Manual Do Aluno Carisma 2019 - Última Versão

 

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WTD]OAK G@THK  G d`gmkrgæék adstd Eghug` ak G`uhk bko ue prkidssk trgmg`cksk. ^gssku pkr vçrogs eéks d ikhsueou k tdepk ad vçrogs pdsskgs pgrg icdfgr g vkiì gtug`ozgak, ghg`osgak, rdvosgak d prohiopg`edhtd, ikhboçvd`. K Eghug` ak G`uhk ikhtïe ohbkregæôds qud pkadrék tkrhgr sug bkregæék eohostdrog` egos krfghozgag d ike edtgs mde adbohoags. G trostd hktåiog ï qud g egokrog ags pdsskgs hék boig gtdhtg îs `dtrgs pdqudhgs adstd `ovrdtk d gigmg sd ikhbuhaohak hgs qudstôds gigaìeoigs ku aosiop`ohgrds gquo ikhtoags. Ike ossk hk bohg` ak sdedstrd ku ak ghk, hkssg dquopd ï prkiurgag pkr euotgs pdsskgs aozdhak< ‐egs DT hék sgmog―... @dog gtdhtgedhtd. Adbohg sugs prokroagads d edtgs hk iursk d fugrad dstd Eghug` pgrg ikhsu`tgr sdeprd qud hdidssçrok. Mke Iursk!

G Aordæék

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^G@GR]G AG @OAD]GHÆG Hkssks ikrgæôds trghsmkrage ad g`dfrog pkr sug voag. Rkiì dstç hk `ufgr idrtk, hk ekedhtk idrtk d ike gs pdsskgs idrtgs. ^rdpgrd k sdu ikrgæék pgrg rdidmdr euotk ag ^g`gvrg d ak Dspårotk ad Adus. Dstd ï ue tdepk qud Adus rdsdrvku pgrg k sdu irdsioedhtk dsporotug` d adsdhvk`voedhtk ak sdu icgegak d eohostïrok. Ygomg qud euotk egos ak qud ue ikhcdioedhtk ohtd`ditug`, vkiì rdidmdrç, aog gpùs aog, g rdvd`gæék ag ^g`gvrg ad Adus. K qud Adus d hùs dspdrgeks ad vkiì aurghtd sdu pdråkak ad trdohgedhtk ï qud vkiì sdlg ao`ofdhtd de tuak gquo`k qud bozdr. K `ovrk ad ^rkvïrmoks bg`g ad prkedssgs egrgvo`cksgs pgrg gqud`ds qud sék ao`ofdhtds, pkr ossk vovg gquo adhtrk ad eghdorg qud vkiì pkssg rdidmdr igag ueg adssgs mìhæéks skmrd g sug voag. Gquo tgemïe Adus trgrç gtï vkiì k qud icgegeks ad IKHDSÔDY AOROHGY, pdsskgs qud Adus tde sdpgrgak pgrg sdr ueg mdhæék pgrg sug voag d qud sdrék oepkrtghtåssoegs hk eohostïrok qud Adus tde td agak. Dstdlg gtdhtk, pkos dssg pdsskg qud sd sdhtg gk sdu `gak pkad sdr ue ighg` ad Adus pgrg sug voag. Dstd tgemïe ï ue tdepk ad sdedgaurg. ^kr ossk, dhvk`vg-sd k eçxoek qud vkiì puadr de tuak gquo`k qud k Ydeohçrok Qdk`ùfoik Igroseg ]ok tde g kbdrdidr pgrg g sug bkregæék eohostdrog` sgmdhak qud tuak gquo`k qud vkiì dstç sdedghak ckld, vorç, hk tdepk ag ik`cdotg, gmuhaghtdedhtd skmrd sug voag. Rkiì, gtrgvïs ad sug gtotuad d ektovgæék, ï qude vgo adtdreohgr k håvd` ad sug prdpgrgæék aurghtd dstd tdepk. G egokr rdspkhsgmo`oagad de sd prdpgrgr ï sug, pkr ossk hék adoxd k tdepk soep`dsedhtd pgssgr hg sug voag, adsbrutd ak qud Adus tde td agak gquo. Wud gk icdfgr k aog ad sug bkregturg vkiì pkssg k`cgr pgrg trçs d aozdr< ‐Du boz tuak qud Adus qudrog qud du bozdssd hdstd tdepk ad trdohgedhtk.― Hdssg igeohcgag vkiì hék dstç skzohck, dstgeks gquo ikek bgio`otgakrds d ighgos ad Adus pgrg sug voag. Rovg Irostk, ^r. Bd`oppd Rg`gaék Aordtkr Fdrg` ’ Ydeohçrok Qdk`ùfoik Igroseg ]ok ^r. Lghadrskh Ekurg Aordtkr Eohostdrog` ’ Ydeohçrok Qdk`ùfoik Igroseg ]ok 9

 

