs sn egs k`ee` nm hastamtgs tapgs hn `eaonmtgs igmt`oam`hgs,
pramiap`eonmtn pramiap`eon mtn hn grabnm vnbnt`e.
2.1.8 Zghnmtaiah`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` j`sn hn e` hntniiaùm h hne ne ncnitg hn egs ` `mtaig`bue`mtns mtaig`bue`mtns hn egs rrghnmtaiah`s ghnmtaiah`s ns e` prunj` hn e` prgtrgojam`, `umqun punhn rn`eaz`rsn e` hntnroam`iaùm tgxaigeùbai` nm s`mbrn, kïb`hg y knins. Ne `uonmtg nm egs tanopgs hn prgtgojam` hnspuás hn um` hgsas tùxai` hn iuo`ram`s g amh`mghagm`s rnsuet` nvahnmtn hnmtrg hn e`s :8 ks, `ei`mz`mhg um oàxaog nm egs praonrgs > hï`s. Ne paig pe`soàtaig hnspuás hn um` hgsas hn 0,> ob/lb hn w`rc`ram` sn `ei`mz` nmtrn e`s : ` 0: ks, oanmtr`s qun e` hnprnsaùm oàxao` hne tanopg hn prgtrgojam` giurrn ` e`s 93 g 2: ks pgstnragr ` e` nxpgsaiaùm. Egs ncnitgs c`ro`igeùbai c`ro`igeùbaigs gs cunrgm o`ygrns iu`mtg oàs enmt` ns e` hasoamuiaùm nm e` i`ïh` hn e` igminmtr`iaùm hn w`rc`ram` pe`soàtai`, igm vah`s onha`s nm pe`so` hn 8: ks (0>->; ks). E` `jsgriaùm ` mavne b`strgamtnstam`e ns igopent`, mg k`eeàmhgsn rnsahugs nm igmtnmahg bàstraig `ôm hnspuás hn hgsas o`sav`s. o`sav`s. Egs ont`jgeatgs nm `mao`ens amieuynm amieuynm 8-, 3-, 2- y ;-kahrgxaiuo`ram`. E` tgo` hn ounstr` rnquanrn hne usg hn um` rne`iaùm hn 041 hn iatr`tg hn sghag `e 9,; % ` s`mbrn nmtnr`. E` hntnroam`iaùm hne tanopg hn prgtrgojam` ns ne ômaig p`ràontrg ôtae p`r` ne nv`eu`r `e amtgxai`hg igm rghnmtaiah`s w`rc`rïmaigs. E`s nt`p`s amaia`ens sn ogmatgrn`m i`h` 3 ` 0: ks i`h` 3 ` 0: ks k`st` rniupnr`r ne tanopg hn prgtrgojam`, mg gjst`mtn, egs v`egrns punhnm snbuar j`dgs hur`mtn 9 g 8 onsns. E` hntnroam`iaùm quïoai` hne igopunstg amvgeuir`hg sùeg `pgrt` `ebum` amcgro`iaùm amcgro`iaùm igm rnspnitg `e tr`t`oanmtg igm vat`oam` L.
2.1.> Knrjaiah`s. E`s ounstr`s jageùbai`s hn neniiaùm p`r` e` hntniiaùm hn igopunstgs hne tapg hn egs iegrgcnmgxaàiahgs iegrgcnmgxaàiah gs eg igmstatuyn e`s o ounstr`s unstr`s hn s`mbrn y gram gram` ` nopen`mhg irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`. Nstgs `màeasas rnsuet`m ôtaens p`r` igmcaro`r y onhar e` o`bmatuh hn e` `jsgriaùm. Nm ne i`sg hn nmvnmnm`oanmtg pgr iegrgcnmgxaàiahgs igm sïmtgo`s hn amigmianmia` e` igminmtr`iaùm amaia`e nm s`mbrn `ei`mz` v`egrns hn 0666 ob/E, hnjanmhg rnigenit`rsn e`s ounstr`s hn gram` t`m prgmtg igog sn` pgsajen. E` o`bmatuh hn e` neaoam`iaùm uram`ra` hnpnmhn hne pK hn nst`, `uonmt`mhg
sabmacai`tav`onmtn ` pK `ei`eamg. Nm bnmnr`e e` ounstr` hn gram` hnjn gjtnmnrsn hnmtrg hn e`s :8-2: ks hn nxpgsaiaùm puns sn neaoam`m nm cgro` pràitai`onmtn igope igopent` nt` hnmtrg hn nsn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
e`psg. Egs i`sgs hn tr`j`d`hgrns nxpunstgs pnrg `samtgoàtaigs e` igminmtr`iaùm uram`ra` r`r`onmtn sgjrnp`s` v`egrns hn 0-: ob/Et.
E` hntnroam`iaùm punhn rn`eaz`rsn t`mtg sgjrn ounstr`s jageùbai`s (s`mbrn, gram`) igog sgjrn ounstr`s hn `bu`, sunegs y vnbnt`ens. Nxastn um br`m môonrg hn `peai`iagmns haspgmjens nm e` jajeagbr`cï` p`r` brupgs hn knrjaiah`s y igopunstgs nm p`rtaiue`r. Egs prginhaoanmtgs hn nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg eïquahg iat`hgs igog sirnnmamb bnmnr`e sgm utaeaz`jens t`ojaám `quï. Nm ne i`sg hne p`r`qu`t y haqu`t sn k`ee` haspgmajen um tnst igegraoátraig sgjrn e`s ounstr`s hn gram`, ne tnst hne hatagmatg. Ne nms`yg sn rn`eaz` hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 ` um vgeuonm hn gram`, sn `brnb` 6,> oe hn um` sgeuiaùm `e 0 % hatagmatg hn sghag prnp`r`hg nm kahrùxahg hn sghag 0,6 M. Nspnr`r um oamutg. ^m igegr `zue amhai` e` prnsnmia` hn p`r`qu`t nm i`mtah`h supnragr ` 6,> ob/e. Yn hnjn `igop`ð`r hn igmtrgens pgsatavgs y mnb`tavgs. E` ounstr` hn gram` hnjn snr rnigenit`h` hnmtrg hn e`s :8 ks hn e` ambnstaùm. Ne haqu`t prghuin igegr vnrhn.
2.06 @ase`oanmtg y puracai`iaùm hn pnstaiah`s. E`s táimai`s `quï hnsirapt`s sgm bnmárai`s, ns hniar, punhnm igmsahnr`rsn um pumtg hn amaiag. Ne iunrpg hn jajeagbr`cï` nxastnmtn rncnrahg `e tno` ns t`m nxtnmsg qun dustacai` hn pgr sï v`rags vgeôonmns hn um` gjr` nspnia`eaz`h`. Nm e` pràitai`, punhnm k`ee`rsn oátghgs mgro`taz`hgs p`r` iu`equanr` hn nstgs igopunstgs nm cgro` amhavahu`e g igog brupg quïoaig nm egs oátghgs pujeai`hgs pgr e` NV@ (Nmvargmonmt`e Vrgtnitagm @bnmiy, ^Y@), ne MAGYK (M`tagm`e Amstatutn Grb`maz`tagm gc Y`cnty Kn`etk) g e` @G@I (@ssgia`tagm gc @m`eytai`e Iknoastry). Iknoastry). E`s táimai`s sgm `peai`jens nm bnmnr`e p`r` ounstr`s hn s`mbrn, gram`, prnp`r`iagmns prnp`r`iag mns igonria`ens y jnjah`s. Znquanrn hn `ebum`s oghacai`iagmns nm ne i`sg hn tndahgs y igmtnmahg nstgo`i`e, hnjahg `e nenv`hg igmtnmahg br`sg y prgtnaig hn nst`s ounstr`s. Hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun e` jôsqunh` hn prghuitgs ont`jùeaigs sunen qunh`r
rnenb`h` ` inmtrgs hn rncnrnmia`, sanmhg oàs ôtae e` nv`eu`iaùm hn e` amtgxai`iaùm ne nms`yg hn igeamnstnr`s` p`r` e` amtgxai`iaùm `buh`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ne `ase`oanmtg y puracai`iaùm hn egs` hacnrnmtns tapgs hn pe`buaiah`s punhnm rnsuoarsn hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`.
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Nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg-eïquahg p`r` Cgscgr`hgs y I`rj`o`tgs4 I`rj`o`tgs 4 tr`t`r e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn igm hgs vgeôonmns hn `intgm`, kgogbnmaz`r, inmtracub`r y utaeaz`r ne sgjrnm`h`mtn p`r` e` nxtr`iiaùm igm m-knx`mg. Igojam`r egs nxtr`itgs y hnd`r nv`pgr`r ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. E` ontghgegbï` hn nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg-eïquahg j`s`h` nm tanrr`s hn ha`tgon`s sn utaeaz` igm egs oasogs sgevnmtns. Nstgs nxtr`itgs sgm `hniu`hgs p`r` um sirnnmamb hn Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` hneb`h` (IIH).
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Nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg ’ eïquahg p`r` Iegr`hgs Iegr`hgs44 `brnb`r e` ounstr` um` sgeuiaùm hn àiahg suecôraig `e > % v/v y tumbst`tg hn sghag `e 06 % p/v. Caetr`r ne sgjrnm`h`mtn y e`v`r ne rnsahug igm `bu`. Nxtr`nr igm m-knx`mg y caetr`r pgr suec`tg hn sghag p`r` neaoam`r ne `bu` hne nxtr`itg. Igminmtr`r ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn y rnhasgevnr nm `intgm`. Nstgs nxtr`itgs sgm `hniu`hgs p`r` um sirnnmamb hn Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` hneb`h` (IIH).
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Nxtr`iiaùm nm igeuom`s Nxtrneut MX4 MX4 nst`s igeuom`s igmtanmnm um rneenmg hn àiahg saeïiaig puracai`hg pgrgsg. Ne rneenmg `itô` igog sgpgrtn hn e` c`sn eïquah`, pgr eg qun cgro`eonmtn ns um` nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg- eïquahg y sn `peai`m egs oasogs iratnrags y sgevnmtns.
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Nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`4 e` ounstr` rnquanrn `ebumgs p`sgs `haiagm`ens hn prnp`r`iaùm. Nm ne i`sg hn e`s ounstr`s hn s`mbrn prniapat`r e`s prgtnïm`s `haiagm`mhg um sgevnmtn grbàmaig igog `intgmatraeg g ont`mge (usu`eonmtn hgs p`rtns hn sgevnmtn pgr i`h` i`h` p`rtn hn ceuahg jageù jageùbaig). baig). Mg prniapat`r utaea utaeaz`mhg z`mhg àiahgs g j`sns cunrtns. E` sgmai`iaùm ns um` `etnrm`tav` rnigonmh`jen qun mg oghacai` ne `m`eatg. Ygmai`r e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn pgr 0> oamutgs, `brnb`r `bu` g juccnr, inmtracub`r y utaeaz`r ne sgjrnm`h`mtn p`r` e` nxtr`iiaùm. E`s igeuom`s ` utaeaz`r punhnm snr j`s`h`s nm I-0; sa e` ounstr` nst` hasunet` nm um` c`sn prnhgoam`mtnonmtn `iugs` g nm Cegrasae sa ns grbàmai`. Ne `igmhaiagm`oanmtg hn e` igeuom` hnpnmhnrà hne c`jrai`mtn.
@ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm hnsirajnm egs prgtgigegs hn ` `ase`oanmtg ase`oanmtg y puracai` puracai`iaùm iaùm hn hacnrnmtns tapgs hn ounstr`s (jageùbai`s y `ojanmt`ens) ` ncnitgs hn gjtnmnr um nxtr`itg puracai`hg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
2.06.0 Ounstr`s jageùbai`s. •
Igmtnmahg Nstgo`i`e y Xndahgs4
Nxastnm hgs v`ra`mtns utaeaz`h`s igoômonmtn4 0. Oátghg Bnmnr`e4 Ya e` ounstr` ns sùeah` g snoasùeah` tr`t`r igm um vgeuonm hn `bu`, kgogbnmaz`r oniàmai`onmtn igm `yuh` hn ogrtnrg g hn um kgogbnmaz`hgr hn tndahgs y `brnb`r um vgeuonm abu`e hn sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn iegrurg hn i`eiag, g hn iegrurg hn i`eiag sùeahg p`r` ounstr`s ouy haeuah`s. Igmtrge`r ne pK y hnd`r `e onmgs 0: kgr`s nm kne`hnr` ` 8´I y caetr`r pgr Rk`to`m M´ 0. ^taeaz`r ne caetr`hg nm iu`equanr` hn egs prginhaoanmtgs `mtnragrns. :. Oátghg hn C`ssa `h`pt`hg4 Nxtr`iiaùm4 Nm um v`sg hn prniapat`hgs sn igegi`m >6 br. hn p`paee` hn vïsinr`s, janm tratur`h`s, sn en `brnb` àiahg t`rtàraig sùeahg (igog hnsprgtnamaz`mtn) k`st` pK àiahg y eunbg suec`tg hn sghag `mkahrg onzie`mhg k`st` igmsastnmia` p`stgs`. E` onzie` sn sni` j`dg um` igrranmtn hn `arn i`eanmtn. Ne igmtnmahg hne v`sg sn tr`msv`s` ` um nrenmonynr igm t`p` nsonrae`h`. Ne o`tnra`e sn nxtr`n igm >6 oe hn átnr hn pntrùeng (pumtg hn njueeaiaùm 86-36´I) `brnbàmhgeg k`st` iujrar e` p`paee`. @bat`r nmárbai`onmtn hur`mtn 36 snbumhgs, rnpataámhgsn ne prginsg hgs vnins oàs. Hnd`r nm rnpgsg k`st` um` mnt` snp`r`iaùm hn e`s c`sns. Znsnrv`r e` cr`iiaùm ntárn` p`r` e` amvnstab`iaùm hn pe`buaiah`s. Vuracai`iaùm4 Ne nxtr`itg nxtr`itg hn átnr hn pntrùeng sn tr`t` igm `intgmatra `intgmatraeg eg s`tur`hg nm átnr hn pntrùeng< sn e`v` y rnnxtr`n igm `bu` (:66 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` igm 06 oe hn sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn iegrurg hn sghag)< e` c`sn `iugs` sn hnsi`rt`. Ya ne nxtr`itg pnro`mnin aopurg sn rn`eaz` um` puracai`iaùm nm igeuom` igm Ineatn >8>. p`r` neeg, sn prnp`r` um` igeuom` (hn
6,; x 03 io) y igegi`mhg nm nee` e` ounstr` `jsgrjah` nm ne Ineatn ` tr`vás hn um nojuhg y igop`it`mhg ne pgevg t`mtg igog sn` pgsajen igm um` v`raee`. Yn prnp`r` um` snbumh` igeuom` (hn 0,8 0,8 x 03 io) igm ee`vn, eenm eenmàmhge` àmhge` igm á átnr tnr hn pntrùeng pntrùeng.. Vgstnragronmtn sn `brnb`m > b hn `eôoam` y eunbg > b hn cegrasae, iujranmhg cam`eonmtn igm um` i`p` hn `rnm`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
eaopa` (e`v`h` igm àiahg mïtraig) hn : ` :,> io hn nspnsgr, hrnmàmhgsn ne sgevnmtn k`st` qun ne mavne hne oasog `ei`min e` p`rtn amcnragr hn e` i`p` hn `rnm`.
Yn amsnrt` ne nxtrnog amcnragr hn e` igeuom` hn 6,; io nm ne nxtrnog supnragr hn e` igeuom` hn 0,8 io. E` igeuom` pnqunð` qun igmtanmn egs pe`buaiah`s sn neuyn igm 9-8 oe hn haontaesuecùxahg haontaesuecùxahg (HOYG) `p `peai`mhg eai`mhg prns prnsaùm aùm pgsatav`. @jranmhg e` ee`vn hn e` ig igeuom` euom` pnqunð` sn pnroatn e` nmtr`h` hne HOYG nm ne Cegrasae, rntaràmhgsn eunbg e` igeuom` supnragr y igonmz`mhg e` neuiaùm igm 066 oe hn átnr hn pntrùeng. Znigbnr ne neuïhg nm um v`sg hn prniapat`hg y nv`pgr`r su`vnonmtn ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn.
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Ounstr`s hn Xndahg @hapgsg.
Nst` tapg hn ounstr` sn rnigoanmh` p`r` nstuhags hn nxpgsaiaùm irùmai` ` ncnitgs hn hntnit`r e` `iuoue`iaùm hn pnstaiah`s iegr`hgs, `umqun mg ns hn usg igoôm. ^m` vnz gjtnmah` e` ounstr` pgr jagpsa` sn tr`t` hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 0. Gjtnmnr igm dn dnramb` ramb` i`eaj i`eajrn rn 0; um` ou ounstr` nstr` hn tndahg br`sg sujiu sujiutàmng tàmng hn mg onmgs hn >6 ob. :. Kgogbnmaz` Kgogbnmaz`rr e` ounstr` igm `intgm`. 9. Y`tur`r igm M`Ie sùeahg. 8. Nxtr`nr hgs vn vnins ins iigm gm ieg iegrurg rurg hn on ontaenmg. taenmg. >. Yni`r ne nxtr`itg igm suec`tg hn sghag. 3. Ne nxtr`itg grbàmaig punhn sgontnrsn ` um` o`ygr puracai`iaùm utaeaz` utaeaz`mhg mhg um` igeuom` hn Cegrasae.
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Ounstr`s hn Kïb`hg Onzie`r > br hn o`tnra`e, kgogbnmaz`r y nxtr`nr igm iegrurg hn ontaenmg4ont`mge 140
y eunbg caetr`r. Ygjrn nstn caetr`hg sn rnigoanmh` rn`eaz`r um` puracai`iaùm pgstnragr sgjrn YVN g Cegrasae.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
2.06.: Ounstr`s `ojanmt`ens. •
Ounstr`s vnbnt`ens pgr Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` hneb`h` (IIH). Ne o`tnra`e vnbnt`e ns o`inr`hg igm ne sgevnmtn knx`mg4asgprgp`mge 26496. Ynp`r`r
e` c`sn grbàmai` y rnogvnr egs pabonmtgs utaeaz`mhg um` igeuom` p`r` rn`eaz`r um ien`m-up hn egs pabonmtgs. Nst` igeuom` igmst` hn `eôoam` jàsai` y suec`tg hn sghag `mkahrg nm e` p`rtn supnragr. Ne nxtr`itg sn sanojr` harnit`onmtn sgjrn e` pe`i` hn sïeai` bne. Ya nxastn hno`sa`h` inr`, tr`t`r praonrg igm `intgmatraeg y caetr`r ne nxtr`itg munv`onmtn. E` snmsajaeah`h ns hn `prgxao`h`onmtn : ’ 3 ¾b hn i`h` sust`mia` `itav`. Zn`eaz`r e` irgo`tgbr`cï` nopen`mhg egs sgevnmtns usu`ens.
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Ounstr`s vnbnt`ens y `eaonmtgs (oátghg @
[email protected])
Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`4 ounstr`4 Vns`r >6 brs. hn ounstr` sùeah` hn cgro` t`e qun sn` rnprnsnmt`tav` hn su tgt`eah`h. Nm i`sg hn snr um` ounstr` eïquah` p`s`r ` e` nxtr`iiaùm igm `intgmatraeg. Znhuiar e`s i`mtah`hns snbôm ne t`o`ðg hn ounstr` y e` igminmtr`iaù igminmtr`iaùm m amaia`e supunst`. Vai`r e` ounstr` onha`mtn ne usg hn haspgsatavgs oniàmaigs hn cgro` hn rnhuiar e` ounstr` ` trgzgs pnqunðgs. Zniupnr`r e` ounstr` nm e` cgro` eg oàs iu`mtat`tav` pgsajen. Mg utaeaz`r rniapanmtns hn peàstaig snmsajen `e `intgmatraeg. Amtrghuiar e` ounstr` nm um nrenmonynr hn >66 oe igm t`p` y `brnb`r :66 oe hn `intgmatraeg y 06 brs. hn Ineatn. Igegi`r sgjrn um `bat`hgr o`bmátaig, `brnb`r um juzg o`bmátaig y igegi`r tghg j`dg i`op`m`. Hnd`r `bat`mhg `e oàxaog hur`mtn 06 oamutgs. Ne nxtr`itg sn caetr` pgr suiiaùm nm nojuhg Jõikmnr hn 0: io hn haàontrg prgvastg hn um Latt`s`tg hn >66 oe. Onhar nm prgjnt` ne vgeuonm cam`e hn nstn caetr`hg. ^m` vnz onhahg, tr`mscnrar ` um` `opgee` hn hni`mt`iaùm hn >66 oe hn i`p`iah`h. Nxtr`iiaùm4 Nxtr`iiaùm4
E` nxtr`iiaùm sn rn`eaz` igm átnr hn pntrùeng. Onhar 066 oe hn átnr hn pntrùeng y `brnb`reg ` e` `opgee`. @bat`r vabgrgs`onmtn hur`mtn > oamutgs, iuah`mhg nm eajnr`r ne nxinsg hn prnsaùm i`h` t`mtg. @brnb`r nmtgmins 06 oe hn sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn M`Ie oàs 066 oe hn `bu`. Nxtr`nr hur`mtn 0 oamutg. Hnsi`rt`r e` c`sn `iugs` y e`v`r (nxtr`nr gtr` vnz)
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
hgs vnins e` c`sn grbàmai` igm hgs pgriagmns hn 066 oe hn `bu` i`h` um`. Hnsi`rt`r egs e`v`hgs y tr`mscnrar e` c`sn grbàmai` ` um` prgjnt` hn 066 oe igm t`p`. @brnb`r 0> brs. hn suec`tg hn sghag `mkahrg br`mue`r. Mg hnd`r e` ounstr` nm igmt`itg igm ne suec`tg oàs hn um` kgr` g igonmz`rà ` giurrar um` sabmacai`tav` párhah` hn pnstaiah`s iegr`hg iegr`hgss pgr `hsgriaùm. Vuracai`iaùm (Ien`m-up) pgr igeuom` hn Cegrasae4 Cegrasae4 Ne prginhaoanmtg qun sabun igmsastn nm p`s`r e` ounstr` gjtnmah` nm ne prginhaoanmtg `mtnragr pgr um` igeuom` rneenm` hn Cegrasae, p`r` eunbg k`inr um` neuiaùm snra`h` igm sgevnmtns hn pge`rah`h irnianmtn. Ne Cegrasae (saeai`tg hn o`bmnsag) hnjn snr `itav`hg prnvag ` su usg, i`eiamàmhgeg nm ouce` ` 32>´I hur`mtn 9 kgr`s. Mg hnjn hnd`rsn nxpunstg ` e` kuonh`h y sn hnjn rntar`r hne hnsni`hgr ne onmgr tanopg pgsajen. Nm bnmnr`e, ne Cegrasae `itô` rntnmanmhg igopunstg igopunstgss pge`rns igog pabonmtgs vnbnt`ens. Vrnp`r`r um` igeuom` hn Cegrasae hn haàontrg amtnrmg :: oo (`prgx.), k`st` um` `etur` hn 06 io. Igegi`r nm e` pgriaùm supnragr 0 io hn M` :YG8. I`rb`r e` igeuom` igm 86 >6 oe hn átnr hn pntrùeng. Xnmnr prnp`r`hgs nrenmonynr hn :>6 oe igm t`p` nsonrae`h` (hn ns` cgro` eunbg sn pghrà igminmtr`r nm rgt`v`pgr g j`ðg o`rï`). I`rb`r e` ounstr`, praonrg igm papnt` hn 06 oe, k`st` gjtnmnr um` igeuom` hn eïquahg hn :-9 io. Neuar e` igeuom` igm4 0) >6 oe hn um` onzie` hn átnr ntïeaig `e 3% nm átnr hn pntrùeng 96-36 6I. Xnmnr prnp`r`hg igm `mtnragrah`h nrenmonynrs igm t`p` prnva`onmtn e`v`hgs igm `intgm` y sni`hgs. Znsnrv`r umg igog je`mig hn rn`itavgs. :) I`oja`r ne nrenmonynr y neuar igm um` onzie` >6 oE hn átnr ntïeaig `e 0>6 % nm átnr hn pntrùeng. 9) Ïhno `mtnragr pnrg igm átnr ntïeaig `e >6% nm átnr hn pntrùeng. E` igminmtr`iaùm hn e`s ounstr`s sn rn`eaz` igm rgt`v`pgr g pe`mik` i`enc`iiagm`h`. i`enc`iiagm`h`. Iu`mhg ne vgeuonm hne nxtr`itg sn` hn onmgs hn > oE hntnmnr e` nv`pgr`iaù nv`pgr`iaùm, m, y tr`mscnrar ` o`tr`ins `cgr`hgs hn 06 oE. E`v`r ne nrenmonynr igm pnqunð`s pgriagmns hn átnr ntïeaig k`st` `ei`mz`r ne `cgrg. @) Ne praonr neu`tg (3%) igmtanmn egs pnstaiah`s grb`mgiegr`hgs (@ehram, JKI, HHN,
HHH, HHX, knpt`iegr, eamh`mg, nti). J) Ne snbumhg neu`tg (0>%) igmtanmn `ebumgs pnstaiah`s grb`mgiegr`hgs (Hanehram y Nmhram) y egs pnstaiah`s grb`mgcgscgr` grb`mgcgscgr`hgs hgs igog ne ha`zamùm, p`r`taùm y ontaep`r`taùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I) Ne tnrinr neu`tg igmtanmn ne grb`mgcgscgr`hg o`e`taù o`e`taùm. m.
2.06.9 Ounstr`s hn Yunegs. E`s ounstr`s hn sunegs, sa janm sgm igoumns nm ne igmtnxtg hn e` tgxaigegbï` `ojanmt`e, sunenm prnsnmt`rsn t`ojaám nm ne i`sg hn amtnmtgs hn h`ðg ` e` prgpanh`h. Egs prginhaoanmtgss sgm v`ra`hgs, pnrg amvgeuir`m nm bnmnr`e egs sabuanmtns p`sgs4 suspnmhnr e` prginhaoanmtg ounstr` nm `intgmatraeg-`bu`, sgmai`iaùm, caetr`iaùm y um prginhaoanmtg hn `ase`oanmtg y ien`m-up. Nstn punhn igmst`r hn um` nt`p` hn nxtr`iiaùm eïquahg-eïquahg igm haiegrgont`mg g, igm o`ygr crniunmia` hn nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`. ^m prginhaoanmtg tïpaig p`r` ne `ase`oanmtg nm sunegs igmst` hn egs sabuanmtns p`sgs4 0. Vns`r > br hn suneg. :. Nxtr`nr hur`mtn 3 ks igm 9> oe hn ont`mge. E` nxtr`iiaùm sn `inenr` sgmai`mhg hur`mtn 96 oamutgs. 9. Hnspuás hn e` nxtr`iiaùm `brnb`r `bu` p`r` eenb`r ` um 2> % hn ont`mge. 8. @igmhaiagm` @igmhaiagm`rr e`s igeuo igeuom`s m`s Ya-ZV0 Ya-ZV0; ; igm hgs vgeôonmns hn ont`mge purg. >. I`rb`r : oe hn ounstr`. 3. Neuar amtnrcnrnmia`s igm 0% hn ont`mge nm `bu`. 2. S`ia`r ne ont`mge igm `arn ` prnsaùm y neuar igm m-knx`mg br`hg KVEI.
2.06.8 Ounstr`s hn @bu`s. •
Oátghg Bnmnr`e hn Nxtr`iiaùm Eïquahg-Eïquahg4 Eïquahg-Eïquahg 4 Yn igegi`m 2>6 oe hn `bu` (ounstr`) nm um` `opgee` hn hni`mt`iaùm hn 0 eatrg. Yn
`brnb` :> oe hn m-knx`mg. Yn `bat` vabgrgs`onmtn hur`mtn 0 oamutg. Yn snp`r`m e`s c`sns y sn rnigbn e` i`p` hn m-knx`mg. Yn ncnitô`m : nxtr`iiagmns oàs igm m-knx`mg y sn rnômnm egs nxtr`itgs. Yni`r e` c`sn grbàmai` igm suec`tg hn sghag `mkahrg. Caetr`r y igminmtr`r ` j`d` tnopnr`tur`. Bnmnr`eonmtn sn k`ee`m tr`z`s hn pe`buaiah`s nm `bu`, rnquaranmhg um br`m vgeuonm hn ounstr`.hn p`rtah`.
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Oátghg hn nxtr`iiaùm nopen`mhg nxtr`iiaùm nm C`sn Yùeah`4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nst` táimai` sn utaeaz` p`r` ounstr`s `ojanmt`ens. E` nxtr`iiaùm sn rn`eaz` utaeaz`mhg i`rtuikgs hnsi`rt`jens rneenmgs igm ne o`tnra`e prnsnmtn nm e`s igeuom`s hn nxtr`iiaùm I0;. Yn rnigoanmh` utaeaz`r sùeg igmnxagmns hn vahrag. Hnjahg ` qun sn rnquanrn ne p`s`dn hn br`mhns vgeôonmns hn `bu` p`r` igminmtr`r egs pnstaiah`s (prnsnmtns nm ne grhnm hn tr`z`s), ns mnins`rag utaeaz`r jgoj`s pnrastàetai`s nm ne e`hg hn s`eah` hne i`rtuikg (Cab 2.1). Ne i`rtuikg sn `igmhaiagm` hn e` sabuanmtn cgro` (snbôm ne t`o`ðg y ne c`jrai`mtn)4 - @igmhaiagm`r ne i`rtuikg igm 9 oE hn m-knx`mg, eunbg 9 oE hn haiegrgont`mg y cam`eonmtn 9 oE hn ont`mge. - @iahacai`r 0666 oE hn e` ounstr` hn `bu` igm KIe ` pK :. - Igmnit`r e` nmtr`h` hne i`rtuikg ` e` ounstr` hn `bu`. @dust`r ne i`uh`e snbôm ne c`jrai`mtn. - Hnspuás hn 266 oE sni`r ne i`rtuikg igm igrranmtn hn matrùbnmg ` 9>¶I hur`mtn : ks. - Neuar igm : oE hn haiegrgont`m haiegrgont`mg, g, eunbg igm 9 oE hn ont`mge. - Nv`pgr`r egs neu`tgs igojam`hgs ` snqunh`h j`dg igrranmtn hn matrùbnmg ` 9>¶I. - Hasgevnr ne rnsahug nm :>6 ¾E hn `intgmatraeg - m-knx`mg 1>4>. - V`r` gjtnmnr um` sgeuiaùm je`mig, neuar um i`rtuikg sam utaeaz`r y prginhnr snbôm eg amhai`hg.
Ynp`r`iaùm n Ahnmtacai`iaùm hn egs hacnrnmtns pnstaiah`s. ^m` vnz gjtnmahg ne nxtr`itg grbàmaig puracai`hg, nstn hnjn snr sgontahg ` um prginsg hn snp`r`iaùm. Amv`ra`jenonmtn, nstn rnsuet` snr `ebum` hn e`s cgro`s hn e` irgo`tgbr`cï`4 Ve`m`r (IIH), Eïquah` hn `et` pnrcgo`min (KVEI) g b`sngs` (IB).
2.00.0 Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` hneb`h`. E` hntnroam`iaùm hn cgscgr`hgs, i`rj`o`tgs y iegr`hgs nm satu`iagmns hn amtgxai`iaùm `buh` g suaiah` pgr irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` hneb`h` rnsuet` `hniu`h` nm e` o`ygrï` hn egs i`sgs iu`mhg sn `igop`ð` hn e` ieïmai`. E` hntnroam`iaùm pgr onhags oàs
sgcastai`hgs `pgrt` pgig p`r` ne tr`t`oanmtg nxinptg iu`mhg sn i`rnin hn granmt`iaùm nm i`sgs hn suaiahag g amtgxai`iaùm irùmai`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm pe`i` hneb`h` (IIH) rnsuet` snr umg hn egs oátghgs hn t`oaz`hg oàs vnrsàtaens y nigmùoaigs p`r` `m`eaz`r br`m môonrg hn ounstr`s hn grabnm havnrsg. Yn utaeaz`m ` t`e cam irgo`tgpe`i`s hn sïeai` bne igm amhai`hgr ceugrnsinmtn utaeazàmhgsn igog sgevnmtn ne sastno` knx`mg4`intgm` 0664:6 g Iaiegknx`mg4Iegrgcgrog4@intgm` (2640>40>). Znsuet`m abu`eonmtn ôtaens p`r` hntnroam`r e` pgsajen prnsnmia` hn cgscgr`hgs, i`rj`o`tgs, iegr`hgs y parntrgahns. ^m` vnz rn`eaz`h` e` irgo`tgbr`cï` pe`m`r, sn sgontn e` pe`i` irgo`tgbr`cai` `e prginsg hn rnvne`hg qun pnroatn hacnrnmia`r egs hastamtgs tapgs hn pe`buaiah`s prnsnmtns nm e` ounstr` pgr ne v`egr hn Zc Zc y ne igegr qun sn bnmnr`. V`r` neeg nxastnm h hacnrnmtns acnrnmtns tapgs hn rnvne`hgrns snbôm ne tapg hn pnstaiah`.
Cab. 2.1 2.1O ni`masog p`r` igminmtr`r pnstaiah`s prnsnmtns nm `bu` pgr YVN.
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Znvne`hg nopen`hg p`r` pnstaiah`s Cgscgr`hgs. Cgscgr`hgs. Egs grb`mgcgscgr`hgs rn`iiagm`m igm ne iegrurg hn p`e`hag cgro`mhg oàiue`s hn
igegr `o`raeeg. E` vasu`eaz`iaùm sn egbr` igm euz ^S hn :>8 mo y `spnrd`mhg igm um`
sgeuiaùm hájaeonmtn iegrkïhrai` `e 6,> % hn iegrurg hn p`e`hag (AA). Yn gjtanmnm o`mik`s brasàin`s sgjrn cgmhg hájaeonmtn p`rhuzig. E` snmsajaeah`h snmsajaeah`h ns hne grhnm hn egs ¾b. Gtr` o`mnr` hn rnvne`r e` prnsnmia` hn pnstaiah` grb`mgcgscgr`hg ns onha`mtn ne rnvne`hg nopen`mhg e` Amkajaiaùm hn e` Igeamnstnr`s`. V`r`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
neeg, um` vnz igrrah` e` pe`i`, sn e` nxpgmn ` v`pgrns hn jrgog hnmtrg hn um` iuj`. Ne jrgog gxah`rà ne `zucrn hn e` ogeáiue` hn GV ` gxïbnmg.
N t G V Y N t G G
M G :
J r
N tG :
N tG
G
V
M G :
G
V`r`gxùm
V`r`tagm
Nm ne kïb`hg t`ojaám giurrn e` gxah`iaùm hne pe`buaiah` pgr e`s gxah`s`s oairgsgo`ens knpàtai`s, `uonmt`mhg su pgtnmia`e tùxaig. Eunbg hn nxpgmnr e` pe`i` `e `arn p`r` nv`pgr`r ne nxinsg hn jrgog qun amtnrcanrn nm ne rnstg hn e` rn`iiaùm, sn k`in um` `spnrsaùm igm e` nmzao` Igeamnstnr`s` y sn eenv` ` nstuc` ` 92´I hur`mtn 96 oamutgs. E` nmzao` sn gjtanmn ` p`rtar hn um kgogbnm`tg hn kïb`hg (eub`r hgmhn sn samtntaz`) g janm punhn utaeaz`rsn sunrg g pe`so` crnsig. Znsuet` sam noj`rbg oàs snburg y iùoghg igegi`r e` pe`i` hnmtrg hn um` iujnt` igm e` suspnmsaùm nmzaoàtai` nmzaoàtai`.. G GK
G I IK9
G
Igeamnstnr`s`
KG I IK9
m`ctge
`int`tg hn ΰ m`ctaeg
Eunbg hn `spnrd`r, e` nmzao` sn amkajarà nm egs satags hgmhn sn nmiunmtr` ne pe`buaiah`. V`r` nvahnmia`reg sn puevnraz` igm `int`tg hn `ec`-m`ctaeg/C`s `ec`-m`ctaeg/C`stt Jeun. Ne `int`tg hn `ec` m`ctaeg `itô` igog sustr`tg hn e` nmzao` y eajnrà ne m`ctge. Eunbg nstn igpue` igm C`st Jeun gjtnmaámhgsn um` oàiue` hn igegr eae` hgmhn e` nmzao` pnro`mnin `ôm `itav`. +
M
G
M +
M
GIK 9
+
M
M `zgnmn c`st jeun K9 IG
+
GK
M
GIK 9
M M K IG 9 G
(igegr eae`)
Hgmhn e` nmzao` sn amkajn hnjahg `e pe`buaiah` mg sn prghuin e` rn`iiaùm, qunh`mhg je`mig. E` pe`i` sn vn eae` igm o`mik`s je`mi`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ynmsajaeah`h44 6,0 ` 0 mb. Ynmsajaeah`h
Amtnrcnrnmia`s4 cnmgta`zam`s, igi`ïm` prghuinm rn`iiaùm pgsatav`. Iu`mhg ns mnb`tav` sn punhn hnsi`rt`r e` prnsnmia` hn GV< sa ns pgsatav` hnjn igmcaro`rsn igm gtrgs rnvne`hgs. Nst` táimai` pnroatn um` ahnmtacai`iaùm prnsumtav` hne igopunstg, y rnquanrn `e onmgs um snbumhg sgevnmtn hn igrrah` p`r` um` ondgr ahnmtacai`iaùm, `sï igog um snbumhg rn`itavg hn rnvne`hg. Znvne`hg nopen`hg p`r` pnstaiah`s Grb`mgiegr`hgs4 Ynojr`r ` p`rtar hn p`trgmns hn 6,> ¾br/¾E um` oàiue` hn 06 ¾br. E` vasu`eaz`iaùm sn ` tr`vás hn e` `spnrsaùm igm v`rags rn`itavgs pgr ndnopeg4 `) Hacnmae`oam` Hacnmae`oam`44 pgr `spnrsaùm igm um` sgeuiaùm nt`mùeai` `e 6,> % hn hacnmae`oam` y sn igegi` `prgxao`h`onmtn 0 oamutg j`dg eàop`r` ^S ` :>8 mo. E`s sust`mia`s grb`mgiegr`h`s prnsnmtns cgro`m o`mik`s hn igegr vageàing g vnrhgsg. E` snmsajaeah`h ns hn > ¾br. j) Matr`tg hn Ve`t` ’ Cgro`ehnkïhg4 Cgro`ehnkïhg 4 (hanehram, `ehram y eamh`mg). Ygeuiaùm A4 Matr`tg hn Ve`t` 6,6>O. Ygeuiaùm AA4 Cgro`ehnïhg 9>%. Ygeuiaùm AAA4 sgeuiaùm hn kahrùxahg hn pgt`sag nm ont`mge : O. Ygeuiaùm AS4 prnp`r`r nm ogonmtg um` onzie` hn p`rtns abu`ens hn pnrùxahg hn kahrùbnmg `e 96 vgeôonmns ` àiahg mïtraig `e 3> % v/v. Vrginhaoanmtg4 `spnrd`r igm A, hnd`r sni`r ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn 96 oamutgs, `spnrd`r igm AA y hnd`r sni`r 96 oamutgs. @spnrd`r igm AAA y i`enmt`r 96 oamutgs ` 096¶I. Zgia`r igm AS, y hnd`r ne irgo`tgbr`o` nm e` gsiurah`h 0: kgr`s, y nxpgmnreg ` e` euz hne sge. Egs igopunstgs iegr`hgs `p`rninm igog oàiue`s vnrhn gsiurg sgjrn cgmhg bras ie`rg. i) Hacnmae`oam`4 Hacnmae`oam`4 Iegrurg hn M,M-haontae-0,8 M,M-haontae-0,8-cnmaenmha`o -cnmaenmha`ogmag. gmag.
Hasgevnr 6,> b hn iegrurg hn M,M haontae 0.8 cnmaenmha`ogmag nm 066 oe hn ntùxahg hn sghag (0 b hn sghag nm 066 oe hn nt`mge).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Vrginhaoanmtg4 eunbg hn rgia`r igm ne rn`itavg suonrbar e` pe`i` nm `bu` hnstae`h` n arr`ha`r igm euz ^S. Nstg prgvgi` e` eajnr`iaùm hn k`eùbnmg ne iu`e gxah` ne rn`itavg ` um pabonmtg ee`o`hg Zgdg Rurstnr. Znvne`hg nopen`hg p`r` pnstaiah`s i`rjàoaigs. i`rjàoaigs. Ne
rnvne`hg
sn
rn`eaz`
utaeaz`mhg
ne
rn`itavg
tntr`ceugrgjgr`tg
hn
p-
matrgjnminmgha`zgmag, matrgjnminmg ha`zgmag, ne iu`e prghuin oàiue`s rgdaz`s g `zuens.
2.00.: Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs` (BI). (BI). V`r` e` amvnstab`iaùm hn egs havnrsgs pe`buaiah`s ne gjdntavg jàsaig ns e` hntnroam`iaùm hn e` prnsnmia` n ahnmtah`h hne igopunstg `m`eaz`hg. E` táimai` oàs igmca`jen ns e` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` igm hntnitgr hn o`s`, `umqun ne hntnitgr matrùbnmgcùscgrg (MVH) y hn i`ptur` nenitrùmai` (IN) sgm `opea`onmtn utaeaz`hgs. E`s cabur`s 2.06` y 2.06j ounstr`m egs rnsuet`hgs hn nst` táimai` nm um i`sg hn nmvn nmvnmnm`oanmtg mnm`oanmtg hn i`mns igm um i`rj`o`tg, utaeaz`mhg um irgo`tgbràcg b`sngsg Knwentt-V`il`rh Ynran AA >;16 Veus igm hntnitgr hn o`s` >12: y um` igeuo` KV>. E` hnrav`taz`iaùm hn egs pnstaiah`s ns um` táimai` nstàmh`r p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hne igopunstg hn grabnm y hn sus ont`jgeatgs oàs pge`rns, ondgr`mhg e` i`eah`h hn egs irgo`tgbr`o`s y su eïoatn eïoatn hn hntniiaùm hntniiaùm.. E`s igmhaiagmns igmhaiagmns gpnr`tav`s oà oàss igoumns p`r` ne `màeasas hn Iegr`hgs y Cgscgr`hgs pgr Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs` sgm4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Cab 2.06`. 2.06`. Irgo`tgbr`o` gjtnmahg nm e` Yniiaùm hn Irgo`tgbr`cï` hne E`jgr`tgrag Puïoaig Vnraia`e E` Ve`t` nopen`mhg um Irgo`tùbr`cg b`sngsg igm nspnitrgontrï` hn o`s` ` p`rtar hn um `eaonmtg igmt`oam`hg igm i`rjgcur`mg. Ne nspnitrg gjtnmahg hn umg hn egs igopgmnmtns nm ne irgo`tgbr`o` cun igop`r`hg igmtr` e` jajeagtni` qun `igop`ð` `e sgctw`rn. Ne pgrinmt`dn hn saoaeatuh ns hne 11 %. Nquapg4 KV 3;16 Ynrans AA Veus igm OY. Igeuom`4 KV->, 96 o x 6,>9 oo x 6,;; ¾o (V`rt mg. 0161>D-6:9). Hntnitgr4 OY. Znigeniiaùm hn H`tgs4 993> IknoYt`tagm igm VI 8;3/99. Igmhaiagmns Nxpnraonmt`ens4 Amdniiaùm4 Ypeatenss, 0 ¾e, Vurb` hne`y, 9 oam, tnopnr`tur` hne amynitgr :86¶I. I`rranr B`s4 kneag, i`uh`e 0,6 oe/oam. Kgrmg4 0) 066¶I (0 oam) ` 02>¶I igm um br`hanmtn hn :6¶I/oam, :) :9>¶I ` 2¶I/oam, 9) :;6¶I (0 oam) ` :>¶I/oam.
Cab 2.06j. Nspnitrg hn o`s` igrrnspgmhanmtn `e i`rjgcur`m.
2.00.9 Irgo`tgbr`cï` Eïquah` hn @et` Vnrcgo`min (KVEI). E` táimai` hn irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` hn `et` pnrcgo`min sn `peai` nxatgs`onmtn ` e` snp`r`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm hn pnstaiah`s hn tghg tapg, sanmhg nspnia`eonmtn ôtae iu`mhg sn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
tr`t` hn amsnitaiah`s tnrogeàjaens y hn rghnmtaiah`s iuo`rïmaigs, hn hacïiae rnsgeuiaùm pgr egs gtrgs oátghgs. E` ounstr` sunen puracai`rsn pgr iu`equanr` hn egs oátghgs hn `ase`oanmtg y puracai`iaùm `mtns hnsiraptgs, pnrg sn rnigoanmh` utaeaz`r e` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`, pgr iu`mtg prghuin nxtr`itgs oàs eaopags y sn `e`rb` e` sgjrnvah` hn e` igeuom`. E` utaeaz`iaùm hn e` irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` k` rnsuet`hg amv`eu`jen nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn egs hnrav`hgs hn e` iuo`ram` (rghnmtaiah`s hn e` c`oaea` hn egs w`rc`rïmaigs y supnrw`rc`rïmaigs) supnrw`rc`rïmaig s) hnjahg ` qun nstgs igopunstgs sgm pgig nst`jens hur`mtn ne prginsg hn nxtr`iiaùm.
2.00.8 Hntnroam`iaùm hn pnstaiah`s grb`mgcgscgr`hgs y i`rjàoaigs onha`mtn e` `itavah`h Nmzaoàtai` hn e` @intae-Igeamnstnr`s`.
Ne oátghg sn cumh`onmt` nm qun e` nmzao` `intaeigeamnstnr`s` prgvgi` e` kahrùeasas hn e` `intaeigeam` nm igeam` y àiahg `iátaig. Nxastnm havnrs`s v`ra`jens nm ne onri`hg
•
Nms`yg hn Oaikne. Nstn oátghg nstao` e` `itavah`h hn e` nmzao`, oahanmhg ne i`ojag hn pK ` tr`vás hne
nopeng hn um nenitrghg hn vahrag. Gtrgs oátghgs igog ne hn R. I`r`w`y, rnbastr` ne i`ojag hn pK us`mhg um amhai`hgr igegraoátraig. Xapg hn ounstr`s4 Yn tr`j`d` igm s`mbrn knp`ramaz`h`, `prgxao`h`onmtn ; oe hn s`mbrn, gjtnmah` pgr vnmapumiaùm (nvat`r e` knoùeasas), tr`mscnrare` ` um tujg knp`ramaz`hg (igm um` bgt` hn knp`ram`), t`p`r y `bat`r iuah`hgs`onmtn pgr amvnrsaùm.
Ns igmvnmanmtn snp`r`r ne pe`so` hn e`s iáeue`s eg oàs prgmtg pgsajen, iu`mhg nstg mg sn punh` eenv`r ` i`jg, sn hnjn rncrabnr`r e` ounstr` ` 8´I hur`mtn hur`mtn :-9 k kgr`s gr`s (mg ns igmvnmanmtn pgr oàs tanopg).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
•
Vrginhaoanmtg p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn `intaeigeamnstnr`s` nratrgiat`ra`. nratrgiat`ra`. Ya e` ounstr` cun rncrabnr`h` nspnr`r ` qun `ei`min e` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn.
Xr`mscnrar 6,68 oe nx`itgs hn beùjuegs rgdgs snhaonmt`hgs ` um o`tr`z hn > oe igmtnmanmhg : oe hn s`pgmam` `e 6,60 %, nmdu`b`mhg e` papnt` igm e` onzie` hn s`pgmam` y beùjuegs rgdgs, k`st` qun tgh`s e`s iáeue`s sn hnsprnmh`m hn e` papnt`. Onzie`r onha`mtn vgrtnx. ^m` vnz prnp`r`h`s e`s ounstr`s, `ð`har ` i`h` tujg : oe hn sgeuiaùm t`opùm (p`r` nratrgiatgs) y nspnr`r 06 oamutgs. Hntnroam`r ne pK hn e` sgeuiaùm k`st` 6,60 hn umah`h y `mgt`reg igog pK0, (sa e` enitur` ns onmgr hn 2,12 hnsnik`r e` prunj` y igonmz`r gtrg nms`yg igm um` sgeuiaùm t`opùm rniaám prnp`r`h`). @ð`har 6,8 oe hn sgeuiaùm 6,0 O hn yghurg hn `intae igeam` p`r` nratrgiatgs, onzie`r igm vgrtnx y `mgt`r igog X0 ne ogonmtg nm qun sn `ð`haù ne yghurg , hnd`r rn`iiagm`r hur`mtn 0 kgr` kgr` ` tnopnr`tur tnopnr`tur` ` `ojanmtn, iu iuopeahg opeahg nstn tatanopg nopg hntnro hntnroam`r am`r ne pK hn e` onzie`, sn tgo`rà igog pK: y ne ogonmtg qun sn oahn igog igog X:. Egs rn`itavgs mnins`rags sn hnt`ee`m ` igmtamu`iaùm igmtamu`iaùm4.4. Ygeuiaùm t`opùm p`r` begjuegs rgdgs4 rgdgs4 J`rjat`e sùhaig 6,: M (8,0:93 br), cgsc`tg hn pgst`sag haàiahg, 6,668 M (6,>888 br) y iegrurg hn pgt`sag 6,3 M (88,293 br). Hasgevnr egs rn`itavgs nm 1>6 oe hn `bu`. @dust`r ne pK4 ;,06 nx`it`onmtn ` :>´ I, igm IeK 6,0 M (sn rnquanrnm `ernhnhgr hn :; oe). @brnb`r bgt`s hn tgeunmg y bu`rh`r nm rncrabnr`hgr. Hnjnrà igoprgj`rsn ne pK y e` i`p`iah`h hn e` sgeuiaùm t`opùm i`h` vnz qun sn v` ` us`r y` qun ástgs v`egrns tanmhnm ` v`ra`r igm ne tanopg. Hantaej`rjatur`tg Hantaej`rjatu r`tg hn sghag ? J`rjat`e sùhaig ? Snrgm`e sùhaig. Aghurg hn `intaeigeam`4 Hasgevnr 9,668 br hn Aghurg hn `intaeigeam` nm `bu` y eenv`r ` 066 oe. @brnb`r bgt`s hn tgeunmg y bu`rh`r bu`rh`r nm kne`hn kne`hnr`. r`. Y`pgmam` `e 6,60%4 Hasgevnr 06 ob hn s`pgmam` nm `bu` y eenv`r ` 066 oe. Knp`ram`406666 Knp`ram`406 666 ^/oe. I@EI^EG44 Ne ∃pK/kgr` sn hntnroam` sabuanmhg ne sabuanmtn nsquno`4 I@EI^EG
( p K0√ pK:√j)Ò c pK pK K/ kgr` ? ∃ p
t rn`iiaùm rn`iiaùm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
j4 igrrniiaùm p`r` p`r` e` kahrùeasa kahrùeasass mg nmzaoàtai` (vnr t`je`) c 4 igrrniiaùm p`r` e` v`ra`iaùm hn pK/kgr` igm ne pK. t rn`iiaùm rn`iiaùm4 X:-X0, nxprns`hg nm kgr`s.
Egs c`itgrns hn igrrniiaùm igrrniiaùm p`r` e` kahrùea kahrùeasas sas mg nmzaoàtai`, mg ssgm gm eamn`ens igm rnspnitg `e tanopg y sn amhai`m nm e` t`je` AAA.. S`egr hn rncnrnmia`4 rncnrnmia`4 E` iacr` prgonhag hn e` `itavah`h hn e` igeamnstnr`s` nm um brupg hn amhavahugs mgro`ens mgro`ens hn `iunrhg ` Oaikn Oaikne,e, ns hn Hnet` hn pK/kgr`4 6,2> p` p`r` r` BZ.
•
Nms`yg hne Zn`itavg hn Neeo`m. Ne tnst hn e` igeamnstnr`s` igeamnstnr`s` sn j`s` e` onhaia onhaiaùm ùm hn su `itavah`h nmza nmzaoàtai`. oàtai`. Nst` ns
amkajah` pgr um `opeag r`mbg hn amsnitaiah`s hne tapg hn egs grb`mgcgscgr`hgs y i`rj`o`tgs. ^m br`m v`ranh`h hn grb`mgcgsc`tgs sgm nm rn`eah`h cgscgrgtag`tgs ’ jàsai`onmtn prgamsnitaiah`s ’ y rnquanrnm e` gxah`iaùm ` e` cgro` `itav` ―gxgm‟ p`r` um` hntniiaùm ùptao` hn e` amkajaiaùm. Nm ne i`sg hn `usnmia` hn um amkajahgr nm e` ounstr`, e` `iiaùm hn e` igeamnstnr`s` sgjrn su sustr`tg eajnr` tagigeam` e` iu`e rn`iiagm` igm ne rn`itavg hn Neeo`m (>,>'-hatag-jas-:-matrgjnmzg`tg,
HXMJ),
cgro`mhg
um
prghuitg
`o`raeeg
càiaeonmtn
hntnroam`jen. E` amkajaiaùm hn e` igeamnstnr`s` pgr um pnstaiah` nm e` ounstr` prghuin um` hasoamuiaùm hn e` amtnmsah`h hn igegr cam`e. E` amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs hnjnrï` snr rn`eaz`h` pgr um oáhaig. Nm bnmnr`e, um` hasoamuiaùm hn nmtrn ne 0> `e :> % hn e` `itavah`h sabmacai` um` nxpgsaiaùm eabnr`, um` hnprnsaùm hn :> `e 9> % um` nxpgsaiaùm hn br`hg onhag oanmtr`s qun enitur`s hn nmtrn um 9> `e >6 % sgm igop`tajens igm um` nxpgsaiaùm snvnr`. Hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun um i`ojag nm ne mavne amhavahu`e hn e` igeamnstnr`s` punhn snr rnsuet`hg hn gtrgs c`itgrns `hnoàs hn e` nxpgsaiaùm ` pnstaiah`s. Nm ne i`sg hn um i`ojag hne :6 % nm e` eïmn` hn j`sn (pgr ndnopeg hn um tr`j`d`hgr) hnjnrï` gjeab`r ` rnpntar egs `màeasas.
Yn igmsahnr` qun um` i`ïh` hne 96 % nm e` eïmn` hn j`sn hn e` igeamnstnr`s` pe`soàtai` ns sucaianmtn p`r` prgvgi`r qun e` pnrsgm` sn` rnogvah` hn tgh` nxpgsaiaùm ` cgscgr`hgs y i`rj`o`tgs k`st` qun egs v`egrns mg rntgrmnm ` e` eïmn` hn j`sn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
•
Vrginhaoanmtg p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn igeamnstnr`s` pe`soàtai`. E` igeamnstnr`s` sárai` g pe`soàtai` (Vsnuhgigeamnstnr`s` g Jutaraeigeam` nstnr`s`)
i`t`eaz` e` rn`iiaùm hn kahrùeasas hn egs ástnrns hn e` igeam`, t`e igog e` Y-jutaraeigeam`, igm oàxao` `itavah`h ` pK 2,2. E` tagigeam` eajnr`h` rn`iiagm` igm ne àiahg >,>‑-hatagjas-:matrgjnmzgaig (HXMJ) prghuianmhg um igopunstg `o`raeeg hn `iunrhg `e sabuanmtn nsquno` hn rn`iiaùm. Jutaraeigeam` + `bu` Igeamnstnr`s`
Xagigeam` + Jutar`tg
Xagigeam` + HMXJ
:-matrg->-onri`ptgjnmzg` :-matrg->-onri`ptgjnmzg`tg. tg.
E` vnegiah`h hn `p`raiaùm hn igegr ns harnit`onmtn prgpgriagm`e ` e` `itavah`h nmzaoàtai` y sn oahn ` 86> mo. Egs v`egrns mgro`ens prgonhag snbôm ne oátghg sn punhnm igop`r`r nm e` X`je` 2.AAA.
X`je` 2.AAA. S`egrns hn @intaeigeamnstnr`s`. Oátghgs
Ve`so`
Nratrgiatgs
Y`mbrn
pK (Oaikne)
6,8>
6,>>
∃pK pgr oE pgr kr
pK Yt`t (M`jj-
:,9
;,6
oO pgr oE pgr
Rkatcaneh) JOI Zn`bnmt Ynt (Neeo`m-Jgnkrambnr)
^mah`hns
oam 0,;
9666
o^ pgr oE pgr oam
B`rry-Zgutk (Oairg)
Kgojrns
oO-YK pgr 9oE
2,;
pgr oam
Oudnrns >,;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs gjtnmahgs nm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn e` igeamnstnr` igeamnstnr`s`, s`, sa janm ns aopgrt`mtn y ôtae, tanmn sus eaoat`iagmns pgr e`s sabuanmtns r`zgmns4 (`) Mg tghgs egs kgspat`ens tanmnm egs onhags mnins`rags, i`us`mhg rntr`sgs nm ne nmvag ` egs inmtrgs hn ha`bmùstaig. (j) Ne `opeag nrrgr nst`hïstaig hn egs oátghgs haspgmajens k`inm hacïiae hntnit`r igm nx`itatuh um` amtgxai`iaùm envn. (i) Ne tnst ns oàs ncnitavg nm e` hntniiaùm hn e` hnprnsaùm hn e` nxpgsaiaùm ` grb`mgcgscgr`hgs grb`mgcgscgr` hgs qun ` i`rj`o`tgs. Igm rnspnitg ` egs i`rj`o`tgs, egs mavnens hn nmzao` punhnm rntgrm`r ` e` eïmn` hn j`sn nm pgi`s kgr`s, sanmhg rnigonmh`jen qun mg tr`msiurr` oàs hn 8 kgr`s. Ne ogtavg hn nstg ns qun punhn giurrar um` rn`itav`iaùm p`ria`e hn e` nmzao` nm e` s`mbrn, k`ianmhg hacïiae p`r` ne oáhaig k`inr um ha`bmùstaig nx`itg. nx`itg.
Jajeagbr`cï`. Xgxaigegbï` @v`mz`h`, @v`mz`h`, O. Znpnttg, Nh. Ha`z hn Y`mtgs, 011>, I`p.> y I`p.08. E`s j`sns c`ro`igeùbai`s hn e` tnr`pnôtai`, Bggho`m `mh Baeeo`m 1m` Nhaiaùm, I`p. 32, p 02;0, 0113. Ikgeamnstnr`sn, Yoatk, Raeea`o B., Iknoai`es Vnstaiahn Vrgbr`o. Igrmnee Iggpnr`tavn Nxtnmsagm Amcgro`tagm. Mnw Qgrl Yt`tn Igeenbn gc @braiueturn `mh Eacn Yianmins, Igrmnee ^mavnrsaty, Atk`i`, MQ. 01;9. Ie`rln¸s Asge`tagm `mh Ahnmtacai`tagm gc Hrubs am pk`ro`inutai pk`ro`inutai`e, `e, jghy ceuahs, `mh pgst-ogrton
o`tnra`e, Ynigmh Nhatagm, Xkn Vk`ro`inutai`e Vrnss, Egmhgm, 01;3. O`mu`e hn Xgxaigegbï` Ieïmai`, prnvnmiaùm, ha`bmùstaig y tr`t`oanmtg, Zgjnrt K. Hrnasj`ik y Raeea`o G. Zgjnrtsgm 3t` Nhaiaùm.Nhatgra`e Ne O`mu`e Oghnrmg0111.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Begss`ry gc Vnstaiahn Iknoai`es, CH@ Gitgjnr :660.
Ikgeamnstnr`sn tnstamb amcgro`tagm. Vnstaiahn C`its, S`m Hransikn, Z B. 01;>. Iggpnr`tavn Nxtnmsagm Ynrvain, ^mavnrsaty gc O`ss`ikusntts, @oknrst, O@. Dumn 2, 01;>. Hntnroam`tagm gc Ikegram`tnh Vnstaiahns am Ygae jy Ygeah Vk`sn Nxtr`itagm ’ B`s Ikrgo`tgbr`pky. Ogk`oo`h @. Ogtt`enj `mh Ogk`oo`h T. @jnham. @m`eytai`e Yianmins, Sge 0>, Xkn D`p`m Ygianty cgr @m`eytai`e Iknoastry, O`rik 0111. ^sn gc Ygeah-Vk`s Ygeah-Vk`sn n Oairgnxtr`itagm @m`eysas gc Vnstaiahns Ygae, @it` Ikao. Yegv. 8> (0), (0), pp. 002, 011;.
Grb`mgpkgspkgrus Vnstaiahns >366, Assun 04 0> MAGYK O`mu`e gc @m`eytai`e Ontkghs (MO@O), Cgurtk Nhatagm, ;/0>/18, @ubust 0118. @ppeai`tagm gc
kabk-pnrcgr kabk-pnrcgro`min o`min tkam-e`ynr ikrgo`tgbr`p ikrgo`tgbr`pky ky `mh `utgo`tnh ouetapen
hnvnegponmt cgr tkn ahnmtacai`tagm `mh hntnroam`tagm gc pnstaiahns am w`tnr, Hn e` Sabmn, ^., Dèmiknm, H.N., Rn Rnjnr, jnr, R.K R.K,, D. Ikrgo`tgbr, 8;1-813, 0110. @utgo`tnh gmeamn sgeah-pk`sn nmraikonmt `mh `m`eysas jy kabk-pnrcgro kabk-pnrcgro`min `min eaquah ikrgo`tgbr`pky gc pnstaiahns am w`tnr, Znmmnr, X< ^mbnr, LL BAX-C`ikz-E`j, 86 (;) 2>32>;, 236-230 @ub 0113. ^sn gc nxtr`itagm hasls cgr tr`in nmraikonmt gc v`ragus
pnstaiahns crgo ravnr w`tnr `mh
saoue`tnh sn`-w`tnr s`opens cgeegwnh jy eaquah ikrgo`tgbr`pky - r`pah-si`mmamb ^S-vasajen `mh tknrogspr`y - o`ss spnitrgontry spnitrgontry hntnitagm, J`rineg, H.< Hur`m Hur`mh, h, B.< Jguvgt, S, Manenm, O. Nmvargm. Yia. Xnikmge., :2(:),:20-:2 :2(:),:20-:22 2 Cnj 0119. Zasl `ssnssonmt cgr pnstaiahns `mh tknar ont`jgeatns am w`tnr, B`e`ssa, Y< Vrgvama, @< K`ecgm, N. Amt-D-Nmvargm-@m` Amt-D-Nmvargm-@m`e-Ikno, e-Ikno, 3>(0-8), 990-988, 0113
Yamben-stnp oueta-i`rtrahbn oueta-i`rtrahbn ien`m-u ien`m-up p cgr grb`mgpkgspk grb`mgpkgspk`tnm `tnm pnstaiahn rnsahun rnsahun hntnroam`tagm am vnbnt`jen gae nxtr`its jy b`s ikrgo`tgbr`pk ikrgo`tgbr`pky, y, Ha Ouiiag, @. @ussaea, @. Snrbgra, E.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`ogma, A. Hgoo`rig,
Z. B`ojntta, E. Y`mt Y`mtaeag, aeag, @. Snrbgra, C, @m`eyst,. 0116, 00>
(1), 0032-0031, 0116
Vnstaiahn ogmatgramb gc hramlamb w`tnr watk tkn knep gc sgeah-pk`sn nxtr`itagm `mh kabkpnrcgro`min eaquah ikrgo`tgbr` ikrgo`tgbr`pky. pky. Dumlnr-Juikkn Dumlnr-Juikknat, at, @< Ratznmj`iknr, D-Ikrgo`tgbr, @. < 292(0)4 32-28. 08 Dum 0113. Ouetaigeuom sgeah-pk`sn nxtr`itagm ien`m up gc grb`mgpkgspkgrus `mh grb`mgikegramn pnstaiahn rnsahuns am vnbn vnbnt`jen t`jen gae gaess `mh juttnrc`t, Bae Baeenspan, enspan, @.O. H`ey, Y.E. Baevyhas, H H.O. .O. Yikmnahnr, C. R`etnrs, Y.O. D. @ssgi.
Gcc. @m`e. Ikno.
Amt., O`r.-@pr.
011>,
2;
(:), 890-892, 011> Hntnroam`tagm gc ikgeamnstnr`sn-amkajatamb pnstaiahns `mh sgon gc tknar ont`jgeatns am i`sns gc `mao`e pgasgmamb pgasgmamb usamb tkam-e` tkam-e`ynr ynr , Tgum, V.N.C., Ypanrnmjurb, X.D D. Ikrgo`tgbr, 88; 8>9, 011> Gptaoaz`tagm, `utgo`tagm `mh v`eah`tagm gc tkn sgeah-pk`sn nxtr`itagm ien`mup `mh gmeamn eaquah-ikrgo`tgbr`pkai hntnroam`tagm gc M-ontkyei`rj`o`tn pnstaiahns am cruats `mh vnbnt`jens, Hn-Lgl, @.< Kanostr`, O. D. @G@I-Amt., 2> (3), 0639-062:, Mgv-Hni 011: Gxaon Zn`itav`tagm gc @intyeikgeamnstnr`sn amkajatnh jy nm`mtagonrai grb`mgpkgspk`tns, Zgbnr D. O. Jrõbbno`mm, K`valstr``t :; jas, 9>08 XZ ^trnikt, Xkn Mntknre`mhs, @ubust 0112-@prae 011; Hntnroam`tagm gc I`rjgcur`m `mh Ats Xgxai Ont`jgeatns am @mao`e Xassun jy B`s Ikrgo`tgbr`pky gc Xknar M-Xrajeugr`intye Hnrav`tavns. Rgmb, Eyen `mh Cr`ml O. Casknr. D. @brai. Cggh Ikno, Ikno, :9(:)490>-90;. :9(:)490>-90;. (NZE,BJ [092), 012 012>. >. C`t`e gvnrhgsn gc :,8-haikegrgpknmgxy`intai `iah (:,8-H). Lneenr X, Ylgpp B, Ru O, nt `e. Cgrnmsai Yia Amt < 3>409-;, 0118
Ikegram`tnh `mh Grb`mgmatrgbnm Knrjaiahns Knrjaiahns (@ar Y`opeamb) >36: MAGYK O`mu`e gc @m`eytai`e Ontkghs (MO@O), Cgurtk Nhatagm,0118.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Jrgogxymae `mh Jrgogxymae Git`mg`tn >606 MAGYK O`mu`e gc @m`eytai`e Ontkghs (MO@O), Cgurtk Nhatagm, 0118.
C`st Hu`e-Igeuom BI/NIH @m`eysas gc Ikegram`tnh Vknmgxy Knrjaiahns‘NV@ Ontkghs >0> `mh ;0>6.@e`m H. Jrgsln, Vk.H., @baenmt Xnikmgegbans Vramtnh am ^Y@ 69/66 >139-2:11N. 011>. R`rc`ram >66: MAGYK O`mu`e gc @m`eytai`e Ontkghs (MO@O), Cgurtk Nhatagm, ;/0>/18. Znvnrsnh-Vk`sn Znvnrsnh-Vk` sn KVEI Hntnroam`tagm gc Nabkt @mtaig`bue`mt Zghnmtaiah Zghnmtaiahns ns am @mao`e Eavnr S. C`uigmmnt, K. Vgueaqunm, `mh E. Vam`uet , Dgurm`e gc @m`eytai`e Xgxaigegby Xgxaigegby,, Sgeuon :0, Muojnr 2, Mgvnojnr/Hninojnr, p >8;’>>9,0112 Vyrntkruo >66;, MAGYK O`mu`e gc @m`eytai`e Ontkghs (MO@O), Cgurtk Nhatagm, ;/0>/18. Ygeah Vk`sn Nxtr`itagm `mh KVEI Hntnroam`tagm gc 99 Ynenitnh Vnstaiahns am Hramlamb R`tnr, Onril LB`@, 38:20 H`rost`ht, Bnro`my. Vrnvnmtagm, Vnstaiahns `mh Xgxai Yujst`mins4 GVVXY ;9>.0:06 Ygae Xkam E`ynr Ikrgo`tgbr`pky Ikrgo`tgbr`p ky NV@ 20:-I-1;-68 20:-I-1;-682 2 D`mu`ry 011;. @ Igopnmhauo gc ^mgccaia`e Ontkghs cgr Z`pah Yirnnmamb gc Vk`ro`inutai`es jy Xkam-E`ynr Ikrgo`tgbr`pky, Ikrgo`tgbr`p ky, @. Y. Lnmygm `mh X. V. E`yegcc , Cggh `mh Hrub @hoamastr`tagm Havasagm gc Xnstamb `mh @ppeanh @m`eytai`e Hnvnegponmt, Yt. Eguas, OG. 39060, Dgurm`e gc @G@I Amtnrm`tagm`e, Amtnrm`tagm`e, 2;(0),80-81,0 2;(0),80-81,011>. 11>. Hntnitagm gc pgasgmamb jy sujst`mins gtknr tk`m hrubs4 ` mnbenitnh `rt, Mnae Z J`higil, Znvanw @rtaien, @mm Ieam Jagikno, 924 083-0>2:666. C`t`e jrghac`iguo rghnmtaiahn pgasgmamb4 `utgpsy `mh tgxaigegbai`e camhambs, V`eonr ZJ,
@e`lad` V, Mgetn LJ, LJ, Sge 88, Assun 8, ;>0-; ;>0-;>>, >>, 0111.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@mtaig`bue`mt mtaig`bue`mt rghnmtaiahns am stg`ts (Oustne` nroamn`) `mh wn`snes (Oustne` mav`eas) am Nmbe`mh Z.@. OiHgm`eh`, Y. K`rras `, B. Xurmjuee j, V. Jrgwmj, O. Centiknr j Nmvargmonmt` Nmvargmonmt`ee Vgeeutagm, 069, 02-:9 ,011;. BEI Hntnroam`tagm gc R`rc`ram am Kuo`m Ve`so`, H`vah B. L`asnr `mh Zgjnrt Y. O`rtam, Dgurm`e gc Vk`ro`inutai`e Yianmins, Sge. 39, M¶ 06, Gitgjnr 0128. Xkam-e`ynr ikrgo`tgbr`pky gc sgon iguo`ram hnrav`tavns, O. Xrlvmal, O. Luens, A. X`j`lgvai `mh O. Tninvai, Dgurm`e gc Ikrgo`tgbr`p Ikrgo`tgbr`pky, ky, 0:;, ::2-:96, 0123. Hntnitagm `mh Hntnroam`tagm gc Grb`mgpkgspkgrus Amsnitaiahns am Xassuns jy Xkam-e`ynr Ikrgo`tgbr`pky, Y. M. Xnw`ra `mh Y. V. K`rp`e`ma, Dgurm`e gc Ikrgo`tgbr`pky, 096, ::1:93, 0122 Hntnroam`tagm gc Ikegram`tnh Vnstaiahns am Ygae jy Ygeah Vk`sn Nxtr`itagm-B`s Ikrgo`tgbr`pky, Ogk`oo`h @. Ogtt`enj `mh Ogk`oo`h T. @jnham, @m`eytai`e Yianmins, Sge 0>, O`rik 0111. E.I. Oatiknee, D. @ssgi. Gcc. @br. Iknoasts 9> , 1:6 (01>:). Hntnroam`tagm gc ikgeamnstnr`sn-amkajatamb pnstaiahns `mh sgon gc tknar ont`jgeatns am i`sns gc `mao`e pgasgmamb usamb tkam-e`ynr ikrgo`tgbr`pky, Tgum, V.N.C., Ypanrnmjurb, X.D. , Dgurm`e4 D. Ikrgo`tgbr., 88; ’ 8>9,01;1. Hnvnegponmt gc ` snoa-`utgo`tnh kabk-pnrcgro`min eaquah-ikrgo`tgbr`pkai - haghn-`rr`y hntnitagm systno cgr sirnnmamb pnstaiahns `t tr`in envnes am `qu`tai systnos gc tkn @xags Zavnr j`sam, V`p`hgpguegu-Ogurlahgu, N< V`tsa`s, D., Dgurm`e4 D-Ikrgo`tgbr, @. 0< 2:3(0-:)4 11-009, O`r 0113. Gptaoaz`tagm, `utgo`tagm `mh v`eah`tagm gc tkn sgeah-pk`sn nxtr`itagm ien`mup `mh gmeamn eaquah-ikrgo`tgbr`pkai hntnroam`tagm gc M-ontkyei`rj`o`tn pnstaiahns am cruats `mh
vnbnt`jens, Hn-Lgl, @.< Kanostr`, O. Dgurm`e4 D. @G@I-Amt., 2> (3), 0639-062:, Mgv-Hni 011:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg ; Xùxaigs Ontàeaigs.
@utgrns4
Jagq. Cnrm`mhg Z`amgeha. Hginmtn hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV. Hr`. Enh` Ba`mmuzza. Vrgcnsgr` @hdumt` hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Jagq. Irasta`m Geavnr. Vnratg hn e` Yniiaùm hn Xgxaigegbï` hne E`jgr`tgrag Puïoaig Vnraia`e hn e` Harniiaùm Bnmnr`e hn Vgeaiï` Iamntïcai` hn e` Vgeaiï` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. Hginmtn hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV.
Amtrghuiiaùm. Znsuet` janm igmgiahg qun egs ont`ens iuopenm um hgjen p`pne nm egs snrns vavgs4 sgm v`rags hn neegs mutranmtns nsnmia`ens oanmtr`s qun nm cumiaùm hn su hgsas punhnm rnsuet`r nxtrno`h`onmtn tùxaigs. E` east` hn egs ont`ens tgxaigeùbai`onmtn aopgrt`mtns sn v` `opea`mhg `e hnsiujrarsn munv`s cumiagmns jagquïoai`s, h`hg qun `ebumgs hn neegs sgm igmsahnr`hgs nsnmia`ens t`ens igog sghag, pgt`sag, o`bmnsag, i`eiag, irgog, ogeajhnmg, o`mb`mnsg, kanrrg, igj`etg, mïqune, igjrn, zami, snenmag y ceôgr. @ nst` east` pghrï`m amigrpgr`rsn ne nst`ðg y ne saeaiag. Ya janm sn sunen umar nm um sgeg brupg ` egs `sï ee`o`hgs ―ont`ens tùxaigs‟ nst` hastamiaùm mg k`in rncnrnmia` ` e`s prgpanh`hns ontàeai`s ’ hn knikg amieuyn ont`egahns igog ne snenmag y ne `rsámaig ’ ma ` e` cgro` hn ont`e nenonmt`e igog e` nspnian tùxai`, y` qun usu`eonmtn e`s cgro`s aùmai`s sgeujens sgm e`s oàs `itav`s. Egs ont`ens, nspnia`eonmtn egs hnmgoam`hgs ont`ens pns`hgs, igmstatuynm um` aopgrt`mtn cunmtn hn ransbg p`r` e` s`euh y ne onhag `ojanmtn t`mtg j`dg e` cgro` hn amtgxai`iagmns `buh`s g irùmai`s. E` `itavah`h `mtrgpgbámai` ns e` pramiap`e cunmtn hn ransbg, puns `itô` igminmtr`mhg egs ont`ens y prghuianmhg oôetapens gi`sagmns hn nxpgsaiaùm nm e` vah` ha`ra` ` tr`vás hn egs `eaonmtgs, `arn, `bu` n amieusg nm munstrgs kgb`rns. Nm nstn i`pïtueg vnrnogs egs hastamtgs ont`ens hn o`ygr aopgrt`mia` nm munstrg onhag y egs hastamtgs oátghgs hn `màeasas.
;.0 Xgxaigiamátai`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@ egs ncnitgs hn rn`eaz`r egs ogmatgrngs igrrnspgmhanmtns igrrnspgmhanmtns y sneniiagm`r e`s ounstr`s, rnsuet` ôtae rn`eaz`r um` sïmtnsas hn e`s vï`s hn nmtr`h`, hnpùsatg y neaoam`iaùm hn egs ont`ens.
;.0.0 Sï`s hn `jsgriaùm. `jsgriaùm. Yn igmginm igog vï`s hn nmtr`h` pgsajens ` e` amk`e`tgra`, hároai`, gr`e, onha`h` pgr prùtnsas ontàeai`s y e` tr`mscnrnmia` o`hrn-kadg pgr e` pe`inmt` g e` enikn o`tnrm`. Hn nst`s, nspnia`eonmtn nm pnrsgm`e nxpunstg nm amhustra`s, e` vï` amk`e`tgra` sn igmsahnr` um` hn e` oàs aopgrt`mtns y k`jatu`ens, gjsnrvàmhgsn nm e` o`ygrï` hn e`s enbase`iagmns e`jgr`ens um` nspnia`e prngiup`iaùm pgr e` prgtniiaùm hn egs nopen`hgs y e` onhaiaùm nm ne `arn. Nm egs `ojanmtns c`jraens g t`eenrns ont`eôrbaigs e` cgro` hn nxpgsaiaùm oàs k`jatu`e ns ` tr`vás hn o`tnra`e p`rtaiue`hg, v`pgrns g b`sns, sanmhg nstgs ôetaogs bnmnr`eonmtn igopunstgs grb`mgontàeaigs (i`rjgmaegs hn mïqune, igj`etg). Nst`s igojam`iagmns sgm ouikg oàs tùxai`s qun e`s cgro`s nenonmt`ens. E` vï` hároai`, y` sn` p`r` e` cgro` nenonmt`e g nm cgro` hn pgevgs g b`sns, rnsuet` gtr` rut` hn nxpgsaiaùm aopgrt`mtn nm `ojanmtns amhustra`ens, prgvgi`mhg hnro`tatas, `enrba`s y hastamtgs tapgs hn iàminr. E` tgxaiah`h hn um ont`e sn k`ee` nstrnik`onmtn rne`iagm`h` igm e` vï` hn nmtr`h` y su nspnian quïoai`. ^mg hn egs ondgrns ndnopegs eg igmstatuyn ne onriurag, ne iu`e `e snr ambnrahg nm su cgro` nenonmt`e rnsuet` pràitai`onmtn `tùxai`, oanmtr`s qun um` s`e hn onriurag sgeujen g ne ontae onriurag sgm `jsgrjahgs i`sa nm su tgt`eah`h. Ne oasog ont`e ounstr` e`s oaso`s hacnrnmia` nm e` vï` amk`e`tgra`, hgmhn t`mtg ne ontae onriurag igog ne v`pgr hn onriurag `tùoaig sn `jsgrjnm um ;6 %.
;.0.: Jagtr`mscgro`iaùm. E` o`ygrï` hn egs ont`ens iariue` umahgs ` e` cr`iiaùm prgtnai` hne pe`so`, onha`mtn e` umaùm ` brupgs cumiagm`ens igog suecakahraegs, `oamg, cgsc`tg, aoah`zge n kahrgxaeg. E`
hastrajuiaùm rncend` e` hacnrnmtn i`p`iah`h p`r` `tr`vns`r onojr`m`s y p`r` pnro`mninr umahgs ` egs hacnrnmtns igopgmnmtns hn egs tndahgs u ùrb`mgs. Hnjahg ` qun egs grb`masogs mg punhnm hnstruar ` egs ont`ens ` hacnrnmia` hn eg qun giurrn igm e`s ogeáiue`s grbàmai`s nxastn um` e`rb` pnro`mnmia` nm ne grb`masog. @ pns`r hn nstg sn igmginm oni`masogs
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
nspnia`eaz`hgs hn qune`iaùm y gxahgrrnhuiiaùm, qun punhnm oghacai`r su nxirniaùm y tgxaiah`h.
;.0.9 Neaoam`iaùm. Hnjahg ` sus i`r`itnrïstai`s quïoai`s, e` vï` pramiap`en hn neaoam`iaùm ns ` tr`vás hn qune`tgs kahrgsgeujens kahrgsgeujens pgr vï` rnm`e y b`strgamtnstam`e. E` vï` rnm`e rnquanrn prnva`onmtn qun egs ont`ens iariuenm nm cgro` sgeujen umahgs ` prgtnïm`s igog e` `ejôoam` g e`s ont`egtagmnïm`s, sanmhg nst`s ôetao`s e`s prncnrah`s pgr su pnqunðg t`o`ðg (>-3 lH`), eg qun pnroatn `tr`vns`r eajrnonmtn pgr egs begoáruegs begoáruegs y eenb`r hn nst` cgro` ` e` gram`. Ya janm sgm rut`s hn pgi` aopgrt`mia` hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` hn e` hntgxacai`iaùm, ne suhgr, ne `eanmtg y e`s c`mnb`s igmstatuynm rut`s igmgiah`s hnshn k`in tanopg (nd. X`eag nm pneg y uð`s). Znsuet` aopgrt`mtn k`inr um` jrnvn rncnrnmia` ` um tno` hn pgr sï hn amonms` igopendah`h,, ne hn e`s nspnians quïoai`s. Ne igmtnmahg tgt`e hn um nenonmtg prnsnmtn nm um` igopendah`h ounstr` mg ns ne c`itgr pramiap`e p`r` hntnroam`r su tgxaiah`h samg e` prgpgriaùm hn e`s hastamt`s nspnians quïoai`s prnsnmtns um` o`traz hntnroam`h`. Nxastnm hgs ndnopegs ieàsaigs qun aeustr`m nstn igminptg4 ne @s(AAA) rnsuet` ouikg oàs tùxaigs qun ne @s(S), puns sùeg ne `rsámaig trav`enmtn punhn umarsn ` egs tagens< t agens< ne Ir (SA) rnsuet` oàs tùxaig qun ne Ir(AAA) puns ns o`s sgeujen nm `bu` qun ne trav`enmtn, um` vnz nm ne amtnragr hn e` iáeue` p`s` ` v`rags nst`hags amtnronhags hn rnhuiiaùm ’ Ir(S), Ir (AS) ’ tghgs neegs i`p`ins hn umarsn `e @HM y prgvgi`r out`bámnsas. out`bámnsas. Nm eg qun rnspnit` ` egs ont`ens hn tr`msaiaùm, j`st` rnigrh`r e` nspnia`iaùm quïoai` hne Cn nm sgeuiaùm `iugs` p`r` tnmnr um` ahn` hn e`s igopendah`hns pgsajens. @ e` cnik`, sa janm egs oghnegs hn prnhaiiaùm amigrpgr`m e` nspnia`iaùm hnmtrg hn sus p`ràontrgs e` onhaiaùm hn nst` rnsuet` `ôm nxtrno`h`onmtn igopend`.
;.: Xapgs hn ounstr`s.
@ ncnitgs hn nst`jeninr nst`jeninr um` rne`ia rne`iaùm ùm hgsashgsas-rnsp rnspunst unst` ` ns mnin mnins`ra s`rag g igmginr t`mtg e` igminmtr`iaùm hne ont`e igog ne tanopg hn nxpgsaiaùm. E` hncamaiaùm oàs prnias` hn hgsas ns e` i`mtah`h hn ont`e hnmtrg hn e`s iáeue`s hne ùrb`mg qun o`macanst` ncnitgs tùxaigs. Yam noj`rbg e` iu`mtacai`iaùm hn ont`ens hnmtrg hn egs ùrb`mgs mg ns pgsajen nm sudntgs vavgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Yn punhnm k`inr nstao`iagmns amharnit`s ` p`rtar hn oghnegs ont`jùeaigs hnrav`hgs hn e`s `utgpsa`s. E` s`mbrn, gram` y pnegs sgm egs tndahgs oàs `iinsajens p`r` rn`eaz`r e`s onhah`s. Egs rnsuet`hgs hn haik`s hntnroam`iagmns rncend`m nxpgsaiaùm rnianmtn, p`s`h` ù hn e`rb` h`t`, hnpnmhanmhg hne tanopg hn rntnmiaùm y hne tndahg nm p`rtaiue`r. E` ounstr` hn s`mbrn y gram` rncend` nxpgsaiagmns rnianmtns y sn igrrne`iagm`m ouy janm igm egs ncnitgs `buhgs. ^m` nxinpiaùm ns ne i`hoag nm gram`4 su prnsnmia` nm `et` igminmtr`iaùm nm gram` aopeai` um h`ðg rnm`e rne`iagm`hg igm e` `iuoue`iaùm hne ont`e nm ne raðùm. E`s ounstr`s paegs`s paegs`s punhnm us`rsn nm `sgia`iaùm ` v`ra`iagmns nm e` nxpgsaiaùm ` egs ont`ens hur`mtn e`rbg tanopg. Egs `màeasas punhnm rn`eaz`rsn sgjrn hastamtgs snbonmtgs hne i`jneeg hn oghg t`e qun ne igmtnmahg hne ont`e hne munvg irniaoanmtg punhn igop`r`rsn igm nxpgsaiagmns p`s`h`s. Yn hnjn tnmnr e` prni`uiaùm hn e`v`r ne pneg prnva`onmtn `e `màeasas p`r` rnogvnr ne hnpùsatg hn ont`e pgr e` igmt`oam`iaùm nxtnrm`. Gtrg tapg aopgrt`mtn hn ounstr`s ns ne `bu`. E`s `bu`s hn jnjah`s eajrns hn o`tnra` nm suspnmsaùm punhnm snr `m`eaz`h`s harnit`onmtn, oanmtr`s qun e`s qun prnsnmt`m o`tnra` grbàmai` rnquanrnm um prginhaoanmtg p`r` sgeujaeaz`r ne o`tnra`e suspnmhahg. Egs j`rrgs, snhaonmtgs y gtrgs tapgs hn ounstr`s sùeah`s punhnm snr `m`eaz`h`s hnspuás hn um tr`t`oanmtg `hniu`hg. X`ojaám ouik`s vnins sn prnsnmt`m ounstr`s `ojanmt`ens g `eaonmtgs nm egs qun rnsuet` hn amtnrás igmginr ne igmtnmahg hn ont`ens. Hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` iu`mtat`tavg, e`s amtgxai`iagmns pgr ont`ens oàs crniunmtns prgvanmnm hn e` ambnstaùm hn `bu` g `eaonmtgs igmt`oam`hgs, y` sn` su igmtnmahg g igmtamnmtn (e`t`s igm pegog).
;.9 Xr`t`oanmtg hn e`s ounstr`s. Vrnvag ` e` iu`mtacai`iaùm hn ont`ens prnsnmtns nm onhags jageùbaigs, ns mnins`rag
ncnitu`r um tr`t`oanmtg hn e` ounstr`, hnpnmhanmhg ne oasog hn v`rags c`itgrns4 0- O`tnra`e jageùbaig (gram`, sunrg, s`mbrn, vïsinr`s) :- Ont`e nm iunstaùm (vge`taeah`h y cgro`s mg hasgia`jens hne ont`e nm ne grb`masog)
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
9- Vrginhaoanmtg utaeaz`hg p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm cam`e (igegraoátraig, `jsgriaùm `tùoai`, `itav`iaùm mnutrùmai`) mnutrùmai`)..
Egs ont`ens pns`hgs sn nmiunmtr`m crniunmtnonmtn nm ne o`tnra`e ` `m`eaz`r cgro`mhg igopendgs igm ogeáiue`s grbàmai`s y hnjnm snr eajnr`hgs hn egs oasogs p`r` pghnr hntnroam`regs. Nmtrn egs oátghgs oàs utaeaz`hgs p`r` ne tr`t`oanmtg prnvag hn e`s ounstr`s, punhnm onmiagm`rsn4 `) Hnstruiiaùm gxah`tav` pgr vï` kôonh` hn e` o`tnra` grbàmai` (HOG) nopen`mhg àiahg mïtraig,
mïtraig-`bu`
gxabnm`h`,
mïtraig-suecôraig,
mïtraig-suecôraig-pnrieùraig,
g
janm
pnro`mb`m`tg hn pgt`sag-iegrkïhraig. j) Hnstruiiaùm hn o`tnra` grbàmai` pgr vï` sni`. i) Cgro`iaùm hn qune`tgs y nxtr`iiaùm igm sgevnmtns. h) Vrniapat`iaùm hn e`s prgtnïm`s y hntnroam`iaùm hn egs ont`ens nm ne sgjrnm`h`mtn. n) Xáimai`s hn vge`taeaz`iaùm (`rsámaig igog @sK9, `mtaogmag igog YjK9 y onriurag igog v`pgr hne nenonmtg). @ vnin vninss pun punhnm hnm ncnitu` ncnitu`rsn rsn igojam igojam`iag `iagmns mns nmtrn egs hastam hastamtgs tgs oátg oátghgs, hgs, hn o`mn o`mnr` r` hn gjtnmnr um` ounstr` `prgpa`h` p`r` e`s pgstnragrns hntnroam`iagmns. Ne oátghg hn hnstruiiaùm hn o`tnra` grbàmai` (HOG) suecg-matrg-pnrieùraig (YMV), punhn snr `peai`hg p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn `rsámaig, t`eag, pegog y gtrgs ont`ens hn amtnrás tgxaigeùbaig nm onhags jageùbaigs. V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn onriurag sn ncnitu`rà nm um haspgsatavg nspnia`e qun amieuyn um rncrabnr`mtn ` rnceudg igm hnhg crïg p`r` nvat`r párhah`s hne nenonmtg pgr vge`taeaz`iaùm hne oasog. Nxastnm t`ojaám gtrgs oátghgs hnmgoam`hgs snigs h`hg qun rn`eaz`m e` Hnstruiiaùm hn O`tnra` Grbàmai` (HOG) pgr i`eiam`iaùm. @ igmtamu`iaù igmtamu`iaùm m sn hnt`ee` ne cumh`onmtg hne oátghg hn HOG pgr Sï` Kôonh` Yuecg-Matrg -Vnrieùrai`
;.9.0 Hnstruiiaùm hn o`tnra` Grbàmai` (HOG) pgr vï` kôonh` suecg-matrg-pnrieùrai`.
Yn j`s` nm e` `iiaùm hn um` onzie` cunrtnonmtn gxah`mtn sgjrn e` ounstr` nm iunstaùm ` cam hn rgopnr e` umaùm nmtrn egs ont`ens y e` o`tnra` grbàmai` eenvàmhgegs ` su oàxaog nst`hg hn gxah`iaùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ne KMG9 ns um `bnmtn gxah`mtn (pumtg hn njueeaiaùm4 >3 ´I). :KMG9 ↚ ↚ K:G + MG + 9 G* WW nm crïg. ↚ ↚ K:G + : MG: +0G* nm i`eanmtn. :KMG9
Eunbg G* + K (hn e` o`tnra` grbàmai`) ↚ ↚ K:G Ne K:YG8 pnroatn tr`j`d`r ` o`ygr tnopnr`tur` (:26
´I)
sanmhg `hnoàs um
amhai`hgr hn e` hnstruiiaùm hn e` o`tnra` grbàmai`4 iu`mhg àiahg mïtraig sn igmsuon igoanmz` ` `itu`r ne àiahg suecôraig qun `t`i` e` o`tnra` grbàmai` h`mhg i`rjgmg hn igegr mnbrg. Nm nsn ogonmtg ns mnins`rag hntnmnr ne i`enmt`oanmtg pgrqun c`et` onhag gxah`mtn, nmtgmins sn `brnb`rà àiahg mïtraig y sn igmtamô` ne i`enmt`oanmtg. (Ne I ns rnhuitgr y pghrà rnhuiar ne @s ` @sK9 pnrhaámhgsn pgr vge`taeaz`iaùm). @hnoàs ne K :YG8 rgopn i`hnm`s hn beôiahgs, prgtnïm`s y br`s`s, h`mhg ogeáiue`s oàs pnqunð`s qun snràm càiaeonmtn `t`i`h`s pgr ne àiahg mïtraig. Ne àiahg suecôraig ns t`ojaám um hnskahr`t`mtn cunrtn. Ns amhai`hgr hn qun e` o`tnra` grbàmai` k` sahg tgt`eonmtn hnstruah`, iu`mhg mg `p`rnin igegr mnbrg y sn gjsnrv`m kuogs je`migs hn YG9 . Ne KIeG8 pgsnn um pghnr gxah`mtn ouy cunrtn. Nxpegt` nm prnsnmia` hn o`tnra` grbàmai`, pgr nsg mumi` sn eg us` sùeg samg igog onzie` àiahg mïtraig-àiahg pnrieùraig. @hnoàs hnoàs h hn n snr gxah gxah`mtn `mtn prgh prghuin uin ne ie ieav`d av`dn n hn i`hn i`hnm`s. m`s. 8 KIeG8 ↚ ↚ :K:G + :Ie:
+ 2 G:
(8 KIeG84 08 G*)
8 KIeG8 ↚ ↚ 8 IeG : + 9G : +:K :G 8IeG: + I (hn e` o`tnra` grbàmai`) ↚ ↚ 8 IG: + Ie : E` pramiap`e hnsvnmt`d` hn e` onzie` YMV ns qun rnsuet` pneabrgs` hnjahg ` qun egs
E` pramiap`e hnsvnmt`d` hn e` onzie` YMV ns qun rnsuet` pneabrgs` hnjahg ` qun egs àiahgs gxah`mtns nopen`hgs bnmnr`m v`pgrns tùxaigs n arrat`mtns `sï igog punhnm prghuiar nxpegsagmns. Nmtrn e`s vnmt`d`s sn onmiagm` e` r`pahnz y utaeah`h sa sn o`mapue` igm iuah`hg, pnroatanmhg tr`j`d`r nm prnsnmia` hn o`tnra` br`s` nm e` ounstr` pnroatn rgopnr i`hnm`s i`rjgm`h`s oanmtr`s qun e` i`eiam`iaùm pgr vï` sni` mg rnsuet` sucaianmtn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
;.9.: Ounstr`s jageùbai`s. Yn hnsirajn ` igmtamu`iaùm e` ontghgegbï` nopen`h` p`r` ne i`sg hn s`mbrn, gram` g vïsinr`s. V`r` s`mbrn, sn nopen`m > ` 06 oe hn s`mbrn nmtnr`< p`r` gram` sn us`m >6 oe y p`r` vïsinr`s sn nopen`m :> b vïsinr`s hnsonmuz`h`s
Zn`itavgs @iahg iahg mï mïtraig traig (p.` (p.`.) .) @iahg iahg su suecôr ecôraig aig igmi igminmtr nmtr`hg `hg nxnm nxnmtg tg hn @rsá @rsámaig maig,, X`e X`eag ag y Vego Vegog. g. Onzie` nm e` prgpgriaùm 04 : hn àiahg pnrieùraig y mïtraig Gx`e`tg hn `ogmag, sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. Nquapgs. J`eùm hn Ldneh`ke hn 066oe. Vrginhaoanmtg. Xghg ne prginhaoanmtg hnjn rn`eaz`rsn j`dg i`op`m` hn nxtr`iiaùm hn b`sns. Ya sn tr`t` hn vïsinr`s sn igegi` :> b hn vïsinr`s hnsonmuz`h`s nm um j`eùm Ldneh`ke hn :>6 oe hn vahrag Vyrnx tr`t`mhg hn mg tgi`r e`s p`rnhns. Yn `brnb`m 96 oe hn àiahg mïtraig igminmtr`hg y sn i`eanmt` sgjrn tne` ontàeai` k`st` hasbrnb`r tghg ne o`tnra`e. Yn igmtamô` i`enmt`mhg harnit`onmtn sgjrn ee`o` pnqunð` k`st` hasgevnr ne o`tnra`e. Yn rntar` y sn hnd` nmcra`r. Ya sn tr`t` hn gram`, sn oahnm >6 oe hn gram` y sn i`eanmt` sgjrn tne` ontàeai` nm um v`sg hn prniapat`hgs k`st` rnhuiar ` um quamtg hne grabam`e. Yn p`s` ne eïquahg rno`mnmtn `
um j`eùm Ldnehk`e hn 066 oe y sn amigrpgr` 06 oe hn àiahg mïtraig igminmtr`hg. Hn `eeï nm `hne`mtn sn prginhn hn e` oaso` o`mnr` nm `ojgs i`sgs. Yn `brnb` `e igmtnmahg hne Ldnehk`e 8-> oe hn àiahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg. Yn i`eanmt` ne igmtnmahg k`st`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
eenb`r ` i`rjgmaz`r e` o`tnra` grbàmai`. Nm nsn ogonmtg hnjn suspnmhnrsn ne i`enmt`oanmtg h`hg qun sn bnmnr` `ojanmtn rnhuitgr y sn pnrhnràm ont`ens igog ne `rsámaig g ne `mtaogmag pgr vge`taeaz`iaùm. Yn hnd` nmcra`r y sn `brnb` enmt`onmtn pgr ne iuneeg hne j`eùm 8 oe hn àiahg mïtraig y sn vunevn ` i`enmt`r. Ne `brnb`hg hn àiahg mïtraig sn rnpatn iu`mhg sn gjsnrvn gsiurniaoanmtg hne o`tnra`e. Yn igmtamô` i`enmt`mhg y sa sn prghuin i`rjgmaz`iaùm sn `brnb` 8 oe e` onzie` matraig-pnrieùraig. Yn i`eanmt` munv`onmtn y sa sn gjsnrv` munv`onmtn gsiurniaoanmtg sn `brnb` 8 oe hn e` onzie` mïtraig-pnrieùraig. Yn igmtamô` i`enmt`mhg k`st` e` `p`raiaùm kuogs hnmsgs y pns`hgs hn traùxahg hn `zucrn. Eenb`hg nstn pumtg, sn rntar` ne j`eùm hne cunbg qunh`mhg um eïquahg amigegrg g igm um eabnrg prniapat`hg je`mig g `o`raeenmtg hn suec`tg hn i`eiag g hn kanrrg rnspnitav`onmtn. Hnd`r nmcra`r y eunbg `brnb`r 9 ` 8 oe hn gx`e`tg hn `ogmag y sn vunevn ` i`enmt`r p`r` neaoam`r egs rnstgs hn sust`mia`s gxah`mtns k`st` munv`onmtn kuogs je`migs hn traùxahg hn `zucrn. Yn hnd` nmcra`r y sn `brnb` 0 g : oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` y sn i`eanmt` p`r` hnsprnmhnr v`pgrns hn `bu`. Yn rnpatn ne `brnb`hg hn `bu` y sn i`eanmt` k`st` kuogs je`migs hn traùxahg hn `zucrn. Yn igmtamô` i`enmt`mhg k`st` gjtnmnr um eïquahg rnsahu`e hn :oe, sn hnd` nmcra`r y sn tr`t` ne eïquahg y ne rnsahug sùeahg sa eg kujanr` igm `bu` hnstae`h` tr`msv`sàmhgeg ` um o`tr`z hn :> oe. Nm nstgs :> oe hn amvnstab`rà egs ont`ens igog X`eag, @rsámaig rsámaig,, Veg Vegog og y gtrg gtrgss on ont`en t`enss hn amtn amtnrás rás tgxa tgxaigeù igeùbaig baig..
;.9.9 Ounstr`s hn `bu`s. V`r` ne i`sg hn ounstr`s hn `bu`, `mtns hn e` rnigeniiaùm hn e` ounstr` hnjn tgo`rsn e` hniasaùm hn qun tapg hn h`tg sn hnsn` gjtnmnr igog snr4 ont`ens hasunetgs, suspnmhahgs, tgt`ens g rniupnr`jens tgt`ens. Egs ee`o`hgs ont`ens hasunetgs qun sgm `quneegs igmstatuynmtns ontàeaigs qun `tr`vans`m um` onojr`m` caetr`mtn hn 6,8> ¾o. Egs ont`ens suspnmhahgs qun sgm egs qun qunh`m rntnmahgs pgr e` onojr`m` hn 6,8>¾o, egs ont`ens tgt`ens igrrnspgmhnm ` e` igminmtr`iaùm hntnroam`h` sgjrn um` ounstr` sam caetr`r snbuah` pgr um` vabgrgs` habnstaùm
y egs ont`ens rniupnr`jens tgt`ens igrrnspgmhnm ` e` igminmtr`iaùm hn ont`ens nm um` ounstr` sam caetr`r snbuah` hn um tr`t`oanmtg igm àiahg oamnr`e haeuahg i`eanmtn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
V`r` e` rnigeniiaùm hn e`s ounstr`s hn `bu` ne rniapanmtn hnjn snr hn vahrag `e jgrgsaeai`tg, pgeantaenmg eamn`e, pgeaprgpaenmg g tnceùm qun hnjnm snr ouy janm e`v`hgs igm hntnrbnmtn y `bu` igrranmtn, nmdu`b`hg igm àiahg mïtraig 040, `bu` igrranmtn, àiahg iegrkïhraig 040 y cam`eonmtn igm `bu` hnstae`h` hnsagmz`h`.
• Vrginhaoanmtg. V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ont`ens hasunetgs e`s ounstr`s hn `bu` hnjnm nst`r eajrns hn turjanh`h g caetr`h`s ` tr`vás hn onojr`m` caetr`mtn hn 6.8> ¾o (prnva`onmtn e`v`h` igm àiahg mïtraig haeuahg). E` ounstr` hnjn snr caetr`h` nm ne ogonmtg hn e` rnigeniiaùm y eunbg sn `iahacai` igm : oe hn mïtraig igminmtr`hg pgr eatrg hn ounstr`. V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ont`ens suspnmhahgs e` ounstr` sn caetr` ` tr`vás hn um` onojr`m` caetr`mtn hn 6.8>¾o (prnva`onmtn e`v`h` igm àiahg mïtraig haeuahg) y ne `màeasas sn rn`eaz` sgjrn e` pgriaùm hn ounstr` rntnmah` nm e` onojr`m`. Yn tr`mscanrn e` onojr`m` ` um v`sg hn prniapat`hg hn :>6 oe y sn `brnb`m 9oe hn mïtraig igminmtr`hg. Iujrar ne v`sg igm um vahrag rnegd y i`enmt`r. Iu`mhg sn k` hasunetg e` onojr`m` amirnonmt`r ne i`enmt`oanmtg y nv`pgr`r ` snqunh`h. Nmcra`r y `brnb`r 9 oe hn àiahg mïtraig igmtamu`r i`enmt`mhg k`st` qun sn igopentn e` habnstaùm h`hg pgr um rnsahug hn igegr ie`rg. @brnb`r brnb`r rnsah rnsahug ug snig : oe hn àiah àiahg g iegrkïh iegrkïhraig raig (0+0 (0+0)) y i`enmt` i`enmt`rr ouy janm k`st` hasge hasgevnr vnr ne o`tnra`e. E`v`r e`s p`rnhns hn v`sg hn prniapat`hgs igm `bu` hnsagmaz`h` y caetr`r sa ns mnins`rag p`r` neaoam`r egs saeai`tgs u gtrgs o`tnra`ens amsgeujens qun punhnm gjtur`r ne `tgoaz`hgr. Eenv`r `e vgeuonm grabam`e hn e` ounstr` igm `bu` hnsagmaz`h`. E` igminmtr`iaùm hn ont`ens tgt`ens rnsuet` snr e` suo` hn e`s igminmtr`iagmns hn e`s cr`iiagmns hasunet`s y suspnmhah`s. E` hntnroam`iaùm hn ont`ens nxtr`ïjens sn rn`eaz` hnspuás hne `brnb`hg hn àiahg oamnr`e (: oe/E) y hne `bat`hg vabgrgsg pnroatanmhg qun rnpgsn hur`mtn um` mgikn. Nm ouikgs i`sgs nstg rnprnsnmt` ne igmtnmahg ontàeaig tgt`e sa k`m sahg hasunetgs tghgs egs snhaonmtgs. E` ounstr` nstà east` p`r` ne `màeasas iu`mtat`tavg onha`mtn Nspnitrgsigpa` hn
@jsgriaùm @tùoai`. @tùoai`.
;.9.8 Hnstruiiaùm hn O`tnra` Grbàmai` (HOG) pgr vï` sni`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nstn tapg hn hnstruiiaùm hn o`tnra` grbàmai` rnsuet` hn neniiaùm nm ne i`sg hn ounstr`s hn `eaonmtgs qun prnsnmtnm um` prgpgriaùm hn kahr`tgs hn i`rjgmg nenv`h`. Nst` táimai` mg ns `hniu`h` nm ne i`sg hn o`trains qun prnsnmtnm nenv`hg igmtnmahg hn prgtnïm`s g eïpahgs. Yn rn`eaz` e` HOG pgr i`eiam`iaùm hn e` ounstr` igm um` onzie` hn matr`tg hn o`bmnsag y ùxahg hn o`bmnsag qun tr`mscgro` ne ` egs ont`ens iu`mtat`tav`onmtn nm igopunstgs hnrav`hgs hn o`bmnsag. Nm nst`s igmhaiagmns egs ont`ens mg sgm vgeàtaens. Nm ne atno hnmgoam`hg hntnroam`iaùm hn `rsámaig sn hnsirajn ne prginhaoanmtg y ne cumh`onmtg hn e`s rn`iiagmns. Eunbg, e` ounstr` nstà east` p`r` ne `màeasas iu`mtat`tavg onha`mtn onha`mtn Nspnitr Nspnitrgsigpa` gsigpa` hn @jsgriaùm @tùoai` @tùoai`
;.8 Hntnroam`iaùm hn ont`ens hn amtnrás tgxaigeùbaig pgr `jsgriaùm `tùoai`. Egs ont`ens nm sgeuiaùm punhnm snr ouy janm hntnroam`hgs pgr nspnitrgsigpï` hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai`. Ne oátghg ns saopen, ràpahg y `peai`jen ` um br`m môonrg hn ont`ens nm `bu` hn jnjah`, hnsnikgs hgoaiaea`rags, j`rrgs, ceuahgs jageùbaigs igog e`s ounstr`s hn s`mbrn, gram` g vïsinr`s eunbg hn um` `hniu`h` HOG. @ebumgs ebumgs ont`ens igog ne `mtaogm `mtaogmag, ag, `rsá `rsámaig maig,, grg grg,, arah arahag, ag, onri onriurag urag,, gsoa gsoag, g, p`e` p`e`hag, hag, pe`tamg, rkghag, rutknoag, snenmag, pe`t`, t`eag, nst`ðg y tat`mag rnquanrnm oghacai`iagmns nm ne prginsg hn habnstaùm.
• Nquapgs Nspnitrgcgtùontrg Nspnitrgcgt ùontrg hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai`4 hnjn pgsnnr umg g hgs i`m`ens k`z hn euz saopen g hgjen ogmgirgo`hgr ` rnh hn hacr`iiaùm, hntnitgr cgtgouetapeai`hgr, r`mur`s `dust`jens, r`mbg v`ra`jen hn 016 ` ;66 mo n amtnrigmniiaùm ` um rnbastr`hgr.
Eàop`r`s hn iàtghg kunig punhnm utaeaz`rsn e`s hne nenonmtg saopen g e`s ouetaiàtghg.
• Zn`itavgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@bu` hnst hnstae`h ae`h` ` hn hnsagm sagmaz`h az`h` ` @iahg iahg mï mïtraig traig igmi igminmtr nmtr`hg `hg br`h br`hg g ns nspnit pnitrgsi rgsiùpai ùpaig. g. @iahg iahg mï mïtraig traig (040 (040)) @iahg iahg ie iegrkïh grkïhraig raig (040 (040)) Igojustajen y gxah`mtn sn us` bnmnr`eonmtn `intaenmg igonria`e y `arn prgvnmanmtn hn um iaeamhrg igm `arn igopraoahg. Ygeuiagmns stgil st`mh`rh hne ont`e
• Vrnp`r`iaùm hne nstàmh`r y e` i`eajr`iaùm. Yn prnp`r`m ` p`rtar hn ont`ens hn `et` purnz`, s`ens hn i`eah`h `m`eïtai` mg kabrgsiùpai`s us`mhg `bu` hnsagmaz`h` y àiahg mïtraig. E`s sgeuiagmns stgil sn prnp`r`m nm igminmtr`iagmns hn 0666 ob hn ont`e pgr eatrg. Egs st`mh`rhs hn i`eajr`iaùm sn prnp`r`m pgr haeuiaùm hn e` sgeuiaùm stgil hne ont`e nm ne ogonmtg hne `màeasas y sn hnsi`rt`m eunbg hne usg. Yn hnjnrà prnp`r`r um je`mig y igog oïmaog iu`trg nstàmh`rns hn i`eajr`iaùm nm amtnrv`egs hn `iunrhg `e r`mbg tgt`e nspnr`hg. Yn prnp`r`m nopen`mhg ne oasog tapg y igminmtr`iaùm hn àiahg us`hg nm e` prnp`r`iaùm hn e`s ounstr`s (àiahg mïtraig 040). @spar`r ne je`mig y e`s sgeuiagmns rnbastr`mhg e`s enitur`s. E` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm hnjn iujrar um r`mbg `prgpa`hg hn igminmtr`iaùm qun prghuin um` `jsgriaùm hn 6 ` ;6 %. Hnjahg ` qun e`s igminmtr`iagmns hntnit`h`s pgr nstn nquap`oanmtg sgm ouy j`d`s (ppo g ppj), hnjn nvat`rsn amtnrcnrnmia`s hn tghg tapg. ^m` hn nee`s punhn prgvnmar hne o`tnra`e hn vahrag utaeaz`hg. Vgr neeg, hnjn o`mtnmnrsn tghg ne o`tnra`e hn vahrag nm àiahg mïtraig 040 hur`mtn :8 ks, p`r` eunbg rn`eaz`r egs e`v`hgs y nmdu`buns hne o`tnra`e igm `bu` jahnstae`h`.
;.> Oátghgs hn @màeasas p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn ont`ens.
;.>.0 Amvnstab`iaùm y hntnroam`iaùm hn X`eag. •
Bnmnr`eah`hns hn e` amtgxai`iaùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ne t`eag ns um tùxaig hn `iiaùm hacnrah` y enmt` nxirniaùm. Ne ùrb`mg pramiap`e hn neaoam`iaùm ns ne raðùm. K`m giurrahg i`sgs hn amtgxai`iagmns `buh`s nm e`s qun ne X`eag k` sahg neaoam`hg pgr gram` igm v`egrns hn v`rags ob/E. ^m` amtgxai`iaùm `buh` igm s`ens hn X`eag punhn prghuiar h`ðgs b`strgamtnstam`ens igm ncnitgs rnt`rh`hgs g amtnronhags nm ne sastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e y pnracáraig, sastno` i`rhagv`siue`r, gdgs y pane. E` párhah` hn i`jneeg ns ne sïmtgo` tïpaig hn e` amtgxai`iaùm. E`s s`ens hn t`eag sgm nopen`h`s nm e` o`muc`itur` hn snoaigmhuitgrns y pabonmtgs. Mg k`in ouikg tanopg e` amvnstab`iaùm hn X`eag nr` crniunmtn hnjahg `e usg hacumhahg hn s`ens hn X`eag nm e` cgroue`iaùm hn irno`s hnpae`tgra`s, nm e`s qun ástn tapg hn igopunstgs sn nmigmtr`j` nm igminmtr`iagmns ouy inri`m`s ` e`s tùxai`s. X`ojaám sn k`ee`j`m hacumhah`s hastamt`s onzie`s rghnmtaiah`s (V`st` Tneag), igm igopunstgs hn X`eag igog sust`mia`s `itav`s. Nst`s i`nm nm hnsusg sanmhg rnnope`z`h`s pgr igopunstgs iuo`rïmaigs. E` hgsas ent`e hn t`eag nm `huetgs ns hn 6,: ` 0 b. Ne eïquahg hn neniiaùm p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn X`eag ns e` gram`, `umqun punhn utaeaz`rsn s`mbrn
•
Amvnstab`iaùm tgxaigeùbai` hne X`eag Nxastnm havnrsgs oátghgs nm e` jajeagbr`cï`, ` igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm hgs
oátghgs qun k`m sahg prgj`hgs nm munstrg e`jgr`tgrag igm nxinenmtns rnsuet`hgs.
•
Hntnroam`iaùm iu`eat`tav` hn X`eag nopen`mhg hatazgm`. E` amvnstab`iaùm tgxaigeùbai` hne X`eag sn rn`eaz` nm trns nt`p`s. 0) HOG igm onzie`
suecg-matrg-pnrieùrai` suecg-matrgpnrieùrai` (YMV). :) Nxtr`iiaùm ntárn` hne ont`e oamnr`eaz`hg igog traiegrurg hn t`eag. 9) Cgro`iaùm hne hatazgm`tg hn X`eag (rgs`hg) nm onhag `ei`eamg neaoam`mhg
amtnrcnrnmia`s hn gtrgs ont`ens. @ igmtamu`ia igmtamu`iaùm ùm sn hnsira hnsirajn jn ne prgin prginhaoa haoanmtg nmtg hn HOG p`r` i`m i`mtah` tah`hns hns pnq pnqunð` unð`ss hn ounstr`s hn gram`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Zn`itavgs4 @iahg iahg su suecôr ecôraig aig igmi igminmtr nmtr`hg `hg @iahg iahg mï mïtraig traig igmi igminmtr nmtr`hg `hg @iahg iahg mï mïtraig traig/àia /àiahg hg p pnrie nrieùrai ùraig g @bu` Znba Znba`4 `4 : vgeô vgeôonmn onmnss hn àiah àiahg g mï mïtraig traig 2 O y 3 vg vgeôon eôonmns mns hn à àiahg iahg iegr iegrkïhr kïhraig aig 3 3O) O) Átnr ntïeaig Yuecatg hn sghag Aghurg hn pgt`sag 6.>O Ia`murg hn pgt`sag :O Ygeuiaùm hn hatazgm` (:>6 ob/E) nm iegrgcgrog prnp`r`hg rnianmtnonmtn.
• Vrginhaoanmtg4 Igegi`r nm iàpsue` hn pgrine`m` > oe hne eïquahg jageùbaig y `brnb`r 8 bgt`s hn àiahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg y 06 bgt`s hn àiahg mïtraig igminmtr`hg. I`enmt`r nm j`ðg hn `rnm` k`st` qun sn gjsnrvn gsiurniaoanmtg hnjahg ` e` i`rjgmaz`iaùm hn e` o`tnra` grbàmai`. Yn hnjn rntar`r hne cunbg y `brnb`r 06 bgt`s hn um` onzie` igmstatuah` pgr hgs vgeôonmns hn àiahg mïtraig igminmtr`hg y um vgeuonm hn àiahg pnrieùraig 26%. Mumi` sn hnjn `brnb`r ne àiahg pnrieùraig harnit`onmtn sgjrn e` O`tnra` Grbàmai` (OG) pgr e` cgro`iaùm hn onzie`s nxpegsav`s. Eunbg sn igmtamô` i`enmt`mhg p`r` igminmtr`r y i`rjgmaz`r e` o`tnra` grbàmai`. Ya munv`onmtn sn gjsnrv` qun e` ounstr` sn gsiurnin snrà mnins`rag `brnb`r e` onzie` iat`h` nm e` oaso` i`mtah`h. Ya nstg mg giurrn, sn igmtamu`rà i`enmt`mhg k`st` kuogs hnmsgs y pns`hgs hn traùxahg hn `zucrn. Ya k` qunh`hg àiahg pnrieùraig, sn neaoam`rà ástn `mtns, t`ojaám igog kuogs je`migs pnrg mg t`m hnmsgs y i`r`itnrïstaigs igog egs hne traùxahg hn `zucrn. Ne i`enmt`oanmtg igmtamô` k`st` rnsahug sarupgsg. Ya sn gjsnrv` eabnr`onmtn igegrn`hg hn `o`raeeg, nstg punhn hnjnrsn ` e` prnsnmia` hn kanrrg. Yn hnd` nmcra`r, sn `brnb`m : oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` y sn i`eanmt` p`r` hnsigopgmnr igojam`iagmns matr`h`s y neaoam`r rnstgs hn sust`mia`s gxah`mtns, k`st` kuogs je`migs hn traùxahg hn `zucrn. Nmcra`r y `brnb`r munv`onmtn : oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`,
hasgevnr ne rnsahug igm `yuh` hn um` v`raee` hn vahrag y tr`sv`s`reg eunbg ` um tujg hn knoùeasas, `brnb`r : bgt`s hn àiahg mïtraig 2O y 3 bgt`s hn àiahg iegrkïhraig 3O (`bu` rnba`).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`enmt`r igm ouik` prni`uiaùm harnit`onmtn ` e` ee`o`, k`st` njueeaiaùm. KMG9 + KIe Ie:
+ Xe +
↚ ↚
↚ ↚
Ie:
XeIe8-
Nmcra`r y nxtr`nr hgs vnins igm ne hgjen hn su vgeuonm hn átnr ntïeaig. @bat`r, snp`r`r e` c`sn ntárn` y igminmtr`r ` pnqunðg vgeuonm nm j`ðg O`rï`. @p`b`r egs oniknrgs y nmcra`r. @e nxtr`itg igminmtr`hg `brnb`r um` pazi` hn suecatg hn sghag (p`r` neaoam`r ne iegrg prgvnmanmtn hne `bu` rnba` qun pghrï` gxah`r ne aghurg ` aghg y igmstatuar um` amtnrcnrnmia` y : bgt`s hn aghurg hn pgt`sag 6,>O y `bat`r nmárbai`onmtn. ^m igegr `o`raeeg nm c`sn ntárn` y nvnmtu`eonmtn, um prniapat`hg nm e` amtnrc`sn, amhai` rn`iiaùm pgsatav`. AL + XeIe8- ↚ ↚ XeA9 (@o`raeeg) @brnb`r brnb`r > bgt`s hn sge sgeuiaù uiaùm m hn hatazg hatazgm` m` y unbg bgt` ` bgt` y `bat` `bat`mhg mhg um` sge sgeuiaù uiaùm m hn kahrùxahg hn sghag 8O k`st` var`dn hn e` hatazgm`. Eunbg `brnb`r 8 bgt`s hn sgeuiaùm hn ia`murg hn pgt`sag :O. @bat`r nmárbai`onmtn y hnd`r snp`r`r e`s hgs c`sns. ^m igegr rgs`hg nm e` c`sn ntárn` amhai` rn`iiaùm pgsatav` (hatagm`tg hn t`eag).
•
Hntnroam`iaùm iu`mtat`tav` hn X`eag nopen`mhg hatazgm`.
Ne sabuanmtn oátghg ns `peai`hg nm cgro` iu`mtat`tav` ` ounstr`s hn gram`
• Zn`itavgs4 0. Zn`itavg ia`murg4 Hasgevnr 0.3 b hn kahrùxahg hn sghag, 0.: b hn t`rtr`tg hn sghag y 0.93 b hn ia`murg hn pgt`sag nm 06 oe hn `bu`. Xnmnr suog iuah`hg `e us`r ne rn`itavg hn ia`murg. :. Ygeuiaùm hn hatazgm` (:>6 ob/E) nm iegrgcgrog prnp`r`hg rnianmtnonmtn.
• Nstàmh`rns4 0. Je`mig hn gram` `e iu`e sn en `brnb` um` sgeuiaùm hn `int`tg hn t`eag nm `bu` hnstae`h` (0.6 b/E) p`r` gjtnmnr um` igminmtr`iaùm hn 6.0, 0.6, >.6 y 06.6 ob/E
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
• Nquapgs4 Nspnitrgcgtùontrg ^S-vasajen
• Vrginhaoanmtg4 0. @brnb`r 0 oe hn rn`itavg ia`murg ` > oe ounstr` prnva`onmtn rn`eaz`h` e` HOG y rntgo`h` igm > oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` g > oe hn st`mh`rh nm tujgs hn 06 oe y `bat`r onha`mtn vgrtnx hur`mtn 06 snbumhgs. 0. @brnb`r : oe hn sgeuiaùm hn hatazgm`, onzie`r igm vùrtnx hur`mtn 0 oamutg y inmtracub`r hur`mtn > oamutgs. :. Hnsi`rt`r e` c`sn amcnragr, (c`sn `iugs`) y caetr`r ne nxtr`itg iegrgcgrog ` tr`vás hn p`pne hn caetrg. 9. Onhar e` `jsgrj`mia` hne nxtr`itg y ennr igmtr` um je`mig hn gram` ` 8;6 oo. ^m igegr rgs`hg nm e` c`sn amcnragr iegrgcgrog amhai` prnsnmia` hn t`eag ` um` igminmtr`iaùm hn 0 ob/E. Zn`eaz`r um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm. Nstn oátghg prnsnmt` um môonrg hn ont`ens qun punhnm amtnrcnrar. V`r` rn`eaz`r e` onhah` nm cgro` hncamatav`, hnjn rn`eaz`rsn e` hntnroam`iaùm hne nxtr`itg iegrgcùroaig onha`mtn nspnitrgcgtgontrï` hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai`. Ynmsajaeah`h hne oátghg4 6.0 ob/E.
•
Hntnroam`iaùm iu`mtat`tav` hn X`eag (Oátghg hn Lgj`ram ’Oguil`, oghacai`hg pgr Vgopna). @ p`rtar hn ounstr`s ounstr`s hn s`mb s`mbrn, rn, gram gram`, `, vïsinr vïsinr`s `s sn rn`ea rn`eaz` z` e` Hnstrui Hnstruiiaùm iaùm hn o`tn o`tnra` ra`
grbàmai` (HOG) igog sn hnsirajaù prnva`onmtn k`st` egbr`r um rnsahug sarupgsg. Ne nxtr`itg sn rnsuspnmhn nm > oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` nm um v`sg hn prniapat`hg.
• Zn`itavgs4 Àiahg iahg Ie Iegrkï grkïhrai hraig g igminm igminmtr`h tr`hg g
Ygeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn jrgog Ygeuiaùm `iugs` hn àiahg suecgs`eaiïeaig `e :6% Sagent` hn ontaeg nm sgeuiaùm `iugs` `e 6.:%. Jnminmg p.`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
• Nquapgs4 Nspnitrgcgtùontrg ^S vasajen
• Vrginhaoanmtg4 •
@e nxtr`itg rnsuspnmhahg nm > oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`, sn `brnb`m 6.9 oe hn àiahg
iegrkïhraig igminmtr`hg y 6.> oe hn `bu` hn jrgog. Yn nspnr`m : oamutgs y eunbg sn `brnb` 6.> oa hn àiahg suecgs`eaiïeaig :6% `bat`mhg nmárbai`onmtn (mg sn hnjn pnriajar gegr ` jrgog). Eunbg hn > oamutgs, `brnb`r 8 oe hn jnminmg y 6. 0 oe hn vagent` hn ontaeg 6.:%. Xghg ne prginhaoanmtg hnjn rn`eaz`rsn nm i`op`m` hn nxtr`iiaùm hn b`sns. Znigrh`r qun ne jnminmg ns ouy tùxaig. @bat`r y hnd`r snp`r`r e`s c`sns. Yn rnigbn e` i`p` grbàmai` (jnmiámai`) supnragr • qun `hquanrn igegr `zue-vagent` hn nxastar t`eag. E` i`p` amcnragr `iugs` `hquanrn igegr vnrhn g `o`raeeg hn `iunrhg ` e` `iahnz hne • onhag y` qun ne igegr`mtn `itô` igog amhai`hgr. Yn enn e` `jsgrj`mia` ` 368 mo eenv`mhg ` inrg igm jnminmg. Ne v`egr hn • `jsgrj`mia` gjtnmahg sn amtnrpge` nm um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm. V`r`ene`onmtn ` e` ounstr` sn prgins` um je`mig hn rn`itavgs.
•
Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs4 Ne X`eag mg sn hntnit` mgro`eonmtn nm ceuahgs jageùbaigs hn amhavahugs mg
igmt`oam`hgs. V`ianmtns igm um` igminmtr`iaùm hn X`eag qun supnrnm egs mavnens hn 6.> ob/E (igminmtr`iaùm `sgia`h` igm sabmgs hn tgxaiah`h) hnjnm snr tr`t`hgs oáhai`onmtn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
;.>.: Amvnstab`iaùm y hntnroam`iaùm hn @rsámaig.
• Bnmnr`eah`hns hn e` amtgxai`iaùm. Ne @rsámaig sn k`ee` prnsnmtn nm e`s `bu`s sujtnrràmn`s utaeaz`h`s igog `bu` hn igmsuog. Vgr nsg sn eg k`ee` t`ojaám nm egs vnbnt`ens qun eg `jsgrjnm nm e` r`ïz g sgm rnb`hgs igm haik`s `bu`s. Egs o`rasigs caetr`m br`mhns i`mtah`hns hn `bu` y igminmtr`m ne @s. Ne @s cgro cgro` ` p`r p`rtn tn t`ojaám hn `ebumgs `ebumgs onh onhai`o ai`onmtg nmtgss grbà grbàmaig maigss n amgrbàm amgrbàmaig aigss us`h us`hgs gs `mtabu`onmtn. Ne `rsnma`tg hn sghag sn usù igog igegr`mtn y ne `rsnma`tg hn igjrn nm vahrag, p`pne y pamtur`s. Nm pargtnima` sn us`m igopunstgs hn @s p`r` e`s ee`o`s vnrhns. Nm `ebumgs i`sgs ne @s sn usù hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` iraoam`e. E` samtgo`tgegbï` gjsnrv`h` nm i`sgs hn amtgxai`iaùm puhn hastambuarsn snbôm sn` hn tapg `buh` g irùmai`.
• @buh`4 - S`sg hae`t`iaùm hn egs i`pae`rns s`mbuïmngs igm `etnr`iaùm hn e` pnron`jaeah`h
hn egs oasogs. - Sùoatgs, ha`rrn` (párhah` hn `bu` y s`ens), arrat`iaùm hn b`rb`mt`, hgegrns
c`rambns. - Nhno`s sujiutàmngs. Kapnrtnmsaùm. - Ige`psg, skgil, igo`. Ounrtn.
• Irùmai`4 Ne @s sn umn ` `ejôoam`, sn `jsgrjn càiaeonmtn ` e`s ouigs`s y sn hnpgsat` nm kïb`hg, raðùm, kunsgs, pnegs y uð`s. Yn neaoam` pgr gram` y knins, pnrg sn rn`jsgrjn nm ne t`jueg igmtgrmn`hg prgxao`e. Vgr eg t`mtg, hnjahg ` qun e` `jsgriaùm ns o`ygr qun e`
neaoam`iaùm, sn `iuoue`. Egs sïmtgo`s oàs i`r`itnrïstaigs sgm4 - i`ïh` hne i`jneeg. - o`mg nm cgro` hn b`rr` y pan igeb`mtn - nm pane4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
- nrupiagmns - * kapnrqunr`tgsas (nmbrgs`oanmtg hn e` pane hn e` p`eo` hn e`s o`mgs y pans)
* kapnrpabonmt`iaùm (o`mik`s gsiur`s) -hnbnmnr`iaùm br`s` hne kïb`hg qun punhn h`r iarrgsas. -tnojegrns pgr `etnr`iaùm hne YMI igm hnsnquaeajrag hn M` y L -c`sn cam`e4 iàminr hn pane.
•
Amvnstab`iaùm tgxaigeùbai` hn `rsámaig V`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn `rsámaig nm o`tnra`ens jageùbaigs, `eaonmtgs, nti, ns
mnins`rag hnstruar prnva`onmtn e` o`tnra` grbàmai`. Ne oátghg nopen`hg hnpnmhn hne o`tnra`e jageùbaig hn qun sn tr`tn.
•
Vnegs y uð`s.
Yn utaeaz` um` onzie` hn àiahgs gxabnm`hgs igminmtr`hgs qun hnskahr`t`m, gxah`m y s`pgmacai`m e` o`tnra` grbàmai`. Vrginhaoanmtg44 Vrginhaoanmtg Nm um` iàpsue` hn pgrine`m` igegi`r 0 ` : b hn o`tnra`e. Ya sn tr`t` hn pnegs ns igmvnmanmtn kuonhninregs igm um`s bgt`s hn `bu` hnstae`h`. @brnb`r 0 oe hn àiahg suecôraig igminmtr`hg y > oe hn àiahg mïtraig igminmtr`hg. Ya ns pgsajen hnd`r nm igmt`itg v`ra`s kgr`s. I`enmt`r prgbrnsav`onmtn sgjrn tne` ontàeai` y eunbg nm j`ðg hn `rnm`. Iu`mhg `p`rninm kuogs je`migs, rntar`r hne j`ðg hn `rnm` y `brnb`r : oe hn e` onzie` igmstatuah` pgr hgs p`rtns hn àiahg mïtraig igminmtr`hg y um` p`rtn hn àiahg pnrieùraig igminmtr`hg (26%). Hnshn nstn pumtg nm `hne`mtn, iu`mhg sn prghuzi` gsiurniaoanmtg hne eïquahg pgr i`rjgmaz`iaùm hnjn suspnmhnrsn ne i`enmt`oanmtg hne oasog puns nm haikg onhag rnhuitgr
sn pnrhnrà @s pgr vge`taeaz`iaùm.
I`enmt`r k`st` kuogs je`migs y rnpntar nstn tr`t`oanmtg k`st` qun ne rnsahug sn` amigegrg g je`mquniamg. Zntar`r hne j`ðg y `brnb`r 06 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`. I`enmt`r munv`onmtn k`st` rnsahug sarupgsg. Nmcra`r y tgo`r igm 06 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`. Ne o`tnra`e
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
nstà eastg p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm iu`eat`tav` y eunbg iu`mtat`tav` nopen`mhg @jsgriaùm @tùoai`. tùoai`.
•
@eaonmtgs. Mgs rncnrarnogs nm p`rtaiue`r `e i`sg hn `eaonmtgs nm j`sn ` kahr`tgs hn i`rjgmg. Yn
rn`eaz` e` HOG pgr i`eiam`iaùm hn e` ounstr` igm um` onzie` hn matr`tg hn o`bmnsag y ùxahg hn o`bmnsag qun tr`mscgro` ne @s iu`mtat`tav`onmtn nm parg`rsnma`tg hn o`bmnsag. Nm nst`s igmhaiagmns ne @s mg ns vgeàtae. Nm nstn i`sg ns `hniu`h` um` HOG pgr vï` sni` pgrqun e` prgpgriaùm hn kahr`tgs hn i`rjgmg ns nenv`h`, y` qun igm e` prnsnmia` hn prgtnïm`s g eïpahgs, sn hacaiuet` e` ruptur` hn e`s br`mhns ogeáiue`s. Vrginhaoanmtg4 Igegi`r 06 b hn ounstr` nm iàpsue` hn pgrine`m` y `brnb`r 9.> oe hn sgeuiaùm hn matr`tg hn o`bmnsag `e :6% y 6.0 b. hn ùxahg hn o`bmnsag. Onzie`r janm cgro`mhg um` p`paee` y i`enmt`r praonrg ` j`ðg o`rï` k`st` snqunh`h, eunbg nm j`ðg hn `rnm` y pgr ôetaog nm traàmbueg hn pap`s k`st` inmaz`s je`mi`s. Nmcra`r y tgo`r ne rnsahug igm 06 oe hn àiahg suecôraig `e 06%. Caetr`r sa ns mnins`rag ` cam hn gjtnmnr um` ounstr` hn `spnitg eïopahg. ObG
+ : Ob(MG9 ): +@s:G9
Ob9(@sG8 ):
I@EGZ
@s:G2Ob: +K :YG8
Ob 9(@sG8): + 8 MG : @s:G2Ob: (parg`rsnma`tg) (parg`rsnma`tg) + ObG @sG 8K9 + ObYG 8 (ài. `rsámaig)
Hntnroam`iaùm m iu`eat`tav`. • Hntnroam`iaù
Zn`iiagmns hn ahnmtacai`iaùm.
Yn rn`eaz`m eunbg hn e` hnstruiiaùm hn e` o`tnra` grbàmai` (HOG). E`s oaso`s sn j`s`m nm e`s prgpanh`hns rnhuitgr`s hn e` @sK 9g hn ianrtgs rn`itavgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Zn`iiiaùm hn Jgub`uet4
Nm um tujg hn nms`yg igegi`r um vgeuonm hn eïquahg ` nms`y`r igm um vgeuonm hn rn`itavg (àiahg cgscùraig) ` j`ðg o`rï` hur`mtn 06 oamutgs. Nm prnsnmia` hn igopunstgs `rsnmai`ens `p`rnin um igegr p`rhg gsiurg ` o`rrùm iuy` amtnmsah`h v`rï` igm e` igminmtr`iaùm. : @sG9-9 + 9 K 9VG:
9 K 9VG8 + : @s 6 (o`rrùm)
E` rn`iiaùm tanmn um` snmsajaeah`h hn 066 ppo `uonmt`h` ` 06 ppo sa sn `brnb` A:. Ne snenmatg `itô` igog amtnrcnrnmia` puns h` e` oaso` rn`iiaùm. Yn rnquanrn `usnmia` `jsgeut` hn o`tnra` grbàmai`. Zn`iiaùm hn Jnttnmhgrc4
Nm um tujg hn nms`yg pgmnr um vgeuonm hn eïquahg oàs um vgeuonm hn rn`itavg . I`enmt`r ` njueeaiaùm y hnd`r rnpgs`r. Ya k`y @s `p`rnin igegr`iaùm p`rh` gsiur` g o`rrùm. @sG9 -9 + 9 KIe : Ie9 @s + 9 Ym YmIe Ie:(:%) (:%)
Ie9 @s : @s 6 (o`rrùm) + 9 YmIe 8
Zn`iiaùm hn Butznat4
Nm um tujg hn knoùeasas knoùeasas igegi`r 0 oe hn ài. suecô suecôraig raig `e :>% @brnb`r 0 oe hne eïquahg prgjeno` y um` br`m`ee` hn Tm `itav`hg. Nm e` p`rtn onha` hne tujg igegi`r um trgzg hn `ebghùm nojnjahg nm sgeuiaùm hn `int`tg hn pegog `e 0% y nm e` jgi` hne tujg um p`pne hn caetrg sgjrn `e qun sn igegi` um` pnqunð` bgt` hn um` sgeuiaùm hn matr`tg hn pe`t` iuy` igminmtr`iaùm mg sn` onmgr hne >6%
Igegi`r ne tujg nm j`ðg hn `bu` crï`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nm prnsnmia` hn @s sn gjtanmn um` igegr`iaùm `o`raee` i`r`itnrïstai`. Ne p`pne igegi`hg nm e` jgi` hne tujg punhn p`s`r ` igegr mnbrg igrrnspgmhanmtn ` @b´ hnjahg ` e` kuonh`h hne `ojanmtn. Tm + 00 K + @sG8-9+ @sK9+ 3 MG 9 @b @s.@b
[email protected] MG9 @b + 9 K:G
@sK 9 + Tm +: + 8 K :G @s.@ @s.@b b9.9 MG9 @b (`o`ra (`o`raeeg) eeg) + 9 K KMG MG9 @sG9-9 + 3 @b 6 ¯(mnbrg) + 9 MG 9- + 3 K +
E` rn`iiaùm tanmn um` snmsajaeah`h hn 06 ppo.
• Hntnroam`iaùm iu`mtat`tav` hn `rsámaig. `) Oátghg hn Butznat4 Yn j`s` nm e` cgro`iaùm hn `rsam` pgr `iiaùm hne kahrùbnmg m`ianmtn sgjrn igopunstgs `rsnmai`ens. E` `rsam` rn`iiagm` igm um p`pne nojnjahg nm Ie :Kb cgro`mhg igopendgs igegrn`hgs. E` egmbatuh n amtnmsah`h hn e` o`mik` ns prgpgriagm`e ` e` igminmtr`iaùm hn hn @s e` iu`e sn igop`r` ig igm m o`mik`s nstàm nstàmh`r. h`r. Ne `p`r`tg igmsastn nm um cr`sig iuyg vgeuonm v`rï` snbôm e` i`mtah`h hn @s ` hntnroam`r (Cab. 0). V`r` i`mtah`hns hn @s nmtrn >6 y 966 ppo sn utaeaz` um cr`sig iuyg vgeuonm hn :>6 oe. V`r` i`mtah i`mtah`hns `hns hn @s nmtrn 6 6,0 ,0 y :6 ppo ne vgeuonm hne cr`sig ns hn 36 oe. Eenv` um t`pùm hn bgo` bgo` igm um gracaiag `e qun sn `dust` `dust` um tujg hn vahrag igm um nstrnik`oanmtg< ` ástn sn `hgs` gtrg tujg saoae`r pnrg hn onmgr haàontrg nm iuy` p`rtn supnragr sn igegi` um` j`mh` hn p`pne nojnjah` igm um` sgeuiaùm hn Ie:Kb y eunbg sni`hg.
• Zn`itavgs. Ygeuiaùm hn `int`tg hn pegog `e 0%
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
V`pne nojnjahg nm sgeuiaùm `iugs` hn iegrurg hn onriurag `e >% Onzie` àiah` @euojrn euojrn cárr cárraig aig Iegrurg nst`mmgsg `e 86% V/Snm àiahg iegrkïhraig 36% S/S Br`m`ee`s hn Tami
• Vrginhaoanmtg
Igegi`r nm e` p`rtn amcnragr hne tujg hn hnsprnmhaoanmtg um p`pne hn caetrg penb`hg y nojnjahg nm sgeuiaùm hn `int`tg hn pegog snig. Vgr ne nstrnik`oanmtg hn nstn tujg amtrghuiar e`m` hn vahrag nojnjah` nm `int`tg hn pegog. Cam`eonmtn, nm e` p`rtn supnragr hne tujg igegi`r um` tar` nojnjah` nm Ie:Kb snig. Ne @i:Vj rntanmn ne YK: (igog YVj) qun amtnrcanrn igm ne igegr. Nm ne cr`sig igegi`r :6 oe hn onzie` àiah`, : oe hn sgeuiaùm hn `euojrn cárraig, 6,> oe hn Ie:Ym. @brnb`r e` i`p`iah`h hn um irasge hn 96 oe hn br`m`ee`s hn Tm `itav`hg y eenv`r ` vgeuonm hn :66 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h` y igegi`r pgr ôetaog um` i`mtah`h nx`it`onmtn onhah` hn sgeuiaùm ` nms`y`r. Ne `brnb`hg hn IeM` y K:G ` e` onzie` àiah` prghuin um hnsprnmhaoanmtg rnbue`r hn @rsam` (@sK9). Ne `euojrn cárraig igopend` ne Yj qun puhanr` nst`r prnsnmtn. Ne Ie:Ym hasoamuyn ne sgjrnpgtnmia`e hne Kahrùbnmg pnroatanmhg e` rnhuiiaùm. X`p`r pnrcnit`onmtn y igegi`r nm j`ðg hn `bu` crï` hur`mtn 8> oamutgs. Y`i`r e` j`mh` hn p`pne rn`itavg y suonrbare` nm um` sgeuiaùm hn LA `e 06% qun pnroatn nst`jaeaz`r ne igegr. Yni`r nmtrn p`pne hn caetrg y igop`r`r igm j`mh`s st`mh`rh gjtnmah`s gpnr`mhg hn e` oaso` o`mnr`. Nm ne i`sg hn utaeaz`r ne cr`sig hn 36 oe, e`s i`mtah`hns hn rn`itavgs v`rï`m.
@sG8-9+ 8 Tm 6 + K + 5??????????= @sK 9 (`rsam`) + 8 Tm +: + 8 K :G : @sK9 + 9 Ie :Kb 5?????????= @s:Kb9 (`o`raeeg p`rhg) + KIe
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@s:Kb9 + A -0 5???????????= (A 8Kb)9 @s9 E` snmsajaeah`h hne oátghg ns hn >6 ppo ` 966 ppo
Cab. 04 Nquapg p`r` hntnroam`iaùm hn `rsámaig pgr ne oátghg hn Butznat iu`ea y iu`mtat`tavg.
Nxprnsaùm hn rnsuet`hgs4 sn amhai`rà e` i`mtah`h hn @s sgjrn e` o`s` hn ounstr` pns`h`. Eg k`jatu`e ns nxprns`r ne rnsuet`hg nm ob/Lb hn ounstr`. j) Oátghg hn S`s`i y Ynhavni4 Ynhavni4 Ne oátghg ns saoae`r `e `mtnragr igm ne cumh`onmtg hn rnhuiar iu`mtat`v`onmtn ne `rsámaig nm e` ounstr` igm br`m`ee`s hn zami y eunbg e` `rsam` rn`iiagm` igm um` sgeuiaùm hn hantaehatagi`rj`o`tg hn pe`t` nm paraham` cgro`mhg um igopendg igegr rgdg qun ns onhahg nspnitrgcgoátrai nspnitrgcgoátrai`onmtn. `onmtn.
• Zn`itavgs4 Ygeuiaùm Nstàmh`r hn @rsámaig4 hasgevnr 6.0298 b hn `rsnmatg hn sghag nm 0666 oe hn
`bu` jahnstae`h` (sgeuiaùm @). Xgo`r 06 oe hn nst` sgeuiaùm (@) y eenv`r ` 066 oe igm `bu` jahnstae`h` (sgeuiaùm J). Xgo`r 06 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm J y eenv`r ` 066 oe igm `bu` jahnstae`h` (sgeuiaùm I)? 0¾/oe.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Yn prnp`r`m Nstàmh`r hn 6, 0, :, > 06 y :6 ¾b hn @s tgo`mhg 6,0, :,>, 06 y :6 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm p`trùm I. eghurg hn pgt`sag 0>% @int`tg hn pegog pegog 06% V/S. @iahg iegrkïhraig iegrkïhraig igminmtr`hg Ygeuiaùm parahamai` parahamai` hn hantaehatagi` hantaehatagi`rj`o`tg rj`o`tg hn pe`t` (HHI (HHI@b) @b) 6.>% Br`m`ee`s hn zami Aghurg hn pgt`sag 0>% V/S. Iegrurg nst`mmgsg `e 86% V/Snm àiahg iegrkïhraig 36% S/S
• Vrginhaoanmtg4 • ^m` vnz cam`eaz`h` e` oamnr`eaz`iaùm sn tr`sv`s` iu`mtat`tav`onmtn ne igmtnmahg hne j`eùm `e nrenmonynr @ hne haspgsatavg hn S`s`i y Ynhavni e`v`mhg ne j`eùm igm i`mtah`h sucaianmtn hn `bu` hnstae`h` k`st` um vgeuonm hn :> oe. V`r`ene`onmtn prgins`r um je`mig hn rn`itavgs sam oamnr`eaz`iaùm prnva`. @brnb`r ` igmtamu`iaùm nm 0 oe hn aghurg hn hn pgt`sag 0>% oàs 06 oe hn àiahg iegrkïhraig igminmtr`hg. Hnd`r rnpgs`r : oamutgs y `brnb`r 6,> oe hn sgeuiaùm hn iegrurg nst`mgsg y hnd`r 0> oamutgs nm rnpgsg. E` sgeuiaùm hnjn pnro`mninr amigegr` amigegr` g eabnr`onm eabnr`onmtn tn turja`. Ya nm e` nt`p` cam`e hn e` oamnr`eaz` oamnr`eaz`iaùm iaùm mg sn neaoamù tghg tghg ne gxah`mtn, ne ieg iegrurg rurg sn igmvanrtn nm Ie: y `p`rnin igegr `o`raeeg nm e` sgeuiaùm). @h`pt`r amonha`t`onm amonha`t`onmtn tn ne tujg J qun igmtanmn `ebghùm aoprnbm`hg nm `int`tg hn pegog y ne tujg `igh`hg I qun igmtanmn e` sgeuiaùm sgeuiaùm parahamai` parahamai` hn hantaehatagi` hantaehatagi`rj`o`tg rj`o`tg hn pe`t` (HHI@b). Cam`eonmtn sn `brnb`m trns br`m`ee`s hn zami y ràpah`onmtn sn ianrr` ne nquapg `snbur`mhg qun mg nxast`m párhah`s nm e`s dumt`s. Xr`j`d`r nm i`op`m` hn nxtr`iiaùm hn b`sns. Yn hnd` jurjudn`r (hnsprnmhnr kahrùbnmg) kahrùbnmg) hur`mtn 96 ` 8> oamutgs.
Nm prnsnmia` hn `rsnm`oam` ne rn`itavg `rbámtaig `hquanrn igegr rgdg. Yn rn`eaz` um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm igm > p`trgmns. Zn`eaz`r e` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm rnprnsnmt`mhg @jsgrj`mia` vs. vs. ¾b hn @s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ennr e` `jsgrj`mia` hne igopendg cgro`hg ` >86 mo y sn i`eiue` e` igminmtr`iaùm hn @s nm e` ounstr` amtnrpge`mhg ne v`egr hn e` `jsgrj`mia` gjtnmah` nm um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm. Amtnrprnt`iaùm quïoai` hn e` rn`iiaùm4 Nm ne oamnr`eaz`hg ne @s sn nmiunmtr` igog @sG 8K:. Ne `brnb`hg hn aghurg hn pgt`sag tanmn pgr gjdntg tr`mscgro`r ne @sG8K:- nm @sG9K:- hn `iunrhg ` e` sabuanmtn rn`iiaùm4 @sG8K:- + : K+ + 9A -
@sG 9K:
-
+ K:6 + A9-
NA I0:Ym `hnoàs hn `itu`r igog hnspge`raz`m hnspge`raz`mtn tn rnhuin ne A 9-c gro`hg4
A9- + 3Ie - + Ym :+
9A - + (Ie 3Ym):-
Ne Tm´ eajnr` K m`ianmtn ne iu`e rnhuin ne @sG8K:- ` `rsnm`oam` (@sK9)
E` @sK9, `e amiahar sgjrn e` sgeuiaùm parahïmai` hn hantaehatagi`rj`o`tg hn pe`t` qun ns hn igegr `o`raeeg, cgro` igm ástn um igopendg hn igegr rgdg. E` rn`iiaùm quïoai` ns e` sabuanmtn4
M(Nt): I
Y Y@b
M(Nt):
+
@K9
I Y YK
M(Nt): + I Y
@s/9 + K:G + @ @b´ b´
Y
igegr rgdg
Ne `int`tg hn pegog sn utaeaz` p`r` neaoam`r e` amtnrcnrnmia` hne YK : qun nm nstn i`sg nst`rï` prnsnmtn pgr e`s igmhaiagmns rnhuitgr`s hn nstgs nms`ygs eg qun c`vgrninrï` e` tr`mscgro`iaùm hne YG8:- nm YK : .
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Eïoatn hn iu`mtacai`iaùm4 Nm e`s igmhaiagmns hn tr`j`dg prninhnmtns ne eïoatn hn iu`mtacai`iaùm ns hn 6,> ¾b%. Nst` táimai` pnroatn hntnroam`r @s tgt`e y ns ôtae p`r` e` amvnstab`iaùm nm amtgxai`iagmns `buh`s y irùmai`s, pnrg mg sarvn p`r` ne snbuaoanmtg jageùbaig hn tr`j`d`hgrns nxpunstgs `e @s amgrbàmaig.
;.>.9 Amtgxai`iaùm pgr Vegog. Bnmnr`eah`hns hn e` amtgxai`iaùm Ne grabnm hn e` amtgxai`iaùm igm Vegog punhn snr4 Vrgcnsagm`e4 Nm e` amhustra` sn us`m igopunstgs grb`mgontàeaigs hn Vegog igog `mtahntgm`mtns. Znvnstaoanmtg hn i`jens, `mtaigrrgsavgs, nm pamtur`s y nso`etns (ùxahgs hn Vegog), aoprnmt`s hn tapgbr`cï`. Nm cumhaiagmns n amhustra`s hn rniupnr`iaùm hne ont`e. @ojanmt`e4 Ne `bu` pgt`jen punhn igmt`oam`rsn ` p`rtar hne pgevg `togscáraig. E`s tujnrï`s hn Vegog vunei`m ne ont`e sgeujen `e `bu` nm igmhaiagmns àiah`s. Nm um` amtgxai`iaùm igm Vegog, bnmnr`eonmtn irùmai`, sn vnràm `cnit`h`s cumh`onmt`eonmtn cumh`onmt`eon mtn hgs nmzao`s hn e` vï` hn sïmtnsas hne Kno4 (`) Hnet`-@E@ hnkahr`t`s`, qun i`t`eaz` e` igmvnrsaùm hn àiahg hnet`-`oamg envueïmaig (hnet`-@E@) ` pgrcgjaeamùbnmg pgrcgjaeamùbnmg nm ne amaiag hn e` vï` (j) cnrrgqune`t`s` qun i`t`eaz` e` amtrghuiiaùm hne Cn+9 nm ne `maeeg hn e` prgtgpgrcaram` A[ p`r` h`r eub`r ` e` cgro`iaùm hne Knog. Nstg v` ` hnrav`r nm um` pgrcara` sniumh`ra` g `hquarah`, qun, nm cgro` irùmai`, sn
o`macanst` nm ne igmdumtg hn sïmtgo`s i`r`itnrïstaigs qun igmstatuynm ne s`turmasog.
Nm e`jgr`tgrag sn hntnroam` ne Vnrcae Veôojaig, qun igmsastn nm e` iu`mtacai`iaùm hn hnet`-@E@ (`uonmt`h`) y igprgpgrcaram`s (`uonmt`h`s) nm gram` y hnet` -@E@ hnkahr`t`s` (hasoamuïh`) y Vegog nm s`mbrn (`uonmt`hg).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Vgr gtrg e`hg sn jusi`rà t`ojaám ne pumtn`hg j`sùcaeg i`r`itnrïstaig.
•
Amvnstab`iaùm hn amtgxai`iaùm peôojai` Hntnroam`iaùm hn Vegog nm s`mbrn (Veuojnoa`). Ne oátghg ieàsaig p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn Vegog nm s`mbrn ns ne oátghg hn D`igjs
oghacai`hg, qun sn j`s` nm e` cgro`iaùm hne hatazgm`tg hn Vegog, um` vnz neaoam`hgs pgr igopend`iaùm y nxtr`iiaùm egs ont`ens amtnrcnrnmtns, y su enitur` nspnitrgcgtgoátrai` ` >06 mo. E`s táimai`s hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai` sgm oàs ràpah`s y prnias`s. Xanmnm `hnoàs ouy `et` nspniacaiah`h hn o`mnr` qun e`s amtnrcnrnmia`s sgm pgi`s. Vgr nstg egs prntr`t`oanmtgs utaeaz`hgs nm e`s táimai`s igegraoátrai`s sn saopeacai`m nmgrononmtn. Z`r`onmtn sn us`m p`r` ne `màeasas iu`eat`tavg. Egs eïoatns hn hntniiaùm p`r` e`s táimai`s hn `tgoaz`iaùm nm ee`o` sn nmiunmtr`m nm ne grhnm hn egs ¾b/oe y egs vgeôonmns hn ounstr` rnqunrahgs sgm hn `ernhnhgr hn : oe. Egs igncaianmtns hn v`ra`iaùm sgm hn : ` 6,0%. Nm táimai`s nm hgmhn sn rn`eaz` um` `tgoaz`iaùm nm kgrmg hn br`catg sn rnquanrnm vgeôonmns hn ounstr` hn `ernhnhgr hn >6 ¾E, igm eïoatns hn hntniiaùm 06 ` 066 vnins onmgrns qun nm e` `tgoaz`iaùm nm ee`o`. Egs igncaianmtns hn v`ra`iaùm sgm hn 06 ` 0%. Yn hnsirajn ` igmtamu`iaùm e` hntnroam`iaùm hn pegog onha`mtn nspnitrgcgtgontrï` hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai` nm s`mbrn pgr hgs oátghgs4
0. Oátghg hne sgjrn`brnb sgjrn`brnb`hg `hg :. Iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm Nm ne oátghg hne sgjrn`brnb`hg, i`mtah`hns igmgiah`s hne `m`eatg ns sgjrn`brnb`hg ` e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn rn`eazàmhgsn eunbg e` knoùeasas hn e` ounstr`. Yn cgro` eunbg um
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
igopendg ontàeaig p`r` rn`eaz`r nmtgmins um` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn grbàmai` hne oasog y e` pgstnragr onhah` onha`mtn `tgoaz`iaùm nm ee`o`. E` ounstr` hn s`mbrn sn tgo` pgr pumiaùm vnmgs` um` vnz hnsamcnit`h` e` zgm` igm `eigkge, onha`mtn dnramb` hnsi`rt`jen hn peàstaig, prnva`onmtn knp`ramaz`h`. Yn mninsat` hne p`ianmtn um `yumg hn pgr eg onmgs 06 kgr`s. Xghg ne o`tnra`e ` us`r hnjn snr tr`t`hg prnva`onmtn igm àiahg mïtraig 040 hur`mtn :8 kgr`s. Yn nmdu`b` eunbg trns vnins igm `bu` igrranmtn, trns vnins igm `bu` hnstae`h` y trns vnins igm `bu` jahnstae`h` jahnstae`h`..
• Zn`itavgs4 Varrgeahïm hatag i`rj`o`tg hn `ogmag (@VHI) 8%4 Yn pns`m 8 br hn @VHI y sn eenv`m ` 066 oe igm `bu` jahnstae`h` i`eanmtn. Eunbg sn caetr` nm p`pne Rk`to`m Mg8. Xratùm [-066 06%4 Xgo`r 06 oe hn Xratùm [-066 y eenv`r ` 066 oe igm `bu` jahnstae`h` taja`. @VHI :%-Xratùm >%4 Yn onzie`m onzie`m vgeôonmns abu abu`ens `ens hn e`s sgeuiagmns sgeuiagmns `mtnragrns qu qun n hnjnm snr prnp`r`h`s nm ne ogonmtg hn us`r. Ontae asgjutae intgm` (OAJL)4 Vgr eg onmgs :8 kgr`s `mtns, s`tur`r nm `bu` hnstae`h` OAJL, hnd`mhg nm igmt`itg pnro`mnmtn `ojgs eïquahgs. Ygeuiaùm o`hrn hn Vegog4 Yn pns`m 0.>1;> br hn (MG9 ):Vegog p.`. eenv`mhg ` um eatrg igm àiahg mïtraig 0/0666. Yn tnmhrà um` sgeuiaùm hn 0 ob/oe. Ygeuiaùm tnstabg4 0:,> oe hn e` sgeuiaùm o`hrn sn eenv`m ` 066 oe igm àiahg mïtraig 0/0666. Yn tnmhrà um` sgeuiaùm hn 0:> b/oe.(0:> ppo).
• Nquapgs. Nspnitrgcgtgontrg hn `jsgriaùm @tùoai`.
• Vrginhaoanmtg4
0. Igegi`r :,> oe hn s`m s`mbrn brn nmtnr` hn e` oaso` oaso` ounstr` nm i`h` um umg g hn hgs tujgs, prgvastgs hn t`p` y ianrrn nsonrae`hg. :. @ umg hn egs tujgs `brnb`r um` i`mtah`h igmgiah`, pgr ndnopeg 6,0 oe, hn e` sgeuiaùm tnstabg hn Vegog.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
9. V`r`ene`onm V`r`ene`onmtn tn sn prnp`r`m um je` je`mig mig igm :,> oe hn `bu `bu` ` jahnstae`h` y um tujg tnstabg igm :,> oe hn `bu` jahnstae`h` y 6,0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm tnstabg. 8. @ i`h` umg hn egs tujgs qun igmtanmnm s`mbrn sn ens `haiagm`m 0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm @VHI-Xratùm. Yn `bat`m egs tujgs nm Sùrtnx, k`st` knoùeasas igopent`, hur`mtn `prgxao`h`onmtn `prgxao`h`on mtn 0> snbumhgs. >. @ egs tujgs je`mig y tns tnstabg tabg sn ens `brnb` `brnb`rà rà 0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm @ @VHI VHI 8%, puns e` sgeuiaùm @VHI-Xratùm igm ne `bu` cgro` nouesagmns ouy hacïiaens hn snp`r`r. 3. Yn `brnb` eunb eunbg g ` i`h` umg hn egs tuj tujgs gs :,> oe hn OAJL, `bat`mh `bat`mhg g nm Sùrtnx hur`mtn `prgxao`h`onmtn 96 snbumhgs. Yn hnjn vnracai`r qun e` onzie` sn` `hniu`h`. Yn inmtracub`ràm eunbg hur`mtn 06 oamutgs ` 9666 rpo. 2. Cam`eonmtn sn snp`r`ràm e`s c`sns sup supnragrns nragrns hn O OAJL. AJL. E` c`sn grb grbàmai` àmai` hnjn tgo`r um envn igegr `o`raeeg y hn mg snr `sï sn hnjn sgspnik`r um` `bat`iaùm amsucaianmtn y sn rnigoanmh` rnpntar e` gpnr`iaùm. ;. Egs nxtr`itgs hn OAJL sn mn mnjueaz`m jueaz`m nm ne `tgoa `tgoaz`hgr z`hgr hn ee`o` y sn ennm igmtr` OAJL, igmtrge`mhg ne inrg hne `p`r`tg hnspuás hn i`h` onhah`. Nxprnsaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs, p`r` egs sabuanmtns v`egrns4 @js ounstr` ? O @js ounstr` oàs tnstabg tnstabg ? O + X I`mtah`h hn Vegog nm ounstr` ? V I`mtah`h hn Vegog sgjrn`brnb`h` ? V` @jsgrtavah`h ? ` Egmbatuh hn e` r`mur` hne quno`hgr ? j Sgeuonm hn e` ounstr` ? So Sgeuonm `brnb`hg hn e` sgeuiaùm tnstabg ? S t Igminmtr`iaùm hne tnstabg nm ¾b / oe ? It Yn tanmnm e`s rne`iagmns O ? `
.
j So
.
V`
O + X ? `
.
j
.
(V` + V)
So + S t Hnspnd`mhg ne v`egr hn sn eenb` ` um` rne`iaùm, amhnpnmhanmtn hn egs v`egrns hn ` y j, hne sabuanmtn tapg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
O
V`
O + X
V?
.
So + S t - OWWWW So O + X Ouetapeai`mhg Ouetapeai `mhg nstn v`egr pgr ne c`itgr It xS t/So sn gjtnmhrà e` igminmtr`iaùm hn Vegog nm
¾b / oe. j) Oátghg nopen`mhg iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm4 Nstn oátghg ns saoae`r `e `mtnragr igm e`s sabuanmtns oghacai`iagmns4 sn igmstruyn um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm igm sgjrn`brnb`hg hn pegog igminmtr`iaùm igmgiah` ` > tujgs hn ounstr` nmtnr` hn s`mbrn. E` iurv` sn igmstruyn hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 Hn e` sgeuiaùm o`hrn hn Vegog (0666ppo), tgo`r 0:.> oe y eenv`r ` 066 oe igm àiahg mïtraig 0/0666.Hn nst` o`mnr` sn gjtanmn um` sgeuiaùm hn Vegog hn 0:>ppo. Zn`eaz`r um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm igm s`mbrn hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr` Nm > tujgs sn igegi`m :.>oe hn s`mbrn nm i`h` umg y `brnb`r 6, >, 06, 0>, :6 oairgeatrgs hn e` sgeuiaùm hn Vegog hn 0:> ppo. Xujg
Oairgeatrgs hn
pegog
hn Igminmtr`iaùm hn pegog
0
sgeuiaùm 0:> ppo 6
[
:
>
[+:> ¾b/ 066 oe Vegog
9
06
[+>6 ¾b/ 066 oe Vegog
8
0>
[+2> ¾b/ 066 oe Vegog
>
:6
[+066 ¾b/ 066 oe Vegog
0. @brnb`r : oe hn @VHI y tratù tratùm m y eunbg `ba `bat`r t`r nm vùrtnx hur` hur`mtn mtn 36 snbum snbumhgs. hgs. Eunbg
`brnb`r : oe hn OAJL hur`mtn 96 snbumhgs. :. Xghgs egs hnoà hnoàss p`sgs sn igmsnrv` igmsnrv`m m t`e iu`e, amieuah amieuahg g ne tr`t`oanmtg hn e` ounstr` prgjeno` (i`mtah`hns, igminmtr`iagmns, nti.) 9. E` s`mbrn nopen`h` p`r` rn`eaz`r e` iurv` hnjn snr hn j`mig `snbur`mhg qun mg igmtanmn pegog o`s `eeà hn egs v`egrns mgro`ens. Ns igmvnmanmtn sanoprn igmt`r igm
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
um va`e igm s`mbrn y i`mtah`h igmgiah` hn pegog sgjrn`brnb`h` (st`mh`rh amtnrmg) ` oghg hn vnracai`r egs rnsuet`hgs gjtnmahgs. 8. Hnjn rnigrh`rsn qun ne o`tnra`e hn vahrag hnjn nst`r nsirupuegs`onmtn o`mtnmaámhgeg nm àiahg mïtraig 040 hur`mtn :8 ks p`r` eunbg e`v`reg igm `bu` jahnstae`h`. S`egrns hn rncnrnmia` p`r` e` pgje`iaùm hn I`pat`e Cnhnr`e y `ernhnhgrns Maðgs mg nxpunstgs4
02 ° ; ¾b %
@huetgs mg nxpunstgs4 nxpunstgs4 01 ° 2 ¾b % @huetgs nxpunstgs4 nxpunstgs4
>2 ° :0 ¾b %
S`egr eïoatn p`r` ne sudntg nxpunstg4 26 ¾b % (snbôm Rgrlamb Igmcnrnmin, @ostnrh`o 013;). 013;). Hntnroam`iaùm hn Vgrcgjaramgbnmg (VJB) gram`. Nms`yg ràpahg. 0. Yn utaeaz` igog ou ounstr` nstr` e` gram` rnigenit`h` nm e`s igmhaiagmn igmhaiagmnss igrrnspgm igrrnspgmhanmtns hanmtns ` e` hntnroam`iaùm hntnroam`iaùm hn igprgpgrcaram igprgpgrcaram`s `s tgt`ens (pK ? 2.;) vnr atno >.9.:.8. y` qun ne pegog sn pgeaonraz` nm onhag àiahg h`mhg urgpgrcaram`. :. Nm um tujg pnqunðg ` : oe hne rn`itavg hn Nreaik (: b hn p-haontae `oamgjnmz`ehnkïhg nm >6 oe hn KIe y >6 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`) sn `brnb`m 0 - : bgt`s hn gram`. @e i`jg hn : snbumhgs um hns`rrgeeg hn igegr rgs`hg ` rgdg `e tgpn hn e` sgeuiaùm amhai` um tnst pgsatavg p`r` VJB. 9. Ne igegr `o`rae `o`raeeg eg qun sn gj gjsnrv` snrv` ` vnins, sn h hnjn njn ` igopunstgs igopunstgs t`ens igog u urn` rn` y urgjaeamùbnmg qun mg hns`rrgee`m igegr nm ns`s igmhaiagmns k`st` um` igminmtr`iaùm hn :66 ob/b. 8. Nm um` amtgxai` amtgxai`iaùm iaùm igm Vegog sn nmigmtr`ràm v`egrns v`egrns hn VJB nm gr gram` am` mgro`ens g hasoamuahgs. Ya sn k`ee`r`m v`egrns `uonmt`hgs, snrï` amhaiag qun e` pgrcara` o`macnst`h` ns hn gtr` m`tur`enz`, pgr ndnopeg hn tapg igmbámatg.
Hntnroam`iaùm hn @iahg Hnet` @oamgenvueïmaig (hnet` @E@) nm gram`. Oátghg hn JnrlùHurlù oghacai`hg, Ieamai`e Ikno. E`j., 0129.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` rn`iiaùm sn cumh`onmt` nm e` rn`iiaùm hne hnet` @E@ igm `intae`intgm` h`mhg um igopunstg parrgeaig (: ontae, 9 `intae 8 ’ (9 prgpagm) parrge) qun igmhnms` eunbg igm ne rn`itavg hn Nrkeaik grabam`hg um igopunstg rgdg qun sn hntnroam` pgr nspnitrgcgtgontrï` ` >>9 mo.
• Ounstr`4 Gram` igrrnspgmhanmtn ` :8 kgr`s rnigenit`h` nm cr`sig gsiurg igmtnmanmhg sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn àiahg àiahg t`rtàraig `prg `prgx. x. 0 oe/ 066 oe hn gra gram`. m`.
• Zn`itavgs. 0. Zn`itavg hn Nreaik oghacai`hg ? 0 br hn p-haontae`oamgjnmz`ehnk p-haontae`oamgjnmz`ehnkïhg ïhg sn hasunevn nm 9> oe hn àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e, sn `brnb`m ; oe hn àiahg pnrieùraig 26% y sn eenv` ` >6 oe igm àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e. :. Ygeuiaùm ` `int`tg int`tg hn sghag 6 6.> .> O4 80 br h hn n @iM` sn hasun hasunevnm evnm nm 0 eatrg hn `bu `bu` ` hnstae`h`. 9. Ygeuiaùm @iK 6.> O4 :;.2 oe @iK be`ia be`ia`e `e sn eenv`m ` 0666 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h`. 8. Juccnr `int`tg4 19.: oe @iK 6.> O oàs 3.; oe @iM` 6.> O (pK?9 (pK?9.>). .>). >. Ygeuiaùm haeuynmtn haeuynmtn44 6.:> br hn i`rjùm onhaiam`e sn `brnb`m ` 066 oe hn sgeuiaùm juccnr `int`tg 6.> O. 3. Nstàmh`r hn hnet`-@E@ 866 ¾b/oe4 sn hasgevnràm hasgevnràm 8 ob hn h hnet`-@E@ net`-@E@ p.`. nm juccnr `int`tg, eenv`mhg ` 06 oe tgt`ens.
•
Nquapgs.
Nspnitrgcgtùontrg ^S-vasajen J`ðg tnrogstàtaig Inmtrïcub` k`st` >66 rpo
• Vrginhaoanmtg4
0. Xr`mscnr Xr`mscnrarar 0 oe hn gram` (pK 3 ’ 3.>) ` um tujg hn inmtrïc inmtrïcub` ub` y `brnb`r 1 oe hn sgeuiaùm haeuynmtn. haeuynmtn. Onzie`r hur`mtn um umgs gs oamutgs y inmtracub`r.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
:. Caetr`r pgr p`pne hn cacaetrg etrg y tr`mscnrar : `eïiugt`s `eïiugt`s hn : oe i/u hne caetr`hg ` snmhgs tujgs hn nms`yg nms`yg J y H (Je`mig y Hnsigmgia Hnsigmgiahg, hg, rnspnitav`onm rnspnitav`onmtn). tn). @e tujg H sn en `brnb` 6.0 oe hn `intae`intgm` y `ojgs tujgs sn eenv`m ` j`ðg O`rï` (JO) karvanmtn hur`mtn :6 oamutgs. 9. Yn nmcrï`m nmtgmins egs tuj tujgs gs nm j`ðg hn `bu` y sn en `brnb` `brnb` : oe hn Zn`itavg hn Nreaik ` i`h` um`. Eunbg hn 0> oamutgs sn enn e` `jsgrj`mia` hne tujg H ` >>9 mo igmtr` ne tujg je`mig. 8. E` i`mtah`h hn hn hnet` et` @E@ sn gjtanmn ` p`rtar p`rtar hn um` iurv` hn i`eaj i`eajr`iaùm r`iaùm nxprns`h` nm ¾b/oe. Yn tgo`ràm sgeuiagmns hn >6, 96, 06, > y 0 ¾b/oe, haeuynmhg e` sgeuiaùm st`mh`rh grabam`e hn 866 ¾b/oe. sgjrn nee`s sn rn`eaz` e` rn`iiaùm hn Nreaik nm cgro` `màegb` ` e` rn`eaz`h` sgjrn e`s ounstr`s.
Gjsnrv`iaùm4 E` rn`iiaùm hne hnet` @E@ igm ne rn`itavg hn Nreaik ns ouy snmsajen `umqun mg nspniïcai` puns t`ojaám e` h`m e`s `oamgintgm`s y e`s beuigs`oam`s. Hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` hn e` hntnroam`iaùm hne pnrcae peôojaig, nst`s amtnrcnrnmia`s mg tanmnm rnenv`mia` nm egs r`mbgs hn igminmtr`iaùm hn θ-@E@ k`ee`h`s nm ne s`turmasog. S`egrns mgro`ens
6.0 ` 6.> ob% p`r` onmgrns hn 0> `ðgs 6.0 ` 6.3 ob% p`r` `huetgs nxirniaùm uram`ra` 0.9 ` 2 ob/:8 ks.
Nms`yg p`r` pgrcaram`s nm gram`. Yn tr`t` hn um tnst ràpahg iuyg rnsuet`hg ns pgsatavg hnshn v`egrns hn igminmtr`iaùm hn 26 ¾b% (0 ¾oge/E). Zn`itavgs @iahg `iátaig
@eigkge `oïeaig Ntnr ntïeaig Vrginhaoanmtg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nm um tujg hn nms`yg sn igegi`m : oe hn um` onzie` hn abu`e vgeuonm (04040) hn àiahg `iátaig, `eigkge `oïeaig y átnr hnd`mhg i`nr sgjrn nee` 0> oe hn gram`. Eunbg hn : oamutgs ne rn`itavg k`jrà nxtr`ïhg e` o`ygr p`rtn hn e`s pgrcaram`s prnsnmtns pgr eg qun sn snp`r`r` um` i`p` supnragr nm ne tujg. Ya nst` i`p` supnragr ounstr` ceugrnsinmia` rgd`, ne tnst ns pgsatavg. Ne nms`yg sn punhn k`inr oàs snmsajen tr`mscaranmhg e` c`sn grbàmai` supnragr igm um` papnt` V`stnur V`stnur ` gtrg ttujg ujg igmtnma igmtnmanmhg nmhg 0 - : b bgt`s gt`s hn K KIe. Ie. Yn `ba `bat` t` cunrtnonmtn (06 - :6 snb) y sn gjsnrv` e` i`p` iegrkïhrai` amcnragr ` e` euz ^S. X`ojaám punhn k`inrsn um` prunj` onha`mtn 06 oe hn gram`, 6.> oe hn @iK be`ia`e y t`eig, `bat`mhg vabgrgs`onmtn, p`r` gjsnrv`r e` ceugrnsinmia` nm ne tujg.
Hntnroam`iaùm hn igprgpgrcaram`s tgt`ens nm gram`. @
[email protected]àmhnz< Z.D. Knmry, K.Bgehnmjnrb Ieam. Ikno. 0:, 839 - 828, (0133).
Ne oátghg sn cumh`onmt` nm e` nxtr`iiaùm hn igprgpgrcaram`s ` pK `hniu`hg igm `int`tg hn ntaeg p`r` e` pgstnragr gxah`iaùm hne igprgpgrcaramùbnmg rno`mnmtn ` igprgpgrcam`s qun eunbg sn nxtr`nm igm àiahg iegrkïhraig y pgstnragr enitur` nm nspnitrgcgtùontrg ` trns egmbatuhns hn gmh` ` ncnitgs hn igrrnbar e`s amtnrcnrnmia`s
Ounstr`4 Gram` igrrnspgmhanmtn igrrnspgmhanmtn ` :8 kgr` kgr`ss rnigenit`h rnigenit`h` ` nm um cr`sig gsiurg igm igmtnmanmhg tnmanmhg IG9M`: igog igmsnrv`hgr nm i`mtah`h sucaianmtn p`r` um` igminmtr`iaùm cam`e hn 6.0 6.>%. Ne IG9M`: tanmn igog cam`eah`h hn nvat`r e`s párhah`s hn igprgpgrcaram`s cumh`onmt`eonmtn, igmsnrv`mhg ` pK > - 1.>. Nm nst`s igmhaiagmns, e` o`ygr p`rtn hn egs igprgpgrcaramùbnmgs igprgpgrcaramù bnmgs p`s`ràm ` igprgpgrcaram`s. igprgpgrcaram`s. Zn`itavgs
0.
@int`tg hn sghag 0%4 06 b hn s`e `mkahr` g 03,3 b hn `int`tg hn sghag trakahr`t`hg
sn hasunevnm nm `bu` y sn eenv`m ` 0666 oe. E` sgeuiaùm ns nst`jen v`ra`s sno`m`s ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
:.
Juccnr `int`tg hn sghag (pK ? 8,;)4 sn onzie`m 0 vge. hn `iátaig be`ia`e igm 8 vge. hn
sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` s`tur`h` hn `int`tg h hn n sghag y 9 vge. hn `bu`. 9.
Ygeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn `int`tg hn sghag4 e` s`tur`iaùm sn c`iaeat` ouikg hasgevanmhg ne
`int`tg hn sghag ` 26 - ;6 g I. Ya ne `int`tg hn sghag mg irast`eaz` `e nmcra`rsn ne `bu`, sn i`eanmt` hn munvg e` sgeuiaùm y sn `ð`hn oàs s`e. Yn punhn us`r s`e `mkahr` g trakahr`t trakahr`t`h`. `h`. 8.
Ygeuiaùm `eigkùeai` hn aghg `e 0% (hn rnsnrv`)4 Yn hasunevn 0 b hn aghg nm `eigkge y
sn haeuyn k`st` 066 oe. Igmsnrv`r nm kne`hnr` nm cr`sig gsiurg igm t`pùm hn vahrag. >.
Ygeuiaùm hn aghg `e 6,66>%4 sn haeuynm 6,0 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm hn rnsnrv` nm `bu`
hnstae`h` k`st` :6 oe. Yn hnjn prnp`r`r nm ne ogonmtg hn us`r. 3.
@iahg iegrkïhra iegrkïhraig ig 0,>M sn `ð`hnm 0:,> oe hn KIe ` >6 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`
`prgxao`h`onmtn `prgxao`h`on mtn y sn haeuyn k`st` 066 oe.
• Nquapgs4 Nspnitrgcgtùontrg ^S vasajen.
• Vrginhaoanmtg 4 0. Yn hnjn igmtrge`r ne p pK K hn e` gram` igm p`pn p`pnee amhai`hgr hn o` o`mnr` mnr` qun sn nmiunmtrn nm ne r`mbg hn > ` 1.>< mg sn hnjn tr`j`d`r igm ounstr`s iuyg pK sn` amcnragr ` >. :. Vgstnragronmtn Vgstnragronmtn,, sn hnjn n nx`oam`r x`oam`r e` ou ounstr` nstr` hn gram gram` ` ` e` euz ^S y sa tuvanr` ceugrnsinmia` rgd` sn hnjn haeuar e` oaso` igm `bu` nm um` rne`iaùm 0406. 9. @ :6 oe hn gram` sn en `brnb`m 06 oe hn juccnr `int`tg (pK ? 8.;) y sn tr`mscanrn ` um` `opgee` hn hni`mt`iaùm. Yn en `brnb`m 96 oe hn `int`tg hn ntaeg y sn `bat` su`vnonmtn hur`mtn 9 ` > oamutgs. Yn hnd` rnpgs`r y sn hnsi`rt` e` c`sn `iugs`. 8. E` c`sn grbàmai` sn e`v` 9 vnins igm > oe hn `int`tg hn sghag 0% i`h` vnz. Yn igenit`m egs nxtr`itgs grbàmaigs, hnsi`rtàmhgsn e` c`sn `iugs` y sn `brnb`m : oe hn sgeuiaùm hn aghg `e 6.66>% prnp`r`h` nm ne ogonmtg, mg
hnd`mhg oàs hn > oamutgs nm igmt`itg y` qun ne tanopg ns irïtaig. Yn hnsnik` e` sgeuiaùm hn aghg y cam`eonmtn sn ncnitô`m trns nxtr`iiagmns g k`st` qun e` i`p` grbàmai` mg prnsnmtn ceugrnsinmia`, igm :.> oe hn KIe 0.> M i`h` vnz. Yn rnigbn ne nxtr`itg iegrkïhraig nm um tujg br`hu`hg oahanmhg nstn vgeuonm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
>. Nm cgro` `etnrm`t `etnrm`tav` av` punhn rn`eaz`rsn um` snp`r`iaùm onha`mtn ne snojr`hg hn 0 oe hn gram` nm um` igeuom` hn amtnri`ojag `maùmaig Hgwnx 0[;, hnd`mhg neuar igm 9 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`. Yn neuynm eunbg e`s pgrcaram`s igm KIe 9 M k`st` ceugrnsinmia` mnb`tav` mnb`tav`.. 3. @ igmtamu`i igmtamu`iaùm, aùm, sn en enn n e` `j `jsgrj`mia` sgrj`mia` hne nxtr`itg iegrkïhraig ` trns hacnrnmtns4 hacnrnmtns4 9;6, oàxaog nmtrn 866 y 806 (bnmnr`eonmtn 86:) y 896 mo. Nxprnsaùm hn rnsuet`hgs4 @ igrrnbah` ? : @
o`x
- (@
9;6
+@
896 )
0.;9>
Igprgpgrcaram`s (¾b/:8 ks) ? @ igrrnbah` . S i .S t . H
ξ . S
`eïiugt` gram`
hgmhn4 @ 9;6 y @ 896 4 amhai`m `jsgrj`mia` ` 9;6 y 8:6 mo, rnspnitav`onmtn @ o`x 4 amhai` e` `jsgrj`mia` oàxao` nm ne r`mbg 866 - 806 mo Si4 vgeuonm tgt`e hn egs nxtr`itgs iegrkïhraigs St4 vgeuonm tgt`e hn gram` rnigenit`h` nm :8 ks. H4 c`itgr hn haeuiaùm, sa sn haeuyù e` gram` igprgpgrcaram`s rcaram`s nm KIe 0.> M ? 6.329 ξ4 igncaianmtn hn nxtamiaùm (oe/¾b) hn igprgpg S`egrns mgro`ens ? 6 - 036 ¾b / :8 ks.
Hntnroam`iaùm hn e` `itavah`h hn e` nmzao` Hnet` Hnet`-- `oamgenvueamaig hnkahr`t`s`. Jnream, @< Yik`eenr, K.O.. Leao. Ikao. Ika o. Leao. Jagikno., 0:, 9;1-916 9; 1-916 (0128).
• Ounstr`4
Yn utaeaz` s`mbrn nmtnr` qun hnjn snr rnigbah` igm dnramb` hnsi`rt`jen hn peàstaig us`mhg knp`ram` igog `mtaig`bue`mtn, `mtaig`bue`mtn, nm um vgeuonm oïmaog hn 0 oe. Mg hnjnm nopen`rsn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
M`C ma NHX@ hnjahg ` qun amkajnm e` `itavah`h nmzaoàtai`. E` oaso` ounstr` punhn us`rsn p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hne kno`tgiratg y Vegog. E` ounstr` sn o`mtnmhrà nm kne`hnr` ` 8 gI k`st` su prgins`oan prgins`oanmtg. mtg. Yn rnigoanmh` ncnitu`r e` hntnroam`iaùm nm ne hï` hn rnigeniiaùm, puns e` `itavah`h nmzaoàtai` hnsianmhn nm um 0:% ` 0>% eunbg hn :8 kgr`s. Ne o`tnra`e hn vahrag hnjnrà snr prncnrnmtnonmtn hn jgrgsaeai`tg. jgrgsaeai`tg. V`r` snr utaeaz`hg ns mnins`rag tr`t`reg prnva`onmtn igm KMG9 040 hur`mtn :8 kgr`s. Vgstnragronmtn nmdu`b`reg trns vnins igm `bu` igrranmtn, trns vnins igm `bu` hnstae`h` y trns vnins igm `bu` jahnstae`h`, p`r` nvat`r iu`equanr igmt`oam`iaùm. Ne o`tnra`e hn peàstaig snrà prncnrnmtnonmtn hn pgeaprgpaen pgeaprgpaenmg. mg.
• Zn`itavgs4 0. Juccnr cgsc`tg4 :1 oe hn cgsc`tg hasùhaig hasùhaig 6.0 O igm 20 oe hn cgsc` cgsc`tg tg ogmgsùhaig 6.0 O. @dust`r ne pK ` 3.8 igm e` sgeuiaùm igrrnspgmhanmtn. O`mtnmnr nm kne`hnr` ` 8 gI. :. Juccnr sustr`tg4 hasgevnr 6.60323 br h hn n ¾-@E@ p.`. nm > oe hn cgsc`tg ogmgsùhaig 6.0 O, eenv`r ` pK 3.8 igm cgsc`tg hasùhaig 6.0 O. Igopent`r ` 06 oe igm juccnr cgsc`tg hn pK 3.8. Yn igmsnrv`rà nm crnnznr ` -0;gI. 9. Zn`itavg hn Nreaik4 Has Hasgevnr gevnr 6.:8 br hn p p-HO@J -HO@J nm 2.: oe h hn n àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e, pgstnragronmtn `brnb`r 0.1: oe hn àiahg pnrieùraig, igopent`mhg ` um vgeuonm hn 0: oe igm àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e. Yn prnp`r` nm ne ogonmtg hn us`r g sn o`mtanmn nm kne`hnr` ` 8gI. 8. Àiahg traiegrg `iátaig (XI@) 06%4 Vns`r 06 br hn XI@ y hasgevnr nm 066 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`.
•
Nquapgs.
Nspnitrgcgtùontrg ^S-vasajen
J`ðg tnrogst`tatg Inmtrïcub`
• Vrginhaoanmtg 4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
0. @ um vgeuonm hn 6,: oe hn s`mbrn `brnb`r 0,9 oe hn `bu` jahnstae`h` y 0,6 oe hn juccnr sustr`tg. Yn prghuin e` knoùeasas tgt`e hn e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn. :. V`r`ene`onm V`r`ene`onmtn tn sn prgins` um je`mi je`mig g igm 6.: oe hn s`mbrn ` e` qun qun sn en `brnb` 0,9 oe hn `bu` jahnstae`h` jahnstae`h`,, 0 oe h hn n XI@ 06% y 0 oe h hn n juccnr sustr`tg. Amiuj`r egs tujgs hn je`mig y ounstr` hur`mtn 36 oamutgs ` 9; gI< ne tanopg hn amiuj`iaùm sn nopanz` ` igmt`r hnshn ne `brnb`hg hn juccnr sustr`tg ` e`s ounstr`s. 9. Iuopeahg ne tanopg hn amiu amiuj`iaùm, j`iaùm, sn en `brnb` `e tuj tujg g hn ounstr` 0 oe XI@ 06%. Yn inmtracub`m eunbg tghgs egs tujgs hur`mtn 06 oamutgs ` :666 ZVO. 8. Zn`iiaùm hn igegr4 @ um vge vgeuonm uonm hn 0.> oe hne inmtracub`h inmtracub`hg g `brnb`r 0 0.> .> oe hn rn`itavg hn Nrkeaik. Onzie`r nm Sùrtnx y ennr eunbg hn 06 oamutgs e`s `jsgrj`mia`s rnspnitav`s igmtr` rn`itavg hn Nrkeaik ` >>> mo.
Nxprnsaùm hn rnsuet`hgs4 @it hnet` hnet` @E@ HNKAHZ@X@Y@ ? @js x 066 x c x H Ktg x t x ξo hgmhn4 @js. Ns e` `jsgrj`mia` `jsgrj`mia` hn e` oun ounstr` str` onmgs e` @jsg @jsgrj`mia` rj`mia` hne j je`mig e`mig
ξo4 igncaianmtn hn nxtamiaùm oge`r nm e / ¾oge. io ? 6.63: @it @E@ HNKAHZ@X@Y@4 nm ^/ E hn kno`tïns c4 c`itgr hn igmvnrsaùm hn hnet`@E@ ` Vegog ? : H4 c`itgr hn haeuiaùm ? 9> t4 tanopg hn amiuj`iaùm. S`egr hn rncnrnmia` p`r` e` `itavah`h n nmzaoàtai` mzaoàtai` nm sudntgs s`mgs mg nxpuns nxpunstgs tgs `e p pegog4 egog4 o`ygr ` :6 ^ / E kno`tïns
Hntnroam`iaùm hn Vegog nm um` ounstr` hn `eaonmtgs hn grabnm vnbnt`e pgr ne
oátghg hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai`. E` hntnroam`iaùm hn e` igminmtr`iaùm hn Vegog sn punhn rn`eaz`r sgjrn iu`equanr tapg hn um` ounstr` hn `eaonmtgs, nm nstn i`sg sn prnsnmt` ne prgtgigeg y` punstg ` pumtg p`r` ne i`sg hn ounstr`s hn prghuitg vnbnt`ens y nm p`rtaiue`r tgo`tn nme`t`hg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ne praonr p`sg hne `màeasas, igmsastn nm um` habnstaùm hn e` o`tnra` grbàmai` (HOG) p`r` vgevnr oàs snmiaee` e` o`traz qun igmtanmn ne `m`eatg, `sï igog gjtnmnr um` sgeuiaùm eïopah` y oàs ceuah` qun e` ounstr` grabam`e, knikg qun c`iaeat` ne prginsg hn amyniiaùm hn e` ounstr`.