^]K^ÙYOQK  FD]GHAK EOHOYQ]KY G^]KRGAKY ^G]G G IK@CDOQG AKY Ü@QOEKY AOGY De Egtdus ?.96m, Ldsus aossd gks sdus aosiåpu`ks< ‐G sdgrg ï rdg`edhtd frghad, egs pkuiks sék ks idobdorks―. G`ïe ad tdr soak vdragad qughak Ldsus ghagvg gquo hg Qdrrg, g rdg`oagad adssg gboregæék pgrdid igrrdfgr gohag egos oepgitk de hkssk euhak ckld, qughak sd gprkxoeg k tdepk ag vk`tg ad Irostk. G urfìhiog aks tdepks i`geg pd`g hdidssoagad ad egos trgmg`cgakrds hék skedhtd de qughtoagad, egs de qug`oagad. Gssoe, hk YQI-]ok, hkssk prkpùsotk d ìhbgsd sék fdrgr irosték/`åadrds gprkvgaks, prdpgrghak-ks pgrg g ik`cdotg aks ü`toeks aogs. Gtrgvïs ad ue iurråiu`k dquo`omrgak, måm`oik d dhsohgak pkr eohostrks gprkvgaks, ks g`uhks gprdhade g gp`oigr ks prohiåpoks ag ^g`gvrg ad Adus, hék skedhtd pgrg k sdu prùprok mdhdbåiok, egs pgrg iuepror k prkpùsotk aovohk pgrg sugs voags ike dxid`ìhiog d ohtdfroagad d, gssoe, ed`ckr sdrvorde gsug ofrdlg `kig`. G rdspkhsgmo`oagad ad trdohgr dssds eohostrks, cgmo`otgaks pgrg tkag mkg kmrg, ï adsgbogakrg. Egs k pkadr ag ^g`gvrg ad Adus d g uhæék ak Dspårotk Yghtk sék egos qud suboiodhtds pgrg iuepror dssg eossék.

ROYÉK  Bkregr irostéks/`åadrds egaurks hg ^g`gvrg d hk Dspårotk oepgitghak, gssoe, g hkssg pçtrog d k euhak ike k Dvghfd`ck ad Ldsus Irostk.

EOYYÉK  Ghuhiogr, gavdrtor d dhsohgr g tkak ckede de tkag g sgmdakrog, g boe ad gprdsdhtgr tkak ckede pdrbdotk de Irostk (Ik`. 7> g`uhks.

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7.7. CK]Ç]OK AGY GT@GY IT]YK AD QDK@KFOG MÅM@OIG EOHOYQD]OG@< EOHOYQD]OG@ îs =>c1>eoh Ohtdrvg`k ’ 7>eoh =¼ Ckrçrok ’ =>c4>eoh îs ==c QD]ÆGY D WTOHQGY-BDO]GY EGHCÉ  7¼ Ckrçrok ’ ?c îs 7>c7>eoh Ohtdrvg`k ’ 7>eoh =¼ Ckrçrok ’ 7>c=>eoh îs 77c9>e YÇMGAKY EGHCÉ  7¼ Ckrçrok ’ 7>cs îs 77c=>eoh Ohtdrvg`k ’ 77c=>eoh Îs 77c9>eoh =¼ Ckrçrok ’ 77c9>eoh îs 7=c9>eoh Ohtdrvg`k ’ 7=c9>eoh ’ 79c9>eoh 9¼ Ckrçrok ’ 79c9>eoh ’ 71c4>eoh Ohtdrvg`k ’ 71c4>eoh îs 74c>>eoh 1¼ Ckrçrok ’ 74C>>eoh îs 72c>>eoh 7.=.  YOYQDEG AD GRG@OGÆÉK  G ’ Gvg`ogæék sdedstrg` pkr aosiop`ohg (trgmg`ck d/ku prkvg), qud ikrrdspkhad g 6>% ak gprkvdotgedhtk ag egtïrog. Ks 9>% rdstghtds sdrék gvg`ogaks pd`g `doturg rdikedhagag d gtovoagads rd`giokhgags pd`k prkbdsskr, rdbdrdhtds gk `ovrk. KMY< Cç aosiop`ohgs qud hék tìe `doturg kmrofgtùrog, d hdssd igsk, g gvg`ogæék ikrrdspkhad g 7>>% ak gprkvdotgedhtk ag egtïrog. M ’ G gprkvgæék ikhsostd hk gprkvdotgedhtk ad, hk eåhoek, 6>% ag egtïrog. 2

 

I ’ Gk bohg` ad igag sdedstrd k g`uhk tdrç gidssk g sug brdquìhiog d hktg d tdrç gtï >= (augs) sdeghgs gpùs g aovu`fgæék pgrg sk`oiotgr, sd hdidssçrok, rdvosék ag sug sotugæék gigaìeoig. Gpùs k prgzk dstgmd`dioak, hék sdrék bdotgs g`tdrgæôds. A’ K g`uhk iulg hktg bohg` boigr gmgoxk ag eïaog prkpkstg pd`g Dsik`g, pkadrç rdqudrdr g rdiupdrgæék ag egtïrog, g boe ad dvotgr rdprkvgæék. Dstd prkidaoedhtk advdrç sdr sk`oiotgak pd`k g`uhk gpùs g aovu`fgæék ag hktg agag pd`g Ydirdtçrog Gigaìeoig adhtrk ak prgzk dstgmd`dioak gioeg. D ’ Ks g`uhks qud boigrde rdprkvgaks, de gtï >9 (trìs) egtïrogs hk bohg` ad ue pdråkak, pkadrék bgzdr adpdhaìhiog pgrg kmtdhæék ag gprkvgæék tktg`, hk sdedstrd sdfuohtd. (Adpdhaìhiog 5 Gssostor gs gu`gs ^]DYDHIOG@EDHQD, rdg`ozgr ks trgmg`cks prkpkstks pd`ks prkbdsskrds, pgfgr k vg`kr ikrrdspkhadhtd îs egtïrogs pdraoags). GQDHÆÉK< ]dprkvgæék de >1 (egtïrogs) oepdad qud k g`uhk sd egtroiu`d hg prùxoeg sïrod, advdhak rdbgzdr g sïrod gtug`.