• Zn`itavgs. Àiahg mïtraig igminmtr`hg igminmtr`hg eajrn h hn n pegog.
• Nquapgs. Nm nstn i`sg sn hnsirajn ne prginhaoanmtg p`r` um nquapg Ykao`hzu @@-3260C prgvastg hn um quno`hgr igm iào`r` hn prnonzie`hg y kgrmg hn br`catg. Habnstgr hn oairggmh`s ―INO oghneg OHY :066‟.
• Vrginhaoanmtg. E` HOG sn rn`eaz` nm um habnstgr hn oairggmh`s nspnia`eonmtn hasnð`hg. Yn pns`m 6,> br. hn e` ounstr` ` habnrar, y sn igegi`m hnmtrg hn um v`sg nspnia`e, dumtg igm > oe hn àiahg mïtraig igminmtr`hg hn i`eah`h prg-`màeasas, o`s 0 oe hn `bu` hnsagmaz`h`. Egs tujgs hn habnstaùm y e` t`p` hn neegs sgm hn tnceùm. Nm e` t`p` sn hastambun um` vàevue` hn snburah`h, ` e` iu`e hnjn `igpe`rsn um tujg qun igmnit` ne v`sg igm um rniapanmtn satu`hg nm ne inmtrg hne `p`r`tg, nstn rniapanmtn sarvn igog tr`op` p`r` egs v`pgrns matrgsgs qun s`enm hne v`sg, y/g p`r` rniajar iu`equanr sust`mia` qun s`eb` hne v`sg. E` vàevue` hn snburah`h hnjn rnvas`rsn nm i`h` utaeaz`iaùm hne `p`r`tg, nst` igmsastn nm um` onojr`m`, snoapnron`jen, qun pnroatn e` s`eah` hne v`pgr igmtnmahg nm ne v`sg sa e` prnsaùm hns`rrgee`h` hns`rrgee`h` hnmtrg hn nstn rnsuet` nxinsav`. E` t`p` sn `dust` `e v`sg, pgr onhag hn um ianrrn ` rgsi` knikg hn lnje`r. ^m` vnz inrr`hg ne v`sg, sn nmi`oas` igm um tuvg knikg hne oasog o`tnra`e qun ne ianrrn.
Eunbg hn `ro`r `ro`r egs v`sgs igm e`s ounstr`s ` habnrar, sn haspgmnm nm um i`rrusne satu`hg hnmtrg hne kgrmg, y sn igmnit` ne tujg hn snburah`h qun igrrnspgmhn ` i`h` umg. ^mg hn egs v`sgs qun sn utaeaz` tanmn um` t`p` hacnrnmtn ` e`s gtr`s. Nst` nst`rà prgvast` hn trns s`eah`s, um` sn us` p`r` amtrghuiar um` cajr` ùptai` qun k`in e`s vnins hn snmsgr hn
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
tnopnr`tur`, ` gtr` hn e`s s`eah`s sn igmnit` ne snmsgr hn prnsaùm, y e` ôetao` sn utaeaz` p`r` `igpe`r ne tujg hn snburah`h. ^m` vnz qun sn amtrghudnrgm tghgs egs v`sgs ` utaeaz`r, sn prginhn ` e` prgbr`o`iaùm hne nsquno` hn i`enmt`oanmtg. Yn neabn ns e` prnsaùm y tnopnr`tur` us`h` hur`mtn nsn prginsg. @mtns hn igonmz`r e` habnstaùm, eaopa`r nsirupuegs`onm nsirupuegs`onmtn tn egs v`sgs, e`s t`p`s, egs ianrrns, y e`s i`oas`s hn egs v`sgs, igm um p`ðg eaopag y snig. @e tnroam`r ne prginsg, sn hnjn nspnr`r ` qun sn nmcrïnm egs v`sgs p`r` qun hasoamuy` e` prnsaùm nm neegs, eunbg, sn rntar`m egs v`sgs, sn tr`sv`s` su igmtnmahg ` um o`tr`z hn 06 oe y sn eenv` ` vgeuonm igm àiahg mïtraig 0>%. E` habnstaùm hnjn snr nv`eu`h` pgr ne gpnr`hgr, igmsahnràmhgsn tnroam`hg ne prginsg, iu`mhg ne prghuitg sn` um` sgeuiaùm eïopah`, sam rnsahugs sùeahgs. Ya nstg mg suinhn, sn hnjn sgontnr e` ounstr` ` um munvg iaieg hn habnstaùm.
Iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm4 E` hntnroam`iaùm hn e` i`mtah`h hn Vegog nm e` ounstr` sn rn`eaz`r` nm j`sn ` um` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm qun sn igmcniiagm` igm um` snran hn sgeuiagmns nstàmh`r. Nst`s sgeuiagmns sgm prnp`r`h`s ` su vnz, ` p`rtar hn um` sgeuiaùm o`hrn igonria`e prg-`m`easas iuy` igminmtr`iaùm ns 0666 ob/E, g 0666 ppo. Ne ont`e sn nmiunmtr` pgr eg bnmnr`e nm cgro` hn matr`tgs g suec`tgs sgeujens, nst` sgeuiaùm nst` i`sa eajrn hn e` prnsnmia` hn gtrgs ont`ens. E`s sgeuiagmns sgeuiagmns qun sn rnigoanmh`m rnigoanmh`m nm bnmnr bnmnr`e `e sgm4 > ppo, 06 ppo, 0> ppo, 96 ppo, >6 ppo. Nst`s sgeuiagmns sn prnp`r` tgo`mhg >6 oe hn e` sgeuiaùm o`hrn, qun sn eenv`m ` >66 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h` hnsagmaz`h`. Igm nsg sn tanmn um` sgeuiaùm hn igminmtr`iaùm abu`e ` 066 ppo hn pegog. Hn nst` sn prnp`r`m e`s sgeuiagmns nstàmh`r, tgo`mhg tgo`m hg 6.> oe, 0 oe, 0.> oe, 9 oe, > oe, p`r` eunbg eenv`r ` um vgeuonm cam`e hn 066oe igm àiahg mïtraig 0>%.
@hnoàs sn us`r` um` snxt` sgeuiaùm p`trùm p`r` hncamar ne 6 hn igminmtr`iaù igminmtr`iaùm, m, nstn mg ns o`s qun um` sgeuiaùm hn àiahg mïtraig 0>%.
Iàeiuegs4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` igminmtr`iaùm nm e` ounstr` sn hntnroam` onha`mtn e` sabuanmtn nxprnsaùm4 ppo ? \ ppj.enah` _ * 6.6:
;.>.8 Amtgxai`iaùm pgr Irgog. Bnmnr`eah`hns hn e` amtgxai`iaùm. Ne irgog ns um aopgrt`mtn ont`e (y geabgnenonmtg) hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` hn e` kabanmn amhustra`e y `ojanmt`e, sa janm `e snr ouikg oàs arrat`mtn qun tùxaig ns nxinpiagm`e qun prghuzi` iu`hrgs ieïmaigs sastáoaigs br`vns. Ne usg pramiap`e sgm e`s `en`iagmns cárrai`s (mairgog, irgone, `inrgs `e irgog), snbuah`s hn e`s mg cárrai`s (stneat` \Ir,Ig,Rge). Nm e`s táimai`s hn irgo`hg sn utaeaz` nm br`mhns i`mtah`hns, igog prgtniiaùm igmtr` e` igrrgsaùm, sanmhg quazà ást` e` i`us` oàs crniunmtn hn p`tgegbï` br`vn nm ne àojatg giup`iagm`e. E`s s`ens hn Ir(AAA) sgm utaeaz`h`s nm táimai`s hn iurtahg hn iunrg. Vgr ôetaog, egs inonmtgs, prgins`hgrns cgtgbràcaigs, tamtns y `ebum`s pamtur`s, ogrhanmtns tnxtaens, eatgbr`cï`, nsigra`s hn `etgs kgrmgs y cumhaiaùm y ont`eurba` hne Ob, hnsnikgs hn amhustra`s hn irgo`hg, sgm pgtnmia`ens cunmtns hn nxpgsaiaùm ` igopunstgs irùoaigs. Xgxaiah`h y o`macnst`iagmns ieïmai`s. E` `iiaùm cumh`onmt`e hn e`s s`ens irùoai`s ns su i`ràitnr arrat`mtn. Ne ncnitg ns amtnmsg p`r` e`s s`ens hn Ir(SA), qun sgm gxah`mtns pgtnmtns, y pgig o`macanstg nm e`s hn Ir(AAA). Egs `magmns `iugsgs hne irgog sgm cunrtns `igopend`mtns, sgjrn tghg egs hn Ir(SA). Vgr neeg, mg sùeg su `iiaùm gxah`mtn ns ogtavg hn arrat`iaùm n amieusg quno`hur` hn tndahgs,
samg qun e` `igopend`iaùm, c`vgrnin e` prghuiiaùm hn `huitgs igm prgtnïm`s, qun punhnm `itu`r igog `mtïbnmgs snmsajaeaz`mtns, y hnsnmi`hnm`r um` rnspunst` `eárbai` hn amtnmsah`h v`ra`jen. @umqun ne Ir(SA) `jsgrjahg, tanmn tnmhnmia` ` cgro`r igopunstgs hn Ir(AAA) onmgs tùxaigs nm ne amtnragr hn e` iáeue`, sa e` hgsas `jsgrjah` ns o`sav`, e`s s`ens hn irgog bnmnr`m ensagmns rnm`ens y, nm onmgr br`hg, knpàtai`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` nxpgsaiaùm ` pgevgs hn Ir(SA) (`peai`iagmns ont`eôrbai`s, tr`j`d`hgrns hne inonmtg) g `nrgsgens (táimai`s hn irgo`hg) i`us`m arrat`iaùm egi`e. E` ensaùm i`r`itnrïstai` ns e` hnro`tatas quïoai` arrat`tav`, hn tapg niino`tgsg, qun `p`rnin nm e`s zgm`s nxpunst`s, igog hnhgs hn e` o`mg, jgrhn hn `pgyg hne bu`mtn, nti. Haik`s ensagmns tanmnm um` j`sn quïoai` arrat`tav` igmst`mtn, igm um c`itgr hn snmsajaeaz`iaùm v`ra`jen. Ya e` igminmtr`iaùm hn s`ens hn irgog ns pnqunð`, e` hnro`tatas sn o`macanst` igog um niino` `eárbaig v`ra`jen, Vgr ne igmtr`rag, sa e` igminmtr`iaùm hn s`ens hn irgog ns sucaianmtn, nvgeuiagm`m ` ôeinr`s hn jgrhns pgig hncamahgs, iursg tùrpahg n amhgegrg. E` amk`e`iaùm hn pgevgs g `nrgsgens gi`sagm` ensagmns nm vï`s rnspar`tgra`s supnragrns, iuy` egi`eaz`iaùm hnpnmhn hne t`o`ðg hn egs bràmuegs hn pgevg, pnrg qun, nm bnmnr`e, sn egi`eaz`m nm e` ouigs` m`s`e. Yn gjsnrv` ramatas, igm npast`xas y snms`iaùm hn snqunh`h. Nm e`s e`s c`sns sabuan sabuanmtns mtns `p`rninm ô ôeinr`s einr`s qun nm ee`s `s ápgi`s tnopr`m`s hn e` onhaiam` hne tr`j`dg eenb`j`m ` snr pnrcgr`mtns. Egs mavnens mgro`ens hn Irgog nm sunrg sgm 0,>; + 6,6; ¾b/E. E` ncai`ia` hn egs igmtrgens jageùbaigs ns nsi`s`, puns egs mavnens hn irgog sgm prùxaogs ` egs eïoatns hn hntniiaùm y sn sunen rniurrar ` táimai`s hn igminmtr`iaùm hn ounstr`s p`r` ne `màeasas, igm eg iu`e e` prgj`jaeah`h hn nrrgr pgr igmt`oam`iaùm g hncnitg amstruonmt`e ns `etg.
Amvnstab`iaùm hn irgog nm ounstr`s hn `bu`s pgr ne Oátghg igegraoátraig.
Nstn prginhaoanmtg oahn ômai`onmtn ne irgog knx`v`enmtn, pgr t`mtg, p`r` hntnroam`r ne irgog tgt`e k`y qun igmvnrtar tghg ne irgog cgro` knx`v`enmtn gxah`mhg igm pnro`mb`m`tg pgtàsaig. Ne irgog knx`v`enmtn sn hntnroam` igegraoátrai`onmtn pgr um` rn`iiaùm igm hacnmaei`rj`zah` sgeuiaùm àiah`. Yn prghuin um igegr vagent` hn igopgsaiaùm hnsigmgiah`. E` rn`iiaùm ns ouy snmsajen, sanmhg e` i`p`iah`h hn `jsgriaùm oge`r, j`s`h` nm ne irgog, hn `prgxao`h`onmtn 86.666 E.b-0 ` >86 mo. V`r` hntnroam`r ne irgog tgt`e, sn
habanrn e` ounstr` igm onzie` àiah` suecôraig-mïtraig y eunbg sn gxah` igm pnro`mb`m`tg pgt`sag `mtns hn e` rn`iiaùm igm e` hacnmaei`rj`zah`. E`s amtnrcnrnmia`s pramiap`ens pramiap`ens sgm e`s s`ens hn ogeajhnmg y onriurag. E` rn`iiaùm igm e` hacnmaen`rj`zah` ns pràitai`onmtn nspniïcai` p`r` ne irgog. E`s s`ens hn ogeajhnmg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
knx`v`enmtn y hn onriurag rn`iiagm`ràm p`r` cgro`r igegr igm ne rn`itavg pnrg e`s amtnmsah`hns sgm ouikg oàs j`d`s qun p`r` ne irgog `e pK nspniacai`hg. Yn punhn tgenr`r igminmtr`iagmns hn k`st` :66 ob Og g Kb. Ne v`m`hag, amtnrcanrn cunrtnonmtn, pnrg e`s igminmtr`iagmns k`st` 06 vnins e`s hne irgog mg i`us`ràm prgjeno`s. E` amtnrcnrnmia` pgtnmia`e hn pnro`mb`m`tg sn neaoam` pgr rnhuiiaùm prnva` igm `zah`. Ne kanrrg, igminmtr`iagmns supnragrns ` 0 ob/E puhn prghuiar um igegr `o`raeeg, pnrg igegr hn agm cárraig (Cn+9) mg ns cunrtn y mgro`eonmtn mg sn nmiunmtr`m hacaiuet`hns sa sn oahn e` `jsgrj`mia` cgtgontrai`onmtn ` e` egmbatuh hn gmh` `prgpa`h`. E`s i`mtah`hns hn ogeajhnmg, v`m`hag, kanrrg y igjrn qun amtnrcanrnm punhnm neaoam`rsn pgr nxtr`iiaùm hn egs iupcnrr`tgs hn nstgs ont`ens igm iegrgcgrmg. Nxastn um oátghg hn nxtr`iiaùm, pnrg mg sn hnjn utaeaz`r ` onmgs qun sn` mnins`rag, puns ne iupcnrrùm y ne iegrgcgrog rnsahu`ens nm e` sgeuiaùm `iugs` igopeai`m e` pgstnragr gxah`iaùm. Vgr eg t`mtg, sïb`sn e` nxtr`iiaùm pgr tr`t`oanmtg `haiagm`e hn àiahg cuo`mtn p`r` hnsigopgmn hnsigopgmnrr nstgs igopunstgs.
• Nquapgs. Nspnitrgcgtùontrg,, p`r` utaeaz`reg ` >86 mo igm um tr`ynitg euoamgsg hn 0 io g oàs e`rbg. Nspnitrgcgtùontrg
• Zn`itavgs. 0. Ygeuiaùm hn irgog hn rnsnrv`4 Hasgevnr 080,8 ob hn L:Ir :G2 nm `bu` y haeuar k`st` 0.666 oe< 0.66 ? >6,6 ¾b Irgog. :. Ygeuiaùm hn irgog p p`trùm4 `trùm4 Haeuar 06.6 oe hn sgeuia sgeuiaùm ùm hn hn rnsnrv` k`st` 066 oe< oe< 0.66 ? >.66 ¾b Ir. 9. @iahg mïtraig, igminmtr`hg igminmtr`hg.. 8. @iahg suecôraig (0+0) >. Ygeuiaùm hn amhai`hgr m`r`md` hn ontaeg 3. Vnrùxahg hn kahrùbnmg (96 %). 2. Kahrùxahg `oùmaig, igminmtr`hg
;. Ygeuiaùm hn pnro` pnro`mb`m`tg mb`m`tg p pgt`sag4 gt`sag4 Ha Hasgevnr sgevnr 8 b hn LO LOmG mG8 nm 066 oe hn `bu`. 1. Ygeuiaùm hn `zah` sùhai`4 Hasgevnr 6,> b hn M`M9 nm 066 oe hn `bu` 06. Ygeuiaùm hncnmaei`rj`zah hncnmaei`rj`zah`4 `4 Hasgevnr :>6 ob hn 0,>-hacnmaei`rj`zah` nm >6 oe hn `intgm`. Igmsnrv`r nm cr`sig gsiurg. Hnsi`rt`r iu`mhg e` sgeuiaùm sn hnigegr`. 00. Iegrgcgrog
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
0:. Ygeuiaùm hn iupcnrrùm4 Hasgevnr > b hn iupcnrrgm I3K>M(MG)GMK8 nm 1> oA hn `bu`. 09. Àiahg cgscùraig igminmtr`hg 08. Àiahg suecôraig Haeuar 02 oe hn K:YG8 3M k`st` >66 oe igm `bu` jahnstae`h`.
•
Vrginhaoanmtg.
Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm4 i`eajr`iaùm 4 V`r` igopnms`r pgsajens párhah`s eabnr`s hn irgog hur`mtn e` habnstaùm u gtr`s gpnr`iagmns `m`eïtai`s, tr`t`r egs p`trgmns hn irgog pgr ne oasog prginhaoanmtg qun e` ounstr`. V`r` neeg, tgo`r vgeôonmns vgeôonmns hn sgeuiaùm hn irgog p`trùm p`trùm (> ¾b/oe) qun v`r`m nmtrn :.66 y :6.6 oe, p`r` gjtnmnr p`trgmns hn 06 ` 066 ¾b Ir, ` o`tr`ins hn :>6 oe. Nstgs p`trgmns hnjnm hnjnm snr tr`t`hgs igo igog g sa cunr`m ounstr`s, rn`e rn`eazàmhgsn azàmhgsn n nee tr`t`oanmtg hn iupcnrrùm hn egs p`trgmns sa k` sahg rnqunrahg p`r` e`s ounstr`s. V`r` ne hns`rrgeeg hne igegr sn prginhnrà igog nm ne i`sg hn e`s ounstr`s. Yn tgo` um` pgriaùm `hniu`h` hn i`h` sgeuiaùm igegrn`h` ` um` iáeue` hn `jsgriaùm hn 0 io y sn oahn e` `jsgrj`mia` ` >86 mo. Hnjn utaeaz`rsn `bu` hnstae`h` igog rncnrnmia`. Yn hnjn igrrnbar e`s enitur`s hn `jsgrj`mia` hn egs p`trgmns rnst`mhg e` `jsgrj`mia` hn um je`mig hn rn`itavg qun k` sahg tr`j`d`hg igm ne oasog oátghg. Eunbg sn rn`eaz` e` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm eenv`mhg v`egrns hn `jsgrj`mia` igrrnbahgs crnmtn ` oairgbr`ogs hn irgog nm um vgeuonm cam cam`e `e hn 06: oe. Xr`t`oanmtg hn e` munstr`4 munstr`4 Ya e` ounstr` nstà sam caetr`r y sn hnsn` hntnroam`r ne irgog tgt`e, hnjn rn`eaz`rsn um` habnstaùm hn e` o`tnra` grbàmai` (HOG) igm KMG9 y K :YG8 igog sn amhai` nm e` sniiaùm HOG.
Neaoam`iaùm hn ogeajhnmg, v`m`hag, kanrrg y igjrn igm iupcnrrùm4 iupcnrrùm4
Yn tgo` um` pgriaùm hn ounstr` habnrah` qun igmtnmb` nmtrn 06 y 066 ¾b Ir ` um` `opgee` hn snp`r`iaùm hn 0:> oe y sn haeuyn ` `prgxao`h`on `prgxao`h`onmtn mtn 86 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h` y sn nmcrï` nm j`ðg hn kaneg. Yn `ð`hn > oe hn sgeuiaùm hn iupcnrrùm nmcra`h` igm kaneg,
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
`bat`mhg janm y sn hnd` rnpgs`r nm ne j`ðg hn kaneg hur`mtn 0 oamutg. Yn rn`eaz`m trns nxtr`iiagmns igm > oe hn IKIe9< hnd`r snp`r`r e`s i`p`s y sn hnsi`rt` ne nxtr`itg iegrgcgroaig. E` sgeuiaùm `iugs` nxtr`ïh` sn p`s` ` um nenrmonynr hn 0:> oe y sn eenv` ` njueeaiaùm hur`mtn `prgxao`h`onmtn > oamutgs p`r` vge`taeaz`r ne iegrgcgrog. Eunbg hn nmcra`r, sn `ð`hn > oe hn KM69 y 9 oe hn K :YG8. Knrvar e`s ounstr`s k`st` e` `p`raiaùm hn kuogs hn Y69. Nmcra`r eabnr`onmtn y `ð`har iuah`hgs`onmtn > oe hn KM6 9 y eenv`r hn munvg ` njueeaiaùm k`st` ne hnsprnmhaoanmtg hn kuogs p`r` igopent`r e` hnsigopgsaiaùm o`tnra` grbàmai`. Nmcra`r y rnpntar e` gpnr`iaùm k`st` tgt`e hnsprnmhaoanmtg hn kuogs hn Y6 9 p`r` neaoam`r tghg ne KM69. Nmcra`r y `ð`har :> oe hn `bu`. Gxah`iaùm hn irgog trav`enmen4 trav`enmen4 Xgo`r 0:> oe um` pgriaùm hn ounstr` habnrah` qun igmtnmb` nmtrn 06 y 066 ¾b Ir. Nopen`mhg amhai`hgr m`r`md` hn ontaeg, `ð`har MK8GK igminmtr`hg k`st` qun e` sgeuiaùm sn` dustg jàsai` `e m`r`md` hn ontaeg. @ð`har K:YG8 0 + 0, bgt` ` bgt`, k`st` qun sn vunev` àiah`, oàs 0 oe (:6 bgt`s) `haiagm`e. @dust`r ne vgeuonm ` `prgxao`h`onmtn 86 oe, `ð`har um pnh`iatg hn pe`tg pgrgsg y i`enmt`r ` njueeaiaùm. @ð`har hgs bgt`s hn sgeuiaùm hn LOmG 8, p`r` gjtnmnr um igegr rgdg gsiurg. Ya sn nop`eahnin, `ð`har LOmG 8, bgt` ` bgt`, k`st` o`mtnmnr um nxinsg hn `prgxao`h`onmtn hgs bgt`s. Knrvar : oamutgs oàs y `ð`har 0 oe hn sgeuiaùm hn M`M9 y igmtamu`r um` su`vn njueeaiaùm. Ya ne igegr rgdg mg hns`p`rnin pgr igopentg hnspuás hn um` njueeaiaùm hn `prgxao`h`onmtn 96 snbumhgs, `ð`har gtrg oe hn sgeuiaùm hn M`M9. Igmtamu`r e` njueeaiaùm um oamutg oàs hnspuás hn hns`p`rniahg ne igegr pgr igopentg y nmcra`r ` igmtamu`iaùm. @ð`har 6,:> oe (iamig bgt`s) hn K 9VG8. Hns`rrgeeg hne igegr y onhah`4 onhah`4 ^taeaz`r K:YG8, 6,: M y um pKontrg p`r` `dust`r e` sgeuiaùm ` pK 0,6 + 6,0 V`s`r e` sgeuiaùm ` um o`tr`z vgeuoátraig vgeuoátraig y haeuar k`st` 066 oe y onzie`r. @ð`har :,6 oe hn sgeuiaùm hn hacnmai`rj`zah`, onzie`r y hnd`r rnpgs`r > ` 06 oamutgs p`r` ne tgt`e hns`rrgeeg hn igegr. V`s`r um` pgriaùm `prgpa`h` ` um` iáeue` hn `jsgriaùm hn 0 io y onhar e` `jsgrj`mia` `
>86 mo. ^taeaz`r `bu` hnstae`h` igog rncnrnmia`. Igrrnbar e` enitur` hn e` `jsgrj`mia` rnst`mhg e` `jsgrj`mia` hn um je`mig tr`t`hg igm ne oasog oátghg. Hntnroam`r egs oairgbr`ogs hn irgog prnsnmtns ` p`rtar hn e` `jsgrj`mia` igrrnbah` pgr rncnrnmia` ` e` iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Iàeiuegs
¾b Ir (nm 06: o) hn vgeuonm cam`e) x 066 @ x J hgmhn4 @ ? oe hn ounstr` gr grabam`e, abam`e, y J ? oe hn pgriaùm hn 066 oe habnrah`.
Jajeagbr`cï`
Y@EXTO@M, J. N. 01>:. Oairghntnroam`tagm gc ikrgrmauo watk hapknmyen`rj`zahn jy pnro`mb`m`tn pnro`mb`m` tn gxah`tagm. @m`e. Ikno. :840603. ^ZGM^, V. C. 01>>. Yt`jaeaty gcf igegraontrai rn`bnmt cgr ikrgoauo, >-hapknmyei`rj`zahn, am v`ragus sgevnmts. @m`e. Ikno. :2409>8. @EENM, X. E. 01>;. Oairghntnroam` Oairghntnroam`tagm tagm gc ikrgoauo watk 0,>-hapknmy0i`rj 0,>-hapknmy0i`rjgkyhr`zahn. gkyhr`zahn. @m`e. Ikno. 964882. Y@MHCEE, N. J. 01>1. Igegraontrai hntnroam`tagm gc tr`ins gc ont`es, V nh. Amtnrsianmin Vujeasknrs, Munv` Qgrl.
Ikgoauo. Yianmtacai Znvanws gc Ygvant Eatnr`turn gm Xgxaiaty `mh K`z`rhs gc Iknoai`es 3;, Inmtrn gc Amtnrm`tagm`e Vrgdnits, BLMX, Ogsigw, ^YYZ, 01;8. @EINHG, D. @.< RNXXNZK@KM RNXXNZK@KM,, L. N. Ikrgoauo tgxaiaty `mh i`riamgbnm i`riamgbnmnsïs. nsïs. Amt. Znv. Nxp. V`tkge. 904 ;>-06; (0116).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
DGMNY, Z. N. Knx`v`enmt ikrgon4 tkrnskgeh igminpt cgr i`riamgbnmaiaty. Jagonh. Nmvargm. Yia. 94 :6-98 (0116). RGGH, Z.< OAEEY, V. J.< LMGJNE, B. D.< K^ZEGR, R. N.< YXGLGE, D. O. @iutn haikrgo`tn pgasgmamb `ctnr usn gc tr`hatagm`e purb`tavns. @ rnpgrt gc 2 i`sns. Y. @cr. Onh. D. 224 386-38: (0116). E@MB@ZH, Y.< MGZYNXK, X. Ikrgoauo. Nm4 Crajnrb, E.< Mgrhj-árb, B. C.< Sgul, S. (nhs.). K`mhjggl gm tkn Xgxaigegby gc Ont`es. Nesnvanr, @rmstnrh`o, 0116, pàbs. 0;>-:06. RNHNNM, Z. V.< PA@M, E. C. Ikrgoauo-amhuinh lahmny hasn`sn. Nmvargm. Kn`etk Vnrspnit. 1:4 2028(0110 2028(0110). ). YXGLAMBNZ, K. N.< S`m`hauo. Nm4 Ie`ytgm, B. H.< Ie`ytgm, C. N. (nhs.). V`ttys Amhustra`e Kybanmn `mh Xgxaigegby. Raeny Amtnrsianmin. Mnw Qgrl, pàbs.0>;1-036>. pàbs.0>;1-036>. O@YYGM, Y. @ccnitagms aoput`jens `ux hnravns oamnr`ux hu ikrgon. ^mavnrsatá hn V`ras SAA, C`iuetá hn Oáhniamn [`vanr-Jaik`t, V`ras, Cr`min, 01;:. YKNNK@M, V. D.< ONQNZ, H. O.< Y@^NZ, O. O.< V@^YXNMJ@IK, H. D. @ssnssonmt gc tkn kuo`m kn`etk rasls pgsnh jy nxpgsurn tg ikrgoauo-igmt`oam`tnh sgaes. D. Xgxaige. Nmvargm. Kn`etk 9:4 030:60(01 030:60(0110). 10). I`pïtueg >, ―Vrnp`r`tagm gc s`opens cgr ont`es `m`eysas‟, hn ―Y`open Vrnp`r`tagm Xnikmaquns am @m`eytai`e Iknoastry‟, nhatnh jy Ygonm`t`k Oatr`, Raeny Amtnrsianmin, :669. Xgxaigegbai`e Vrgcaen cgr @rsnmai, ^Y Hnp`rtonmt gc Kn`etk `mh Kuo`m Ynrvains, Vujeai Kn`etk Ynrvain, @bnmiy cgr Xgxai Yujst`mins `mh Hasn`sn Znbastry, Ynptnojnr :666.
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www.ambnmanrg`ojanmt`e.igo.`r, 0 111. www.ambnmanrg`ojanmt`e.igo.`r, Xkn Nmabo` gc @rsnmai I`riamgbnmnsas4 Zgen gc Ont`jgeaso, Xgxaigegbai`e Yianmins, 81 ’ >08, 0111.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
RNM-QA IKNM nt `e, @m`eytai`e Yianmins©Xkn D`p`m Ygianty cgr @m`eytai`e Iknoastry.. Hntnroam`tagm gc Xgt`e Onriury `mh Ontkyeonriury am Kuo`m K`ar jy Br`pkatn-Curm`in @tgoai @jsgrptagm Ypnitrgpkgtg Ypnitrgpkgtgontry ontry ^samb :,9-Haonri`ptg :,9-Haonri`ptgprgp`mn-0-s prgp`mn-0-suecgm`tn uecgm`tn `s ` Igopenxamb @bnmt. , O`rik :66:, SGE. 0; :>>, :66: OAIK@NE LZ@IKENZ nt `e, Crnsnmaus D.@m`e.Ikno, nhat`hg pgr Yprambnr-Snre`b. Oairgw`vn habnstagm ontkghs cgr tkn hntnroam`tagm tr`in nenonmts am jr`am `mh eavnr s`opens jy amhuitavney igupenh pe`so` o`ss spnitrgontry, 9>>40:6‘0: 9>>40:6‘0:;, ;, 0113. Vramiapens gc Xgxaigegby4 Nmvargmonmt`e `mh Amhustra`e @ppeai`tagms :mh Nh., ` RaenyAmtnrsianmin Vujeai`tagm Vujeai`tagm Raeny & Ygms, Ami., Mnw Qgrl, :666. Znsn`rik Ve`m cgr @rsnmai am Hramlamb R`tnr, NV@, Znvanw Hr`ct, Hninojnr 0113. Ontkgh cgr Ahnmtacyamb @rsnmai Ypnians am ^ramn cgr ^sn am Nxpgsurn `mh Npahnoagegby Ytuhans, M`tagm`e Nxpgsurn Znsn`rik E`jgr`tgry ’ Ynptnojnr :666. Vrnigminmtr`tagm gc @rsnmai Ypnians gc Nmvargmonmt`e R`tnrs jy Ygeah Vk`sn Nxtr`itagm usamb Ont`e-eg`hnh ikne`tamb rnsams, Oamgru X`m`l` nt `e, @m`eytai`e Yianmins :660, Sgeuon 02, Yuppenonmt, Xkn D`p`m Ygianty gc @m`eytai`e Yianmins.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg 1 Nstuhag hn rnstgs hn hnce`br`iaùm hn pùevgr`s pgr
oátghgs quïoaigs n amstruonmt`ens.
@utgr4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Hgitgr Euas @ejnrtg Cnrr`ra Cnrr`ra Vrgcnsgr Xatue`r hn e` Iàtnhr` Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^mavnrsah`h hn Ogrùm. Vnratg Puïoaig, Dncn hne E`jgr`tgrag Xgxaigeg Xgxaigegbï` bï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hne Vghnr Duhaia`e.
J`eïstai` Cgrnmsn. E` j`eïstai` ns e` hasiapeam` qun nstuha` amtnbr`eonmtn e`s `ro`s hn cunbg, ne `ei`min y harniiaùm hn egs prgynitaens qun hasp`r`m y egs ncnitgs qun prghuinm. Ynbôm e` Zn`e @i`hnoa` Nsp`ðge` Nsp`ðge` ns ne `rtn hn onhar ne `ei`m `ei`min in y harniiaùm h hn n egs prgynitae prgynitaens. ns. V`r` su nstuhag sn e` sujhavahn nm4
• J`eïstai` am amtnragr4 tnragr4 igrrn igrrnspgmhanmhg spgmhanmhg tghg eg rne`tavg ` e` nstruitu nstruitur`, r`, oni`mas oni`masog, og, cumiagm`oanmtg, i`rb` y táimai` hne hasp`rg hne `ro` hn cunbg, k`st` qun ne prgynitae hasp`r`hg `j`mhgm` e` jgi` hne i`ðùm.
• J`eïstai` nx nxtnragr4 tnragr4 nstuha nstuha` ` egs ncnitgs prgh prghuiahgs uiahgs p pgr gr ne prgynitae, h hnshn nshn qun `j`mhgm` e` jgi` hne i`ðùm hne `ro`, k`st` qun eenb` `e pumtg gjdntavg u gtrg qun ne `z`r hntnroamn igmsahnr`mh igmsahnr`mhg g e` br`vnh`h, rnsastnmia` hne `arn y gjstàiuegs qun sn en punh`m amtnrpgmn amtnrpgmnr. r.
• J`eïstai` hn ncnitgs4 igrrnsp igrrnspgmhn gmhn `e nstuhag h hn n egs n ncnitgs cnitgs prghu prghuiahgs iahgs pgr ne prgynitae hnshn qun `j`mhgm` e` jgi` hne i`ðùm hne `ro` hasp`r`h` igmsahnr`mhg ne ncnitg hn rnjgtns, ikgquns, pnrcgr`iagmns, nti. k`st` qun amiahn sgjrn ne pumtg qun ne `z`r hntnroamn pgr hnsva`iaùm hn tr`ynitgra`, iuy`s i`us`s k`jràm hn hntnroam` hntnroam`rsn rsn igm e` amvn amvnstab`iaùm stab`iaùm iraoam iraoam`e. `e. @ro`44 ns tghg `quneeg qun pgtnmia` e` cunrz` kuo`m`. @ro` @ro` hn cunbg4 cunbg4 ns `qunee` qun utaeaz` e` prgpuesaùm hn e` pùevgr` p`r` sus camns.
@ro` igrt` g hn puðg4 puðg4 sgm e`s qun sn tr`mspgrt`m y hasp`r`m igm um` sge` o`mg (pastge` y rnvùevnr). @ro`s e`rb`s g hn kgojrg kgojrg44 e`s qun `hnoàs hn tr`mspgrt`re`s igm um` o`mg sn utaeaz` ne kgojrg p`r` hasp`r`re`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nm nstn tr`j`dg sn nxpgmnm hgs hn e`s `ro`s igrt`s g hn puðg4 Vastge` (Cab. 1.0) y Znvgevnr (Cab. 1.:).
1.: V`rtns igmstatuynmtns hne `ro` igrt`. igrt`. Iue`t`44 hnstam`h` ` sudnt`r ne `ro`. Iue`t` @ro`hur`44 sgstám hn e`s gtr`s panz`s, eenv` aoprnsg ne sneeg i`r`itnrïstaig hn e` i`s` @ro`hur` c`jrai`mtn y e` muonr`iaùm hn snran. Nstg ns aopgrt`mtn iu`mhg sn amvnstab` e` prginhnmia` hne `ro`. Ya sn nmiunmtr` jgrr`hg g `huetnr`hg sn prginhn `e rnvnmahg g tr`t`oanmtg p`r` rnvne`r e` muonr`iaùm grabam`e. I`ðùm44 tujg pgr hgmhn s`en ne prgynitae. Xanmn iunrpg, àmao` y jgi`s. Ne iunrpg ns v`ra`jen I`ðùm snbôm ne i`eajrn y egmbatuh hne i`ðùm. Nm egs i`ðgmns igrtgs ne tanopg hn p`sg hne prgynitae ns rnhuiahg, e` igojustaùm hn e` pùevgr` ns amigopent` y pgr nmhn e` vnegiah`h y nmnrbï` hn `rrajg hasoamuynm. Eg amvnrsg giurrn igm egs i`ðgmns e`rbgs, egs igopgmnmtns hn e` i`rb` prgpuesgr` qun igmstatuaràm ne t`tu`dn sn prgynit`ràm t`ojaám ` hastamt` hast`mia` snbôm e` egmbatuh hne i`ðùm p`r` um oasog i`eajrn.
Cab. 1.04 Vastge`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Cab. 1.:4 Znvùevnr.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@mao`44 ns e` supnrcaian amtnragr @mao` amtnragr hne i`ðùm qun qun punhn snr eas` g r`y`h`. Ne i`sg hne r`y`h r`y`hg gg nstra`hg aopraon `e prgynitae um ncnitg bargsiùpaig qun `snbur` ne `ei`min, pnmntr`iaùm, nst`jaeah`h nm e` tr`ynitgra` y prniasaùm nm ne hasp`rg. Nstn r`y`hg `hquanrn e` i`r`itnrïstai` hne `ro` y hnd` nm e` supnrcaian hne prgynitae, `hnoàs hn e`s snð`ens igoumns ` tgh`s e`s `ro`s hn nstn tapg, i`r`itnrïstai`s qun e` ahnmtacai`m y hacnrnmia`m hn e`s hnoàs.
1.:.0 Xapgs hn `ro`s igrt`s. Znvùevnr . Ne utaeaz`hg ns hne i`eajrn 9: e`rbg, `hnoàs hn e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s snð`e`h`s p`r` `ro`s hn cunbg hn puðg, ns hn saopen y hgjen `iiaùm igm sastno` hn pumtnrï` igopunst` hn
`ez` y buaùm cad`s. Vrnsnmt` um iaeamhrg `ptg p`r` `egd`r k`st` 3 i`rtuikgs. Ne onmiagm`hg ns hn càiae `hquasaiaùm nm egs igonriags hne r`og pgr eg iu`e sn tgo` ástn, igog tapg p`r` e`s nxpnranmia`s hn hasp`rgs. @hnoàs ns j`st`mtn igrranmtn nm knikgs hneaitugsgs.
Vastge`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nst` ns hn saopen `iiaùm, hn i`rb` `utgoàtai` y cunbg snoa`utgoàtaig, igm trns sastno`s hn snburah`h, ` ee`vn sgjrn ne e`hg azquanrhg, hn i`rb`hgr y hn praonr ogmtn hn o`rtaeeg pnriutgr, igm um i`rb`hgr `ptg p`r` `egd`r k`st` 09 i`rtuikgs puhanmhg `ejnrb`r umg oàs nm su rniào`r`.
I`rtuikg/s. Ns ne nenonmtg cgro`hg pgr e` v`am`, ne prgynitae y e` i`rb` j`eïstai` (umah`h cumiagm`e). Nst` ôetao` igmstatuah` pgr cueoam`mtn y pùevgr` (Cab. 1.9). S`am`44 ns e` qun igmtanmn ` e`s hnoàs p`rtns qun amtnbr`m ne i`rtuikg, ns hniar, ns ne S`am` sgpgrtn hne i`rtuikg. J`e` g prgynitae4 prgynitae4 iunrpg qun snrà `rrgd`hg. Nm nst` nxpnranmia`, prgynitae ômaig hn pegog. I`rb` prgpuesgr` Yust`mia` iuy` nxpegsaùm eajnr` nmnrbï` mnins`ra` p`r` prgpues`r ne prgynitae y nm ne i`sg hn e` pastge` `prgvnik` e` amnria` p`r` tar`r e` igrrnhnr` k`ia` `tràs, nm ne va`dn hn ianrrn, `rr`str`r ne i`rtuikg sabuanmtn y hnd`reg prnstg p`r` ne prùxaog hasp`rg. Cueoam`mtn44 Cueoam`mtn Ns um nxpegsavg ouy pghnrgsg y snmsajen qun hntgm` pgr nstïoueg nxtnrmg, bgepn hn e` `bud` pnriutgr` prghuianmhg cunbg. Yust`mia`s t`ens igog cueoam`tg hn onriurag, j`rag,
`mtaogmag nmtrn gtr`s, prghuinm e` `itav`iaùm hn e` pùevgr`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Cab. 1.94 1.94 I`rtuikg igm cueoam`mtn tapg Jnrh`m.
1.9 Gjtnmiaùm hn k`egs hn `kuo`oanmtg, prgynitaens y rnstgs hn pùevgr`. Igm i`rtuikgs ` egs iu`ens sn ens rntarù ne pegog y nm su eub`r sn igegiù `ebghùm, sn prginhn ` i`rb`r ne `ro` y ncnitu`r hasp`rgs, pgr ndnopeg, nm bámnrgs hn igegr je`mig y hne tapg dn`m, igm ne i`ðùm `pgy`hg sgjrn e`s onmiagm`h`s tne`s, ` hast`mia`s hn :6 io, 86 io y supnragrns ` >6 io. Igog sgpgrtn hn e`s tne`s sn utaeaz` p`pne hn ha`rag prnms`hg igm um nspnsgr hn `prgxao`h`onmtn 0> io, hn o`mnr` hn `jsgrjnr ne iôoueg hn b`sns y pùevgr`
ami`mhnsinmtns ami`mhnsinm tns igog igmsniunmia igmsniunmia` ` hne hasp`rg (Cab. 1.8). I`jn snð`e`r qun nm um` i`us` pnm`e, hgmhn ns mnins`rag nst`jeninr sa e` vïitao` hn um hasp`rg sucraù ne aop`itg igm ne `ro` `pgy`h` (nm i`sg hn suaiahag u kgoaiahag, ` igrt` g onha`m` hast`mia`) ns mnins`rag rn`eaz`r nxpnranmia`s hn hasp`rgs igm ne `ro` amiraoam`h` y tr`t`r hn utaeaz`r i`rtuikgs hne oasog `ðg y egtn hn c`jrai`iaùm, igm ne gjdntg qun e` i`rb`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
aopuesgr`, sn` snond`mtn ` e` sust`mia` qun pgsnï` e` v`am` amiraoam`h` `mtns hn e` prghuiiaùm hne knikg. E`s tne`s ` utaeaz`r nm i`h` umg hn egs nms`ygs hn hasp`rg sn o`mapue`m igm suog iuah`hg `peaiàmhgsn e` táimai` hn Vntnr Branss Sgm Aeegsw`, qun sn hnt`ee` o`s `j`dg p`r` `màeasas quïoaigs hn rnstgs hn hnce`br`iaùm hn pùevgr`.
Cab. 1.84 1.84 K`eg hn `kuo`oanmtg `kuo`oanmtg..
Vgstnragr ` e` `peai`iaùm hn e` táimai` sn env`mt`m hn e` o`mg igm e` qun sn ncnituù ne hasp`rg, rnstgs hn igojustaùm hn pùevgr`, onha`mtn `ebghùm nojnjahg nm àiahg mïtraig `e >%, p`r` prgins`r nm ne nspnitrg cgtùontrg hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai` y ncnitu`r e`s
amtnrprnt`iagmnss pnrtamnmtns. amtnrprnt`iagmn
1.8 @màeasas quïoaig hn rnstgs hn hnce`br`iaùm hn pùevgr` nm prnmh`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
1.8.0 Igegraontrï` pgr ha`zgt`iaùm-igpue`iaùm. •
Zn`itavgs4
@iahg suec`mïeaig `e 6,>% nm `bu`. `bu`. Ygeuiaùm `e 6,>% hn `ec`-m`ctae`oam` nm ont`mge. V`pne cgtgbràcaig hnsnmsajaeaz hnsnmsajaeaz`hg. `hg.
•
Vrginhaoanmtg4 Yn utaeaz` e` táimai` hn Vntnr Branss vgm Aeegsw` p`r` ne rnvne`hg hn rnstgs hn pùevgr`
hnce`br`hgs. Nm praonr eub`r sn rn`eaz` ne `màeasas hn e`s zgm`s pnrcgr`h`s nm e` rgp` nm iunstaùm onha`mtn eup` jamgiue`r p`r` gjsnrv`r p`rtïiue`s hn pùevgr` p`ria`eonmtn quno`h` `ernhnhgr hn egs gracaiags. Nm snbumhg eub`r, sn pr`itai`m e`s rn`iiagmns nspniïcai`s hn i`r`itnraz`iaùm iu`eat`tav` hn rnstgs hn igojustaùm amigopent` hn egs prgpuesgrns hne prgynitae y pnroatnm amhavahu`eaz`r egs matratgs prnsnmtns. E`s táimai`s sn j`s`m nm e` igmvnrsaùm hn egs oasogs nm um `zgigegr`mtn. Yn utaeaz` p`pne cgtgbràcaig hnsnmsajaeaz`hg (sam e` s`e hn pe`t` hne p`pne), hnd`mhg sge`onmtn e` bne`tam`, tr`t`hg igm um` sgeuiaùm hn àiahg suec`mïeaig `e 6,>% nm `bu` y eunbg hnd`hg sni`r. Ne p`pne sni`hg ns nmtgmins tr`t`hg igm um` sgeuiaùm `e 6,>% hn `ec`m`ctae`oam` nm ont`mge. Ne àiahg suec`mïeaig ns ha`zgt`hg pgr ne àiahg matrgsg cgro`hg ` p`rtar hn egs matratgs pgr `iiaùm hne àiahg `iátaig, nopen`hg nm b`s`s nojnjah`s `e :>% nm `bu`. Nstn igopunstg cgro`hg igpue` igm e` `ec`m`ctae`oam`, p`r` cgro`r um `zgigegr`mtn rgdg`m`r`md`hg. E`s b`s`s nojnjah`s nm `iátaig sn igegi`m sgjrn e` prnmh`, nm e` qun e` zgm`
`budnrn`h` sn nmiunmtr` igopraoah` nm ne p`pne hnsnmsajaeaz`hg, onha`mtn pe`mik` i`eanmtn hur`mtn jrnvns oamutgs.
E`s rn`iiagmns igrrnspgmhanmtns sn hnt`ee`m nm e` cabur` 1.>.
1.8.: Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn rnsuet`hgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nst` rn`iiaùm mg giurrarà ` onmgs qun k`y` matratgs y hnjn ncnitu`rsn nm prnsnmia` hn um àiahg igog sn amhaiù prninhnmtnonmtn. E`s p`rtïiue`s hn pùevgr` quno`h` g p`ria`eonmtn quno`h` nxastnmtn nm e` rgp`, p`s`ràm `e p`pne cgtgbràcaig nm cgro` hn pumtgs igegr rgdg-m`r`md rgdg-m`r`md`. `. Nm ne i`sg qun ne gracaiag `m`eaz`hg kujanr` sahg prgvgi`hg pgr e` nmtr`h` hn prgynitaens `rrgd`mhg rnsuet`hgs pgsatavgs nm e`s igmhaiagmns hn nms`yg, sn igmcaro` qun ne hasp`rg cun ncnitu`hg hnshn um` hast`mia` onmgr ` >6 io. Ya e` rn`iiaùm ns mnb`tav`, ns hniar, mg sn gjsnrv` hastrajuiaùm hn pumtgs rgdg-m`r`md` `ernhnhgr hne gracaiag `m`eaz`hg, sn amtnrprnt` qun ne hasp`rg sn rn`eazù ` um` hast`mia` supnragr ` egs >6 io. Mg gjst`mtn, nstn v`egr igmsabm`hg hnpnmhnrà hne tapg hn `ro`s, hne i`rtuikg, egtn, `ðg hn c`jrai`iaùm, nti. X`ojaám hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun e`s p`rtïiue`s hn matratg k`y`m pghahg snr `rr`str`h`s g e`v`h`s hn e`s prnmh`s pgr e` s`mbrn qun nvnmtu`eonmtn no`m`r` hn e`s knrah`s. K`y qun tnmnr nm iunmt`, `hnoàs, ne o`mapueng hn e` rgp` s`i`h` ` e`s vïitao`s, e` iu`e sn hnjn o`mnd`r igm suog iuah`hg p`r` aopnhar qun sn panrh` g hnsprnmh` iu`equanr rnsahug hn pùevgr`< Vgr nst` r`zùm `e e`jgr`tgrag hnjn snr nmva`h` i`h` prnmh` pgr snp`r`hg nmtrn hgs i`p`s hn i`rtùm brunsg, janm `prnt`h`s. X`ojaám e`s prnsumt`s o`mik`s hn s`mbrn crnsi` qun nxastanrnm, hnjnrï`m sni`rsn igm igrranmtn hn `arn tajag, y` qun `e nst`r kôonh`s e`s prnmh`s, sn nmogkninm y mg pnroatnm igmhaiagmns `pt`s p`r` e` prunj`. Nm e` `itu`eah`h, nstn tapg hn hasiusagmns ns ouy igoôm nm egs duaiags gr`ens, aopenonmt`hgs hnshn k`in pgig tanopg nm munstrg p`ïs, p`r` i`sgs hn kgoaiahags y iuyg gjdntavg ns nst`jeninr hast`mia` prgj`jen hne hasp`rg. Nm e`s sabuanmtns rn`iiagmns sn aeustr` ne oni`masog hn cgro`iaùm hn egs pumtgs igegrn`hgs grabam`hgs nm e`s rn`iiagmns pgsatav`s.
Aopgrt`mtn4 hnjn amtnrprnt`rsn igog pgsatavgs `quneegs nms`ygs nm egs qun sn gjsnrv`m
v`rags pumtgs (> g 3 igog oïmaog) qun pgsn`m haspgsaiaùm iariue`r, ns hniar, haspunstgs `ernhnhgr hne prnsumtg gracaiag hn nmtr`h`. Ya egs pumtgs sn gjsnrv`m `ase`hgs g mg haspunstgs nm e` cgro` amhai`h`, i`rnin hn v`egr enb`e ne amcgron hn e` nxastnmia` hn pumtgs, qun k`m rn`iiagm`hg igm egs rn`itavgs hne sastno` hn ahnmtacai`iaùm hn Sgm Aeegsw`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
YG
9
K
Y G 9K + M G
:
K + K
+ K
G :
MK
:
+M K
YG MK
:
9
MG
K
:
+M? M 4
Y G
9
K
K M - M
+M K
:
Ie
Cab. 1.>4 1.>4 rn`iiagmns hn ha`zgigpue`iaùm.
1.8.9 Nspnitrgcgtgontrï` hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai`. Amvnstab`iaùm hn rnstgs ontàeaigs prgvnmanmtns hn hnce`br`iaùm hn pùevgr` `snmt`hg sgjrn e`s o`mgs4 sn prginhn ` rn`eaz`r e` hntnroam`iaùm hn `mtaogmag, j`rag y pegog (igopgmnmtns hne hntgm`hgr), prnva` nxtr`iiaùm hn egs rnsahugs hn e`s o`mgs onha`mtn ne e`v`hg igm àiahg mïtraig haeuahg (>%), utaeaz`mhg p`r` neeg kasgpgs hn `ebghùm.
Egs kasgpgs nojnjahgs nm e` sgeuiaùm sgm p`s`hgs pgr e` zgm` hïbatg pueb`r v`ra`s vnins y rgt`mhg ne sgpgrtn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@e snr `iinsajens nigmùoai` nigmùoai`onmtn, onmtn, sn `hquanrnm nm prgvnhgrns k`jatu`ens hn e`jgr`tgrag n amieusavn nm c`ro`ia`s. Hnjnm bu`rh`rsn um kasgpg varbnm igog je`mig. Eunbg hn rn`eaz`r ne kasgp`hg, egs kasgpgs sn igegi`m nm rniapanmtns peàstaigs, qun prnva`onmtn k`m sahg e`v`hgs igm àiahg mïtraig p`r` neaoam`r nvnmtu`ens igmt`oam`ia igmt`oam`iagmns. gmns. Eunbg sn tr`t` igm àiahg mïtraig `e >% y sn `bat`, e` sgeuiaùm rnsuet`mtn sn amtrghuin nm ne nquapg hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai` y sn igtnd` igmtr` sgeuiagmns tnstabgs hn egs igrrnspgmhanmtns `m`eatgs (Vegog, @mtaogmag y J`rag). @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm e`s igmhaiagmn igmhaiagmnss utaeaz`h`s p`r` e` hntnroam`iaù hntnroam`iaùm m hn egs hastamtgs p`ràontrgs ontàeaigs utaeaz`mhg ee`o`4 Vegog4 Egmbatuh hn gmh`4 :02 mo Z`mur`4 : mo Igrranmtn hn eàop`r`4 >m@ Igojustajen44 `intaenmg Igojustajen Gxah`mtn4 `arn Nstnquagontrï` hn e` ee`o`4 gxah`mtn.
Z`mbg hn tr`j`dg4 >-:6 ppo @mtaogmag4 Egmbatuh hn gmh`4 :02,3 mo Z`mur`4 : mo Igrranmtn hn eàop`r`4 06 m@
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Igojustajen44 `intaenmg Igojustajen Gxah`mtn4 `arn Nstnquagontrï` hn e` ee`o`4 gxah`mtn Z`mbg hn tr`j`dg4 06-86 ppo J`rag4 Egmbatuh hn gmh`4 >>9,> mo Z`mur`4 > mo Igrranmtn hn eàop`r`4 06 o@ Igojustajen4 `intaenmg Gxah`mtn4 `arn Nstnquagontrï` hn e` ee`o`4 rnhuitgr` Z`mbg hn tr`j`dg4 >->6 ppo Yn gjtanmnm eïoatns eïoatns oàs j`dgs tr`j`d`mhg ig igm m kgrmg hn br` br`catg. catg. Igmhaiagmns hn tr`j`dg4 Eàop`r`s hn iàtghg kunig hn egs nenonmtgs4 `mtaogmag, pegog y j`rag. Vrgbr`o` hn i`enmt`oanm i`enmt`oanmtg4 tg4 Xnopnr`tur` hn enitur` hn pegog4 0;66´I Xnopnr`tur` hn enitur` hn j`rag4 :266´I Xnopnr`tur` hn enitur` hn `mtaogmag4 :.666´I B`s hn eaopanz`4 @rbùm Igrrniiaùm hn j`ilbrgumh4 onha`mtn eàop`r` hn hnutnrag Iu`mtacai`iaùm44 Onha`mtn iurv` hn i`eajr`iaùm igm st`mh`rns amhujat`jens, pgr Iu`mtacai`iaùm Hntnroam`iaùm Hntnroam`iaù m hn `etur` hn paig y igop`r`iaùm nmtrn ounstr` y st`mh`rh. Eïoatn hn hntniiaùm4 Vegog4
> mb/oe
@mtaogmag4 > ppj ppj J`rag4
>6 ppj
1.8.8 S`egrns hn igrtn (iut-gcc).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Bu`tneea (O`mu`e hn Vgeaia` Cnhnr`e, 01;9) rncanrn e` gpamaùm hn `ebumgs `utgrns `igmsnd`mhg su onhaiaùm igmsahnr`mhg pgsatav`s e`s hntnroam`iagmns hn `mtaogmag o`ygrns ` 026 m`mgbr`ogs y j`rag o`ygr ` >>6 m`mgbr`ogs. Nm e`s o`mgs qun mg k`m `iiagm`hg `ro`s hn cunbg egs mavnens nstapue`hgs pgr Buamm p`r` ne `mtaogmag sgm onmgrns ` :6 m`mgbr`ogs y p`r` j`rag onmgr hn 36 m`mgbr`ogs. K`y igmsnmsg qun nm tghgs egs amhavahugs nxastnm `mtaogmag y j`rag nm ne grhnm hne m`mgbr`og. Hao`ag (01;>), k` amcgro`hg qun v`egrns supnragrns ` egs igmsabm`hgs ` igmtamu`iaùm sgm prnsumtavgs hn nxastnmia` hn rnsahugs hn pùevgr`4 @mtaogmag 9> mb. J`rag
0>6 mb.
Vegog
;66 mb Ne oasog `utgr, mg gjst`mtn, igmsahnr` v`rags i`sgs nm egs qun nenv`hg igmtnmahg hn
j`rag y pegog sgm `trajuahgs ` igmt`oam`iaùm, pnrg mgt` qun e` i`mtah`h hn `mtaogmag pnro`mnin ouy j`d` g `usnmtn. Vgr eg t`mtg ne rnsuet`hg `m`eïtaig hnjn o`mnd`rsn igm ianrt`s prni`uiagmns y nm eg pgsajen ncnitu`r e` hntnroam`iaùm saouetàmn` hn egs trns nenonmtgs onmiagm`hgs, nspnia`eonmtn ne `mtaogmag. Nm munstrg onhag (Z. Mantg, Y. Bagrbnra nt `e, :660) sn k`m nst`jeniahg v`egrns hn iut-gcc nm j`sn ` igeniiaùm prgpa` pgr nxpnranmia`s hn hasp`rgs igm hastamt`s `ro`s y oumaiagmns, eenb`mhg ` egs sabuanmtns rnsuet`hgs4 Vegog4 0666 mb @mtaogmag4 :6 mb J`rag4 0>6 mb
1.> Oátghgs j`s`hgs nm ne nstuhag ogrcgeùbaig y nenonmt`e hn e`s
p`rtïiue`s hnce`br`h`s.
Oairgsigpï` nenitrùmai` hn j`rrahg-sgmh` NH[.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ns um nxinenmtn oátghg qun igojam` e` gjsnrv`iaùm hn e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s hn e` p`rtïiue` nm nstuhag y su igopgsaiaùm `tùoai`. Nstg ôetaog br`ia`s ` e` sgmh` haspnrsav` hn Cab. 1.3 `sabm`jens ` r`ygs [ qun pnroatn gjtnmnr snð`ens, igog e`s qun sn ounstr`m nm e` Cab. hntnroam`hg nenonmtg igmtnmahg nm e` p`rtïiue` `m`eaz`h`. @hnoàs tanmn e` vnmt`d` hn snr um` táimai` mg hnstruitav`. Ns igmsahnr`h` `itu`eonmtn e` táimai` hn oàs `et` snenitavah`h p`r` ne nstuhag hn rnsahugs hn pùevgr` hnce`br`h`. E` Oairgsigpï` Nenitrùmai` hn J`rrahg, sn j`s` nm ne `màeasas hn e` supnrcaian hn um` ounstr` igm um k`z hn nenitrgmns. nenitrgmns. E` amtnr`i amtnr`iiaùm iaùm hn e` ounstr` igm igm haikg k`z h` igog rnsuet`hg hacnrnmtns tapgs hn snð`ens prgvnmanmtns hn e` oaso`. Nst`s snð`ens sniumh`ra`s sgm i`pt`h`s pgr hntnitgrns `prgpa`hgs, jramh`mhg amcgro`iaùm sgjrn oairg nstruitur` tgpgbràcai` g hn igmtr`stn pgr igopgsaiaùm igm um` snmsajaeah`h hn 6,0 muonrg `tùoaig (nenitrgmns rntrghaspnrs`hgs JYN). H`hg qun i`h` nenonmtg prnsnmtn nm e` ounstr`, pgr amtnr`iiaùm hn um k`z hn nenitrgmns amiahnmtn, noatn cgtgmns hn r`ygs [ hn nmnrbï` i`r`itnrïstai` (sgmh` NH@[) ne `màeasas pnroatn e` ahnmtacai`iaùm amnquïvgi`. Ynbôm munstr` nxpnranmia` sùeg punhn prnsnmt`r prgjeno`s sa e` o`traz sgjrn e` qun sn k` hn `m`eaz`r ne rnsahug ns ùsn`. Nstg hnjahg ` qun e`s snð`ens hn i`eiag sunenm amtnrcnrar nm e`s hn `mtaogmag, nenonmtg ástn cumh`onmt`e p`r` `sabm`r ahnmtah`h hn um` p`rtïiue` sgspnikgs` hn snr pùevgr`. @ebumgs `utgrns k`m h`hg aopgrt`mia` mg sgeg ` e` ogrcgegbï` y igopgsaiaùm samg t`ojaám ` e` onhah` hn e`s p`rtïiue`s. Nst`s sunenm snr hn umgs pgigs oairgmns hn haàontrg, nscárai`s. E` cusaùm hn egs nenonmtgs rnenv`mtns (Vj, Yj y J`) nm um` p`rtïiue`, bnmnr`h`s j`dg igmhaiagmns nspniïcai`s hn tnopnr`tur` y prnsaùm, sunen snr tgo`h` igog ―i`r`itnrïstai` hn rnsahugs hn `ro` hn cunbg‟. @sï, ns ouy igoôm gjsnrv`r p`rtïiue`s cusagm`h`s hn Vj-Yj-J` , Yj-J`, Vj-Yj, nti. @saoasog, ns `igmsnd`j `igmsnd`jen en ncnitu`r um igtndg igm p`rtïiue`s gjtnmah`s hn e` oaso`
`ro` amiraoam`h` y egs oasogs i`rtuikgs utaeaz`hgs. Igm neeg sn gjtnmhrà um` ondgr `prgxao`iaùm hn ahnmtah`h hn e` p`rtïiue` y nvat`rà hasquasaiagmns sutaens nm i`sgs hasput`hgs nm nstr`hgs duhaia`ens. Nm hncamatav` um` Igrtn pghrà nv`eu`r oàs ie`r`onmtn e` prunj` ianmtïcai` ianmtïcai` sa sn ncnitô ncnitô` ` nm j`sn ` igtndg utaea utaeaz`mhg z`mhg e` o oaso` aso` `ro` y prgynitaens snond`mtns qun sa sn hnhuin hne `màeasas hn e` p`rtïiue` sge`onmtn.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` tgo` hn ounstr` nm nstn i`sg hnjn rn`eaz`rsn pgr ne oátghg hnmgoam`hg4 ―t`pn eactamb‟ g env`mt`oanmtg pgr onhag hn iamt`s `hknsav`s tapg ―Yigtik‟. Hnjahg ` qun ne rninptàiueg hn ouikgs oairgsigpags nenitrùmaigs hn j`rrahg pgsnnm um inmtïontrg iu`hr`hg, sn hnjn tr`t`r hn utaeaz`r um` i`mtah`h hasirnt` hn iamt` `e tgo`r e` ounstr`. Ya nstg mg cunr` pgsajen, havahar iuah`hgs`onmtn haik` iamt` nm iu`hrïiue`s hn o`mnr` hn cgro`r cgro`r um` braee`, tgo tgo`mhg `mhg iu`hr` iu`hr`hgs hgs rnprnsnm rnprnsnmt`tavgs. t`tavgs. Nvat`r e` o`m o`mapue`iaùm apue`iaùm nxinsav` hn e` iamt`. E`jgr`tgrags oàs `v`mz`hgs pgsnnm nm sus oairgsigpags nenitrùmaigs pe`tam`s oàs `opea`s nm e`s qun punhnm igegi`rsn gjdntgs h hn n haonmsa haonmsagmns gmns rne`tav`onm rne`tav`onmtn tn br`mhns. Vgr ndnopeg, nm munstrg p`ïs ne e`jgr`tgrag hn Bnmh`ronrï` M`iagm`e, iunmt` igm t`e nquap`oanmtg. E`s mgro`s `onrai`m`s @YXO igmtanmn um` buï` st`mh`rh p`r` `màeasas hn rnsahugs hn pùevgr` (@YXO N0>;;-1>), sam noj`rbg e`s hncamaiagmns y ie`sacai`iagmns igmsabm`h`s mg h`m um` vasaùm prgcumh` hne prgjeno` ` e` kgr` hn amtnrprnt`r ne rnsuet`hg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Cab. 1.34 1.34 Oairgsigpï` nenitrùmai` nenitrùmai` hn j`rrahg p`rtn supnragr gj gjsnrv`iaùm snrv`iaùm hn p`rtïiue` p`rtïiue`s, s, p`rtn amcnragr nspnitrg NH@[.
Jajeagbr`cï`.
@peai`iaùm hn e` nspnitrgcgtgon nspnitrgcgtgontrï` trï` hn @jsgriaùm @tùoai` y Oairgsigpï` nenitrùma` igm sgmh` NH[ nm e` amvnstab`iaùm hn rnstgs hn hnce`br`iaùm hn pùevgr`s. Z. Mantg, Y. Bagrbnra, I.@. M`rhg, M`rhg, V. Jrabmgens y E.@. Cnrr`ra. @ @it`s it`s hne
AA Igmbr Igmbrnsg nsg Amtnr Amtnrm`iagm`e m`iagm`e hn
Iraoam`eïstai`. V`r`mà, Nmtrn Zags, p. 02, :660 E` ounrtn vagenmt`. Z`ccg, Gsv`ehg. Nh. ^mavnrsah`h ^mavnrsah`h,, 01;6.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Znstgs hn hnce`br`iagmns. O`mune Bu`tneea nm Xr`t`hg hn Iraoam`eïstai` Iraoam`eïstai`.. Xgog AAAA.. E` Puïoai` @m`eïtai` nm e` Amvnstab`iaùm Amvnstab`iaùm hne H Hneatg. neatg. Nhatgra`e V Vgeaia`e, geaia`e, 01;9 01;9.. Ahnmtacai`tagm gc bumskgt rnsahun4 ` iratai`e rnvanw. C.Y.Zgogeg & V.O`rbgt. Cgrnmsai Yia. Amt. 001 (:) 01>-:00, :660 Xgxai Ont`es `mh tknar @m`eysas. N. Jnro`m. Nh. Knyhnm, 01;6 Cumh`onmt`es gc Iraoam`e Amvnstab`tagm Ik`rens G K`r`. Ik`rens I. Xkgo`s Vujeasknr, 0123 Bumskgt Rgumhs, Vr`itai`e @spnits carn`ros. J`eeastais `mh Cgrnmsai Xnikmaquns. Saminmt Hao`ag. Ik`p 0:. Nesnvanr Vuj. 01;>. Matratns Nx`oam`tagms am Vrgpnee`mt Vgwhnr Znsahun. R`tsgm H. D. @.C.X.N. (0)4 9:, 0121. Nx`oam`tagm gc Bumskgt Znsahuns. Ytgmn & Vntty I.Y. Cgrnmsai Yianmin. 01(8)4 2;8-2;;, 0128. @YXO-N0>;;-1>, YXO-N0>;;-1>, Yt`mh`rh buahn cgr bumskgt rnsahun `m`eysas jy si`mmamb nenitrgm oairgsigpy/ nmnrby haspnrsavn spnitrgsigpy. @onrai`m Ygianty cgr Xnstamb `mh O`tnra`es. Rnst Igmskgkgilnm. V@, pp.0663-066 pp.0663-066;, ;, 011>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I@VÏX^EG 06 O@MIK@Y KNO@XAI@Y.
@utgr4 Hr. Zghgecg Mantg, Vnratg hne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` @snsgrï` Vnraia`e hnpnmhanmtn hne Vghnr Duhaia`e hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns.
Amtrghuiiaùm. Ynbôm ne haiiagm`rag, sn nmtanmhn pgr o`mik` ` ―um` snð`e qun um` igs` k`in nm um iunrpg, nmsuiaàmhgeg‟. Hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` cgrnmsn, ne nstuhag hn e`s o`mik`s hn s`mbrn rnvastn um br`m amtnrás y` qun ` p`rtar hn ást`s, e`s táimai`s nopen`h`s kgy nm hï` pnroatnm eenb`r ` rnsuet`hgs hn br`m inrtnz` rnspnitg hn e` pnrsgm` ` p`rtar hn e` iu`e sn grabamù e` oaso`.
06.0 Jôsqunh` hn e`s pgsajens o`mik`s hn s`mbrn. E` oaso` hnjnrà snr suo`onmtn oamuiags` y` qun nst`s punhnm nmigmtr`rsn sgjrn iu`equanr supnrcaian y eub`r. Nm praonr eub`r hnjn igmsahnr`rsn qun um` o`mik` hn s`mbrn rnianmtn ns hn igegr rgdg jraee`mtn p`r`, pgstnragronmtn, var`r ` um igegr p`rhg-rgdazg y sam jraeeg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ne prginsg hn v`ra`iaùm hn su `spnitg hnpnmhn hn havnrsgs c`itgrns nmtrn egs iu`ens pghnogs onmiagm`r e` euz, e` tnopnr`tur`, e` kuonh`h y ne sgpgrtn sgjrn ne iu`e sn nmiunmtr` `snmt`h`. Nm nsn snmtahg, ne igegr hn e` oaso` ns um` i`r`itnrïstai` hn suog amtnrás y` qun sgjrn supnrcaians gsiur`s, pgr ndnopeg, e` jôsqunh` sunen igopeai`rsn y `quï k`y hgs nenonmtgs qun rnsuet`m hn utaeah`h4 ne nopeng hn euz igm hacnrnmtns àmbuegs y e` euz uetr`vagent`, `umqun ást` ôetao` mg ns `igmsnd`jen h`hg e`s `etnr`iagmns qun e` oaso` punhn gi`sagm`r ` mavne hne o`tnra`e bnmátaig. Gtr` pgsajaeah`h, e` igmstatuyn ne nopeng hn e`s rn`iiagmns hn granmt`iaùm, e`s iu`ens vnrnogs oàs `hne`mtn.
06.: Znigeniiaùm hn e`s ounstr`s. ^m tno` hn vat`e aopgrt`mia` nm nstn tapg hn nstuhags eg igmstatuyn nstn p`sg, y` qun hn um` igrrnit` tgo` hn ounstr` nm ne eub`r hne knikg hnpnmhnràm egs rnsuet`hgs gjtnmahgs. ^m h`tg ` tnmnr nm iunmt` snrà ne tapg hn supnrcaian sgjrn ne iu`e sn nmiunmtr` `snmt`h` e` o`mik` y `sï, pgr ndnopeg, sgjrn um` supnrcaian `jsgrjnmtn snrà cunrtnonmtn rntnmah` oanmtr`s qun sgjrn um` supnrcaian pamt`h` g um ogs`aig pueahg snrà càiae hn hnsprnmhnr. Nm iu`equanr` hn egs hgs i`sgs, um` pgsajaeah`h p`r` su gjtnmiaùm snrà nojnjnr um p`pne hn caetrg g um` tne` je`mi` hn `ebghùm igm sgeuiaùm casageùbai` (Y.C) g `bu` hnstae`h`, igegiàmhgeg sgjrn e` o`mik` y prnsagm`mhg igm iuah`hg. Vgstnragronmtn, ne nenonmtg utaeaz`hg sn hnd` sni`r nm igrranmtn hn `arn. V`r` `inenr`r nstn prginsg, punhn utaeaz`rsn um sni`hgr hn pneg, `umqun nst` gpnr`iaùm hnjn k`inrsn igm suog iuah`hg ` cam hn nvat`r gi`sagm`ren h`ðgs ` ianrtgs igopgmnmtns hn e` o`mik` qun pghrï`m, pgstnragronmtn, igopeai`r (iu`mhg mg aopgsajaeat`r) su `màeasas. Nm ne i`sg hn tr`t`rsn hn um` supnrcaian pueah`, um` `etnrm`tav` igmsastn nm r`sp`r e` supnrcaian igm `yuh` hn um jasturï, igenit`mhg ne o`tnra`e sgjrn um p`pne.
Iu`mhg sn tr`tn hn prnmh`s o`mik`h`s trns prni`uiagmns sgm cumh`onmt`ens4 @ ’ Mg hgje`r e`s prnmh`s prnmh`s kôonh`s kôonh`s y` qun pghrï` pghrï`m m o`mik`rsn zgm`s zgm`s qun mg eg ns nst`j`m. t`j`m. J ’ Hnd`re`s sni`r nm igmhaiagmns saoae`rns ` e`s nxpunst`s `mtnragronmtn. I ’ ^m` vnz sni`s, e`s prnmh`s hnjnm snr nmvunet`s prncnrnmtnonmtn prncnrnmtnonmtn nm p`pne o`hnr` y nm cgro` snp`r`h`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
S`en `ie`r`r qun iu`mhg ne sgpgrtn hn e` o`mik` ns t`e qun ne oasog punhn snr rnoatahg `e E`jgr`tgrag, nstn ns ne i`oamg ` snbuar bu`rh`mhg sanoprn e`s prni`uiagmns y` nmumia`h`s. Iu`ensquanr` Iu`ensquanr` sn` ne i`sg, su prgmt` rnoasaùm um` vnz gjtnmah` e` ounstr` ns ne prginhaoanmtg amhai`hg.
06.9 Nstuhag hn e`s o`mik`s hn s`mbrn. ^m` vnz rninpiagm`hg ne o`tnra`e nm ne e`jgr`tgrag, ne oasog sn prgins`rà snbôm ne sabuanmtn grhnm4 0’
Hnsirapiaùm hn e`s igmhaiagmns hn rnoasaùm.
:’ 9’
Hnsirapiaùm hn egs nenonmtgs ogtavg hn pnraia`. Zn`iiagmns hn granmt`iaùm.
8’
Zn`iiagmns hn inrtnz`.
>’
Hntnroam`iaù Hntnroam`iaùm m hn nspnian.
3’
Xapacai`iaùm4 Amvnstab`iaùm hne brupg s`mbuïmng, asgnmzao`s , sastno` KE@, @HM.
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Hnsirapiaùm hn e`s igmhaiagmns hn rnoasaùm4 E` hnsirapiaùm hn e`s igmhaiagmns nm e`s iu`ens e`s ounstr`s eenb`m `e e`jgr`tgrag
rnsuet` um p`sg hn suog amtnrás y` qun ne oasog hnjn iuopear ianrtgs rnquasatgs, nmtrn egs iu`ens punhnm onmiagm`rsn ne qun sn nmiunmtrnm igrrnit`onmtn rgtue`hgs y j`dg igmhaiagmns hn amvage`jaeah`h, amvage`jaeah`h, y` sn` onha`mtn e`irn g janm prniamtgs `hniu`hgs ` t`e ncnitg.
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Hnsirapiaùm hn egs nenonmtgs ogtavg hn pnraia`4 E` hnsirapiaùm hn egs nenonmtgs hnjn snr t`e qun nm e` oaso` sn hnst`qunm `qunee`s
i`r`itnrïstai`s qun pnroat`m su ahnmtacai`iaùm. E`s o`mik`s, nm e` onhah` hn eg pgsajen,
hnjnràm snr ―ujai`h`s‟ y nm nsn snmtahg, rnsuet` hn suo` utaeah`h `igop`ð`r e` hnsirapiaùm igm um nsquno` g cabur` hn i`h` nenonmtg nm egs iu`ens sn amhaqun e` pgsaiaùm hn e`s hacnrnmtns o`mik`s. Nm nstn p`sg, `e abu`e qun nm ne prninhnm prninhnmtn, tn, sgm suo`onmtn aeustr`tav`s e`s cgtgbr`cï`s.
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Zn`iiagmns hn granmt`iaùm4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E`s rn`iiagmns hn granmt`iaùm, t`e igog su mgojrn eg amhai`, hn snr pgsatav`s sgeg nxprns`m e` pgsajen prnsnmia` hn s`mbrn, `hquaranmhg um v`egr hncamatavg iu`mhg rnsuet`m mnb`tav`s, satu`iaùm nst` hnrav`h` hn su br`m snmsajaeah snmsajaeah`h. `h. E`s oaso`s `prgvnik`m e` `itavah`h pnrgxahàsai` pnrgxahàsai` hne brupg knog, e` iu`e sn pgmn nm nvahnmia` onha`mtn ne nopeng hn K:G: y rn`itavgs grbàmaigs qun p`s`ràm hn um` cgro` amigegr` ` gtr` igegrn`h` igegrn`h` g jan janm m euoamasinmtn euoamasinmtn.. Vghnogs rnprnsn rnprnsnmt`r mt`r eg `mtnhaik `mtnhaikg g hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 K:G: + pnrgxah`s` G + Zn`itavg rnhuiahg
K:G + G Zn`itavg gxah`hg (igegrn`hg g euoamasinm euoamasinmtn) tn)
Hnjnogs tnmnr nm iunmt` qun havnrs`s sust`mia`s pgsnnm um` `itavah`h saoae`r ` e` hne brupg knog y hn `eeï su amnspniacaiah`h. Nmtrn nee`s pghnogs onmiagm`r e`s pnrgxah`s`s hn grabnm vnbnt`e y e`s s`ens hn igjrn y mïqune. Nmtrn egs muonrgsgs rn`itavgs utaeaz`hgs p`r` e` rn`eaz`iaùm hn nst` prunj`, onmiagm`rnogss egs sabuanmtns (Cab. 06.0)4 onmiagm`rnog
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Nms`yg hn @henr 4
Nopen` jnmiaham` hasunet` nm àiahg `iátaig g janm nm um` onzie` hn nt`mge y ne onmiagm`hg àiahg. Nm i`sg hn snr pgsatav`s h`m igegr `zue g `zue-vnrhgsg. Yu snmsajaeah`h ns hn 04 :>6.666. ^m h`tg hn amtnrás y qun k` knikg qun e` oaso` i`ab` nm hnsusg ns e` `itavah`h i`riamgbámai` hn e` jnmiaham`. Ne rn`itavg sn prnp`r` nm ne ogonmtg hn us`r hasgevanmhg 6,60 ` 6,6>b. hne oasog nm 06 oe hn àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e.
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Nms`yg hn Vanrrn Onhambnr 4
^taeaz` igog rn`itavg e` enuigj`sn hne vnrhn hn o`e`quat`. Hn snr pgsatav` grabam` um igegr vnrhn amtnmsg. Ns um rn`itavg qun k` rnsbu`rhg hn e` euz pgsnn um` `inpt`jen nst`jaeah`h. Yu snmsajaeah`h ns hne grhnm hn 04066.666. Yn prnp`r` hasgevanmhg 0b. hn enuigj`sn nm >6 oe hn àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e, `haiagm`mhg ` igmtamu`iaùm 0>6 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`. Bu`rh`r nm cr`sigs hn igegr i`r`oneg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
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Zn`itavg hn L`sten ’ Onynr 4 Nopen` cnmgect`enïm` rnhuiah` nm onhag `ei`eamg grabam`mhg, hn snr pgsatav`, ne ieàsaig
igegr rgs`hg ’ rgdazg hn nstn igegr`mtn. Vgsnn hgs vnmt`d`s habm`s hn onmiaùm y qun eg tr`mscgro`m nm um rn`itavg `et`onmtn rnigonmh`jen4 su mgt`jen snmsajaeah`h (040.666.666) y qun ne onhag `ei`eamg neaoam` ouik`s hn e`s amtnrcnrnmia`s qun `cnit`m ` nstgs nms`ygs. Ne rn`itavg sn prnp`r` hasgevanmhg nm um o`tr`z :6b. hn LGK nm 066 oe hn K :G hnstae`h`, ` egs iu`ens sn `haiagm` ` igmtamu`iaùm :b. hn cnmgect`enïm` y :6b. hn zami nm pgevg. Yn igegi` um rncrabnr`mtn ` rnceudg y sn i`eanmt` k`st` hnigegr`iaùm. @ei`mz`hg nstn pumtg sn caetr` nm i`eanmtn rnigbanmhg ne eïquahg nm cr`sigs hn igegr i`r`oneg igmtnmanmhg zami nm pgevg. ^m hnt`een ` tnmnr nm iunmt`, ns qun e` br`m snmsajaeah`h hn nstn rn`itavg rnquanrn hn o`tnra`e nstrait`onmtn eaopag p`r` su prnp`r`iaùm y igmsnrv`iaùm. Iu`ensquanr` sn` ne rn`itavg ` nopen`r, sn punhn prginhnr t`e igog sn hnt`ee` ` igmtamu`iaù igmtamu`iaùm4 m4 `) @ bgt`s hn um o`inr`hg gjtnmahg hn e` o`mik` nm nstuhag nm Y.C. g `bu` hnstae`h`, sn `haiagm`m bgt`s hne rn`itavg y ` igmtamu`iaùm bgt`s hn K :G: `e 96%. E` `p`raiaùm hne igegr igrrnspgmhanmtn, snbôm ne i`sg, amhai` um` rn`iiaùm VGYAXAS@. j) ^m` pnqunð` ounstr` gjtnmah` hne o`tnra`e nm nstuhag sn igegi` nm um` iàpsue` hn Vntra, y sn en `haiagm`m bgt`s hne rn`itavg y ` igmtamu`iaùm bgt`s hn K:G: `e 96%. E` `p`raiaùm hne igegr igrrnspgmhanmtn `e rn`itavg nopen`hg amhai` um` rn`iiaùm VGYAXAS@. E` sniunmia` amhai`h` p`r` ne `brnb`hg hn egs rn`itavgs ns aopgrt`mtn y` qun nm `ebumgs i`sgs, nm cgro` prnva` ` e` `haiaùm hne K :G:, y` sn prghuin e` `p`raiaùm hne igegr prgpag hne amhai`hgr, satu`iaùm nst` qun mgs pnroatn hacnrnmia`r um` o`mik` supunst`onmtn hn s`mbrn hn gtr` qun mg eg ns. Nm t`e snmtahg, ne inonmtg ns um o`tnra`e qun prghuin nstn
tapg hn cnmùonmg. Cam`eonmtn, mg pghnogs hnd`r hn onmiagm`r ne nms`yg hne euoamge (>-`oamg-:,9hakahrgct`e`zamg-0,8-hagm`) ne iu`e o`macanst` um` rn`iiaùm pgsatav` onha`mtn e` `p`raiaùm hn quaoageuoamasinmia`. Znsuet` hn suo` utaeah`h p`r` e` egi`eaz`iaùm hn o`mik`s mg vasajens
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
nm supnrcaians br`mhns (pgr ndnopeg pasgs), e`s iu`ens sn rgiï`m igm ne rn`itavg. Vgsnn um` snmsajaeah`h hn 04>.666.666 y um` nenv`h` nspniacaiah`h `umqun e` oaso` mg ns tgt`e.
Cab. 06.04 06.04 cgro`s quïoai`s hn e`s enuigj`sns y sus cgro`s igegrn`h`s.
V`r` su nopeng sn hnjnm prnp`r`s hgs sgeuiagmns sgeuiagmns44 Ygeuiaùm @4 @4 6,0b hn euoamge y 6,>b hn M`IG 9K sn hasunevnm nm >6 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` y sn igegi`m nm um rniapanmtn mg ontàeaig. Ygeuiaùm J4 J4 Hasgevnr 0,8b hn pnrjgr`tg hn sghag tntr`kahr`tg nm >6 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` y igegi`r nm um rniapanmtn saoae`r `e `mtnragr. Nm ne ogonmtg hn nopen`r, vgeôonmns abu`ens hn `oj`s sgeuiagmns sn igegi`m nm um rgia`hgr mg ontàeaig. Hnjnogs Hnjnogs rnigrh`r qun ne euoamge rn`iiagm` igm ne kanrrg hne brupg brupg
knog y, pgr eg t`mtg, pghrï` rn`iiagm`r rn`iiagm`r igm gtrgs ont`ens hn oghg saoae`r. ^m` vnz prnp`r`h` e` onzie`, e` oaso` ns nst`jen hn 36 ` 16 oamutgs y hn `eeï qun rnsuetn igmvnmanmtn k`inreg nm pnqunð`s i`mtah`hns. Ya janm sn k`m hntnit`hg sust`mia`s amtnrcnrnmtns, nm bnmnr`e, e` amtnmsah`h, hur`iaùm y igegr hn nstgs c`esgs pgsatavgs mg sn igrrnspgmhnm igm `quneegs hn e` s`mbrn haeuïh`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
^m h`tg amtnrns`mtn eg igmstatuyn e` nst`jaeah`h hn e`s sgeuiagmns y su rne`iaùm igm e` tnopnr`tur` y `sï sn k` gjsnrv`hg qun sn gjtanmn junmgs rnsuet`hgs iu`mhg egs rn`itavgs sn igmsnrv`m snp`r`hgs hur`mtn :; hï`s ` ’0;´I g 8´I, hasoamuynmhg nstn pnrïghg ` :0 hï`s sa e` tnopnr`tur` `sianmhn ` 92´I.
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Zn`iiagmns hn inrtnz`4 Ygm `qunee`s qun mgs pnroatnm `caro`r qun um` o`mik` ns hn s`mbrn g janm
hnsi`rt`r ns` pgsajaeah`h. I`sa e` tgt`eah`h hn egs nstuhags hn nstn tapg sn j`s`m nm e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hne brupg knog hn e` knogbegjam`. E` nxinpiaùm e` igmstatuyn e` jôsqunh` hn egs nenonmtgs cgrons hn e` s`mbrn, t`e igog egs beùjuegs je`migs y/g rgdgs, knikg nstn qun mg ns igoôm nm e`jgr`tgrags cgrnmsns. Nmtrn e`s havnrs`s táimai`s qun sn k`m hnsiraptg, pghnogs onmiagm`r e`s sabuanmtns4 Irast`ens hn Xnaiko`m4 Xnaiko`m4 Yn j`s` nm e` gjtnmiaùm hn egs irast`ens hn kno`tam` g knoam`. E` oaso` sn rn`eaz` hnd`mhg i`nr um` bgt` hn um o`inr`hg hn e` o`mik` nm `bu` hnstae`h` g Y.C. nm ne inmtrg hn um pgrt`gjdntgs e` qun sn eenv` ` snqunh`h i`enmt`mhg sgjrn um oniknrg nm cgro` su`vn (e` tnopnr`tur` mg hnjn supnr`r egs 36´I.), rnpatanmhg e` gpnr`iaùm (bgt`-sni`hg) hn hgs ` trns vnins (Cab. 06.:). Yn iujrn igm um iujrngjdntgs y eunbg, pgr i`pae`rah`h, sn `haiagm` àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e (`e qun hnjn `haiagm`rsn IeM` nm um` igminmtr`iaùm abu`e `e 6.0% nm i`sg hn k`jnr prnp`r`hg ne o`inr`hg igm `bu` hnstae`h`) y ` igmtamu`iaùm i`enmt`r hn o`mnr` `ebg oàs nmárbai` ` e` `mtnragr. Znpntar e` gpnr`iaùm um` vnz y eunbg gjsnrv`r `e oairgsigpag. E` gjsnrv`iaùm hn irast`ens hn igegr i`st`ðg ` i`st`ðg ie`rg y igm cgro` hn praso`s `e`rb`hgs
` rùojaigs, amhai` um` rn`iiaùm pgsatav`. ^m` oghacai`iaùm habm` hn snr onmiagm`h` ns e` hn Jnrtr`mh, p`r` e` iu`e sn nopen` ne sabuanmtn rn`itavg4 Ie:Ob 0b., `bu` hnstae`h` 0 oe, beainrge (96% v/v) >b. y àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e :6 oe. E` táimai` sn hns`rrgee` hn o`mnr` saoae`r ` e` `mtnragr pnrg `kgr` gjsnrv`rnogs irast`ens `ebg oàs pnqunðgs.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Cab. 06.:4 Irast`ens hn Xnaiko`m. Irast`ens hn X`l`y`o`4 X`l`y`o`4 Yn j`s` nm e` gjtnmiaùm hn egs irast`ens hn parahamg-knogirgoùbnmg. Ne knogirgoùbnmg ns um hnrav`hg gjtnmahg pgr e` hnsm`tur`eaz`iaùm y rnhuiiaùm igmsniutav` hn e` knogbegjam` g hn e` gxaknogbegjam`, e` iu`e pgstnragronmtn igm um` j`sn grabam` e`s cgro`s irast`eam`s tïpai`s hn nstn hnrav`hg. Ne rn`itavg ` nopen`r nstà cgro`hg pgr > oe hn um` sgeuiaùm hn beuigs` `e 06%, 06 oe hn KGM` `e 06%, :6 oe hn paraham` y `bu` hnstae`h` nm i`mtah`h sucaianmtn p`r` 066 oe Yn prginhn hn oghg saoae`r `e hnsiraptg prninhnmtnonmtn, `umqun ne i`enmt`oanmtg hnjnrà snr su`vn eunbg hne `brnb`hg hne rn`itavg. Vgstnragronmtn gjsnrv`r `e oairgsigpag. E` prnsnmia` hn irast`ens hn igegr rgs`hg y igm cgro` hn knenikgs, paminens g nspam`s amhai` rn`iiaùm pgsatav`. Gtr` táimai` hn suo` utaeah`h ns `qunee` qun nopen` e` irgo`tgbr`cï` nm pe`i` hneb`h`, e` iu`e sn j`s` nm e` gjtnmiaùm hn Zc abu`ens abu`ens p`r` um nxtr`itg h hn n e` o`mik` nm nstuhag y gtrg prnp`r`hg ` p`rtar hn um` ounstr` hn s`mbrn (haeuï` 040666 nm Y.C.).
Igog rn`itavg rnvne`hgr sn punhn nopen`r um` sgeuiaùm hn enuigj`sn hne vnrhn hn o`e`quat` nm nt`mge `e 0% `haiagm`hg hn àiahg `iátaig ` um` igminmtr`iaùm cam`e hne 6.>% (prnp`r`h` nm ne ogonmtg) y K:G: `e 3%. Igog c`sn nst`iagm`ra` punhn utaeaz`rsn saeai`bne B y igog c`sn oùvae ne sgevnmtn cgro`hg pgr ont`mge 4 àiahg `iátaig 4 `bu` hnstae`h` nm e` rne`iaùm 16 4 9 4 2. I`rb`r e` iuj` irgo`tgbràcai` igm e` onzie` y `bu`rh`r mg onmgs hn 96 oamutgs `mtns hn igegi`r e` pe`i`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Yn sanojr`m e`s ounstr`s ` nstuha`r, ne tnstabg y sn hns`rrgee` ne irgo`tgbr`o`. Eunbg sn rntar` e` oaso` hn e` iuj` y sn eenv` ` 066´I hur`mtn > oamutgs, gpnr`iaùm nst` qun pnroatn e` hnstruiiaùm hn e`s pnrgxah`s`s hn grabnm vnbnt`e pnrg o`mtnmaámhgsn `qunee` hn e` s`mbrn. Eunbg rgia`r e` pe`i` igm ne rn`itavg hne vnrhn hn o`e`quat` y ` igmtamu`iaùm igm ne K:G:. E` rn`iiaùm sn igmsahnr` pgsatav` sa sn gjsnrv` e` `p`raiaùm hn o`mik`s hn igegr vnrhn hn Zc 6,2 ` 6,;.
06.8 Hntnroam`iaùm hn nspnian. ^m` vnz igmcaro`h` e` prnsnmia` hn s`mbrn sn prginhn ` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn e` nspnian hn e` oaso`, oaso`, igm ne gjdntg hn nst`jeninr sa ns ns kuo`m` g mg. Nst`s rn`iiagmn rn`iiagmnss `hquanrnm um` p`rtaiue`r p`rtaiue`r aopgrt`mia` aopgrt`mia` nm ianrtgs i`sgs igog, pg pgrr ndnopeg, hn kgoaia kgoaiahag hag nm egs iu`ens sn k` nopen`hg um `ro` je`mi`, y` qun hn snr pgsatav`s, pgr um e`hg amhai`m e` prnsnmia` hn s`mbrn kuo`m` y, pgr gtrg, k`jaeat`m e` amvnstab`iaùm hn p`ràontrgs igmhuinmtns ` e` ahnmtacai`iaù ahnmtacai`iaùm m hne amhavahug hne iu`e prginhn e` s`mbrn nmigmtr`h`. Hn snr mnb`tav`s, nm i`ojag, hnjnràm tnmnrsn nm iunmt` um` snran hn c`itgrns hn aopgrt`mia`4 nm praonr eub`r hnjnrà nv`eu`rsn e` pgsajaeah`h hne usg hn `mtasunrgs igmtr` havnrs`s nspnians `mao`ens y` qun nst` igmstatuyn, nm e` o`ygrï` hn egs i`sgs, e` ômai` o`mnr` hn igmst`t`r qun e` s`mbrn mg ns kuo`m`. Vgr gtrg e`hg, hnjnràm tnmnrsn nm iunmt` e`s igmhaiagmns hn e` o`mik` nm nstuhag y` qun su `mtabõnh`h, prnsnmia` hn kgmbgs, putrnc`iiaùm nti., sgm nenonmtgs qun punhnm subnrar e` hnbr`h`iaùm hn egs nenonmtgs nspniïcaigs ` hntnroam`r. X`ojaám hnjnrà igmsahnr`rsn e` i`mtah`h hn o`tnra`e ` nstuha`r y` qun mg punhn hnsi`rt`rsn qun e` oaso`
rnsuetn amsucaianmtn p`r` e`s rn`iiagmns ` pr`itai`r. Nm eg qun rnspnt` ` e` hntnroam`iaùm nm sï, umg hn egs oátghgs, `j`mhgm`hg nm e` `itu`eah`h, sn j`s` nm e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn egs nenonmtgs cgrons hn e` s`mbrn t`ens igog beùjuegs rgdgs, je`migs y / g pe`qunt`s.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Kgy nm hï` sn nopen`m egs oátghgs qun utaeaz`m egs hnmgoam`hgs sunrgs `mtakuo`mgs, ns hniar, sunrgs i`p`ins hn rn`iiagm`r nspniïcai`onmtn igm nenonmtgs hn e` s`mbrn (prgtnïm`s). Ygm rn`iiagmns hn tapg `mtïbnmg-`mtaiunrpg y h`hg egs mgt`jens `hne`mtgs rn`eaz`hgs nm o`tnra` hn `mtaiunrpgs ogmgiegm`en ogmgiegm`ens, s, egs rnsuet`hgs gjtnmahgs sgm `et`onmtn igmca`jens. Hn oghg saoae`r punhnm nopen`rsn `mtasunrgs i`p`ins hn rn`iiagm`r igm s`mbrn prginhnmtn hn gtr`s nspnians, `igmsndàmhgsn, nspnia`eonmtn, ne usg hn `quneegs igmtr` `mao`ens hgoástaigs g hn i`opg igog pnrrg, b`tg, `vns hn igrr`e, b`m`hg gvamg, jgvamg, pgriamg, nti.
06.8.0 Nms`yg hn e`s prniapatam`s. prniapatam`s. Igog sn onmiagmù `mtnragronmtn, nstgs `màeasas igmsastnm nm um` rn`iiaùm `mtïbnmg-`mtaiunrpg vasu`eazàmhgsn e` oaso` onha`mtn e` cgro`iaùm hn um prniapat`hg (hn `eeï su mgojrn) g janm, igog giu giurrn rrn igm lats igonria`ens, pgr e` `p`raiaùm hn j` j`mh`s mh`s igegrn`h`s. Nmtrn e`s igmhaiagmns qun hnjn iuopear ne `mtasunrg ` nopen`r punhnm onmiagm`rsn4 nstnraeah`h< qun sn nmiunmtrn eajrn hn turjanh`h, nm nsn snmtahg e` prnsnmia` hn e` oaso` k`in hns`igmsnd`jen su utaeaz`iaùm< nspniacaiah`h, ns hniar, hnjn rn`iiagm`r igm ounstr`s prginhnmtns hn e` nspnian `mao`e igmtr` e` iu`e cun prnp`r`h`. Cam`eonmtn, punhn hnst`i`rsn ne tïtueg hne `mtasunrg igog um h`tg hn aopgrt`mia` sanmhg `qune hn 0406.666 ne `igmsnd`hg. Nm nsn snmtahg, um` cgro` hn hntnroam`r ne tïtueg hne `mtasunrg ns e` sabuanmtn4 prnp`r`r haeuiagmns hne sunrg ` nopen`r nm Y.C., pgr ndnopeg hn 040.666 ` 04 9:.666 nm
cgro` snra`h`. @ igmtamu`iaùm, igmtamu`iaùm, nm tujgs hn knoùeasas `haiagm`r >6 ¾e hne `mtasunrg nm nstuhag y eunbg, igm suog iuah`hg ` cam hn nvat`r qun sn onzienm, 066 ¾e hn e`s hacnrnmtns haeuiagmns ` nms`y`r y hnd`r nm rnpgsg. E` `p`raiaùm `mtns hn egs :6 oamutgs hn um `maeeg nm e` amtnrc`sn sunrg-`mtasunrg , amhai` um` rn`iiaùm pgsatav` sanmhg `igmsnd`jen e` utaeaz`iaùm hn um cgmhg gsiurg n aeuoam`iaùm `hniu`h` `hniu`h` ` cam hn egbr`r um` ondgr vasu`eaz`iaùm (Cab.06.9).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Cab. 06.94 06.94 Zn`iiaùm hn Vrniapat`iaùm Vrniapat`iaùm.. @sï, e` rniïprgi` hn e` ôetao` haeuiaùm qun ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn prghuin um` rn`iiaùm vasajen nm ne tanopg onmiagm`hg snrà ne tïtueg hne `mtasunrg.
Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`4 ounstr`4 Yn rn`eaz` um` haeuiaùm nopen`mhg Ygeuiaùm casageùbai` sanmhg e` igminmtr`iaùm `hniu`h` hn 040.666. @ oghg hn ndnopeg punhn nstao`rsn qun 0 io : hn tne` o`mik`h` hnjn neuarsn nm 0 oe hn e` iat`h` sgeuiaùm. Xáimai`s p`r` e` amvnstab`iaùm hn nspnian4
Oátghg hne tujg4 Yn prginhn t`e igog sn amhaiù `mtnragronmtn p`r` e` v`egr`iaùm hne `mtasunrg, igm e` s`evnh`h qun nm eub`r hne sunrg haeuahg `kgr` igegi`ogs 066 ¾e hne o`inr`hg hn e` ounstr`
nm nstuhag. ^m` v`ra`mtn hn nst` táimai` ns `qunee` qun nopen` i`pae`rns nm eub`r hn tujgs. V`r` neeg, umg hn egs nxtrnogs nxtrnogs hne i`pae` i`pae`rr sn suonrbn nm ne `m `mtasunrg tasunrg y ` igmtamu` igmtamu`iaùm iaùm nm ne o`inr`hg. Eunbg sn snee` ne gtrg nxtrnog igm pe`staeam` g janm igm i`egr. Nm ne ôetaog i`sg hnjnrà prginhnrsn igm suog iuah`hg ` cam hn nvat`r prgyniiagmns. Xáimai`s hn hacusaùm nm `b`r 4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
^m` hn e`s vnmt`d`s hn ást` táimai` igmsastn nm ne nsi`sg igmsuog hn `mtasunrg nopen`hg `e tanopg qun pnroatn ne prgins`oanmtg hn um junm môonrg hn ounstr`s nm cgro` saouetàmn`. V`r` su rn`eaz`iaùm sn prnp`r` um` sgeuiaùm hn `b`r `e 0-:% nm `bu` hnstae`h` y ` igmtamu`iaùm igm ne `uxaeag hn um` papnt` sn `haiagm`m > oe hn e` oaso` sgjrn um pgrt`gjdntg hn oghg t`e hn egbr`r um` i`p` umacgron. Hnjnogs `ie`r`r qun e` tnopnr`tur` hne `b`r hnjn snr prùxao` ` `qunee` hn su cusaùm y ne `brnb`hg snrà enmtg y iuah`hgsg ` cam hn nvat`r qun ne oasog sn hnrr`on. ^m` vnz cgro`hg ne bne hn `b`r sn prginhn ` pr`itai`r gracaiags nm ne oasog puhanmhg utaeaz`r p`r` neeg um s`i`jgi`hg. Nm e` cabur` sn hnt`ee` e` hastrajuiaùm hn egs oasogs4 @mtasunrg Ounstr`
Ounstr` @ mtasunrg
E` i`mtah`h hn gracaiags nm tgrmg `e inmtr`e hnpnmhnrà hn e` i`mtah`h hn ounstr` y hn e` k`jaeah`h hne hne gpnr`hgr puhan puhanmhg mhg rnpntarsn e` cgro cgro`iaùm `iaùm hgs ` trns vnins pgr pe`i` pe`i`.. X`mtg ne `mtasunrg igog e`s ounstr`s punhnm `haiagm`rsn onha`mtn ne nopeng hn papnt`s V`stnur g janm i`pae`rns igm iuah`hg hn mg rnj`es`r egs kgyunegs. Nmtrn ounstr` y ounstr` hnjnrà i`oja`rsn ne nenonmtg us`hg g janm rn`eaz`r um junm nmdu`bun hne oasog igm Y.C. Cam`eaz`h` e` gpnr`iaùm sn igegi` e` pe`i` nm iào`r` kôonh` y sn
eenv` ` nstuc` ` 92´I hur`mtn :8 ks. Eunbg sn prginhn ` e` enitur` hn egs rnsuet`hgs sanmhg pgsatavg `qunee`s nm e`s iu`ens sn gjsnrvn um k`eg hn prniapat`iaùm nmtrn e` ounstr` y ne `mtasunrg (Cab. (Cab. 06.8). E` enitur enitur` ` hnjnrà k` k`inrsn inrsn
onha`mtn ne nopeng hn hnee euz y cgmhg
`hniu`hg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Cab. 06.84 Oátghg hn Gutiknregmy.
Oátghg nenitrgcgrátaig4 Nst` táimai` mgs pnroatn ncnitu`r ne nms`yg nm cgro` ràpah` y igm rnsuet`hgs s`tasc`itgrags. Jàsai`onmtn, e` táimai` punhn nxpeai`rsn hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 ne `mtasunrg igegi`hg nm um gracaiag prùxaog `e àmghg ns nmcrnmt`hg igm um nxtr`itg s`mbuïmng ujai`hg nm um kgyuneg hne e`hg hne iàtghg. Egs `mtïbnmgs prnsnmtns nm ne nxtr`itg sgm cumh`onmt`eonmtn `ejôoam` y `ec` y jnt` begjueam`s, oanmtr`s qun egs `mtaiunrp `mtaiunrpgs gs prnsnmtns nm ne `mtasu `mtasunrg nrg sgm pramiap`eon pramiap`eonmtn mtn b`oo` begjueam`s. begjueam`s. E` nenitrgcg nenitrgcgrnsas rnsas i`us` um ogvaoanmtg `m `mùhaig ùhaig y `e oaso oasog g tanopg um
ceudg nmhgsoùtaig k`ia` ne iàtghg ne iu`e sn bnmnr` nm ne ogvaoanmtg hne eïquahg nm snmtahg igmtr`rag `e hn e` oabr`iaùm hn e` igrranmtn.
Hn eg nxpunstg surbn qun oanmtr`s e` igrranmtn neáitrai` ―`rr`str`‟ egs `mtïbnmgs hne nxtr`itg s`mbuïmng k`ia` ne àmghg, e`s b`oo` begjueam`s eg k`inm k`ia` ne iàtghg, pnrg aopues`h`s pgr ne ceudg nmhgsoùtaig.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Ygjrn um pgrt`gjdntg eaopag y hnsnmbr`s`hg vnrtar : ` :,> ii hn sgeuiaùm hn `b`r `e 6,: %. Ne `b`r `b`r ` utaeaz` utaeaz`rr hnjnrà ssnr nr br`hg n nenitrgcgrátaig enitrgcgrátaig ig igm m j`d` nenitrg nenitrgnmhgsogsas, nmhgsogsas, prgpanh`hns hn suo` aopgrt`mia` p`r` e` táimai` ` nopen`r. Hnd`r 96 ` 86 oamutgs ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn y eunbg eenv`r ` nstuc` ` 3>´I pgr 16 oamutgs. @ igmtamu`iaùm `haiagm`r ` nst` i`p` 8,> oe hn `b`r `e :% hn oghg t`e qun nst` tnmb` um nspnsgr hn : oo . Vgstnragronmtn pr`itai`r gracaiags nm e` i`p` hn `b`r t`e igog sn amhaiù `mtnragronmtn y snbôm e` sabuanmtn hastrajuiaùm. Egs gracaiags hnjnm tnmnr um haàontrg hn 0.> ` 0.; oo y snp`r`hgs, hn ` p`rns, um` hast`mia` hn 9 oo.
Vgeg pgsatavg (+)
(-) Vgeg mnb`tavg
^m` vnz igopent`h` e` pe`i` igegi`r ne `mtasunrg hn azquanrh` ` hnrnik` nm egs gracaiags hn e`s kaenr`s 0r`., 9 r`., > t`. y 2o` y e`s ounstr`s nm egs gracaiags rnst`mtns, hn oghg t`e qun egs eïquahgs qunhnm `e r`s pnrg sam rnj`es`r. @ igmtamu`iaùm `brnb`r ne juccnr nm e` iuj` nenitrgcgrátai` y igegi`r ne pgrt`gjdntgs hnjanmhg qunh`r e`s igeuom`s igm ne `mtasunrg hne e`hg hne àmghg. ^m` vnz ujai`h` e` pe`i`
k`inr igm p`pne `jsgrjnmtn egs punmtns igrrnspgmhanmtns nmtrn e`s oaso`s y egs nenitrghgs. Ncnitu`r e` igrrah` nenitrgcgrátai` snbôm e`s sabuanmtns igmhaiagmns4 0>6 vgetags :6 oamutgs (`prgxao`h`onmtn 0> o@op). E` `p`raiaùm hn um k`eg hn prniapat`iaùm nmtrn e` ounstr` y ne `mtasunrg amhai` um` rn`iiaùm pgsatav`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
^m` vnz enïhgs egs rnsuet`hgs, punhn rnvne`rsn e` pe`i` hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 Yuonrbar ne pgrt`gjdntgs nm sgeuiaùm hn IeM` 0 O hur`mtn um` mgikn y eunbg e`v`r igm `bu` hur`mtn > oamutgs (p`r` t`e gpnr`iaùm, e` pe`i` sn suonrbn nm um` iuj` igmtnmanmhg `bu` hnstae`h` hndàmhge` hndàmhge` ne tanopg oniagm`hg). @ igmtamu`iaùm sni`r g janm igegi`r p`pne hn caetrg Rk`to`m M´0 sgjrn ne bne y eenv`r ` 36´I. Nst` gpnr`iaùm hnjnrà snr ncnitu`h` igm suog iuah`hg ` cam hn mg h`ð`r ne bne. Zntar`r ne p`pne sanmhg igmvnmanmtn qun sn nmiunmtrn kôonhg. Igmieuïh` nst` gpnr`iaùm sn nxpgmn e` pe`i` ` e` `iiaùm hn e` sgeuiaùm igegr`mtn (vnr oàs `hne`mtn) hur`mtn > oamutgs. Xr`msiurrahg nsn e`psg, neaoam`r ne nxinsg hn nst` sgeuiaùm igm sgeuiaùm hn e`v`hg (vnr oàs `hne`mtn), h`mhg pgr igmieuïh` nst` gpnr`iaùm iu`mhg sn gjsnrv` e` `p`raiaùm hn j`mh`s hn igegr `zue sgjrn um cgmhg ie`rg. Hn prghuiarsn prniapat`hgs amnspniïcaigs amnspniïcaigs sn `igmsnd` haeuar ne g egs nxtr`itgs. Zn`itavgs4 y :% nm `bu` jahnstae`h` / hn hnsagmaz`h`. sagmaz`h`. @b`r p`r` • @b`r `e 6,: % amoumgnenitrgcgrnsas amoumgnenitrg cgrnsas Gxgah. hantaej`rjatôraig raig 0,06 b< e`it`tg • Juccnr bne pK ;,3 4 J`rjatur`tg hn Yghag 2,66 b < àiahg hantaej`rjatô hn i`eiag 0,66 b y `bu` jahnstae`h` isp. 0 e. Igmsnrv`r ` 8´I.
• Bne hn `b`r o onzie`r nzie`r vg vgeôonmns eôonmns abu`ens hn `b `b`r `r `e :% y Juccnr bn bnee Iuj` ` pK ;,3, j`rj j`rjatur`tg atur`tg hn sghag ; ;,23b ,23b < àiahg ha hantaej`rjatôraig ntaej`rjatôraig 0,9;b< e` e`it`tg it`tg • Juccnr Iuj hn i`eiag 6,9; b< `bu` jahnstae`h` isp 0 e igmsnrv`r ` 8´ I.
• Ygeuiaùm 0 O hn iegrurg hn sghag. hasgevnregss nm 066 oe hn sgeuiaùm hn • Ygeuiaùm igegr`mtn, 6,06 b hn mnbrg `oahg 06 J y hasgevnreg e`v`hg, e` qun nstà igmstatuïh` pgr ont`mge4 `bu` jahnstae`h`4 àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e nm e` rne`iaùm 864 >6406. ^m` v`ra`mtn hn nst` táimai` nopen` um juccnr (pK ;,8) igmstatuahg pgr4 traiam` ( sabo` X6922) 8,> b (6,6:> O)< tras j`sn ( sabo` X-0>69) 1 b (6,628 O)< `bu` jahnstae`h` isp 0 Et.
X`ojaám punhn nopen`rsn e` sabuanmtn onzie`4 beaiam` (sabo` B 20:3) :0,; b < tras j`sn 8,> b y `bu` jahnstae`h` isp 0Et . Nm nst` táimai` sn nopen` `b`r `e 6,: % pnrg, ` igmtamu`iaùm, sn utaeaz` um` sgeuiaùm hn `b`rgs` `e 0% nm umg hn egs juccnr hnsiraptg prnva`onmtn. Ne rnstg hn e` ontghgegbï` ns ahámtai` ` e` y` hnt`ee`h`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Vgr gtr` p`rtn, p`r` nstn tapg hn nstuhag kgy nm hï` punhnm nopen`rsn lat igonria`ens hnstam`hgs `e `màeasas hn s`mbrn giuet` nm o`tnra` cni`e, egs iu`ens gcrninm ouy junmgs rnsuet`hgs y pgsnnm nmtrn sus vnmt`d`s e` vnegiah`h nm e` hntnroam`iaùm. @sï, pgr ndnopeg, ne Kno-iknil-0 (Snh` E`j-Cr`min) nopen` um` ômai` igojam`iaùm hn `mtaiunrpg ogmgiegm`e igmdub`hg y `mtaiunrpg ogmgiegm`e nm c`sn sùeah` p`r` ahnmtacai`r knogbegjam` kuo`m`, rn`eaz`mhgsá ne tnst nm t`m sgeg 06 oamutgs. Nst` hntnroam`iaùm ns hn i`ràitnr prnsumtavg. Amvnstab`iaùm hn brupg s`mbuïmng4
^m` vnz igmst`t`h` e` nspnian hn e` ounstr` hn s`mbrn nm nstuhag sn prginhn ` su tapacai`iaùm, puhanmhg hntnroam`rsn p`r` t`e cam ne brupg s`mbuïmng (sastno`s @JG, OM, nti.), p`trùm hn asgnmzao`s, prgtnïm`s pgeaoùrcai`s y @HM. Igm tnst hn ástn tapg, sam ne `màeasas hn @HM, e` prgj`jaeah`h tïpai` qun um` panz` nspniïcai` mg pnrtnmnzi` ` um sgspnikgsg p`rtaiue`r nstà nm ne r`mbg hn 04066 ` 0406.666 hnpnmhanmhg hn e`s prgtnïm`s p`rtaiue`rns y ne môonrg hn e`s oaso`s nstuha`h`s. Vgr gtr` p`rtn, ne usg hn @HM pgeaoùrcaig punhn rnsuet`r nm prgj`jaeah`hns t`m j`d`s igog 0406 01 qun hgs ounstr`s igtnd`h`s mg sn`m hn um oasog amhavahug. Yastno` @JG4 Nm e`s o`mik`s hn s`mbrn sni` egs beùjuegs rgdgs nm bnmnr`e nstàm hnstruahgs, sam noj`rbg, egs `mtïbnmgs rnspgms`jens hn e` nspniacaiah`h hn brupg o`mtanmnm su i`p`iah`h p`r` rn`iiagm`r igm egs `mtaiunrpgs nspniïcaigs. Ie`rg nstà qun, nm ást`s igmhaiagmns, e`s táimai`s hn `beutam`iaùm harnit` mg sgm `peai`jens. Vunhnm amvnstab`rsn t`mtg e`s `beutamam`s (`mtaiunrpgs `mta-@ y `mta-J) igog egs `beutamùbnmgs @, J y G. Vgr snr e`s oàs utaeaz`h`s sn hnt`ee`ràm `qunee`s táimai`s granmt`h`s ` hntnit`r e` prnsnmia` hn egs ôetaogs.
Oátghg hn `jsgriaùm ’ amkajaiaùm4 Nst` táimai` punhn utaeaz`rsn mg sgeg nm o`mik`s hn s`mbrn, samg t`ojaám nm gtrgs ceuahgs jageùbaigs t`ens igog s`eav` y snonm. Jàsai`onmtn ne oátghg igmsastn nm nmcrnmt`r e` o`mik` nm nstuhag igm um `mtasunrg hn tïtueg igmgiahg, `e iu`e tr`msiurrahg um ianrtg tanopg sn eg rntatue`rà. ^m` hasoamuiaùm hne tïtueg grabam`e amhai`rà e` prnsnmia` hne `mtïbnmg amvnstab`hg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@sï, sa sa has hasoamu oamuyn yn `q `qune une iigrr grrnspg nspgmhan mhanmtn mtn ` `ee sun sunrg rg ` `mtamta-@, @, e` o ounst unstr` r` pn pnrtnm rtnmninr ninrà à `e brup brupg g @, ssaa eg k`in nm ne `mta-J snrà J, y, sa hasoamuynr` nm `ojgs, snrà @J. Hn mg gjsnrv`rsn hasoamuiaùm nm mambumg hn egs hgs `mtasunrgs, e` ounstr` snrï` G, `umqun hnjnrà igmcaro`rsn pgr gtr` ontghgegbï` h`hg qun egs `beutamùbnmgs pghrï`m nst`r hnstruahgs.
V`r` e` rn`eaz`iaùm hn e` táimai` sn prginhn hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 Igrt`r 0 io : hn tne` o`mik`h` y havahareg ` e` oat`h, rnpatanmhg nst` gpnr`iaùm igm um` zgm` hn e` tne` mg o`iue`h` e` iu`e gcaia`rà igog je`mig. @ i`h` umg hn egs trgzgs sn egs igegi` nm um` pgeaiujnt` t`e igog sn amhai` nm e` sabuanmtn cabur`4
Ounstr`
Je`mig
Je`mig
Ounstr`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@haiagm` haiagm`rr ` egs hgs prao praonrgs nrgs tr trgzgs gzgs hn tn tne` e` : bgt`s hn su sunrg nrg `mt `mta-@ a-@ y ` egs hgs ôeta ôetaogs ogs um` bgt` hn sunrg `mta-J. Haikgs `mtasunrgs hnjnràm snr prnva`onmtn tatue`hgs y e` haeuiaùm ` nopen`r hnjn snr t`e, qun sn prghuzi` um` `beutam`iaùm vasajen k`st` e` ôetao` haeuiaùm ` rn`eaz`r nm nst` táimai`. Nm nsn snmtahg hab`ogs qun egs `utgrns amhai`m e` haeuiaùm hn 0 4 9: igog `qunee` ` nopen`r pnrg ns `igmsnd`jen e` tatue`iaùm prnva` ` cam hn nvat`r amigmvnmanmtns. @ igmt igmtamu` amu`iaùm iaùm sn cr`b cr`bonmt onmt`m `m e`s cajr cajr`s `s igm e` `yuh `yuh` ` hn `bud `bud`s `s hn hasn hasniiaù iiaùm m igonmz`mhg sanoprn pgr ne je`mig. Eunbg hn i`h` ounstr` ns igmvnmanmtn i`oja`r e`s `bud`s g janm nmdu`b`re`s. Eunbg igegi`r e`s pe`i`s nm iào`r` kôonh` y hnd`r um` kgr` ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn. Xr`siurrahg nsn e`psg prginhnr ` rntatue`r egs `mtasunrgs. V`r` neeg `haiagm`r ` i`h` kgyuneg hn e` pgeaiujnt` um` bgt` hn Y.C. y ` igmtamu`iaùm tgo`r um` bgt` hne `mtasunrg nm igmt`itg igm e` ounstr` y `haiagm`reg ` e` praonr` bgt` hn Y.C. Onzie`re`s y p`s`r um` bgt` hn nst` haeuiaùm ` e` sabuanmtn igmi`vah`h prginhanmhg hn abu`e o`mnr` k`st` e` ôetao` hn nst`, hn oghg t`e hn gjtnmnr haeuiagmns snra`h`s `e onhag. Ns igmvnmanmtn pr`itai`r mg onmgs hn 2 haeuiagmns p`r` i`h` ounstr`. Vrginhnr hn abu`e o`mnr` igm ne je`mig y ne rnstg hn e`s ounstr`s igm e` prni`uiaùm hn nmdu`b`r janm ne o`tnra`e nopen`hg nmtrn ounstr` y ounstr`. Vgstnragronmtn, `haiagm`r ` e`s haeuiagmns hn e`s ounstr`s y je`mig nm e`s qun sn amvnstab` ne `beutamùbnmg @ um` suspnmsaùm hn beùjuegs rgdgs @ nm Y.C. `e 0,>% . Ns `igmsnd`jen e`v`r prnva`onmtn egs beùjuegs rgdgs 9 vnins nm Y.C. prnvag ` e` prnp`r`iaùm hn e` suspnmsaùm. Znpntar e` gpnr`iaùm p`r` `qunee`s ounstr`s y je`migs nm e`s iu`ens sn amvnstab` ne `beutamùbnmg J, pnrg igm um` suspnmsaùm hn beùjuegs rgdgs J. Igopent`h` nst` gpnr`iaùm `bat`r igm iuah`hg hn mg onzie`r egs igmtnmahgs hn e`s igmi`vah`hns n amiuj`r nm iào`r` kôonh` gjsnrv`mhg, g mg, e` prnsnmia` hn `beutam`iaùm i`h` 06 ` 0> oamutgs `bat`mhg nm i`h` i`sg y pgr um e`psg hn 96 oamutgs.
E` `usnmia` hn `beutam`iaùm nm um` hn e`s ounstr`s g um` hasoamuiaùm hn mg onmgs hn 9 igmi`vah`hns hne tïtueg nm nst` rnspnitg hn su je`mig amhai` e` prnsnmia` hne `beutamùbnmg amvnstab`hg. V`r` c`iaeat`r e` enitur` ns `igmsnd`jen e` utaeaz`iaùm hn um nenonmtg hn `uonmtg igog punhn snr um` eup`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Igog h`tgs ` tnmnr nm iunmt` p`r` gjtnmnr rnsuet`hgs igmca`jens pghnogs onmiagm`r egs sabuanmtns 4 e`s ounstr`s hnjnràm prgins`rsn igm bu`mtns , mg sùeg pgr r`zgmns hn snburah`h samg pgrqun, hn snr snirntgr, pgr onhag hn e` tr`mspar`iaùm sn tr`msoatarï`m egs `beutamùbnmgs prgpags `e o`tnra`e amvnstab`hg. X`mtg ne `brnb`hg amaia`e hn egs `mtasunrgs igog su pgstnragr haeuiaùm hnjnm rn`eaz`rsn igm suog iuah`hg y` qun iu`equanr nrrgr punhn tr`huiarsn nm um rnsuet`hg amigrrnitg. Oátghg hn `jsgriaùm ’ neuiaùm4 Nst` táimai` gcrnin nxinenmtns rnsuet`hgs y punhn snr nopen`h` t`mtg p`r` ne sastno` @JG igog p`r p`r` ` ne OM. X`ojaá X`ojaám m pun punhn hn utae utaeaz`r az`rsn sn p`r` ne nstu nstuhag hag hne sastn sastno` o` Zk `umqun egs rnsuet`hgs sunenm mg snr igmca`jens y hn `eeï qun su rn`eaz`iaùm sn` hns`igmsnd`h` pgr ouikgs `utgrns. Ne cumh`onmtg hn nst` táimai` ns ne sabuanmtn4 e`s ounstr`s nm nstuhag sn pgmnm nm igmt`itg igm `mtasunrgs nspniïcaigs ` cam hn cgro`r egs igrrnspgmhanmtns igopendgs `mtïbnmg`mtaiunrpg . Eunbg sn neaoam` ne nxinsg hn `mtaiunrpg, y sn i`eanmt` ` >6´I ` cam hn rgopnr ne amoumgigopendg hn oghg t`e qun egs `mtaiunrpgs eajnr`hgs punhnm pgmnrsn hn o`macanstg onha`mtn ne `brnb`hg hn um` suspnmsaùm hn beùjuegs rgdgs igm egs iu`ens h`ràm eub`r ` e` tïpai` rn`iiaùm hn `beutam`iaùm. V`r` ne nstuhag hne sastno` @JG sn prginhn hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 0- Ygjrn um` kgd` hn pgeai`rjgm`tg hn 06 x 0> io y 0 oo hn nspnsgr sn o`ri`m iu`hr`hgs hn `prgxao`h`onmtn `prgxao`h`onmtn 0,> io hn e`hg. :- Yn tgo`m ounstr`s hn kaeg hn : ` > oo hn egmbatuh y sn `hkanrn `hkanrnm m ` e` pe`i` pgr umg hn sus nxtrnogs onha`mtn ne nopeng hn, pgr ndnopeg, `int`tg hn ineuegs`. (vnr cabur`).
@mta @ @mta J @mta K Igmtrgens O Je X
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
O 4 Ounstr` Je 4 Je`mig X 4 Xnstabg 9- ^m` vnz snig ne `hknsavg `haiagm`r ` i`h` kaeg um` bgt` hne `mtasunrg amhai`hg nm e` igeuom` rnspnitav`. V`r` e` haeuiaùm ` nopen`r v`enm e`s oaso`s igmsahnr`iagmns knik`s prnva`onmtn. Ne kaeg hnjn qunh`r tgt`eonmtn suonrbahg nm ne `mtasunrg. 8- Amiuj`r hur`mtn mg onmgs hn 9 ks. ` 8 ´ I nm iào`r` kôonh` sanmhg `igmsnd`jen hnd`reg tgh` e` mgikn > - @ igmtamu`iaùm e`v`r e` pe`i` igm Y.C. ` 8´ I igm `yuh` hn um` pasnt`. Yni`r igm p`pne hn caetrg igm suog iuah`hg y suonrbar ` um rniapanmtn igm Y.C. ` 8 ´ I hur`mtn 96 oamutgs igm `bat`iaùm su`vn y igmst`mtn. 3- Zntar`r e` pe`i pe`i` ` y sni`r igm p`p p`pne ne hn caetrg. 2- @brnb`r um` bgt` hn e` suspnmsaùm hn beùjuegs rgdgs `hniu`h` snbôm ne `mtasunrg utaeaz`hg. E` oaso` sn prnp`r` nm Y.C. igm ne `brnb`hg hn `ejôoam` jgvam` `e 6,9 % igm um` igminmtr`iaùm igminmtr`iaùm hne 6,0 %. Egs beùjueg beùjuegss rgdgs hnjnm e`v e`v`rsn `rsn 9 vnins igm Y.C. nopen`mhg s`mbrn knp`ramaz`h`. Eenv`r ` iào`r` kôonh` y eunbg ` nstuc` ` >6 ´ I hur`mtn 0> oamutgs. ;- Zntar`r hn e` iào`r` kôonh` y igegi`r e` pe`i` nm um `bat`hgr hn j`d` vnegiah`h hur`mtn 96 oamutgs. 1- Gjsnrv`r e` prnsnmia` g mg hn `beutam`iaùm igm `yuh` hn um oairgsigpag. @sï, hn vnracai`rsn nst` nm e` igeuom` `mta @, amhai` qun ns` ounstr` igrrnspgmhn `e brupg @. Nm nst` táimai` ns `igmsnd`jen ne usg hn igmtrgens hn egs brupgs 6, @ , J y @J.
Ya janm e`s táimai`s hnsirapt`s prninhnmtnonmtn sgm hn suo` utaeah`h y gcrninm rnsuet`hgs igmca`jens, e` hntnroam`iaùm hn brupg s`mbuïmng sn punhn ncnitu`r onha`mtn um` snran hn t oátghgs `etnrm`tavgs nmtrn egs iu`ens pghnogs iat`r `qunee`s pgr amoumgnms`yg nm c`sn sùeah`, nm e` iu`ens umg hn egs rn`it`mtns sn cad` ` um` c`sn sùeah` hnmtrg hn e`s iu`ens ne peàstaig igmstatuyn um` hn e`s oàs utaeaz`h`s. Nm t`e snmtahg, tujgs hn 6,:> g 6,>6 oe igegi`hgs nm haspgsatavgs `hniu`hgs ` t`e ncnitg g janm pgeaiujnt`s hne iat`hg o`tnra`e igmstatuynm um` junm` `etnrm`tav`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
@sï, um` ontghgegbï` hn nstn tapg, ns e` sabuanmtn4 Nm um praonr p`sg sn prghuin e` amogvaeaz`iaùm hn egs `beutamùbnmgs @JG prnsnmtns nm e` o`mik` ` e` c`sn sùeah`. V`r` t`e cam, kaegs hn e` tne` o`mik`h` g janm b`s` nojnjah` nm um o`inr`hg hn e`s o`mik`s prnsnmtn nm um o`tnra`e hacnrnmtn ` um` tne` `jsgrjnmtn (pgr ndnopeg um iuikaeeg, um` tne` samtátai`, nti), sgm igegi`hgs nm e`s iujnt`s g tujgs pgr p`rns ` cam hn amvnstab`r e` prnsnmia` hn `mtïbnmg @ nm umg hn neegs y ne J nm ne rnst`mtn, i`rbàmhgeg k`st` e`s :/9 p`rtns hn su i`p`iah`h igm um` sgeuiaùm hn MK 9 `e >%. Yn o`inr`m egs kaegs nm e` sgeuiaùm y eunbg sn egs rntar` (e` sgeuiaùm ahn`eonmtn hnjn `ei`mz`r um` igegr`iaùm rgdg-i`st`ðg) y sn egs rntar` igm ne `uxaeag hn um` pamz` g um nenonmtg `hniu`hg ` t`e ncnitg. Eunbg amiuj`r nm nstuc` ` 26´I hur`mtn 0> oamutgs (sam iào`r` kôonh`) y gtrgs :6 oamutgs ` 3:´I nm ahámtai`s igmhaiagmns. Vgstnragronmtn e`v`r igm sgeuiaùm hn IeM` 6.0> O g Y.C. suonrbanmhg ` t`e cam e`s pgeaiujnt`s nm e` oaso` y hnd`mhg nm rnpgsg hur`mtn : oamutgs. Hn nstn oghg sn neaoam`m `qunee`s p`rtïiue` p`rtïiue`ss mg cad`h`s g hájaeonmtn `hsgrjah` `hsgrjah`s. s. @ igmtamu`iaùm e`s iujnt`s iujnt`s sn i`rb`m igm egs su sunrgs nrgs `mta-@ y `mta-J y` sn` sam haeuar haeuar g haeuahgs 04: k`st` e`s :/9 p`rtns hn su i`p`iah`h amiuj`mhg ` 8´I hur`mtn 86 oamutgs y igm iào`r` kôonh`. Nm nstn p`sg sn prghuiarà e` umaùm `mtïbnmg-`mtaiunrpg igrrnspgmhanmtn. igrrnspgmhanmtn. Iuopeahg ne tanopg hn amiuj`iaùm sn prginhn ` ncnitu`r hgs e`v`hgs igmsniutavgs t`e igog sn amhai`r` `mtnragronmtn pnrg hur`mtn > oamutgs i`h` umg. Nstn p`sg tanmn pgr gjdntg e` neaoam`iaùm hn `quneegs `mtaiunrpgs nxinhnmtns. Eunbg sn prginhn ` `haiagm`r suspnmsagmns hn beùjuegs rgdgs `e :% igrrnspgmhanmtns igrrnspgmhan mtns `e Brupg @ y J snbôm igrrnspgmh igrrnspgmh` ` y sn amiuj` ` >>´I hur`mtn 0> oamutgs. X`e igog knogs vastg `mtnragronmtn, nm nst` nt`p` sn prghuin e` neusaùm hn egs `mtaiunrpgs, hn `eeï qun t`mtg e` tnopnr`tur` igog ne tanopg hn amiuj`iaùm rnsuetnm hn suo` aopgrt`mia`.
@ igmtamu`iaùm igegi`r igegi`r e`s iujnt`s nm nm um `bat`hgr oni oniàmaig àmaig hur`mtn 0> ` :6 oamutgs. E` `bat`iaùm mg hnjn snr nmárbai` h`hg qun hn gtr` o`mnr` sn hnsgrjn ne o`tnra`e hn e` c`sn sùeah` prgvgi`mhg `beutam`iaùm hn tapg amnspniïcaig, prginhanmhg pgstnragronmtn ` e` gjsnrv`iaùm oairgsiùpai`. V`r` t`e cam, sn rnsuspnmhn ne hnpùsatg hn egs pgiaeegs igm `yuh` hn um` papnt` V`stnur V`stnur (igm prni`uiaùm hn mg tgi tgi`r `r e`s p`rnhns hn egs oaso oasogs), gs), igegi`r um`
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
bgt` hn i`h` umg nm um pgrt`gjdntgs y gjsnrv`r igm gjdntavg hn 06[. E` prnsnmia` hn `beutam`iaùm amhai` um rnsuet`hg pgsatavg p`r` e` prnsnmia` hne `mtïbnmg nm iunstaùm. Vgr ôetaog, nm rne`iaùm ` nstn tno`, hab`ogs qun sn k`m hns`rrgee`hg muonrgs`s táimai`s hn tapg nenitrgcgrátaig qun pnroatnm mg sgeg e` hntnroam`iaùm hne brupg s`mbuïmng samg t`ojaám ne `màeasas hne pgeaogrcasog hne sastno` @JG, e`s iu`ens mg snràm nxpunst`s nm ne prnsnmtn i`pïtueg.
Jajeagbr`cï`. O`mik`s hn s`mbrn. I`pïtueg AS. Xr`t`hg hn Iraoam`eïstai` Iraoam`eïstai`.. Xgog AA. E` Puïoai` @m`eïtai` nm e` Amvnstab`iaùm hne Hneatg. Nhatgra`e Vgeaia`e, 0.1;9. Munv`s @pgrt`iagmns @pgrt`iagmns ` e` Onhaiam` En Enb`e b`e hne Knogirg Knogirgoùbnmg. oùbnmg. Basjnrt I`eu I`eujuab juab D.@. Znv. Onh. Enb`e, 0.18; (9). O`hrah. YR@CY, ANC Rgrlskgp. Xuisgm, @razgm`. NN^^. Gitgjnr 0.110. Iursg hn nmtrnm`oanmtg nm ne `màeasas hn o`mik`s hn s`mbrn. Iraon E`jgr`tgry, Xuisgm Vgeain. @razgm`. NN^^. E` Nvahnmia` Oáhaig Enb`e nm Hneatgs Igmtr` e`s Vnrsgm`s y Ounrtns Sagenmt`s. Hr. Z O`rtïm E`bunms. Ige`jgr`hgrns Euas @. Cnrr`ra, Zgjnrtg N.Cnhnraia, Mástgr V. Hn Xgo`s. Yuprno` Igrtn hn Dustaia` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. Vp >9 ’ >;. :.666. Juhgwen J, Enbbatt DE, Hncnmj`ubk H@, Lnys LO, O`elanwaiz YC. Xkn prnsuoptavn rn`bnmt ceugrnsinam cgr hntnitagm gc haeutn jegghst`ams `mh sujsnqunmt YXZ typamb gc rnigvnrnh HM@. D Cgrnmsai Yia :666(>)40616’061 :666(>)40616’061:. :.
Amkajatagm gc Jen`ik-Amhuin Jen`ik-Amhuinh h Euoamge Iknoaeuoamnsinmin, Iknoaeuoamnsinmin, Nram` D. O. Lnmt, 0 O.Yi.< Hgube`s @. Neeagt,0,: Vk.H.< `mh Bgrhgm O. Oaslneey,0 Vk.H., D Cgrnmsai Yia, D`m. :669, Sge. 8;, Mg. 0. 0.
Xkn nccnit gc euoamge gm prnsuoptavn tnsts `mh HM@ `m`eysas usamb tkn pgeyonr`sn ik`am rn`itagm, Brgss @O, K`rras L@, L`ehum BE. D Cgrnmsai Yia 0111, 03 y 02 hn @bgstg hn :.660. Nmiyiegpnha` gc Cgrnmsai Yianmins, Xkrnn-Sgeuon Ynt, Nhatnh Jy D`y Yanbne , Oaikab`m Yt`tn ^mavnrsaty, N`st E`msamb, ^.Y.@. Bngccrny Lmupcnr , M`tagm`e Xr`amamb Inmtnr cgr Yianmtacai Yuppgrt tg Iraon Amvnstab`tagm, K`rpnreny K`ee, Irggl, ^L , Vnll` Y`ullg , ^mavnrsaty gc Xurlu, Came`mh, Nesnvanr, :666.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
I`pïtueg 00 O`mik`s hn Ynonm.
@utgr4 Hr. Zghgecg Mantg, Vnratg hne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` @snsgrï` Vnraia`e hnpnmhanmtn hne Vghnr Duhaia`e hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns.
Amtrghuiiaùm. Nm egs i`sgs hn vage`iaùm ns igoôm igmt`r igm ounstr`s hn snonm sni`s `snmt`h`s sgjrn havnrsgs sgpgrtns, g janm kasgp`hgs gjtnmahgs hn e` vïitao`. @ su vnz, nstn tapg hn hneatgs snxu`ens, igmstatuynm um brupg hn knikgs suo`onmtn hacïiaens hn igoprgj`r, hn `eeï, qun ne prgins`oanmtg hn egs o`tnra`ens iat`hgs `hquanr` br`m aopgrt`mia` y` qun igm e`s táimai`s
`itu`ens pghrï` hnogstr`rsn hn o`mnr` cnk`ianmtn e` amtnrvnmiaùm hn um
hntnroam`hg
amhavahug. Yn hncamn ne nspnro` igog um eïquahg igopunstg pgr hgs cr`iiagmns, ne eïquahg snoam`e y egs nspnro`tgzgahns, rnvastanmhg `ojgs br`m aopgrt`mia` hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` pnraia`e.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nm ne praonrg nmigmtr`ogs j`sns grbàmai`s t`ens igog e` igeam`, e` nspnroam` y e` nspnroaham`, sust`mia` nstn ôetao` ` e` iu`e hnjn su gegr ne nspnro`. X`ojaám pgsnn nm su igopgsaiaùm prgtnïm`s nmtrn e`s iu`ens sn punhnm onmiagm`r, pgr su aopgrt`mia`, e` cgsc`t`s` àiah` prgstàtai`, ne `mtïbnmg prgstàtaig nspniïcaig (VY@), e` cgscgbeuigout`s` (VBO), pnptah`s` @ (Vnp @) y e` Beag Beagxae` xae`s` s` A (Beg A). Hnjn onmi onmiagm` agm`rsn rsn t`oj t`ojaám aám e` prn prnsnmi snmia` a` hn sust sust`mia `mia`s `s saoae`rns ` egs `mtïbnmgs hne sastno` @JG, egs iu`ens nst`ràm prnsnmtns nm `quneegs amhavahugs snirntgrns y qun pnroataràm e` hntnroam`iaùm hne oasog nm nstn ceuahg. Nm t`e snmtahg, sn igmgin qun nmtrn ne 2> y ne ;6% hn e` pgje`iaùm tanmn nst` i`r`itnrïstai` y, pgr eg t`mtg, tghgs sus ceuahgs igrpgr`ens igmtanmnm nstn tapg hn sust`mia`s.
00.0 Nstuhag hn e`s o`mik`s hn snonm. ^m oghg pràitaig p`r` ne nstuhag hn e`s o`mik`s hn snonm ns ne qun sn hnt`ee` nm ne sabuanmtn iu`hrg4 Sasu`e Egi`eaz`iaùm
Xàitae ^.S.
µ hn kasgpg g ¿ io : h hn n o`mik`
O`mik` g kasgpg
+ :>6 ¾e hn Ygeuiaùm Casageùbai` vasu`eaz`iaùm hn nspnront`zgahns inmtracub`r ` j`d`s rnvgeuiagmns (:.666 rpo) @JG
Ygjrnm`h`mtn
Vneent
Cgsc`t`s` àiah` (@V) Gjsnrv`iaùm oairgsiùpai`
VBO ’ Vnp @
VY@
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
00.: Egi`eaz`iaùm hn e` o`mik`. E`s o`mik`s hn snonm punhnm prnsnmt`rsn sgjrn havnrsgs sgpgrtns pnrg, egs oàs igoumns sgm e` rgp` amtnragr hn e` vïitao` y e`s prnmh`s hn i`o`. ^m h`tg ` tnmnr nm iunmt` snràm e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s hne o`tnra`e ` nx`oam`r, nmtrn e`s iu`ens sn hnst`i` e` i`p`iah`h hn `jsgriaùm hne oasog, su igegr, nti. Hn tghgs oghgs, nm bnmnr`e, punhn hniarsn qun e`s o`mik`s hn snonm prnsnmt`m um igegr je`mig brasàing qun v` tgrm`mhg k`ia` ne `o`raeenmtg igm ne p`sg hne tanopg, `hquaranmhg, nm nspnia`e sgjrn e`s tne`s, um` igmsastnmia` `pnrb`oam`h`, i`r`itnrïstai` qun rnsuet` hn utaeah`h p`r` su ujai`iaùm pgr onhag hne t`itg. Ne nopeng hn euz ^.S. igmstatuï` um oátghg pràitaig p`r` egi`eaz`r nstn tapg hn o`mik`s, pnrg egs h`ðgs qun ást` punhn i`us`r `e o`tnra`e bnmátaig k` knikg qun i`ab` nm hnsusg. E` oaso` sn j`s`j` nm e` prgpanh`h ceugrnsinmtn hn e`s o`mik`s hn nst` ie`sn.
00.9 Gjsnrv`iaùm hn Nspnro`tgzgahns. E` vasu`eaz`iaùm hn nspnro`tgzgahns igopentgs igmstatuyn, pgr sï sge`, e` ômai` prunj` arrncut`jen hn e` prnsnmia` hn snonm nm um` o`mik`. Hn `eeï qun, prnvag ` hnt`ee`r e`s táimai`s ` nopen`r p`r` t`e cam, ns aopgrt`mtn rnp`s`r sgonr`onmtn su nstruitur`. Egs nspnro`tgzgahns sgm iáeue`s oùvaens igopunstgs jàsai`onmtn pgr i`jnz` (nm e` iu`e sn nmiunmtr` ne môieng), iuneeg, iunrpg y ige`. Yu egmbatuh gsiae` nmtrn 86 y >6 ¾o, oanmtr`s qun igm rnspnitg ` su cgro` e` i`jnz`, vast` hn crnmtn, ns gv`e, oanmtr`s qun hn pnrcae ns `buz`h` (Cab. 00.0).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Cab. 00.04 00.04 nspnro`tgzgah nspnro`tgzgahn. n.
V`r` su nstuhag, t`e igog punhn vnrsn nm ne nsquno` prninhnmtn, k`y hgs pgsajaeah`hns. ^m` hn nee`s ns tr`j`d`r harnit`onmtn sgjrn ne o`tnra`e ogtavg hn pnraia` y e` gtr` sgjrn ne pneent gjtnmahg nm e` inmtracub`iaùm hn um o`inr`hg nm sgeuiaùm casageùbai` hn e` o`mik` ` nstuha`r. Iu`ensquanr` sn` e` ontghgegbï` nopen`h`, um knikg p`r` tnmnr nm iunmt` ns qun egs nspnro`tgzgahns sgm nenonmtgs suo`onmtn eàjaens, hn oghg t`e qun e` i`jnz` y e` ige` sn snp`r`m ouy càiaeonmtn. Hn `eeï qun oôetapens c`itgrns qun k`inm ` e` igmsnrv`iaùm hn e` ounstr` hacaiuet`m, iu`mhg mg aopgsajaeat`m, e` gjsnrv`iaùm hn nstgs nenonmtgs nm cgro` igopent`. V`r`ene`onmtn, nstg aopeai` um suog iuah`hg nm ne prgins`oanmtg hne o`tnra`e ` nstuha`r. Vgr gtr` p`rtn hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun ianrt`s nmcnronh`hns `cnit`m, hn cgro` havnrs`, e` i`mtah`h hn nspnro`tgzgahns qun prghuin um amhavahug. @sï, nm e` geabgzggspnroa`, su igminmtr`iaùm nstà hasoamuïh`, oanmtr`s qun nm e` `zggspnroa` mg sn nmiunmtr`m prnsnmtns nm ne snonm.
• Sasu`eaz`iaù Sasu`eaz`iaùm m harnit` harnit`44 p`r` t`e cam, um trgiatg hn e` o`mik` nm nstuh nstuhag ag sn igegi` nm ne inmtrg hn um pgrt`gjdntgs, `haiagm`mhg sgjrn ne oasog um` bgt` hn sgeuiaùm casageùbai` casageùbai` y gtr` hn um um` ` sgeuiaùm `e 6 6,>% ,>% hn nratrgsam` nm MK9 `e >% y sn igopraon ne o`tnra`e igm `yuh` hn hgs `bud`s hn hasniiaùm, igm ne gjdntg qun egs igopgmnmtns hn e` o`mik` p`snm ` e` sgeuiaùm. Eunbg sn rntar` e` ounstr`, sn igegi` um iujrngdntgs y sn gjsnrv` `e oairgsigpag oairgsigpag igm g giue`r iue`r hn 86[. Egs nspnro`tgzgahns sn vnràm igm e` i`jnz` tnðah` hn igegr rgs`.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
• Sasu`eaz`iaù Sasu`eaz`iaùm m prnva` inmtracub`iaùm inmtracub`iaùm44 nm n nstn stn i`sg, y t`e ig igog og sn amhai` nm ne nsquno`, sn nopen` ne snhaonmtg hn e` inmtracub`iaùm hn um o`inr`hg hn e` o`mik` nm sgeuiaùm casageùbai`. V`r` t`e cam, µ hn um kasgpg g um iu`hr`hg hn 6,> io hn e`hg hn tne` o`mik`h` sn igegi` nm um tujg hn inmtrïcub` `e iu`e sn `haiagm`m :>6 ¾e hn sgeuiaùm casageùbai`. Eunbg, igm suog iuah`hg, sn prnsagm` ne o`tnra`e igmtr` e`s p`rnhns hne tujg igm `yuh` hn um` v`raee` hn vahrag ` cam qun ne o`tnra`e prnsnmtn nm ne oasog p`sn ` e` sgeuiaùm. Vgstnragronmtn, hn rntar` ne o`tnra`e prnsagm`mhg hn oghg t`e qun nsiurr` ne eïquahg i`sa nm su tgt`eah`h. tgt`eah`h. Eunbg sn inmtracub` ` j`d` vn vnegiah`h egiah`h (0.>66 ` : :.666 .666 rpo) hur`mtn 9 ` > oamutgs. Ne sgjrnm`h`mtn sn tr`mscanrn igm suog iuah`hg ` gtrg tujg y sgjrn ne snhaonmtg sn prginhn ` amvn amvnstab`r stab`r e` prnsnmia prnsnmia` ` hn nspnro`tgzg nspnro`tgzgahns, ahns, prnva` rns rnsuspnmsaùm uspnmsaùm hn hnee oasog `bat`mhg su`vnonmtn, su`vnonmtn, nopen`mhg e` igegr`iaùm hnsirapt` prninhnm prninhnmtnonmtn. tnonmtn. Nm nsn snmtahg, havnrs`s sgm e`s táimai`s qun punhnm utaeaz`rsn, sanmhg um` hn nee`s e` hns`rrgee`h` pgr A.I. Ytgmn. V`r` neeg sn prnp`r` e`s sabuanmtns sgeuiagmns4 `) Ygeuiaùm Lnrmniktrgt< hasgevnr >b hn @e: (YG (YG 8 )9 (br`hg `m`eïtaig) nm 066 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` karvanmhg. Amonha`t`onmtn `haiagm`r 6,0b hn Muien`r C`st Znh y `bat`r igm `yuh` hn um` v`raee` hn vahrag. Nmcra`r y caetr`r ` tr`vás hn p`pne hn caetrg. Nst` sgeuiaùm ns nst`jen hn 9 ` 3 onsns ` ;´I. j) Ygeuiaùm pairga pairgamhabgi`roïm mhabgi`roïm (VAI (VAIY)< Y)< `haiagm`r 8b hn ài àiahg ahg pïiraig (br`hg ` `m`eïtaig). m`eïtaig). ` 966 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`, nm um v`sg hn prniapat`hg X`p`r ne rniapanmtn y hnd`r hur`mtn tgh` e` mgikn ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn ` cam hn gjtnmnr um` sgeuiaùm s`tur`h`. Eunbg hasgevnr 0b hn Ïmhabg-i`roïm, caetr`r y bu`rh`r. ^mgs pgigs irast`ens hn àiahg pïiraig punhnm pnro`mninr nm e` sgeuiaùm.
Vrginhaoanmtg4 um` bgt` hne pneent sn igegi` nm um pgrt`gjdntgs y sn `haiagm` sgjrn ást` Vrginhaoanmtg4 um` bgt` hn sgeuiaùm `). hnd`mhg 0> oamutgs hnj`dg hn um v`sg hn prniapat`hg `hniu`hg (366 oe) amvnrtahg. @ igmtamu`iaùm, igm um` papnt` eaopa` `haiagm`r nm um e`tnr`e hne pgrt`gjdntgs 0 ’ : bgt`s hn `bu` hnagmaz`h` hn oghg t`e qun mg tgqun e` onzie`. Amieam`r igm iuah`hg ne pgrt`gjdntgs y quat`r ne nxinhnmtn igm p`pne hn caetrg. Mg tgi`r ne àrn` grabam`e
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
hn e` bgt` ounstr` igm ne p`pne. Znpntar nst` gpnr`iaùm k`st` qun ne `bu` hn e`v`hg rnsuetn amigegr`. Eunbg, `brnb`r um` bgt` hn e` sgeuiaùm j) sgjrn ne snitgr hgmhn sn k`jï` igegi`hg e` ounstr` y nopen`r e` oaso` táimai` hn e`v`hg hnsirapt` `mtnragronmtn, pnrg nopen`mhg nt`mge `jsgeutg. @e gjsnrv`r `e oairgsigpag, egs nspnro`tgzgahns sn vasu`eaz`ràm tnðahgs hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 e` i`jnz` hn igegr rgdg, e` p`rtn inmtr`e rgd` y vnrhn y e` ige` hn igegr vnrhn. Hn nxastar iáeue`s hn e` ouigs` sn gjsnrv`ràm tnðah`s hn igegr `zue igm su inmtrg rgdg. Nm ounstr`s o`e igmsnrv`h`s egs nspnro`tgzgahns punhnm `p`rninr pàeahgs g hnsigegrahgs n, amieusavn, hn um` tgm`eah`h vnrhgs` g vagent`. Hnjn tnmnrsn prnsnmtn qun ástn cnmùonmg t`ojaám punhn giurrar nm i`sgs hn sgjrnigegr`iaùm igm e` sgeuiaùm j). Ya egs nspnro`tgzgahns mg sn gjsnrv`m igopentgs, ne `utgr rncanrn qun punhnm rnigmginrsn e`s ige`s, `umqun hnjn rnigrh`rsn `quï e` aopgrt`mia`, pgr ne br`hg hn inrtnz`, hn gjsnrv`r nstgs nenonmtgs igopentgs. ^m` v`ra`mtn oàs snmiaee` hn rn`eaz`r nst` táimai` ns e` sabuanmtn4 um` bgt` hne snhaonmtg sn cad` ` um pgrt`jdntgs onha`mtn e` `iiaùm hne i`egr (96 oamutgs ` 36´I). Eunbg, iujrar ne prnp`r`hg igm um` bgt` hn Muien`r C`st Znh y hnd`r `e onmgs 06 oamutgs. E`v`r igm `bu` hnstae`h`. @ igmtamu`iaùm, `haiagm`r um` bgt` hn pairgamhabgi`roïm y rgt`r ne prnp`r`hg hur`mtn 0> ’ 96 snbumhgs (pnrg mg oàs). E`v`r igm nt`mge, sni`r y gjsnrv`r ` 866[, us`mhg `inatn hn amonrsaùm hn snr mnins`rag. Gtr`s ontghgegbï`s ` nopen`r snrï`m V`p`maige`u, O`y Brõmw`eh ’ Banos`, `zue hn Egnccenr, nti. Iu`ensquanr` cunr` e` ontghgegbï` nopen`h`, sn igegi` um` bgt` hne snhaonmtg nm um pgrt`gjdntgs, sn k`in um nxtnmhahg y sn eg hnd` sni`r `e `arn, puhanmhg rniurrar
nvnmtu`eonmtn y igm prni`uiaùm, ` um` cad`iaùm cad`iaùm igm `yuh` hn i`eg i`egrr ouy su`vn.
00.8 Cgsc`t`s` àiah` prgstàtai`. prgstàtai`. Igog knogs haikg `mtnragronmtn, egs nspnro`tgzgahns sgm nenonmtgs suo`onmtn eàjaens, ogtavg pgr ne iu`e nm egs E`jgr`tgrags Cgrnmsns rnsuet` ouy crniunmtn mg pghnr
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
gjsnrv`regs igopentgs. @ nstn knikg hnjn suo`rsn qun, t`e igog sn onmiagmù `mtnragronmtn, hacnrnmtns p`tgegbï`s punhnm hasoamuar su môonrg n amieusg nst`r `usnmtns nm ne ceuahg snoam`e. Ns nm nstgs i`sgs iu`mhg nvahnmia`r e` prnsnmia` hn snonm sn tgrm` oàs hacaiuetgs` `umqun, havnrsgs o`ri`hgrns, o`ri`hgrns, pnroatnm `rraj` `rraj`rr igm um br`hg hn inrtnz` ouy aopgrt`mtn aopgrt`mtn ` t`e gjdntavg. V`r` t`e cam sn hnjn hnogstr`r nm e` o`mik` e` nxastnmia` hn igopgmnmtns k`jatu`ens hne pe`so` snoam`e, t`ens igog igeam`, nspnroam`, cgsc`t`s` àiah` prgstàtai` (@V) y ne `mtïbnmg prgstàtaig nspniïcaig (VY@), sanmhg egs hgs ôetaogs egs oàs nopen`hgs kgy nm hï`. V`r` neeg, sn punhn tr`j`d`r igm ne sgjrnm`h`mtn hn e` inmtracub`iaùm g janm igm ne eïquahg gjtnmahg eunbg hn `haiagm`r `e o`tnra`e nm nstuhag sgeuiaùm casageùbai`. E` praonr` `etnrm`tav` pgsnn igog vnmt`d` e` ―eaopanz`‟ hn e` sgeuiaùm ` nopen`r. E` @V ns um` nmzao` prnsnmtn nm ne snonm nm igminmtr`iagmns t`m nenv`h`s igog nm mambôm gtrg ceuahg jageùbaig. Ya janm ns ianrtg qun e` oaso` mg sn nmiunmtr` nxieusav`onmtn nm haikg ceuahg, e` i`r`itnrïstai` nmumia`h` suo`hg ` qun ns amkajah` pgr ne àiahg E (+) t`rtàraig, k`m pnroatahg ne hns`rrgeeg hn táimai`s hnstam`h`s ` su amvnstab`iaùm. ^m` hn nee`s ns e` hn Yav`r`o e` iu`e pgr su pr`itaiah`h, r`pahnz, snmiaeenz y e` pgsajaeah`h hn rn`eaz`r v` v`rags rags nms`ygs sa saouetàmn`onmtn ouetàmn`onmtn,, rnsuet` hn suo suo` ` utaeah`h p` p`r` r` ne nstuhag hn nst` nmzao`. Egs rn`itavgs ` nopen`r sgm egs sabuanmtns4 Juccnr iatr`tg- iïtraig pK 8,14 8,1 4 hasgevnr 0,;1 b hn àiahg iïtraig ogmgkahr`tg nm >6 oe • hn K :G hnstae`h`. @haiagm`r ` e` sgeuiaùm rnsuet`mtn 0;oe hn M`GK 0 M y 06 oe hn KIe 6.0 M, `dust`mhg ne pK ` 8,1. Igopent`r ` 066 oe y igmsnrv`r nm kne`hnr`.
X`rtr`tg hn Yghag 6,8 O4 O4 hasgevnr 6.3b hn àiahg E (+) t`rtàraig nm > oe hn `bu` • hnstae`h` y eunbg `haiagm`r 9.> oe hn M`GK : M. @dust`r ne pK ` 8.1 y igopent`r ne vgeuonm ` 06 oe igm `bu` hnstae`h`. Igmsnrv`r nm kne`hnr`. Egs rn`itavgs sabuanmtns sn hnjnm prnp`r`r nm ne ogonmtg hn us`r4
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Zn`itavg A4A4 `ec`-m`ctae cgsc`tg hasùhaig (> ob) sn hasunevnm nm > oe hn juccnr iatr`tg y ` • igmtamu`iaùm sn en `haiagm`m > ob hn C`st Jeun J. Hasgevnr.
•
Zn`itavg AAAA44 > ob hn `ec`-m`ctae cgsc`tg hasùhaig sn hasunevnm nm 8,> oe hn juccnr
iatr`tg y 6,> oe hn t`rtr`tg 6,8 O, `haiagm`mhg, ` igmtamu`iaùm, igmtamu`iaùm, >ob hn C`st Jeun J. Gjsnrv`r qun e` hacnrnmia` nmtrn egs hgs ôetaogs rn`itavgs igmsastn nm e` prnsnmia` hne amkajahgr nm ne snbumhg hn neegs.
00.8.0 Nms`yg hn granmt`iaùm. Ne oasog tanmn igog utaeah`h hnsi`rt`r, g mg, e` prn prnsnmia` snmia` hn e` nmz nmzao` ao` nm ne o`tnra`e nm nstuhag. V`r` su rn`eaz`iaùm, e` o`mik` sn igopraon igm um p`pne hn caetrg kôonhg y sn `haiagm` sgjrn ne oasog bgt`s hne rn`itavg A qun hn snr pgsatavg, sn gjsnrv` nm cgro` pràitai`onmtn amonha`t`, e` `p`raiaùm hn um igegr pôrpur`. Ns `igmsnd`jen e` rn`eaz`iaùm hn um nms`yg nm je`mig nopen`mhg p`r` t`e cam um snitgr mg o`mik`hg hne o`tnra`e nm nstuhag. Ne oasog tanmn pgr gjdntg hnsi`rt`r e` prnsnmia` hn amtnrcnrnmia`s.
00.8.: Nms`yg hn igmcaro`iaùm. nm i`sg hn gjtnmnr rnsuet`hg pgsatavg nm ne nms`yg prninhnmtn, sn prginhn ` ncnitu`r e` prunj` hncamatav`, e` iu`e sn rn`eaz` hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 nm ne praonr pgiaeeg hn um` pgeaiujnt` hn Leamn sn igegi` um` bgt` hn sgeuiaùm gjtnmah` hn oghg saoae`r ` `qunee` hne o`tnra`e nm nstuhag, pnrg nopen`mhg um` zgm` hne oasog mg o`iue`h` (je`mig).
Nm egs hgs pgiaeegs igmtabugs `haiagm`r um` bgt` hne o`inr`hg g sgjrnm`h`mtn nm nstuhag(vnr cab. 00.:)
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Cab.00.: Cab.00.:
0 bgt` je`mig
0 bgt` ounstr` prgjeno`
Vgstnragronmtn, sn `haiagm` ` egs hgs praonrgs pgiaeeg um` bgt` hne Zn`itavg A y, `e tnrinrg, um` bgt` hne Zn`itavg AA. @e i`jg hn um oamutg, `prgxao`h`onmtn, hnjnrà gjsnrv`rsn e` `p`raiaùm hn um igegr pôrpur` nm ne snbumhg pgiaeeg, pnro`mnianmhg am`etnr`jens egs gtrgs hgs nm i`sg hn um` rn`iiaùm pgsatav`, oanmtr`s qun hn snr mnb`tav` mg sn gjsnrv`rà e` `p`raiaùm `p`raiaùm hn haik haik` ` tgm`eah`h. Nvnm Nvnmtu`eonmtn, tu`eonmtn, punhn ` `prnia`rsn prnia`rsn um` ianrt` tgm`eah`h nm ne tnrinr pgiaeeg, pnrg su amtnmsah`h hnjnrà snr igmsahnr`jenonmtn onmgr qun `qunee` hne praonrg. Nstn knikg sn hnjn ` qun e` igminmtr`iaùm hn e` nmzao` prnsnmtn ns ouy nenv`h` y pgr eg t`mtg, rnj`s` e` i`p`iah`h amkajatgra` amkajatgra` hn àiahg E (+) t`rtàraig. Hn tghgs oghgs, ne praonr pgiaeeg hnjnrà pnro`mninr sanoprn am`etnr`jen, y` qun e` `p`raiaùm hn igegr amhai`rà e` prnsnmia` hn `ebôm tapg hn amtnrcnrnmia` grabam`hg nm ne sgpgrtn hn e` o`mik`. @ebumgs `utgrns igmsahnr`m aopgrt`mtn e` iu`mtacai`iaù iu`mtacai`iaùm m hn e` nmzao` hnjahg `
hntnroam`hgs iunstagm`oanmtgs enb`ens rne`iagm`hgs, pgr ndnopeg, igm e` igminmtr`iaùm hn e` oaso` nm e` o`mik` y nm ne snonm hne aoput`hg. Yam noj`rbg oôetapens c`itgrns punhnm `cnit`r e` i`mtah`h y `itavah`h hn e` nmzao` nm ne o`tnra`e ` nstuha`r pgr eg iu`e ne `utgr hne prnsnmtn i`pïtueg nstao` qun nstn knikg rnsuet` arrnenv`mtn.
00.> @mtïbnmg Vrgstàtaig Nspniïcaig (VY@). (VY@).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
Nstn o`ri`hgr o`ri`hgr igmsastn nm um um` ` beai beaigprgtnïm` gprgtnïm` amtr`ineue`r
(VO 98 98.666 .666 h h`etgm), `etgm),
samtntaz`h` nxieusav`onmtn pgr e` beàmhue` prgstàtai`, sanmhg, pgr eg t`mtg um igopgmnmtn mgro`e hne pe`so` snoam`e. V`r` su nstuhag punhnm nopen`rsn hacnrnmtns ontghgegbï`s, nmtrn e`s iu`ens ne lat igonria`e ―VY@-iknil 0‟ prgvastg pgr e` caro` Snh`-e`j gcrnin ouy junmgs rnsuet`hgs, sanmhg `hnoàs um oátghg pràitaig y ràpahg. Yn tr`t` hn um nms`yg amoumgirgo`tgbràcaig, ne iu`e nopen` um` ômai` igojam`iaùm hn igmdub`hg igegr`mtn-`mtaiunrpg ogmgiegm`e y `mtaiunrpg pgeaiegm`e nm c`sn sùeah`, pnroatanmhg `sï ahnmtacai`r ne `mtïbnmg igm um `inpt`jen br`hg hn snmsajaeah`h (eïoatn hn hntniiaùm 8 ob/oe).
Hn nstn oghg, ne `mtïbnmg sn igojam` igm ne `mtaiunrpg ogmgiegm`e, ogmgiegm`e, ceuyn pgr e` pe`i` pgr i`pae`rah`h y sn igojam` igm egs `mtaiunrpgs `mta-VY@ cadgs, grabam`mhg um igopendg igegrn`hg vasu`eaz`hg nm cgro` hn j`mh`, qun amhai`rà um` rn`iiaùm pgsatav`. Xáimai`4 3 bgt`s
(`prgxao`h`o (`prgxao`h`onmtn nmtn :66¾e) hne o`inr`hg hn e` o`mik` g hne
sgjrnm`h`mtn sn hnd`m i`nr nm ne snitgr hn e` pe`i` hnstam`hg ` t`e ncnitg, sn hnd` umgs 06 oamutgs y eunbg sn enn ne rnsuet`hg. E` `p`raiaùm hn hgs j`mh`s hn igegr amhai`ràm um` rn`iiaùm pgsatav` oanmtr`s qun e` `p`raiaùm hn um` sge` j`mh` amhai`rà um rnsuet`hg mnb`tavg (cab.00.9).
Ynitgr `brnb`hg o`inr`hg
j`mh` igmtrge
j`mh` qun amhai` prnsnmia` hn VY@
Cab. 00.94 00.94h ntnroam`iaùm pgr amoumgirgo`tgbr`cï` hn VY@ (Snh`-e`j).
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
E` j`mh` igmtrge hnjn gjsnrv`rsn nm tghgs egs i`sgs, y` qun hn mg snr `sï, amhai` e` nxastnmia` hn `ebôm amigmvnmanmtn, sanmhg `igmsnd`jen rnpntar e` prunj` nopen`mhg gtr` pe`i`.
Nenitrgcgrnsas nopen`mhg `mta-V964 E` prgtnïm` V96 ns um` beaigprgtnïm` i`r`itnrïstai` hne snonm y iuy`s i`r`itnrïstai`s igamiahnm, nx`it`onmtn, igm `qunee`s hne `mtïbnmg prgstàtaig nspniïcaig, mg gjst`mtn eg iu`e snrà hnsabm`h` igm ne mgojrn hn e` táimai` grabam`e. Ne `mtasunrg nopen`hg, `mta-V96 prgvastg pgr egs E`jgr`tgrags YNZA, ns nspniïcaig hn V96 y mg ounstr` rn`iiaùm iruz`h` igm mambôm gtrg ceuahg igrpgr`e. Nstn rn`iiagm` igm oàxao` snmsajaeah`h (snonm haeuahg 049.666) us`mhg e` táimai` hn irgss-gvnr y hn `eeï qun sn` e` oaso` e` `igmsnd`h`. `igmsnd`h`. ^m knikg ` tnmnr nm iunmt`, ns qun e` prgtnïm` ` amvnstab`r nstà cgro`h` pgr iu`trg cr`iiagmns y sn rnquanrn, pgr eg t`mtg, um` igrrnit` igojam`iaùm hn egs v`egrns hn nmhgsogsas y pK p`r` qun e`s oaso`s pnro`mnzi`m umah`s.
Zn`itavgs4 hasgevnr sgevnr :>,: b hn Xra Xrass j`sn oàs :,> b hn NH NHX@ X@ (eajrn hn àiahg) y • Juccnr hn igrrah`4 ha 0,1 b àiahg jùraig nm 0 eatrg hn `bu` hnstae`h`. @dust`r ` pK 1,0 igm sgeuiaùm hn M`GK `e :6%.
• Juccnr Bne4 Ahno juccnr hn igrrah`. asgevnr 6,6;b hn @ @b`rgs` b`rgs` nm ;o ;oee hn Juccnr B Bne ne • Bne hn @b`rgs` 0%4 hhasgevnr
• Iggo`ssan Jeun 66,:% ,:% hasge hasgevnr vnr ne igegr`mtn nm um` onzie` h hn n sgevn sgevnmtns mtns cgro` cgro`h` h` pgr4
>6 oe hn ont`mge , >6 oe hn `bu` y 06 oe hn àiahg `iátaig.
Vrginhaoanmtg4 Nopen`r pe`i`s hn 9 x : pueb`h`s (0 pueb`h` ? :,>8 io). Igm um s`i`jgi`hgs rn`eaz`r kgyunegs nm e` pe`i` t`mtg hne e`hg `mùhaig igog i`tùhaig y snojr`r ne `mtasunrg y e`s ounstr`s y tnstabgs hne snbumhg.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
S`rags `utgrns `igmsnd`m ne nopeng tnstabgs hn snonm y ceudg v`bam`e, puhanmhg onmiagm`rsn qun egs E`jgr`tgrags YNZA prgvnnm nstàmh`rns hn snonm (YNZA eygpkaeaznh snonm ’ sth ’ Z>39). E` igrrah` nenitrgcgrátai` sn rn`eaz` ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn y j`dg e`s sabuanmtns igmhaiagmns4 vget`dn 0:6 S hur`mtn :6 oamutgs. Eunbg, ennr igm euz rncend`h` sgjrn um cgmhg gsiurg. E` enitur` punhn igopent`rsn hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 e`v`r e` pe`i` nm um` sgeuiaùm s`eam` 0 Oge`r hur`mtn tgh` e` mgikn. @ igmtamu igmtamu`iaùm `iaùm iujrar igm p`pne hn caetrg R`kto`m R`kto`m M´0 y sni`r ` 36´I. Eunbg nopen`r um` sgeuiaùm igegr`mtn hn Iggo`ssan Jeun `e 6,:% suonrbanmhg e` pe`i` hur`mtn 0> oamutgs. E`v`r igm sgeuiaùm s`eam` 0O k`st` qun ne cgmhg sn` ie`rg.
00.3 Hntnroam`iaùm hn Brupg @JG nm o`mik`s hn snonm. snonm. ^m` vnz nst`jeniah` e` prnsnmia` hn snonm, ne p`sg sabuanmtn ns e` hntnroam`iaùm hne brupg s`mbuïmng @JG y eunbg hn e`s asgnmzao`s VB@ y Vnp @. Ya janm ns ianrtg qun e`s oghnrm`s ontghgegbï`s p`r` nstuhag hne @HM k`m supnr`hg `opea`onmtn (pgr su pghnr hn hasiraoam`iaùm) ` e`s táimai`s onmiagm`h`s, ne `utgr igmsahnr` qun, `e onmgs nm eg qun rnspnit` `e nstuhag hne brupg, sabun igmstatuynmhg pgr su saopeaiah`h y igstgs, um` amtnrns`mtn `etnrm`tav` qun pnroatn hnsi`rt`r ` um sgspnikgsg. Nm nsn snmtahg, um knikg hn cumh`onmt`e aopgrt`mia` snrà e` i`mtah`h hn ounstr` haspgmajen hn e` qun hnpnmhnrà, pgr r`zgmns gjva`s, iu`ens snràm e`s prunj`s ` ncnitu`r. Nm iu`mtg ` e` prnsnmia` prnsnmia` hn egs `mtïbnmgs @JG nm p pe`so` e`so` snoam`e, cun nst`jeniah nst`jeniah` ` pgr Q`o`s`ma y Ykar`a (01:3), sanmhg ne tïtueg hn egs oasogs abu`e g o`ygr qun `qune
gjsnrv`hg nm s`eav`. E` tapacai`iaùm hn amhavahugs snirntgrns onha`mtn e` táimai` hn `jsgriaùm ’ amkajaiaùm (vnr i`pïtueg O`mik`s hn s`mbrn) mg rnsuet` hacaiuetgs` y gcrnin junmgs rnsuet`hgs, oanmtr`s qun `qunee` hn `jsgriaùm ’ neuiaùm punhn `rrgd`r c`esgs mnb`tavgs p`r` e` prnsnmia` hn um `mtïbnmg. Nst` satu`iaùm satu`iaùm sn hnjn ` q qun un e`s sust`mia sust`mia`s `s snirnt`h`s ssgm gm sgeujens y, pgr eg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
t`mtg, pghrï`m snr hnsi`rt`h`s nm egs p`sgs hn e`v`hg. Vgr t`e ogtavg, e` ôetao` hn e`s táimai`s mg ns `igmsnd`jen p`r` prgins`r nstn tapg hn ounstr`s. ^m knikg ` tnmnr ouy nm iunmt` nm e` amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs gjtnmahgs, hnrav` hn e` sanoprn pgsajen igmt`oam`iaùm hne snonm prnsnmtn igm ceudg v`bam`e (eg iu`e giurrn amv`ra`jenonmtn nm kasgp`hgs v`bam`ens) y/g s`mbrn hn e` vïitao`. Nm nsn i`sg, `ebumgs `utgrns hns`igmsnd`m e` hntnroam`iaùm hne brupg y, hn ncnitu`reg, tnmnr ouy prnsnmtn qun, nm ne rnsuet`hg gjtnmahg, janm puhg k`jnr amceuahg e` prnsnmia` hn haikgs ceuahgs. Nm t`e snmtahg, rnsuet` hn suo` utaeah`h ne igmgiaoanmtg hne brupg s`mbuïmng hn e` vïitao` y, hn snr pgsajen, ne hne sgspnikgsg, `e abu`e qun ne i`ràitnr snirntgr g mg hn egs oasogs.
00.3 Gtr`s hntnroam`iagmns. Hgs sust`mia`s iuy` hntnroam`iaùm sunen amvnstab`rsn nm ne `màeasas hn o`mik`s hn snonm, y` sn` pgr qun sgm sgeaiat`h`s pgr e` amstruiiaùm g janm pgr e` amceunmia` qun nm egs rnsuet`hgs hn e`s pnraia`s pghrï`m tnmnr, sgm e` s`eav` y e` o`tnra` cni`e.
00.3.0 Amvnstab`iaùm hn s`eav`. Ya janm e` oaso` mg pgsnn um o`ri`hgr i`r`itnrïstaig, um` nenv`h` igminmtr`iaùm hn e` nmzao` `oae`s` subnrarï` e` prnsnmia` hn nstn ceuahg. Zn`itavgs4
• Juccnr pK 3.14 hasgevnr :,2 b hn M`VG 8K: oàs 9,1 b hn M` :VG8K y 6,: b hn M`Ie (2 oO) nm >66 oe hn K:G hnagmaz`h`
• Bne4 hasgevn hasgevnrr 6,0b hn `b`rg `b`rgs` s` y 6,6 6,6:b :b hn @eoahùm sgeujen n nm m 06 oe hn Juccnr pK 3.1 Vrginhaoanmtg4 Sgei`r e` sgeuiaùm hne bne nm um` iàpsue` hn Vntra peàstai` hn 0> x 066 oo y hnd`r nm rnpgsg k`st` qun sn cgron ne bne. Eunbg pr`itai`r nm ne oasog, igm `yuh` hn um` Vapnt` V`stnur g saoae`r, kgyunegs snp`r`hgs pgr um` hast`mia` hn, `e onmgs, 0,> io y eunbg
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
snojr`r e`s ounstr`s y igmtrgens igm iuah`hg hn mg rnj`es`r egs gracaiags. Egs ôetaogs punhnm snr, pgr ndnopeg, s`eav` sam haeuar y nm haeuiagmns 04>66 y 040.666, egs iu`ens, `hnoàs, snrvaràm p`r` tnmnr um` ahn` `prgxao`h` hn e` igminmtr`iaùm hn s`eav` nm e` ounstr` nm nstuhag, ` p`rtar hn e` onhah` hn egs haàontrgs gjtnmahgs. X`p`r e` iàpsue` n amiuj`r ` 92´I tgh` e` mgikn. Eunbg `haiagm`r ` e` pe`i` um` haeuiaùm 04066 hn um` sgeuiaùm hn yghg s`tur`h`. E` prnsnmia` hn iïriuegs ie`rgs nm tgrmg ` um kgyuneg amhai` rn`iiaùm pgsatav` p`r` e` prnsnmia` hn e` nmzao` nm e` ounstr` nm iunstaùm.
00.3.: Amvnstab`iaùm hn o`tnra` cni`e.
V`r` t`e cam, sn `m`eaz` e` prnsnmia` hn urgjaeamù urgjaeamùbnmg. bnmg. Nstn tnst sn j`s` nm e` cgro`iaùm hn um igopendg vnrhn ceugrnsinmtn zami ’ urgjaeam`. Ne urgjaeamùbnmg ns gxah`hg ` urgjaeam` e` iu`e ns sgeujen nm `eigkge, y `sï, nm prnsnmia` hn um` s`e mnutr` hn zami nm sgeuiaùm `eigkùeai` sn cgro` ne onmiagm`hg igopendg igopendg.. Vrginhaoanmtg4 prnp`r`r um nxtr`itg `iugsg hn e` o`mik` nm um tujg pnqunðg. Igegi`r e` oaso` i`mtah`h hn `bu` nm um snbumhg tujg igog igmtrge. @haiagm`r ` i`h` tujg 9 bgt`s hn um` sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn iegrurg onriôraig nm nt`mge. @haiagm`r um vgeuonm abu`e hn um` sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn iegrurg hn zami nm nt`mge y `bat`r. Eunbg gjsnrv`r j`dg euz ^.S. ^m` ceugrnsinmia` nst`jen hn igegr vnrhn amhai` e` prnsnmia` hn urgjaeamùb urgjaeamùbnmg. nmg.
Jajeagbr`cï`. O`mik`s hn nspnro`.Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e. B`riï` Cnrmàmhnz, D.I. Bu`tneena O.@. C`iuet`h hn C`ro`ia` y Jagquïoai` hn e` ^mavnrsah`h hn Junmgs @arns.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
O`mik`s hn nspnro`. Cnrmàmhnz N.D, V`hue`, Z.@., Burrn`, O.E., I`rr`r, @.K. Yniiaùm Puïoai` Jageùbai` hn e` Vgeaiï` Cnhnr`e @rbnmtam`. E` Puïoai` @m`eïtai` nm e` Amvnstab`iaùm hne Hneatg. Nhaiagmns Vgeaia`ens. YR@CY, ANC Rgrlskgp. Xuisgm, @razgm`, NN^^, Gitgjnr, :9 ’ :8, 0.116. Iursg hn Nmtrnm`oanmtg nm ne `màeasas hn o`mik`s hn snonm. K`tik, @. Iraon E`jgr`tgry Xuisgm Vgeain, @razgm`, NN^^. E` Nvahnmia` Oáhaig Enb`e nm Hneatgs Igmtr` e`s Vnrsgm`s y Ounrtns Sagenmt`s. E`bunms, O., Cnrr`ra, E.@., Cnhnraia, Z.N., Hn Xgo`s, M.V. Yuprno` Igrtn hn Dustaia` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. >9 ’ >;, :.666. @màeasas Ynrgeùbaig. Ynrgeùbaig. Havasaù Havasaùm m E`jgr`tgrag CJ CJA.A. I`pïtueg S. HM@ Vrgcaeamb. Mnw Xgge Eamls Nvahnmin tg Yuspnits ^AX Kabk Inrt`amty. Ypnia`e Znpgrt. Xkgrmtgm D.A., I&NM. Mgvnojnr :6, 0.1;1. Hastrajutagm jy @onrai`m Iknoai`e. Yt`amamb gc Ypnro`tgzg` watk Lnrmniktrgt `mh Vairgamhabgi`roamn cgr Oairgsigpai`e Ahnmtacai`tagm. Ytgmn A.I. YRACY, Iraoam`e Amvnstab`tagm E`jgr`tg E`jgr`tgry, ry, Ynptnojnr 0.12:. Bnmntai O`rlnrs am Kuo`m Ynonm4 @ Znvanw. Je`ln, N.X., Ynms`j`ubk, D. Cgr. Yia. :0 4 2;8 ’ 213, 0.123. Xkn amhavahu`eaty gc Ynonm, watk Zncnrnmin tg Ats Vrgpnrty gc Amkajatamb Ypniacai`eey Asgkno`bbeutam`tagm. Asgkno`bbeuta m`tagm. Q`o`l`oa, L. Dgurm`e gh Aooumgegby, Sge. 0:, (9), 0;> ’ 0;1, 0.1:3. Jeggh Brgup Yujst`mins am Jghy Ceuahs. Igop`rasgm gc tkn Igminmtr`tagms am Ynonm `mh
Y`eav`. Y`tg, O., Gttnmsggsnr, C. Dgurm`e gc Cgrnmsai Onhaiamn, Sge. 08 (0), 96 ’ 9;, 0.132. 0.132. Xuogr O`rlnrs. J`bsk`wn, L.H. Jr. D. I`minr 8; 4 032 ’ 02>, 0.119. ^sn gc Kuo`m Vrgst`tn Ypniacai @mtabnm am Ogmatgramb I`minr. Luray`o`, O., R`mb, O.I., Enn, I.E., V`psahnrg, E.H., Laee`m, I.Y., Am`da, K., Ye`il, E.K., Maskaur`, X., Iku, X.O. I`minr Zns. 80 . 9.;28 ’ 9.;23.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`.
On`surnonmt gc Vrgst`tn ’ Ypniacai @mtabnm jy Z`hagaooumg`ss`y. Eanhtln Z.E., J`tdnr, D.H. Ieam. Ikno. 96 4 381 ’ 3>:, 0.1;8. Ogmgiegm`e @mtajghy tg Kuo`m Vrgst`tn @mtabnm. V`psahnrg, E.H., Irabk`m, B.@., R`mb, O.I., Luray`o`, O. Dgkmsgm N.@., S`enmzune`, E.@., Iku, X.O. Kyjrahgo` : 4 091 ’ 082, 0.1;9. Cgrnmsai Hntnitagm gc Ynonm A. Xkn @iah Vkgspk`t`sn Xnst, H`en E. E`ux, O.Y., @ttgrmny Bnmnr`e Dao Vntrg‑s Gccain, Gkag Jurn`u gc Iraoam`e Ahnmtacai`tagm, 86>> Kabke`mhnr V`rlw`y, Zaikcaneh, Gkag 88:;3. Xkn qu`mtat`tavn `iah pkgspk`t`sn tnst. @ st`tastai`e `m`eysas gc nmhgbnmgus `mh pgstigat`e `iah pkgspk`t`sn pkgspk`t`sn envnes am tkn v` v`bam`, bam`, Ynms`j`ubk Ynms`j`ubk BC. Dgurm`e gc Cgrnms Cgrnmsai ai Yianmins, :8 (:), @prae 0121, pp. 983-93>. Znea`jaeaty gc tkn `iah pkgspk`t`sn tnst cgr tkn ahnmtacai`tagm gc snoam`e ceuah, Yikacc @C., Dgurm`e gc Cgrnmsai Yianmins, :9 (8), Gitgjnr 012;, pp. ;99-;89. Xkn @iah Vkgspk`t`sn Xnst cgr Ynoam`e Yt`ams, @ Ytuhy gc Znea`jaeaty gc @bnh Yt`ams, Yahmny L`yn, DG^ZM@E GC IZAOAM@E @MH IZAOAMGEGBQ gc Mgrtkwnstnrm ^mavnrsaty Sge. 80, Mg. 1, O`rik-@prae, 01>0. Nmiyiegpnha` gc Cgrnmsai Yianmins, Xkrnn-Sgeuon Ynt, Nhatnh Jy D`y Yanbne , Oaikab`m Yt`tn ^mavnrsaty, N`st E`msamb, ^.Y.@. Bngccrny Lmupcnr , M`tagm`e Xr`amamb Inmtnr cgr Yianmtacai Yuppgrt tg Iraon Amvnstab`tagm, K`rpnreny K`ee, Irggl, ^L , Vnll` Y`ullg , ^mavnrsaty gc Xurlu, Came`mh, Nesnvanr, :666.
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
I`pïtueg 0: Nstuhag hn hgiuonmtgs.
@utgr4 S`enmtam` B`rrgtn Hginmtn hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Pi` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV. @mtgmag Cgrtn. Vnratg hne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` @snsgrï` Vnraia`e hnpnmhanmtn hne Vghnr Duhaia`e hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns.
Amtrghuiiaùm. Nm nstn i`pïtueg, mgs rncnrarnogs `e `màeasas qun sn ncnitô` sgjrn um hgiuonmtg iu`mhg sn sgspnik` hn e` `utnmtaiah`h hne oasog< y` sn` pgrqun ástn k` sahg `huetnr`hg, ns hniar sn en k` oghacai`hg p`ria`e g tgt`eonmtn su m`tur`enz` grabam`e, g janm ns ne rnsuet`hg hn um` c`esacai`iaùm, y` qun sn eg k` igmcniiagm`hg aoat`mhg gtrg hgiuonmtg. Iu`equanr tapg hn hgiuonmtg punhn snr gjdntg hn `màeasas hnpnmhanmhg hn iu`e sn` nstn (jaeentns, sneegs, p`b`rás, iknquns, tïtuegs hn prgpanh`h, `it`s, nti) ne `màeasas sn
inmtr`rà nm ne p`pne igm ne qun nstàm igmcniiagm`hgs, nm e` aoprnsaùm hn sneegs g o`ri`s hn snburah`h g nm e` nsiratur` hn egs oasogs, puhanmhg snr ást` o`musirat`, oni`mgbr`ca`h` g aoprns`, grabam`e g cgtgigpa`.
Ne `màeasas hne p`pne amieuyn hntnroam`r su m`tur`enz`, `sï igog t`ojaám e` `etnr`iaùm hn e` oaso`, y` sn` pgr e` nxastnmia` hn jgrr`hgs, e`v`hgs g zgm`s hne p`pne qun k`m sahg rnnope`z`h`s pgr gtr`s (p`rikns). 929
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@e ncnitu`r um jgrr`hg cïsaig ` tr`vás hn `ebôm nenonmtg qun `jr`sagmn e` supnrcaian supnrcaian nsirat` ( bgo` hn jgrr`r, jasturï, nti.), e`s cajr`s hne p`pne panrhnm su grhnm`oanmtg grabam`e y ne p`pne hasoamuyn su nspnsgr y s`tam`hg. Vgr gtrg e`hg, e` tamt` tnmhrà o`ygr hacusaùm nm e` zgm` hgmhn e`s cajr`s nstàm hnsgrhnm`h`s. V`r` amhavahu`eaz`r nst`s zgm`s ns ôtae utaeaz`r ne oátghg hn aeuoam`iaùm pgr tr`msp`rnmia`, pnrg sa ne jgrr`hg mg ns ouy prgcumhg y mg eenb` ` gjsnrv`rsn càiaeonmtn hn nst` o`mnr`, ns hn br`m utaeah`h e` gjsnrv`iaùm ` e` euz ^.S. Nst` táimai` k` pràitai`onmtn rnnope`z`hg ne usg hn o`tnra`e puevnruenmtg qun qunh` `hknrahg ` e` zgm` nrgsagm`h` g e` nxpgsaiaùm hne hgiuonmtg ` v`pgrns hn A: , j`s`hg nm e` `jsgriaùm hn e` zgm` `cnit`h` rnspnitg `e sgpgrtn. E` neniiaùm hn e` nxpgsaiaùm ` e` euz ^.S. sn j`s` nm e` mg `etnr`iaùm hne hgiuonmtg y nm e` r`pahnz hne `màeasas. Ne gjdntavg hn um jgrr`hg quïoaig ns hnigegr`r e` tamt` g janm k`inre` sgeujen p`r` nxtr`nre` càiaeonmtn hne sgpgrtn. V`r` ástg, sn utaeaz`m igopunstgs gxah`mtns qun sgm i`p`ins hn "je`mqun`r" egs pabonmtgs, sam hnstruar ne sgpgrtn. Vghnogs iat`r nmtrn neegs `e àiahg kapgiegrgsg, `e pnro`mb`m`tg hn pgt`sag y `e àiahg gxàeaig nm sgeuiaùm `iugs` hn kapgiegratg hn sghag. ^m` vnz hnigegr`hgs, egs pabonmtgs hnjnm snr rnogvahgs igm `bu` hnstae`h`. Hn tgh`s o`mnr`s, ne sgpgrtn panrhn su s`tam`hg y `etnr` su rubgsah`h, pgr eg qun e`s zgm`s qun k`m sahg tr`t`h`s t`ojaám punhnm snr ahnmtacai`h`s pgr nxpgsaiaùm ` e` euz ^.S.