7.9.  ^]DYDHÆG  G brdquìhiog aks g`uhks ï kmrofgtùrog de tkags gs aosiop`ohgs. K `oeotd ad bg`tgs gidotçvd` ï ad =4% ag igrfg ckrçrog adbohoag pgrg igag aosiop`ohg. K g`uhk qud tovdr edhks ad 64% ad prdsdhæg de igag egtïrog sdrç ikhsoadrgak rdprkvgak d advdrç iursç-`g hkvgedhtd. G ’ Hék dxostd gmkhk ad bg`tgs. Gs bg`tgs sék lustoboigags gpdhgs edaoghtd gtdstgak eïaoik ku adi`grgæék ad sdrvoæk. K g`uhk tde gtï >4 aogs ütdos pgrg gprdsdhtç-`gs. Edsek g bg`tg sdhak lustoboigag ike gtdstgak, HÉK sdrç rdtorgag ag `ostg ad prdsdhæg. KMY.< Hék cç sostdeg ad rdiupdrgæék pkr bg`tgs. K g`uhk hék advdrç sd gusdhtgr ad gu`gs, ku qugosqudr gtovoagads dsik`grds pkr rgzôds hék dedrfdhiogos. Yug prdsdhæg ï pgrtd ag sug bkregæék d pkad gbdtgr sofhoboigtovgedhtd sug gvg`ogæék. Mg edseg ’ Ï rdspkhsgmo`oagad g`uhk, prddhicdr ikrrdtgedhtd g `ostg ad prdsdhæg ku rdfostrgr vog mokedtrog, ak igsk ikhtrçrok, rdidmdrç bg`tg. 6

 

I ’ K g`uhk qud icdfgr gtï 74 eohutks gpùs k ohåiok ag gu`g, pkadrç dhtrgr d gssohgr g `ostg ad prdsdhæg. Gpùs ks 74 eohutks, k g`uhk advdrç prddhicdr ueg boicg ad gtrgsk qud dstgrç de pkssd ak ekhotkr, d gssdhtgr-sd hg pgrtd ad trçs ag sg`g ad gu`g, hg bo`dorg oedaogtgedhtd î brdhtd ak Ekhotkr. A ’ >9 (trìs) boicgs ad gtrgsk dquovg`de g ueg bg`tg. D ’ Hdhcue g`uhk advd sgor ad sg`g ghtds ak tïreohk ag gu`g, sg`vk de igsk ad dedrfìhiog. Hdssd igsk, k g`uhk advdrç rdpkrtgr-sd gk ekhotkr, ohbkreghak sdu hked d g rgzék pd`g qug` hdidssotg adoxgr g sg`g ad gu`g. Igsk k g`uhk hék iueprg k rdquosotk iotgak dstç suldotk î kikrrìhiog pdagfùfoig. B ’ K g`uhk hék pkadrç gssohgr g `ostg ad prdsdhæg bkrg ak aog ikrrdhtd. Hék pkad cgvdr gssohgturg ad aog (s) ghtdrokr (ds) ku pkstdrokr (ds) gk aog vofdhtd. Igsk k g`uhk gssohd ohgprkprogagedhtd, g prdsdhæg hék sdrç ikeputgag d pkadrç gigrrdtgr de kikrrìhiog pdagfùfoig.

G prdsdhæg sù sdrç vç`oag sd bkr prddhicoag pd`k g`uhk. Gpùs k rdik`coedhtk ags boicgs pd`k ekhotkr, k igepk ag boicg sdrç ohuto`ozgak. K g`uhk rdidmdrç bg`tg d hék sdrék gidotgs lustoboigtovgs. Igsk k g`uhk gssohd g `ostg de egos ad ue aog, dstgrç suldotk g kikrrìhiog pdagfùfoig. 7.1.  AKITEDHQKY GIGAÌEOIKY  Igag akiuedhtk tde ue prgzk adtdreohgak, ikhbkred dxp`oigak hks otdhs g sdfuor. Dssd prgzk pkad sdr rdauzoak ku prkrrkfgak, ad gikrak ike g ikep`dxoagad d vk`ued ad sdrvoæks hk pdråkak. ^rkidaoedhtks< - ^rddhicdr rdqudroedhtk hg Ydirdtgrog Gigaìeoig: - 7ª vog hék sdrç ikmrgag, ikhbkred qugark ad vg`krds hk otde =.

7.4.  ^]KRGY DE YDFTHAG ICGEGAG  ^kadrék sdrrdg`ozgags. rdqudroags gtï >6 (sdtd) aogs gpùs g pdrag ag prkvg, luhtk î sdirdtgrog pgrg sdrde 3

 

Yù pkadrç bgzdr prkvg ad sdfuhag icgegag k g`uhk qud gprdsdhtgr gtdstgak eïaoik ku adi`grgæék ad sdrvoæk. KMY< Yotugæôds dspdiogos sdrék ghg`osgags pd`g Aordæék Gigaìeoig K g`uhk qud bg`tgr g qug`qudr prkvg, sde lustoboigtovg, advdrç pgfgr tgxg (ikhbkred qugark ad vg`krds hk otde =). Ydrç gidotk gpdhgs g rdg`ozgæék ad >= prkvgs ad sdfuhag icgegag pkr pdråkak iursgak. KMY< Yotugæôds dspdiogos sdrék ghg`osgags pd`g Aordæék Gigaìeoig ^rddhicdr k rdqudroedhtk ad =ª icgegag ad prkvg aordtgedhtd hg sdirdtgrog ak iursk, d dbdtugr k advoak pgfgedhtk, adpkos ad dbdtovgak k pgfgedhtk, g sdirdtgrog orç dhigeohcgr k advoak rdqudroedhtk gk Ydtkr Gigaìeoik.

7.4.7  ]DROYÉK AD ^]KRG  ^kadrç sdr rdqudroag aordtgedhtd ike k prkbdsskr ag aosiop`ohg.

7.2.  ID]QOBOIGAK AD IKHI@TYÉK  ^rkidaoedhtks< - ^rddhicdr rdqudroedhtk hg Ydirdtgrog Gigaìeoig: - 7ª vog hék sdrç ikmrgag: - ^rkiurgæék pgrtoiu`gr ike boreg rdikhcdioag de igsk ad rdqudroedhtk gtrgvïs ad Qdridorks: - Gpùs g rdg`ozgæék ad tkags gs gtovoagads gigaìeoigs prdvostgs (hk pdråkak ad =1 edsds) d ikep`dtgak k iursk, k g`uhk advdrç rdqudrdr k aop`keg luhtk î Ydirdtgrog Gigaìeoig ak YQI-]ok. K prgzk ad dhtrdfg ï g pgrtor ad >7 (ue) eìs gpùs g sk`oiotgæék, pkadhak dstdhadr k prgzk. Hdssd åhtdroe, tdhak lç ikhi`uåak k prkfrgeg, k g`uhk pkadrç sk`oiotgr gk YQI-]ok ueg Adi`grgæék ad Ikhi`usék ad Iursk, pgrg bohs prkbossokhgos ku ad ikhtohugæék ad dstuaks.

Kms73)   K g`uhk advdrç iuepror kmrofgtkrogedhtd 72> ckrgs ad dstçfok hk adikrrdr aks akos ghks ad iursk. K `kig` ad gtugæék ak dstçfok ï dsik`coak pd`k g`uhk (eohostïroks ad gtugæék ad g`fueg ofrdlg dvghfï`oig). G dhtrdfg ag akiuedhtgæék ak dstçfok ak YQI sdrç gidotg gtï >2 (sdos) edsds gpùs g ikhi`usék ak iursk, ikhtgaks ag agtg ag bkregturg.

7.?.  Q]GHIGEDHQK AD EGQ]ÅIT@G  ^rkidaoedhtks< - ^rddhicdr rdqudroedhtk hk Ydtkr Bohghidork (ike hk eåhoek 9> aogs ad ghtdidaìhiog): - Dstgr de aog ike k Ydtkr Bohghidork. Kmsdrvgæôds< - K G`uhk qud dbdtuku trghigedhtk advdrç rdikedægr k sdedstrd trghigak. - K G`uhk qud adsostou ak iursk advdrç rdtkegr hk ohåiok ak sdedstrd ‐gmghakhgak―, pgfghak pd`k sdedstrd hkvgedhtd.

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- Gssoe, k g`uhk qud adoxgr k Ydeohçrok, pkr trghigedhtk ku adsostìhiog, pkadrç rdtkegr sdus dstuaks hkreg`edhtd hk sdedstrd sdfuohtd.

=. QGMD@G AD QGSGY D YD]ROÆKY  YD]ROÆK Idrtoboigak - =ª vog Adi`grgæék- =g vog Costùroik Dsik`gr- =ª vog ^rkvg ad =¼ icgegag

QGSG ]$ 9>,>> ]$ 7>,>> ]$ 9>,>> ]$ =4,>>

Kms.< ks pgfgedhtks ags tgxgs gioeg sék bdotks hg Ydirdtgrog, gpùs k  prddhicoedhtk ak rdqudroedhtk. rdqudroedhtk. 9. IKEOYYÉK AD BK]EGQT]G  Teg ikeossék ad trìs g`uhks bkreghaks ad igag turhk sdrç d`dotg pd`g tureg hk tdridork pdråkak, ike g prdsdhæg ad ue rdprdsdhtghtd `dfg` ag dsik`g. G ikeossék advdrç sdr gprkvgag pd`g aordtkrog ag dsik`g, hék sdhak pdreotoag g pgrtoiopgæék ad g`uhks ike rdprkvgæék hgs aosiop`ohgs sdedstrgos d hde tgepkuik ks g`uhks ike pdhaìhiogs aosiop`ohgrds. KMY.< Dstd frupk gtugrç luhtk g Ikeossék ad Bkregturg lç dxostdhtd hk YQI- ]ok G ikeossék sdrç g ohtdredaogakrg dhtrd ks g`uhks bkreghaks d g aordtkrog qud advdrç gprkvgr tkags gs ohoiogtovgs d adiosôds g sdrde tkegags. G pgrtoiopgæék ag idroeñhog ad bkregturg ï ohaoigag g tkaks ks g`uhks. Igsks dspdiogos qud oepkssomo`otde g pgrtoiopgæék hg idroeñhog advdrék sdr dhigeohcgaks î aordtkrog. G idroeñhog gikhtdidrç de `kig` dstgmd`dioak pd`g ikeossék d gprkvgak pd`g aordæék ak YQI. Wug`qudr kutrg bdstovoagad advdrç sdr gfdhagag ike ghtdidaìhiog d gs ikhaoæôds pgrg g rdg`ozgæék ag edseg advdrék sdr dstuagags luhtk g aordtkrog. 77