@bgt`hg ne nstuhag nstuhag hne sgpgrtn, igmta igmtamô` mô` ne `màeasas hn e` nsiratur`, igopgm igopgmnmtn nmtn ouy aopgrt`mtn hnmtrg hn um hgiuonmtg. Ns nm nstn p`sg, hgmhn sn nv`eô`m tapgs y t`o`ðg hn entr`s, e` prgj`jaeah`h hn qun um` pnrsgm` sn` g mg e` qun igmcniiagmù ne o`musiratg igop`r`mhg su nsiratur` hn puðg y entr` igm e` hne o`musiratg iunstagm`hg, e` nxastnmia` hn nmtrniruz`oanmtgs nmtrn tr`zgs hn tamt`s, hn nstrï`s nm egs tr`zgs g iu`equanr gtr` p`rtaiue`rah`h qun punh` eenb`r ` hncamar g snð`e`r e`s `iiagmns ndnriah`s sgjrn ne hgiuonmtg
y pgr quanm g quanmns k`m sahg rn`eaz`h`s. Nm ne i`sg hn snr pgsajen, sn jusi` pghnr nst`jeninr e` nh`h rne`tav` hn um hgiuonmtg hujat`hg igm su amhujat`hg g hn hastamt`s zgm`s hn su nsiratur`< igog t`ojaám nm i`sgs ouy nspnia`ens, pghnr `rraj`r ` e` igmieusaùm sgjrn e` cnik` hn igmcniiaùm, `huetnr`iaùm g c`esacai`iaùm hne hgiuonmtg (nh`h `jsgeut`), sanoprn hnmtrg hn um o`rbnm hn tanopg. 928
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Ns nm nstn p`sg hne `màeasas hgmhn amtnrvanmn e` I`eabr`cï`, hasiapeam` qun utaeaz` hacnrnmtns amstruonmtgs ùptaigs igog eup` saopen, eup` jamgiue`r, oairgsigpag hn hastamtgs `uonmtgs, y hastamtgs cgigs hn aeuoam`iaù aeuoam`iaùm m hn v`ra`h`s amtnmsah`hns y igm hacnrnmtns àmbuegs hn amiahnmia`. @itu`eonmtn, nxastnm nxastnm táimai`s hn `màeasas `màeasas oàs sgcastai`h`s ig igog og ne prgins`oanmtg y `màeasas habat`e hn aoàbnmns, qun ` tr`vás hn cunmtns hn euz nm um `opeag r`mbg hne nspnitrg
(vasajen, uetr`vagent` n amcr`rrgdg) y ne nopeng hn sgctw`rn `sgia`hg, `pgrt` amcgro`iaùm `haiagm`e ` e`s táimai`s tr`haiagm`ens tr`haiagm`ens.. Ns aopgrt`mtn hnst`i`r qun e`s táimai`s `rraj` mgojr`h`s, pnroatnm `m`eaz`r um hgiuonmtg hn cgro` mg hnstruitav`, pgr eg qun sanoprn hnjnm ncnitu`rsn nm praonr` amst`mia` y prnva`onmtn `e `màeasas quïoaig y irgo`tgbràcaig hn e`s tamt`s. Nm nstn i`pïtueg, mgs rncnrarnogs nspnia`eo nspnia`eonmtn nmtn ` nstgs hgs ôetaogs `spnitgs.
0:.0 @màeasas quïoaig hn um hgiuonmtg. ^m` vnz `bgt`h`s e`s pnraia`s cïsai`s mg hnstruitav`s, igoanmz` ne `màeasas quïoaig, tnmhanmtn ` pgmnr hn o`macanstg e` nxastnmia` hn oàs hn um tapg hn tamt` nm e` nsiratur` hn um hgiuonmtg, g ne tapg g tapgs hn tamt` utaeaz`h`s. Yn hain qun sn tr`t` hn um nstuhag hnstruitavg y` qun, pgr ndnopeg, nm ne `màeasas igmgiahg igog "nms`yg ` e` bgt`", egs rn`itavgs utaeaz`hgs y igegi`hgs sgjrn egs tr`zgs hn nsiratur` (àiahgs cunrtns, àei`eas y hastamtgs sgevnmtns), punhnm `cnit`r ne sgpgrtn. ^m` `etnrm`tav` p`r` nvat`r e` hnstruiiaùm tgt`e hne hgiuonmtg y qun ns ne prginhaoanmtg k`jatu`e
us`hg nm e` nxtr`iiaùm hn ounstr`s prnva` ` um` irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` hneb`h` (XEI), ns nxtr`nr um` pnqunð` pgriaùm hne tr`zg gjdntg hn nstuhag, pnrg hn tghgs oghgs, ne hgiuonmtg ns hnstruahg p`ria`eonmtn. Hnjahg ` ástg, hnjn amcgro`rsn ` e` `utgrah`h qun sgeaiat` ne `màeasas qun ne hgiuonmtg rnsuet`rà `etnr`hg eunbg hne nstuhag, pgr eg qun hnjn nspnr`rsn e` `utgraz`iaùm
92>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
nsirat` p`r` eenv`reg ` i`jg. @saoasog, nm nstgs i`sgs rnsuet` amhaspnms`jen rn`eaz`r um` iuah`hgs` hgiuonmt`iaùm hgiuonmt`iaùm cgtgbràcai` hne hgiuonmtg prnvag ` su `etnr`iaùm.
0:.0.0 Nms`ygs quïoaigs ` e` bgt`. Ne cumh`onmtg hn nstn `màeasas sn j`s` nm e` nxastnmia` hn hacnrnmtns tapgs hn tamt`s, e`s iu`ens prnsnmt`m um hntnroam`hg igopgrt`oanmtg crnmtn ` hastamtgs rn`itavgs quïoaigs. @sï, ne gjdntavg hne oasog ns igop`r`r haikgs igopgrt`oanm igopgrt`oanmtgs tgs igm ne prnsnmt`hg pgr e`s tamt`s iunstagm`h` iunstagm`h`s. s.
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Hnsirapiaùm hne hgiuonmtg.
Ne praonr p`sg nm ne `màeasas hn um hgiuonmtg n amhnpnmhanmtnonmtn hn e` táimai` utaeaz`h` p`r` ástg, ns k`inr um` hnsirapiaùm hnt`ee`h` hne hgiuonmtg ` `m`eaz`r, hgiuonmt`mhg igm cgtgs, nsi`mn`hgs g cgtgigpa`s, ne nst`hg hne hgiuonmtg `mtns hn snr sgontahg ` `màeasas. Vgr gtrg e`hg, hnjnm ahnmtacai`rsn pnrcnit`on pnrcnit`onmtn mtn e`s zgm`s qun snràm nstuha`h`s, eg qun pnroatarà e` igrrnit` amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs gjtnmahgs.
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@brnb`hg hn egs hacnrnmtns rn`itavgs. V`r` nstg sn utaeaz` um` oairgpapnt`, hnd`mhg i`nr um` bgt` hne rn`itavg sgjrn ne
tr`zg qun k` hn snr `m`eaz`hg. Nxastnm > brupgs hn rn`itavgs4
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@iahgs4 (KIe `e > % < àiahg gxàeaig `e 06 %) @iahgs4
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Jàsaigs4(M`GK Jàsaigs4 (M`GK `e : %< MK `e > %)
(M`GK `e : %< MK 9 `e > %)
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Znhuitgrns4 (YmIe: `e 06 % nm KIe 6,0M< `bu` s`tur`h` hn YG : , kahrùbnmg m`ianmtn)
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Gxah`mtns4 (`bu` hn jrgog< `bu` hn iegrg< kapgiegratg hn sghag `e 06 %) Gxah`mtns4
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Kanrrg4 cnrrgia`murg hn pgt`sag `e > % nm KIe 6,0M % nm Kanrrg4 KIe 6,0 M). Eunbg hne `brnb`hg hne rn`itavg nenbahg hnmtrg hn egs pnrtnmnianmtns ` um brupg, sgjrn
i`h` um` hn e`s pgriagmns hne hgiuonmtg, sn hnd` `itu`r `prgxao`h`onmtn 0 oamutg. Ne 923
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
nxinsg hn rn`itavg hnjn snr neaoam`hg igm p`pne `jsgrjnmtn y eunbg e` zgm` e`v`rsn igm `bu` hnstae`h` y sn gjsnrv`m egs rnsuet`hgs. Hn nst` o`mnr` sn nvat` qun ne sgpgrtn sn hnstruy` oàs hn eg mnins`rag. Nxastnm t`je`s igmcniiagm`h`s pgr hastamtgs `utgrns, qun igmsabm`m egs rnsuet`hgs gjtnmahgs p`r` hacnrnmtns hacnrnmtns tapgs hn tamt`s. ^m` hn nee`s sgm e`s t`je`s hn G' K`r` y Gstnrjurb. Hnjahg ` qun `itu`eonmtn e`s tamt`s oàs utaeaz`h`s sgm e`s tamt`s hn jgeïbr`cgs y ` qun nm ne onri`hg nxastn um` br`m v`ranh`h hn ást`s y igm hacnrnmtn igopgsaiaùm, mg ns pgsajen gjtnmnr um` j`sn hn h`tgs qun amieuy` egs rnsuet`hgs hn nstn tapg hn prunj`s. Nm ne i`sg hn nsiratur`s oni`mgbr`ca`h`s, ne mnbrg hn kuog prnsnmtn nm e` tamt` utaeaz`h` ns rnsastnmtn ` e` o`ygrï` hn egs rn`itavgs, pgr eg qun nmo`si`r` egs rnsuet`hgs. @saoasog, p`r` nms`y`r e` rnspunst` hn i`h` tr`zg hn tamt` crnmtn ` pgr eg onmgs umg hn egs rn`itavgs hn i`h` brupg, sn mninsat` nxtr`nr ouik`s pgriagmns hn e` nsiratur`, grabam`mhg qun ne hgiuonmtg hnj` hnstruarsn nm br`m onhah`, `etnr`mhg hncamatav`onmtn e` prunj`. Vgr gtrg e`hg, nm e` o`ygrï` hn egs i`sgs, mg sn jusi` igmginr iuàe ns ne tapg hn tamt` utaeaz`hg, samg nm hncamar sa k`y oàs hn um tapg hn tamt` hnmtrg hn e` igmcniiaùm hn um oasog hgiuonmtg g hn v`rags `sgia`hgs. Igm ástn gjdntavg, ns sucaianmtn k`inr um `màeasas igop`r`tavg nmtrn egs hacnrnmtns tr`zgs qun ` saopen vast` punhnm ogstr`rsn eabnr`onmtn hacnrnmtns g mg. Nstn `màeasas ns bnmnr`eonmtn rn`eaz`hg pgr irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` hneb`h`.
0:.0.: Nx`onm irgo`tgbràcaig nm i`p` hneb`h`.
^m` tamt` nstà cgro`h` pgr um ianrtg môonrg y tapg hn pabonmtgs. Ne knikg qun hgs tamt`s punh`m gjsnrv`rsn amhastamt`s ` e` euz vasajen, g amieusg ` e` uetr`vagent` g amcr`rrgd`, mg aopeai` qun egs pabonmtgs qun e`s cgro`m sn`m egs oasogs. E` XEI pnroatn snp`r`r egs pabonmtgs qun igopgmnm um` tamt` y eunbg igop`r`regs igm egs qun igmcgro`m gtr`, cumh`onmtàmhgsn nm ne knikg qun hgs igopunstgs hn hacnrnmtns nstruitur` ogeniue`r hacnraràm nm su igopgrt`oan igopgrt`oanmtg mtg irgo`tgbràcaig. 922
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@e `m`eaz`r um hgiuonmtg ns aopgrt`mtn rn`eaz`r, p`r` e`s oaso`s ounstr`s, hacnrnmtns igrrah`s irgo`tgbràcai`s igm hastamtgs sgevnmtns, y` qun hn ást` o`mnr` mgs `snbur`ogs e` snp`r`iaùm tgt`e hn tghgs egs pabonmtgs qun igopgmnm um` tamt`. Vrginhaoanmtg.
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Hnsirapiaùm hne hgiuonmtg4 E` `peai`iaùm hn táimai`s hnstruitav`s hne hgiuonmtg hnjn ar prninhah` hn um`
hgiuonmt`iaùm cgtgbràcai` hne oasog ogstr`mhg su nst`hg grabam`e y e`s `etnr`iagmns prghuiah`s hnspuás hn su `màeasas.
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Nxtr`iiaùm hn egs tr`zgs Hn o`mnr` hn gjtnmnr e`s ounstr`s hn tamt`s y hnstruar eg onmgs pgsajen ne
hgiuonmtg, sn utaeaz` um s`i`jgi`hgs hn pnqunðg haàontrg (6,> oo, snbôm amhai`m Lnopmy y Je`mig) g nm su hncnitg um jasturï, igm egs qun sn nxtr`nm pnqunð`s pgriagmns hn egs tr`zgs. Ns hn neniiaùm tgo`r zgm`s nm hgmhn nxast`m nmtrniruz`oanmtgs g um` o`ygr hnsi`rb` hn tamt`, hn o`mnr` t`e hn gjtnmnr e` o`ygr i`mtah`h hn ounstr` nm e` onmgr supnrcaian pgsajen. Eunbg hn e` nxtr`iiaùm, igegi`r i`h` pgriaùm pnrcnit`onmtn ahnmtacai`h` nm tujgs hn nms`yg pnqunðgs g nm pe`i`s hn tgqun t`ojaám ahnmtacai`h`s, p`r` prginhnr ` nxtr`nr e` tamt` hne sgpgrtn (p`pne, tne`s, nti.) Gtr` ontghgegbï` hn tr`j`dg igmsastn nm igegi`r harnit`onmtn e` zgm` hn sgpgrtn
nxtr`ïh` sgjrn ne pumtg hn sanojr` hncamahg nm ne irgo`tgcgeag. Ygjrn i`h` cr`bonmtg, sn hnd`m i`nr bgt`s hne sgevnmtn hn nxtr`iiaùm nenbahg k`st` gjsnrv`r e` tr`mscnrnmia` hn e` tamt` hnshn ne sgpgrtn grabam`e `e irgo`tgcgeag. Nstn oátghg ns pgig ncaianmtn y prgpnmsg ` qun e` ounstr` sn hnsprnmh` hn e` pe`i`.
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Nxtr`iiaùm hn e`s tamt`s.
92;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Nxastnm havnrsgs sgevnmtns y onzie`s hn egs oasogs qun sn utaeaz`m p`r` e` nxtr`iiaùm, hnpnmhanmhg hne tapg hn tamt` qun sn hnsnn nxtr`nr. Ne sgevnmtn oàs bnmnr`e y igoômonmtn us`hg, ns e` paraham` g onzie`s paraham` - `bu` (046.:).Gtrgs sgevnmtns ouy utaeaz`hgs nspnia`eonmtn p`r` tamt`s hn jgeïbr`cg, sgm ne ont`mge g e` onzie` prgpunst` pgr M`l`our`- Ykaogh`, Ykaogh`, jut`mge-nt`m jut`mge-nt`mge-`bu` ge-`bu` (>64 0 0640>) 640>) ^m` vnz qun e`s ounstr`s hn egs tr`zgs k`m sahg `ase`h`s n ahnmtacai`h`s sn `brnb`, ` i`h` um` hn ást`s, um` ` hgs bgt`s hne sgevnmtn `hniu`hg. Nspnr`r k`st` qun e` tamt` hacumh` tgt`eonmtn hnshn ne sgpgrtn k`st` ne sgevnmtn, gjsnrv`mhg iùog ástn sn igegrn` pgr e` tamt` y ne sgpgrtn panrhn tghg r`strg hn e` oaso`, `yuh`mhg igm um vùrtnx `e onmgs hur`mtn 0> oamutgs. Nm ne i`sg hn tr`t`rsn hn tamt`s hn sneegs, um i`sg p`rtaiue`r `m`eaz`hg nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` @snsgrï` Vnraia`e hne Vghnr Duhaia`e hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns, pnroataù eunbg hn hacnrnmtns nms`ygs nxpnraonmt`ens, igmieuar qun ást`s pghï`m nxtr`nrsn hne p`pne utaeaz`mhg paraham` 4 `ogmï`ig (040). Nm nstn nms`yg sn igegiù um` bgt` hn `ogmï`ig sgjrn ne cr`bonmtg nenbahg y snp`r`hg hne hgiuonmtg. Yn hndù `itu`r k`st` mgt`r e` hacusaùm hn e` tamt` y eunbg sn igegiù um` bgt` hn paraham`, igm e` iu`e sn rntgoù e` tamt`. Vgstnragronmtn, egs nxtr`itgs cunrgm snojr`hgs nm um irgo`tgcgeag KVXEI ZV-0; C:>8 y sn utaeazù igog sgevnmtn hn igrrah` ne prgpunstg pgr M`l`our`Ykaogh`.
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Yanojr` hn e`s ounstr`s. Ne nxtr`itg eïquahg gjtnmahg hn i`h` um` hn e`s ounstr`s, snrà um pumtg hn sanojr` nm
e` pe`i` irgo`tgbràcai`. Egs irgo`tgcgeags qun k`jatu`eonmtn sn utaeaz`m sgm pe`i`s hn saeai`bne 36 C :>8 Onril. Ne amhai`hgr hn ceugrnsinmia` sarvn nm egs i`sgs nm qun nxast` um igopgmnmtn hn
`ebum` hn e`s tamt`s qun prnsnmtn ceugrnsinmia` ` e` euz uetr`vagent`, puhanmhg hacnrnmia`re` hn gtr`s qun `e amtnrv`eg hn egmbatuhns hn gmh` hne vasajen, prnsnmtnm egs oasogs pabonmtgs. E`s pe`i`s igonria`ens igoômonmtn us`h`s, sgm iu`hr`h`s y hn :6 io hn e`hg. E`s oaso`s hnjnm igrt`rsn nm su p`rtn onha`, t`e iu`e eg amhai` e` cabur` 0:.0.
921
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
06 io
✀
:6 io
Cabur` 0:.0. Igrtn hn e` pe`i` irgo`tgbràcai`. Hn nst` o`mnr`, sn gjtnmhràm hgs pe`i`s hn 06 io hn `etg pgr :6 io hn `mikg. Ns aopgrt`mtn rn`eaz`r um igrtn p`rndg y tr`t`mhg hn mg h`ð`r e` sïeai`bne, y` qun pnqunð`s aopnrcniiagmns hne sgpgrtn punhnm `cnit`r e` igrrnit` rnsgeuiaùm hn egs igopgmnmtns. Nm e` cabur` 0:.: sn ounstr` e` hast`mia` ` e` qun sn sanojr`m e`s ounstr`s (eïmn` hn sanojr`) y ne nsp`iag qun sn hnjn hnd`r nmtrn i`h` um` hn nee`s( pumtgs hn sanojr` ).
0.> io
Eïmn` hn sanojr` Vumtgs hn sanojr` Cabur` 0:.:. O`ri`hg hn e` pe`i` irgo`tgbràcai`.
•
Yanojr`.
E` sanojr` hn i`h` um` hn e`s ounstr`s sn rn`eaz` igm um i`pae`r hn vahrag ouy camg k`st` `bgt`r egs nxtr`itgs eïquahgs. Nm ne i`sg qun e` ounstr` sn k`ee` nv`pgr`hg `e ogonmtg hn e` sanojr`, ást` hnjn snr rntgo`h` igm 0 ` : bgt`s hne sgevnmtn us`hg nm e` nxtr`iiaùm. 9;6
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Ns ouy aopgrt`mtn um` igrrnit` sanojr`, pnroatanmhg qun ne sgevnmtn sn nv`pgrn eunbg hn i`h` tgqun y `mtns hne sabuanmtn. V`r` ástg, ne irgo`tgcgeag punhn igegi`rsn sgjrn um` pe`i` i`enc`itgr` hn o`mnr` t`e hn `inenr`r e` nv`pgr`iaùm hne sgevnmtn us`hg nm e` nxtr`iiaùm. Vnrg e` tnopnr`tur` mg hnjn snr nxinsav`onmtn `et`, y` qun pghrï` `cnit`r egs pabonmtgs qun igopgmnm e`s tamt`s. Gtr` cgro` hn pnroatar e` ràpah` nv`pgr`iaùm hne sgevnmtn p`r` qun e` ounstr` hacumh` eg onmgs pgsajen sgjrn e` sïeai` nm ne pumtg hn sanojr` gjtnmanmhg oàiue`s janm hncamah`s y iariue`rns, ns us`r um` igrranmtn hn `arn (nd.4 sni`hgr hn i`jneeg, i`egvnmtgr, nti.) nm harniiaùm ` e` sanojr`. Nm nstn i`sg t`ojaám hnjn tnmnrsn iuah`hg igm e` tnopnr`tur` `ei`mz`h`.
•
@màeasas irgo`tgbràcaig. Nm nstn p`sg ns cumh`onmt`e utaeaz`r ne sgevnmtn hn igrrah` `hniu`hg, y `sï gjtnmnr e`
ondgr rnsgeuiaùm hn egs igopgmnmtns hn e`s tamt`s. Eg qun sn jusi` ns tnmnr j`mh`s eg oàs snp`r`h`s y hncamah`s pgsajens. Vgr gtrg e`hg ns mnins`rag rn`eaz`r e` igrrah` irgo`tgbràcai irgo`tgbràcai` ` igm `e onmgs hgs sgevnmtns hn igrrah` hacnrnmtns, hn o`mnr` hn `snbur`rmgs `e snp`r`iaùm tgt`e hn tghgs egs pabonmtgs. Yn k`m prgpunstg hacnrnmtns sgevnmtns g onzie`s hn ástgs, sanmhg egs oàs igoômonmtn us`hgs egs sabuanmtns4
• Jut`mge - nt`mge - `bu` (>640640>), prgpunstg pgr M`l`our`-Ykaogh` y ns ne sgevnmtn hn igrrah` qun ondgr pghnr rnsgeutavg tanmn p`r` e` o`ygrï` hn e`s tamt`s hne onri`hg.
• Asgprgp`mge - `bu` - m-jut`mge (:>4:>4>6).
• m prgp`mge cnmge `bu` (:;4240>). • @int`tg hn ntaeg - nt`mge - `bu` - ( 2649>4 96). Ns rnigonmh`jen igegi`r ne sgevnmtn hn igrrah` nm e` iuj` irgo`tgbràcai`, umgs 0> oamutgs `mtns hn igegi`r e` irgo`tgpe`i` hnmtrg. Nstg pnroatn um` junm` s`tur`iaùm hn e` iuj` igm egs v`pgrns hne sgevnmtn y um` ondgr igrrah`.
9;0
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Hnjn tnmnrsn iuah`hg igm ne vgeuonm hn sgevnmtn qun sn igegi` nm e` iuj`. Nstn mg hnjn snr t`e qun, nm `etur`, eenbun g supnrn e` eïmn` hn sanojr`. Ya `sï cunr`, sn prghuiarï` e` "amumh`iaùm" hn e`s zgm`s hn sanojr` y ne "e`v`hg" hn e`s oaso`s. Ne sgevnmtn hnjn eenb`r ` egs pumtgs hn sanojr` sgeg pgr i`pae`rah`h. Hn nst` o`mnr`, ne vgeuonm hn sgevnmtn hn igrrah` hnpnmhnrà hne t`o`ðg hn e` iuj` y hn e` `etur` hn e` eïmn` hn sanojr`. Vgr gtrg e`hg, y um` vnz igonmz`h` e` igrrah`, mg hnjn ogvnrsn ma `jrarsn e` iuj`, qun hnjn nst`r inrr`h` knroátai`onmtn y mavne`h`. V`r` egbr`r um junm inrr`hg sn utaeaz` br`s` saeaigm`h` g v`sneam`. Hn nst` o`mnr` nvat`ogs e` párhah` hn sgevnmtn pgr nv`pgr`iaùm y ne i`ojag hn igopgsaiaùm hne oasog hnjahg ` e`s hacnrnmtns vge`taeah`hns hn sus igopgmnmtns.
E` igrrnit` mavne`iaùm hn e` iuj` pnr pnroatn oatn um` igrrah` p p`rnd` `rnd` hn egs
pabonmtgs, eg iu`e sn tr`huin nm j`mh`s igop`r`jen igop`r`jenss ` tr`vás hn sus Zc.
0:.: Irgo`tgbr`cï` Eïquah` hn @et` Vnrcgo`min. Vnrcgo`min. ^m oátghg qun gcrnin o`ygr i`p`iah`h hn igop`r`r ounstr`s hn tamt`s ns ne qun rnnope`z` e` XEI igm e` irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` hn `et` pnrcgo`min. Nst` táimai` pnroatn e` pgsajaeah`h hn gjtnmnr hn egs paigs rnsunetgs nm ne irgo`tgbr`o` nspnitrgs igopentgs iu`mhg sn utaeaz` um hntnitgr igm `rrnbeg hn haghgs, `hnoàs hn pnroatar ` tr`vás hne sgctw`rn qun `igop`ð` ` egs KVEI e` igop`r`iaùm harnit` hn egs irgo`tgbr`o`s hn rncnrnmia` y e`s ounstr`s iunstagm`h`s y sus nspnitrgs. E` nenitrgcgrnsas i`pae`r, igmsahnr`h` pgr ouikgs igog e` táimai` suinsgr` hne KVEI t`ojaám k` sahg `peai`h` igm br`m áxatg ` e` rnsgeuiaùm hne nstuhag hn tamt`s.
• Vrginhaoanmtg4
E` o`ygrï` hn e`s tamt`s hn jgeïbr`cgs hn igegr mnbrg hnjnrï` snr sgeujens nm um sgevnmtn hn nxtr`iiaùm igopunstg hn >> % hn `intgmatraeg y 8> % hn um` sgeuiaùm `iugs` hn KNVNY 6,66> O pK 8,2. Ne oasog sgevnmtn sn utaeaz`rà igog c`sn oùvae nm e` irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` hn c`sn rnvnrs`. Egs snbonmtgs prgvnmanmtns hne hgiuonmtg iunstagm`hg sn gjtanmnm onha`mtn um` `bud` i`eajrn :6 qun sn utaeaz` ` oghg hn s`i`jgi`hg. Xr`mscnrar 06 hn nstgs snbonmtgs ` um tujg nppnmhgrcc hn 0,> oe igm e` `yuh` hn um kaeg ontàeaig. @brnb`r 6,> oe hne sgevnmtn 9;:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
hn nxtr`iiaùm y igegi`r nm um j`ðg uetr`sùmaig hur`mtn 0> oamutgs p`r` c`iaeat`r e` nxtr`iiaùm hn e` tamt`. Yn hnjn `brnb`r ounstr`s gjtnmah`s hne p`pne nm zgm`s sam nsiratur` y hn zgm`s hgmhn e` tamt` mg nstà j`dg sgspnik`h`. Inmtracub`r egs nppnmhgrcc p`r` snhaonmt`r e`s cajr`s hn p`pne nm suspnmsaùm g caetr`r pgr caetrgs p`r` ounstr`s hn 6,: oair`s.
•
Nspnitrgcgtgontrï` Sasajen.
^taeaz`r iujnt`s hn vahrag hn vgeuonm pnqunðg. Zn`eaz`r um nsi`mng hn e` zgm` igoprnmhah` nmtrn 9>6 y 2>6 mo igm um `mikg hn j`mh` hn 0 mo hne sgevnmtn hn nxtr`iiaùm purg y utaeaz`re` igog eïmn` hn j`sn, gjtnmnr um nspnitrg hne p`pne sam tamt` y hn e`s zgm`s igmca`jens y j`dg sgspnik`. Yn rnigoanmh` gjtnmnr `e onmgs >6 nspnitrgs y prgonha`regs. Nxastnm v`rags oátghgs p`r` ne prgins`oanmtg hn h`tgs, `umqun e` gjtnmiaùm hn e` praonr y snbumh` hnrav`h` igm iu`equanr sgctw`rn hn `màeasas nst`hïstaig pnroatn rns`et`r e`s pnqunð`s hacnrnmia`s sa nst`s nxastnm.
•
@màeasas pgr Irgo`tgbr`cï` Eïquah` hn @et` Vnrcgo`min. Nquaeajr`r um` igeuom` hn c`sn rnvnrs` (I0;) hn :6 io hn e`rbg (hp > oair`s) igm e`
c`sn oùvae utaeaz`h` nm e` nxtr`iiaùm. @dust`r ne i`uh`e ` 6,9 oe/oam. Znsuet` ùptaog utaeaz`r um sastno` H@H (hntnitgr hn `rrnbeg hn haghgs) p`r` ondgr`r e`s pgsajaeah` pgsajaeah`hns hns hn igop`r`iaùm, hn eg igmtr`rag rnbastr`r ` um` egmbatuh hn gmh` prgonhag gjtnmah` hn egs nspnitrgs
`mtnragrns. Igop`r`r egs iirgo`tgbr`o`s rgo`tgbr`o`s igm rnspnitg `e môonrg hn pa paigs, igs, tanopgs h hn n rntnmiaùm y `etur`s rne`tav`s hn egs paigs.
0:.9 Habat`eaz`iaùm hn Aoàbnmns. Aoàbnmns.
9;9
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
^m` ao`bnm b (x, y) , nm pramiapag, ns igmtamu` t`mtg nm e` v`ra`iaùm nsp`ia`e
(iggrhnm`h`s x, y ) igog nm e`s `opeatuhns (rnsgeuiaùm nm mavnens hn bras g Jats). V`r` qun um` ao`bnm sn` rnprnsnmt`h` nm um igoput`hgr, ns mnins`rag qun sn` habat`eaz`h`, t`mtg nm ne hgoamag nsp`ia`e (x, y) igog nm ne hn e`s `opeatuhns. Yupgmb`ogs um` ao`bnm igmtamu`, igmtamu`, b(x, y) , rnprnsnmt`h` nm cgro` hn um` o`traz M x M4
B(x,y)
B(6,6)
b(6,0)
b(6,:)
.....
b(6,M-0)
B(0,6)
b(0,0)
b(0,:)
.....
b(0,M-0)
.........
.........
.......... ........
...........
........
............
........ .......
..............
b(M-0,6) b(M-0,0) b(M-0,:)
... b(M-0,M-0)
hgmhn 4 i`h` nenonmtg hn o`traz ns um v`egr nmtnrg, b(a, d) ? b(a x,d y) , igog a,d ? 6, 0, :, .... M-0 y sgm egs amtnrv`egs hn ounstrng nm e`s harniiagmns x n y rnspnitav`onm rnspnitav`onmtn. tn. Nst` niu`iaùm rnprnsnmt` um` ao`bnm habat`e. I`h` nenonmtg hn e` o`traz ns igmgiahg igog um nenonmtg hn ao`bnm ù VA[NE. Ne v`egr hn i`h` nenonmtg, hnmgt`hg pgr um mavne hn bras, hnjn nst`r hnmtrg hn um amtnrv`eg camatg, (6, L-0) , hgmhn L ns ne môonrg hn v`egrns pgsajens hn mavnens hn iu`mtaz`iaùm. Egs prginsgs hn ounstrng nm e`s iggrhnm`h`s nsp`ia`ens x n y nm um` braee` hn pumtgs MxM y hn iu`mtaz`iaùm hn egs mavnens hn bras igmtamugs nm L v`egrns sgm igmgiahgs igog Ounstrng y Iu`mtaz`iaùm rnspnitav`onmtn. Iu`mtg oàs cam` e` braee` hn ounstrng, (M oàs br`mhn), y e` iu`mtaz`iaùm, (L o`ygr),
Iu`mtg oàs cam` e` braee` hn ounstrng, (M oàs br`mhn), y e` iu`mtaz`iaùm, (L o`ygr), ondgr snrà e` `prgxao`iaùm hn e` ao`bnm grabam`e. Ndnopeg hn um` ao`bnm habat`e4
9;8
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
I`h` ―iu`hr`hg‟ hn e` ao`bnm rnprnsnmt` um pïxne (nsi`e` ouy nx`bnr`h`), igm v`egrns t`mtg nsp`ia`ens (x, y) igog nspnitr`ens. @ oghg hn igop`r`iaùm, igop`r`iaùm, ndnopeg hn pneïiue` cgtgb cgtgbràcai` ràcai` igmvnmi igmvnmiagm`e4 agm`e4
E` pgsajaeah`h hn tr`t`r um` ao`bnm igog um igmdumtg hn môonrgs `saoae`jens pgr um igoput`hgr pnroatn qun nstn punh` rn`eaz`r hastamtgs `màeasas y rn`eins sgjrn e` ao`bnm grabam`e.
0:.8 Oátghgs hn @màeasas. @màeasas. 9;>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@itu`eonmtn pghnogs pghnogs havahar egs oátghgs hn `màeasas hn h`tgs hn Ynmsgrns Habat`ens nm hgs br`mhns brupgs4 @M@EAYAY SAY^@E
-
@M@EAYAY HABAX@E
Vghnogs hniar, qun ` pns`r qun e` táimai` hn `màeasas vasu`e ns `mtnragr ` e` hn `màeasas habat`e, `itu`eonmtn ns mnins`rag praonrg um `màeasas habat`e, y` qun ianrtgs tr`t`oanmtgs ondgr`m e` i`eah`h hn e` ao`bnm, c`iaeat`mhg pgr nmhn su `màeasas vasu`e. Nmtgmins, pghnogs hncamar `e Vrgins`oanmtg y @màeasas Habat`e hn Aoàbnmns igog4 XNIMAI@ P^N MGY VNZOAXN NE @M@EAYAY Q O@MAV^E@IAGM HN AOÀBNMNY VGZ ^M IGOV^X@HGZ iuy` cacam`eah`h m`eah`h ns4 0.- N[XZ@NZ AMCGZO@IAGM HN AOÀBNMNY :.- XZ@MYCGZO@Z E@ AO@BNM HN OGHG P^N E@ AMCGZO@IAGM YN@ O@Y C@IAEONMXN HAINZMAJEN VGZ NE GDG K^O@MG. Xapgs hn Aoàbnmns. Aoàbnmns. Hnmtrg hne hgoamag nsp`ia`e tnmnogs hgs br`mhns brupgs4 e`s Aoàbnmns Nsi`e` hn Bras y e`s Aoàbnmns Igegr. Ianrtgs prgbr`o`s mgs pnroatnm gjtnmnr um` ―Ao`bnm‟ hn su nspnitrg, `peai`mhg `peai`mhg Xr`mscgro`h` hn hn Cguranr4 tnmhrï`og tnmhrï`ogss um` ao`bnm hnmtrg hne hgoam hgoamag ag hn e`s crniunmia`s . Igegr 4
Ne nopeng hne igegr nm ne prgins`oanmtg hn aoàbnmns nstà ogtav`hg pgr hgs c`itgrns pramiap`ens. Vraonrg, nm ne `màeasas `utgoàtaig hn aoàbnmns, ne igegr rnprnsnmt` um pgtnmtn hnsiraptgr qun ` onmuhg saopeacai` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn um gjdntg y su nxtr`iiaùm hn um` nsinm`. Ynbumhg, nm ne `màeasas hn aoàbnmns rn`eaz`hg pgr snrns kuo`mgs, ne amtnrás pgr ne igegr rnsahn nm qun munstrg gdg ns i`p`z hn hasinrmar oaens hn o`tains n amtnmsah`hns hn igegr, nm igop`r`iaùm igm sùeg hgs hginm`s hn mavnens hn bras.
9;3
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Ne prgins`oanm prgins`oanmtg tg hn aoàbnmns nm igegr sn havahn nm hgs àrn`s cumh`onmt`en cumh`onmt`ens4 s4 ne
prgins`oanmtg nm igegr rn`e g tghg igegr y nm c`esg igegr. Nm e` praonr` i`tnbgrï`, e`s aoàbnmns nm iunstaùm sn `hquanrnm onha`mtn um snmsgr hn igegr, igog um` iào`r` habat`e g um nsiàmnr. Nm e` snbumh` i`tnbgrï`, ne prgjeno` igmsastn nm `sabm`r um mavne hn igegr ` um` hntnroam`h` amtnmsah`h g r`mbg hn amtnmsah`hns ogmgirgoàtai`s. @umqun ne prginsg snbuahg pgr ne inrnjrg kuo`mg p`r` pnriajar ne igegr ns um cnmùonmg psaigcasageùbaig qun tgh`vï` mg sn k` eenb`hg ` nmtnmhnr, e` m`tur`enz` cïsai` hne igegr sn punhn nxprns`r nm um` j`sn cgro`e igrrgjgr`h` pgr egs rnsuet`hgs nxpnraonmt`ens y tnùraigs. Jàsai`onmtn, egs ig igegrns egrns qun egs snrns kuo`mgs kuo`mgs pnriajao pnriajaogs gs nm um gjdntg nstàm hntnroam`hgs pgr e` m`tur`enz` hn e` euz rncend`h` pgr ne gjdntg. E` euz vasajen nstà cgro`h` pgr um` j`mh` hn crniunmia`s rne`tav`onmtn nstrnik` hne nspnitrg nenitrgo`bmátaig. ^m iunrpg qun rncendn euz qun nstá rne`tav`onmtn nquaeajr`h` nm tgh`s e`s egmbatuhns hn gmh` `p`rnin igog je`mig p`r` ne gjsnrv`hgr. Yam noj`rbg, um iunrpg qun tanmn um` o`ygr rncenit`mia` nm um` hntnroam`h` j`mh` hne nspnitrg vasajen `p` `p`rnin rnin igog ige igegrn`hg. grn`hg. Vgr n ndnopeg, dnopeg, egs gjdntgs hn iigegr gegr vnrhn rncend`m e` euz igm egmbatuhns hn gmh` nsnmia`eonmtn nm e` j`mh` nmtrn >66 y >26 m`mùontrgs, oanmtr`s qun `jsgrjnm i`sa tgh` e` nmnrbï` nm e`s rnst`mtns egmbatuhns hn gmh`.
@peai`iagmns4 `.- Hntniiaùm hn `huetnr`iaùm hn hgiuonmtgs, amieuynmhg4 jgrr`hg, nmoanmh`s, supnrpgsaiaùm hn tamt`s, ahnmtacai`iaùm pgr rnspunst` nspnitr`e hn hastamtgs tapgs hn tamt`s,
onhaiaùm hn nspnsgrns hn tr`zgs, nti. j.- Zn`ein y ondgr`oanmtg hn pe`i`s XEI y irgo`tgbràcai`s nm egs i`sgs qun e`s igrrah`s sgm pgig hasinrmajens `e gdg kuo`mg. i.- I`ptur` y ondgr`oanmtg hn aoàbnmns aoàbnmns nm rnvnmahgs nm ogtgr ogtgrns ns y `ro`s, ondgr`mhg su vasu`eaz`iaùm vasu`eaz`iaù m y igtndg pgr supnrpgsaiaùm nmtrn egs môonrgs. h.- Ogrcgontrï` n ahnmtacai`iaùm hn hastamtgs tapgs hn cajr`s.
9;2
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
9;;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
I`eabr`cï`4 `.- Vnroatn e` i`ptur` hn hgiuonmtgs y tr`zgs j`dg eup` jamgiue`r hn `et` rnsgeuiaùm, ù oairgsigpag, pnroatanmhg e` gjsnrv`iaùm ` nsi`e`s o`ygrns ` e`s k`jatu`ens y su pgstnragr br`cai`iaùm nm `et` rnsgeuiaùm. j.- Igtndg hn nsiratur`s oniàmai`s g o`musirat`s pgr supnrpgsaiaù supnrpgsaiaùm. m. i.- @etnr`iagmns nm hgiuonmtgs, c`esacai`iagmns hn p`pnens hn usg gcaia`e. h- Igtndg pgr supnrpgsaiaùm hn tapgbr`cï` nm oàquam`s hn nsirajar.n.- Hntnroam`iaùm hn c`esacai`iaùm hn p`pne ogmnh`. c.- Igtndg pgr supnrpgsaiaù supnrpgsaiaùm m hn sneegs, ` cam hn hntnroam`r egs `pùiracgs. b.- Hntnroam`iaùm hn supnrpgsaiaùm supnrpgsaiaùm hn nsiratur`s igm sneegs.
9;1
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@peai`iagmns igm iào`r` IIH ouetanspnitr`e (uetr`vagent` ’ amcr`rrgdg). Eg `mtnragronmtn nxpunstg sn rn`eaz` igm um snmsgr qun i`pt` sge`onmtn ne nspnitrg vasajen, g sn` ne r`mbg igoprnmhahg nmtrn e`s egmbatuhns hn gmh` hn 6.8 y 6.23 m`mùontrgs hne nspnitrg nenitrgo`bmátaig, sanmhg saopenonmtn eg qun vnm munstrgs gdgs (e`s igojam`iagmns igojam`iagm ns hn rgdg, vnrhn y `zue), rnbaùm ást` ouy pnqunð pnqunð` ` hne i`opg hn e`s gmh`s nenitrgo`bmátai`s. Nm nstn `opeag nspnitrg, (ne hn e`s gmh`s nenitrgo`bmátai`s), sam noj`rbg, nxastnm havnrsgs r`mbgs hn ¨euz¨ qun munstrgs gdgs y egs snmsgrns igmvnmiagm`ens mg punhnm vnr, igog sgm egs r`ygs [, egs ^EXZ@SAGENX@Y, y cumh`onmt`eonmtn egs AMCZ@ZZGDGY.
@ei`mins Vnraia`ens hne Amcr`rrgdg.
Nm e` `itu`eah`h sn k` `janrtg um i`opg suo`onmtn nxtnmsg ` e` habat`eaz`iaùm amcr`rrgd` nm eg qun sn rncanrn `e nstuhag hn hgiuonmtgs, ahnmtacai`iagmns y hnsiujraoanmtgs hn e`s c`esacai`iagmns. c`esacai`iagmns. E Egs gs pabonmtg pabonmtgss y egs ige igegr`mtns gr`mtns y, nm igmsniunmia igmsniunmia`, `,
e`s tamt`s,
916
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
j`rmains, pamtur`s y i`p`s qun egs igmtanmnm, rn`iiagm`m hn o`mnr` hacnrnmtn `igrhn ` su pghnr rncenitgr `mtn ne amcr`rgdg, sanmhg pgr nmhn ahnmtacai`jens `igrhn ` su igopgsaiaùm. Vghnogs iat`r, ` oghg hn ndnopeg, `ebum`s hn e`s `peai`iagmns.
Hgiuonmtgegbï`. `.- Znigmstatuiaùm hn Hgiuonmtgs Puno`hgs4 Nstn prgjeno` sn prnsnmt` ouy igopendg nm e` amvnstab`iaùm Iraoamgeùbai` y Duhaia`e. ^m hgiuonmtg i`eiam`hg punhn k`jnr nxpnraonmt`hg tnopnr`tur`s ouy v`ra`jens, y snbôm su sgpgrtn, prnsnmt`m nm nst`hg ouy hacnrnmtn egs pgsajens pgsajens tr`zgs rnsahu`ens rnsahu`ens hne nsiratg ` hntnroam`r. E` habat`eaz`ia habat`eaz`iaùm ùm amcr`rgd` gjr`, nm nstgs i`sgs, i`sgs, nsnmia`eonmtn nsnmia`eonmtn pgr e`s ha hacnrnmia`s cnrnmia`s hn rn rnspunst` spunst` nspni nspnitr`e tr`e nmtrn egs igopgmnmtns hne p`pne y hn e` tamt`, sanmhg nmtgmins càiaeonmtn ahnmtacai`jen um` nsiratur`.
j.- @brnb`hg hn nmoanm nmoanmh`s h`s igm hastamt`s tamt` tamt`s4 s4 I`h` tam tamt` t` pgsnn u um` m` rnspun rnspunst` st` nspnitr`e hastamt` `mtn ne amcr`rrgdg, pgr nmhn sgm càiaeonmtn hasinrmajens. hasinrmajens.
910
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
i.- X`ik`hur`s4 ns pgsajen, br`ia`s e` pnmntr`iaùm hne amcr`rgdg sgjrn egs sgpgrtns ineueùsaigs, rnbastr`r nsiratur`s t`ik`h`s g ncnitu`h`s nm hastamtgs tanopgs pgr hastamt`s tamt`s.
h.-O`ri`s sgjrn p`pne sujy`inmtn `e nsiratg4 sgm càiaeonmtn ahnmtacai`jens egs surigs j`dgrrneanvn. n.-Igop`r`iaùm pgr supnrpgsaiaùm hn hastamt` tapgbr`cï` nm oàquam`s hn nsirajar n aoprnsgr`s. c.-Càiae ahnmtacai`iaùm hn nsiratur` nm p`pnens pnb`hgs, br`ia`s `e pghnr hn pnmntr`iaùm hne
amcr`rrgdg nm o`tnra`ens ineueùsaigs. b.-Ahnmtacai`iaùm hn t`rdnt`s o`bmátai`s `huetnr`h`s (t`rdnt`s hn iráhatg, t`rdnt`s hn `iinsg ` iunmt`s j`mi`ra`s, nti.) k.-Ahnmtacai`iaùm nm um oasog hgiuonmtg hn hastamt`s tamt`s4 @peai`mhg e` táimai` hne amcr`rrgdg, sn nvat`rï` nm praonr` amst`mia` ncnitu`r e`s ieàsai`s irgo`tgbr`cï`s, e`s iu`ens aopeai`m um igstg hn rn`itavgs y pe`i` hn igrrah` y um tanopg nstao`hg hn hgs kgr`s, sanmhg `hnoàs um` táimai` hnstruitav`. @peai`mhg e` táimai` hne amcr`rgdg, mg nxastarï` igstg `ebumg 91:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
nm rn`itavgs, ne tanopg sn eaoat`rï` ` snbumhgs, y e` táimai` snrï` MG hnstruitav`, pnroatanmhg `hnoàs ahnmtacai`r ie`r`onmtn e` zgm` hne hgiuonmtg qun cun `etnr`h`. a.- Vnrcnit` rnigmstruiiaùm hn nsiratur`s t`p`h`s g igrrnbah`s igm igrrnitgrns.
0:.8 Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs rnsuet`hgs. Crnmtn ` um hntnroam`hg rnsuet`hg, ns hacïiae `snbur`r e` abu`eh`h nmtrn hgs g oàs tamt`s. @ p`rtar hn nst` táimai` sn igmieuyn qun e`s tamt`s `m`eaz`h`s prnsnmt`m ne oasog g hastamtg igopgrt`oanmtg irgo`tgbràcaig crnmtn ` e`s igmhaiagmns utaeaz`h`s nm ne nms`yg. V`r` eenb`r ` `snbur`r e` abu`eh`h nmtrn hgs tamt`s hnjnrï`m k`inrsn ouikgs nms`ygs,
amhnpnmhanmtns nmtrn sï y crnmtn ` hastamt`s igmhaiagmns (sgevnmtn hn nxtr`iiaùm, hn igrrah` , tapg hn irgo`tgpe`i`, nti.), pnrg nm e` pràitai` nstg ns pràitai`onmtn aopgsaj aopgsajen, en, y` qun `mtn tghg hnjn rnsbu`rh`rsn e` amtnbrah`h hne hgiuonmtg. I. Zgux nt `e. `e. igmcaro`rgm ` tr`vás hn um tr`j`dg e` aaopgrt`mia` opgrt`mia` h hn n igojam`r hastamt`s táimai`s nm ne nstuhag hn tamt`s. Nstn brupg, `m`eazù pgr trns ontghgegbï`s hacnrnmtns (caetnrnh eabkt nx`oam`tagm (CEN)< rncenit`min vasajen oairgspnitrgpkgtgontry (OYV)< y tkam-e`ynr irgo`tgbr`pky (XEI), e`s tamt`s hn hastamt`s o`ri`s hn jgeïbr`cgs 919
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
prnsnmtns nm ne onri`hg `ustr`ea`mg. Egs rnsuet`hgs gjtnmahgs hnounstr`m qun e` XEI sabun sanmhg e` ontghgegbï` igm o`ygr i`p`iah`h hn hasiraoam`r tamt`s, amieusg hacnrnmia`r o`ri`s, oghnegs y p`rtah`s, `umqun sn igmieuyù um` igojam`iaùm sniunmia`e hn e`s trns táimai`s pnroatï` um` hasiraoam`iaùm hasiraoam`iaùm supnragr. ^m` táimai` qun pnroatn um` nxinenmtn br`hg hn igop`r`iaùm nmtrn ounstr`s ns e` CXAZ (Cguranr Xr`mscgronh Amcr`rnh). Nstn oátghg nspnitrgcgtgoátraig punhn snr `igpe`hg ` e` XEI onha`mtn ne `màeasas pgr rncenit`mia` hn e`s j`mh`s snp`r`h`s `brnb`mhg oàs p`ràontrgs hn igop`r`iaùm. Yam noj`rbg, e` igojam`iaùm hn ást` igm munv`s táimai`s hn `v`mz`h` t`ens igog ne prgins`oanmtg y `màeasas habat`e hn aoàbnmns,
e` irgo`tgbr`ca` eïquah` hn `et`
pnrcgro`min (KVEI) y e` nenitrgcgrnsas i`pae`r, pnroatnm gjtnmnr rnsuet`hgs i`h` hï` oàs `i`j`hgs sgjrn e` `utnmtaiah`h hn um hgiuonmtg.
Jajeagbr`cï`.
Je`s, E. "Puïoai` hn e`s tamt`s" Bu`tneea. "Buï` hn Xr`j`dgs Vràitaigs hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e" C`iuet`h hn C`ro`ia` y Jagquïoai`, ^J@ (012;) O`ik`hg Yika`ccamg, I`regs @. "Vrunj`s pnraia`ens" Nh. E` Zgi`, (01;1)
Vgeaiï` Cnhnr`e @rbnmtam`. "Xr`t`hg hn iraoam`eïstai` - Xgog A, Hgiuonmtgs- Yu nstuhag `m`eïtaig-pnraia`e"`m`eïtaig-pnrai a`e"- Nh. Vgeaia`e (01;9) I. Zgux, O. Mgvgtmy, A. Nv`ms, I. Enmm`rh, "@ stuhy tg amvnstab`tn tkn nvahnmta`e v`eun gc jeun `mh je`il j`eepgamt pnm amls am @ustr`ea`". D. Cgrnmsai Yia. 060 032-023, (0111) Ik`rens N. G' K`r`, "Cumh`onmt`es gc Iraoam`e Amvnstab`tagm" Amvnstab`tagm"-- Cgurtk Nhatagm
918
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
"Buï` hn Ynoam`rags hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e, C`iuet`h hn Is. Nx`it`s, ^MEV", :666. "Buï` hn Xr`j`dgs Vràitaigs hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e, C`iuet`h hn Is. Nx`it`s, ^MEV", (:666) Jrumneen, Zaik`rh E. "Punstagmnh Hgiuonmt Nx`oam`tagm." Zaik`rh Y`cnrstnam, nh. Cgrnmsai Yianmin K`mhjggl. (Vrnmtain K`ee4 Nmbenwggh Ieaccs, 01;:) pp. 32:-2:>. Sgbt, I.< Jnilnr, @.< Sgbt, D. "Amvnstab`tagm gc J`ee Vgamt Vnm Amls jy I`paee`ry Nenitrgpkgrnsas Nenitrgpkgrns as (IN) watk ^S/Sas @jsgrj`min `mh …" D. Cgrnmsai Yia. 88, ;01-;90. (0111)
Tegtmail, D.@.< Yoatk, C.V. ―Ikrgo`tgbr`pkai `mh Nenitrgpkgrntai @pprg`ikns am Aml @m`eysas‟ D. Ikrgo. J, 299, :3>-:2:.( 0111) Vkgtghnbr`h`tagm Vkgtghnbr`h` tagm `mh E`snr Hnsgrptagm O`ss Ypnitrgontry cgr tkn Ik`r`itnraz`tagm gc Hyns ^snh am Znh Vnm Amls, D`oan H. Humm nt `e, D Cgrnmsai Yia, O`y, Sge. 8;, Mg. 9. (:669) Amls @m`eysas jy I`paee`ry Nenitrgpkgrnsas - @m`eytai`e Igmhatagms Gptaoas`tagm, Dg`mm` O`ma`, L`t`rzym` O`hnd, V`wn Lgianema`l, Ikno. @m`e. (R`rs`w), 82, >;> (:66:). @m`eysas gc wrattamb hynstuccs jy XEI `mh CXAZ `mh ats `ppeai`tag `ppeai`tagm m tg cgrnmsai sianmin, L`sukarg Xutsutoa `mh L`suk` Gkb`, D`p`m @m`eytai`e Yianmins, Sge. 08, @prae, 011;. J`xns, Brnbgry @., Habat`e Habat`e Ao`bn Vrgin Vrginssamb4 ssamb4 Vramiapens Vramiapens `mh @ppe @ppeai`tagms, ai`tagms, Dgkm Raeny & Ygms, Ami., Mnw Qgrl, MQ, (0118)
I`steno`m, Lnmntk Z., Habat`e Ao`bn Vrginssamb, Vrnmtain-K`ee, Ami., Nmbenwggh Ieaccs, MD, 0121. Igmr`i Igrpgr`tagm. Igrpgr`tagm. Z` Z`stnr stnr Br`pkais K`mhjggl, :mh Nhatag Nhatagm, m,
S`m Mgstr` Mgstr`mh mh Znamk Znamkgeh geh
Igmap`my, Mnw Qgrl, 01;>. Cgeny, D. H., nt `e. Cumh`onmt`es gc Amtnr`itavn Igoputnr Br`pkais, :mh Nhatagm, @hhasgmRnseny Vujeaskamb Igop`my, Zn`hamb, O@, 0116. 91>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Bgmz`enz, Z`c`ne Z`c`ne I. `mh Rggh Rgghs, s, Zaik`rh N., Hab Habat`e at`e Ao`bn Vrgi Vrginssamb, nssamb, @hhasgm Rnse Rnseny ny Vujeaskamb Igop`my, Zn`hamb, O@, 011:. Mnwo`mm, R. O. & Yprgue, Z. C. Vramiapens gc Amtnr`itïvn Igoputnr Br`pkais, OiBr`w-Kaee, Mnw Qgrl, 0129. Vr`tt, Raeea`o L., Habat`e Ao`bn Vrginssamb, Vrginssamb, Dgkm Rnseny `mh Ygm Ygms, s, Mnw Qgrl, MQ, 012;. Zgsnmcaneh, @. `mh L`l L`l,, @. @ Habat`e Vaiturn Vrgins Vrginssamb, samb, Sgeuon Sgeuonss A `mh AA. @i`hnoai Vrn Vrnss, ss, Y`m Hanbg, 01;:.
Zuss, Dgkm I., Xkn Ao`bn Vrginssamb Vrginssamb K`mhjggl, 9rh Nhata Nhatagm, gm, IZI Vrnss, Ami., Jgi` Z`tgm, CE, 011;.
I`pïtueg 09 Caigtgxam`s.
@utgr 4 Hr. H`rïg @mhramgeg. Hginmtn hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` ^MEV. 913
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
E`s ia`mgj`itnra`s (ia`mgcat`s g `eb`s vnrhn-`zuens).
E`s ia`mgj`itnra`s, ia`mgcat`s g `b`s vnrhn-`zuens sgm oairggrb`masogs prgi`ragtns,
hn ogrcgegbï` v`ra`h` y `opea` hastrajuiaùm bngbràcai`, qun igegmaz`rgm um br`m môonrg hn nigsastno`s tnrrnstrns y `iuàtaigs hnshn egs igoanmzgs oasogs hn e` vah` nm e` tanrr` k`in `prgxao`h`onmtn 9.>66.666 oaeegmns hn `ðgs. E` o`ygrï` sgm cgtgsamtntaz`hgrns y sam noj`rbg `ebumgs sgm i`p`ins t`ojaám hn vavar nm saojagsas igm kgmbgs g pe`mt`s. E`s ia`mgj`itnra`s sgm aopgrt`mtns pgr su hnst`i`h` igmtrajuiaùm ` e` prghuiiaùm prao`ra` hn o`tnra` grbàmai`, e` prghuiiaùm hn G : y ` e` cad`iaùm jageùbai` hne matrùbnmg. @ebum`s nspnians nspnians sgm iuetav`h`s p`r p`r` ` prghuiar `eaonmtgs `eaonmtgs hn `etg v`egr mutraiagm`e, mutraiagm`e, igmvnrsaùm hn nmnrbï` sge`r y prghuitgs c`ro`igeùbaigs c`ro`igeùbaigs igm um br`m pgtnmia`e. Yam noj`rbg, ianrt`s nspnians ia`mgj`itnra`m`s punhnm i`us`r prgjeno`s `e onhag `ojanmtn y ` e` s`euh kuo`m` y `mao`e. Ianrt`s nspnians, j`dg hntnroam`h`s igmhaiagmns `ojanmt`ens, bnmnr`eonmtn vamiue`h`s ` um `uonmtg hn e` tnopnr`tur` y j`d` rne`iaùm nmtrn matr`tgs y cgsc`tgs, punhnm `uonmt`r nxpgmnmia`eonmtn su jago`s` prghuianmhg cegr`iagmns (―jeggos‟) supnrcaia`ens, supnrcaia`ens, qun sgm crniunmtns nm rnsnrvgrags y iunrpgs hn `bu`s huein. E`s cegr`iagmns punhnm tnmnr grabnm ` p`rtar hn um nmraquniaoanmtg hn e`s `bu`s igm mutranmtns bnmnr`hgs pgr igmt`oam`iagmns `brïige`s, amhustra`ens y urj`mgs qun prghuinm hnbr`h`iaùm `ojanmt`e igm párhah` hn e` jaghavnrsah`h. Egs prginsgs hn nutrgcaz`iaùm prghuinm i`ojags iu`mtat`tavgs y iu`eat`tavgs nm e` igoumah`h hne catgpe`mitgm igmhuianmhg `e prnhgoamag hn ia`mgj`itnra`s (bnmnr`eonmtn k`ia` ne cam`e hne vnr`mg y nm gtgðg) h`hg qun `ebum`s nspnians tanmnm i`p`iah`h hn cad`r matrùbnmg y qun ne matrùbnmg igojam`hg ns um mutranmtn eaoat`mtn hn e` prghuitavah`h prao`ra` nm nsn ogonmtg.
E`s ia`mgj`itnra`s tnmhrï`m vnmt`d`s igopntatav`s nm nst` satu`iaùm y pgr eg t`mtg, su pgje`iaùm punhn amirnonmt`r hgoam`mhg `opea`onmtn ne catgpe`mitgm y i`us`mhg um hnsnquaeajrag oàs g onmgs hur`jen hne nigsastno` `iuàtaig. Ouikgs amvnstab`hgrns igmsahnr`m qun ne `uonmtg nm ne môonrg hn cegr`iagmns y e` hgoam`mia` irnianmtn hn e`s ia`mgj`itnra`s nm um môonrg irnianmtn hn `ojanmtns ns um nxprnsaùm hn egs i`ojags begj`ens y ns um` r`zùm o`s p`r` qun tghgs egs p`ïsns, cumh`onmt`eonmn egs o`s amhustra`eaz`hgs amhustra`eaz` hgs sn `hkanr`m `e tr`t`hg hn Lagtg. 912
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Yn k` nstao`hg qun oàs hne >6 % hn e`s prgeacnr`iagmns o`sav`s (cegr`iagmns) prghuinm y eajnr`m igopunstgs tùxaigs. E`s cegr`iagmns gi`sagm`m pnrduaiags aopgrt`mtns nm `bu`s qun sgm utaeaz`h`s igog eub`rns rnirn`tavgs (`spnitg y gegr) pnrg t`ojaám nm egs rnsnrvgrags hn `bu` hnstam`hgs `e igmsuog kuo`mg y `mao`e igmvartaámhgsn hn nst` cgro` nm um prgjeno` `ojanmt`e s`mat`rag y nigmùoaig hn nmvnrb`hur` irnianmtn. irnianmtn. Ns ne pgtnmia`e tùxaig hn ianrt`s ia`mgj`itnra`s y egs ransbgs `sgia`hgs qun tgrm`m `e`ro`mtns ` nst`s prgeacnr`iagmns. Yn igmginm hnshn k`in hái`h`s npasghags hn ounrtn hn `mao`ens hnspuás hn jnjnr `bu` igmtnmanmhg ia`mgj`itnra`s prghuitgr`s hn tgxam`s. E`s praonr`s rncnrnmia`s hn amtgxai`iagmns pgr ne igmsuog hn `bu` igmt`oam`h` pgr inp`s tùxai`s hn ia`mgj`itnra`s cunrgm hnsirapt`s nm @ustr`ea` nm 0;2; oanmtr`s qun nm @rbnmtam` Egs Hgitgrns Zambunent y Bu`rrnr` hne Ousng Ianmia`s M`tur`ens hn E` Ve`t` hnsirajnm ne praonr cegrniaoanmtg tgxïbnmg hn @oárai` nm 01>8. Hnshn nmtgmins sn k`m rnbastr`hg ammuonr`jens nvnmtgs hn nstn tapg nm tghg ne oumhg sanmhg ne o`s sabmacai`tavg ne rnbastr`hg, nm I`ru`rô (Jr`sae) nm 0113, hgmhn sn prghudg e` ounrtn hn >: p`ianmtns hn um` ieïmai` hn knoghaàeasas. Vrunj`s hn e`jgr`tgrag hnogstr`rgm qun e`s ounrtns cunrgm prgvgi`h`s pgr ia`mgtgxam`s prnsnmtns nm ne `bu` utaeaz`h` nm egs tr`t`oanmtgs, gjtnmah` ` p`rtar hn `bu` prgvnmanmtn hn um noj`esn igm um` aopgrt`mtn cegr`iaùm hn ia`mgj`itnra`s. Nm egs onhags hn `bu` huein, egs pramiap`ens bámnrgs hn ia`mgj`itnra`s tùxai`s qun sn k`m hnsiraptg sgm Oairgiystas, @m`j`nm`, Ve`mltgtkrax, @m`j`nmgpsas, @pk`mazgonmgm, Iyeamhrgspnrogpsas, Mgstgi, Z`pkahagpsas, Gsiaee`tgra`, Eymbjy`, Mghue`ra`, Yymnikgiystas y ^onz`la`, sanmhg e`s nspnians hne bámnrg Oairgiystas e`s rnspgms`jens hn oàs hne 36 % hn
egs i`sgs hn amtgxai`iaùm nm tghg ne oumhg. E` tgxaiah`h hnpnmhn hn e`s inp`s y ns crniunmtn nmigmtr`r rncnrnmia`s `e bámnrg oàs qun ` e` nspnian tùxai`.
Ne praonr `mtninhnmtn hn amtgxai`iagmns hnjah`s ` e` prnsnmia` hn ia`mgj`itnra`s nm ne igmg sur ns hne `ðg 01>8, iu`mhg sn vnracaiù um` ogrt`mh`h hn b`m`hg y pnins nm e` e`bum` hn Y`m Oabune hne Ogmtn, nm igamiahnmia` igm um` cegr`iaùm hn @m`j`nm` iariam`eas y Oairgiystas `nrubamgs`. X`ojaám sn hnsirajnm i`sgs hn ogrt`mh`h hn b`m`hg prghuiahg
pgr e` ambnst` hn `bu` hn e`bum`s y ik`rigs y hn pnins (pgr ndnopeg nm ne Zïg hn e` Ve`t` y nm ne Zïg Y`e`hg), pgsajenonmtn `sgia`hgs ` cegr`iagmns qun sgm amcgro`hgs pgr vntnram`rags, prghuitgrns n amvnstab`hgrns, sn nmbegj`m hnmtrg hn e` i`tnbgrï` ounrtn pgr 91;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
`mgxa`, pnrg qun pgr eg bnmnr`e qunh`m sam ha`bmùstaig snburg ma i`us` hntnroam`h` cnk`ianmtnonmtn.
Cab. 09.0 09.0C egrniaoanmtgs hn Oairgiystas `nrubamgs` nm e` igst`s hn Zïg hn e` Ve`t` sn rnpatnm `ðg tr`s `ðg nm zgm`s hn pnsi`, rnirn`tav`s y hn tgo` hn `bu` p`r` snr pgt`jaeaz`h pgt`jaeaz`h`. `.
Muonrgsgs `rtïiuegs sn k`m pujeai`hg nm egs ôetaogs `ðgs amcgro`mhg sgjrn cegrniaoanmtgs nm hastamtgs satags hne p`ïs. K`y rnbastrgs hn cegr`iagmns, igog e` qun sn ounstr` nm e` cabur` 0 hn nspnians pgtnmia`eonmtn tùxai`s nm e`s prgvamia`s hn Oasagmns (^rubu`y, Q`iyrntà), Y`et` (I`jr` Igrr`e), Xuiuoàm (Ne I`haee`e), Y`mta`bg hne Nstnrg (Zag Kgmhg), Iùrhgj` (Y`m Zgqun, Zag Xnrinrg, Zïg Iu`rtg), Y`m Euas (Iruz hn Vanhr`), Y`mt` Cn (Vgrto`mm), Nmtrn Zags (Y`etg Br`mhn), Junmgs @arns (V`sg hn e`s Vanhr`s y J`kï` Je`mi`), Zag Mnbrg y Mnuquám (Vneenbrama, Z`ogs Onxï`, Eao`y-Zag Mnbrg), Ikujut (Raeeao`mig, C. @onbkamg, Ikujut amcnragr). Yn k`m nmigmtr`hg nm e`s cegr`iagmns egs oàs aopgrt`mtns bámnrgs (Oairgiystas, @m`j`nm` Mghue`rï`, Iaeamhrgspnrogpsas, Gsiaee`tgra`, @pk`mazgonmgm)y nspnians tùxai`s hnsirat`s nm gtr`s p`rtns hne oumhg.
09.: Hntniiaùm hn ia`mgj`itnra`s tgxïbnm`s.
E` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn bámnrgs y nspnians hn ia`mgj`itnra`s j`s`h` nm r`sbgs ogrcgeùbaigs ns eg qun tr`haiagm`eonmtn sn k` vnmahg eenv`mhg ` i`jg. @ôm iu`mhg, e`s oaso`s tgxam`s punhnm snr samtntaz`h`s pgr nspnians hacnrnmtns, amieusg hn bámnrgs hacnrnmtns. ^m igrrnitg ogmatgrng hn e` ia`mgj`itnra`s ns hn nmgron utaeah`h t`mtg ` mavne hn igmtrge `ojanmt`e igog hn amvnstab`iaùm ianmtïcai`. Yam noj`rbg, e` aopgsajaeah`h hn hasiraoam`iaùm ogrcgeùbai` nmtrn ia`mgj`itnra`s tùxai`s y mg-tùxai`s ns um` hacaiuet`h.
911
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
E` utaeaz`iaùm hn o`ri`hgrns ogeniue`rns qun hntnitnm sùeg e`s pgje`iagmns tùxai`s amhnpnmhanmtnonmtn hn su ahnmtacai`iaùm t`xgmùoai` ns nxtrno`h`onmtn ôtae pgr su nspniacaiah`h (tnmanmhg igog je`mig sùeg ` bnmns amvgeuir`hgs nm e` jagsïmtnsas hn tgxam`s), snmsajaeah`h snmsajaeah` h y r`pahnz. Vnrg pgr ne ogonmtg mg nstàm haspgmajens.
09.:.0 Zansbg p`r` e` s`euh kuo`m` y `mao`e. E` prnvnmiaùm hn amtgxai`iagmns kuo`m`s igmsastn nm nvat`r ne igmt`itg igm br`mhns igminmtr`iagmns hn ia`mgj`itnra`s n aopnhar e` ambnst` hn sus tgxam`s y` qun e` amtgxai`iaùm pgr ambnst` hn ia`mgj`itnra`s hur`mtn `itavah`hns rnirn`tav`s k` sahg rnpgrt`h` ` mavne amtnrm`iagm`ee y sn punhn rne`iagm amtnrm`iagm` rne`iagm`r `r nstn cnmùonmg igm ne ` `uonmtg uonmtg hn b`strgnm b`strgnmtnratas tnratas igm nmrgdniaoanmtg hn ouigs`s qun sn hntnit`m tghgs egs vnr`mgs nmtrn egs j`ðast`s hn e`s igst`s hne Zïg hn E` Ve`t` y qun `iuhnm ` egs kgspat`ens egi`ens. H`hg ne ransbg qun rnprnsnmt`m e`s ia`mgj`itnra`s nm egs iunrpgs hn `bu` e` GOY 09.:) subanrn `ebumgs iratnrags y p`ràontrgs ` tnmnr nm iunmt` (Cab (Cab 09.:) @peai`mhg egs egs iratnrags igmsnmsu` igmsnmsu`hgs hgs pgr e` Grb`maz`iaùm Grb`maz`iaùm Oumha`e hn Y`e Y`euh uh (GOY), nm ―Xgxai iy`mgj`itnra` am w`tnr‟, ne ransbg rne`tavg hn tnmnr prgjeno`s hn s`euh nm E` Iunmi` hne Ve`t` ` i`us` hn cegr`ia cegr`iagmns gmns ia`mgj` ia`mgj`itnra`m`s itnra`m`s ns ouy `etg. Nstg hn hnjahg jahg ` qun ne sastno` hn tr`t`oanmtg hne `bu` pgt`jen mg iuopen hgs igmhaiagmns qun e` GOY pgstue` jàsaigs. 0.- ne tr`t`oanmtg hne `bu` mg p`s` pgr prginsgs t`ens igog gzgmaz`iaùm g caetrgs nspnia`ens hn i`rjùm `itav`hg. :.- Mg sn rn`eaz`m ogmatgrngs igmst`mtns sgjrn e` prnsnmia` hn ia`mgj`itnra`s y sus tgxam`s nm egs iunrpgs hn `bu` utaeaz`hgs igog cunmtns hn `j`stniaoanmtg. E` satu`iaùm sn `br`v` sa
igmsahnr`ogs qun e` iegr`iaùm hne `bu` prgvgi`m e` easas ineue`r y e` eajnr`iaùm hn e`s tgxam`s `e `bu` pgt`jen qun e` caetr`iaùm igmvnmiagm igmvnmiagm`e `e mg rntanmn.
Ia`mgj`itnra`s nm e` cunmtn hn `j`stniaoanmtg @bu`s hn rnirn`iaùm
@bu` hn Znh Mavne hn vabaea`mia`
¾b/e Iegrgcae` `
Ine/oe
:66 @enrt` 0
@enrt` :
6.0 866
:.666
0.6
:6.666
06
Mavne 0
066.666
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Mavne :
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Cab 09.:. Mavnens hn `enrt` y p`ràontrgs prgpunstgs p`r` ne igmtrge hn ia`mgj`itnra`s nm e`s cunmtns hn `bu` hnstam`h` `e igmsuog. Ne mavne hn vabae`mia` aopeai` `uonmt`r e` crniunmia` hn egs ogmatgrngs y e` jôsqunh` hn tgxam`s. Ne `enrt` 0 sn hnjnràm tgo`r rni`uhgs `haiagm`ens nm egs sastno`s hn pgt`jaeaz`iaùm e` `enrt` : ns e` aopgsajaeah`h hn utaeaz`r ns` cunmtn hn `j`stniaoan `j`stniaoanmtg. mtg.
09.:.: E`s ia`mgtgxam`s. E`s ia`mgj`itnra`s prghuinm um br`m môonrg hn ont`jgeatgs sniumh`rags jag`itavgs, `ebumgs hn egs iu`ens sgm tùxaigs y eajnr`hgs ` p`rtar hn e` easas ineue`r `e onhag. Nst`s ia`mgtgxam`s (Cab. 09.9), sgm igopunstgs quïoai`onmtn havnrsgs qun sn `brup`m snbôm su oghg hn `iiaùm nm knp`tgtgxam`s, mnurgtgxam`s y hnro`tgtgxam`s. E`s tgxam`s mg sgm um` i`r`itnrïstai` igmst`mtn hnmtrg hn um bámnrg g nspnian hn ia`mgj`itnra`. E`s oaso`s tgxam`s sgm samtntaz`h`s pgr v`ra`s nspnians g janm v`ra`s tgxam`s punhnm snr prghuiah`s saouetàmn`onmtn saouetàmn`on mtn pgr um` oaso` inp`. Hnmtrg hn e`s knp`tgtgxam`s sn punhnm iat`r ` e`s oairgiastam`s, e`s mghue`ram`s y e` iaeamhrgspnrogpsam`. E`s oairgiastam`s, qun sgm e`s tgxam`s oàs crniunmtnonmtn nmigmtr`h`s sgm knpt`páptahgs ogmgiïieaigs `ase`hgs pgr vnz praonr` hne bámnrg Oairgiystas. Yn igmginm
o`s hn >6 oairgiastam`s hacnrnmtns, tgh`s igmtnmanmhg ne páptahg i`r`itnrïstaig @hh` y hacnrnmiaàmhgsn snbôm ne br`hg hn ontae`iaùm, igmcabur`iaùm hne @hh` g nm e` v`ra`iaùm hn hgs `oamgàiahgs qun sn ahnmtacai`m igog [ n Q e` oairgiystam` oàs `jumh`mtn y tùxai` (HE>6 amtr`pnratgmn`e >6 ¾b/Lb) ns e` EZ qun hnmgt` e` prnsnmia` hn enuiam` y `rbamam`. E`s mghue`ram`s mghue`ram`s sgm pnmt`pátahgs ogmgiïieaigs knp`tgtùxaigs `màegbgs ` e`s oairgiastam`s, hnsiratgs pgr praonr` vnz nm ne bámnrg Gmhue`rï`, `umqun v`ra`s mghue`ram`s t`ojaám k`m sahg `ase`h`s hn nspgmd`s o`ram`s. Nm iu`mtg ` egs oni`masogs hn `iiaùm hn 860
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
e`s oairgiastam`s y mghue`ram`s sn k` prgj`hg qun ns ` tr`vás hn e` amkajaiaùm nspniïcai` hn e`s cgsc`t`s`s hn prgtnïm`s hn tapg A y :@, umaámhgsn ` e` sujumah`h i`t`eïtai`y cgro`mhg umagmns igv`enmtns igm e` nmzao`. +Nm+ pnins sn k` hnsiratg qun e` oairgiastam` EZ amkajn i`m`ens aùmaigs y ` e` jgoj` hn M` /L hn e`s jr`mqua`s y sn k` prgpunstg nstn oni`masog igog i`us` hn ogrt`mh`h..Vgr gtr` p`rtn, nstgs páptahgs iïieaigs sn samtntaz`m sabuanmhg vï`s mg rajgsgo`ens, eg qun igopeai` egs nstuhag sgjrn e` rnbue`iaùm hn su nxprnsaùm. E`s iaeamhrgsp iaeamhrgspnrogpsam`s nrogpsam`s sgm igopent`onmtn hacnrnmtns nm iu`mtg ` su oghg hn `iiaùm y k`m sahg `ase`h`s hn nspnians hne bámnrg Iaeamhrgnspnrogpsas. Y u nstruitur` igmst` hn um` bu`maham` traiïieai` igojam`h` igm kahrgxaontaeur`iaeg. Nm 0121 sn prghudg um nvnmtg hn knp`tgnmtnratas nm 091 pnrsgm`s qun jnjanrgm `bu` pgt`jen igmt`oam`h` igm nst` tgxam` nm Punnmse`mh, @ustr`ea`. mnurgtgxam`s sn nmiunmtr`m e`s `m`tgxam`s `m`tgxam`s y e`s tgxam`s p`r`eaz`mtns. Hnmtrg hn e`s mnurgtgxam`s Nst`s tgxam`s prghuinm ounrtn hn b`m`hg y gtrgs `mao`ens qun jnjnm hn e`bum`s g ik`rigs hgmhn irninm ia`mgj`itnra`s tùxai`s. Nm I`ru`rô sn k`m hntnit`hg t`ojaám tgxam`s p`r`eaz`mtns nm e` nspnian Iaeamhrgspnrogpsas r`iajgrslaa qun irnin nm rnsnrvgrag hn X`jgi`s, pgr eg qun qunh` `janrt` e` prnbumt` sa nst`s tgxam`s tuvanrgm p`rtaiap`iaùm nm ne i`sg hn amtgxai`iaùm o`sav` giurrahg nm 0113. E` `m`tgxam`-` cun praonr`onmtn `ase`h` hn e` nspnian @m`j`nm` cegs `qu` . @hnoàs hn `m`tgxam`-` sn k` hnsiratg e` kgog`m`tgxam`-` y e` `m`tgxam`-`(s `m`tgxam`-`(s), ), e`s qun pgr vï`s hacnrnmtns i`us`m p`ràeasas pgr sgjrnstaoue`iaùm ousiue`r, ousiue`r, igmvuesagmns y ounrtn nm pgigs oamutgs igm p`rg rnspar`tgrag. E`s tgxam`s p`r`eaz`mtns igoprnmhnm oàs hn 96 tgxam`s hacnrnmtns qun igop`rtnm um môieng hn tntr`kahrgpuram`. I`h` um` hn nst`s tgxam`s pgsnn hacnrnmtns tgxaiah`hns y` qun
jegqun`m igm hacnrnmtns `camah`hns egs i`m`ens hn sghag hnpnmhanmtns hn vget`dn, amkajanmhg e` prgp`b`iaùm hn egs aopuesgs mnrvagsgs y hn e` igmtr`iiaùm hn oôsiuegs nsquneátaigs. Ygm samtntaz`h`s nm ne o`r pgr hamgce`bne`hgs y nm `bu` huein pgr v`rags bámnrgs hn ia`mgj`itnra`ss igog @m`j`nm` sp., @pk`mazgonmgm sp. y Iaeamhrgspnrogpsas sp. ia`mgj`itnra` Hn onmgr ` o`ygr br`hg, e` amtgxai`iaùm igm tgxam`s p`r`eaz`mtns sn nxprns` igm p`rnstnsa` c`ia`e y hn nxtrnoah`hns, hacaiuet`h p`r` rnspar`r, hnjaeah`h ousiue`r, y ounrtn pgr p`rg rnspar`tgrag y skgil i`rhagv`siue` i`rhagv`siue`r. r. 86:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
09.:.9 Nm @rbnmtam`. K`st` e` cnik`, e`s oairgiastam`s sgm e`s ômai`s tgxam` ahnmtacai`h`s nm munstrg p`ïs, `sgia`h`s ` e` e` prnsnmia` h hn n Oairgiystas `nrub `nrubamgs`. amgs`. E` has hastrajuiaùm trajuiaùm hn O. `nrubamgs` ns `opea` nm tgh` e` iunmi` hne Ve`t`, nm e` iu`e nxastnm t`ojaám, gtr`s nspnians pgtnmia pgtnmia`eonmtn `eonmtn tùxai`s igog Iaeamhrgspnrogpsas r`igjgrlaa y v`ra`s nspnians hn `m`j`nm`s y gsiae`tgra`s. Yam noj`rbg O. `nrubamgs`, ns e` nspnian qun, nxtnmhah` nm ne tnrratgrag y giup`mhg br`m havnrsah`h hn `ojanmtns nstà sanoprn prnsnmtn nm egs nsi`sgs nvnmtgs tùxaigs hnsiratgs nm e` eatnr`tur` y gi`sagm` prgjeno`s nm ne `j`stniaoanmtg hn `bu` pgt`jen nm aopgrt`mtns iauh`hns igog igog J`kï` Je`mi` y Iùrhgj`. O `nrubamgs` prghuin cegr`iagmns amtnms`s hn egi`eaz`iaùm v`ra`jen y nspnia`eonmtn
amtnmsgs hur`mtn egs onsns iàeahgs `umqun mg sanoprn `usnmtn hur`mtn egs onsns crïgs. Hn nst` cgro` e` pgje`iaùm nstà nxpunst` ` e`s tgxam`s nm ne `bu` pgt`jen cumh`onmt`eonmtn nm vnr`mg y iu`mhg e` cegr`iaùm sn ujai` inri` hn e` tgo` hn `bu` hn e`s pe`mt`s pgt`jaeaz`hgr`s, pgr eg qun sn kapgtntaz` um nxpgsaiaùm amtnroatnmtn hn mavnens hnsigmgiahgs hn tgxam`s.
869
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Iyeamhrgspnrogpsam`
Y`xatgxam`s
@m`tgxam`s
Oairgiastam`s
Cab 09.94 E` havnrsah`h quïoai` hn e`s caigtgxam`s ns um` hn sus i`r`itnrïstai`s. Hn abu`e cgro` e` amtgxai`iaùm `buh` y ent`e hn b`m`hg y `mao`ens saevnstrns nm egs
i`opgs sn h` nm cgro` nspgràhai` hnjahg prnsumt`onmtn ` `m`tgxam`s g oairgiastam`s. @hnoàs havnrs`s havnrs`s nmcnronh`hns ` `sgia`h`s sgia`h`s ` h`ðgs h`ðgs knpàtaigs rne` rne`iagm`hgs iagm`hgs pgsa pgsajenonmtn jenonmtn igm ne igmsuog amtnroatnmtn hn O `nrubamgs` qun irnin nm ik`rigs y pnqunðgs iunrpgs hn `bu` ns crniunmtn nm e`s zgm`s b`m`hnr`s hn e` prgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns. Yn punhn `caro`r qun ne ransbg rne`tavg qun rnprnsnmt` e` prnsnmia` hn e`s oairgiastam`s nm e` iunmi` hne Ve`t` ns nmgron, h`hg4 0.- E` amtnmsah`h hn e`s cegr`iagmns. 868
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
:.-e`s havnrsah`h hn inp`s hn O `nrubamgs` qun irninm nm hastamtgs `ojanmtns 9.-Ne àrn` qun `j`ri` ne cnmùonmg, 8.-E` tgxaiah`h qun prnsnmt`m e`s hacnrnmtns inp`s y ne môonrg hn oairgiastam`s prghuiah`s. >.- E` o`bmatuh hn su pgsajen aop`itg sgjrn e` pgje`iaùm 3.- Pun punhn `cnit`r cunrtnonmtn um rniursg t`m v`eagsg igog e`s cunmtns hn `bu` pgt`jen y ne `bu` pgt`jen oaso`. Ns pgr nstg, qun nstn i`patueg pgmhrà nspnia`e `tnmiaùm nm e` tgxaigegbï` hn e`s oairgiastam`s.
09.:.8 Xgxaigegbï` hn e`s oairgiastam`s. E`s amtgxai`iagmns `buh`s ieïmai`onmtn sn nxprns`m igog vùoatgs, ha`rrn` y hnjaeah`h. E` knp`tatas tùxai` `buh` `sgia`h` igm egs cnmùonmgs hn cegr`iagmns ia`mgj`itnra`m`s ns `kgr` rnigmgiah` igog um` Xgxaigsas Ia`mgj`itnra`m` ` r`ïz hn e` amtgxai`iaùm rnbastr`h` nm I`ru`rô. E`s amtgxai`iagmns irùmai`s igm hgsas j`d`s hn oairgiastam`s pgtnmia`m e` cgro`iaùm hn tuogrns, hn knikg, nxastn um` cunrtn igrrne`iaùm nmtrn iàminr prao`rag hn kïb`hg y e` igmt`oam`iaùm igm ia`mgj`itnra`s hn e`s cunmtns hn `bu` huein qun utaeaz` e` pgje`iaùm `ôm nm `usnmia` hn i`sgs `buhgs igog egs onmiagm`hg onmiagm`hgs. s. Egs ncnitgs tùxaigs nm o`oïcnrgs gi`sagm`hgs pgr hgsas ent`ens y sujent`ens sn`m nst`s `buh`s g irùmai`s y sn` e`s tgxam`s `hoamastr`h`s amtr`pnratgmn`eonmtn g `haiagm`h`s nm `bu` g igoah` hn `mao`ens igog r`tgmns, i`jr`s y inrhgs, k`m sahg nstuha`hgs y sgm igamiahnmtns nm rno`ri`r ne i`ràitnr knp`tgtùxaig y mncrgtùxaig hn oairgiystam`s `sï igog su `iuoue`iaùm hnmtrg hn egs knp`tgiatgs y su hntniiaùm amieusg nm e` enikn hn v`i`s y i`jr`s.
E`s oairgiastam`s
nmtr`m nm egs k knp`tgiatgs np`tgiatgs vï` ne sastno` hn tr` tr`mspgrtn mspgrtn
ouetanspniïcaig hn egs àiahgs jaea`rns. Nstn oni`masog p`rtaiue`r hn pnmntr`iaùm nxpeai` ne trgpasog ineue`r hn e`s oairgiastam`s. Ne oghg hn `iiaùm amtr`ineue`r nstà onha`hg pgr e` amkajaiaùm nspniïcai` hn e`s cgsc`t`s`s hn prgtnïm`s VV0 y VV:@ (snram/trngmam cgsc`t`s`s) eg qun prgvgi` um` kapnrcgscgrae`iaùm hn e`s prgtnïm`s knpàtai`s. Ne rnsuet`hg ns hacnrnmtn snbôm ne tapg ineue`r y e` hgsas. Ne pramiap`e ùrb`mg je`mig hn oairgiystam` ns ne kïb`hg, hgmhn prgvgi` e` párhah` hn e` amtnbrah`h hne iatgnsqunentg, hasgia`iaùm ineue`r, párhah` hn e` 86>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
nstruitur` hne p`rámquao` knpàtaig y pgr t`mtg hn su cumiaùm. @hnoàs, prgvgi`m e` havasaùm ineue`r hn egs knp`tgiatgs (qun punhn hnsnmi`hnm`r nm cgro`iaùm hn tuogrns y e` hae`t`iaùm hn egs v`sg hne sastno` v`siue`r knpàtaig eenv` ` e` v`sgigmbnstaùm. E` hntniiaùm hn oairgiastam`s nm pe`so` hn pnrsgm`s amtgxai`h`s sn ` prgpunstg igog o`ri`hgr hn nxpgsaiaùm y hn knikg ns ne ômaig o`ri`hgr hn nxpgsaiaùm igm qun igmt`ogs. E` iu`mtacai`iaùm hn oairgiastam`s nm pe`so` sn punhn k`inr onha`mtn nms`ygs tapg NEAY@ g Irgo`tgbr`cï` hn @et` Vrniasaùm. Yn k`m prgpunstg igog o`ri`hgrns hn nxpgsaiaùm, o`ri`hgrns hn e` cumiaùm knpàtai` igog ianrt`s tr`ms`oam`s`s pe`soàtai`s g ne mavne hn àiahgs jaea`rns sn vnm `uonmt`hgs nm i`sgs hn amtgxai`iagmns sujent`ens, pnrg t`ojaám ns ianrtg qun um br`m môonrg hn c`itgrns `ojanmt`ens, mutraiagm`e mutraiagm`ens ns t`ojaám k`inm v`ra`r nstgs p`ràontrgs. Egs mavnens hn nxpgsaiaùm ` ia`mgtgxam`s sn hnsigmginm, e` npahnoagegbï` hn e`s amtgxai`iagmns igm knp`tgtgxam`s y hn gtr`s ia`mgtgxam`s nm @rbnmtam` ns mue`. E`s i`us`s qun igmtrajuynm ` nstg sgm ne hnsigmgiaoanmtg hn egs oáhaigs hn e`s tgxaigsas ia`mgj`itnra`m`s, ia`mgj`itnra`m `s, e` aopgsajaeah aopgsajaeah`h `h hn hntnroam`r tgxam`s nm `bu` pgt`jen, ceuahgs jageùbaigs g ne `ojanmtn y `sgia`r su prnsnmia` igm e` nxprnsaùm ieïmai` hn e` amtgxai`iaùm.
• Amtgxai`iaùm `buh`. E` Hgsas ent`e >6 hnsirat` p`r` oairgiastam` EZ ns hn >6 ¾b/lb iu`mhg sn `peai` pgr vï` amtrpnratgmn`e (ap) y v`ra` nmtrn >6 y :66 ¾b/lb p`r` e`s gtr`s v`ra`mtns hn oairgiystam`s. Yam noj`rbg `e snr páptahgs e`s tgxam`s sgm habnrah`s nm ne sastno` habnstavg y e` hgsas ent`e
>6 gr`e ns igmsahnr`j igmsahnr`jenonmtn enonmtn o`ygr. @màeasas kastgeùbaigs hn kïb`hgs hn r`tgmns amynit`hgs igm hgsas ent`ens hn oairgiystam` EZ (066 ¾b/lb ) rnvne`m hasrupiaùm o`sav` hn e` `rquatnitur` egjue`r y samusgah`e hne kïb`hg, hae`t`iaùm hn egs v`sgs knpàtaigs, párhah` hn knp`tgiatgs y haspe`sa`. Nm munstr` nxpnranmia` mg knogs knogs hntnit`hg knogrr`ba` amtr` knp knpàtai` àtai` y` qun mg sn hntnit`m nenonmtgs cabur`hgs hn e` s`mbrn nm ne p`rámquao` knpàtaig (Cab 09.8). Ns pgsajen qun nm um pramiapag
863
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
egs amvnstab`hgrns k`y`m igmcumhahg e` nvahnmtn igmbnstaùm v`siue`r knpàtai` igm knogrr`ba`.
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9
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Igrtn hn kïb`hg hn r`tùm igmtrge. 0Snm` knpàtai` tnroam`e :- Xr`itg pgrt`e 9- Amtnrc`in hne p`rámquao` nm pgsaiaùm r`ha`h`
Igrtn hn kïb`hg hn um r`tùm amynit`hg :- Xr`itg pgrt`e igm aopgrt`mtn v`sghae`t`iaùm 9Hasrupiaùm hn e` amtnrc`sn hne p`rámquao` 8- Várhah` hne p`rámquao`
Cab. 09.84 09.84 Igrtns kastgeùb kastgeùbaigs aigs ogstr`mhg eensagmns nsagmns knpà knpàtai`s tai`s nm r`tùm.
• Amtgxai`iaùm irùmai` irùmai` 4 Nstuhag hn nxpgsaiaùm irùmai` igm hgsas sujent`ens t`ojaám snð`e`m um h`ðg knpàtaig igm hgsas nmtrn 9 y :> ¾b/lb hn hgsas a.p hur`mtn pnrïghgs nmtrn 96 ha`s y ; onsns. Ne nxpnraonmtg qun sn ounstr` nm e` cabur` > igmsastaù nm e` `hoamastr`iaùm `hoamastr`iaùm amtr`pnratgmn` amtr`pnratgmn`ee hn hgsas sujent`ens hn :> ub/lb hn oairgiystam`s i`h` 8; kgr`s hur`mtn um ons ` hgs brupgs hn 8 r`tgmns i`h` umg.
Xr`msiurrahg um ons um brupg hn iu`trg r`tgmns cun s`iracai`hg nm nsn ogonmtg y egs rnst`mtns iu`trg `e ons sabuanmtn. Yn rn`eaz`rgm e`s `utgpsa`s igrrnspgmhanmtns, igrrnspgmhanmtns, ` p`rtar hn egs kïb`hgs sn gjtuvanrgm igrtns kastgeùbaigs, egs iu`ens cunrgm sgontahgs ` hacnrnmtns táimai`s hn tamiaùm y gjsnrv`hgs `e oairgsigpag.