 

9.7.  ID]OEÑHOG AD BK]EGQT]G  G pgrtoiopgæék hg idroeñhog ad bkregturg (mde ikek k usk ad oegfde hk ikhvotd ad bkregturg) dstç ikhaoiokhgag î advoag ikhi`usék ak iursk. Ks g`uhks ike egos ad >1 (qugtrk) aosiop`ohgs pdhadhtds hék sdrék gutkrozgaks g pgrtoiopgr ag idroeñhog, edsek qud g rdprkvgæék tdhcg ikek lustoboigtovg gs sotugæôds ad bg`tgs pkr dhbdreoagads ku kutrgs qudstôds `dfåtoegs. Dstds g`uhks advdrék vk`tgr de pdråkak kpkrtuhk pgrg ikhi`uor k iursk d, dhték, bkregr-sd hg idroeñhog sdfuohtd.

1.  ]DFT@GEDHQKY  IÙAOFK AD IKHATQG G sug ikhautg sdrç ikhstghtdedhtd gvg`ogag, ostk bgz pgrtd ag sug bkregæék eohostdrog`. K hkssk kmldtovk ï prdpgrç-`k ike gekr pgrg qud buturgedhtd, hk dxdriåiok ak sdu eohostïrok, euotgs bg`cgs ad igrçtdr lç tdhcge soak supdrgags. K prùprok Adus ikrrofd gks bo`cks g qude geg, pkr ossk hks sdhtoeks î vkhtgad pgrg adekhstrgr k hkssk gekr pkr vkiì, sd bkr prdiosk, gtrgvïs ad gavdrtìhiogs d ikrrdæôds. Adsirdvdeks g sdfuor tkags gs krodhtgæôds pgrg g sug ikhautg hk YQI- ]ok d bkrg ad`d tgemïe. G ikhautg ak g`uhk de sg`g ad gu`g (trglds, ikhvdrsg, sgåag ad sg`g, gtrgpg`cgr k ghagedhtk ag gu`g) sdrç gikepghcgag pd`k ekhotkr qud bgrç g advoag ghktgæék hk rd`gtùrok. Kigsokhgrç kikrrìhiog aosiop`ohgr ks igsks de qud k g`uhk hék iuepror ks rdfu`gedhtks ikhtoaks hdstd eghug`. Hk igsk ad cgvdr >9 (trìs) kikrrìhiogs pdagfùfoigs, k g`uhk rdidmdrç >7 (ueg) kikrrìhiog aosiop`ohgr khad sdrç gavdrtoak pd`g Ydirdtçrog Gigaìeoig. Hg 1ª kikrrìhiog pdagfùfoig k g`uhk sdrç gavdrtoak pd`g aordæék d k rdspkhsçvd` (pgos, `åadr, pgstkr) sdrç ikeuhoigak. Cgvdhak rdohioaìhiog, k g`uhk sdrç oedaogtgedhtd ads`ofgak ak YQI-]ok, gidotghak sdu rdtkrhk gpùs ue ghk, gtrgvïs ad ue hkvk prkidssk ad gaeossék. ^krtghtk, dstdlg prdpgrgak pgrg sumedtdr-sd îs rdfrgs adtg`cgags hdstd eghug`< G ’ Ï hdidssçrok qud tkak irdhtd vovg admgoxk ad ue pgarék aofhk ak Dvghfd`ck. Gssoe, ue igrçtdr irosték ï votg` hk qud aoz rdspdotk gk hkssk idhtrk ad bkregæék.Hùs irdeks sdr ag rdspkhsgmo`oagad ad igag g`uhk dhvk`voak hk YQI-]ok vovdr ueg voag dxdep`gr. Dspdrgeks bohghidorgs. qud ks g`uhks sdlge ao`ofdhtds d rdspkhsçvdos, iueprohak sugs kmrofgæôds 7=

 

M ’ G gaeohostrgæék ak YQI hék vg`oagrç, skm hdhcueg ioriuhstíhiog, qug`qudr dsto`k ad voag oekrg`, k qug` Adus, ték i`grgedhtd, gboreg qud gmkeohg d qug`qudr g`uhk qud sd dhvk`vdr de prçtoigs adssg hgturdzg, dstgrç suldotk g gbgstgedhtk oedaogtk ag Dsik`g. I ’ G aordæék ag dsik`g, g qug`qudr ekedhtk, sd lu`fgr hdidssçrok, pkad sk`oiotgr k gbgstgedhtk ak g`uhk ak Ydeohçrok Qdk`ùfoik Igroseg, sd dstd hék dstovdr ad gikrak ike ks pgarôds, prohiåpoks ku vg`krds ag ohstotuoæék. A - Hék ï pdreotoak gk g`uhk g dxpksoæék ad egtdrog` pgrg vdhag ad qug`qudr prkautk hgs adpdhaìhiogs ak Ydeohçrok. D - Hdhcue g`uhk dstç gutkrozgak g agr rdigaks de sg`g ad gu`g. B - Hdhcue g`uhk dstç gutkrozgak g bgzdr pdaoaks ad kbdrtgs, ohbkreg`edhtd, de qug`qudr gemodhtd YQI-]ok, edsek skm lustoboigtovg ad pgfgr aïmotks (prùproks ku ad tdridorks). K `dvghtgedhtk ad rdiursks advd gikhtdidr luhtk g sug bgeå`og, pgrdhtds, geofks, hg ofrdlg `kig`. Kbdrtgs dspkhtíhdgs pkadrék sdr dhigeohcgags gk adpgrtgedhtk bohghidork ag dsik`g. Gpdhgs g aordæék ag dsik`g pkadrç bgzdr pdaoaks ad kbdrtgs, pgrg qugosqudr bohg`oagads advoagedhtd ghuhiogags. F - Ï prkomoak k usk ad td`dbkhds pd`ks g`uhks (aurghtd gs gu`gs), tghtk pgrg rdg`ozgrde icgegags ikek pgrg rdidmdrde. De igsks ad dedrfìhiog bgeo`ogr g dsik`g pkadrç sdr ikhtgtgag.

4. IÙAOFKY AD Q]GLDY DE YG@G AD GT@G AK YQI   Dstd iùaofk advd sdr sdfuoak gtï k ü`toek aog ad gu`g de tkags gs adpdhaìhiogs ag Dsik`g, dxidtk qughak dxprdssgedhtd gutkrozgak pd`g aordæék.

4.7. Q]GLDY EGYIT@OHKY Ig`æg skiog` ku ldghs, igeosg skiog` ku pk`k (eghfg `khfg ku iurtg),  sgpgtk ku sgpgtìhos, edog d iohtk. KMY.< Ï vdagak gks g`uhks k usk ad trglds dspkrtovks topoigedhtd usgaks pgrg  prçtoig ad gtovoagads båsoigs.

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4.=.  Q]GLDY BDEOHOHKY  Rdstoak ku sgog ike ikeproedhtk hg g`turg ak lkd`ck. M`usg ike eghfg iurtg ku `khfg d ig`æg skiog` ku ldghs. Yghaç`ogs ku sgpgtks skiogos. Kms.< Ï kmrofgtùrok k usk ad rkupg åhtoegd vdagak k usk ad `dffohfs d m`usgs ike mgrrofg î ekstrg.

4.9.  COFODHD ^DYYKG@  Iu`tovd mkhs cçmotks, tgos ikek< mghck aoçrok d cofodhozgæék muig`, dhtrdtghtk, dvotde usgr euotk pdrbued.

2. ]DFT@GEDHQKY DE YG@G AD GT@G  G ’ Kbdrtgs - Hdhcueg kbdrtg, pkr qug`qudr rgzék, pkad sdr rdik`coag aurghtd gs gu`gs, sde g gutkrozgæék ku ohoiogtovg ag Aordtkrog ak YQI- ]ok. M ’ Gvosks - Hohfuïe dstç gutkrozgak g vdhadr, bgzdr ghühioks, prkpgfghag ku agr qug`qudr topk ad gvosk, dxidtk g Aordtkrog ak YQI- ]ok ku g`fue buhiokhçrok, sd gpkhtgak pd`k Ydeohçrok, hgs adpdhaìhiogs ak edsek. I ’ Ghktgæôds ags gu`gs - Igag g`uhk ï rdspkhsçvd` d advd gaeohostrgr gs sugs prùprogs ghktgæôds. Yugs ghktgæôds pkade sdr deprdstgags g kutrk g`uhk igsk tdhcg pdraoak gu`g pkr ektovk ad dedrfìhiog ku pkr dstgr de ikhvg`dsiìhiog. A ’ Aostrgæôds - ]d`ùfok ike g`gred, td`dbkhd id`u`gr, segrtpckhd, bkhd ad kuvoak, våadk fged, dti. Hék ï pdreotoak k usk ad hdhcue adssds otdhs de sg`g ad gu`g, pkr igusgrde aostrgæôds d ohtdrrupæôds hgs gu`gs. G`ïe aossk, ï adsrdspdotksk pgrg ike k Dspårotk Yghtk d ohstrutkrds. Bgvkr dvotgr kutrks topks ad aostrgæôds ikek, egsigr icoi`dtds, ikrtgr gs uhcgs, ik`kigr pïs hg igadorg, ikedhtçroks ikhtåhuks d kutrks gtks ohgprkprogaks de sg`g ad gu`g. K g`uhk ikrrdrç k rosik ad sdr icgegak î gtdhæék pd`k prkbdsskr, pkadhak fdrgr kikrrìhiog pdagfùfoig. D ’ @gptkps ku hktdmkkjs sdrék pdreotoaks de ikemohgæék ike g Ydirdtgrog Gigaìeoig, gssdfurghak qud hék igusgrék aostrgæék gks ik`dfgs. Ï DS^]DYYGEDHQD ^]KOMOAK k usk ag ohtdrhdt hk pdråkak ags gu`gs. K gidssk gk ikeputgakr advdrç sdr ühoig d dxi`usovgedhtd gk egtdrog` dsik`gr, boighak k g`uhk 71

 

suldotk î gavdrtìhiog ku g suspdhsék igsk hék iueprg ike gs hkregs dstgmd`dioags pd`k YQI-]ok. K gidssk î tkegag ad dhdrfog ï `oeotgak d k g`uhk ï rdspkhsçvd` pd`g mgtdrog ak sdu `gptkp ku hktdmkkj.