Egs h`ðgs knpàtaigs gjsnrv`hgs cunrgm o`irgv`iugeaz` o`irgv`iugeaz`iaùm iaùm y oairgv`iugea oairgv`iugeaz`iaùm z`iaùm amtr`iatgpe`soàtai`s nm e`s trns pramiap`ens zgm`s hn egs knp`tgiatgs, párhah` p`ria`e hn `rquatnitur`, jamuien`iaù jamuien`iaùm m y envn hasi`ra hasi`ragsas gsas muien` muien`r< r< oanmtr`s qun m mg g sn gjsnrv`rg gjsnrv`rgm m cajrgsas, nit`sa` (igmbnstaùm v`siue`r ), ma knogrr`ba`s. E` párhah` hn `rquatnitur` hne p`rámquao` 862
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
knpàtaig punhn hnjnrsn ` e` br`m i`mtah`h hn v`iuge`s prnsnmtns nm ne iatgpe`so` hn egs knp`tgiatgs, `sï igog ` e` párhah` hn igknsaùm ineue`r y um` gstnmsajen hasrupiaùm hn e` rnh hn rntaiueam` qun mg sn rniupnr` `um hnspuás hn cam`eaz`h` e` nxpgsaiaùm (cab 09.> H). Yn gjsnrv`m, môiengs rnpenb`hgs pgr e` prnsnmia` hn e`s o`irgv`iuge`s qun giup`m br`m p`rtn hne iatgpe`so` ineue`r, `sï igog, môiengs `uonmt`hgs nm t`o`ðg y igm vnsaiue`iaùm. E`s i`r`itnrïstai`s gjsnrv`h`s nm nstgs prnp`r`hgs sn igrrne`iagm`m igm um h`ðg knpàtaig oghnr`hg ( cab. 09> @, I, N). Nm egs igrtns kastgeùbaigs hn egs kïb`hgs hn egs `mao`ens ` egs qun sn ens pnroataù um` rniupnr`iaùm rniupnr`iaù m hn 0 ons sam nxpgsaiaùm ` e` tgxam`, eunbg hne tr`t`oanmtg prnvag hn 0 ons igm amyniiagmns amtr`pnratgmn`ens amtr`pnratgmn`ens hn oairgiystam`, sn gjsnrv`rgm tra`h` knpàtai` y vnm` pgrt` igm nstruitur` mgro`e, párhah` p`ria`e hn nstruitur`, oairgv`iuge`s qun mg hncgro`m egs môiengs, iáeue`s nspuogs`s, nspuogs`s, hasi`ragsas, kapnrirgo`ia` muien`r y `tapï` rn`itav` envn (Cab 09.> J, H, C) Ns aopgrt`mtn `ie`r`r qun sa janm nxastnm rnpgrtns sgjrn egs ncnitgs tuogrïbnmgs hn oairgiystam`s oairgiyst am`s e` @sgia`iaùm Amtnrm`iagm` Amtnrm`iagm`ee p`r` ne Nstuhag hne I`minr (A@ZI), qun igopae` e`s sust`mia`s i`minrïbnm`s mg igmsahnr` ` nst`s tgxïbnm`s igog t`ens y` qun igmsahnr` amsucaianmtns egs nstuhags qun `pgy`m nst` ahn`. Yam noj`rbg nstg nstà endgs hn hncamatavg y` qun ns `inpt`hg qun pgtnmia` e` cgro`iaùm hn tuogrns prgvgi`hgs pgr gtrgs igopunstgs igog jnmzgparnmgs nmtrn gtrgs y mg hnjnogs gevah`r e` prgj`h` rne`iaùm nmtrn ia`mgj`itnra`s prghuitgr`s hn oairgiystam`s y iàminr prao`rag hn kïb`hg janm rnpgrt`hg nm Ikam`. E` igmsniunmia` pràitai` ns qun `e mg nst`r e`s oairgiystam`s nm e` east` hn igopunstgs i`minrïbnmgs i`minrïbnmgs ns pgsajen hntnroam`r v`egrns buï` hn igminmtr`iag igminmtr`iagmns mns pnroatah`s nm `bu` pgt`jen y `eaonmtgs h`hg qun nstg mg ns pgsajen p`r` egs igopunstgs east`hgs pgr e` A@ZI. S`egrns Buï` y `bu` pgt`jen
Nm j`sn ` nstuhags igm `mao`ens sn hntnroamù ne Mavne hn Ncnitgs Mgiavgs Mg Gjsnrv`jens (MG@NE snbôm sus sabe`s nm ambens) hn 86 ¾b/lb. V`r` hntnroam`r e` XHA (Ambnst` Ha`ra` Xgenr`jen) `e MG@E sn en `peai` um c`itgr hn snburah`h (CY) hn 0666. Igmsahnr`mhg qun e` ambnst` hn nst`s tgxam`s pgr igmsuog hn `bu` snrï` ne ;6 % hne tgt`e sn `peai` um c`itg V hn 6.; y sn nstao` um pnsg prgonhag hn 36 lb y um igmsuog prg prgonhag onhag hn : eatrgs hn `bu` pgr pnrsgm` (E). 86;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
E` niu`iaùm qun utaeazù e` GOY p`r` hntnroam`r e` igminmtr`iaùm hn oairgiastam`s rnigonmh`h` nm `bu` pgt`jen ns XHA vï` `bu` pgt`jen ? (MG@NE * V * pnsg igrpgr`e)/CY* E Eg qun h` um v`egr hn 6.13 ¾b/E qun sn rnhgmhn` nm ne S`egr Buï` hn 0 ¾b ¾b/E. /E. hn oairgiystam`-EZ oairgiystam`-E Z g su nquav`enmtn nm gtr`s v`ra`mtns. Yam huh` qun o`s nstuhags sgm mnins`rags p`r` igmcaro`r egs mavnens prgpunstgs pgr e` GOY hn knikg v`rags p`ïsns prgpgmnmnm nm su enbase`iaùm v`egrns hn 6.> ¾b ¾b/E. /E. @hno`s hn hae haeuiah`r uiah`r su pgsaj pgsajen en `iiaùm i`m i`minrïbnm` inrïbnm` qun h hn n igmcaro`rsn sabmacai`rï` nmtrn gtr`s igs`s qun mg k`y pgsajen S`egr Bua` y qun e`s oairgiastam`s hnjnra`m nst`r igopent`onmtn `usnmtns nm ne `bu` pgt`jen.
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861
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Cab 09.> 09.> Igrtn kastgeùbaig tnðahg igm Kno`tgxaeam Kno`tgxaeam` ` Ngsam` hn @) Kïb`hg hn r`tùm (:6 [) `e qun sn `hoamastrù oairgiastam` a.p. :> ¾b/lb ha` pgr onhag hur`mtn um ons. Yn gjsnrv` O`irgv`iugeaz`iaùm O`irgv`iugeaz` iaùm amtr`iatgpe`soàtai amtr`iatgpe`soàtai` ` y párhah` p`ria`e hn `rquatnitur` J) Kïb`hg hn r`tùm, 0 ons hn amyniiaùm (86 [), I) Kïb`hg hn r`tùm, sgontahg `e oasog tr`t`oanmtg qun ne `mtnragr y `e qun eunbg sn hndù um ons sam 0 ons hn hnsi`msg y rniupnr`iaùm (:6 [ ). Yn `prnia` o`irgv`iugeaz`iaùm y oairgv`iugeaz`iaùm amtr`iatgpe`soàtai`, párhah` p`ria`e hn nstruitur` hne p`rámquao`, envn hasi`ragsas muien`r y jamuien`iaùm. H) Kïb`hg hn r`tùm, 0 ons hn rniupnr`iaùm (Ahno I) (86 [) hgmhn sn `gjsnrv`m àrn`s igm pàeah` ngsamgcaea` nm ne iatgpe`so`, hnjahg ` e` prnsnmia` hn oairgv`iuge`s amtr`iatgpe`soàtai`s, hasi`ragsas, kapnrirgo`ia` muien`r, jamuien`iaùm, N) Kïb`hg hn r`tùm, 0 ons hn rniupnr`iaùm (Xamiaùm Zntaiueam` 86 [), hgmhn sn `prnia` qun gstnmsajen párhah` hn e` rnh hn rntaiueam` mg sn rniupnr`.
09.8 Xnimgegbï` p`r` neaoam`r e`s tgxam`s prnsnmtns nm ne `bu` pgt`jen. pgt`jen. Ne tr`t`oanmtg hne `bu` pgt`jen hnjn neaoam`r e`s iáeue`s amt`it`s, nvat`mhg e` easas ineue`r p`r` qun e`s tgxam`s mg sn`m eajnr`h`s nm ne `bu`. Nstg ns igmsnbuahg, nm pramiapag,
igm um` i`pt`iaùm `hniu`h` y um` junm` ig`bue`iaùm snbuah` hn caetr`iaùm. @umqun nstg ns ie`r`onmtn amsucaianmtn hur`mtn cegr`iagmns. Egs sastno`s pgt`jaeaz`iaùm hne `bu` mg sgm egs `hniu`hgs g rnigonmh`hgs p`r` rntnmnr ia`mgtgxam`s. Yn k`m prgpunstg n aopenonmt`hg havnrsgs oátghgs p`r` nvat`r qun e`s ia`mgtgxam`s eenbunm `e `bu` pgt`jen j`s`hgs nm e` utaeaz`iaùm sge` g igojam`h` hn i`rjùm `itav`hg, ùsogsas amvnrs`, gzgmaz`iaùm hne `bu` n arr`ha`iaùm igm ^S. E` utaeaz`iaùm hn egmbatuhns hn gmh` nmtrn :>6 y :26 mo tanmn `iiaùm `mtaj`itnra`m`. E` euz ^S hn j`d` amtnmsah`h asgonraz` 806
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
ne @HM y ` `et` amtnmsah`h rgopn ne `maeeg hn oairgiastam` ` igopunstgs mg tùxaigs (@e`o nt. `e. :660). Gtr` hn e`s `etnrm`tav`s igmsastn nm utaeaz`r i`rjùm `itav`hg nm cgro` hn pgevg, br`mue`hg y hn havnrsg grabnm igm ne cam hn `hsgrjnr e`s tgxam`s ia`mgj`itnra`m`s (R`rkurst nt `e. 0112). Znsuet` aopgrt`mtn `m`eaz`r e`s `etnrm`tav`s tnimgeùbai`s nxastnmtns y `h`pt`re`s ` e`s igmhaiagmns hn i`h` eub`r nm p`rtaiue`r y hns`rrgee`r hastamt`s ontghgegbï`s p`r` neaoam`r e`s tgxam`s nm e`s amst`e`iagmns igmvnmiagm`ens hn pe`mt`s pgt`jaeaz`hgr`s hn `bu`. Ne tr`t`oanmtg igm gzgmg `peai`hg saouetàmn`onmtn igm e` euz ^S aopeai` um `v`mz`hg prginsg hn gxah`iaùm iuy` ncnitavah`h nm ne tr`t`oanmtg hn `bu`s rnsuet` amtnrns`mtn p`r` snr `m`eaz`h`. Mg sn hnjn hnsi`rt`r um` igrrnit` iegr`iaùm y o`mndg hn e` tgo` hn `bu` p`r` rnhuiar egs ransbgs y qun pghrï`m snr sucaianmtns sam e` utaeaz`iaùm hn ttnimgegbï` nimgegbï` o`s igstgs`s.
09.> Ahnmtacai`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm hn ia`mgtgxam`s. H`h` e` nmgron v`ra`jaeah`h quïoai` qun prnsnmt`m e`s tgxam`s, p`r` su hntniiaùm, ahnmtacai`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm sn nopen`m ontghgegbï`s p`rtaiue`rns p`r` i`h` brupg, e`s qun sn punhnm hacnrnmia`r nmtrn nms`ygs jageùbaigs, quïoaigs y táimai`s `m`eïtai`s. Ne nms`yg jageùbaig o`s utaeaz`hg ns ne jagnms`yg r`tùm, tanmnm e` i`r`itnrïstai` hn snr amnspniïcaig y hn j`d` snmsajaeah`h. Egs nms`ygs quïoaigs t`ens igog lats tapg NEAY@ g nmzaoàtaigs sgm snmsajens y nspniïcaigs pnrg sgm hasnð`hgs p`r` um eaoat`hg môonrg hn ogeáiue`s (pgr ndnopeg p`r` oairgiastam` EZ s`xatgxam`s). E` táimai` `m`eïtai` o`s utaeaz`h` snmsajen `peai`jen ` tgh`s e`s tgxam`s ns ne usg hn Irgo`tgbr`cï` Eïquah` hn @et` Znsgeuiaùm igm hntnitgrns ^S y hn ceugrnsinmia` K KVEI-^S-CHE. VEI-^S-CHE. E`s táim táimai`s ai`s j`s`h`s nm K KVEI VEI sgm
ouy snmsajens y pnroatn ahnmtacai`r y iu`mtacai`r tgh`s e`s tgxam`s hnsirat`s k`st` e` cnik`. Ns e` ontghgegbï` qun pnroatn e` i`eajr`iaùm y `h`pt`iaùm hn egs nms`ygs quïoaigs g jageùbaigs ` e`s igmhaiagmns egi`ens. Ne prgjeno` hn nst` tnimgegbï` ns qun sgm mnins`rags egs nstàmh`rns `m`eïtaigs y ástgs nm bnmnr`e mg nstàm haspgmajens. Q egs qun nstàm haspgmajens mg sn punhnm aopgrt`r hnjahg ` qun h`h` su igmhaiaùm hn tgxam`s (s`xatgxam` ns um `ro` quïoai` hn mavne 0) su aopgrt`iaùm nstà rnstrambah` y bua`h` pgr enbase`iaùm amtnrm`iagm`e, e` igmsniunmia` ns qun mambum` noprns` @rbnmtam` nstà hnjah`onmtn `irnhat`h` p`r` pghnr ambrns`r nst`s tgxam`s `e p`ïs. 800
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
E` igmsniunmia` hn nstg ns e` aopgsajaeah`h, s`evg nxinpiagmns, hn hntnit`r, ahnmtacai`r y iu`mtacai`r ia`mgtgxam`s y pgr nmhn haonmsagm`r ne prgjeno` igrrnit`onmtn. Ynbôm munstr` nxpnranmia` i`sa pghnogs `caro`r qun hgmhn knogs jusi`hg ia`mgtgxam`s e`s knogs nmigmtr`hg. Ns mnins`rag supnr`r um` snran hn j`rrnr`s tnimgeùbai`s qun nm ne prnsnmtn aopahnm ―vnr‟ ` e`s ia`mgtgxam`s prnsnmtns nm munstrg o`s inri`mg nmtgrmg, amieusg ne `bu` pgt`jen. Egs pgigs nms`ygs haspgmajens igonria`eonmtn sgm nxinsav`onmtn igstgsgs p`r` snr utaeaz`hgs o`sav`onmtn, egs nstàmh`rns `m`eïtaigs mg sn nmiunmtr`m haspgmajens nm su tgt`eah`h y egs haspgmajens sgm sudntgs ` tnhagsgs tr`oatnrags `hu`mnrgs qun nm e` pràitai` aopahnm su gjtnmiaùm. Yuo`hg ` nstg nm ne p`ïs k`inm c`et` ne hns`rrgeeg hn rniursgs kuo`mgs i`p`iat`hgs i`p`iat`hgs `sa igog hn amcr` amcr`nstruitur`. nstruitur`. E` irn`iaùm hn um inm inmtrg trg m`iagm`e g e`jgr`tgrag hn caigtgxam`s qun sn nspnia`eain nm e` gjtnmiaùm hn nstàmh`rns y ne hns`rrgeeg hn oátghgs hn hntniiaùm ns ne i`oamg qun k`m snbuahg p`ïsns igog @ustr`ea` y I`m`hà y qun snrï` `prgpa`hg snbuar. I`h` brupg hn tgxam`s tanmn sus oátghgs y táimai`s nspniïcai`s, nm nstn i`pïtueg mgs hnhai`rnogs ` e`s oairgiastam`s.
09.3 Hntniiaùm, ahnmtacai`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm hn oairgiystam`s. VZGXGIGEGY
HNXNIIAÙM
HN
OAIZGIAYXAM@Y
VZNYNMXNY
NM
^M
CEGZNIAOANMXG IA@MGJ@IXNZA@MG. JAGNMY@QG Z@XÙM. (snbôm ne prgbr`o` hn ogmatgrng hn e`s ia`mgj`itnra`s y bnstaùm hne ransbg p`r` e` s`euh nm `bu`s supnrcaia`ens igmt`o igmt`oam`h`s. am`h`s. Amstatutg hn Y`euh Vôjeai`
Zai`rhg Dgrbn . Easjg`, Vgrtub`e) (Cab.09.3).
•
Vrnp`r`iaùm hn egs r`tgmns. r`tgmns.
0.- Egs `mao`ens hnjnm snr r`tgmns o`ikg Ik`rens Zavnr g snond`mtns hn :6-:> b hn pnsg. Hur`mtn ne nms`yg egs `mao`ens hnjnràm tnmnr `iinsg ` `eaonmtg y `bu`. Egs r`tgmns hnjnràm snr pns`hgs y o`ri`hgs hnjah`onmtn y tghgs egs v`egrns `mgt`hgs nm e` t`je`. 80:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
VZNV@Z@IAÙM HN E@ O^NYXZ@
0.- E`s ounstr`s hn `bu` rnigb rnigbah`s ah`s sgm tr`mspgrt`h tr`mspgrt`h`s `s p`r` ne e`jgr`tgrag n nm m tnrogs. :.- Nm i`sg hn o`tnra`e igminmtr`hg punhn snr utaeaz`hg hnspuás hn kgogbnmnaz`hg. Yn rnigoanmh` inmtracub`r inmtracub`r ` >666 rpo pgr 06¸. :.0.- Ne o`tnra`e rnsuet`mtn hnjnrà snr rnsuspnmhahg nm um vgeuonm rnhuiahg hn sgeuiaùm s`eam` (M`Ie 6.1 %). :.:.- ^m` `eïiugt` hn nstn vgeuonm vgeuonm cad`h` igm eubge p`r` p`r` pgstnragr ahnmtacai`iaùm hn e`s nspnians pe`mitùmai`s y ne rnst`mtn sgontahg ` tr`t`oanmtg hn kgogbnmaz`iaùm (uetr`sgmahg g hgs iaiegs hn igmbne`iaùm-hnsigm igmbne`iaùm-hnsigmbne`iaùm) bne`iaùm) . :.9.- Ne nxtr`itg `sï gjtnmahg utaeaz utaeaz`hg `hg amonha`t`onmtn amonha`t`onmtn g igmbne`hg. 9.- Ya ne o`tnra`e mg ns ouy igminmtr`hg, igmin igminmtr`r mtr`r ne catgpe`mitgm nm caetrgs hn cajr` hn vahrag. 8.-
V`r` hntnroam`r tgxaiah`h hn oairgiystam`s hasunet`s nm `bu` (`bu` pgt`jen g `bu` nm
igmt`itg igm ne cegrniaoanmtg) e`s tgxam`s hnjnm praonrg igminmtr`rsn. 8.0.- V`r` igminmtr`r e`s tgxam tgxam`s `s sn utaeaz`m caetrgs hn hn saeai` bne bne I0; pgr egs qun sn p`s` ne `bu`, qunh`mhg e`s tgxam`s rntnmah`s nm ne caetrg. Yn neuynm pgstnragronmtn igm 066% ont`mge. 8.:.- Ne ont`mge hnjn neaoa neaoam`rsn m`rsn y e`s tgxam`s rnsuspn rnsuspnmhnrsn mhnrsn nm sgeuiaù sgeuiaùm m s`eam` `mtns hne nms`yg. AMQNIIAÙM HN EGY Z@XGMNY.
>.-
E` amyni amyniiaùm iaùm hn i`h` ou ounstr` nstr` sn hnjn k`i k`inr nr nm h hgs gs r`tgmn r`tgmnss o`s u umg mg hn igmtrge.
>.0.- E`s amyniiagmns hnjnm rn`eaz`rsn hn o`ð`m` p`r` pghnr gjsnrv`r egs sïmtgo`s hn egs `mao`ens hur`mtn ne hï`. >.:.- Ne vgeuonm ` amynit`r snrà hn 0 oe g onmgs. E` amyniiaùm ns amtr`pnratgmn`e amtr`pnratgmn`e (ap)
809
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Cab. 09. 3 p`sgs nm
Xrns ne
jagnms`yg
r`tùm
p`r`
knp`tgtgxam` knp`tgtgxam`s, s,
nxtr`itgs
`iugsgs sgm gjtnmahgs hn e`s
ounstr`s hn ia`mgj`itnra ia`mgj`itnra`s. `s. Egs
oasogs
amynit`hgs
amtr`pnratgmn amtr`pnratgmneonmtn eonmtn nm r`tgmns
igm um pnsg hn 0;-:6 br.
Cam`eonmtn ne `spnitg y pnsg hn
egs
i`r`itnrïstai`s
sgm kïb`hgs
sgm
e`s
qun
pnroatnm
snð`e`r e` knp`tgtgxaiah`h hn e`s iáeue`s
3.- Egs r`tgmns amynit`hgs hnjnm gjsnrv`rsn igmtamu`onmtn hur`mtn e`s hgs praonr`s kgr`s `mgt`mhg nm e` t`je` iu`equanr sïmtgo` g `etnr`iaùm hne igopgrt`oanmtg. Egs `mao`ens sgm gjsnrv`hgs ` pnraghgs rnbue`rns k`st` e`s :8 kgr`s pgstnragrns ` e` amyniiaùm. 2.- Nm i`sg hn ounrtn `mgt`r e` kgr` nm qun giurraù. Egs `mao`ens sgm sgontahgs `
mnirgpsa`. Egs ùrb`mgs sgm gjsnrv`hgs p`r` hntnit`r `etnr`iagmns o`irgsiùpai`s. ;.- Yn rnbastr`m tghgs egs h`tgs nm e` t`je` y sn pns`m egs kïb`hgs y sn igop`r`m igm ne igmtrge. Yn i`eiue` ne pnsg hne kïb`hg igog pgrinmt`dn hne pnsg tgt`e hn r`tùm. Yn igmsahnr` qun k`y knp`tgtgxaiah`h sa ne kïb`hg pns` o`s hne 2 % hne pnsg hne r`tùm, y` qun e` igmhaiaùm igmtrge mg hnjn supnr`r supnr`r ne > % (h`tgs nm e` X`je` 09.A)
808
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
vge amy.(oe
Vnsg(br)
Ounrtn (oam)
Vnsg kïb`hg
Igmtrge
0
01,>
-
6.;2
Igmtrge
0
0;.9
-
0.00
Igmtrge
0
:6.9
-
6.1>
Ounstr`
0
01.1
93
0.39
Ounstr`
0
0;.1
89
0.>:
Ounstr`
0
01.;
89
0.36
X`je` 09.A 09.A 4 H`tgs hn um nms`yg rn`eaz`hg p`r` hntnroam`r tgxaiah`h hn um cegrniaoanm cegrniaoanmtg tg hn O `nrubamgs` hne Zïg hn e` Ve`t`.
IZGO@XGBZ@CÏ@ HN I@V@ CAM@ (XEI).
Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. Yn p`rtn hne oasog nxtr`itg qun ne utaeaz`hg nm ne jagnms`yg r`tùm. Egs pramiap`ens pabonmtgs ia`mgj`itnra`ens ia`mgj`itnra`ens (Iegrgcae`s, Vkyigia`mam`s y gtrgs ) sgm neaoam`hgs p`s`mhg e` ounstr` ` tr`vás hn caetrgs hn saeai` bne hn 0 br I0;. Nstgs caetrgs hnjnm snr prnva`onmtn
`itav`hgs. V`s`r `r 06 o oee hn o ont`mge nt`mge bg bgt` t` ` bg bgt` t` y 06 oe hn `arn • @itav`iaùm hn egs caetrgs4 V`s
• Igminmtr`ia Igminmtr`iaùm ùm y eaopanz` hn e` ounstr` V`s`r 06 oe hn ounstr` V`s`r 06 oe hn `arn V`s`r 06 oe hn um` sgeuiaùm ont`mge `bu` (:6-;6 v/v) V`s`r > oe hn ont`mge purg. 80>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
• Yn utaeaz`ràm pe`i`s hn saeai` bne 36C :>8 hn 6.: oo. • Ynojr`r 066 ¾e hne nxtr`itg ont`mùeaig. igrrah` ` @bu` ’@int`tg h hn n Ntaeg- m- prgpa prgpaee `eigk `eigkge ge (:->-9 S/S/S) `e q qun un sn • Ygeuiaùm hn igrrah `haiagm` >% hn æiahg `iátaig be`ia`e.
• Yni`r j`dg igrranmtn hn `arn i`eanmtn • Znvne`hg. :66 ob hn v`maeeam` hasunet` nm um` sgeuiaùm hn :> oe hn ont`mge 9 oe hn àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e y 0,> oe hn àiahg suecôraig. Zgia`r igm nst` sgeuiaùm y i`enmt`r ` 066 ´I pgr > oamutgs.
IZGO@XGBZ@CÏ@ EÏP^AH@ HN @EX@ ZNYGE^IAÙM KVEI. Nxastnm nm e` eatnr`tur` v`ra`hgs oátghgs hn KVEI ne qun hnsirajarnogs ns sgeg umg o`s qun ` munstrg nmtnmhnr nquaeajr` snmsajaeah`h, i`p`iah`h hn rnsgeuiaùm, pe`staiah`h y um ondgr iuah`hg hn e` e` igeuom` y ne sastno` nm b bnmnr`e. nmnr`e. Ne oátghg qun utaeaz` utaeaz`ogs ogs nm munstrg e`jgr`tgrag ns asgiràtaig y utaeaz` um` sgeuiaùm hn igrrah` hn Juccnr cgsc`tg (06 oO) y :2 % hn `intgmatraeg pK 2, ceudg hn 0 oe/oam, igeuom` I0; hn 0>6 oo hn e`rbg y > ¾o hn pgrg, E` hntniiaùm ns pgr `jsgrj`mia` ` :8: mo y e` ahnmtacai`iaùm y iu`mtacai`iaùm sn rn`eaz` onha`mtn igop`r`iaùm igm nstàmh`rns `m`eïtaigs. Nm ne KVEI sn amynit`m :6 ¾e hne nxtr`itg p`r` ne nms`yg r`tùm prnva`onmtn caetr`hg pgr caetrg hn myegm hn 6, 8> ¾o.
803
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Cab 09.2 09.2 Igop`r`iaùm hn um` igrrah` hn nstàmh`rns `m`eïtaigs (`rraj`) igm e`s tgxam`s oairaiastam`s -ZZ,-QZ y -EZ. Ounstr` rn`e hn O `nrubamgs` gjtnmah` hn um cegrniaoanmtg nm e` zgm` hn e` tgo` hn `bu` hn e` iauh`h hn E` Ve`t` hgmhn sn `prnia` oairgiastam` -QZ y ’ EZ (Vaigs 8 y 3 rnspnitav`onmtn)(inmtrg). Egs nspnitrgs hn `jsgriaùm nmtrn egs :66 y 966 mo pnroatnm ahnmtacai`r g igmcaro`r e` prnsnmia` oairgiastam`s (`j`dg) e`s qun hnjnm ogstr`r su nspnitrg i`r`itnrïstaig igog ns ne i`sg hn egs paigs 8, 3 y 2. Nm e` cabur` 09.2 sn ounstr` um` igrrah` irgo`tgbràcai` hn um nstàmh`r igonria`e igm e`s oairgiastam`s -ZZ,-EZ y -EZ hn 6.9 ¾b/oe i`h` um`. Hnj`dg hn nst` sn igop`r` um` igrrah` hn um nxtr`itg m`tur`e hn O. `nrubamgs` igenit`h` hne Zaù hn E` Ve`t`. V`r` Ahnmtacai`r e` prnsnmia` hn tgxam`s sn prnsuon qun tghgs egs paigs hn `jsgrj`mia` qun sn vnm `e oasog Xanopg hn Zntnmiaùm qun egs nstàmh`rns `m`eïtaigs igrrnspgmhnm ` egs hacnrnmtns tapgs hn tgxam`s. V`r` iu`mtacai`r su i`mtah`h sn igop`r` e`s àrn`s j`dg e` iurv` hne paig nm iunstaùm y su igrrnspgmhanmtn nstàmh`r hn igminmtr`iaùm igmgiah`. igmgiah`.
Yam noj`rbg sn `prnia` qun nm ne nxtr`itg hn O. `nrubamgs` sn hntnit`m o`s paigs qun mg igamiahnm igm egs hne nstàmh`r y surbn e` prnbumt` ·Ygm tgxam`s t`ojaám hn e`s iu`ens mg tnmbg tnmbg ne nstàmh` nstàmh`r7 r7 Ya ^h. iunmt` igm u um m hntnitgr ^S-vasaj ^S-vasajen en igm `rrnb `rrnbeg eg hn haghgs ns pgsajen tnmnr um` ahn` o`s ie`r` `e hntnroam`r su nspnitrg hn `jsgriaùm nmtrn egs :66 y 966 mo. Nm munstrg i`sg i`sg hn ndnopeg egs paigs 0, :, 9 y > mg snrï`m tgxam tgxam`s `s oanmtr`s qun egs 8, 3 y 2 sa.
802
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Jajeagbr`cï`. @znvnhg YOCG I`roaik`ne R, Dgikaosnm N, Zamnk`rt L, E`u Y, Yk`w B, N`bensk`o B, (:66:) Kuo`m amtgxai`tagm jy oairgiystams huramb rnm`e ha`eysas trn`tonmt am I`ru`ruJr`zae. Xgxaigegby 0;0-0;:4 880-883. I`roaik`ne RR, Jn`seny S, Jummnr H, Negc d, C`eigmnr E, Bgrk`o V, K`r`h` l, Lrasm`ourpky t, Oggrn Z, Zamnk`rt L, Zummnb`r O, Yluejnrb g, R`t`m`jn O, (01;;). M`oamb gc knpt`pnptahn tgxams gc iy`mgj`intnra` (jeun-brnnm `eb`n). Xgxaigm :34 120129. Ighh B@, Jnee YB, L`y` L, R`rh ID, Jn`tknl`, Ontn`c DY (0111) Iy`mgj`itnra`e Iy`mgj`itnra`e tgxams, nxpgsurn rgutns `mh kuo`m kn`etk. Nur D Vkyige 984 86>-80> Niknmaqun Z.G. (0111) Iy`mgpkyt` tgxai`s, `mtninhnmtns y nstuhags `itu`ens nm e` Znpôjeai` @rbnmtam`. Mgt`s Jgtàmai`s hn e` Ygi. @rb. Jgt, 9-2. Niknmaqun Z.< E. Ba`mmuzza< E. Cnrr`ra & H. Bgmzàenz. :669 Nstuhags sgjrn e` i`eah`h hne 09 ´ Igmbrnsg @rbnmtamg hn Y`mn`oan Y`mn`oanmtg mtg y `bu` hn rnh nm J`kï` Je`mi`, @rbnmtam`. @m`ens 09´ Onhag @ojanmtn9 64 0-0;.
Cr`mias BZ (0;2;) Vgasgmgus @ustr`ea`m e`ln. M`turn 0;4 00-0:. K`r`h` LA< O`tsuur` L< Yuzula O< Gl` K< R`t`m`jn C< Gaska Y< H`keno @O< Jn`seny SZ, I`roaik`ne RR. 01;;. @m`eysas & puracai`tagm gc tgxai pnptahns crgo iy`mgj`itnra` jy rnvnrsnh pk`sn kabk-prnssurn eaquah ikrgo`tgbr`pky. ikrgo`tgbr`pky. D Ikrgo`tgbr 88;4 :2>-:;9.
E`bgs M, Gmghnr` K, T`b`ttg V@, @mhramgeg H, @znvnhg Y, Gskao` Q (0111) Xkn carst nvahnmin gc p`r`eytai skneecask tgxams am tkn crnskw`tnr iy`mgj`itnrauo Iaeamhrgnspnrogpsas r`iajgrslaa , asge`tnh crgo Jr`zae. Xgxaigm 924 09>1-0929.
Vnrnar` V, Gmghnr` K, @mhramgeg H, Cr`mi` Y, @r`udg C, E`bgs M, Gskao` Q (:666)j. V`r`eytai Ykneecask tgxams am tkn crnskw`tnr iy`mgj`itnrauo @pk`mazgonmgm cegs-`qu`n, asge`tnh crgo Ogmtn`rbae rnsnrvgar, Vgrtub`e. Xgxaigm 9;4 3;1-026:. 80;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
^nmg Q, M`b`t` Y, Xsutsuoa X, K`snb`w` @, R`t`mjn OC, V`rl KH, Iknm BI, Iknm B, Qu YT (0113) Hntnitagm gc oairgiystams, ` jeun-brnnm `eb`e knp`tgtgxam, am hramlamb w`tnr s`opnh am K`aonm `mh cusua, nmhnoas `rn`s gc prao`ry eavnr i`minr am Ikam`, jy kabkey snmsatavn aooumg`ss`y. I`riamgbnm 024 0902-09:0.
801
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
I`pïtueg 08 Oaigtgxam`s.
@utgr4 Oùmai` Ogeam`s. Hginmtn hn e` Iàtnhr` hn Xgxaigegbï` y Pi`. Enb`e hn e` ^MEV.
Amtrghuiiaùm.
Hnmtrg hne `opeag tno` hn amtgxai`iagmns hnjahg `e igmsuog hn `eaonmtgs ne o`ygr amtnrás sn igminmtr` nm e`s env`hur`s, egs ogkgs y e`s snt`s igonstajens y vnmnmgs`s. 8:6
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Nstn havnrsg igmdumtg hn grb`masogs, sn i`r`itnraz` pgr snr nui`raùtaigs, pgsnnr um ont`jgeasog kntnrùtrgcg y pgr e` prnsnmia` hn um` p`rnh nxtnrm`. @sï ` hacnrnmia` hn e`s pe`mt`s, egs kgmbgs rnquanrnm hn cunmtns hn i`rjgmg grbàmai`s hn hacnrnmtn br`hg hn igopendah`h. E` prnsnmia` hn e` p`rnh hntnroam` su cgro` hn `eaonmt`rsn, ` tr`vás hn e` `jsgriaùm hn mutranmtns sgeujens. Egs kgmbgs cae`onmtgsgs, igoômonmtn ee`o`hgs ogkgs, sgm `itavgs `bnmtns hne jaghntnragrg. Ya janm mg i`us`m ne tapg hn hnbr`h`iaùm putrnc`itav` `sgia`h` ` `ebum`s j`itnra`s, `etnr`m e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s grb`mgeáptai`s k`ianmhg qun egs `eaonmtgs nmogkniahgs mg sn`m `ptgs p`r` ne igmsuog kuo`mg. Hnjnogs k`inr e` s`evnh`h qun `ebum`s oghacai`iagmns amhuiah`s pgr ianrtgs kgmbgs nm egs `eaonmtgs sgm hnsn`jens, t`e igog giurrn igm `ebumgs qunsgs, nojutahgs, nti. E` `itatuh hne kgojrn crnmtn ` e` igmt`oam`iaùm cômbai` hn egs `eaonmtgs, sn k` ahg oghacai`mhg, oghacai`mh g, hnjahg ` um hnsiujraoanmtg rnianmtn, rne`iagm`hg igm e` i`p`iah`h qun tanmnm ouikgs kgmbgs igmt`oam`mtns hn prghuiar um` br`m v`ranh`h hn ont`jgeatgs sniumh`rags hnmgoam`hgs hnmgoam`h gs OAIGXG[AM@Y. Nst`s sust`mia`s prnsnmt`m nstruitur`s quïoai`s havnrs`s y k`m sahg amvgeuir`h`s t`mtg nm jrgtns hn nmcnronh`hns nmcnronh`hns qun `cnit`m ` havnrs`s nspn nspnians ians `mao`ens igo igog g nm um` `opea` v`ranh`h hn nmcnronh`hns kuo`m`s, hnshn e` b`strgnmtnratas k`st` ne iàminr. E`s nmcnronh`hns prghuiah`s prghuiah`s pgr e` ambnstaùm ambnstaùm hn oaigtgxam`s sn hnm hnmgoam`m goam`m OAIGXG[AIGYAY. Ne rnigmgiaoanmtg hne prgjeno` hn e`s oaigtgxam`s h`t` hn igoanmzgs hn egs `ðgs snsnmt`, iu`mhg sn prghudg nm Ambe`tnrr` e` ounrtn hn um br`m môonrg hn `vns hn igrr`e. Nm
ns` gpgrtumah`h sn puhg igoprgj`r qun e` i`us` hn e` nmcnronh`h k`jï` sahg e` prnsnmia` hn @spnrbaeeus baeeus ce`vus, igmt`oam`mhg ne o`mï ont`jgeatgs tùxaigs prghuiahgs pgr ne kgmbg @spnr
nopen`hg p`r` e` prnp`r`iaùm hn e`s r`iagmns `eaonmt`ra`s hn e`s `vns. @ ns`s sust`mia`s hnsigmgiah`s k`st` nmtgmins, sn e`s ee`où @CE@XG[AM@Y. @hnoàs hn egs prgjeno`s `sgia`hgs igm e` s`euh, k`m i`us`hg um br`m aop`itg nigmùoaig nm ne igonriag amtnrm`iagm` amtnrm`iagm`e.e. Vramiap`eonm Vramiap`eonmtn, tn, nm egs p`ïsns prghuitgrns y nxpgrt`hgrns hn `eaonmtgs igog ne munstrg.
8:0
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
08.0 Kgmbgs Vrghuitgrns hn Oaigtgxam`s. Oaigtgxam`s. Egs kgmbgs prghuitgrns hn oaigtgxam`s nstàm `opea`onmtn hacumhahgs nm ne onhag `ojanmtn y sgm igmt`oam`mtns igmt`oam`mtns crniunmtns crniunmtns hn egs `eaonmtgs, nsp nspnia`eonmtn nia`eonmtn egs hn grabnm vnbnt`e. E`s nspnians tgxaigbámai`s hn o`ygr aopgrt`mia` pnrtnmninm ` trns bámnrgs4 @spnrbaeeus, Vnmaiaeeauo y Cus`rauo. X`ojaám prghuinm oaigtgxam`s ianrt`s nspnians hn @etnrm`ra`, Ie`vainps, Yt`ikyjgtrys, Vytkgoyins, Xraikgtniauo, Jyssgike`oys y Zkazgpus,
nmtrn gtrgs. E` o`ygrï` hn egs prghuitgs `brïige`s sgm susinptajens hn e` amv`saùm pgr ogkgs hur`mtn `ebum` hn e`s nt`p`s hn prghuiiaùm, prgins`hg, tr`mspgrtn y `eo`inm`oanmtg. E` prnsnmia` hn ogkgs nm um `eaonmtg mg aopeai` mnins`ra`onmtn e` prnsnmia` hn oaigtgxam`s, samg qun amhai` um ransbg pgtnmia`e hn igmt`oam`iaùm. Vgr gtr` p`rtn, e` `usnmia` hn kgmbgs tgxaigbámaigs mg b`r`mtaz` b`r`mtaz` qun um `e `eaonmtg aonmtg nstá eajrn hn oai oaigtgxam`s, gtgxam`s, puns ást`s pnrsastnm `ôm iu`mhg ne kgmbg k` pnrhahg su va`jaeah`h. E`s tgxam`s hn egs kgmbgs sn hacnrnmia`m hn e`s hn grabnm j`itnra`mg, `sgia`h`s ` amtgxai`iagmns `eaonmt`ra`s, h`hg qun ást`s ôetao`s, nm su o`ygrï` sgm o`irgogeáiue`s t`ens igog, prgtnïm`s, pgeas`iàrahgs, nti. e`s oaigtgxam`s sgm igopunstgs hn pnsg ogeniue`r j`dg. Vgr gtr` p`rtn su quïoai` punhn snr igopend` y prnsnmt`m um` nst`jaeah`h crnmtn ` `bnmtns cïsaigs y quïoaigs qun e`s k`inm ouy hacïiaens hn neaoam`r um` vnz qun k`m sahg prghuiah`s nm egs `eaonmtgs.
08.0.0 Bámnrg @spnrbaeeus y sus tgxam`s.
Egs ogkgs hn ástn bámnrg i`us`m hntnragrg nm ouikgs prghuitgs `eaonmtaiags. Yus prghuitgs ont`jùeaigs sgm `et`onmtn tùxaigs t`mtg p`r` egs `mao`ens igog p`r` ne kgojrn. @ebum`s nspnians sgm hn amtnrás amhustra`e, oanmtr`s qun gtr`s sn nopen`m nm e` cnronmt`iaùm hn `eaonmtgs nm `ebum`s rnbagmns. 8::
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Ne c`itgr pramiap`e hn e` ujaiuah`h h hn n egs `spnrbaegs ns su i` i`p`iah`h p`iah`h p`r` irni irninr nr ` hacnrnmtns tnopnr`tur`s tnopnr`tur`s sgjrn sustr`tgs igm igm igmtnmahg tnmahg hn kuonh` kuonh`h h v`ra`jens. Ne r`mbg hn tnopnr`tur` hn irniaoanmtg hn egs oasogs gsiae` nmtrn 6¶ ` >> ¶ I p`r` e` o`ygrï` hn e`s nspnians. Ne igegr ns e` pramiap`e i`r`itnrïstai` o`irgsiùpai` p`r` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn egs brupgs hn `spnrbaegs. Vgsnnm hastamtgs tgmgs hn vnrhns, p`rhg, `o`raeeg, je`mig, bras y mnbrg. Ygm v`rags egs ont`jgeatgs sniumh`rags hn egs `spnrbaegs, `ebumgs hn egs iu`ens t`ojaám punhnm snr prghuiahgs pgr Vnmaiaeeauo. Ns igoôm qun e`s igmhaiagmns ùptao`s p`r` ne irniaoanmtg hn e`s nspnians tgxaigbámai`s mg igamiah`m igm e`s qun c`iaeat`m e` prghuiiaùm hn oaigtgxam`s. Ne `uonmtg hn egs ont`jgeatgs sniumh`ra sniumh`rags gs ns um` rnspunst` `e ―strnss‟. Hnmtrg hn e`s oaigtgxam`s prghuiah`s pgr ástn bámnrg sn punhn iat`r nmtrn gtr`s4 àiahgs `spnrbïeaigs (mnurgtgxam`), àiahg iaiegpa`zùmaig (mnurgtgxam`-mnirùtai`), `ce`tgxam`s J0,J:,B0,B:, (knp`tgtùxai`, i`minrïbnm`), iatramam` (mncrgtùxai`), nstnrabo`tgiastam` (knp`tgtùxai`, i`minrïbnm`), gir`tgxam` @ (knp`tgtùxai`, mncrgtùxai`, tnr`tgbámai`, amoumgsuprnsgr`), amoumgsuprn sgr`), p`tueam` (knp`tgtùxai`, mncrgtùxai`). Yn rnprnsnmt`m `ebum`s hn e`s nstruitur`s quïoai`s hn `ebum`s tgxam`s y sus ont`jgeatgs 4
8:9
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
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08.0.: Bámnrg Cus`rauo y sus tgxam`s. E`s nspnians hn Cus`rauo sgm ―ogkgs hn i`opg‟, y` qun sn nmiunmtr`m sgjrn egs vnbnt`ens `mtns hn e` igsnik`, pnrsastanmhg sgjrn egs prghuitgs `eo`inm`hgs. Egs cus`rags
@spnrbaeeus, Vnmaiaeeauo), s`evg ne C. mg igopatnm janm igm egs ogkgs hn `eo`inm`dn . ( @spnrbaeeus iueogruo. @ebumg hn egs cus`rags sgm p`tùbnmgs p`r` egs inrn`ens y puhanmhg cgro`r
oaigtgxam`s `ôm `mtns hn e` igsnik`. Vunhnm irninr hur`mtn ne `eo`inm`oanmtg rncrabnr`hg y igmtrajuar ` e` pghrnhuoj pghrnhuojrn rn hn crut`s y kgrt`eaz`s `eo`inm`h`s. E`s oaigtgxam`s pramiap`ens prghuiah`s pgr egs cus`rags igoumns sgm4 H@Y (ha`intgxasiarpnmge), MAS (mav`enmge), TN@ (zn`r`enmgm`), OGM (ogmaeacgroam`), C^O (cuogmasam`s), X: (tgxam` X:), HGM (hngxamav`enmge), nmtrn gtr`s.
8:8
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Nm ne sabuanmtn iu`hrg sn ounstr`m `ebum`s hn e`s cùroue`s nstruitur`ens4
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Xraigtninmgs44 sgm tùxaigs pgtnmtns hn e`s iáeue`s nui`raùtai`s, i`us`m ensagmns Xraigtninmgs hároai`s y `etnr`iagmns nm e` rnspunst` amoumgeùbai`. Xanmnm `iiaùm ent`e ` `et`s
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hgsas. Tn`r`enmgm`44 sgm nstrgbámai`s, `itô`m sgjrn ne `p`r`tg rnprghuitgr , nm ne inrhg Tn`r`enmgm` prghuinm vuevgv`bamatas vuevgv`bamatas,, `jgrtg `jgrtgss y `trgca` hn bn bnmat`ens. mat`ens.
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Ogmaeacgroam`4 prghuin e` enuignminc`ego`e`ia` nquam`, h`m tnojegrns y prghuin e` Ogmaeacgroam`4 eaiu`iaùm hn inrnjrg.
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Cuogmasam`s4 amtnrcanrn nm ne ont`jgeasog hn egs nscambgeïpahgs. Yn `ase`rgm e` J0, Cuogmasam`s4 J: y J9, sanmhg e` pramiap`e ns e` J0, nst`m ouy rne`iagm`h`s igm e` enuignminc`ego`e`ia` nquam`.
08.0.9 Bámnrg Vnmaiaeeauo y sus tgxam`s. tgxam`s.
8:>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Egs pnmaiaeags irninm sgjrn egs `eaonmtgs prnp`r`hgs g sus o`tnra`s prao`s, y` sn`m hn grabnm vnbnt`e g `mao`e. Yus oaigtgxam`s igmsuoah`s rnbue`ronmtn, `ôm nm i`mtah`hns oïmao`s, i`us`m i`us`m ensagmns arrnvnrsajens nm raðg raðgm, m, kïb`hg kïb`hg,, inrnjrg y tanmnm `itavah`h tnr`tgbámai`. Vrghuinm um` br`m v`ranh`h hn oaigtgxam`s, sanmhg `ebum`s hn nee`s4 àiahg iaiegpa`zùmaig, àiahg pnmaiïeaig, iatrngvaraham`, iatramam`, gir`tgxam` @, p`tueam`, pnmatrno @, rujr`tgxam` @, rujr`tgxam` J, tgxam` VZ, vnruiueùbnmg y rgquncgrtam`. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn sn ounstr`m `ebum` `ebum` hn sus nstrui nstruitur`s tur`s quïoai`s4
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Gir`tgxam` @ @44 Vrghuiah` pgr V. vnrruigsuo, sn nmiunmtr` sgjrn inrn`ens, nojutahgs y qunsgs. Vrghuin hnbnmnr`iaùm br`s` hne kïb`hg y mnirgsas hne tndahg rnm`e nm `vns hn igrr`e. Yn `iuoue` nm tndahg tndahg br`sg hn `mao`ens y hn ást` cgro` p`s` `e `e snr kuo`mg.
8:3
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Iatramam`44 Ns um ont`jgeatg hn V. iatramuo. Amigrpgr`h` nm e` hant` hn `mao`ens punhn Iatramam` i`us`rens e` ounrtn pgr hnbnmnr`ia hnbnmnr`iaùm ùm rnm`e. V`tueam`44 Vrghuiah` pgr ne V. brasngcuevuo, igoôm nm inrn`ens y munins, V.nxp`msuo, V`tueam` crniunmtn nm o`mz`m`s y V. rgquncgrtaa ns ujaiug. Ns um` oaigtgxam` knp`tgtùxai`, mncrgtùxai` y out`bámai`.
08.: Amvnstab`iaùm. Ne `màeasas hn oaigtgxam`s sn pe`mtn` snbôm um nsquno` qun igmst` hn v`ra`s nt`p`s jàsai`s. Nstn nsquno` sucrn oghacai`iagmns nm cumiaùm hn e` m`tur`enz` hn e` ounstr` y hne prgpùsatg hne `màeasas. E`s ontghgegbï`s qun aopeai`m ne usg hn nmzaogamoumgnms`ygs punhn `peai`rsn harnit`onmtn eunbg hn e` nt`p` hn nxtr`iiaùm. Nst`s táimai`s prnsnmt`m um` `et` snmsajaeah`h y nspniacaiah`h p`r` hastamt`s oaigtgxam`s y `rrgd`m rnsuet`hgs iu`mtat`tavgs hn ouik` prniasaùm. prniasaùm.
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Xapgs hn ounstr`s4 ounstr`s4 Inrn`ens, `eaonmtgs j`e`min`hgs, enikn y sus hnrav`hgs, gen`bamgs`s, nspnians.
Yn rn`eaz`m egs sabuanmtns p`sgs4 `) Ogeanmh` hne o`tnra`e ` t`o`ðg p`rtaiue` p`rtaiue`hg hg j) Nxtr`iiaùm hn e`s `ce`tgxam `ce`tgxam`s `s (@CE.) igm onzie` hn sgevnmtns ` `hniu`h` hniu`h` i) Vuracai`iaùm hn egs nxtr`itgs h) Hntniiaùm onha`mtn XEI.
08.:.0 Xáimai`. Vns`r :> br hn ounstr`, ogenre` nm ogeamaeeg g eaiu`hgr` y igegi`re` nm um nrenmonynr igm t`p` nsonrae`h`, nm eg pgsajen. @brnb`ren >6 oe hn e` onzie` ont`mge4`bu` (36486), 0 br hn M`Ie y :6 oe hn knx`mg, eunbg igegi`reg nm um `bat`hgr oniàmaig, hur`mtn 96 oamutgs. Hni`mt`r y caetr`r pgr p`pne Rk`to`m M´ 8, tgo`r :> oe hn e` i`p` amcnragr (ont`mge4`bu`), onha`mtn ne nopeng hn papnt` y igegi`r nm `opgee` hn hni`mt`iaùm. 8:2
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@brnb`r nm e` `opgee` :> oe hn tgeunmg g iegrgcgrog, `bat`r 0 oam igm iuah`hg y hnd`r hni`mt`r p`r` qun sn snp`rnm e`s c`sns. Xgo`r e` pgriaùm supnragr (nm ne i`sg hn k`jnr us`hg tgeunmg), g amcnragr (sa nopenù iegrgcgrog), caetr`r pgr p`pne hn caetrg igm M`:YG8 `mkahrg. Zn`eaz`r gtr` nxtr`iiaùm igm tgeunmg g iegrgcgrog, munv`onmtn, e`v`mhg ne p`pne hn caetrg igm um` pgriaùm hne sgevnmtn nopen`hg- Znumar egs nxtr`itgs snigs y eenv`r` snqunh`h nm rgt`v`pgr (;6 ´I). Nopen`r ne nxtr`itg rnhasunetg p`r` rn`eaz`r e` XEI.
08.:.: @ase`oanmtg y Vrnsumiaùm hn Ahnmtah`h. Caik` táimai` hn e` @G@I (Gccaia`e Ontkghs gc @m`eysas 09 tk Nh. @ssgia`tagm gc Gccaia`e @m`eytai`e Iknoasts), Iknoasts), :3690, pàb pàb.. 801 R`skambtg R`skambtgm m 01;6). XNIMAI@ Hasgevnr ne rnsahug nm 066 ¾e hn tgeunmg4`intgm tgeunmg4`intgmatraeg atraeg (1;4:), `bat`r vabgrgs`onm vabgrgs`onmtn tn p`r` hasgevnr `hniu`h`onmtn y igm dnramb` hn 06 ¾e. Ynojr`r nm pe`i` hn sïeai` bne (igog c`sn nst`iagm`ra`)4 `) um` o`mik` hn : ¾e j) um` o`mik` hn > ¾e i) hgs o`mik`s hn 06 ¾e hne nxtr`itg prgjeno`.
Nm e` oaso` pe`i` sn sanojr`4 h) um` o`mik` hn : ¾e hn nstàmh`r n) um` o`mik` hn > ¾e hn nstàmh`r c) um` o`mik` hne 06 ¾e hn nstàmh`r b) um` o`mik` hn 06¾e hn nstàmh`r sgjrn um` hn e`s o`mik`s i) Ne irgo`tgbr`o` sn hns`rrgee` utaeaz`mhg igog c`sn oùvae e` onzie` iegrgcgrog-`intg iegrgcgrog-`intgm` m` (140) sam nquaeajr`r. Ne rnvne`hg sn rn`eaz` j`dg euz uetr`vagent` hn gmh` e`rb`. 8:;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
AMXNVZNX@IAGM Hnjnm `m`eaz`rsn e`s o`mik`s qun prnsnmtnm e` ounstr` prgjeno` y igop`r`r sus rnspnitavgs v`egrns hn Zc i gm egs hn egs nstàmh`rns. Nx`oam`r e` ceugrnsinmia` hn e`s o`mik`s hn e` ounstr`, gjsnrv`mhg sa o`mik`s ceugrnsinmtns hn ahámtaig v`egr hn Zc g crninm um `spnitg saoae`r `e hn egs p`trgmns, @ p`rtar hn egs h`tgs gjtnmahgs gjtnmahgs nm e` XEI, sn hnjn nstao nstao`r `r e` haeuiaùm o oàs às `hniu`h` ` ncnitu`r p`r` ne `màeasas iu`mtat`tavg, tnmanmhg nm iunmt` p`r` ne iàeiueg e` i`mtah`h hn nxtr`itg us`h` nm nstn i`sg. I^@MXACAI@IAGM Xáimai` Ya hn `iunrhg ` eg gjsnrv`hg nm ne p`sg `mtnragr cunr` mnins`rag haeuar ne nxtr`itg, ne oasog hnjn nv`pgr`rsn prnva`onmtn ` snqunh`h nm j`ðg hn `bu` y rnhasgevnr nm ne vgeuonm i`eiue`hg hn tgeunmg4`intgm tgeunmg4`intgmatraeg atraeg (1;4:). Nm um` pe`i` irgo`tgbràcai` hnjn snojr`rsn4 `) um` o`mik` hn 9,> ¾e hne nxtr`itg prgjeno` j) um` o`mik` hn >,6 ¾e hne nxtr`itg prgjeno` i) hgs o`mik`s hn 3,> ¾e hne nxtr`itg prgjeno` h) o`mik`s hn 9,>->,6 y 3,> ¾e hne p`trùm iu`mtat`tavg igrrnspgmhanmtn ` e` `ce`tgxam`
sgspnikgs`, snbôm eg gjsnrv`hg nm e` nt`p` `mtnragr n) >,6 ¾e hne p`trùm iu`mtat`tavg sgjrn um` hn e`s o`mik`s prgjeno` hn i), `itô` igog p`trùm amtnrmg. Eunbg sn prginhn `e hns`rrgeeg hne irgo`tgbr`o` igog sn amhaiù `mtnragronm `mtnragronmtn. tn.
AMXNZVZNX@IAÙM 8:1
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Ne p`trùm hnjnrà prnsnmt`r um` rnsgeuiaùm `hniu`h`, i`sg igmtr`rag hnjnrà
rnirgo`tgbr`ca`rsn. Egs v`egrns hn Zc hn e`s @CE- us`h`s igog p`trgmns amtnrmgs hnjnm hacnrar ouy pgig (eg ahn`e ns qun sn`m ahámtaigs), hn egs igrrnspgmhanmtns ` egs rnspnitavgs p`trgmns iu`mtat`tavgs. Igog e`s o`mik`s hn nxtr`itg prgjeno` sn igop`r`m harnit`onmtn igm e` hn egs p`trgmns hn @CE. i`rnin hn aopgrt`mia` e` o`bmatuh hn egs v`egrns hn Zc `prnia`hgs. Xgh` o`mik` ceugrnsinmtn qun prntnmh` ahnmtacai`rsn igog @CE J g @CE B, hnjnrà tnmnr ahámtaig v`egr hn Zc y um igegr saoae`r `e gcrniahg pgr e` o`mik` p`trùm igrrnspgmhanmtn. Igop`r`r e` amtnmsah`h hn ceugrnsinmia` prnsnmt`h` pgr e` o`mik` hne nxtr`itg prgjeno` igm e` amtnmsah`h hn ceugrnsinmia` hn e` o`mik` hn @CE. J0 hne p`trùm y hntnroam`r iuàe hn e`s `eïiugt`s hne nxtr`itg prgjeno` prnsnmt` um` amtnmsah`h hn ceugrnsinmia` abu`e ` um` hn e`s o`mik`s p`trùm. Ya e` amtnmsah`h hn e` o`mik` prgjeno` ns amtnronha` nmtrn hgs o`mik`s p`trgmns, sn hnjnrà amtnrpge`r nmtrn e`s oaso`s. IÀEI^EGY Ne igmtnmahg hn @CE. J0 sn hntnroam` `peai`mhg e` cùroue` sabuanmtn4 Y.Q.S
¾e hn @CE. J0/ Lb. hn prghuitg ? [.T Yanmhg4
Y ....... ¾e. hne p`trùm hn @CE. J0 hn amtnmsah`h hn ceugrnsinmia` abu`e ` e` ounstr` prgjeno`. Q ....... igminmtr`iaù igminmtr`iaùm m hn @CE. J0 nm ne onmiagm`hg p`trùm p`trùm,, nm ¾br/oe. S ........¾e hne sgevnmtn rnqunrahgs p`r` haeuar ne nxtr`itg cam`e [ ....... pnsg nm br. hn e` ounstr` grabam`e igmtnmahg nm ne nxtr`itg cam`e. T ....... ¾e. hne nxtr`itg prgjeno` `peai`hg p`r` gjtnmnr um` amtnmsah`h hn ceugrnsinmia` abu`e abu`e ` Y hne p`trùm hn @CE. J0 896
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Egs iàeiuegs p`r` J:, B0 y B: sgm saoae`rns
Vrginhaoanmtg p`r` hntnroam`r saouetàmn`onmtn `ce`tgxam`s, gir`tgxam` y zn`r`enmgm` Hrgb`s y rn`itavgs4 rn`itavgs4 • Knx`mg, iegrgcgrog, iegrurg hn ontaenmg, hantaeátnr, tghgs hn br`hg p. `. • @ogmï`ig. • Ygeuiaùm ont`mge/`bu` (;>40>) • Ygeuiaùm K:YG8 96% • Ygeuiaùm hn C`st Jeun Y`et ZZ 6,2 % p/v nm `bu` hnstae`h`. • Ygeuiaùm hn M`GK 6.0 M • Ygeuiaùm hn M`IA `e 06% p/v, • Ygevnmtn iegrgcgrog/`intgm` (140) `) Ygevnmtn tgeunmg/`int`tg hn ntaeg ntaeg/cùroaig /cùroaig ;>% (349 (34940) 40) Nstàmh`rns4 • Ygeuiaùm hn @ce`tgxam`s J0 6.99 ¾b/oe, J: 6.26 ¾b/oe, B0 6.99 ¾b/oe, B: 6.26 ¾b/oe nm iegrgcgrog. • Tn`r`enmgm` >6 ¾b/oe nm iegrgcgrog. • Gir`tgxam` > ¾b/oe nm ont`mge. O`tnra`ens y nquapgs nspnia`ens4 • Irgo`tgcgtags hn saeai` saeai`bne bne 36 sam amhai amhai`hgr `hgr hn ceugrnsinmia` ceugrnsinmia`,, 6.: o oo o hn ns nspnsgr pnsgr
• Eàop`r` ^S 93> mo • Oairgpapnt`s 066 ¾e • Dnramb` K`oaetgm 06-:> ¾e • Igeuom`s YVN hn > oe hn i`p`iah`h • Zgia`hgrns hn irgo`tgcgeags
Nxtr`iiaùm4 890
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Onzie`r :6 br`ogs hn tratur`hg igm ;6 oe hn um` sgeuiaùm ont`mge/`bu` (;>40>). @bat`r o`mu`eonmtn hur`mtn 96 oamutgs g nm sk`lnr g eaiu`hgr` iamig oamutgs. Caetr`r nm p`pne hn caetrg hn pgrg brunsg y igenit`r 86 oe hn caetr`hg. @brnb`r 86 oe hn M`IA 06% ` egs 86 86 oe hn caetr`hg caetr`hg.. Hnsbr`s`r pgr nxtr`iiaùm hn : x :> oe igm knx`mg nm `opgee` hn hni`mt`iaùm. Hnsi`rt`r ne nxtr`itg knx`mg. Nxtr`it`r e` sgeuiaùm hnsbr`s`h` igm : x :> oe hn iegrgcgrog. Igenit`r `ojgs vgeôonmns hn iegrgcgrog y nv`pgr`r, hnsi`rt`mhg e` c`sn `iugs`. Vuracai`iaùm4 @igmhaiagm`r igmhaiagm`r e` igeuom` igm 9 oe hn knx`mg, snbuah` hn 9 oaeaeatrgs hn iegrurg hn ontaenmg. Mg pnroatar qun ne enikg hn e` igeuom` sn snqun. Hasgevnr ne rnsahug iegrgcùroaig nm 9 oe hn iegrurg hn ontaenmg y tr`mscnrar iu`mtat`tav`onmtn ` e` igeuom` igm iegrurg hn ontaenmg. @spar`r e` ounstr`. E`v`r igm 9 oaeaeatrgs hn knx`mg, snbuahg hn 9 oe hn hantaeátnr, snbuahg hn 9 oe hn iegrurg hn ontaenmg. Hnsi`rt`r egs neu`tgs. Neuar e` ounstr` hnshn e` igeuom` igm 3 oe hn iegrgcgrog/`intgm` (140). Nv`pgr`r k`st` rnsahug snig. Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm pe`i` cam`4 Ne rnsahug sn rnhasunevn nm :66 ¾e hn iegrgcgrog, us`mhg nstn nxtr`itg p`r` e` sanojr` nm XEI. Ne sgevnmtn hn igrrah` ` us`r ns tgeunmg/`in tgeunmg/`int`tg t`tg hn ntaeg/cùroaig ;>% (34940)
Znvne`hg4 E`s `ce`tgxam`s `p`rninm igm ceugrnsinmia` `zue `e ^S (93> mo). Zgia`mhg igm K:YG8 96% e` ceugrnsinmia` sn tgo` `o`raee`. Eïoatn hn hntniiaùm 6,> mb. Zc `ce`. ≎ 6.:6. E` zn`r`enmgm` `p`rnin eunbg hne rgia`hg hn e` pe`i` igm C`st Jeun Y`et ZZ y snbuah`onmtn igm M`GK 6. 0 M. Yn gjsnrv`rà e` `p`raiaùm hn um` o`mik` pôrpur` j`dg euz je`mi`. Eïoatn hn hntniiaùm > mb. Zc zn`. ≎ 6,26.
89:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
E` gir`tgxam` `p`rnin igm ceugrnsinmia` vnrhn j`dg euz ^S (93> mo), Eunbg hn nxpgmnre` pe`i` ` v`pgrns hn MK9 sn gjsnrv` var`dn ` ceugrnsinmia` `zue. Eïoatn hn hntniiaùm 6.> mb. Zc gir`. ≎ 6.86. Vrginhaoanmtg p`r` hntnroam`r Xraigtninmgs hn egs brupgs @ y J Hrgb`s y rn`itavgs4 •
@intgmatraeg, `int`tg hn n ntaeg, taeg, ieg iegrgcgrog, rgcgrog, tgeunmg, àiahg cùroaig, jnminmg, `intgm`, tghgs
hn br`hg p.`. •
I`rjgm `itavg p` p`r` r` irgo irgo`tgbr`cï` `tgbr`cï` g nquav`enmtn. @itav`hg iamig o oamutgs amutgs ` 0>6 ´I
•
@eôoam` mnutr` p`r` irgo`tgbr` irgo`tgbr`cï` cï` g nquav`enmtn
•
Ineatn p`r` irgo`tgbr`cï` g nquav`enmtn nquav`enmtn..
•
Ygeuiaùm hn iegrurg hn `euoamag. Hasgevnr 0> br h hn nI Iee9 @A.9K:6 nm 0> oe hn `bu` oàs ;> oe hn nt`mge purg g nm 066 oe hn nt`mge 13´
•
Ygeuiaùm hn àiahg suecôraig `e 96%.
•
Ygevnmtn A onzie` `intgmatraeg/`i `intgmatraeg/`int`tg nt`tg hn ntaeg/`bu` (>648041).
•
Ygevnmtn eA4 iagrgcgrog/`intg iagrgcgrog/`intgmatraeg matraeg (840).
Nstàmh`rns4 •
X-: 066 ¾b/oe nm iegrgcgrog.
•
Mngsge`mag Mngsge`magee 066 ¾b/oe nm iegrgcgrog,
•
HGM 066 ¾b/oe nm ont`mgE
O`tnra`ens y nquapgs nspnia`ens4 •
Irgo`tgcgeags hn sa saeai`bne eai`bne 36 sam amhai`hgr hn ceu ceugrnsinmia`, grnsinmia`, 6.: o oo o hn nspnsgr.
•
Nstuc` 0:6 ´I.
•
Eàop`r` ^S 93> mo,
• •
Oairgpapnt`s 066 ¾e Dnramb` K`oaetgm 06-:> ¾e
•
Igeuom`s hn 0 io hn haàontrg amtnrmg y 06 io hn egmbatuh hn o`tnra`e mg `t`i`jen pgr sgevnmtns, puhanmhg us`rsn ne iaeamhrg hn dnramb`s hnsi`rt`jens hn > oe. 899
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
•
Zgia`hgrns hn irgo`tgcgeags.
Nxtr`iiaùm4 Vns`r 06 br. hn tratur`hg y `brnb`r 86 oe hn Ygevnmtn 0 y 93 oe hn knx`mg. @bat`r o`mu`eonmtn hur`mtn 96 oamutgs g nm sk`lnr g eaiu`hgr` iamig oamutgs. Caetr`r ` tr`vás hn p`pne hn caetrg hn pgrg brunsg. Xgo`r e` c`sn amcnragr (`iugs`) p`r` prginhnr ` e` eaopanz` hne nxtr`itg. Ien`m-up4 Vrnp`r`r um` igeuom` igm nenonmtgs nm ne sabuanmtn grhnm hnshn `j`dg k`h` `rraj`4 p`pne hn caetrg hn pgrg brunsg abu`e `e haàontrg hn e` oaso`, 6.0 br hn ineatn y 0.> br hn e` onzie` i`rjùm `itav`hg/`eôoam`/ineatn (6,246,>46,9), igop`it`mhg k`ia` ne cgmhg hn e` igeuom`. E`v`r e` igeuom` igm 3 oe hn Ygevnmtn 0, `peai`mhg v`iïg igm um` vnegiah`h hn neuiaùm hn > oe/oam. Hnsi`rt`r ne eïquahg hn e`v`hg. @brnb`r suinsav`onmtn :6 oe hne caetr`hg y 06 oe hne Ygevnmtn 0, rniupnr`mhg ne tgt`e hne neuïhg. Xr`sv`s`r ` um j`eùm y eenv`r ` snqunh`h ` 26 ´I. E`v`r ne j`eùm igm hgs vgeuonmns hn `int`tg hn ntaeg ` tnopnr`tur` hn j`ðg o`rï` p`r` `snbur`r e` hasgeuiaùm hn tgh`s e`s tgxam`s `hknrah`s ` e`s p`rnhns hne j`eùm. Eenv`r munv`onmtn ` snqunh`h. Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm pe`i` cam` Znhasgevnr ne nxtr`itg nm 066 ¾e hn Ygevnmtn AA. Ne sgevnmtn hn igrrah` ` us`r ns
jnminmg/`intgm` jnminmg/`intg m` (94:). E` pe`i` sn hns`rrgee` y sn sni` nm e` gsiurah`h. Znvne`hg4 Ne HGM `p`rnin igm um` ceugrnsinmia` `zue ` e` euz ^S hn 936 mo, eunbg hn nojnjnr e` pe`i` nm um` sgeuiaùm `e 0>% nm ieggrurg hn `euoamag nm nt`mge 13´ y i`enmt`r ` 0:6 ´I hur`mtn iamig oamutgs. Zc HGM ≎6 .96. X: y mngsge`mage `p`rninm igm um` ceugrnsinmia` bras-vnrhgs` ` e` euz ^S hn 936 mo, eunbg hn mnjueaz`r igm um` sgeuiaùm hn 898
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
àiahg suecôraig `e 96% y i`enmt`r ` 0:6 ´I hur`mtn iamig oamutgs. Zc X: ≎ G.2< Zc mngs. 6.8>. ≎6.8>.
89>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
I@VAX^EG 0> NE VNEG IGOG O@XZAT V@Z@ E@ JÔYP^NH@ HN HZGB@Y HN ^YG AMHNJAHG. @utgr4 Vrgc. Oara`o B. @r`hg.
Vnratg Puïoaig Duhaia`e. Hginmtn ^mavnrsat`rag.
Amtrghuiiaùm
Ne `màeasas hn e` o`trïzp neg kumhn sus r`ïins nm ne igmgiaoanmtg ïmtnbrg hn e` ogrcgegbï`, `itavah`h ont`jùeai`, hastrajuiaùm y `eo`inm`oanmtg hn hrgb`s, nm e` iratnrags` neniiaùm hn ontghgegbï`s igmsnmsu`h`s pgr e` igoumah`h ianmtïcai` amtnrm`iagm`e y `ôm oàs nm e` igrrnit` amtnrprnt`iaùm hn rnsuet`hgs. 893
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
0>.0 Igminptgs bnmnr`ens Ns janm igmgiahg ne p`pne qun dunb` ne pneg iu`mhg ns k`ee`hg nm nsinm`s hn knikgs hneaitavgs, tgrmàmhgsn nm um` knrr`oanmt` v`eags` hn igtndg. Nstuhags hn su ogrcgegbï`, nstruitur`, prgpanh`hns cïsai`s, nmtrn gtr`s, `pgrt`m h`tgs p`r` hnsi`rt`r g igmcaro`r amhavahugs prnsumt`onmtn aoput`hgs, ouikg oàs `ôm iu`mhg ást` o`traz pgsnn juejg, igmhaiaùm p`r` rn`eaz`r nstuhags hn `màeasas igop`r`tavgs hn @HM. @saoasog, su utaeah`h p`r` hntnit`r tùxaigs oamnr`ens igog `rsámaig y t`eag, nmtrn gtrgs, ns janm igmgiah` hnshn ouikg tanopg `tràs. Znspnitg hn nmi`r`r nm nstn tndahg nstuhags tnmhanmtns ` hntnit`r igopunstgs grbàmaigs hn amtnrás tgxaigeùbaig, pghnogs onmiagm`r brupgs hn amvnstab`hgrn amvnstab`hgrnss hn Nst`hgs ^mahgs, @eno`ma` n At`ea` igog pagmnrgs nm e` tnoàtai`. Egs praonrgs igopunstgs grbàmaigs hntnit`hgs k`m sahg hrgb`s hn `jusg pramiap`eonmtn ogrcam`, igopunstgs rne`iagm`hgs y igi`ïm`. Yurbn ne amtnrrgb`mtn hne pgrquá mg sn k` nstuha`hg y/g hntnit`hg hrgb`s y càro`igs `mtns hn 0121, cnik` nm qun J`uob`rtmnr h` ` igmginr ` e` igoumah`h ianmtïcai` ne praonr `ase`oanmtg n ahnmtacai`iaùm hn ogrcam` nm pneg, onha`mtn e` táimai` t áimai` hn r`hagamoumgnms` r`hagamoumgnms`yg. yg. K`y um` rnspunst` qun p`rnin nvahnmtn4 egs mavnens hntnit`hgs sgm j`dïsaogs nm ne grhnm hne m`mgbr`og pgr oaeabr`og hn pneg. Nm ás` ápgi` rnsuet`j` hacaiuetgsg `ei`mz`r haikgs mavnens hn hntniiaùm, oàs `ôm e` iu`mtacai`iaùm sn tgrm`j` nmbgrrgs` y` qun egs nstàmh`rns amtnrmgs hnutnr`hgs nr`m pràitai`onmtn am`snquajens am`snquajens y hn ouy `etg igstg. Amaia`eonmtn kujg um` nucgra` bnmnr`eaz`h` nmtrn egs tgxaiùegbgs mgrtn`onrai`mgs y nurgpngs qun ouy prgmtg hnjanrgm ee`o`rsn ` e` pruhnmia` y` qun nm @eno`ma` sn
amcgro`j`m hrgb`s hn `jusg pgsatav`s nm amhavahugs qun mg k`jï`m igmsuoahg `itav`onmtn e` hrgb` nm iunstaùm pnrg sï k`jï`m nst`hg nm igmt`itg igm nee`s. @sï `p`rnin ne igminptg hn igmt`oam`iaùm nxtnrm` y t`ojaám hn ambrnsg p`savg ―sastáoaig‟. Xároamg qun nmiunmtrg `prgpa`hg p`r` hncamar ne ambrnsg hn e` hrgb` y su hastrajuiaùm nm ne grb`masog y pgstnragr hnpùsatg nm ne nspáiaonm hn nstuhag. @quï igoanmz` ` hasiutarsn e` mninsah`h hn v`egrns hn Iut-Gcc `dust`hgs, qun puhanr`m h`r sustnmtg caron ` egs bu`rasogs nmigmtr`hgs nm pnegs hn pnrsgm`s supunst`onmtn igmsuoahgr`s hn hrgb`s.
892
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Vrgsabun e` hasiusaùm sgjrn e` neniiaùm hn um sastno` hn e`v`hg ùptaog y egs prginhaoanmtgs hn nxtr`iiaùm. I`jn hnst`i`r rnspnitg hn nstg ôetaog qun k` sahg ne p`ràontrg qun oàs i`ojags k` sucrahg nm egs ôetaogs 8 ` > `ðgs, gjva`onmtn tnmhanmtn ` um` ondgr rniupnr`iaùm hne `m`eatg. Znsuet` prgpaiag nxprns`r nm ástn snmtahg, qun hnshn e` amtrghuiiaùm hne sastno` sastno` YVN k`ia` onha`hgs hn e` hái` hái`h` h` hne 16 mgs k`ee`ogs kgy crnmtn `e usg oàs crniunmtn hn e` YVON y hn e` YCN (ceuahg sôpnr irïtaig). H`mhg igog rnsuet`hg ne usg hn táimai`s qun rnquanrnm onmgr i`mtah`h hn o`traz g nspáiaonm gcrnianmhg igog vnmt`d` ouy `etgs rnmhaoanmtgs. Nstà nm penm` hasiusaùm e` rnprghuiajaeah`h hn egs v`egrns iu`mtat`tavgs p`r` ástgs hgs ôetaogs oátghgs hn nxtr`iiaùm. Nm munstrg p`ïs nxastnm nxastnm amhaiags q qun un ` pramiapag h hn n e` hái`h` hne 1 16 6 sn utaeazù pneg igm ne gjdntg hn hnsi`rt`r hrgb`s hn `jusg. Munstr` nxpnranmia` igonmzù sastnoàtai`onmtn nm ne `ðg 0118, `e ncnitu`r `ase`oanmtgs onha`mtn YVN (nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah`) `peai`h` ` i`sgs pgst-ogrtno n amhavahugs vavgs igmsuoahgrns igmsuntuham`rags nm tr`t`oanmtgs psaquaàtraig psaquaàtraigs. s. Egs nstuhags ncnitu`hgs k`m prgpgriagm`hg k`ee`zbgs sgrprnmhnmtns< amieusavn k` pnroatahg mg sge`onmtn igmtnope`r ne pneg pnrair`mn`e igog o`traz `etnrm`tav` samg t`ojaám ne vneeg pujaig, `xae`r y j`rj`. Yam huh` `ebum`, nm e` `itu`eah`h ne nx`onm quïoaig quïoaig ns ne nmi`rb`hg hn o ogstr`r gstr`r oàs `eeà hn gtrgs sabmgs vasajens, ne igmsuog hn sust`mia`s hn usg amhnjahg. X`ojaám rnsuet` hn amtnrás ne nstuhag nstuhag hn onhai`onmtgs uta utaeaz`hgs eaz`hgs igm camns tnr`p tnr`páutaigs áutaigs prnsiraptgs g `utgonhai`hgs. Ns aopgrt`mtn pghnr nst`jeninr nm ne i`jneeg pnrair`mn`e, e` irgmgegbï` hn `hoamastr`iaùm hn hrgb`s. Nstn h`tg ns `pgrt`hg pgr ne r`strng hn tùxaigs nm hacnrnmtns snbonmtgs rnp`rtahgs rnp`rtahgs hnshn ne juejg k`st` ne nxtrnog nxtrnog hast`e g pumt`. (cab.0)
89;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Cab.0 Igrtn hn `prgxao`h`onmtn 93 io hn egmbatuh, havahahg nm snbonmtgs hn 9 io i`h` umg qun sn nstuha`m nm cgro` snp`r`h`.
E` nxpnranmia` mgs amhai` qun um` hrgb` amigrpgr`h` trns hï`s `mtns hn e` tgo` hn ounstr` pghrà snr k`ee`h` sge`onmtn nm ne juejg g nm e`s praonr`s pgriagmns hn e` o`traz. @ onhah` qun ne tanopg tr`msiurrn, ne hnp hnpùsatg ùsatg hn e`s sust`mia`s sn hnspe`z` hnspe`z` k`ia` ne nxtrnog hast`e hne oasog. Igog sn onmiagmù prninhnmtnonmtn tnmanmhg nm iunmt` ástn cnmùonmg, punhn hntnroam`rsn e` Irgmgegbï` hn Igmsuog. Mgro`eonmtn egs i`jneegs irninm hur`mtn ; ` 06 onsns ` r`zùm hn 0 io pgr ons (c`sn hn irniaoanmtg g c`sn `màbnm`), eunbg ins` ne irniaoanmtg hur`mtn hgs g trns onsns (c`sn tneùbnm`), p`r` eunbg amvgeuiagm`r y i`nr (c`sn i`tàbnm`). @hnoàs, gcrnin pgsajaeah` pgsajaeah`hns hns hn `màeasas iu`mhg onha`m nst`hgs putrnc`itavgs
aopgrt`mtns igog igog nm ounstr`s prgvn prgvnmanmtns manmtns hn nxk nxkuo`iagmns uo`iagmns hn igrt` g e`rb` h`t`. Nm ástn snmtahg egs pnegs k`m hnogstr`hg snr umg hn egs ondgrns rnsnrvgrags hn hrgb`s pgr tanopg prgegmb`hg. Hn knikg, munstr`s prgpa`s gjsnrv`iagmns nm e` pnro`mnmia` hn sust`mia`s cunrgm egbr`h`s `e `ase`r hrgb`s `euiamùbnm`s hn e` @. igeujram` nm pnegs hn ogoa`s `mham`s hn oàs hn oae `ðgs hn `mtabõnh`h. Xgh`s ns`s vnmt`d`s k`inm ` qun su `peai`iaùm nm e` nscnr` duhaia`e sn` `opea` y um `pgrtn ôtae rnspnitg rnspnitg ` gtr`s o`train o`trainss igog vïsinr`s, s`mb s`mbrn rn u gram`. Znigrhnogs qun e` gram` prgpgriagm` amcgro`iaùm nm tanopg rne`tav`onmtn jrnvn hn igmsuog, oanmtr`s qun ne pneg mgs pnroatarà igmginr amigrpgr`iag amigrpgr`iagmns mns onha`t`s, ns hniar, sno`m`s, onsns, `ðgs. 891
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Ns amhaspnms`jen k`inr um` iratnrags` neniiaùm hn tndahg, snirniaùm g eïquahg igrpgr`e iu`mhg sn hnsnn hntnit`r um` sust`mia` puns hnpnmhnrà hn e` jaghaspgmajae jaghaspgmajaeah`h ah`h umah` ` gtrgs c`itgrns amknrnmtns ` e` prgpa` hrgb` (pK, pL`, tanopg hn vah` onha`, nti.) Hn nst` o`mnr` e` vnmt`m` hn hntniiaùm hn sust`mia`s sn `opeï`.
0>.: Jagegba` hne pneg V`r` pghnr igoprnmhnr igog um` hrgb` ambrns` `e pneg y pgrqun nsi`p` `e ont`jgeasog bnmnr`e ns mnins`rag nmtnmhnr qun ne pneg ns sgeg um` p`rtn hn um ùrb`mg j`st`mtn igopendg, amieuahg y hacnrnmia`hg ` p`rtar hn gtrg ùrb`mg, e` pane, ee`o`hg igopendg paeg snjàing. - Ùrb`mg paegsnjàing Nstn sastno`
nstruitur`e cumiagm`e igopendg punhn snr havahahg nm hgs igop`rtaoanmt igop`rtaoanmtgs gs
ont`jùeaigs hacnrnmtns `umqun amtnrhnpnmhanmtns y hnpnmhanmtns cumiagm`eonmtn hne ùrb`mg o`hrn qun eg igmtanmn, e` pane. @ umg hn egs igop igop`rtao `rtaoanmt anmtgs gs pghr pghrï`og ï`ogss ee`o ee`o`reg `reg ―prg ―prghuit huitgr‟, gr‟, ont` ont`jùe jùeai`o ai`onmtn nmtn `ita `itavg vg pgsnynmhg tgh`s e`s iáeue`s bnmnr`hgr`s hn qunr`tam` y e` snirniaùm snjàin` cgro`tav` hn gtrg igop`rtaoanmtg qun pghrï`ogs ee`o`r ―prghuitg‟. Ástn ont`jùeai`onmtn onmgs `itavg, ne pneg prgpa`onmtn haikg y e` snirniaùm snjàin` qun rniujrn `e oasog.
0>.9 Ogrcgegbï` hne pneg @sï, ne pneg `pámhain hn e` pane qun irnin ` p`rtar hne cgeïiueg paegsg, sn nxtanmhn hnshn ne juejg nopgtr`hg nm ne cgeïiue cgeïiueg g ` tr`vás hn um ndn y cam`eaz`mhg nm um` pumt`. pumt`. Nm ne ndn sn hastambunm trns pe`mgs hnshn `cunr` k`ia` `hnmtrg nm cgro` igmiámtrai`, e` iutïiue`, igrtnz` y oáhue`. iutïiue`, E` igrtnz` rai` nm qunr`tam` cajrae`r cgro` nmtrniruz`oanmt nmtrniruz`oanmtgs gs igm gtr`s prgtnïm`s onha`mtn punmtns hasuecurgs qun k`in `e pneg um` nstruitur` `et`onmtn nst`jen, `ôm nm e` nt`p` hn `pgptgsas. (hne branbg4 `pg4 kgd` y ptgsas 4 i`ïh`. Ontàcgr` qun igop`r` e` neaoam`iaùm hn 886
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
iáeue`s iu`mhg ást`s igopent`m su iaieg vat`e igog e` i`ah` hn kgd`s nm gtgðg) E` `pgptgsas ns igmsahnr`h` kgy igog um `igmtniaoanmt `igmtniaoanmtg g casageùbaig hn hnstruiiaùm prgbr`o`h` hn iáeue`s hur`mtn e` qunr`tamgpgynsas. Nm ástn prginsg hn `pgptgsas e`s onojr`m`s ineue`rns panrhnm `hknsaùm y e`s iáeue`s punhnm hnsi`o`rsn.Yam noj`rbg, nm ne pneg e`s nstruitur` pnro`mnin dumt`, umt`, hn hnjah jahg g ` e` e` pr prghui ghuiiaùm iaùm hn g gtr`s tr`s prgt prgtnïm` nïm`ss qu qun n o` o`mtan mtanmnm mnm umah umah`s `s ` e`s iáeu iáeue`s e`s nmtrn sï. E` oáhue` sn k`ee` cgro`h` pgr o`tnra`e prgtnaig y eapïhaig hn hnbr`h`iaùm ineue`r oàs `jumh`mtn nm `bu` qun e` i`p` igrtai`e, tgt`eonmtn hnskahr`t`h` y pràitai`onmtn aopnron`jen. Ne ùrb`mg p paegsnjàing aegsnjàing prnsnmt` um` beàm beàmhue` hue` `m `mnx`, nx`, e` snjàin`, Pun jrgt` igog um` yno` yno` nm e` pgriaùm ïstoai` hne cg cgeïiueg. eïiueg. E` snirnia snirniaùm ùm prgvnmanm prgvnmanmtn tn hn ást` beàmhue` igmtanmn igmtanmn àiahgs br`sgs `eacàtaig `eacàtaigss y gtrgs igopendgs havahahg havahahgss bnmnr`eonmtn nm trns brupgs4 Nsiu`enmgs y nstnrgens (`prgxao`h`onmtn 0: % hne tgt`e hn e` snirniaùm), ástnrns hn àiahgs br`sgs igm `eigkgens br`sgs (:>%), trabeaiárahgs y àiahgs br`sgs eajrns (>2%). E` snirniaùm snjàin`, v`ra`jen pgr hacnrnmtns c`itgrns ns neaoam`h` pgr ne oasog pgrg pgr ne qun nonrbn ne pneg, j`ð`mhg ne t`eeg paegsg. 0>.8 Igegr`iaùm hne Vneg Nm e` igrtnz` sn k`ee`m bràmuegs hn pabonmtgs iuyg pramiap`e igopgmnmtn ns e` one`mam`, samtntaz`h` nm pnqunðgs iunrpgs qun sn k`ee`m nm ne juejg, (one`mgiatgs) E` i`mtah`h y i`eah`h hn one`mam` v`rï` snbôm ne tapg hn pneg (mnbrg, i`st`ðg, rujag, pnearrgdg).@hnoàs pnearrgdg).@hn oàs hn e` one`mam` nxastnm gtrgs pabo pabonmtgs nmtgs nm onmgr i`mtah`h qun h`m `e pneg hacnrnmia`s hn o`tains, igog4 i`rgtnmgahns ce`vgmgahns y gtrgs pabonmtgs hnmgoam`hgs bnmárai`onmtn bnmárai`onm tn traigirgogs. Hn tgh`s o`mnr`s, ns e` one`mam` one`mam` ne pabo pabonmtg nmtg oàs aopgrt`mtn igm igminmtràmhgsn inmtràmhgsn o`ygronmtn
nm e` igrtnz` hne pneg, sanmhg e` oáhue` k`jatu`eonmt k`jatu`eonmtn n kapgirùoai` `umqun mg sanoprn. One`mam` E` one`mam` sn samtntaz` ` p`rtar hn e` Xargsam`, qu qun n pgr ncnitg hn e` nmzao` Xargsam`s` Xargsam`s` p`s` ` Hgp` y eunbg ` Hgp`quamgm`. Ást`
ôetao` punhn iaie`rsn ` hgp`irgog y igmcgro`r
geabùonrgs qun v`m ` cgro`r e` Nuone`mam` g One`mam` vnrh`hnr` (hn igegr i`st`ðg gsiurg g mnbrg igm nsi`sgs sueckahraegs) sueckahraegs) g umarsn ` beu beut`taùm t`taùm y/g iastnïm` p`r` h`r eub`r ` beut`ta beut`taùm ùm hgp` g iashgp`,qun ` tr`vás hn hacnrnmtns oghacai`iagmn oghacai`iagmnss eeenb` enb` ` cgro`r jnmzgtagzam jnmzgtagzamaeae-
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O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
`maeam`s, grabam`mhg geabùonrgs cngone`mam` g one`mam` c`es` (hn igegr p`rhg rgdazg rai` nm `oamgàiahgs `zucr`hgs igog e` iastnïm`) g janm traigirgogs ogmgoáraigs. 0>.> Xapgs hn Vneg Hn `iunrhg ` su igmcgro`iaùm igmcgro`iaùm y egmbatuh, ne pneg punhn snr havahahg nm nm44 E`mubg, vneeg y pneg hn iunrg i`jneeuhg (i`jneeg) Ne e`mubg ns um pneg camg y su`vn qun nxastn nm ne cntg, i`ynmhg ` egs pgigs hï`s hn vah` . Ne vneeg ns um pneg bnmnr`eonmtn oàs brunsg qun ne i`jneeg, igm oáhue` igopent` ` onmuhg hn haàontrg arrnbue`r y igm tnmhnmia` ` iurv`rsn. Ne vneeg mg pgsnn ne oasog iaieg jageùbaig ma e` oaso` vnegiah`h hn irniaoanmtg qun ne i`jneeg pnrg sa um` kgrogmg-hnpnmhnmia` saoae`r. 0>.3 Irniaoanmtg Ne pneg kuo`mg tanmn trns c`sns hn irniaoanmtg4 `) @m`bámai`4 Ns um` c`sn hn irniaoanmtg `itavg. Hur` nmtrn : ’9 `ðgs. j) I`tnbámai`4 Ns um` c`sn hn tr`msaiaùm nmtrn ne irniaoanmtg `itavg y e` nt`p` cam`e. i) Xnegbámai` 4Hur` nmtrn :-9 onsns y igmstatuyn e` c`sn cam`e,hgmhn ne pneg sn hnsprnmhn
càiaeonmtn.
0>.2 Amigrpgr`iaùm hn Hrgb`s `e Grb`masog K`janmhg `m`eaz`hg e` `m`tgoï` y casagegbï` hne igopendg paegsnjàing, surbn um` snran hn pgsajaeah`hns hn amigrpgr`iaùm y pnro`mnmia` hn hrgb`s hn `jusg nm ne t`eeg paegsg.
`)-Hacusaùm `)Hacusaùm V`sav`4 V`sav`4 E` kapùtnsas oàs saopen hn ne`jgr ne`jgr`r `r ns e` h hn n hacusaùm p` p`sav` sav` hn e` hrgb` ` e` zgm` hn sïmtnsas hne cgeïiueg paegsg ` p`rtar hn e` igminmtr`iaùm hn hrgb` nm pe`so`. Mg ns aeùbaig pnms`r qun ne cgeïiueg paegsg sn ―nojnjn‟hn e` hrgb` pgr um saopen oni`masog hn jaghaspgmajaeah`h, nm um` hastrajuiaùm umacgron hn ást`s k`ia` iáeue`s ont`jùeai`onmtn `itav`s. Nst` ahn` prnsnmt` v`rags h`tgs qun en quat`m sustnmtg4 pgr um e`hg, nstuhags `m`eïtaigs ounstr`m qun nm pneg ns o`ygr e` igminmtr`i igminmtr`iaùm aùm hn hrgb` ïmtnbr` oàs qun sus ont`jgeatgs ont`jgeatgs.. Vgr gtrg e`hg, e` igminmtr`iaùm hn hrgb`s nm pneg ns snas vnins o`ygr qun nm s`mbrn, eg qun amhai` qun hn `ebum` o`mnr` e` hrgb` mg hacumhn p`sav`onmtn. 88:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
X`ojaám sn igmgin qun e` hrgb` sn ujai` nm ne t`eeg paegsg, pgr eg qun hnjn nxastar um ràpahg p`s`dn hn e` oaso`, am`etnr`h`, k`ia` ig igop`rtaoanmtgs op`rtaoanmtgs ont`j ont`jùeai`onmtn ùeai`onmtn am`ita am`itavgs. vgs. Ns eùbaig pnms`r qun e` hrgb` aamigrpgr`h` migrpgr`h` ` e` zgm zgm` ` hn sïmtnsas h hne ne cgeïiu cgeïiueg eg paeg paegsg sg ns harnit`onmtn prgpgriagm`e ` e` hr hrgb` gb` iariue` iariue`mtn, mtn, pgr eeg g qun ` `ee ont`jgeaz ont`jgeaz`rsn `rsn ást` e` igminmtr`iaùm pe`soàtai` i`n, amvartaámhgsn ne prginsg, vgei`mhg ne cgeïiueg paegsg hrgb` ` e` iariue`iaùm, sanmhg eg oasog p`r` hrgb`s eajrns nm pe`so` g umah` ` e` cr`iiaùm prgtnai`. Vgr eg t`mtg hnjn nxastar um oni`masog hn `tr`p`oanmt `tr`p`oanmtg g y prgtniiaùm hn ogeáiue`s qun aopah`m qun ást`s nmtrnm `e satag hn ont`jgeaz` ont`jgeaz`iaùm iaùm y jaghaspgmajaeah`h bnmnr`e hne grb`masog.
j)-Oghneg j)Oghneg Ouetaigop`rtaonmt`e Ouetaigop`rtaonmt`e4 Yn pgstue`m havnrs`s kapùtnsas. j0) Amigrpgr`iaùm hn hrgb` ` e` zgm` qunr`tùbnm`.