*GY GT@GY HÉK ^KADE YD] F]GRGAGY. IGYK YDLG ADQDIQGAK QG@ ^]ÇQOIG K G@THK YD]Ç GARD]QOAK.  B ’ Ohtdrrupæôds d ^drfuhtgs - Gs gu`gs hék advde sdr ohtdrrkepoags. Igsk vkiì tdhcg g`fueg aüvoag, dhtrdfud-g pkr dsirotk gk ekhotkr fdrg` ku gfugrad k ekedhtk de qud k prkbdsskr gmrorç ueg sdssék pgrg pdrfuhtgs. Igsk k edsek gmrg dspgæk pgrg pdrfuhtgs, k g`uhk pkadrç bgzì-`gs. Ossk boig g irotïrok ak prkbdsskr.

6. AOBOIT@AGADY DE YG@G AD GT@G  Qkag qudsték ad g`uhk advd sdr `dvgag, proedorgedhtd, gk ekhotkr, k qug` bgrç k advoak rdfostrk, dhigeohcghak-k g Ydirdtgrog Gigaìeoig qud bgrç k gikepghcgedhtk d tkegrç gs advoags prkvoaìhiogs. Ks g`uhks advde dvotgr, g tkak iustk, gmkragr ks prkbdsskrds aurghtd ks ohtdrvg`ks ad gu`gs (pgrg prkbdsskrds qud aék ks akos ckrçroks sdfuoaks ad gu`g).

3. ETAGHÆG AD AGAKY  K g`uhk advd ikeuhoigr, oedaogtgedhtd, î Ydirdtgrog Gigaìeoig qug`qudr g`tdrgæék ad agaks pdsskgos ikek hked, dhadrdæk, td`dbkhd, d-ego` d kutrks, pgrg qud k igagstrk pdreghdæg bod`.

?. EGQD]OG@ AOAÇQOIK  Ks egtdrogos aoaçtoiks (`ovrks, gpksto`gs d kutrks grquovks aofotgos) rdqudroaks pd`k YQI]ok dsték ohi`uåaks hgs pgrid`gs pgfgs î Dsik`g. K g`uhk qud dstovdr ike g`fueg pdhaìhiog bohghidorg hék rdidmdrç k egtdrog`. K egtdrog` bkrhdioak pd`g dsik`g ï dxi`usovgedhtd ak sdedstrd `dtovk.

7>. OHGAOE^@ÌHIOG  G`uhks qud hék dstovdrde de aog ike k pgfgedhtk pkadrék sdr ikmrgaks pd`g dsik`g d hék pkadrék rdhkvgr g egtråiu`g pgrg k prùxoek sdedstrd. 74

 

77. IÙAOFK AD CKH]G AK G@THK  Wughak ue g`uhk ï icgegak gk eohostïrok d sd adaoig pkr ikep`dtk î ^g`gvrg, d`d advd sd adaoigr ohtdfrg`edhtd de gfrgagr g Adus de sug voag pdsskg`. Ï ue ikeprkedtoedhtk ad =1 ckrgs pkr aog d ossk sd gp`oig g çrdg ad rd`giokhgedhtks, vkigiokhg`, skiog` d bohghidorg. ^kr dssg rgzék, euotk ï dspdrgak ak g`uhk, adhtrk d bkrg ad sg`g ad gu`g. K vdragadork aop`keg qud igag g`uhk advd ikhquostgr ï k ad ue aog kuvor Ldsus aozdr< ‐Euotk mde, sdrvk mke d bod`―. G vdragadorg gprkvgæék hék ï gqud`g kmtoag de sg`g ad gu`g, egs gqud`g ikhquostgag hg voag d hk eohostïrok. Ï hdidssçrok euotk egos qud k iueproedhtk ad rdfrgs ku aosiop`ohg ektovgag hk dxtdrokr. Igag g`uhk advd iu`tovgr ueg aosiop`ohg, ue sdhsk ad ikhvoiæék, ektovgæék d ikhsgfrgæék de sdu ohtdrokr. Igag ue advd bufor adssg gtotuad ad ‐sù bgæk k qud eghage―, bgzdhak sù k suboiodhtd d ‐pgssghak ad rgspék―. Igag g`uhk advd kbdrdidr g Adus k sdu ed`ckr d dstgr tktg`edhtd ikeprkedtoak de sugs kmrofgæôds, hék sd  lu`fghak pd`k adsdepdhck aks ak s kutrks. Ï ike dssd dspårotk qud k Iùaofk ad Ckhrg ak Ydeohçrok Qdk`ùfoik IG]OYEG ]OK bko dsirotk. Hék bko adsdhvk`voak pgrg sdr ueg rdfrg dxtdrhg gpdhgs, egs soe, rdb`dtor d grtoiu`gr ue ikeprkedtoedhtk sohidrk ad ue ohaovåauk qud dstç fdhuohgedhtd musighak sdr tuak k qud Adus p`ghdlku qud d`d bkssd.

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ADI@G]K WTD< DE EOHCG ROAG ^DYYKG@ G ’ Musigrdo kmdadidr î ^g`gvrg ad Adus d f`kroboiç-`k de tkaks ks edus igeohcks. M ’ Rovdrdo ad tg` eghdorg g sdr ueg mkg tdstdeuhcg ad Ldsus Irostk d g sdr ue mke rdb`dxk ak YQI. I ’ Ydrdo ueg pdsskg ckhdstg d åhtdfrg hk trgtk ike kutrgs pdsskgs. A ’ Iueprordo bod`edhtd gs eohcgs kmrofgæôds bohghidorgs d vovdrdo adhtrk ad eohcgs pkssds ikek ue mke adpksotçrok d hék adoxgrdo pgrg trçs aïmotks d aåvoags hék pgfgs. D ’ ]dikhcdidrdo eohcg rdspkhsgmo`oagad de sdr ueg ohb`uìhiog pksotovg d dhikrglgr k irdsioedhtk dsporotug` hg voag ad kutrks. Dvotgrdo qug`qudr ikepkrtgedhtk qud sdlg prdluaoiog` ku hdfgtovk pgrg ike ks kutrks.

IKEK G@THK AK YDEOHÇ]OK QDK@ÙFOIK IG]OYEG  G ’ Ydrdo rdspdotksk ike g gaeohostrgæék, ikkradhgæék d Aordtkrog ak YQI-]ok de tkak k tdepk. M ’ Yumedtdrdo-edkmdadidrdo g tkags gs hkregs d rdfu`gedhtks prkpkstks pd`g Dsik`g. I ’ Gp`oigrdo ao`ofdhtdedhtd gks edus dstuaks d musigrdo gtohfor k mdhdbåiok eçxoek, tghtk dsporotug` ikek ohtd`ditug` ad eohcg bkregæék. A ’ Dsbkrægrdo-ed pgrg hék bg`tgr d sdr pkhtug` de tkak k tdepk. Dssd ikeprkedtoedhtk sd dstdhad hék sù îs gu`gs, egs g tkags gs gtovoagads dsik`grds. D ’ Gigtgrdo tkags îs ikhsdquìhiogs ak hék iueproedhtk ags rdfrgs ikhtoags hdstd eghug`. B ’ Dvotgrdo qug`qudr ikhautg qud sdlg prdluaoiog` gk prkidssk ad gprdhaozgak ad kutrks, tghtk adhtrk ikek bkrg ad sg`g ad gu`g. F ’ Ikhfrdfgrdo hg eohcg Ofrdlg `kig` ad bkreg rdfu`gr d ikhsostdhtd d musigrdo sdrvo-`g bod`edhtd. 76

 

7=. DWTO^D IG]OYEG ]OK Aordtkrog Aordæék Fdrg`< ^r. Bd`oppdRg`gaék Aordæék Eohostdrog`< ^r. Lghadrskh Ekurg Aordæék Gigaìeoig< Aïmkrg Bdrrdorg Bohghidork< Rohoious ]karofuds Igepus Hotdrùo  Ydirdtçrog< _gseohGrgulk (=7) 92=?->?>> igrosegN`gfkohcghotdrko.ike.mr Igepus Qdrdsùpk`os Ikkradhgæék< ^r. ]gpcgd` Ykgrds Ydirdtçrog< Garoghg Yoqudorg (=7) =211-143> igrosegrokN`gfkohcgtdrdskpk`os.ike.mr Igepus Mgrrg ag Qoluig Ikkradhgæék< ^r. D`odzdr Mgstks Ydirdtçrog< Iomd`d Iruz (=7) ??376-4?1> igrosegrokN`gfkohcgmgrrg.ike Igepus Igmk Brok Ikkradhgæék< ^r. ]dhhgh Md``gs Ydirdtçrog1>-=17? igrosegN`gfkohcgigmkbrok.ike

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GADYÉK AK G@THK  Gadsék ak g`uhk îs hkregs ad ikhautg ak YQI- ]ok   Gssohghak dstd iùaofk ad ikhautg, du rdikhcdæk p`dhgedhtd qud k YQI-]ok ï ue Ydeohçrok pgrg bkregæék eohostdrog` dstgmd`dioak d gaeohostrgak ike mgsd de prohiåpoks d vg`krds irostéks. ^krtghtk, ï eohcg adiosék pdsskg` sumedtdr-ed g dstd iùaofk d rdspdotgr ks prohiåpoks d vg`krds dstgmd`dioaks. Du gborek qud `o tkak k Eghug` ak G`uhk, d dstku iodhtd ad qud ï eohcg rdspkhsgmo`oagad eghtdr vofo`íhiog g tkaks ks rdfu`gedhtks d hkregs ikhtoaks hk edsek. ]dikhcdæk qud iursgr k YQI-]ok ï ue provo`ïfok d qud k Ydeohçrok tde k aordotk ad gbgstgr qug`qudr g`uhk, g qug`qudr tdepk, pgrg fgrghtor qud sdus oadgos dsporotugos d ad dxid`ìhiog ekrg` sdlge eghtoaks. Dhtdhak qud g eohcg gssohgturg ohaoig eohcg gidotgæék adstd iùaofk ad ikhautg d ï ue d`k ad ikhtrgtk dhtrd eoe d k YQI. Dstku iodhtd qud g gssohgturg adstd akiuedhtk ï ue prï-rdquosotk pgrg eghtdr eohcg egtråiu`g. Adi`grk qud dstku ad gikrak ike gs hkregs d ikhautgs ak YQI.  [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[,  [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[[, [[[[[[[[[ ad [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[ [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ ad [[[ [[[[[[[[[[[ [[[[[[[[ Hked ak(g) g`uhk(g)