Puanmns `pgy`m ást` ahn`
sgstanmnm qun e` hrgb` ns amigrpgr`h` ` e` zgm` qunr`tùbnm` hne pneg, ont`jùeai`onmtn onmgs `itav`, ` p`rtar hn e` hacusaùm hnshn e` s`mbrn. Ne knikg hn pgsnnr onmgr `itavah`h ont`jùeai` dustacai` e` c`et` hn hnbr`h hnbr`h`iaùm `iaùm hn e`s ogeáiue` ogeáiue`s. s. Yam noj`rbg mg nxpeai` e` o`yg o`ygrr igminmtr`iaùm,, y` qun tnmhrï` qun nx igminmtr`iaùm nxastar astar um` nxtrno`h` `vahnz hn e` qunr`tam` amo`hur` p`r` cad`r e` hrgb` y prgtnbnre`, knikg qun mg k` sahg hnogstr`hg cnk`ianmtnonmtn. X`opgig sn igmgin e` i`p`iah`h hn s`tur`iaùm hn e` qunr`tam`, c`itgr eaoat`mtn oàs aopgrt`mtn p`r` `ei`mz`r igminmtr`iagmns igminmtr`iagmns nenv`h`s nm ne pneg. j:) Xr`mscnrnmia` hn hrgb` ` p`rtar hn e` snirniaùm snjàin` Puanmns `pgy`m ást` kapùtnsas `rbuonmt`m qun e`s iáeue`s hn e` beàmhue` snjàin` `tr`p`m ogeáiue`s eapgcïeai`s, hnshn e` s`mbrn y eunbg sgm vgei`h`s ` e` snirniaùm p`r` snr amigrpgr`h`ss ` tr`vás hn e` iutïiue` hne t`eeg paegsg. Nst` ahn` nmiunmtr` amigrpgr`h` nmiunmtr` v`rags gjstàiu gjstàiuegs4 egs4
nm praonr praonr eub`r, e`s iáeue`s snjàin`s sgm ont`jùeai`o ont`jùeai`onmtn nmtn `itav`s, pgr eeg g qu qun n e` hrgb` tnmhrï` qun nst`r p`ria`eonm p`ria`eonmtn tn ont`jgeaz`h`. @hnoàs ne pneg ns pràitai`onmtn aopnron`j aopnron`jen en ` e` amigrpgr`iaùm hn nenonmtgs hnshn ne nxtnragr, pgr su iutïiue` pgr e` o`ri`h` hasoamuiaùm hne hne `bu` amtr`paegs` y pgr su pK amtnrmg (3 g onmgs). Vgr gtrg e`hg, e`hg, pgrqun e` snirniaù snirniaùm m snjàin`
ns um n nigsastno` igsastno` n nm m ne iu`e nxastnm
oairggrb`masogs oairggrb`maso gs qun ont`jgeaz`m `itav`onm `itav`onmtn tn eïpahgs y gtr`s sust`mia`s. j9)Xr`mscnrnmia` j9) Xr`mscnrnmia` hn hrgb`s hnshn e` snirniaùm Yuhgrïp`r`
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O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@quï, v`enm egs oasogs hnt`eens p`r` tr`mscnrnmia` ` p`rtar hn snirniaùm snjàin`, igm ne `br`v`mtn qun e` snirniaùm suhgrïp`r` ns `iugs` y rai` nm nenitrgeatgs. j8) Xr`mscnrnmia` pgr igmt`oam`iaùm nxtnrm` Puanmns sgstanmnm ást` kapùtnsas `rbuonmt`m qun e` hrgb` ns neaoam`h` ` tr`vás hn e` supnrcaian iutàmn` iutàmn` y eunbg p pnmntr` nmntr` `e t` t`eeg eeg paegsg. Nstg nmiunmtr` egs oasogs gjstàiuegs yy` ` iat`hgs. Hn neegs, t`e vnz ne oàs aopgrt`mtn ns e` aopnron`jaea aopnron`jaeah`h h`h hne pneg. Vgr gtrg e`hg, hnjnogs igmsahnr`r e` `hsgriaùm hn hrgb` ` pneg nm `ojanmtns hgmhn sn igmsuon (pramiap`eonmtn cuo`h`). Nxprns`sn qun nm nst`s iariumst`mia`s e` `hknrnmia` `e pneg ns hájae, pgr eg qun igog vnrnogs oàs `hne`mtn, egs sastno`s hn ¨e`v`hg¨ rnogvnràm càiaeonmtn e` sust`mia` hne snitgr nxtnrmg. j->) Amigrpgr`iaùm Yastáoai`
Ns ouy aopgrt`mtn tnmnre` nm iunmt` qun nm i`sgs hgmhn kujg igmt`itgs igm e` hrgb` , `ôm `iiahnmt`eonmtn, punhn ambrns`r `e grb`masog (pgr ndnopeg, onha`mtn e`s vï`s rnspar`tgra`s) `jsgrjnrsn y nmtr`r ` e` iariue`iaùm bnmnr`e, cnmùonmg nstn qun prncnraogs hnmgoam`r 4 igmt`oam`iaùm sastáoai`.
0>.; Vnro`mnmia` hn hrgb`s nm ne pneg Igog sn onmiagmù prninhnmtnonmtn, munstr`s prgpa`s gjsnrv`iagmns amhai`m qun nst` o`traz, gtgrb` prgtniiaùm nxtrno` nxtrno` ` e`s hrgb`s amigrpgr`h amigrpgr`h`s `s ` e` oaso`.
@sï, mgs amieam`ogs ` pnms`r nm um oni`masog hn hacusaùm, hnshn e` s`mbrn k`ia` e` zgm` hn sïmtnsas hn pneg y nm e` nxastnmia` hn oni`masogs hn `tr`p`oanmtg hn ogeáiue`s qun pnroat`m ` nst`s nsi`p`r hn e` ont`jgeaz`i ont`jgeaz`iaùm. aùm. Nxastnm v`ra`s gpiagmns hn prgtniiaùm4 `) Zntnmiaùm nm e` Punr`tam` 4
K`janmhg haspgmajen v`rags tapgs hn qunr`tam` (cajrae`rns, nmrgee`h`s, kneaigah`ens, nti.) punhn nxastar prgtniiaùm hn e`s ogeáiue`s `e qunh`r `tr`p`h`s hnmtrg hn e` nstruitur`, e` qun
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O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
pghrï` rnik`z`r nenitrgstàtai`onmtn ` e`s nmzao`s hnbr`h`hgr`s g oghacai`r ne rnigmgiaoanmtg rnigmgiaoanm tg hn egs satags `egstáraigs hn e`s nmzao`s nmzao`s pgr p`rtn hn e` hrgb`. j) Pune`iaùm hn e` hrgb`
Nxastnm sust`mia`s qun pgsnnm `itavah`h qune`mtn, t`ens igog `oamgàiahgs, ce`vgmgahns, i`rgtnmgahns, traigirgogs, nti.qun punhnm ndnrinr um oni`masog hn `tr`p`hg, prgtniiaùm y tr`mspgrtn hn hrgb` hrgb` k`ia` pgriag pgriagmns mns supnragrns hn pneg. 0>.1 Amigrpgr`iaùm ` oáhue` nm nstruitur`s eapïhai`s sam `itavah`h Ont`jùeai` E` hrgb` nm e` zgm` qunr`tùbnm` pghrï` nmigmtr`rsn eajrn g umah` ` e`s sust`mia`s onmiagm`h`s prninhnmtnonm prninhnmtnonmtn. tn. E` hrgb` eajrn punh punhn n umarsn, nm i`sg hn snr eeapgcïeai`, apgcïeai`, ` onojr`m`s ineue`rns eapïhai`s qun nm ne prginsg hn `pgptùsas sgm hnbr`h`h`s cgro`mhg iunrpgs `pgptùsaigs qun tanmhnm ` snr neaoam`hgs ` e` oáhue` hne pneg, satag nstn ont`jùeai`onmtn ont`jùeai`on mtn am`itavg, hgmhn tnmhnrï`m ` `iuoue`rsn. 0>.06 Zntnmiaùm hn e` hrgb` nm gtrgs igopgmnmtns Yn k` `caro`hg qun e` One`mam`, igm su nstruitur` iu`tnrm`ra` punhn `tr`p`r hrgb` nm cgro` saoae`r ` eg qun k`in e` qunr`tam`. Nstg ns ianrtg, y` qun e` one`mam` ns um pgeïonrg hn `oamgàiahgs oghacai`hgs ` p`rtar hn e` cnmae`e`mam`< igm `brnb`hgs hn gtrgs `oamgàiahgs `zucr`hgs.Nm nstn snmtahg E. Vóstik, igmsabm` qun e` one`mam` dunb` um rge ouy aopgrt`mtn, iu`mhg prgpgmn qun e`s ogeáiue`s hn hrgb`s sn `iuoue`m nm e` supnrcaian hn e` oaso`, y` qun ns igmgiahg qun egs pgeïonrgs hn e` one`mam` `itô`m igog `hsgrjnmtns. Mg gjst`mtn, rnigrhnogs qun e` one`mam` sn nmiunmtr` hnmtrg hn egs one`mgsgo`s.Vgr gtrg e`hg egs one`mgsgo`s sn amigrpgr`m `e qunr`tamgiatg nm e` zgm` qunr`tùbnm` mg nxastanmhg nm e`
pgriaùm hn sïmtnsas hne pneg.Nstg amhuin ` pnms`r qun e` hrgb` qun ambrns` `e satag hn sïmtnsas mg ns `tr`p`h` y tr`mspgrt`h` pgr e` one`mam`, sucranmhg nm igmsniunmia` ont`jgeaz`iagmns ont`jgeaz` iagmns `mtns hn eenb`r ` e` zgm` qunrt`gbámai qunrt`gbámai` ` nm e` qun e` one`mam` iuopearï` su cumiaùm `hsgrjnmtn.
0>.00 Nstuhags sgjrn hgsas - igminmtr`iaùm nm pneg
88>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
J`uob`rtmnr y ige`jgr`hgr ige`jgr`hgrns ns k`m rnpgrt`h rnpgrt`hg g igrrne`iaùm pgsatav` nmtrn ssudntgs udntgs `haitgs y e`s igminmtr`iagmnss hn knrgïm`, igi`ïm` y o`raku`m` nm su pneg. igminmtr`iagmn M`l`k`r` nmigmtrù um um` ` junm` igrrne`iaùm nmtrn igminmtr`iaùm hn hrgb` nm ne pneg hn > pnrsgm`s.
e` hgsas hn ontgxa` ontgxa`mcnt`oam` mcnt`oam` y e`
Munstr` nxpnranmia` nm ne nstuhag hn pneg pnrair`mn`e pnrair`mn`e,, vneeg `xae`r y pôjaig igoprnmhahg nm um` `opea` pgje`iaùm hn pnrsgm`s `hait`s, mgs subanrn qun nm bnmnr`e e` igminmtr`iaùm hn igi`ïm` nm pneg ns o`ygr iu`mhg sn amirnonmt` e` hgsas .Yam noj`rbg e` v`ra`jaeah`h nmtrn sudntgs ns t`m br`mhn qun ns hacaiuetgsg nstao`r e` i`mtah`h hn hrgb` `hoamastr`h` j`s`h` nm e` igminmtr`iaùm hn hrgb` k`ee`h` nm ne pneg. J`ealgv` O.@. K`jrhgv` K`jrhgv` S.nst`j S.nst`jeninm eninm qun ee` ` hntnroam`iaù hntnroam`iaùm m iu`mtat`tav` hn gpa`ings nm pneg nst` cunrtnonotn eab`h` eab`h` nmtrn gtrgs c`itgrns ` e` hastrajui hastrajuiaùm aùm hn gpa`ings hnmtrg hnmtrg hn e` o`traz. V`tnrsgm Y.nt.`e, mg k`ee`m rne`iagm amtnramhavahu`e nmtrn hgsas /igminmtr`iagm p`r` ont`hgm`. Ytr`mlrgmh Z.y ige. K`m gjsnrv`hg ne amirnonmtg y eunbg hnsinmsg nm e` igminmtr`iaùm hn matr`znp`o, iegm`znp`o y ha`znp`o pgstnragr ` e` eajnr`iaùm umacgron hn e` hgsas prnsirapt`.
0>.0: Zne`iaùm Hrgb` Ont`jgeatg Puazàs ne hns`cïg oàs br`mhn p`r` ne oghneg hn tr`mscnrnmia` tr`mscnrnmia` p`savg p`savg sn` ne k`ee`zbg hn `et`s rne`iagmns rne`iagmns hrgb` / ont`jgeatgs. E` igi`ïm` cun ahnmtacai`h` igo igog g `m`eatg prao`rag n nm m ne i`jneeg hn tghg tghgss egs igi`amùo` igi`amùo`mgs mgs ,nmigmtràmhgsn nm igminmtr`iagmns 3 vnins o`ygrns qun su ont`jgeatg prao`rag jnmzgaenibgmam` jnmzgaenibg mam` y `prgxao`h`onmtn 06 vnins oàs qun nibgmam` ontae ástnr. Nm i`sgs pgst-ogrtno knogs pghahg `ase`r sust`mia`s hn igrtn igog `mnstásaigs
`rae`oïmaigs, iuy` iuy` igminmtr` igminmtr`iaùm iaùm igm rrnspnitg nspnitg ` ssus us ont`jgeatg ont`jgeatgss t`ojaám k` sahg o`ygr. Nm ne i`sg hn e`s jnmzgha`inpam`s e` rne`iagm nst` ` c`vgr hn sus 2, `oamg ont`jgeatgs. Matr`znp`o/2,`oamg Matr`znp`o/2,`o amg matr`znp`m,Ceu matr`znp`m,Ceumatr`znp`o/2,`o matr`znp`o/2,`oamg-ceumatr`zn amg-ceumatr`znp`o,iegm`znp p`o,iegm`znp`o/ `o/ 2,`oamgiegm`znp`o.Ne @epr`zge`o @epr`zge`o mg cun hntnit`hg nm mambum` ounstr`.
@ e` kgr` hn gjtnmnr rnsuet`hgs `m`eïtaigs ns aopgrt`mtn tnmnr nm iunmt` e` pgsajaeah`h hn hntnit`r e` hrgb` hrgb` o`hrn y `hno`s prgh prghuitgs uitgs hn jagtr` jagtr`mscgro`iaùm. mscgro`iaùm. V` V`r` r` egs qun hn hnjn jn
883
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
nopen`rsn v`egrns h hn n igrtn (iut-gcc) qun `p `pgrt`m grt`m um sustnmtg caron `e rnsuet`hg `m`eïtaig gjtnmahg.
^m br`m môonrg hn nxpnrtgs hn rnigmgiah` tr`ynitgra` amtnrm`iagm`e, amhai`m v`egrns hn igrtn prgonhags hn 6,> mb pgr ob hn pneg, oanmtr`s gtrgs brupgs hn amvnstab`hgrns nm Cr`mia` amcgro`m v`egrns hn 0 mb pgr ob hn pneg. Ne e`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` Yuprno` Igrtn hn Dustaia` hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns tgo` igog v`egr hn igrtn 6,> mb pgr ob hn pneg `hkaranmhg ` eg rnianmtnonmtn nst`mh`raz`hg pgr e` igoumah`h ianmtïcai` amtnrm`iagm`e. Vgr gtrg e`hg, igmtnope`mhg e` pgsajaeah`h hn igmt`oam`iaùm p`sav`, sn rnigoanmh` igmsahnr`r iu`trg iratnrags4 `) Ahnmtacai`iaùm hn ont`jgeatgs. j) ^sg hn e` rne`iaùm ont`jgeatg /hrgb` o`hrn. i) Nms`ygs iu`mtat`tavgs hn e` hrgb` nm egs eïquahgs hn e`v`hg. h) S`egrns uojr`ens. Vgr gtrg e`hg, rnsuet` `et`onmtn rnigonmh`jen ne nopeng hn hgs táimai`s `m`eïtai`s amhnpnmhanmtns, amhaiàmhgsn ZA@ (Z`hagamoumgnms`yg) y BI-OY (Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs` Nspnitrgontrï` hn O`s`s) igog `sï t`ojaám ne usg hn hrgb`s `màegb`s hnutnr`h`s nopen`h`s igog nstàmh`rns amtnrmgs. E` ontghgegbï` hn ZA@ hnjn igmsahnr`rsn um junm oátghg `m`eïtaig p`r` hnsi`rt`r g mg e` nxastnmia` hn um` hrgb` hn `jusg. Ya ást` rnsuet` pgsatav` sn prgsabun igm e` prùxao` nt`p`4 BI/OY hgmhn sn igmcaro` y iu`mtacai`. Egs lat p`r` ZA@ pgsnnm um` nenv`h` snmsajaeah`h `umqun prnsnmt`m igog
hnsvnmt`d` ne prgjeno` hn e`s pgsajens rn`iiagmns iruz`h`s g amtnrcnrnmia`s. @sï pgr ndnopeg nm ne i`sg hn hntnroam`iaùm hn jnmzgaenibgmam`, jnmzgaenibgmam`, punhn prnsnmt`rsn e` amtnrcnrnmia` hn eahgi`ïm` (sust`mia` qun k`jatu`eonmtn ns utaeaz`h` igog sust`mia` hn igrtn) . Ne i`sg hn e`s Jnmzgha`inpam`s, Jnmzgha`inpam`s, ne nms`yg ZA@, sùeg pnroa pnroatn tn hntnit`r ne brupg y mg ne igopunstg nspniïcaig. Vgr gtrg e`hg, e` nxtr`iiaùm nopen`mhg nmzao`s Beuiurgmah`s` /`raesuec`t`s` p`r` ne pgstnragr `màeasas onha`mtn BI/OY pnroatn gjtnmnr ouy junm rnmhaoanmtg.
882
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
0>.09 Gjtnmiaùm hn e` ounstr`
`) Hnjn snr gjtnmah` nm cgro` enb`e. j) Yn hnjn e`jr`r um `it` hgmhn sn nxprnsn ne igmsnmtaoanmtg igmsnmtaoanmtg hn e` tgo` hn ounstr` (ns um oátghg amv`savg). i) E` i`hnm` hn iustgha` ns um hgiuonmtg qun hnjn `igop`ð`r ` e`s ounstr`s nm tghg ogonmtg, hnd`mhg igmst`mia` nm ne oasog hn tgh`s e`s pnrsgm`s amvgeuir`h`s nm e` tgo` hn ounstr` y/g tr`se`hg k`st` ne e`jgr`tgrag. E` ahnmtah`h hn e` ounstr` qunh` `sï inrtacai`h`. h) E` rnigenii rnigeniiaùm aùm hne o` o`tnra`e tnra`e punhn rn`eaz`rsn hn hgs o` o`mnr`s4 mnr`s4 ^m` hn nee`s igmsastn nm igrt`r ne pneg hne snitgr giiapat`e supnragr ( pgr prnsnmt`r nstn um irniaoanmtg oàs kgogbámng) `e r`s hne iunrg i`jneeuhg (Cab.:) nm eg pgsajen nmtrn 0 ` : brs. Nm e` pràitai` um puð`hg g onikùm ns sucaianmtn. Vgr gtrg e`hg, ns pgsajen gjtnmnr ounstr`s hn hacnrnmtns satags hne iunrg i`jneeuhg, y sa ne knikg eg rnquanrn, hn gtr`s p`rtns hne iunrpg igog snr vneeg pôjaig, `xae`r g hn e` j`rj` (igmsahnr`mhg qun ne ratog hn irniaoanmtg hn ástn ôetaog ns saoae`r `e hne i`jneeg). E` satu`iaùm ahn`e sùeg ns `ei`mz`jen nm ounstr`s i`h`várai`s, hgmhn sn punhn gjtnmnr pneg pgr `rr`mi`oanmtg p`r` utaeaz`r ne juejg. n) Ne o` o`tnra`e tnra`e g gjtnmahg jtnmahg sn igegi` sgjrn um` kgd` hn p p`pne `pne igm n nee gjdntg hn eegbr`r gbr`r um` ondgr amhavahu`eaz`iaùm amhavahu`eaz`iaùm hn e` zgm` prùxao` `e juejg rnspnitg hn e` pumt`, p`r` ne pgstnragr nstuhag hn egs snbonmtgs gjtnmahgs pgr igrtn. Nm ne i`sg, nm qun ne `màeasas mg sn` amonha`tg g hnj` snr rnoatahg `e e`jgr`tgrag, sn hnjn igegi`r gtrg i`rtùm nmiao` y `t`r. Ne nmvgetgrag hnjn pnro`mninr caron y `ase`hg hn gtr`s o`trains jageùbai`s y/g ncnitgs. Cam`eonmtn sn bu`rh` nm um sgjrn rgtue`hg.
o`trains jageùbai`s y/g ncnitgs. Cam`eonmtn sn bu`rh` nm um sgjrn rgtue`hg. Yn hnmgoam` ncnitg ` havnrsgs gjdntgs env`mt`hgs nm ne eub`r hne knikg, p`staee`s, càro`igs, cajr`s, rgp`s, nti.
88;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Cab.: Xgo` hn ounstr` zgm` giiap giiapat`e at`e p`r` hntnroam hntnroam`r `r irgmgegbï` hn `hoa `hoamastr`iaùm mastr`iaùm hn sust`mia`s. Nm iu`mtg `e vneeg `xae`r `xae`r y puja`mg nstgs hnjnm igegi`rsn igegi`rsn nm i`d`s hn Vntra nm cgro` snp`r`h` y rgtu rgtue`hgs. e`hgs. 0>.08 Amcgro`iaùm jàsai` qun hnjn igmsabm`rsn. Nm p`ianmtns `ojue`tgrags rnsuet` hn amtnrás igmt`r igm e` oàxao` i`mtah`h hn h`tgs, eg iu`e rnsuet` hn br`m v`egr iu`mhg ns ne amhavahug quanm m`rr` egs knikgs. Mg gjst`mtn neeg ne prgtgigeg hnjn snr pumtu`e hn oghg hn `snbur`r um` hnsirapiaùm grhnm`h` qun hnjnrà amieuar amcgro`iaùm igopenonmt`ra` igog ne snxg, e` nh`h, ne ôetaog igmsuog hn hrgb`s y/ g onhai`onmtgs, e` prgcnsaùm, e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s hne i`jneeg (`spnitg, igegr hn pneg,
tr`t`oanmtgs, egmbatuh). Nm nstuhags Vgst-ogrtno snrà mnins`rag igmt`r igm um Amcgron hn `utgpsa` oamuiags` amhai`mhg egs egs oïmaogs hnt`eens hn e` gjsnrv`iaùm gjsnrv`iaùm o`irgsiùpa o`irgsiùpai`. i`. Ya ne oáhaig `u `utgpsa`mtn tgpsa`mtn nstao`, `umqun irn` igm oïmao` pgsajaeah`h e` nxastnmia` hn `ebum` sust`mia` tùxai`, hnjnrï` onmiagm`reg igmsabm`mhg su gpamaùm. X`ojaám rnsuet` hn utaeah`h e` Kastgra` Ieïmai` u gtr`s hrgb`s qun sn panmsn g sn s`jn qun igmsuoï` ne amhavahug `mtns hn ounrtn.
881
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
0>.0> C@IXGZNY P^N AMCE^QNM YGJZN E@ VNZO@MNMIA@ HN HZGB@Y - Xr`t`oanmtgs I`pae`rns
Igmt`oam`iaùm ùm Yastáoai` - Igmt`oam`ia Igmt`oam`iaùm aùm nxtnrm` - Igmt`oam`i
0>.03 NYP^NO@ BNMNZ@E HN JÔYP^NH@ HN HZGB@Y NM VNEG.
Nm egs sabuanmtns pumtgs sn hnt`ee`m egs p`sgs hn nxtr`iiaùm sniunmia`e y puracai`iaùm nm igeuom`s igeuom`s igm rneenmgs nspnia`ens ôtaens p`r` `ase`r hrgb`s hn ii`ràitnr `ràitnr àiahg, jàsaig y mnutrg hn o`ygr rnenv`mia` tgxaigeùbai` (igi`ïm` y rne`iagm`hgs, o`raku`m`, sust`mia`s hn igrtn (`mnstásaigs `rae`oïmaigs) y psaigtrùpaigs). Vgstnragronmtn sn hnsirajnm e`s táimai`s p`r` ne i`sg p`rtaiue`r granmt`hg ` e` jôsqunh` hn tntr`kahrgi`m`jam tntr`kahrgi`m`jamgens gens (XKI). Mg gjst`mtn, ns amtnrns`mtn tnmnr nm iunmt` gtr`s pgsajaeah`hns hn nxtr`iiaùm y egs rnmhaoanmtgs qun gcrnin um` u gtr` ontghgegbï` iuy` neniiaùm sn j`s` cumh`onmt`eonmtn nm ne tapg hn hrgb`s qun sn hnsn` `ase`r y neegs sgm4
Hrgb`s @m`eaz`h`s @m`eaz`h`s
Vrginhaoanmtg Vrginhaoanmtg Nxtr`iiaùm Xr`t`oanmtg
Oáts.hn hntni.
mb/ob pneg
Igmh.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Igi`ïm`
@iahg
Kie 6.0 O
ZA@
;.6
00.>
Igi`ïm`
J`sn
M`GK 6.0 O
ZA@
:.6
JNB
Ygevnmtn
Nt`mge
ZA@
6.9
0;.6
Igi`ïm`
@iahg
KIE 6.0 O
BI-OY
6.3
3.8
Igi`ïm`
@iahg
KIE 6.0O
ZA@
6.3
3.8
8>6
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Igi`ïm`
@iahg
KIE 6.0O
BI-OY
JNB
J`sn/@iahg
M`GK/KIE
Igi`ïm`
Nmzaoàtaig
Vrgm`s` 0ob/oe ZA@
6.9
1.;
Igi`ïm`
Nmzaoàtaig
Vrgt.L 06ob/oe BI-OY
6.>
>.2
Igi`ïm`
Nmzaoàtaig
Beaiur/@raesue
0.2
8>.:
JNB
Nmzaoàtaig
Beaiur/@raesue Beaiur/@raesue
BI/OY
6.3
08.9
Igi`ïm`
Ygevnmtn
Ont`mge
BI/OY
6.0
06.6
ZA@
BI/OY
6.:
:3.6
6.:
6.>
E@ HNXNZOAM@IAÙM @M@EAXAI@ I^@MXAX@XAS@ HN Y^YX@MIA@Y NYX@ C^NZXNONMXN EAB@H@ @E ONXGHG @VEAI@HG NM E@ HABNYXAÙM.
IGI@AM@
16 ;6 26 36 >6
86 96 :6 06 6
ont`mge
`iah`
mnutr`
nmzao.
j`sai`
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hrgb` @m`eaz`h`
Vrginhaoanm Vrginhaoanmtg tg hn nxtr`iiaùm Xr`t`o.
Oátghgs hn hnt.
mb/ob hn pneg
Igmhai. 8>0
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Jnmzgha`inpam`s4 Jnmzgha`inp am`s4
Nmzaoàtaig
Vrgtnïm L
EI/OY/OY
6.6>-0,80 (ha`inp`o)
Z`mbg hn i`eajr`iaùm p`r` hgsas `et`s4 :.>-066 mb/ounstr` Z`mbg hn I`eajr`iaùm p`r` hgsas j`d`s4 6.>-:6 mb/ounstr` ogrcam`
Mnutr`
ogrcam`
@iah`
ogrcam`
Ygnrnmsnm Juccnr Vk42.8
BI/OY
6.1- 9.>
KIE 6.0 O
BI/OY
0.:-06.>
J`sai`
M`GK 0 O
BI/OY
6.1- ;.:
Ighnïm`
Mnutr`
Ygnrnmsnm Juccnr Vk42.8 BI/OY
6.0- 6.3
Ighnïm`
@iah`
KIE 6.0 O
BI/OY
6.0- 6.>
Ighnïm`
J`sai`
M@GK O
BI/OY
6.0- 6.8
`intaeighnïm`
Mnutr`
Ygnrnmsnm Juccnr Vk42.8 BI/OY
6.:- 9.2
`intaeighnïm`
@iah`
KIE 6.0 O
BI/OY
mh.
@intaeighnïm`
Jàsaig
M`GK 0 O
BI/OY
mh.
3-ogmg`intaeogrcam` 3-ogmg`intaeo grcam` Mnutr`
Ygnrnmsnm Juccnr Vk42.8 BI/OY
0.0- :0.9
3-ogmg`intaeogrcam` 3-ogmg`intaeo grcam` @iahg
KIE 6.0 O
BI/OY
mh.
3-ogmg`intaeogrcam` 3-ogmg`intaeo grcam` Jàsaig
M`GK 0 O
BI/OY
mh.
@) Hnigmt`oam`iaùm g Yastno` hn e`v`hgs4 tanmn pgr gjdntg rnogvnr hrgb` nxtnrm` `hknrah` `e pneg. (Cab.9)
8>:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Cab.9 C`sn hn e`v`hg iruia`e p`r` hnigmt`oam`r nxtnragronmtn e` ounstr`. Ne eïquahg hn e`v`hg hnjn snr pgstnragronmtn pgstnragronmtn `m`eaz`hg. Nm e` pràitai` sn hntnit`m hntnit`m snrags hntnrag hntnragrgs rgs nm e` iutïiue` y` sn` pgr tr`t`oanm tr`t`oanmtgs tgs i`pae`rns g o`e` igmsnrv`iaùm, pgr t`e ogtavg sn rnigoanmh`
rn`eaz`r um nxàonm oairgsiùpaig
prnva` igegr`iaùm igm `zue hn ontaenmg.
@ igmtamu`iaùm sn subanrnm `ebumgs sgevnmtns p`r` e`v`hgs. Yu neniiaùm sn j`s` cumh`onmt`eonmtn nm e`s igmhaiagmns hn e` ounstr` - Ont`mge g Nt`mge (O`rtz) ** -Ygeuiagmns `iugs`s-Juccnr (J`uob`rtmnr) ***** -Yurc`it`mtns (M`l`k`r`)*** (i`jneegs hn nxkuo`iagmn nxkuo`iagmns) s) -Haiegrgont`mg -Haiegrgont`m g ’@bu` (L (Lamtz amtz & O`mbam) ** **** ** -Haiegrgont`og n amiuj`iaùm ` 86 ¶i.(Dur`hg) -Haiegrgont`mg-@intgm`-Ont` -Haiegrgont`m g-@intgm`-Ont`mge-Ont`mge mge-Ont`mge (J`eïlgvà- K`jrhgvà) -Asgprgp`mge-@intgm`-Ont`mg -Asgprgp`mge-@ intgm`-Ont`mge-Ont`mge e-Ont`mge (J`eïlgvà-K`j (J`eïlgvà-K`jrhgvà) rhgvà) -Haiegrgont`mg-Asgprgp`mg -Haiegrgont`m g-Asgprgp`mge-Ont`mge-Ont` e-Ont`mge-Ont`mge mge (J`eïlgvà-K`j (J`eïlgvà-K`jrhgvà) rhgvà) -m-Knx`mg-@intgm`-Ont`mge -m-Knx`mg-@in tgm`-Ont`mge-Ont`mge -Ont`mge (J`eïlgvà-K`j (J`eïlgvà-K`jrhgvà) rhgvà) -Asgprgp`mge-Juccnr -Asgprgp`mge-J uccnr ccgsc`tggsc`tg- Asgprgp`mge (Lrgmstr`mh Z.nt.`e) (Jnmzgha`inpam`s) -m-Knx`mg ’Ont`mge-@bu`( Cnrr`ra -@r`hg) -@bu`-Haiegrgont`mg-@bu` -@bu`-Haiegrg ont`mg-@bu` (Cnrr`ra ’@r`hg)
-m-Knx`mg-Ont`mge-Ont`mge -m-Knx`mg-On t`mge-Ont`mge (Cnrr`ra-@r`hg) I`jneegs hn nxkuo`iagm nxkuo`iagmns. ns. -@bu`-@bu`-@bu` -@bu`-@bu`-@b u` (Cnrr`ra-@r`hg) I`jneegs s`mgs y eaopags.
J) Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` Ounstr` y nxtr`iiaùm hn e` hrgb`4 Igmsastn nm e` nxtr`iiaùm nxtr`iiaùm hn e` hrgb` amigrpgr`h` amigrpgr`h` nm e` o`traz. M Mgs gs rnoataogs `e amaiag hne `p`rt` `p`rt`hg hg 0>.8. I) Vuracai`iaùm4 tanmn pgr cam`eah`h rnogvnr e` o`traz y gtr`s sust`mia`s igmt`oam`mtns. igmt`oam`mtns. H) Ahnmtacai`iaùm `m`eïtai`4 hn hrgb` o`hrn y ont`jgeatgs 8>9
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
-Igi`ïm`4 Jnmzgaenibgmam`-igi`ntaenmg -Knrgïm`4 3-ogmg`intaeogrcam`-`intaegpaàings-ogrcam`-ighnïm` -I`mm`jas4 XKI-IGGK -@mcnt`oam`s4 mg hntnroam`hgs -Jnmzgha`inpam`s4 Ha`inp`o-mgrha`inp`o-gx`inp`o-`epr`zge`oGK-`epr`zge`o-Matr`inp`o,2-`oamg-matr`inp`o,ceumatr`inp`o,2@oamgceumatr`inp`o,iegm`inp`o,2-`oamgiegm`inp`o.
Zne`iaùm Hrgb` O`hrn Ont`jgeatg Igi`ïm`4Jnmzgaenibgmam` Igi`ïm`4Jnmzga enibgmam`/Igi`ïm` /Igi`ïm` =6.6> Gpaàings43-ogmg`intaeogrcam` Gpaàings43-og mg`intaeogrcam`/ogrcam` /ogrcam` =0.9
Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn rnsuet`hgs4 S`egrns hn Iut-gcc ( Lamtz, Cr`mia`)
Igopunstg
Iut-Gcc mb/ob
3-Ogmg`intaeogrcam`
6.>
Igi`ïm`
6.>
XKI-IGGK
6.660
@mcnt`oam`
6.>
VZGXGIGEG Mª 0 0. Hnsigmt`oam`iaùm4 8>8
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Xgo`r ne o`tnra`e ` `m`eaz`r
y igonmz`r e` hnigmt`oam`i hnigmt`oam`iaùm aùm sabuanmhg ne
prginhaoanmtg hnsiraptg ` igmtamu`iaùm igmtamu`iaùm44 0.0. E`v`r igm haiegrgont`mg hur`mtn 0> oamutgs ` 92´I 0.:. E`v`r igm `bu` hnstae`h` hur`mtn 0> oamutgs ` 92´I 92´I 0.9 Cam`eonmtn e`v`r igm haiegrgont`mg hur`mtn 0> oamutgs ` 92´I 0.9 0.8. Bu`rh`r egs e`v`hgs p`r` pgstnragr `màeasas pgr IB-OY 0.>. Yni`r ne pneg igegiàmhgeg nmtrn p`pnens hn caetrg y prnsagm`mhg. 0.3. Vns`r Vns`r nx`it`onmtn tghg n nee o`tn o`tnra`e ra`e ` `m `m`eaz`r `eaz`r 0.2. Igrt`r nm snbonmtgs hn 0,: ` 0,> io i`h` umg. 0.2. :. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. Nxtr`iiaùm hn i`h` umg hn egs snbonmtgs nm cgro` snp`r`h`. :.0. Zn`eaz`r um` kahrùeasas àiah` utaeaz`mhg KIe 6.0 M. Amiuj`r hur`mtn :: ks. @ 92 ´I. :.:. Eenv`r `
pK >.> y `brnb`r ne nst`mh`r amtnrmg hnutnr`hg g janm M`egrcam`
/Vsnuhgncnhram`. (Cab.>,3)
Cab.8 y >4 Nst`mh`rns hnutnr`hgs haspgmajen nm e` `itu`eah`h
9. Vuracai`iaùm4
8>>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Egs nxtr`itgs gjtnmahgs `mtnragronmtn hnjnm snr sgontahgs ` um` nt`p` hn puracai`iaùm. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm nm cgro` hnt`ee`h` egs p`sgs rnqunrahgs p`r` e` puracai`iaùm igoômonmtn nopen`hgs nm ne e`jgr`tgrag hn tgxaigegbï`4 ne sastno` hn Yastno` hn nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah` (YVN) Ien`m Yirnnm H`u hn Rgreh Rahn Ogmatgramb. 9.0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` igeuom` Neuar um` vnz igm 9 oe hn ont`mge Neuar um` vnz igm 9 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` Neuar um` vnz igm 0 oe hn àiahg `iátaig 0M. Nm mambumg hn nstgs p`sgs sn hnjn hnd`r sni`r e` igeuom`. Ne v`ia`hg hnjn rn`eaz`rsn `peai`mhg um` jgoj` hn v`iïg. 9.:. @peai`iaùm hn e` ounstr` Igegi`r e` tgt`eah`h hn e` ounstr` hnmtrg hne rnsnrvgrag y `peai`r ` e` igeuom` ` um ceudg hn 0: oe / oamutg. 9. 9 E`v`hg hn e` igeuom`4 Neuar um` vnz igm 9 oe hn juccnr cgsc` cgsc`tg tg 6.0 O pK 3 Neuar um` vnz igm 0 oe hn àiahg `iátaig 0 M. Eunbg hrnm`r e` igeuom` hur`mtn > oamutgs igm oàxaog v`iïg (0>-:6‟ Kb.) Neuar um` vnz igm 9 oe hn m-knx`mg. 9. 8. Neuiaùm hn hrgb`s àiah`s y mnutr`s (Cr`iiaùm @)4 Neuar nm um munvg rniapanmtn hgs vnins igm : oe hn Haiegrgont`mg y bu`rh`r. Nv`pgr`r j`dg igrranmtn igrranmtn hn matrùbnmg, k`st` snqun snqunh`h< h`h< `haiagm`r 0 oe hn ont`m ont`mge ge ;6 % nm
`bu`, `bat`r y inmtracub`r, hnsi`rt`r e` c`sn supnragr (knx`mg) y nv`pgr`r ne ont`mge tgt`eonmtn, rntgo`r ne rnsahug igm >6-066 oairgeatrgs hn `int`tg hn ntaeg. 9.>. E`v`hg hn e` igeuom`4 Neuar hgs vnins igm : x 0 oe hn ont`mge.
9.3. Neuiaùm hn hrgb`s jàsai`s (Cr`iiaùm J)4 Neuar nm um munvg va`e hgs vnins igm 0 oe hn ont`mge jàsaig (: p`rtns hn kahrùxahg hn `ogmag igminmtr`hg nm 1; p`rtns hn ont`mge), bu`rh`r
8>3
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@e neu`tg, `brnb`r 9 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` y :66-966 ¾e hn iegrgcgrog, `bat`r y inmtracub`r hur`mtn 96 snbumhgs. Zntar`r ne sgjrnm`h`mtn igm papnt` y hnd`r sni`r nm i`op`m` hn b`sns. 8-Ahnmtacai`iaùm 8-Ahnmtacai`iaù m `m`eïtai`4 E` ahnmtacai`iaùm `m`eïtai` sn rn`eaz` pgr onhag hn Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs` `igpe`h` ` Nspnitrgontrï` hn O`s`s sanmhg e` táimai` oà oàss utaeaz`h` y rnigonmh`h rnigonmh`h` ` p`r` ne `màeasas hn hrgb`s hn usg amhnjahg nm pneg. I`sg p`rtaiue`r4 Hntnroam`iaùm hn Xntr`kahrgi`m`jamge (XKI) nm pneg. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajn e` táimai` p`r` amvnstab`r e` prnsnmia` hn tntr`kahrgi`m` tntr`kahrgi`m`jamge jamge (XKI) y ne àiahg XKI i`rjgxïeaig. Yn rn`eaz`m egs p`sgs amhai`hgs nm 0 (hnsigmt`oam (hnsigmt`oam`iaùm `iaùm g sastno`s hn e`v`hgs). :. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` ounstr`4 ` p`rtar hn :6 ` >6 ob hn pneg sn rn`eaz` e` kahrùeasas `ei`eam` igm Kahrùxahg hn sghag 6,0 M hur`mtn :6 oamutgs ` 36 ¶I. Eunbg hn nmcra`r, sn `dust` ne pK ` 9.>°6.> igm : oe hn àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e 9. Vuracai`iaùm.
9.0. Vrnp`r`iaùm hn e` igeuom`4 Neuar um` vnz igm 9 oe hn Iegrgcgrog y um` vnz igm 9 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` Neuar um` vnz igm 0 oe hn àiahg iegrkïhraig 066 oO
Znsuet` aopgrt`mtn mg hnd`r sni`r e` igeuom` y ne ceudg hn neuiaùm hnjn snr nmtrn 0 ` : oe/oamutg. 9.:. @peai`iaùm hn e` ounstr` @ p`rtar hn e` ounstr` hn pneg ` e` iu`e sn en rn`eazù e` kahrùeasas `ei`eam`, sn `peai` nm e` igeuom` ne nxtr`itg igrrnspgmhanmtn igm um` crniunmia` hn : oe/oam. 9. 9 E`v`hg hn e` igeuom`4
8>2
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Neuar um` vnz igm :oe hn `bu` hnstae`h` y `spar`r. Neuar um` vnz igm : oe hn àiahg iegrkïhraig 066 oO / `intgmatraeg (36/86) y `spar`r. Hrnm`r e` igeuom` hur`mtn > oamutgs ` 06 oo hn Kb. Neuar um` vnz igm :66 ¾e hn m-knx`mg. @spar`r y eunbg i`oja`r i`oja`r ne tujg. 9.8 Neuiaùm hn XKI y àiahg XKI i`rjgxïeaig4 Neuar hgs vnins igm 9 oe hn m-knx`mg/`int`tg hn ntaeg (>6/>6) igenit`r nm va`e eaopag `e onmgs hn >oe / oamutg. 8. Ahnmtacai`iaùm `m`eïtai`. Egs nxtr`itgs gjtnmahgs sgm nv`pgr`hgs ` snqunh`h ` tnopnr`tur` onmgr hn 86¶I y hnrav`taz`hgs igm `mkïhrahg knpt`ceugrgju knpt`ceugrgjutïraig tïraig 066 ¾e, oàs knx`ceugrgprg knx`ceugrgprgp`mge p`mge 26 ¾e g janm utaeaz`r JYXC@ igm 0% XOIY (Jas (traontaesaeae) traceugrg`int`o traceugrg`int`oah` ah` igm 0 % traontaeiegrgsae` traontaeiegrgsae`mg), mg), p`r` i`m`jamgens. Eunbg hn amiuj`hgs y nv`pgr`hgs j`dg igrranmtn hn matrùbnmg, sn rnigmstatuyn igm `int`tg hn ntaeg y sn amynit` nm ne amstruonmt`e IB-OY. Egs nstàmh`rns amtnrmgs utaeaz`hgs sgm egs rnigonmh`hgs pgr um` `opea` o`ygrï` hn nquapgs hn tghg ne oumhg.
Vrgtgigeg hn tr`j`dg M¶ : Nxtr`iiaùm igm hasgevnmtns hasgevnmtns Grbàmaigs Ya janm ne rnmhaoanmtg pgr ást` ontghgegbï` nxtr`itav` mg ns t`m s`tasc`itgrag igog ne qun sn egbr` us`mhg igeuom`s igm rneenmgs nspnia`ens p`r` nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah` `mtns hnt`ee`hg, punhn punhn snr igmsahnr`hg igo igog g um` junm` `etnrm`tav` `etnrm`tav`.. 0-Hnigmt`oam`iaùm ahno oátghg `mtnragr.
8>;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
:-Nxtr`iiaùm. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn hnsirajnm e`s táimai`s hn nxtr`iiaùm p`r` I`mm`jas `sï igog e` nxtr`iiaùm y hnrav`taz`iaùm hn igi`ïm` y ogrcam`
Xáimai` hn nxtr`iiaùm p`r` XKI (I`mm`jas) :. 0. @brnb`r ` egs nxtr`itgs egs nstàmh`rns nstàmh`rns hnutnr`hgs XKI-h9y XKI-IGGK-h 9. :.:. Zn`eaz`r e` kahrùeasas kahrùeasas `ei`eam` `ei`eam` igm LGK 00,; M y o o`mtnmnr `mtnmnr ` tnopn tnopnr`tur` r`tur` `ojanmtn hur`mtn 06 oamutgs. :.9 Mnutr`eaz`r igm àiahg O`enaig ` pK 2. :. 8. Nxtr`nr hgs vnins igm > oe. hn Kn Knx`mg-@int`tg x`mg-@int`tg h hn n ntaeg (1 (140) 40) nm `opg `opgee` ee` hn hni`mt`iaùm. hni`mt`iaùm. :.>
Nv`pgr`r y
hnrav`taz`r igm
066
knpt`ceugrgjutïraig) o`s >6 ¾e KCVGK knpt`ceugrgjutïraig)
¾e knx`mg +36 ¾e KCJ@ (knx`ceugrgprgp`mge)
(`mkïhrahg
` 066¶I hur`mtn 06
oamutgs. :.3. Yni`r y rntgo` rntgo`rr igm 066 ¾e hn Knx`mg
Xáimai` hn nxtr`iiaùm y hnrav`taz`iaùm hn igi`ïm` y ogrcam`. :.0. Yn tgo` ne pneg prnva`onmtn snbonmt`hg y sn `brnb` ne nstàmh`r amtnrmg hnutnr`hg M`egrcam` / Vsnuhncnhram` (0¾b/oe) :>6¾e hn i`h` umg :.:. Yn `brnb` 0 oe KIe 6.0 M ` >6 ¶I hur`mtn 0;ks.
2 :.9. Yn mnutr`eaz` igm M`GK 6.0 M ` pK 2 :.8. Yn `brnb` Juccnr pK4 1.: u ;.: :. >. Yn nxtr`n hgs vnins igm > oe iegrgcgrog- asgprgp`mge.-m knpt`mg (>6402499) : vnins > oe :.3 Nv`pgr`r y hnrav`taz`r igm 066¾e hn KCJ@ o`s 26¾e KCV-GK ` 36´I hur`mtn 96 oamutgs. :.2 Nv`pgr`r y rnigmstatuar igm `int`tg ntaeg ntaeg 9. Ahnmtacai`iaùm @m`eïtai`4
8>1
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Hn abu`e o`mnr` qun sn rn`eazù nm ne Vrgtgigeg 0, e` Irgo`tgbr`cï` B`sngs`-Ns B`sngs`-Nspnitrgontrï` pnitrgontrï` hn O`s` rnsuet` snr hn neniiaùm p`r` e` rn`eaz`iaùm hn nst`s hntnroam`iagmns.
0>.02 @ebum`s igmsahnr`iagmns amknrnmtns ` e` ontghgegbï` nopen`h`.
Nopeng hn irgo`tgbr`cï` nm pe`i` hn `et` pnrcgro`min (KVXEI) @e nmi`r`r um nstuhag quïoaig `m`eïtaig nm ástn nspáiaonm ns aopgrt`mtn tnmnr nm iunmt` qun egs mavnens iu`mtat`tavgs hntnit`hgs sn k`ee`m nm ne grhnm hne mb. Nstg hacaiuet` nmgrononmtn e` pgsajaeah`h hn utaeaz`r oátghgs oàs snmiaeegs g rutam`rags, t`ens igog XEI, nspnitrgcgtgontrï`, nti. Mg gjst`mtn, nxastn um` o`mnr` hn `uonmt`r ne eïoatn hn hntniiaùm hne sastno` `m`eïtaig. ^m oátghg igmsastn nm `uonmt`r e` i`mtah`h hn o`traz `m`eaz`h` g janm ncnitu`r `ebôm i`ojag cïsaig g quïoaig nm ne sastno` snp`r`tavg. Vgr ndnopeg ne nopeng hn irgo`tgbr`cï` nm pe`i` hn `et` pnrcgro`min (KVXEI) e` iu`e pnroatn amirnonmt`r e` pgsajaeah`h hn hntniiaùm hn hrgb`s. Nm gtr`s p`e`jr`s, pghrï` amtnmt`rsn e` jôsqunh` hn hrgb`s onha`mtn KVXEI y rnvne`hg igm ^S onha`mtn ne nopeng hn um` i`mtah`h igmsahnr`jen hn pneg rnspnitg hn eg rnigonmh`hg pnroatanmhg `uonmt`r ne eïoatn hn hntniiaùm. Nm ne i`sg hn nopen`rsn um` irgo`tgbr`cï` irgo`tgbr`cï` nm pe`i` hn `et` pnrcgro`in pnrcgro`in (KVXEI) e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` nst`iagm`ra` igrrn igrrnspgmhn spgmhn ` Yïeai` bne nopen`h` ns Ont`mge ’ @ogmï`ig (06640.>)
BC :>8. E` c`sn oùvae o`s igoôm igoômonmtn onmtn
^m` vnz hns`rrgee`h` e` pe`i` gjsnrv`r onha`mtn euz ^S gmh` igrt` :>8 mo e` prnsnmia` hn oàiue`s `jsgrjnmtns. Eunbg rnvne`r igm ne rn`itavg Hr`bnmhgrcc. Hnd`r sni`r y
prnsnmia` hn oàiue`s `jsgrjnmtns. Eunbg rnvne`r igm ne rn`itavg Hr`bnmhgrcc. Hnd`r sni`r y rgia`r igm matratg hn sghag `e 06 %. Znsuet` aopgrt`mtn mgt`r qun e` `spnrsaùm igm Matratg sunen amirnonmt`r mgtgra`onmtn e` vasu`eaz`iaùm hn e` oàiue` bnmnr`h` igm rn`itavg hn Hr`bnmhgrcc. 0>.0; Igmtrge hn I`eah`h. Egs nstuhags hn hrgb hrgb`s `s hn `jusg nm pneg, rnquanrn rnquanrnm m um igmtrge `mtns hn prnsnmt`r egs rnsuet`hgs. Egs oátghgs hns`rrgee`hgs sgm egs rnigonmh`hgs igm ne `v`e hn egs igmtrgens prghuiahgs nm @eno`ma`, At`ea`, Nsp`ð`, Cr`mia` y Nst`hgs ^mahgs. I`h` E`jgr`tgrag nm p`rtaiue`r hnjn nst`jeninr sus prgpags igmtrgens hn i`eah`h, tnmanmhg nm 836
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
iunmt` qun e` o`traz jageùbai` `m`eaz`h` ns ouy p`rtaiue`r y` qun nspniïonmns h`ð`hgs pghrï`m amhuiar rnsuet`hgs nrrùmngs. Hn `iunrhg ` eg nxprns`hg ns aopgrt`mtn qun p`r` i`h` ounstr` `m`eaz`h` sn`m t`ojaám nstuha`hgs egs eïquahgs hn e`v`hg.
0>.01 Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn Znsuet`hgs. V`r` qun um` nvahnmia` nvahnmia` ianmtïcai` `h `hquanr` quanr` v`eahn v`eahnzz sn hnjnm hncama hncamarr egs `m`eatgs ` ogmatgrn`r, rne`iaùm hrgb` o`hrn/ont`jgeatgs, mavnens oïmaogs hntnit`jens, tanopg tr`msiurrahg k`st` e` `p`raiaùm hn e` hrgb` nm pneg, rne`iaùm hn e` hgsas rnspunst`, nst`jaeah`h hn e` hrgb` nm pneg, v`egrns hn igrtn (Iut-Gcc), ncnitgs hn tr`t`oanmtgs i`pae`rns, nmtrn gtr`s. @sï, hnjn nst`jeninrsn qun ont`jgeatg hnjn ogmatgrn`rsn dumtg ` e` hrgb` o`hrn, qun sn k`ee`rà nst` nm o`ygr prgpgriaùm. Nm ne i`sg hn igi`ïm` sn utaeaz` Jnmzgaenibgmam`, qun sn k`ee` sanoprn nm um` igminmtr`iaùm onmgr qun e` hrgb` o`hrn. V`r` ne i`sg hn Ogrcam`, ns ouy ôtae ogmatgrn`r e` 3-Ogmg`intaeogrcam` qun sn k`ee` nm um` rne`iaùm `prgxao`h` y igmst`mtn 0/9 nm rne`iaùm ` e` hrgb` o`hrn. Nstg ôetaog k` pnroatahg hacnrnmia`r `haitgs ` e` Knrgïm` y Ogrcam` hn `quneegs qun igmsuonm d`r`jns `mtatusïbnmgs ` j`sn hn Ighnïm`. @mtns hne `hvnmaoan `hvnmaoanmtg mtg hne pneg igog o`traz pnraia`jen pnraia`jen,, rnsuet`j` ouy hacïiae `snbur`r um igmsuog `itavg hn Ogrcam` g Knrgïm`, rnspnitg hn pnrsgm`s igm igmsuogs tnr`páutaigs hn Ighnïm`, utaeaz`mhg gram` p`r` ogmatgrn`r e` amigrpgr`iaù amigrpgr`iaùm m hn nst`s hrgb`s. Hnjnogs rnigrh`r qun nm e` gram` nmigmtr`ogs o`ygr prgpgriaùm hn prghuitgs hn
jagtr`mscgro`iaùm jagtr`mscgro`ia ùm qun e` hrgb` o`hrn, nm e` qun ns ouy ha hacïiae cïiae hntnit`re` amt`it`. Ne àrn` hn o`ygr hns`iunrhg p`r` e` `inpt`jaeah`h hne nstuhag `m`eïtaig sgm egs pgtnmia`ens rnsuet`hgs c`esgs pgsatavgs, hnjahg ` igmt`oam`iaùm nxtnrm` hn e` o`traz y ` e` hacnrnmia` nm e` prgpgriaùm hn hrgb` amigrpgr`h` snbôm e`s i`r`itnrïstai`s r`ia`ens. Znigrhnogs qun e` one`mam` dunb` um aopgrt`mtn rge nm e` amigrpgr`iaùm hn hrgb`s nm e` o`traz paegs`. Nm i`sg qun um eïquahg hn e`v`hg `rrgdn rnsuet`hgs pgsatavgs, hnjnrï`ogs prnsuoar um` igmt`oam`iaùm nxtnrm`, amieusavn p`sav`. Ns hniar, pnrsgm`s qun nstuvanrgm nxpunst`s nm um `ojanmtn hgmhn sn igmsuoï` hrgb`s hn `jusg. Mg gjst`mtn, e` umaùm hn hrgb`s ` prgtnïm`s nxtnrm`s hne pneg ns hájae. 830
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Igonmt`ogs um i`sg, nm ne qun haniagikg e`v`hgs suinsavgs ` `rrgd`rgm rrgd`rgm rn rnsuet`hgs suet`hgs pgsatavgs p`r` Igi`ïm`. Vgstnragronmtn sn rn`eazù e` nxtr`iiaùm prgpa`onmtn haik` hn e` o`traz igmsabmàmhgsn um v`egr nxtr`grham`ra`onmtn `etg. X`opgig sn hntnitù jnmzgaenibgmam` igog ont`jgeatg. Nstg mgs kazg pe`mtn`r e` pgsajaeah`h hn um` igmt`oam`iaùm nxtnrm` qun pgr h h`ðg `ðg hn e` nstru nstruitur` itur` i`pae`r, pnroataù e` amigrpgr` amigrpgr`iaùm iaùm p`sav`. Nst` satu`iaùm cun `ie`r`h` ` egs o`bastr`hgs, k`ianmhg mgt`r qun rnsuet`hgs pgsatavgs pnr sn, mg igmstatuynm amhaiag hn igmsuogs `itavgs.
0>.:6
·E` hrgb` oàs k`ee`h` nm munstrg onhag7 Igi`ïm` Vrghuitgs hn jagtr`mscgro`iaùm y gtrgs hn tr`mscgro`iaùm quïoai`
Ne igmgiaoanmtg hn e`s igopend`s tr`mscgro`iagmns qun sucrn e` hrgb` nm ne grb`masog nm vah`, pgstogrtno y t`ojaám nm iariumst`mia`s pgstnragrns ` e` tgo` hn ounstr` mgs prgpgriagm`rà um iratnrag oàs r`iagm`e n amieusavn pnroatarà nv`eu`r igog amiahn e` vï` hn `hoamastr`iaùm hn e` igi` igi`ïm` ïm` (amk`e`tg (amk`e`tgra`, ra`, amynit`jen amynit`jen,, pgr cuo`h cuo`hg) g)
nm egs igo igopunstgs punstgs
rne`iagm`hgss i`r`itnrïstaigs qun sn bnmnr`m. rne`iagm`hg E`s hnmgoam`h`s nmzao`s nstn`ràsai`s hnsnopnð`m um aopgrt`mtn p`pne nm ne prginsg ont`jùeaig hn e` hrgb`. Egs havnrsgs ùrb`mgs rnvne`m nenv`hgs mavnens hn nstn`r`s`s amieusavn ne inrnjrg `umqun, e` nxpnranmia` hnounstr` qun nm inrnjrg e` hrgb` sn k`ee` sam ont`jgeaz`r nm um `etïsaog pgrinmt`dn, nstg pghrï` rne`iagm`rsn ` qun ástn ùrb`mg ns raig nm cgscgeïpahgs qun pgr `ebôm oni`masog hn prgtniiaùm aopnharï` e` jagtr`mscgro`iaùm hn e` sust`mia`.
E`s igeamnstnr`s`s igeamnstnr`s`s (igeamnstnr`s` pe`so pe`soàtai`, àtai`, igeamnstnr`s` sárai`, psnuhg igeam igeamnstnr`s`s nstnr`s`s y igeamnstnr`s`s nspniïcai`s) hnsnopnð`m um` cumiaùm prgoamnmtn nm e` hnbr`h`iaùm ont`jùeai` hn e` igi`ïm`.
K`y trns i`oamgs ont`jùeaigs igmsahnr`hgs cumh`onmt`ens nm e` amtnrprnt`iaùm hn igmsuogs nm amhavahugs vavgs y pgstogrtno. E` vï` qun igmhuin ` e` cgro`iaùm hn igi`ntaenmg nm prnsnmia` hn nt`mge ns trns vnins oàs ràpah` qun e` vï` qun igmhuin ` e` cgro`iaùm hn jnmzgaenibgmam` (JN), umg hn egs ont`jgeatgs k`ee`hgs igm o`ygr crniunmia` nm pnrsgm`s igmsuoahgr`s. igmsuoahgr`s. 83:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
E` ntaejnmzgaenibgmam`, igoumonmtn hnmgoam`h` ntaeigi`ïm` g igi`ntaenmg, ns cgro`h` nm ne kïb`hg pgr tr`ms-nstnracai`iaùm nmzaoàtai` hn e` igi`ïm` nm prnsnmia` igmdumt` hn nt`mge (Kn`rm nt `e, 0110, Hn`m, 0110, Asnmsikoah, :668, Ogcc`t nt `e, :668). Znigrh`mhg e` amigrpgr`iaùm amigrpgr`iaùm hn hrgb`s `e pneg y egs igmsniunmtns k`ee`z k`ee`zbgs bgs ne igopunstg igi`ntaenmg hnjnrï` snr amigrpgr`hg y k`ee`hg igog t`e. Gjsnrv`iagmns cam`ens4 0- 0-Y a janm knogs igmsahnr`hg tgh`s e`s vnmt`d`s qun nst` o`trïz gcrnin, ns `igmsnd`jen sanoprn qun sn punh`, utaeaz`r havnrsah`h hn ceuahgs y tndahgs, igm ne gjdntg hn `opea`r e` vnmt`m` hn hntniiaùm hn sust`mia`s. Nm e` pràitai` ns ùptaog ne nopeng hn ounstr`s hn gram` y pneg. Mùtnsn, qun igm ne praonr `màeasas tnmhrnogs h`tgs amonha`tgs, oanmtr`s qun qun ne snbumhg ogstr`rà um h`tg onha`tg, n nss hniar, eg giurrahg hï`s, sno`m`s g onsns.
:- :- Nm ne i`sg hn jusi`r 3-Ogmg`intaeogr 3-Ogmg`intaeogrcam`, cam`, sn `igmsnd` utaeaz`r s`eav`. Nstn ceuahg pnroatn hntnit`r hrgb`s y/g ont`jgeatgs iu`mhg e` `hoamastr`iaùm k` sahg ` igrtg pe`zg, ns hniar, hnshn oamutgs ` nsi`s`s kgr`s. Yu rnigeniiaùm ns snmiaee` y rnquanrn onmgr i`mtah`h hn ounstr`. 9- 9-I u`mhg onha`m nst`hgs putrnc`itavgs y sgeg pnrm`mnin ne pneg igog nvahnmia` quïoaig enb`e, igog nm gtrgs i`sgs hn h`ðg snvnrg, hnjn
tnmnrsn nspnia`e iuah`hg nm ne p`sg hn e`v`hg (hnigmt`oam`iaùm). @quï sn `inmtô` ne ransbg hn nxtr`nr nxtr`nr sust`mia` sust`mia`ss hnshn ne amtnr amtnragr agr hn e` oáhue` hnjahg hnjahg `e h hntnragrg ntnragrg hn e` iutïiue iutïiue`. `.
8- 8- Iurags`on Iurags`onmtn mtn ástn ôetaog igm igminptg, inptg, sn `peai` `peai`rï` rï` nm cgro` amvnrs` nm egs i`sgs hn `huetnr`iaùm g hnpùsatg p`savg hn sust`mia`s nm bnmnrgs`s igminmtr`iagm igminmtr`iagmns. ns.
839
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
>- >-N m e` pràitai` ns r`rg gjsnrv`r gram`s pgsatav`s y pnegs mnb`tavgs.
3-Mg 3-Mg sanoprn um rnsuet`hg pgsatavg sgjrn ne iut-gcc amhai`rï` `hoamastr`iaùm `hoamastr`iaù m `itav` hn e` hrgb`. Znoatarsn ` e` am amtrghuiiaùm. trghuiiaùm.
@br`hniaoanmtgs4 @e Yr. táimaig Puïoaig Iás`r @bustïm M`rhg pgr su amv`egr`jen q qunk`inr unk`inr ha`rag. @e Hr. Zujnm O`rtïm E`bunms pgr su `pgrtn nm ne @spnitg @m`tùoaig y casageùbaig. @ tghgs egs kgojrns y oudnrns `ojue`tgrags prgvnmanmtns hn Xrajum`ens hn C`oaea` y pnm`ens qun igm su igmsnmtaoanmtg nm e` tgo` hn ounstr` mgs pnroatanrgm nmcrnmt`r ástn tr`j`dg igog um vnrh`hnrg snrvaiag. @ egs Ynðgrns O`bastr`hgs qun mgs amieuynrgm nm sus nquapgs ouetahasiapeam`rags
p`r` hnvne`r igmsuog hn sust`mia`s. @e Hr. Dgrbn Cgeamg qun `enmtù `e nopeng hn O`trains @etnrm`tav`s igog `pgrtn ` rnenv`mtns i`sgs nm psaqua`trï` cgrnmsn.
Jajeagbr`cï`. Onik`maso gc hrub amigrpgr`tagm amtg k`ar. Knmhnrsgm B.E. Cgrnmsai Yia. Amt . ;8, ;2-000. (0112) 838
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@màeasas hn hrgb`s hn usg amhnjahg nm pneg. @it`s hn e`s Vraonr`s Dgrm`h`s hn Xgxaigegbï` hne Amtnragr. Cnrr`ra E.@. y @r`hg O.B. Igenbag hn Jagquïoaigs hn Iùrhgj Iùrhgj` ` p.9>-91. (:6 (:666) 66) K`ar Xgh`y. Ce`m`b`m, J. Juee. Amt. @ssgi.Cgr. Xgxaigegbasts: 1 (8) 1-00 (0111). Rk`t igmstatutns ` pgsatavn rnsuet am k`ar `m`eysas7 Lamtz, V `mh O`mbam, V. Cgrnmsai Yia. Amt . 26, 9-00. (011>) K`ar `m`eysas. V. Lamtz am Ie`rln‑s `m`eysas gc hrubs `mh pgasgms. Ogcc`t, Rahhgp, Gssnetgm (Nhs) Vk`ro`inutai`e Vrnss, (:668). Hrub ogmatgramb am mgm igmvnmtagm`e jagegbai`e ceuahs `mh o`trains. Vaikama, Z nt `e. Ieam. Vk`ro. 96 ( 9) :00-: :00-::; :; (011 (0113) 3)
Vgtnmta`e prgjenos watk tkn amtnrprnt`tagm gc k`ar `m`eysas rnsuets. Rnmmab, Z. Cgrnmsai Yia. Amt.0 62, >-0: (:666)
Nv`eu`tagm gc @m`eytai`e Ontkghgegbans cgr mgm-amtrusavn hrub tnstamb4 Yupnriratai`e ceuah nxtr`itagm gc igi`amn crgo k`ar, MAD Znpgrt 360-1; (011;) @hv`mins am Cgrnmsai Cgrnmsai @ppeai`tagm @ppeai`tagmss gc O`ss Ypnitrgontry, IZI V Vrnss, rnss, Amtnrm`tagm`e Yt` Yt`mh`rh mh`rh (:668). Vk`ro`iglamntais, Ont`jgeaso, `mh Vk`ro`inutais gc Hrubs gc @jusn MAH@ Znsn`rik
Ogmgbr`pk 029, ^.Y. HNV@ZXONMX GC KN@EXK @MH K^O@M YNZSAINY, M`tagm`e Amstatutns gc Kn`etk, (0112).
I`pïtueg 03 Amvnstab`iaùm hn Hrgb`s hn @jusg y Vrghuitgs hn Igrtn. 83>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Hr. Euas @ejnrtg Cnrr`ra Vnratg A hne Iunrpg Puïoaig Cgrnmsn. Vrgcnsgr hn Puïoai` Cgrnmsn nm e` ^mavnrsah`h hn Ogrùm.
Nsquno` @m`eïtaig p`r` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn igi`ïm` pur` g `huetnr`h`.
Amtrghuiiaùm. Ne nsquno` `m`eïtaig qun sn utaeaz` p`r` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn igi`ïm` pur` g `huetnr`h` sn `dust` ` hntnroam`r e` igopgsaiaùm iu`eat`tav` hn um` sust`mia` qun, pgr su `spnitg, punhn snr iegrkahr`tg hn igi`ïm` pur` g igm gtrgs igopgmnmtns hn usg igoôm qun `itô`m igog `huetnr`mtns. Nstn nsquno` hn ahnmtacai`iaùm sucrn oghacai`iagmns pnraùhai`s p`r` igmsahnr`r e` amigrpgr`iaùm hn munv`s sust`mia`s utaeaz`h`s igog `huetnr`mtns. Nm e` `itu`eah`h mg sn rnbastr` ne `brnb`hg hn sustatutgs `tïpaigs hne iegrkahr`tg hn igi`ïm` igog `mnstnsam`, mgvgi`ïm`, àiahg jùraig. Yn igoprunj` usu`eonmtn e` prnsnmia` hn xaegi`ïm` (Eahgi`ïm`). Nm e` pràitai`, egs sustatutgs g `huetnr`mtns mg hnjnm `uonmt`r ne prniag hne prghuitg hnstam`hg `e igmsuog y eg crniunmtn ns qun sn`m ouikg oàs j`r`tgs. Nmtgmins, pgr r`zgmns hn igopntnmia` y ` cam hn rntnmnr g `uonmt`r um brupg igmsuoahgr
nst`jen, sn gjsnrv` um` tnmhnmia` ` rnhuiar ne prniag hne prghuitg rnnope`z`mhg egs ieàsaigs `mnstásaigs egi`ens pgr `zôi`rns (beuigs`, e`itgs`) y gi`sagm`eonm gi`sagm`eonmtn, tn, s`i`rgs`, nm prgpgriagmns v`ra`jens. Nm munstrg onhag egs Vrgcnsgrns Bu`tneea, O y B`riï` Cnrmàmhnz, DI k`m gcrniahg um oátghg hn `màeasas `màeasas t`e igog sn igmsab igmsabm` m` ` igmtamu`iaùm. igmtamu`iaùm.
Nms`ygs p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn igi`ïm`4 Nms`yg hn sgeujaeah`h. 833
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Ns aopgrt`mtn qun nm nstn nms`yg sn haspgmb` hn um` ounstr` kgogbámn`. Igm crniunmia` sn gjsnrv` um pgevg je`mig y camg, igm brupg nm môonrg y t`o`ðg v`ra`jen pgr e` prnsnmia` hn pgriagmns kôonh`s. Nm nstgs i`sgs hnjn puevnraz`rsn e` ounstr`, cr`iiagm`re` ’ sa ns sucaianmtn ’ nm um ogrtnrg igoôm hn i`p`iah`h `hniu`h`, snp`r`mhg igm um` nspàtue` ne o`tnra`e qun sn `hkanrn `e ogrtnrg. Ne prghuitg puevnraz`hg sn t`oaz` p`r` snp`r`r e`s p`rtïiue`s oàs bruns`s qun sn rnhuinm ` pgevg camg munv`onmtn onha`mtn ogrtnrg. ^m` vnz gjtnmah` e` puevnraz`iaùm hn tgh` e` ounstr`, sn e` ujai` nm um rniapanmtn peàstaig hn t`p` ` rgsi` y hn jgi` `mik` qun sn `bat` hur`mtn um tanopg snbôm ne vgeuonm hn pgevg, k`st` haspgmnr hn um prghuitg kgogbámng kgogbámng.. Yn rn`eaz` um` gjsnrv`iaùm ` saopen vast` y igm o`bmacai`iaùm `hniu`h` igog um` eup` igoôm y sanoprn qun ne prghuitg sn` kgogbámng nm su `spnitg, sn gjtanmn um` cr`iiaùm `hniu`h`, e` iu`e sn igegi` nm um tujg hn nms`yg eaopag y snig hasgevaámhge` nm 0 g : oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`. Yn `bat` y sn gjsnrv` sa e` ounstr` sn hasunevn tgt`e g p`ria`eonmtn, puhaámhgsn `brnb`r um munvg vgeuonm hn `bu` hnstae`h` p`r` inrtacai`r e` prnsnmia` hn um `brnb`hg hn j`d` sgeujaeah`h g amsgeujen amsgeujen.. E` sgeujaeah`h hn e` igi`ïm` j`sn nm `bu` hnstae`h`, snbôm Ie`rln (0131) ns hn 0 40966, oanmtr`s qun e` hne iegrkahr`tg hn igi`ïm` nm `bu` hnstae`h` ns hn 046,>.
Zn`iiaùm hn e` sgeuiaùm `iugs`. Hne nms`yg `mtnragr sn tgo`m um`s bgt`s hne sgjrnm`h`mtn nm um vahrag rnegd y sn rnbastr` e` rn`iiaùm igm p`pne hn pK. E`s sgeuiagmns hn iegrkahr`tg hn igi`ïm` pur` g nm
onzie`s igm `huetnr`mtns mnutrgs sgm eabnr`onmtn àiah`s, oanmtr`s qun ne `brnb`hg hn jai`rjgm`tg hn sghag igmcanrn um` rn`iiaùm eabnr`onmtn `ei`eam` (pK ;). Egs prnp`r`hgs qun igmtanmnm suec`tg hn igi`ïm`, prnsnmt`m um pK àiahg mntg, hn `iunrhg igm ne br`hg hn kahrùeasas hn e` s`e. E` igi`ïm` j`sn nm `bu` hnstae`h` prnsnmt` um pK nmtrn ; y ;,>. Igonmt`rags.. Igonmt`rags Ne nms`yg hn sgeujaeah`h y e` rn`iiaùm hn e` sgeuiaùm `iugs` tanmnm aopgrt`mia` pgrqun pnroatnm amcnrar e` prgj`jen nxastnmia` hn ianrtgs igopunstgs, pgig g rne`tav`onmtn sgeujens, qun rnsuet`m hn utaeah`h iu`mhg sn tr`t`m hn sust`mia`s qun sn utaeaz`m p`r` 832
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
puracai`r e` igi`ïm` g `brnb`rsn ` e` oaso` p`r` su hnsm`tur`eaz`iaùm. Vgr gtr` p`rtn, e` igi`ïm` s`eacai`h` punhn ignxastar igm ianrtgs `huetnr`mtns sgeujens qun mg amiahnm nm ne pK igog `zôi`rns rnhuitgrns y s`i`rgs`. Ne àiahg jùraig ’ qun `p`rnin `sgia`hg nm gi`sagmns ` gtrgs `huetnr`mtns ’ ns um àiahg hájae y sa janm ne `spnitg hn egs irast`ens (mg hne prghuitg `ogrcg) ns igamiahnmtn igm ne hne e` igi`ïm` pgr cgro`r nsi`o`s je`mi`s hneb`h`s y hn `spnitg m`i`r`hg, mg punhn `brnb`rsn oàs hn ianrt` prgpgriaùm pgr su j`d` sgeujaeah`h nm crïg (8 % ` 0; I¶) . @hnoàs, sus ncnitgs mgiavgs eaoat`m su usg igog sustatutg hne iegrkahr`tg hn igi`ïm`. Nm ouikgs p`ïsns ne usg hn àiahg jùraig nstà prgkajahg amieusg igog prnsnrv`hgr hn `eaonmtgs.
Zn`itavg hn Hr`bbnmhgrcc 4 Ne nms`yg sn rn`eaz` `brnb`mhg um` g hgs bgt`s hn rn`itavg ` 0 g : oe hn e` sgeuiaùm ` amvnstab`r. Nm prnsnmia` hn `ei`egahns sn gjtanmn um prniapat`hg hn igegr rgdg ` rgdg m`r`md`. Nstn rn`itavg pgr haeuiaùm haeuiaùm sn `etnr` y prniapat` `ôm nm `usnmia` `usnmia` hn `ei`e `ei`egahns, gahns, sa e` haeuiaùm ns o`ygr sn snp`r` trayghurg hn jasoutg hn igegr mnbrg. Nstn rn`itavg prghuin um prniapat`hg igm gtrgs igopunstgs hn nstruitur` oàs saopen. V`r` `sabm`ren v`egr nm egs nms`ygs bnmáraigs hnjnm gjtnmnrsn rnspunst`s pgsatav`s t`ojaám igm egs rnst`mtns rn`itavgs. Zn`itavg pïiraig4 pïiraig4 Ns um` sgeuiaùm s`tur`h` hn àiahg pïiraig. Ns ne onmgs snmsajen hn egs rn`itavgs qun
amtnbr`m ne brupg. Ygeuiagmns haeuah`s hn egs `ei`egahns sunenm h`r rnspunst`s mnb`tav`s hn t`e o`mnr` qun, oanmtr`s egs trns rnst`mtns h`m pgsatavg, e` sgeuiaùm pïirai` mg rnspgmhn `e nms`yg. Xanmn `peai`iaùm nm oairgirast`egbr`cï` y` qun prghuin cgro`s tïpai`s igm ianrtgs `ei`egahns nm sgeuiagmns pur`s g nm prnsnmia` hn sust`mia`s mg amtnrcnrnmtns. Ahnmtacai`iaùm hne aùm iegrurg. iegrurg. E` o`ygrï` hn egs `ei`egahns sn prnsnmt`m nm cgro` hn iegrkahr`tg, sgeujens nm `bu` hnstae`h` crï`. Nstn `maùm sn ahnmtacai` onha`mtn ne nms`yg ieàsaig igm matr`tg hn pe`t` nm onhag mïtraig. 83;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Xáimai`4 Nm tujg hn nms`yg eaopag igegi`r um` pnqunð` i`mtah`h hne prghuitg y hasgevnr nm : g 9 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`, `iahacai`r igm um`s bgt`s hn mïtraig purg y `brnb`r bgt` ` bgt` um nxinsg hn sgeuiaùm hn matr`tg hn pe`t` `e > %, `p`rnin prniapat`hg je`mig, i`sngsg. Ya sn quanrnm ncnitu`r nms`ygs igopenonmt`rags p`r` inrtacai`r e` m`tur`enz` hne prniapat`hg (@bIe), hnjnrà neaoam`rsn ne `ei`egahn pgrqun hn eg igmtr`rag amtnrcanrn (nm i`sg hn igoprgj`r e` sgeujaeah`h hne @bIe igm `ogmï`ig prniapat` ne `ei`egahn nm su cgro` jàsai`). Nm gi`sagmns sn k` gjsnrv`hg, `e `brnb`r ne àiahg mïtraig, um igegr `zue qun i`oja` hn amonha`tg `e rgs`hg g vagent` ie`rg, aoput`jen ` e` prnsnmia` hn Hapargm`. Ahnmtacai`iaùm hne aùm suec`tg. suec`tg. @ um pnqunðg vgeuonm hn e` sgeuiaùm hne `ei`egahn `brnb`r hne `ei`egahn `brnb`r :-9 bgt`s hn àiahg iegrkïhraig purg, i`enmt`r ` njueeaiaùm y `brnb`r bgt` ` bgt`, um eabnrg nxinsg hn sgeuiaùm `iugs` hn iegrurg hn j`rag `e 06 %. @p`rnin prniapat`hg je`mig nm prnsnmia` hne aùm suec`tg. Ahnmtacai`iaùm hn hnrav`hgs `rae-`oïmaigs. `rae-`oïmaigs. Nm nst` hnmgoam`iaùm sn amieuynm egs `mnstásaigsegi`ens (sustatutgs hn e` igi`ïm`) igm brupg `oamg eajrn (Mgvgi`ïm`, Vrgi`ïm`, Jnmzgi`ïm` g @mnstnsam`, nti). E` xaegi`ïm` g iegrkahr`tg hn Eahgi`ïm` mg rnspgmhn `e nms`yg pgr tnmnr umg hn egs kahrùbnmgs sustatuahgs
(-MK- nm eub`r hn ’MK:). Ne brupg `oamg eajrn sn k`ee` nm pgsaiaùm p`r` p`r` igm rnspnitg ` eegs gs gtrgs sustatuynmtns hne môieng jnmiámaig. Ne rn`itavg ns um` sgeuiaùm hn phaontae`oamgjnmz`ehnkahg 0 % (0 b hn V@J@ nm 066 oe hn nt`mge 13¶, `iahacai`h` igm :6 bgt`s hn àiahg suecôraig). Ne rn`itavg nsnst`jen y sn tgenr` k`st` um hájae igegr `o`raeeg. Hnjn tgo`rsn nm iunmt` qun ne `brnb`hg hn àiahg suecôraig amtnmsacai` ne igegr `o`raeeg hne rn`itavg hn tr`t`rsn hn hrgb` `huetnr`h`. Igm tghg, ne igmtr`stn ns mntg nm prnsnmia` hn um sustatutg igm brupg `oamg eajrn. Xáimai`44 Xáimai`
831
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Nm pe`i` hn tgqun igegi`r umgs inmtabr`ogs hn e` ounstr` y `brnb`r um` g hgs bgt`s
hn rn`itavg. @p`rnin hn amonha`tg um igegr `o`raeeg amtnmsg qun `hquanrn igegr m`r`md` snbôm e` prgpgriaùm hne susatatutg. Igog `etnrm`tav` nm eub`r hne rn`itavg amhai`hg punhn utaeaz`rsn um` sgeuiaùm `iugs` rnianmtn hne àiahg 0,: m`ctgquamgm-8-suecôraig `e > % igm ne iu`e sn gjtanmn um igegr rgdg. Ne rn`itavg ns amnst`jen pgr eg qun hnjn prnp`r`rsn nm e` i`mtah`h mnins`ra` p`r` ne ogonmtg hn e` prunj`.
Amvnstab`iaùm hn `zôi`rns rnhuitgrns. Ne `brnb`hg hn `zôi`rns rnhuitgrns ns um` `huetnr`iaùm crniunmtn. Yn nopen`m igm prncnrnmia` beuigs` g e`itgs`. Xáimai`. Nm um tujg hn nms`yg igegi`r um` pnqunð` cr`iiaùm hn e` ounstr` kgoùbnmn` y 8 ` > oe hne rn`itavg hn Jnmnhait (02,9 b hn suec`tg hn igjrn pnmt`kahr`t`hg, 029 b hn iatr`tg hn sghag, 066 b hn i`rjgm`tg hn sghag `mkahrg igopent`mhg ` 0 Et igm `bu` hnstae`h`) i`enmt`r ` njueeaiaùm y o`mtnmnr ns` tnopnr`tur` umgs oamutgs. ^m` rn`iiaùm pgsatav` pgmn nm nvahnmia` um igegr vnrhn qun hn amonha`tg sn tr`mscgron nm igegr rgdg e`hraeeg pgr prniapat`iaùm hn ùxahg hn igjrn (A). Igonmt`rags. Hur`mtn ne i`enmt`oanmtg ` njueeaiaùm sn punhn gjsnrv`r e` snp`r`iaùm hn um eïquahg
gengsg qun sn prgynit` pgr e`s p`rnhns hne tujg y qun vunevn `e snmg hne eïquahg `e suspnmhnr ne tr`t`oanmtg. Ya sn igegi` um` i`mtah`h o`ygr hn ounstr`, pgr nmcra`oanmtg sn snp`r` um prghuitg sùeahg je`mig qun bnmnr`eonmtn sn `sanmt` sgjrn ne rn`itavg. Haikg prghuitg ns e` igi`ïm` snp`r`h` pgr e` `ei`eamah`h hne rn`itavg y ne eïquahg gengsg qun ns e` igi`ï`m j`sn nm nst`hg eïquahg (t.c4 12-1; I¶). Ne iegrkahr`tg hn igi`ïm` mg cumhn ` um` tnopnr`tur` amcnragr ` 012 I¶. Nm e` `huetnr`iaùm hn e` igi`ïm` igm `zôi`rns rnhuitgrns sn rn`eaz` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm igm nspnitrgcgtgontrï` amcr`rrgd`.
826
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Amvnstab`iaùm hn àzui`r igoôm. igoôm. Yn tr`t` hn um `huetnr`mtn gi`sagm`e. Ne àzui`r igoôm irast`eaz`hg sn gjsnrv` ` saopen vast`, cam`eonmtn puevnraz`hg sn `h`pt` ondgr igog `huetnr`mtn. Igog e` s`i`rgs` mg ns rnhuitgr`, sn prginhn ` um` kahrùeasas prnva`, p`r` egs nms`ygs hne pghnr rnhuitgr hn egs àzui`rns rnsuet`mtns. Xáimai`4 Nm um tujg hn nms`yg eaopag igegi`r um` cr`iiaùm hn e` ounstr` dumtg igm > oe hn àiahg suecôraig `e > %, i`enmt`r su`vnonmtn ` njueeaiaùm utaeaz`mhg um jrgikn hn o`hnr` y igminmtr`r ne eïquahg àiahg k`st` `prgxao`h`onmtn e` oat`h, hnd`r nmcra`r y `brnb`r nm pnqunð`s cr`iiagmns i`rjgm`tg hn sghag nm pgevg k`st` gjtnmnr um prniapat`hg je`mig pgr prniapat`iaùm g snp`r`iaùm hn igi`ïm` j`sn mg hnbr`h`h` (hn rn`iiaùm `ei`eam`) n amigrpgr`r ne rn`itavg hn Jnmnhait, prginhanmhg igog nm e` táimai` p`r` ahnmtacai`r `zôi`rns rnhuitgrns. Igonmt`rags4 E` amvnstab`iaùm hn `zôi`r igoôm sn k` rn`eaz`hg nm ouy igmt`h`s gi`sagmns, gtgrbàmhgsn prncnrnmia`s ` e`s knxgs`s (beuigs` g e`itgs`) nm e` `huetnr`iaùm hn igi`ïm` igm `zui`rns qun `p`rninm nm munstrg onhag.
Amvnstab`iaùm hn àiahg jùraig. jùraig. Ne àiahg jùraig irast`eaz`hg cgro` nsi`o`s amigegr`s hn jraeeg pnre`hg, sgeujens nm `bu` nm um` prgpgriaùm hne 8% ` 0> ’ 0; I¶. E` sgeuiapgm `iugs` prnsnmt` rn`iiaùm envnonmtn àiah`. Ne àiahg jùraig irast`eamg sn us` nm e` `huetnr`iaùm hne iegrkahr`tg hn igi`ïm` purg, irast`eamg, pnrg iu`mhg ne prghuitg cr`iiagm`hg sn gcrnin nm cgro` puevnruenmt`, sn `huetnr` igm àiahg jùraig `ogrcg. Nxastnm v`rags prginhaoanmtgs hnsiraptgs p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn àiahg jùraig. ^m prginhaoanmtg pràitaig y saopen sn j`s` nm e` cgro`iaùm hne ástnr ontae jùraig.
820
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Xáimai`4 Nm um` iàpsue` hn pgrine`m` hn > ` 3 io hn haàontrg, nsirupuegs`onmtn eaopa` y sni`, igegi`r um` cr`iiaùm hn e` ounstr` y `ernhnhgr hn 06-0> oe hn `eigkge ontïeaig p.` eabnr`onmtn igm àiahg suecôraig. Igegi`r e` iàpsue` nm um `ojanmtn gsiurg n amce`o`re`. Hn amonha`tg sn gjsnrv` um igegr vnrhn pgr crgo`iaùm hne jgr`tg hn ontaeg qun bnmnr`eonmtn, prnv`enin sgjrn ne igegr `zue hn e` ee`o` prghuiah` pgr e` igojustaùm hne ont`mge. Mg sn k`m rnbastr`hg amtnrcnrnmia`s nm nstn nms`yg. Vnqunð`s i`mtah`hns hn àiahg jùraig grabam`m um igegr mïtah`onmtn pnrinptajen nm e` gsiurah`h. Nms`ygs hn ahnmtacai`iaùm p`r` igi`ïm`. igi`ïm`. Yn haspgmn hn v`rags prginhaoanmtgs p`r` e` ahnmtacai`iaùm hn igi`ïm`. Yn iunmt` igm ne nms`yg hn igegr nm c`sn grbàmai`, nms`yg hn gegr pgr cgro`iaùm hn jnmzg`tg hn ontaeg y irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` hneb`h` (XEI).
Nms`yg hn igegr 4 Ne nms`yg hn Yigtt `prgvnik` e` cgro`iaùm hn um igopendg hn igegr `zue`hg igm ne tagia`m`tg hn igj`etg. Ygm amtnrcnrnmia`s e` xaegi`ïm`, jut`i`ïm`, cnmiaieaham` y ont`parnmg. Ya sn `brnb` ` e` rn`iiaùm `mtnragr bgt`s hn KIe igminmtr`hg y eunbg iegrgcgrog, e` c`sn grbàmai` `hquararà um amtnmsg igegr `zue, mg rn`iiagm`mhg egs amtnrcnrnmtns. Ne oni`masog hn e` rn`iiaùm ns hnsigmgiahg hnsigmgiahg..
Nms`yg hn gegr 4 Yn j`s` nm e` kahrùeasas hn e` igi`ïm` pgr tr`t`oanmtg igm kahrùxahg hn pgt`sag nm onhag ont`mùeaig. @prgvnik` e` cgro`iaùm hn jnmzg`tg hn ontaeg hn um gegr i`r`itnrïstaig hntnit`jen ` igminmtr`iagmns j`d`s. Xanmn um` snmsajaeah`h y nspniacaiah`h ouy supnragrns ` ouikgs hn egs nms`ygs amhai`hgs p`r` igi`ïm`.
Irgo`tgbr`cï`4
82:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
E` XEI ns um` táimai` `m`eïtai` `opea`onm `opea`onmtn tn utaeaz`h` nm iu`equanr e`jgr`tgrag hn
tgxaigegbï` `m`eïtai`. @ tr`vás hne tanopg sn k` gptaoaz`hg su utaeaz`iaùm, hnst`iàmhgsn su j`dg igstg, r`pahnz y igmca`jaeah`h. Yn k`m prgpunstg havnrsgs sgevnmtns p`r` ne hns`rrgeeg. Yn k` prgpunstg um sastno` qun rnsunevn janm e` eahgi`ïm`. Nm egs sastno`s tr`haiagm`ens nst` mg sn snp`r` igmvnmanmtnonmtn y `hnoàs, hnjahg ` e` c`et` hn rn`itavah`h hn egs `mnstásaigs `rae`oïmaigs, punhn amtnrprnt`rsn nrrùmn`onmtn nrrùmn`onmtn e`s o`mik`s qun sn punh`m vasu`eaz`r. Ne sgevnmtn hn igrrah` igmsastn nm um` onzie` hn iegrgcgrog4 `intgm`4 `ogmï`ig 864364AAA. Igog rnvne`hgr sn utaeaz` um` sgeuiaùm hn aghgpe`tam`tg hn pgt`sag (8> oe hn aghurg hn pgt`sag `e >%, > oe hn iegrurg hn pe`tamg> % y 066 oe hn `bu` hnstae`h`). hnstae`h`). E` Igoasaùm hn Nxpnrtgs hn e`s M`iagmns ^mah`s k` nst`jeniahg qun ne iratnrag hn ahnmtah`h p`r` e`s hrgb`s hn `jusg ns e` neniiaùm oïmao` hn hgs p`ràontrgs `m`eïtaigs amhnpnmhanmtns y hain tnxtu`eonmtn4 ―Nm iu`equanr i`sg igmirntg, `e sneniiagm`r nstgs hgs p`ràontrgs hnjnrà tnmnrsn nm iunmt` e` hrgb` nm iunstaùm y egs rniursgs hn e`jgr`tgrag hn qun haspgmb` ne `m`east`. Vgr ndnopeg hgs sastno`s mg igrrne`iagm`hgs hn XEI sn igmt`rï`m igog hgs p`ràontrgs. Nm nstn igmtnxtg, hgs sastno`s mg igrrne`iagm`hgs hn XEI sabmacai`m qun egs sastno`s hn sgevnmtns g e` c`sn nst`iagm`ra` sgm igopent`onmtn hastamt`s‟. E` irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` y e` KVEI t`ojaám sgm táimai`s qun sn `h`pt`m janm `e `màeasas hn um` ounstr` hn igi`ïm`.
@ase`oanmtg, puracai`iaùm n ahnmtacai`iaùm hn igi`ïm` prgvnmanmtn hn o`tnra`ens jageùbaigs (s`mbrn, gram`, vïsinr`s y s`eav`).
Ne `ase`oanmtg hn igi`ïm` ` p`rtar hn tndahgs kuo`mgs punhnm ncnitu`rsn onha`mtn egs oátghgs tr`haiagm`ens j`s`hgs nm e` hnsni`iaùm igm suec`tg hn sghag `mkahrg hn e`s vïsinr`s prnva`onmtn hnsonmuz`h`s y pgstnragr nxtr`iiaùm ntárn` y iegrgcùroai`< prniapat`iaùm prngtnai` igm suec`tg hn `ogmag, nti. Hnjn tnmnrsn nspnia`e iuah`hg igm e` tnopnr`tur` (o`ygrns ` 8> I¶ I¶)) y` qun e` igi`ïm` igi`ïm` ns tnrogeàjae. tnrogeàjae.
829
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@itu`eonmtn, nstgs oátghgs hn `ase`oanmtg nstàm sanmhg rnnope`z`hg rnnope`z`hgss pgr e`
nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah` (YVN), qun igmsastn nm e` rntnmiaùm hne `m`eatg hn amtnrás nm um rneenmg j`s`hg nm p`rtïiue`s hn sïeai` oghacai`h` hnmtrg hn um` igeuom` peàstai`. Ygm ouy utaeaz`h`s e`s hn I-:, I-8, I-;, I-0; g onzie`s hn rneenmgs mg pge`rns, onha`m`onmtn pge`rns g pge`rns. E` vnmt`d` nm ne usg hn nst` ontghgegbï` r`hai` nm egs `etgs pgrinmt`dns hn rniupnr`iaùm, gjtnmiaùm hn neu`tgs purgs, hasoamuiaùm hne tanopg hn tr`j`dg y `kgrrg hn rn`itavgs. Nm i`pïtuegs `mtnragrns sn nsjgzù ne tno` igm o`ygr hnt`een.
Amvnstab`iaùm nm jnjah`s `m`eigkùeai`s4 Xáimai`4 Nm iàpsue` hn pgrine`m` igegi`r >6 ` 066 oe hn e` jnjah` nm nstuhag, i`enmt`r ` j`ðg O`rï` igm `bat`iaùm pnraùhai` p`r` neaoam`r ne IG:, nmcra`r y tr`sv`s`r ` um` `opgee` hn hni`mt`iaùm igmtrge`mhg e` rn`iiaùm qun hnjn snr àiah` (amigrpgr`r KIe sa cunr` mnins`rag). @ igmtamu`iaùm igmtamu`iaùm,, nxtr`nr igm iegrgcgrog (:6 oe) `bat`mhg nmárbai`onmtn umgs oamutgs, hnd`r snp`r`r e`s c`sns, hni`mt`r y prgsnbuar igm e` c`sn `iugs` àiah`. Xr`t`r haik` c`sn igm i`mtah`h sucaianmtn hn MK9 purg k`st` rn`iiaùm `ei`eam` y eunbg nxtr`nr e` igi`ïm` j`sn igm 0> oe hn iegrgcgrog. Hnd`r snp`r`r e`s c`sns c`sns,, caetr`r e` c`sn iegrgcùroai` pgr suec`tg sn sghag `mkahrg y igminmtr`r ` onmgs hn 8> I¶. ^taeaz`r nstn nxtr`itg rnhasunetg nm iegrgcgrog p`r` su `màeasas irgo`tgbràcaig g nm KIe `e 0 % p`r` rn`iiagmns hn prniapat`iaù prniapat`iaùm. m.
Nstuhags nm s`mbrn y gram`4
E` s`mbrn, gram` y s`eav` punhnm snr prgins`h`s pgr egs oátghgs YVN hn c`sn umah` g janm igeuom`s igm rneenmgs kahrgcïeaigs hne tapg Nxtrneut (Onril). E` táimai` ns suo`onmtn snmiaee` y egs rnsuet`hgs s`tasc`itgrags. Nm ne i`sg hn gram` nxastnm nm e` `itu`eah`h pe`i`s g tar`s rn`itav`s igonria`ens j`s`h`s nm oátghgs amoumgeùbaigs y qun mg rnquanrnm hne `ase`oanmtg hne `m`eatg. Nstn oátghg ns ràpahg, rnquanrn hn pgig ounstr` y pgsnn ouy junm` snmsajaeah`h. Yam noj`rbg nstà sudntg ` rn`iiagmns iruz`h`s y egs rnsuet`hgs pgsatavgs hnjnm snr igmcaro`hgs onha`mtn um oátghg `m`eïtaig amstruonmt`e hn ùptao` snmsajaeah`h p`r` hntnit`r mavnens j`dgs hn e` hrgb` o`hrn y sus ont`jgeatgs. 828
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@ebumgs nstuhags qun sn k`m ncnitu`hg nm kuo`mgs amhai`m qun sa um` ounstr` hn gram` ns rnigenit`h` eunbg hn um e`psg supnragr ` 0: ks hnshn ne ogonmtg hn igmsuog, ouy pgi` i`mtah`h g m`h` hn igi`ïm` snrà hntnit`h`. Ns hniar, sa e` igi`ïm` ns hntnit`h` nm gram`, sn `hoatn qun su `hoamastr`iaùm sn prghudg k`st` 0: ks `mtns hn e` rnigeniiaùm hn e` ounstr`. Nstn pnrïghg sn tgo` sùeg igog rncnrnmia` y` qun hnpnmhn hn muonrgsgs c`itgrns, ouikgs hn neegs amhavahu`ens. E` jnmzgaenibgmam` ’ pramiap`e ont`jgeatg ’ punhn snr hntnit`h` k`st` 93 ks hnspuás hn e` `hoamastr`iaùm hn igi`ïm` y pnro`mnin nm igminmtr`iagmns ouy j`d`s k`st` e`s 36 ks. Nm gram`, sn punhn nmigmtr`r nmtrn ne 0-1 % igog igi`ïm` sam ont`jgeaz`r y nmtrn 9> `e >8 % igog jnmzgaenibgm jnmzgaenibgmam`. am`. Nm iu`mtg ` e` s`mbrn, sn hnjn igmsahnr`r e` `iiaùm hn nmzao`s sgjrn e` igi`ïm` qun e` hnbr`h`m y e` vnmt`m` igrt` hn hntniiaùm hn sgeg `ebum`s kgr`s nm ouikgs i`sgs. E` prnsnrv`iaùm hn e` ounstr` ns aopgrt`mtn y` qun sn k` amcgro`hg qun igi`ïm` amt`it` nm ounstr`s knoàtai`s hncaianmtnonmtn rnsbu`rh`h`s punhnm tr`mscgro`rsn am satu nm igopunstgs
igog
egs
prghuiahgs
pgr
jagtr`mscgro`iaùm
nmhùbnm`,
t`e
igog
nibgmam`ontaenstnr g jnmzgaenibgmam`. E` prnsnrv`iaùm hn e` ounstr` ` j`d` tnopnr`tur`, pK > y `brnb`hg hn :% hn ceugrurg hn sghag nst`jaeaz` e` igi`ïm` nm s`mbrn puhanmhg pnro`mninr k`st` :66 hï`s sam tr`mscgro`iaùm quïoai` hnmtrg hne rnsnrvgrag (Amsnmsikoah, :668).
Irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` (BI-CAH) (BI-CAH) (Xáimai` utaeaz`h` p`r` ne nmtrnm`oanmtg hn M`iagmns ^mah`s, 01;1) Xáimai`. Igeuom`
:o, h.a. : ’8 oo, YN ’ 96, GS ’02.
B`s pgrt`hgr matrùbnmg 96 oe / oa oamutg. mutg. Hntnitgr
CAH (hntnitgr hn agmaz`iaùm pgr ee`o`) Kahrùbnmg ` 96 oe/oam, `arn 8>6 oe/oam.
Igmhaiagmns hn tr`j`dg 82>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Xnopnr`tur` hne amynitgr4 ::6 I¶. Xnopnr`tur` hne kgrmg4 ::6 I¶. Xnopnr`tur` hne hntnitgr4 966 I¶.
V`trùm amtnrmg4 m- tntr`igs`mg g tntr`cnmaentaenmg. @bnmtn hnrav`taz`mtn4 M-G jas- traontaesaeae`i traontaesaeae`int`oah` nt`oah` g M-ontae-M-trao M-ontae-M-traontaesaeaetraceug ntaesaeaetraceugrg`int`oah` rg`int`oah` (OYXC@).
Irgo`tgbr`cï` eïquah` hn `et` prnsaùm (KVEI)4 Xáimai`. Igeuom`4 036 oo, h-a4 > oo.
O`tnra`e hn rneenmg4 Git`hniae-Ya, haàontrg hn p`rtïiue` > ¾o. C`sn oùvae
Neuynmtn @4 Ont`mge (966 oe), `bu` (266oe), 0 % àiahg cgscùraig (v/v), m-knxae`oam m-knxae`oam` ` (06,20 b/ 08 oe pK :,>). Neuynmtn J4 Ont`mge (0666oe), 0 % àiahg cgscùraig (v/v) m-knxae`oam` (06,20 b/ 08 oe pK :,;). Hntnitgr ^S :96 mo.
I`mm`jas y sus igopgmnmtns. igopgmnmtns.
@màeasas cïsaig hn egs prghuitgs hn I`mm`jas. Egs i`r`itnrïstai`s oairgsiùpai`s hn I`mm`jas sp., pnroatnm rnigmginr pgr táimai`s oairgbràcai`s ne o`tnra`e qun punhn nst`r cam`onmtn p`rtaiue`hg g nm br`mhns trgzgs. Egs `jumh`mtns traigo`s prnsnmtns nm egs hastamtgs igopgmnmtns hn e` pe`mt` (kgl`, sujumah`hnss cegrah`s y crutgs) sgm egs nenonmtgs kastgeùbaigs oàs aopgrt`mtns p`r` hastambuar sujumah`hn e` I`mm`jas s`tav`. Yn rnigmginm t`ojaám pnegs iastgeïtaigs umaineue`rns y traigo`s g pnegs be`mhue`rns. Egs pnegs be`mhue`rns punhnm gjsnrv`rsn igog beàmhue`s sásaens, pnqunðgs traigo`s be`mhue`rns peuraineue`rns (igm pan y i`jnzune`). 823
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Nms`ygs prnsumtavgs. Yn tr`t` hn rn`iiagmns prnsumtav`s `hniu`h`s p`r` rn`eaz`rsn nm tnrrnmg, hn o`mnr` hn pghnr hnsi`rt`r ―` pragra‟ ne nst`r nm prnsnmia` hn o`tnra`e prgvnmanmtn hn I`mm`jas. Zn`iiaùm igm C`st Jeun4 Jeun4 E` rn`iiaùm sn cumh`onmt` nm e` rn`iiaùm hn igpue`iaùm hn egs i`m`jamgahns igm C`st Jeun J cgro`mhg um igopunstg hn igegr pôrpur` amtnmsg. Yn utaeaz`m hgs p`pnens hn caetrg hn o`mnr` hn rntnmnr nm ne praonrg igopunstgs cnmùeaigs qun sn nmiunmtr`m nm I`mm`jas y qun amtnrcanrnm igm e` rn`iiaùm prghuianmh prghuianmhg g c`esgs pgsatavgs. Igm hgs p`pnens hn caetrg sn cgro` um nojuhg rn`eaz`mhg iu`trg hgjenins nm cgro` `hniu`h`. Yn igegi` um` pnqunð` i`mtah`h puevnraz`h` hn e` pe`mt` g rnsam` nm ne inmtrg hne p`pne. Yn `ð`hnm hgs bgt`s hn átnr hn pntrùeng hn oghg qun pnmntrnm nm ne p`pne hn caetrg amcnragr, hnd`mhg sni`r ne p`pne hn caetrg amcnragr. Yn hnpgsat` um` pnqunð` i`mtah`h hn C`st Jeun J sùeahg nm ne inmtrg hne p`pne amcnragr. Yn `ð`hnm hgs bgt`s hn `bu` `e rn`itavg y sn nxtanmhn e` onzie` sgjrn ne p`pne igm p`pne igm um` nspàtue`. Ya `p`rnin um igegr pôrpur`, sn nstà nm prnsnmia` hn i`m`jamgahns. Yn rnigoanmh` mg us`r ne rn`itavg nm nxinsg p`r` nvat`r ne `o`rrgm`oan `o`rrgm`oanmtg mtg hn e` o`mik`. Nms`yg hn Huqunmgas-Envamn4 Huqunmgas-Envamn4
E` prunj` punhn rn`eaz`rsn sgjrn o`tnra`e puevnraz`hg g sgjrn su nxtr`itg. Nstn sn gjtanmn hn e` sabuanmtn cgro`4 066 ob hn ounstr` sn nxtr`nm igm átnr hn pntrùeng. Caetr`r y nv`pgr`r nm iàpsue` k`st` snqunh`h. Yn igegi` um` pnqunð` i`mtah`h hne o`tnra`e sgspnikgsg g su nxtr`itg. Yn `brnb`m : oe hne rn`itavg prnp`r`hg igm `int`ehnkahg y v`amaeeam` nm nt`mge `e 1> % `bat`mhg 0 oamutg. Yn `ð`hnm eunbg : oe hn KIe igmintr`hg pgr egs jgrhns hne tujg, hnd`mhg nm rnpgsg hur`mtn 06 oamutgs. Nm prnsnmia` hn i`m`jamgahns `p`rnin nm e` amtnrc`sn um` b`o` hn igegrns4 vnrhn, `zue y vagent`. Vunhn nxtr`nrsn nm c`sn iegrgcùroai` gjsnrvàmhgsn igegr vagent`. 822
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm i`p` hneb`h`. hneb`h`. Xanmn pgr gjdntg pgmnr hn o`macanstg egs igopgmnmtns i`m`jamgahns oàs aopgrt`mtns4 IJH, XKI y IJM. E` sanojr` sn k`in ` p`rtar hn um nxtr`itg gjtnmahg igm ne igmt`itg hn um` kgr` hne o`tnra`e igm `int`tg hn ntaeg qun eunbg sn igminmtr` pgr i`enmt`oanmtg nm j`ðg o`rï`. Igog c`sn nst`iagm`ra` sn utaeaz` Yïeai` Bne B igm amhai`hgr hn ceugrnsinmia` ` :>8 mo. Znspnitg ` e` c`sn oùvae sn k`m prgpunstg ouik`s onzie`s hn e`s iu`ens hgs qun gcrninm rnsuet`hgs s`tasc`itgrags sgm átnr hn pntrùeng4 átnr ntïeaig ;64:6 y jnminmg4 mknx`mg4 hantae`oam` (2>4964>). Igog c`sn oùvae sn utaeaz`rà um` onzie` `int`tg hn ntaeg4 ont`mge4 `ogmï`ig 164064AA. Ne `bnmtn rnvne`hgr ns C`st Jeun J nm `bu` hnstae`h` `e 0 % y pgstnragr nxpgsaiaùm ` v`pgrns hn `ogmï`ig. Nstn rnvne`hgr tanmn um eïoatn hn hntniiaùm hn `prgxao`h`onmtn `prgxao`h`on mtn 6,> ¾b.
Hntniiaùm hn prghuitgs i`màjaigs nm s`mbrn. s`mbrn. @ebumgs amvnstab`hgrns amvnstab`hgrns k`m amcgro` amcgro`hg hg e` hacaiuet`h hn gjtnmnr oun ounstr`s str`s hn s`mbrn hn sudntgs cuo`hgrns y` qun egs oasogs nvat`m snr ahnmtacai`hgs. Nm egs i`sgs nm qun nstg ns pgsajen sn prginhn hn e` sabuanmtn o`mnr`4 Xáimai`4
@ >,6 oe hn s`mbrn tgt`e sn `haiagm` 0,6 oe hn àiahg traiegrg`iátaig `e 06 % eunbg sn `brnb` 06 oe hn m-knx`mg y hnspuás hn `bat`iaùm hur`mtn v`rags oamutgs sn i`eanmt` ` rnceudg hur`mtn 96 oamutgs. Hnd`r nmcra`r, inmtracub`r, snp`r`r y rnsnrv`r e` i`p` grbàmai`. Igm ne rnstg sn rn`eaz` um` snbumh` nxtr`iiaùm utaeaz`mhg ne oasog vgeuonm hn sgevnmtn. E`s hgs cr`iiagmns grbàmai`s rnumah`s sn e`v`m igm 06 oe hn sgeuiaùm `iugs` s`tur`h` hn M`Ie, sn sni`m igm suec`tg hn sghag `mkahrg, sn igminmtr`m ` prnsaùm rnhuiah` k`st` gjtnmnr um vgeuonm `prgxao`hg hn 6,> oe.
82;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
E` igminmtr`iaùm hnjn rn`eaz`rsn ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn p`r` rnhuiar e` párhah` hn igopunstgs vgeàtaens. Ygjrn ne nxtr`itg cam`e sn ncnitu`m nms`ygs irgo`tgbràcaigs nm i`p` hneb`h` g IBE.
Irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs` (IB-CAH). Ns utaeaz`h` cumh`onmt`eonmtn igm camns iu`mtat`tavgs. E`s igmhaiagmns hn tr`j`dg punhnm rnsuoarsn ` igmtamu`iaù igmtamu`iaùm4 m4 Hntnitgr Igeuom`
CAH (agmaz`iaùm hn ee`o`) K:4 96 oe/oam, `arn 966 ’ 8>6 oe/oam : o, h.a. (: ’ 8) o
Zneenmg
9 % GS ’ 02, YN ’ 96, GS ’0
B`s pgrt`hgr
M:` 96 oe/oam.
Igmhaiagmns hn tr`j`dg4 Xnopnr`tur` amynitgr4 :26 I¶ Xnop. Kgrmg4 asgtároai` :86 ’ :36 I¶ V`trùm amtnrmg4 m-tntr`hni`mg m-tntr`hni`mg,, tntr`igs`mg.
I`m`jamgahns nm s`eav`
K`st` kgy mg sn k` nmigmtr`hg um` igrrne`iaùm nmtrn e` igminmtr`iaùm pe`soàtai` hn XKI nm s`mbrn y s`eav`. Vnsn ` neeg, sn k`m gjsnrv`hg mavnens saoae`rns g supnragrns hn XKI nm s`eav` rnspnitg `e pe`so` hn amhavahugs cuo`hgrns hn o`raku`m`. Yn subanrn qun e`s igminmtr`iagmns igminmtr`iagm ns hn XKI amcgro`h`s nm s`eav` prgvanmnm hn um `egd`oanmtg g sniunstrg hn e` oaso` nm e` i`vah`h jui`e hur`mtn ne cuo`hg. Ne rnsuet`hg pgsatavg nm nstn ceuahg pnroatn hntnit`r e` hrgb` psaig`itav` pgr um tanopg oàs prgegmb`hg qun nm s`mbrn. Ya janm mg sn tanmn br`m amcgro`iaùm `inri` hn egs ont`jgeatgs hn i`m`jamgahns nm s`eav`, sn nstao` qun ne hnrav`hg i`rjgxae`hg punhn prgvnmar hne oasog `itg hn cuo`hg g janm hne ont`jgeasog jui`e. Vgr gtr` p`rtn, sn k` gjsnrv`hg 821
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
qun e` ambnstaùm hn `eaonmtgs y jnjah`s igoumns mg amtnrcanrnm nm e` hntniiaùm hn i`m`jamgahnss nm s`eav`. i`m`jamgahn
I`m`jamgahns nm gram`. Ns ne onhag qun pnroatn hntnit`r nstgs igopunstgs pgr um tanopg oàs prgegmb`hg (> ` :6 ha`s) hnpnmhanmhg hn e` hgsas y crniunmia` hn usg. Igog rnsuet`hg hn e` jagtr`mscgro`iaùm gpnr`h` nm ne kïb`hg, ne XKI ns igmvnrtahg, ` tr`vás hn v`rags amtnronha`rags, amtnronha`rag s, nm 00-mgr- 1- θ-XKI i`rjgxïeaig nm gram`. @itu`eonmtn sn utaeaz`m tar`s rn`itav`s g pe`i`s igonria`ens j`s`h`s nm táimai` amoumgeùbai`. Ne rnsuet`hg pgsatavg hnjn snr igmcaro`hg onha`mtn um oátghg `m`eïtaig amhnpnmhanmtn. Hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun egs v`egrns hn igrtn p`r` nst`s nstruitur`s sn k`ee`m nm ne grhnm hn egs m`mgbr`ogs, pgr eg qun sn hnjnm nxtrno`r egs iuah`hgs nm e` c`sn hn `ase`oanmtg iu`mhg sn hnjn igmcaro`r ne rnsuet`hg gjtnmahg pgr e` vï` hne nms`yg prneaoam`r. prneaoam`r. Xáimai`4 Igegi`r >,6 oe hn gram` nm tujg hn inmtrïcub` hn 0> oe. @haiagm`r 6,> oe hn sgeuiaùm hn KGM` 0 M. Amiuj`r nm j`ðg hn `bu` ` >6 ’ 36 I¶ hur`mtn 0> oamutgs. Nmcra`r y `iahacai`r igm KIe 0M. @brnb`r > oe hn m-knx`mg `bat`mhg su`vnonmtn hur`mtn :6 oamutgs. Inmtracub`r ` 0666 b hur`mtn > oamutgs. Xr`mscnrar e` c`sn grbàmai` igm e` `yuh` hn um` papnt` V`stnur ` gtrg tujg y nv`pgr`r ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn onha`mtn igrranmtn hn `arn
snig. Znsuspnmhnr ne rnsahug igm 9-8 bgt`s hn um` onzie` hn iegrgcgrog-ont`mge (940) y snojr`r nm pe`i`s irgo`tgbràcai`s hn `et` rnsgeuiaùm (KVXEI) igmdumt`onmtn igm egs rnspnitavgs p`trgmns. Hns`rrgee`r igm ne sastno` m-knpt`mg4m-jut`mge4 àiahg `iátaig be`ia`e 164140 nm um` iuj` s`tur`h` hur`mtn 0> oamutgs. G janm Nne sastno` Ntnr Ntïeaig4 ntnr hn pntrgeng (:4;) Yni`r e` pe`i` ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn y rnvne`r rgia`mhg igm hantae`oam` snbuahg hne rn`itavg C`st Jeun JJ `e 6,0 % nm `bu`-ont`mge (140). Nspnr`r 06 oamutgs, gjsnrv`r y rgia`r munv`onmtn igm hantae`oam`.
8;6
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
BKJ (B`oo` kahrgxa jutar`tg) Ns um ncai`z `bnmtn hnprnsgr hne sastno` mnrvagsg inmtr`e n kapmùtaig, mg gjst`mtn su j`d` pgtnmia`. @ pns`r hn su nsi`s` `peai`iaùm nm tnr`pnôtai`, sn eg nstà utaeaz`mhg nm e` `itu`eah`h igog hrgb` gjdntg hn usg amhnjahg. Igog hrgb` hn `jusg ns `snquajen nm cgro` sùeah` g eïquah`. @ pramiapag hn :666 e` igoumah`h ianmtïcai` igonmzù ` prnst`r `tnmiaùm nm nst` hrgb`, qun sn k` pgpue`raz`hg ràpah`onmtn, pramiap`eonmtn pramiap`eonmtn nm Nurgp` y Nst`hgs ^mahgs. K`st` kgy nm munstrg p`ïs su igmsuog k` sahg nsi`sg.
Ne BKJ ns us`hg pgr cåsaig-iueturast`s igog `etnrm`tav` ` egs nstnrgahns `m`jùeaigs igm ne gjdntg hn `uonmt`r e` o`s` ousiue`r. Gtrgs eg utaeaz`m nm iariumst`mia`s rnirn`iagm`ens pgr egs igoprgj`hgs ncnitgs hn nucgra`, hnskamajaiaùm y snh`iaùm. Ne oni`masog hn `iiaùm mg k` sahg haeuiah`hg igopent`o igopent`onmtn nmtn k`st` kgy, sa noj`rbg sn s`jn qun `tr`vans` ràpah`onmtn e` j`rrnr` kno`tgnmincàeai` kno`tgnmincàeai`.. @ebumgs amvnstab`hgrns sn nmiunmtr`m nstuha`mhg nm e` `itu`eah`h su pgsajen `iiaùm mnurgtr`msoasgr` y/g
mnurgoghue`hgr`. mnurgoghue` hgr`. Yn `inpt` qun `etnr` e` `itavah`h hgp`oamárbai hgp`oamárbai`, `, hnpnmhanmhg hn e` hgsas amigrpgr`h`. E` tgxaiah`h hne BKJ sn i`r`itnraz` pgr m`usn`s, vùoatgs, suhgr`iaùm prgcus`, amigmtamnmia`,, hasturjags vasu`ens, `t`xa`, jr`hai`rha`, kapgtnmsaù amigmtamnmia` kapgtnmsaùm< m< rnspgmhanmhg `sï ` egs ieàsaigs ncnitgs igeamárbaigs. E` hnprnsaùm rnspar`tgra` punhn punhn snr snvnr` `e abu`e qun ne br`hg hn amigmianmia`< nstg hnpnmhnr` hn e` rnspunst` p`rtaiue`r hne amhavahug. E`s rnspunst`s hnentnrn`s v`rï`m snbôm e` susinptajaeah`h hne amhavahug. K`y quanmns igm hgsas hn 06 ob/Lb prnsnmt`m `omnsa` n kapgtgmï`< gtrgs rnquanrnm o`ygrns hgsas. Nm bnmnr`e e` nucgra` sn `hquanrn igm hgsas `prgxao`h`s ` egs :> ob/Lb. Yn k` amcgro`hg qun e` amigrpgr`iaùm hn 36 ob/Lb g oàs k` prgvgi`hg igo` n amigmianmia` pnro`mnmt pnro`mnmtn n qun `p`rnin ` egs 96-86 oamutgs hn amigrpgr`h` e` hrgb`. 8;0
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Egs ncnitgs hne BKJ `p`rninm nm bnmnr`e ` egs 06 oamutgs y ne paig oàxaog nm pe`so` `p`r`nin nmtrn :6-8> oamutgs. Egs ncnitgs hur`m nmtrn :-> kgr`s `umqun hnpnmhnm hn e` hgsas. Amigrpgr`iaùm hn igminmtr`iagmns igminmtr`iagmns `et`s punhnm eenv`r ne ncnitg ` 3 kgr`s hn hur`iaùm. Bnmnr`eonmtn prgvgi`m tgenr`mia` igm ne usg igmsuntuham igmsuntuham`rag. `rag.
Neaoam`iaùm hn BKJ Eunbg hn um` hgsas amtr`vnmgs` ne BKJ sabun um` neaoam`iaùm hn grhnm ―6, pgr eg qun mg tanmn nm rn`eah`h um` vah` onha` y pgr t`mtg ne tanopg rnqunrahg p`r` neaoam`r e` oat`h hn um` hgsas sn amirnonmt` igm e` hgsas igmsuoah`. Bnmnr`eonmtn sn nenaoam` ràpah`onmtn, k`ianmhgsn amhntnit`jen nm pe`so` ` e`s ; kgr`s y nm gram` ` e`s 0: kgr`s (Kgns nt `e, 01;6). @ igmtamu`iaùm punhnm punhnm gjsn gjsnrv`rsn rv`rsn egs rnsuet` rnsuet`hgs hgs k`ee`hg k`ee`hgss pgr Lamtz, :66> :66>.. @quï mgt`ogs qun ne `utgr hntnit` k`st` e`s 3 kgr`s BKJ nm s`m s`mbrn, brn, oanmtr`s qun nm gram` nmiunmtr` nmiunmtr` v`egrns igmsahnr`jens igmsahnr`jens k`st` e`s trns kgr`s y pràitai`onmtn amhntnit`jen ` p`rtar hn e`s 3 kgr`s.
Nxirniaùm hn BKJ nm s`mbrn (Lamtz, :66>) ob/e ob/e 036 036 086 086 0:6 0:6
066 066 ;6 ;6 36 36 86 86 :6 :6 66
oam oam
:6 :6
96 96
86 86
36 36
16 16
086 086
0;6 0;6
:06 :06
:86 :86
:26 :26
966 966
Nxirniaùm hn BKJ nm gram` (Lamtz, :66>)
8;:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
ob/e ob/e 06666 06666
8666 8666
ob/e 866 9>6 966 :>6 :66 0>6 066
:666 :666
>6 6
;666 ;666 3666 3666
66
kgurs kgurs
00
::
99
88
>>
>
33
3
22
2
;
;;
1
11
@m`eïtai` tgxaigeùbai` Ne BKJ ns um` ogeáiue` pge`r hn ouy hacïiae `ase`oanmtg hnshn egs tndahgs g kuogrns. @ebumgs `utgrns prncanrnm nxtr`nre` igog jutarge`itgm jutarge`itgm` ` (BJE) `dust`mhg ne pK y pgstnragronmtn hnrav`tazàmhge` hnrav`tazàmhge` p`r` ne `màeasas onha`mtn BI-CAH g BI-OY. Ne oátghg qun nxpgmnogs ` igmtamu`iaùm mg rnquanrn e` igmvnrsaùm ` BJE y sn hnrav`taz` quïoai`onmtn pgr saeae`iaùm. Nxtr`iiaùm hn BKJ nm gram` onha`mtn táimai` YVN (Xnenpik`l ( Xnenpik`l nt `e, :668) :668) 0. Yn tgo`m :66 ¾e hn gram`, `brnb`mhg `brnb`mhg ne nstàmh nstàmh`r `r amtnrmg (BKJ-h3) y 066 ¾e hn juccnr cgsc`tg 6.0 O< pK 3.6. Onzie Onzie`r `r y `peai`r nm Sgrtnx. :. ^taeaz`r igeu igeuom` om` YVN igm sgrjnmtn IE IEN@M N@M YIZNNM TYBKJ6:6, igmtn igmtnmanmhg manmhg :6 :66 6
ob hn p`rtïiue`s hn sïeai` hn c`sn umah`. 9. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn `peai` 9 oe hn ont`mge p.`, snbuahg hn 9 oe hn `bu` hnagmaz`h` y g.> oe hn juccnr cgsc`tg. 8. Amtrghuiar e` ounstr` nm n nee i`rtuikg peàstaig hne sgrjnmtn y ig igonmz`r onmz`r e` `spar`iaùm j`dg ne sastno` hn iào`r` hn prnsaùm. Xgo`r e` ounstr` caetr`h` c aetr`h` nm tujgs `hniu`hgs hnmtrg hn e` iào`r`. >. E`v`r e` igeuom` igm um` onzie` h hn n ont`mge ont`mge-`ogmï`ig(1140 -`ogmï`ig(1140)) 3. Nv`pgr`r ` 36¶I g igm igrranmt igrranmtn n hn matrùbnmg. 2. @brnb`r :66¾e hn haontaecgro`oah` y 0 oe hn knx`mg s`tur`hg igm haontaecgro`oah`, onzie`r pgr amvnrsaùm hur`mtn > oam. Inmtracub`r ` 9666 rpo 8;9
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Xr`mscnrar e` i`p` amcnragr hn haontaecgro`oah` ` um tujg eaopag. ;. Nv`pgr`r ` >6¶I utaeaz`mhg igrranmtn hn `arn g matrùbnmg. 1. @brnb`r 066¾e hn `int`tg hn ntaeg + 066¾e hn JYXC@ (igm 0% XOIY). Onzie`r g `bat`r nm vgrtnx. Mg sn rnquanrn i`egr. 06. Amynit`r 0-: ¾e hn ounstr` nm ne amstruonmt`e BI. Agmns ogmatgrn`hgs BKJ-haXOY :99, :98, :9> BKJ-H3-haXOY4 :91, :86, :80 Igupnr & O`ramntta, :66: :66:,, igmsabm`m gtr`s ontghgeg ontghgegbï`s bï`s onha`m onha`mtn tn irgo`tgbr` irgo`tgbr`cï` cï` eïquah` hn `et` prnsaùm (KVEI), `hnoàs hn gtr`s táimai`s t áimai`s nm irgo`tgbr`cï` b`sngs`. Amtnrprnt`iaùm hn rnsuet`hgs4 rnsuet`hgs4 Hnjn tnmnrsn br`m prni`uiaùm nm e` amtnrprnt`iaùm hn egs k`ee`zbgs hn e`jgr`tgrag e`jgr`tgrag,, y` qun nstn ns prghuiahg nm cgro` nmhùbnm` pgstogrtno< oàs `ôm sa nxastaù sgjrnvah` eunbg hn e` ambnst` hn BKJ qun punhnm `rrgd`r igminmtr`iagmns saoae`rns ` e`s prghuiah`s eunbg hne ùjatg. Nm nstn i`sg e` havnrsah`h hn o`trains jageùbai`s rnigenit`h`s punhn `yuh`r ` e` amtnrprnt`iaùm (pgr ndnopeg4 kuogr vïtrng, eïquahg inc`egrr`quahng inc`egrr`quahng y gram`). H`tgs `pgrt`hgs pgr amvnstab`hgrns sgjrn mavnens hn BKJ nm grb`mgs g kuogrns hn amhavahugs mg nxpunstgs ` BKJ punhnm c`iaeat`r e` amtnrprnt`iaùm (ndnopeg4 nm kuogr vïtrng sn k` amcgro`hg mavnens hn 0-3 ob/E nm gikg i`sgs pgstogrtno). Vgr ôetaog k`inogs ka kami`paá mi`paá nm e` prnsnrv` prnsnrv`iaùm iaùm hne n nspiaonm spiaonm ` tnopnr`tur` tnopnr`tur`ss onmgrns ` egs 6´I y ne nmvïg urbnmtn hne o`tnra`e `e e`jgr`tgrag nm i`sg hn sgspnik` hn igmsuog hn
BKJ.
HNXNZOAM@IAÙM HN @MCNX@OAM@Y Q HNZAS@HGY @MCNX@OAMAIGY HN @MAEEG Y^YXAX^ÏHG
8;8
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Nm munstrg onhag egs igopunstgs `mcnt`oïmaigs mg igmstatuynm e`s hrgb`s hn `jusg hn o`ygr igmsuog. Yam noj`rbg sn k` amcgro`hg um amirnonmtg hn vgeuonmns ami`ut`hgs ` p`rtar hn egs `ðgs 16. Hnmtrg hn egs havnrsgs igopunstgs hn e` c`oaea`, egs hnrav`hgs `mcnt`oïmaigs hn `maeeg sustatuïhg sgm egs qun oàs sn utaeaz`m, pgr ndnopeg ne áxt`sas (ontaenmhagxa (ontaenmhagxaont`mcnt`oam`). ont`mcnt`oam`). H`h` e` nmtr`h` nm vabnmia` hn e` eny hn hnscnhnr`eaz`iaùm hn hrgb`s k`ia` camns hn :66>, ns prnsuoajen qun egs e`jgr`tgrags g b`jamntns pgeaia`ens y/g duhaia`ens hn e`s prgvamia`s qun `hkaranrgm ` e` eny sn vn`m nxabahgs ` aopgmnr um` ontghgegbï` hn r`strng p`r` nstn tapg hn sust`mia`s. E` sabuanmtn táimai` k` sahg nms`y`h` igm áxatg pgr egs `utgrns. Irgo`tgbr`cï` nm pe`i` hneb`h` (XEI) Ounstr`s4 s`mbrn, gram` y tndahgs tndahgs Oátghg hn `ase`oanmtg4 Nxtr`iiaùm nm c`sn sùeah` (YVN) igm sïeai` hn c`sn umah` I-0; g igpgeaoárai`ss oax g nxtr`iiaùm igm igeuom`s rneenm`s hn tapg Nxtrneut. igpgeaoárai` C`sn nst`iagm`ra`4 nst`iagm`ra`4 Yaeai`bne B igm amhai`hgr hn ceugrnsinmia` C :>8. C`sn Oùvae4 @int`tg hn ntaeg-ont`mge-`ogmï` ntaeg-ont`mge-`ogmï`ig ig (;>4064>) Nstàmh`rns44 hn havnrsgs `mcnt`oïmaigs nm igminmtr`iagmns hn > ub/uE Nstàmh`rns Znvne`hg44 Yniunmia`e hne sabuanmtn oghg4 Znvne`hg `) C`st Je`il L ( 06 ob/066oe, hasunetg nm `bu` hnstae`h`) j) Ygeuiaùm hn àiahg iegrkïhraig `e 96%(v/v). i) Aghgpe`tam`tg hn pgt`sag `iahacai`hg @spnrd`r igm e` sgeuiaùm sgeuiaùm `) gj gjsnrv`mhg snrv`mhg e` igeg igegr`iaùm r`iaùm hn e` e`ss oàiue`s. Eunb Eunbg g i`eanmtnsn e` pe`i` nm nstuc` ` ;6¶I umgs > oamutgs. @ igmtamu`iaùm sn `spnrd` igm sgeuiaùm hn KIe `e 96%. Gjsnrv`r ne
i`ojag hn igegr`iaùm y/g hns`p`raiaùm hn e` oàiue`.Igegi`r e` pe`i` nm nstuc` g pe`mik` i`enc`itgr` ` ;6¶I pgr > oamutgs. Cam`eonmtn sn rgiï` igm sgeuiaùm hn Aghgpe`tam`tg hn pgt`sag, gjsnrv`mhg e` igegr`iaùm hn e`s oàiue`s. Ne rnsuet`hg sn rnsuon nm e` sabuanmtn t`je`4
Hrgb` hn `jusg
Zc
C`st Je`il L
KIe 96%
Aghgpe`t.hn pgt`sag
@mcnt`oam` Ont`mcnt`oam`
6.>: 6.83
Zgdg M`r`md`
M`r`md` Hns`p`rnin igegr
Zgdazg s/cgmhg s/cgmhg `zue Bras s/ cgmhg `zue
Onsi`eam`
6.96
Zgdg
M`r`md`
Bras `zue`hg
Ontaecnmah`tg
6.22
M`r`md`
Hns`p`rnin igegr
Bras
8;>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
OHO@ (áxt`sas)
6.86
Vôrpur`
@tnmu`hg
Bras
Cnmontr`iam`
6.>>
M`r`md`
Hns`p`rnin igegr
Yam igegr
Jajeagbr`cï`. Cnrr`ra, Euas @, Amcgron sgjrn Ahnmtacai`iaùm y `màeasas hn hrgb`s hn usg amhnjahg, Havasaùm M`riùtaigs, M`iagmns ^mah`s, pp. 06-9>8, 01;1.
Cgrnmsai `mh ieamai`e `ppeai`tagms gc sgeah pk`sn nxtr`itagm. O.Xnenpik`l, X.C.@ubust `mh B Ik`mny (Nhs.) Kuo`m` prnss, pp.10-12, :668. Lamtz, V. Xnstamb cgr ` mabkto`rn gr BKJ. Vrginnhambs Carst Ygutk`onrai`m Znbagm`e Znbagm`e XA@CX onntamb. E` Ve`t`, @rbnmtam`, :66>. Ypamneea N., Yaev` G. @., Znv. Jr`saenar` hn Xgxaigegbï` Xgxaigegbï` ; (:), :0-:;, 011>. Ie`rln‑s `m`eysas gc hrubs `mh pgasgms. Rahhgp, Ogcc`t, Gssnetgm Nhs. Xkn Vk`ro`inutai`e Vrnss, :668. Yiknurnr, I. nt `e, YVN gc Hrubs crgo jagegbai`e tassuns. @ Znvanw. D. @m`e. Xgxaigegby, 0119.
I`rhgm` V.Y, Ik`turvnha @.L, Ygpnr D.R `mh I`mcaneh, H.S Yaouet`mngus `m`eysns gc igi`amn, igi`ntkyenmn `mh tknar pgssajen ont`jgeai `mh pyrgeytai prghuits. Cgrnmsai Yia. Amt. 0>2 (0) 83->3, :663 Luzo`il, D. Xkn usn gc igpgeaonrai pk`sns tg nmk`min rnigvnry `mh snenitavaty am YVN. Rgreh Rahn Ogmatgramb, 011;. YVN Ikggsamb tkn jnst sgrjnmts. Xkn snp`r`tagm Xaons. Sge. 9 M¶ 9, 01;2.
8;3
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Nxtrneut, Munvg prginhaoanmtg p`r` e` nxtr`iiaùm hn sust`mia`s eapùcae`s. Ha`bmùstai` Onril.011: Igupnr, C.D & O`ramntta, E.D. B`oo` Kyhrgxyjutar`tn- Nccnits gm kuo`m pnrcgro`min `mh jnk`vagur. Cgrnmsai Yia. Znv. 08, 060-001, :66: J`snet, Z. Haspgsatagm gc tgxai hrubs `mh iknoai`es am o`m. 3 Iaty, :66:.
Xk
. Nh. Jagonh. Vujeask, Cgstnr
I`pïtueg 02 8;2
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Nspnitrgcgtgontrï`
hn
@jsgriaùm
@tùoai`
nm
Xgxaigegbï`. @utgr4 Eai. I`regs K. K. Ige`mbneg. Vnratg hne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï` y Pi`. Enb`e hn e` @snsgrï` hn Xrajum`ens hnpnmhanmtn hne Vghnr Duhaia`e hn e` Vrgvamia` hn Junmgs @arns.
Amtrghuiiaùm. Nm nstn i`patueg sn igonmt`rà e` `peai`iaùm hn e` nspnitrgcgtgontrï` hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai` oàs aopgrt`mtns nm ne àrn` hn e` Xgxaigegbï` Cgrnmsn, @ojanmt`e, Ieïmai` y E`jgr`e qun pnrtnmninm `e nspnitrg hn nxpnranmia` `hquarah` nm e` `itavah`h prgcnsagm`e. Mg sn nmtr`r` nm e` hnsirapiaùm hn egs pramiapags hn e` táimai` amstruonmt`e, sgjrn e` iu`e k`y ammuonr`jens rncnrnmia`s jajeagbràcai`s (0) (:) (9) (8). Jàsai`onmtn nstn oátghg igmsastn nm e` onhaiaùm hn e`s nspnians `tùoai`s pgr su `jsgriaùm ` um` egmbatuh hn gmh` p`rtaiue`r. E` nspnian `tùoai` sn egbr` pgr `tgoaz`iaùm hn e` ounstr`, sanmhg egs hastamtgs prginhaoanmtgs utaeaz`hgs p`r` eenb`r `e nst`hg cumh`onmt`e hne àtgog eg qun hacnrnmia` e`s táimai`s y `iinsgrags utaeaz`hgs.
E` @jsgriaùm @tùoai` ns i`p`z hn hntnit`r y hntnroam`r iu`mtat`tav`onmtn e` o`ygrï` hn egs nenonmtgs hne Yastno` Vnraùhaig. Yus i`opgs hn `peai`iaùm sgm, pgr t`mtg, ouy havnrsgs. Yn nopen` nm4 Àrn` Onhag`ojanmt`e, Bngquïoai`, Xgxaigegbï`, Ont`eurba`, @eaonmtg eaonmtgs, s, @m @màeas àeasas as I Ieïma eïmaigs, igs, nti.
Ahn`e p`r` v`rags i`opgs4 Onhag `ojanmtn4 `ojanmtn4 @bu` hne o`r, rïg y igrranmtn, rnsahu`e. Yunegs. Ynhaonmtgs. Ont`ens, snoaigmhuitgrns, inràoaigs4 Ont`ens, oamnr`e, vahrag y inràoaigs,
8;;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Vntrùeng, Igopunstgs quïoaigs, Vgeïonrgs4 Vgeïonrgs4-- Vntrùeng, ùeng, i`t`eaz`hgr, prghuitgs samtátaigs, `eaonmtgs. Oáhaig, Jageùbaig, C`ro`iáutaig4 C`ro`iáutaig4 Y`mbrn,
grb`masogs
jageùbaigs,
pe`mt`s,
onhai`onmtgs Amhustra` `eaonmtaia`, Amhustra` pntrgquïoai`, nti. nti. Nm e` cabur` 02.0 sn punhn gjsnrv`r um nquapg hn egs t`mtgs qun nxastnm nm ne onri`hg hn nspnitrgcgtgontrï` hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai`4
Cabur` M´ 02.0 Egs igopgmnmtns hn nstgs nquapgs , qun v`rï`m snbôm egs oghnegs , nmtrn egs qun pghnogs onmiagm`r 4
• Ee`o` ( `arn/`intaenmg y matrgsg/`intaenmg )
• Kgrmg hn Br`catg Kahrurgs / S`pgr Crïg p`r` e` hntnroa hntnroam`iaùm m`iaùm hn onriurag • Bnmnr`hgr hn Kahrurgs igm egs iu`ens sn punhnm rn`eaz`r e` br`m vnrs`taeah`h hn `màeasas qun nst` táimai` pnroatn.
8;1
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Cabur` M´ 02.:
Cabur` M´ 02.9
Nm tgh`s nst`s táimai`s hn @jsgriaùm .@tùoai` sn prghuin e` `jsgriaùm hn nmnrbï` hn egmbatuh hn gmh` `hniu`h` y um` iu`mtacai`iaùm saoae`r pgr ne sastno` ùptaig y nenitrùmaig hne nspnitrgcùontrg `e qun sn nmiunmtr` `hgs`hg ne `iinsgrag igrrnspgmhanmtn, g sn` mnjueaz`hgr / quno`hgr nm ee`o`, kgrmg hn br`catg ù bnmnr`hgr hn kahrurgs / v`pgr crïg. Xgh`s e`s ontghgegbï`s iat`h`s sgm ouy vnrsàtaens y igmt`mhg igm v`ranh`h hn eàop`r`s, pnroatn `jgrh`r egs hacnrnmtns i`opgs `m`eïtaigs. E` Nspnitrgcgtgontrï` hn @jsgriaùm @tùoai` ns um` táimai` ouy vnrsàtae, y` qun ns i`p`z hn `m`eaz`r iu`equanr ounstr` qun sn nmiunmtrn nm hasgeuiaùm g qun onha`mtn um oátghg u gtrg sn` c`itajen hn hasgevnrsn Xáimai` igm ee`o`4
E` táimai` hn `tgoaz`iaùm oàs us`h` ns igm ee`o`, qun mnjueaz` e` ounstr` y eunbg e` hasnoam` nm cgro` hn `nrgsge hnmtrg hn um` ee`o` hn `arn `intaenmg u ùxahg matrgsg-`intaenmg, hgmhn e` sneniiaùm hn nst` hnpnmhnrà hn e` m`tur`enz` hne `m`eatg ` hntnroam`r .@hnoàs pgr su
i`ràitnr hn utaeaz`r e` ounstr` qun hnjn mnjueaz`rsn mgs nst` k`je`mhg qun e` oaso` hnjn nmigmtr`rsn nm sgeuiaùm. Znspnitg hn e`s ee`o`s hnjn rnigrh`rsn qun ns aopgrt`mtn ne grhnm hn e` utaeaz`iaùm hn egs b`sns amtnrvamanmtns nm i`h` p`r hn `quneegs p`r` nvat`r nxpegsagmns Kgrmg hn br`catg 4
Gtr` táimai` hn `tgoaz`iaùm ns e` nenitrgtároai`, qun utaeaz` ne kgrmg hn br`catg igog `iinsgrag. Ne oátghg igmsastn nm igegi`r e` ounstr` haeuah` hnmtrg hn um tujg hn br`catg, qun eunbg ns i`enmt`hg igm um` rnsastnmia` neáitrai` p`s`mhg pgr hastamtgs amtnrv`egs hn tnopnr`tur` p`r` sni`r, i`eiam`r y cam`eonmtn `tgoaz`r e` ounstr` nm ne r`mbg ::66 -:266 ´I. 816
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@e tr`j`d`r tr`j`d`r ig igm m mavn mavnens ens hn hn hntnii tniiaùm aùm nm ne gr grhnm hnm hn e` e`ss ppj (p` (p`rtns rtns pg pgrr jaeeù jaeeùm m ) (ub/e) ns aoprnsiamhajen um` nsirupuegs` hnigmt`oam`iaùm hne tghg ne o`tnra`e nopen`hg y um nxtrnog iuah`hg hn e` pueiratuh `m`eïtai` nm tghgs egs `spnitgs hne prginsg `m`eïtaig. Nst` ogh`eah`h hn tr`j`dg ns o`s snmsajen hn hn e`s nspnitrgbràc nspnitrgbràcai`s, ai`s, igm eaoatns hn hntniiaùm hn 06 ` 066 vnins ondgrns qun egs gjtnmahgs igm ee`o` g e` nspnitrgsigpa` hn noasaùm hn pe`so` (AIV- @NY). E`s eaoat`iagmns hn nst` táimai` eg ns nm e`s amtnrcnrnmia`s nm ne `màeasas hn ounstr`s jageùbai`s , e`s iu`ens punhnm nvat`rsn g pgr eg onmgs igrrnbarsn us`mhg igrrnitgr hn cgmhg hn hnutnrag g Tnno`m. X`ojaám k` hn rniurrarsn `e usg hn oghacai`hgrns hn o`traz qun tr`scgro`m um igopunstg nm gtrg o`s vgeàtae qun punhn neaoam`rsn `mtns hn e` `tgoaz`iaùm. Mg gjst`mtn tghg eg onmiagm`hg , e` pramiap`e hnsvnmt`d` hn nst` táimai` ns qun sn tr`t` hn um` ontghgegbï` enmt` , h`hg qun rnquanrn hn v`rags oamutgs p`r` ncnitu`r um `màeasas.
Bnmnr`iaùm hn Kahrurgs . S`pgr Crag hn onriurag4 ^m` tnrinr ontghgegbï` hnmgoam`h` bnmnr`iaùm hn kahrurgs `prgvnik` e` iu`eah`h hn `ebumgs nenonmtgs t`ens igog `rsámaig, pegog, `mtaogmag, snenmag ,jasoutg y tneurg, hn cgro`r kahrurgs vgeàtaens j`dg um `ojanmtn rnhuitgr, egs qun um` vnz bnmnr`hgs nm igmhaiagmns nspnia`ens sgm tr`se`h`hgs pgr um b`s pgrt`hgr ` um` ineh` hn iu`rzg e` qun ns i`enmt`h` ` um` tnopnr`tur` gptaoaz`h` p`r` prghuiar e` `tgoaz`iaùm hne `m`eatg ` hgs`r. ^m` v`ra`mtn e`
igmstatuyn e` táimai` hn v`pgr crïg, qun `prgvnik` e` c`iuet`h hne onriurag hn noatar v`pgrns ogmg`tùoaigs ` tnopnr`tur` `ojanmtn (Cabur` 02.: ’ Bnmnr`hgr Kahrurgs / Cabur` 02.9 - S`pgr Crïg ). Habnstaùm hn e`s ounstr`s 4 E`s ounstr`s sùeah`s , snoasùeah`s g igm br`m i`mtah`h hn o`tnra`e nm suspnmsaùm y qun hnj`m `m`eaz`rsn sam e` snp`r`iaùm hn e`s c`sns, rnquanrnm tr`t`oanmtg àiahg nm igmhaiagmns qun `snburnm 4 qun egs `m`eatgs càiaeonmtn vgeàtaens mg sn panrh`m y qun e` rniupnr`iaùm sn` junm` . Ouik`s hn e`s táimai`s tr`haiagm`ens nxabnm habnstagmns pgr ne nsp`iag hn ouik`s kgr`s g amieusg hï`s hn tr`j`dg. E` `peai`iaùm hn egs habnstgrns hn 810
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
oairggmh`s `snbur`m
ne rnsbu`rhg hn e`s igmhaiagmns onmiagm`h`s `mtnragronmtn
igm
onmgrns tanopgs hn tr`j`dg , pnroatanmhg snbôm ne oghneg tr`j`d`r k`st` igm 0: ounstr`s saouetàmn`onmtn saouetàmn`onmt n . Nm e` cabur` 02.8 sn gjsnrv` um nquapg igonria`e habnstgr hn oairggmh`s .
Cabur` M´ 02.8
@peai`iagmns Bnmnr`ens `e i`opg hn e` Xgxaigegbï` Cgrnmsn, @ojanmt`e, Ieamai` y E`jgr`e.
81:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Hn hnsirajnm `ebum`s hn e`s ammuonr`jens `peai`iagmns hn e` táimai` nspnitrgcgtgontrï`
hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai` `e i`opg hn e` Xgxaigegbï`, havahaámhge` nm Cgrnmsn, @ojanmt`e, Ieïmai` y E`jgr`e (2) p`r` um hns`rrgeeg oàs grhnm`hg.
Xgxaigegbï` Cgrnmsn. Hnjn igmsahnr`rsn nm praonr tnroamg e`s igmhaiagmns hn e` tgo` hn ounstr`s , nm iu`mtg ` egs rniapanmtns hn rnigeniiaùm qun hnjnm nst`r pnrcnit`onmtn eaopags igm onzie` suecg - irùoai` y `bu` hnstae`h`. Egs t`pgmns hn bgo` hnjnm nvat`rsn p`rtaiue`ronmtn sa sn hntnroam` zami g igjrn, pgr ne `pgrtn qun egs oasogs punhnm igmtrajuar ` e` ounstr`. @saoasog hnjnm rnoatarsn sam mambôm tapg hn `brnb`hgs, sanmhg p`rtaiue`ronmtn aopgrt`mtn e` igmsnrv`iaùm nm crag , ôtae p`r` ne rnsbu`rhg hn e` ounstr` p`r` uetnragrns hntnroam`iagmns igog eg rnquanrn ne sirnnmamb tgxaigeùbaig hn rutam`. Gtr` `spnitg aopgrt`mtn ` tnmnr nm iunmt` ns e` vasigsah`h y tnmsaùm supnrcaia`e hn e`s ounstr`s jageùbai`s eaquah`s ` `m`eaz`r. Ne i`sg hn e` gram` ns um` o`traz snmiaee` y igm prgpanh`hns igog e`s onmiagm`h`s `mtnragronmtn ouy saoae`rns ` e` hne `bu`, pgr eg qun punhn `m`eaz`rsn harnit`onmtn. V`r` ne i`sg hn sunrg y hnpnmhanmhg hn egs nenonmtgs ` `m`eaz`r um` saopen haeuiaùm pghrï` snr sucaianmtn , pnrg nm i`mtah`hns tr`z`s punhn rniurrarsn ` oátghgs t`ens igog 4 `- Nxtr`iiaùm Nxt r`iiaùm igm igopendgs grbàmaigs (parrgeaham hatag i`rj`o`tg hn `ogmag)
y
pgstnragr nxtr`iiaùm igm sgevnmtns grbàmaigs (ontaeasgjutaei (ontaeasgjutaeintgm`, ntgm`, knpt`mghagm`,n knpt`mghagm`,nti ti ) prnvag `dustn hne pK , hn abu`e o`mnr` hnjnm tr`t`rsn egs nstàmh`rns p`r` su pgstnragr enitur` nm ne nquapg. Nm nstn i`sg hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun hnjn `dust`rsn ne `intaenmg hasoamuynmhg ne suoamastrg hne oasog nm e` ee`o` pgr e` igmtrajuiaùm hne sgevnmtn grbàmaig igog igojustajen. j- Neaoam`iaùm hn prgtnïm`s igm àiahg traiegrg`int traiegrg`intaig, aig,
Ya e` ounstr` nst` igmstatuah` pgr tndahgs , rnstgs hn ùrb`mgs , e` oaso` rnquanrn hn e` hnstruiiaùm hn e` o`tnra` grbàmai` pgr onhag hne ieàsaig oátghg suecg- mïtraig - pnrieùraig , 819
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
nmtnmhanmhg ne pneabrg qun rnprnsnmt` ne tr`j`d`r igm nstn uetaog igm um` o`traz hn e` m`tur`enz` onmiagm`h` `mtnragronmtn. @ egs camns iu`mtat`tavgs hnjn suo`rsn e` pns`h` hn e` ounstr`. Yn hntnroam`m rutam`ra`onmtn t`eag, `rsámaig , onriurag uram`rags, gtr`s o`trains y gtrgs havnrsgs nenonmtgs qun punhnm k`ee`rsn nm sust`mia`s hn càiae `ei`min hgoástaig y punhnm nvnmtu`eonmtn prghuiar `iiahnmtns g snr utaeaz`hgs pgr um usu`rag igm camns suaiah`s g iraoam`ens, pgr ndnopeg r`taiah`s, iur`snoaee`s, kgroabuaiah`s, cumbaiah`s, nti. Ouikgs hn egs nenonmtgs ontàeaigs sn nmiunmtr`m nm igminmtr`iagmns ouy j`d`s nm egs grb`masogs vavanmtns, ` oghg hn geabgnenonmtgs cumh`onmt`ens p`r` ne hns`rrgeeg hn e` vah`. Ouikgs hn nstgs nm igminmtr`iagmns supnragrns ` e`s rnqunrah`s pgr eg onmiagm`hg `mtnragronmtn sgm tùxaigs. Vgr supunstg qun e` ontghgegbï` ` nopen`r hnpnmhnrà hn e`s igminmtr`iagmns y hne tapg hn amtgxai`iaùm `i`niah` , `buh` g irùmai` . `rsámaig ns umg hn egs vnmnmgs amgrbàmaigs oàs igmgiahgs hnshn e` `mtabõnh`h y Ne `rsámaig umg hn egs ondgrns nstuha`hgs. Yu utaeaz`iaùm nst` rncnrnmia`h` ` hacnrnmtns camns 4 iraoam`ens g suaiah`s . X`ojaám punhn h`rsn ne i`sg hn amtgxai`iagmns `eaonmt`rï`s pgr igmcusaùm nm e` utaeaz`iaùm hn `ebumgs hn sus igopunstgs igog ne traùxahg hn `rsámaig. Xgh`s nstgs ndnopegs tanmnm nm igoôm igog vï` hn nmtr`h` e` b`strgamtnstam`e .
Ne i`sg hne `rsámaig `onrat` mg sgeg su `màeasas nm s`mbrn , samg t`ojaám nm cumiaùm hne tapg hn amtgxai`iaùm , hn pnegs g uð`s igm ne tr`t`oanmtg prnvag hn oamnr`eaz`iaù oamnr`eaz`iaùm m . @hnoàs e` egmbatuh hn gmh` hn tr`j`dg nst` satu`h` nm e` zgm` hne uetr`vagent` pgr eg qun e` ee`o`
`jsgrjnrà p`rtn hn e` r`ha`iaùm hn e` eàop`r` quatàmhgen snmsajaeah`h , pgr nsg ns igmvnmanmtn tr`j`d`r igm e` bnmnr`iaùm hn kahrurgs y e` pgstnragr hnsigopgsaiaùm tároai` hn e` `rsam` nm iào`r` hn iu`rzg p`r` grabam`r e` pgje`iaùm `tùoai` hn `rsámaig. @hnoàs e` ontghgegbï` pgr ee`o` mg ns snmsajen igm um eaoatn hn hntniiaùm nmtrn 6,6> ` 6,9 ob/eatrg , igm ee`o` hn gxahg matrgsg /`intaenmg. E` jajeagbr`cï` onmiagm` um` rne`iaùm hn : ` 0 sgjrn um tgt`e hn ::8 tr`j`dgs , e` utaeaz`iaùm hn e` bnmnr`iaùm hn kahrurgs rnspnitg ` kgrmg hn br`catg p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm hn `rsámaig, p`r` hacnrnmtns o`trains jageùbai`s. Nm rne`iaùm `e tr`t`oanmtg hn e`s ounstr`s jageùbai`s
p`r` su oamnr`eaz`iaùm sn
rnigoanmh` ne tr`t`oanmtg pgr onhag hn oairggmh`s igm onzie` àiah`, qun pgr eg onmiagm`hg `mtnragronmtn sn `snbur` qun mg k`ee` pnrhah`s hne `m`eatg. 818
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Ne onriurag onriurag prnsnmt` i`us`s hn amtgxai`iagmns `buh`s g irùmai`s . Hnjn hnst`i`rsn qun sgm pgigs egs i`sgs hn nmvnmnm`oanmtgs iraoam`ens igm hnrav`hgs amgrbàmaigs hne onriurag , pgr su s`jgr ouy hns`br`h`jen. Ne `màeasas hn onriurag,
qun pgr ee`o` tanmn um eaoatn hn hntniiaùm ouy `etg, eg qun
igmeenv` ` e` utaeaz`iaùm hne v`pgr crïg , p`r` bnmnr`r nm um` iào`r` hn rn`iiaùm igm um cunrtn `bnmtn rnhuitgr (iegrurg nst`mmgsg ) àtgogs hn onriurag `e nst`hg nenonmt`e , prginhanmhg hn abu`e o`mnr` p`r` egs nstàmh`rns . t`eag , `umqun y` mg ns crniunmtn e` amtgxai`iaùm igm nstn nenonmtg , ns ` Nm ne i`sg hne t`eag tr`vás hn e` táimai` hn igopend`oanmtg, `dustn hn pK y nxtr`iiaùm igm sgevnmtn grbàmaig, nm gram` punhn pr`itai`rsn nst` ontghgegbï`. @saoasog e` hntnroam`iaùm nm e` cgro` hn kahrurg hn nstn ont`e , prnsnmt` snrags amigmvnmanmtns , pgr snr um` nspnian ouy amnst`jen, eg qun k`in mg rnigonmh`jen su utaeaz`iaùm. E` hntnroam`iaùm
pgr kgrmg hn br`catg p`r` nstn
nenonmtg ns snvnr`onmtn iunstagm`h` hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` jajeagbràcaig , pgr e`s sabuanmtns r`zgmns 4 prno`tur` pnrhah` hne `m`eatg igog gxahg hn t`eag g iegrurg hn t`eag u gtrgs k`eurgs., g janm pgrqun ne t`eag ns vuemnr`jen ` amtnrcnrnmia`s pgr p`rtn hn iegrurgs, suec`tgs , qun punhnm prgvnmar hn e` oamnr`eaz`iaùm hn e` ounstr`. Ns aopgrt`mtn igmsahnr`r snbôm ne àojatg hn satu`iaùm , iu`ens sgm egs r`mbgs hn igminmtr`iagmns nspnr`jens nm prgonhag hn nmigmtr`r nm egs hacnrnmtns nspniaonmns jageùbaigs ` nx`oam`r., ns hniar iu`ens sgm egs v`egrns prgonhags p`r` ont`ens g ont`egahns snbôm ne àojatg ( v`egr mgro`e., v`egr tgxaig , v`egr ent`e, rnspnitav`onmtn rnspnitav`onmt n ). Yn onmiagm`m `ebumgs v`egrns snbôm eg rncnrahg `mtnragronmtn, nxprns`hgs nm oaeabr`ogs pgr eatrg nm s`mbrn, sunrg y gram` , rnspnitav`onmt rnspnitav`onmtn. n.
Mgro`e
Xgxaig
Ent`e Ent`e
Ont`e s`mbrn
sunrg
gram`
s`mbrn sunrg
gram`
@s
6-6,6:
6,66:-
6,3(`)
0-:6 (`) 06
6,6>
6,60-
6,6> ’ >
6,> (i)
(i )
6-6,60
Kb
6,660 ’ 66,60 6,668
Vj
6,68
6,6>
6-6,66 6-6 ,662 2 6,: 6,:
6,9
6,9
s`mbrn sunrg gram` 06
6,>
6,:
6,;
’ 6- 666> 6,60 6,60: : ’ 6,2 ( i )
9,> 81>
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
6,9
6,6;
(`) `buhg ,um` ômai` hgsas y nenv`h` / (i) irùmaig
Eg nxprns`hg `mtnragronmtn ns v`eahg t`ojaám iu`mhg sn igmsahnr`m egs mavnens hn hacnrnmtns nenonmtgs nm tndahgs kuo`mgs , nm p`rtaiue`r p`r` egs i`sgs pgst ogrtno , qun tnmhràm sam huh`s igmmgt`iagmns sambue`rns ` e` kgr` hn nv`eu`r egs h`tgs gjtnmahgs. Gtr` cunmtn qun punhn iat`rsn ns e` gjr` hn J`snet y Ir`vy. Nm t`e snmtahg sn onmiagm`m `ebumgs hn `quneegs bu`rasogs nm `ebum`s o`trains hn amtnrás cgrnmsn y
p`r` egs ont`ens o`s
sabmacai`tavgs hnshn nst` ùptai` hn e` Xgxaigegbï`, qun sn t`jue`m ` igmtamu`iaùm 4 .
Ounstr`
^mah`h
S`egr hn rncnrnmia`
Cunmtn Jajeagbràcai`
Vneg
ub/b
6,63
09
Zaðùm
mb/b
0:1
08
Kïb`hg
mb/b
0:1
08
^ð`s
ub/b
6,>;
0>
@s
Vj Vneg
ub/b
0,98
03
^ð`s
ub/b
0
02
Kb Vneg
ub/b
6,0 ’ 0,99
0;
Kïb`hg
ub/b
6,60 ’ 6,92
01
Xe Kïb`hg
mb/b
O`ygr ` 6,3 ’ 8,;8
:6
ub/b ’ oairgbr`og oairgbr`og pgr br`og br`og / mb/b ’ m`mgbr`og m`mgbr`og pgr br`og
Egs v`egrns igmsabm`hgs p`r` `rsámaig sgm prgonhags y v`rï`m `opea`onmtn snbôm e` giup`iaùm, ne `ojanmtn, e` hant`, y gtrgs c`itgrns hn nxpgsaiaùm.
Hnjn igmsahnr`rsn hnmtrg hn nst` havasaùm , ne `màeasas hn ont`ens prgvnmanmtns hn e` hnce`br`iaùm hn pùevgr`s, y prnsnmtns nm egs hntgm`mtns, t`ens igog j`rag, pegog y `mtaogmag , , iuy`s hntnroam`iagmns sgm ouikïsaogs o`s snmsajens qun ne ieàsaig `màeasas hn `mtaogmag matratgs y matr`tgs. Nstgs nenonmtgs onmiagm`hgs sgm igopgmnmtns k`jatu`ens nm e`s havnrs`s 813
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
onzie`s nopen`h`s nm e` c`jrai`iaùm hn hntgm`mtns. Vgr eg t`mtg sa sn nmiunmtr`m nm egs hntgm`mtns , ns hn nspnr`r hn k`ee`regs nm egs rnstgs hn hnce`br`iaùm nm e`s o`mgs hn quanm hasp`rg um `ro` hn cunbg . @saoasog ns hn igmsahnr`rsn egs v`egrns hn igrtn (iut gcc), qun p`r` ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï` y Puïoai` Enb`e hn e` Yuprno` Igrtn hn Dustaia` ,nstàm nm 4 :6 mb p`r` `mtaogmag , 0>6 mb p`r` j`rag y hn :066 mb p`r` pegog , p`r` igmieuar hn su prnsnmia` um` nxpgsaiaùm g janm hnsi`rt`rsn e` oaso`, nm p`rtaiue`r tnmnr nm iunmt` qun nstgs ont`ens nstuha`hgs mg tanmnm um grabnm nxieusavg nm egs hntgm`hgrns, e` prnsnmia` hn egs trns nm v`egrns sabmacai`tavgs igmstatuyn um` nvahnmia` hn suo` aopgrt`mia` hn qun um` pnrsgm` puhg k`jnr ncnitu`hg um hasp`rg. E` ontghgegbï` igmsastn nm ne kasgp`hg hn `oj`s o`mgs igm sgeuiaùm hn àiahg mïtraig , igegi`hgs nm cr`sigs snp`r`hgs y nsirupuegs`onmtn eaopags , igog `sï t`ojaám egs igrrnspgmhanmtns je`migs.
Xgxaigegbï` @ojanmt`e. Vneabrgsgs, nst`jenin mavnens buï` p`r` E` eny M`iagm`e :86>0 hn Znsahugs Vneabrgsgs, nenonmtgs qun punhnm hntnroam`rsn pgr nst` táimai` `m`eïtai`, p`r` `spnitgs t`ens igog 4 i`eah`h hn `bu`s hn jnjah` p`r` i`eah`h kuo`m`, p`r` prgtniiaùm hn vah` `iuàtai`, p`r` `bu` hn arrab`iaùm , p`r` sunegs, noasagmns , i`eah`h hn `arn `ojanmt`e, nmtrn gtrgs., egs iu`ens sn onmiagm`m nm ne @mnxg igrrnspgmhanmtn hn e` enbase`iaùm onmiagm`h`.
E` mgro`tav` iat`h` hnsirajn eïoatns hn igmt`oam`mtns ` iuopear pgr egs eaxava`hgs hn rnsahugs sùeahgs ( snbôm mgro` YR ;83 NV@ ) igm v`egrns oàxaogs p`r` `rsámaig, j`rag, i`hoag, zami, igjrn, irgog, onriurag, mïqune, pe`t` , pegog y snenmag. Nstn nms`yg rnprghuin
nm ne e`jgr`tgrag e`s igmhaiagmns nm e` m`tur`enz` pgr p`rtn hne rnsahug sùeahg , hntnroam`mhg ` tr`vás hne oasog su pgtnmia`e hn igmt`oam`iaùm ` `bu`s sujtnrràmn`s y sunegs, tgo`mhg p`r` e`s `bu`s um v`egr oàxaog hn 066 vnins ne eaoatn pnroatahg cad`hg p`r` `bu`s hn igmsuog kuo`mg hn egs hacnrnmtns ont`ens qun sn igmsahnr`m nm nstn `p`rt`hg. Ne `màeasas hn ont`ens nm iunrpgs hn `bu` supnrcaia`ens ns hn `peai`iaùm ouy utaeaz`h` , nm p`rtaiue`r p`r` nst`jeninr e` rne`iaùm hn igmt`oam`iaùm igm ont`ens `e grabnm hne vuneig. Hn nstg uetaog surbn su `peai`iaùm ` egs nceunmtns amhustra`ens p`r` p`ràontrgs t`ens igog zami, pegog, irgog, mïqune, i`hoag, nmtrn gtrgs. E` enbase`iaùm nst`jenin hacnrnmia`s hn igminmtr`iagmns hn vuneig pnroatah`s hn vuneigs snbôm sn` igmhuitgr`s peuva`ens, o`r, nti.
812
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Ne `bu` igmstatuyn um` junm` o`traz pgr nst`r sus igopgmnmtns nm hasgeuiaùm hnjanmhg snbôm e` igminmtr`iaùm hne `m`eatg prginhnr ` su `màeasas harnitg pgr ee`o` g janm ` táimai`s hn prnigminmtr`iaùm (nv`pgr`iaùm , amtnri`ojag aùmaig, g nxtr`iiaùm igm hasgevnmtns grbàmaigs ). X`ojaám sa ne mavne hn igminmtr`iagmns ns hne grhnm hn e`s ppj hnjn rniurrarsn ` e` táimai` hn kgrmg hn br`catg, e`s qun mg mninsat`m um prntr`t`oanmtg. Hnjn `ie`r`rsn `ebumgs igminptgs rnspnitg hne `bu` , rne`iagm`hgs igm um` kgogbnmaz`iaùm hn iratnrags , y snbôm ne àojatg hn e` hntnroam`iaùm ` rn`eaz`r 4 `-
Ont`ens hasunetgs 4 Ont`ens nm ounstr`s mg `iahacai`h`s qun p`s`m ` tr`vás hn onojr`m` hn 6,8> uo hn t`o`ðg hn pgrg.
j-
Ont`ens suspnmhahgs4 Ont`ens nm ounstr`s mg `iahacai`h`s qun sgm rntnmah`s pgr onojr`m` hn 6,8> uo.
i-
Ont`ens tgt`ens 4 Ns e` igminmtr`iaùm hn ont`ens nm e` ounstr` mg caetr`h` eunbg hn um` habnstaùm , g e` suo` hn e` cr`iiaùm hasunet` y suspnmhah`.
V`r` ne i`sg hn egs vnrtahgs, egs mavnens ` onhar sunenm snr `etgs igop`r`hgs igm egs hn iunrpgs hn `bu`s mg igmt`oam`hgs. Hnjn igmsahnr`rsn qun ouikgs hn nstgs nceunmtns prnsnmt`m igegr`iaùm qun mg amtnrcanrn nm nst` táimai`
t`e igog giurrn nm egs oátghgs
i`egraoátraigs. Egs nceunmtns sunenm tnmnr um` ouy v`ra`h` m`tur`enz` hn igopunstgs pgr eg qun k`y qun utaeaz`r ne igrrnitgr hn hnutnrag p`r` hntnroam`iagmns hn nenonmtgs iuygs oàxaogs hn `jsgriaùm sn nmiunmtrnm pgr hnj`dg hn egs :36 mo p`r` nvat`r amtnrcnrnmia`s. Gtrg `spnitg hn suo` aopgrt`mia` eg igmstatuyn ne tapg hn rniapanmtns hn rnigeniiaùm
qun ahn`eonmtn hnjnrï`m snr hn iu`rzg g hn tnceùm, o`tnra`ens nstgs ouy igstgsgs, y cràbae nm ne i`sg hne praonrg. Ne pgeaprgpaenmg igmstatuyn um` `etnrm`tav` `hniu`h`. E` prnsnrv`iaùm ns gtrg `spnitg aopgrt`mtn. Ne `brnb`hg hn àiahg mïtraig igminmtr`hg k`st` pK onmgr ` : , nm nmv`sn peàstaig , nsg ôetaog igm rne`iaùm ` egs ont`ens, igm nxinpiaùm hne onriurag p`r` ne iu`e sn rnigoanmh` `brnb`r : oe pgr eatrg hn sgeuiaùm hn hairgo`tg hn pgt`sag `e :6 % (pnsg nm vgeuonm) y nm nmv`sns hn vahrag .
Hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` qun e`s t`p`s hn bgo` y `ebumgs peàstaigs punhnm `pgrt`r zami ` e` ounstr` igm su igmsniunmtn igmt`oam`iaùm . X`ojaám igmsahnr`r qun ne pegog , ns um igmt`oïm`tn ujaiug nm ne `arn urj`mg y pgevgs.
81;
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
@ igmt igmtamu` amu`iaùm iaùm sn onmi onmiagm` agm` igmh igmhaiag aiagmns mns hn `eo` `eo`inm` inm`oanm oanmtg tg y prns prnsnrv` nrv`iaùm iaùm hn `ebumgs p`ràontrgs ontàeaigs p`r` ounstr`s hn `bu` prgpunstgs pgr ne INVAY (Inmtrg V`m`onrai`mg hn Ambnmanrï` Y`mat`ra`)4
V`ràontrg Xapg hn cr`sig
Ont`ens @rsámaig
I`mtah`h
Vrnsnrv`iaùm
Xanopg
oïmao` hn
oàxaog hn
ounstr`
`eo`inm`dn
VgS
066 oe
VgS
>6 oe
@brnb`r KMG9 k`st` pK 5 : rncrabnr`r, `brnb`r KMG9 k`st` pK 5 :
3 onsns 3 onsns
rncrabnr`r, `brnb`r Onriurag
S
066 oe
K:YG8 k`st` pK 5 :; hï`s :
V- peàstaig / S- vahrag / KMG9 - àiahg mïtraig / K :YG8 ’ àiahg àiahg suecôra suecôraig ig
E`s ounstr`s hn sunegs y snhaonmtgs hnjnm tgo`rsn igm s`i`jgi`hgs y igegi`rsn nm cr`sigs eaopags y snigs, `igmhaiagm`h`s ` 8´ I k`st` ne ogonmtg hn su `màeasas, @sï t`ojaám hnjnm sni`rsn k`st` pnsg igmst`mtn p`r` rn`eaz`r egs iàeiuegs `m`eïtaigs igrrnspgmhanmtns. E` oamnr`eaz`iaùm p`r` e` táimai` amstruonmt`e gjdntg hn hasiusaùm ns mnins`ra` h`hg qun e` ounstr` hnjn k`ee`rsn nm sgeuiaùm p`r` su `hniu`hg igopgrt`oanmtg `m`eïtaig. Yn prginhn eunbg `e `màeasas pgr `jsgriaùm `tùoai` hn egs `m`eatgs qun hnsnnm amvnstab`rsn.
Nm ne i`sg hn noasaùm hn ikaonmn`s um` hn e`s pgsajaeah`hns hn i`pt`iaùm ns ` tr`vás hn jgoj`s hn `etg i`uh`e y hn i`ràitnr asgiamátaig nm ne huitg pgr onhag hn `budnrg tgo` ounstr`s y rnigeniiaùm sgjrn onojr`m` `prgpa`h` y uetnragr habnstaùm, prnva` pns`h` p`r` e` hntnroam`iaùm `m`eïtai` hn egs nenonmtgs ` iu`mtacai`r.
Xgxaigegbï` Ieïmai`. Nm nst` c`int` hn e` Xgxaigegbï`, e` prgmt` rnspunst` h`rà mg sgeg um ha`bmgstaig inrtnrg samg qun nst`rà amvgeuir`hg nm e` rniupnr`iaùm hn e` s`euh hne p`ianmtn amtgxai`hg. Hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` ne ha`bmgstaig prnsumtavg, igog `sï t`ojaám ne àojatg hn tr`j`dg hne amtgxai`hg y hn egs rne`tgs hn egs c`oaea`rns g `oabgs. 811
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Egs nenonmtgs qun punhnm hntnroam`rsn sgm muonrgsgs y bnmnr`eonmtn prgvanmn hn vaitao`s hn suaiahags g hn kgoaiahags pgr e` utaeaz`iaùm hn hacnrnmtns sust`mia`s nmtrn nee`s egs hnrav`hgs hn ont`ens . Nm e`s i`us`s hn Xgxaigegbï`, y nm ne àojatg hn e` Ieïmai`, hnrav`m ounstr`s hn hacnrnmtn m`tur`enz` prgvnmanmtns hn
Kgspat`ens pôjeaigs p`r` prginhnr ` e` ràpah`
hntnroam`iaùm hn egs ont`ens pgr e` táimai` hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai`, nm i`ràitnr hn ige`jgr`iaùm pgr i`rninr i`sa sanoprn egs inmtrgs `sastnmia`ens hn nquap`oanmtgs igog egs qun
sn
hnsirajnm nm nst` igmtrajuiaùm.
E`s ounstr`s rnigonmh`h`s p`r` ne `màeasas tgxaigeùbaig, y qun nmtr`rï`m hnmtrg hn e` prgjenoàtai` hn ont`ens nm nst` rne`iaùm hn e` Xgxaigegbï` Ieïmai` e` pghnogs rnsuoar nm ne sabuanmtn iu`hrg4
Ounstr`
Ahnmtacai`iaùm hn 4
Y`mbrn
Vegog
Gram`
Ont`ens pns`hgs
Igmtnmahg Nstgo`i`e
Ôtae p`r` sust`mia`s ambnrah`s nmtrn 6 ` 3 kgr`s
Vnegs ^ð`s
@rsámaig / pegog
Ne i`sg hn e`s amtgxai`iagmns pgr pegog pegog hnmtrg hnmtrg hn nst` ùptai` , punhn gjsnrv`rsn e` irùmai` g e` `buh`, hn grabnm `iiahnmt`e y r`r`onmtn kgoaiah`. Hnjn rnigonmh`rsn ne `brnb`hg hn knp`ram` igog `mtaig`bue`mtn h`hg qun gtrgs `mtaig`bue`mtns qune`m `e pegog igog eg k`in ne NHX@. Nm ne i`sg hn snr mnins`rag ne `màeasas hn ont`ens punhn iariumsirajar iariumsirajarsn sn `e àojatg vntnram`rag, nxastanmhg rncnrnmia`s hn v`egrns mgro`ens hn `ebumgs ont`ens nm s`mbrn p`r` hacnrnmtns `mao`ens , t`ens igog4 i`j`eeg, v`i`, inrhg, pnrrg, b`tgs, ogmgs, nmtrn gtrgs, p`r` igmsahnr`r eunbg igm egs v`egrns gjtnmahgs nm qun nst`hg hn e` prgjenoàtai` tgxaigeùbai` sn nmiunmtr` ne prgcnsagm`e vntnram`rag nm e` nv`eu`iaùm hne i`sg. Yn tr`msirajn ` igmtamu`iaùm `ebumgs ndnopegs hn eg onmiagm`hg `quï hn `ebumgs `mao`ens. >66
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
ub/he
I`j`eeg
S`i`
Inrhg
Vnrrg
B`tg
Ogmg
Vegog
>- :>
6-:8
--------
6 ’>6
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Tami
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21
Xgxaigegbï` E`jgr`e. Hnpnmhanmhg hn e` `itavah`h e`jgr`e , y su rne`iaùm igm ne usg nm ne àojatg hn tr`j`dg igm ont`ens y sus s`ens sn aopgmn ne ogmatgrng giup`iagm`e , nm onhags jageùbaigs t`ens igog s`mbrn y gram` , igog ne hne `ojanmtn e`jgr`e.. Igmsahnr`mhg e`s igmhaiagmns hne ounstrng, nm iu`mtg `e tapg hn jgoj`, i`uh`e, vgeuonm oïmaog y oàxaog ` prgins`r, tapg hn caetrgs g tujgs, nti. sn hntnroam`m havnrsgs ont`ens aopgrt`mtns nm tgxaigegbï` giup`iagm`e. E` ounstr`, bnmnr`eonmtn manje`s, v`pgrns, nti qun `cnit`m e` i`eah`h hne `arn e`jgr`e, ns rntnmah` pgr um caetrg qun rntanmn o`tnra`e `rtaiue`hg tgt`e p`r` ne i`sg hn hntnroam`iaùm hne igmt`oam`mtn. Ne pegog pegog ns um nenonmtg qun igmsahnr`ogs p`rtaiue`ronmtn pgr su aopeai`mia` hn amtgxai`iaùm irùmai`, ne s`turmasog. V`r` su hntnroam`iaùm punhn utaeaz`rsn e` nxtr`iiaùm hne
nenonmtg pgr onhag hn parrgeahamhata parrgeahamhatagi`rj`o`tg gi`rj`o`tg hn `ogmag igm ontae asgjutae intgm` ` pK :,>. Mg gjst`mtn sa sn iunmt` igm kgrmg hn br`catg ns prncnrajen nst` uetao` h`hg su o`ygr snmsajaeah`h, sam tr`t`oanmtg prnvag, qun pnroatn ne `màeasas hn nstn `m`eatg nm s`mbrn y gram`. Hnshn ne pumtg hn vast` amstruonmt`e, e` egmbatuh hn gmh` :02 mo ns um` hn e` prncnrah`s pgr snr e` o`s snmsajen, snbuah` hn :;9,9 mo e` iu`e ns :,> vnins onmgs snmsajen qun e` `mtnragr. Ne `màeasas hn nstn nenonmtg nm s`mbrn ns ne o`s utaeaz`hg p`r` ne ogmatgrng jageùbaig ` e` nxpgsaiaùm e`jgr`e. Nm rne`iaùm `e `màeasas pgr kgrmg hn br`catg ne oátghg jramh` eaoatns hn hntniiaùm ouy j`dgs, hne grhnm hn 6,60 ob/eatrg nm s`mbrn Hnjn tnmnrsn nm iunmt` e` enbase`iaùm e`jgr`e nm iu`mtg ` egs eaoatns hn nxpgsaiaùm oàxaogs pnroatahgs ` tr`vás hn e`s igminmtr`iagmns oàxao`s pnroatah`s nm `arn hne `ojanmtn >60
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
e`jgr`e (IOV) p`r` igmsahnr`r igm neeg , egs tanopgs hn ounstrng nm cumiaùm hne eaoatn hn hntniiaùm hne oátghg nopen`hg. X`ojaám nm nstn tapg hn amtgxai`iagmns hnjn igmsahnr`rsn egs v`egrns p`r` egs iu`ens sn nst`jenin qun igmdumt`onmtn igm e` `p`raiaùm hn sïmtgo`s pghnogs k`je`r hn s`turmasog< egs bu`rasogs sn nmiunmtr`m pgr nmiao` hn egs 26 oairgbr`ogs pgr ianmtg nm s`mbrn. Egs v`egrns nmtrn 86 ` 26 oairgbr`ogs % nm s`mbrn, nstàm k`je`mhg hn um` nxpgsaiaùm, hn e` iu`e punhn rntar`rsn `e amhavahug hn e` c`int` e`jgr`e nm igmt`itg igm nstn tgxaig. onriurag ns gtrg nenonmtg qun `p`rnin nm nstn nsinm`rag igmceaitavg hne oumhg Ne onriurag e`jgr`e, h`hg qun `qune pgr su nxtrno` vge`taeah`h , nm ne i`sg hn o`mapue`r ne ont`e, ne iu`e ns susinptajen hn snr amigrpgr`hg pgr vï` amk`e`tgra` y pgstnragr gxah`iaùm y h`ðg sujsniunmtn . e` gram` ns um` ounstr` hn amtnrás p`r` su `màeasas y nv`eu`iaùm Znspnitg ` egs oátghgs hn igmtrge nm ne `ojanmtn hn tr`j`dg sn rnigoanmh` e` utaeaz`iaùm hn e`s mgro`s MAGYK , igog pgr ndnopeg4 3661 y 26;: , p`r` ne onriurag y pegog rnspnitav`onmtn.
Igmieusagmns. E` táimai` hn `jsgriaùm `tùoai` tanmn muonrgsgs i`opgs hn `peai`iaùm hnmtrg hn e`s hacnrnmtns r`o`s hn e` Xgxaigegbï`. Yu igrrnit` utaeaz`iaùm , táimai`s hn `ase`oanmtg igmvnmanmtnonmtn igmvnmanmtnonmt n `peai`h`s p`r` `snbur`r e` i`eah`h hne rnsuet`hg `m`eïtaig y e` igrrnit`
amtnrprnt`iaùm , pnroatnm k`inr hn e` oaso` um `ro` ouy ôtae nm ne i`opg hn e` quïoai` hn egs ont`ens y mg ont`ens hn muonrgsgs nenonmtgs hn e` t`je` pnraùhai` , p`r` e` rnsgeuiaùm y rnspunst`s qun `qunee`s r`o`s mninsat`m . Hnjn `hnoàs igmsahnr`rsn `ebumgs i`sgs nm qun mg sn iunmtn igm eàop`r` hn iàtghg kunig , y qun hnpnmhanmhg hne pgtnmia`e hn agmaz`iaùm hne nenonmtg ` hntnroam`r qun punhn utaeaz`rsn ne nquapg igog cgtùontrg hn ee`o`.
Nm ouikgs i`sgs y nm p`rtaiue`r hn egs nenonmtgs igmsahnr`hgs nm nstn tr`j`dg , egs eaoatns hn hntniiaùm sgm o`s j`dgs pgr e` táimai` hn kgrmg hn br`catg qun pgr ndnopeg hn pe`so` hn `rbùm amhuiahg (AIV) , t`e igog sn ounstr`m nm e` sabuanmtn t`je`)4
>6:
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Nenonmtg
@@ (mo)
AIV (mo)
AIV eïoatn
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Jajeagbr`cï`4 @peai`iaùm hn e` Nspnitrgcgtgon Nspnitrgcgtgontrï` trï` hn @jsgriaùm @tùoai` ` e` Xgxaigegbï` y Iraoam`eastai` Iraoam`eastai`.. Znvast` hn e` C`iuet`h hn Ianmia`s Ianmia`s Nx`it`s Puïoai`s M`tur`ens. M`tur`ens. ^mavnrsah`h hn Og Ogrùm. rùm. Sge A p`b. :0-9: . I. Ige`mbneg y ige. 0113. Nspnitrgsigpa` hn @jsgriaùm @tùoai` . E.[. Knrr`az . Vujeai`iagm Vujeai`iagmns ns @m`eïtai`s .01;6. @màeasas Puïoaig Iu`mtat`tavg Iu`mtat`tavg . A.O. Lgetkgcc y ige. Eajrnrï` y Nhatgra`e Kab Kab`r `r YZE4< 8t` Nhaiaùm. 0131
Xr`t`hg hn Puïoai` @m`eïtai` @m`eïtai` Iu`mtat`tav`. Iu`mtat`tav`. :h` Nhaiaùm. C. Jnrondg O`rtïmnz. Nh. Ynoam Ynoam`rag `rag Igmiaea`r. 0139 @m`eytai`e Br`pkatn Br`pkatn Curm`in @tgoai @tgoai @jsgrptagm Ypnitrgontry. Ypnitrgontry. @ E`jgr`tgry Buahn. B. Yikneoonr `mh J. Z`hzau Z`hzaul, l, Nh. Jarlk`usnr Snre`b 0111 0111 Xgxaigegbï` hn Vgstbr`hg. O. Znpnttg. ^mavnrsah`h hn Ynvaee`- Nsp`ð`, :66: Xgxai Ont`es `mh tknar @m`eysas . N. Jnro`m. Nh. Knyhnm. 01;6
>69
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
O`mu`e hn Xgxaigegbï` Xgxaigegbï` @m`eïtai`. N. Cgmsni` Ogr`n Ogr`nss y ige. Nh. Zgi`. 0131 @tgoai @jsgrptagm Ypnitrgontry am Giiup Giiup`tagm`e `tagm`e `mh Nmvargmonmt`e Nmvargmonmt`e Kn`etk Vr` Vr`itain. itain. Sge. AAA. H.E. Xs`env. IZI Vrnss. 011>. Xr`t`hg hn Iraoam`eastai` . Xgog AA. E` Puïoai` @m`eïtai` nm ee` ` Amvnstab`iaùm hne Hneatg. Hneatg. Bgjja, N. y ige`jgr`hg ige`jgr`hgrns. rns. Nh Vgeaia`e. 01;9 X`je` hn S`egrns S`egrns hn Z Zncnrnmia` ncnrnmia` n nm m Ceuahgs J Jageùbaigs. ageùbaigs. Z Znpnttg npnttg O. Z. -
Znpnttg, O.
(:666).Amstatutg M`iagm`e hn Xgxaigegbï` hn Ynvaee` y Àrn` hn Xgxaigegbï` hn e` ^mavnrsah`h hn Ynvaee`. Nsp`ð`
Haspgsatagm gc Xgxai Hrub Hrubss `mh Ik Iknoai`es noai`es am O`m. J`sne J`snett ’ Ir`vny. Nh. Qn`r Jgg Jggll Onhai`e Vujeasknrs, Ami. 9rhN hatagm. :666 Dnrvas, Z.C. nt `e. Mutr. Zns. Yuppe. A, 3:2-399.. 01;> Juee. Nmvagm. Igmt`o. Xgxaige., 90, :32 ’ :22, 019. Q`o`uika, K nt `e. @it` Ikao. Kumb, 0:>, 0:>, 222-2;8, 01 01;;. ;;. O`tusanwaiz O`tusanwaiz,, K. nt `e. Yia. Xgt`e Nmvargm, 8:, ::9- :9>. 01;>, Yujr`o`ma`m, L.Y. nt `e . Amt. D. Nmvargm. @m`e. Ikno. , 80, :2-9;, 0116. Qgskam`b`, D, nt `e.
Yt`mh`rh Ontkghs cgr tkn nx`oam`tagm gc w`tnr `mh w`stnw`tnr :6tkN hatagm . 011; kttp4//www.inpas.gps-gos.grb/ ps-gos.grb/ Yatag Rnj 4 kttp4//www.inpas.g Ha`bmgstaig Ieïmaig pgr ne E`jgr`tgrag. Xghh- Y`mcgrh. Nh. Y`ev`t. 01;: Hnp`rtonmt gc Ieamai`e V`tkgegby. ^mavnrsaty gc I`eacgrma`. L`mnlg, D.D. 0129 Xgxaigegbï` amhustra`e n amtgxai`iagmns prgcnsagm`ens. Z. E`uwnrys. Nh. O`ssgm. 0118.
>68
O`mu`e hn Xáimai`s @m`eïtai`s nm ne E`jgr`tgrag hn Xgxaigegbï`
Xgxaigegbï` E`jgr`e. E`jgr`e. Iratnrags p`r` e` vab vabae`mia` ae`mia` hn egs tr`j`d`h tr`j`d`hgrns grns nxpunstg nxpunstgss ` sust`mia sust`mia`s `s quïoai`s pneabrgs`s . M.@eja`mg. Nh. Vgenogs. 0111 Yatag wnj rne`iagm`hg igm ne ounstrng nm `ojanmtns hn tr`j`dg 4 www.sliami.igo www.sliami.igo M`tagm`e Amstatutn gc Giiup`tagm`e `mh Y`cnty Kn`etk. Yu Yatag Rnj 4 www.magsk.bgv Xgxaigegbï`. E.S. Cumb`araðg. Vraonr` Nhaiaùm. Br`cai`s @buarrn I`op`mg. 0122 n. N Ontkghgegby cgr @m`eytai`e Xgxaigegby. A. Yumskam Yumskamn. h. IZI Vrnss. Ami. 01;2
@m`eytai`e Ontkghs Ontkghs am Xgxaigegby Xgxaigegby . Yt`kr, K.O. Dgkm Raeny Ygms. 0110 Eny 01>;2. Hnirntg Znbe`onmt`rag 920/21 . Eny hn Kabanmn y Ynburah`h nm ne Xr`j`dg. Yatag Rnj igm muonrgs`s `peai`iagmns p`r` e` `peai`iaùm hn @jsgriaùm @tùoai` www.skao`hzu.igo.jr/`m`eatai` .igo.jr/`m`eatai`/nsp/@peai`iaù /nsp/@peai`iaùm/``.kto m/``.kto www.skao`hzu Yatag Rnj 4 www.aio.isai.ns/quaoai/pge`r www.aio.isai.ns/quaoai/pge`rgbr`ca`WyW`j gbr`ca`WyW`jsgriagmW`tgoa sgriagmW`tgoai`.kto i`.kto
