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LONGMAN
DICTIONARY
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LONGMAN
~
>1
DICTIONARY
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Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated
Companies throughout
the World
Visit our website: http://www.longman.com/dictionaries
© Pearson Education Limited 2000 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publishers. First published 2000 06 08 09
07
05
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication
Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cata/oging
in publication data Longman phrasal verbs dictionary: over 5000 phrasal verbs. p. cm. I. English language-Verb phrase-Dictionaries. I. Title: Phrasal verbs dictionary. 11.Longman (Firm: New York, N.Y.) PE1319 .L66 2000 423'.I-dc21
Words that the editors have reason to believe constitute trademarks have been described as such. However, neither the presence nor the absence of such a description any trademark.
should be regarded as affecting the legal status of
ISBN o
582 291836 (Cased edition) o 582 291828 (Paperback edition)
Set in 8/8.3 Stempel Schneidler by Peter White Printed in China PPLC/04
&
Peter Wray
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CONTENTS page
Acknowledgements
vii
Guide to using the dictionary
viii
Introduction
xi
The dictionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Phrasal verb activator Clothes
275
Computers
276
Continue
277
Drinking
278
Driving
279
Eating
280
L eave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 81
Like/dislike
282
Love
friendship
283
On the telephone
284
Problems
285
Sleeping & awake
286
Start
287
&
Stop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
288
TV/radio/lights/machines
289
Weather
290
Irregular verbs
605
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vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Director Della Summers
Production Manager Clive McKeough Project Manager Alan Savill
Editorial Director Adam Gadsby
Project Coordinator Denise Denney
Publishers Laurence Delacroix Emma Campbell
Editorial Manager Sheila Dallas
Managing Editor Chris Fox
Production Editor Andrew Taylor
Editors Sheila Dignen Ted Jackson [o Leigh Evadne Adrian-Vallance
Design Jenny Fleet Keyboarder Pauline Savill Production Assistant Susan Braund
Lexicographers Elaine Pollard
Proofreaders Alison Steadman Gerard Delaney
Korey Egge
Evadne Adrian-Vallance [o Leigh Ted Jackson Martin Stark W e w ould like to acknow ledge project by Robert Alien.
Cover Andrea
the
Hoyle
developm ent
w ork
done
for this
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viii
GUIDE
TO USING THE
DICTIONARY M A IN V E RB
FORMS OF THE VERB Past tense, past participle, and present participle of main verb P HR AS AL
V ER B
Phrasal verbs are listed under main verbs in alphabetical order:
FREQUENCY
STAR
Commonly used phrasal verbs are marked with a star:
GRAMMAR PATTERNS show whether the phrasal verb has an object, and where you put the object. The object is written as '5th' or 'sb ',
FIXED PHRASE Fixed phrases that contain a phrasal verb are shown in bold,
USAGE NOTE This gives you extra information about when to use the ph rasal verb,
GRAMMAR HELP This tells you if the phrasal verb is used or not in the passive or progressive,
LABELS Labels tell you if a verb IS formal, informal, spoken, or literary English,
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DEFINITION
Definitions are written using the 2000-word Longman defining vocabulary, which makes them clear and easy to use.
LABELS
Labels also tell you if a verb is only used in American English (A m E ) or British English (8 rE ).
SIMILARTO
references show verbs and phrasal verbs with similar meaning. OPPOSITE
references show verbs and phrasal verbs with opposite meaning.
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions used with the phrasal verb are shown in bold. RELATED NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
These are shown after the sense of the phrasal verb they refer to.
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xi
INTRODUCTION I. What is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb is a verb that consists of two or three words. Most phrasal verbs consist of two words - the first word is a verb, and the second word is a particle. The particle is either an adverb or a preposition.
Examples of common phrasal verbs include get up,
go off, turn on, make out, and deal with. There are also some three-word
phrasal
verbs, for example catch up with, look forward to. An important
feature of phrasal verbs is that they are typically idiomatic. Therefore
whole meaning of a phrasal verb cannot be understood
the
by simply putting together the
meanings of its individual parts. For example, the meaning of cany out (=do) in the sentence Scientists carried out an experiment is not related to the normal meaning of 'carry' or the meaning of 'out'. Similarly, you could not guess the meaning
of pull up (=stop)
in the sentence A car pulled up outside the house from the separate meanings of 'pull' and 'up'. A phrasal verb such as answer back (=answer rudely) is related to the meaning of the verb 'answer', back.
of answer
but this would not help you to guess the meaning
Where a verb freely combines
with an adverb or preposition
to produce
an ordinary
meaning, this is NOT a phrasal verb. In sentences such as The boy fell off his bike and W e carried some chairs out into the garden, 'fall off' and 'carry out' are not phrasal verbs.
2. Types of phrasal verb included in this dictionary of VERB + ADVERBIPREPOSmON
•
idiomatic above
combinations
•
verbs that only exist in combination as rely on, amount
of the type described
with a particular preposition
or adverb, such
to, gee up; and also verbs that only produce
meaning when combined with a particular prepositon
a particular
or adverb, such as deal with,
abide by, relate to
•
VERB + ADVERB combinations up, hurry up, toil away,
completeness
or continuity
that mean almost the same as the verb itself: eg eat where
the adverb
adds
emphasis
or an idea
of
to the action of the verb
•
phrasal verbs that always have 'it' as their object: eg hit it off, jump to it, slug it out
•
reflexive phrasal verbs, where the object is always 'myself', 'yourself',
'itself' ete: eg
pride yourself on, avail yourself of, lend itself to NB Do not expect to find fixed idiomatic phrases such as 'step out of line' and 'eat your heart out' in this book. You can find them in the Longman Idioms Dictionary.
3. How do I find the phrasal verb I want in this dictionary? First look for the main verb. Phrasal verbs are listed alphabetically
according
to their
particles after each main verb. When you get to the phrasal verb you want, you will find that the senses of each phrasal verb are listed in order of frequency. that the commonest verb meanings important
meanings
have a
are listed first. The commonest
i~ next
to them,
This means
and most useful phrasal
so that you can see which
are the most
ones to know, •
For example, suppose you are looking for get up, meaning to 'get out of bed'. First look for the main verb GET. Get up is near the end of the phrasal verbs in GET, after phrasal verbs such as get about, get ahead, and get together. You then need to look for which meaning
sense of get up you want.
The sense of get up
to 'get out of bed' is the first sense given. This means that it is the most
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xii
frequently
used sense - in this dictionary
the senses of the phrasal verbs are listed in
order of frequency, so the most frequent sense comes first.
4. Grammar information The new Longman Phrasal Verbs Dictionary demonstrates
clearly how phrasal verbs are
used, with grammar patterns shown at each sense. These show whether takes an object, where human. Grammar
For example, patterns:
Iturn on I s t h l
the object goes, and whether
a phrasal verb
the object is human
or non-
patterns are also placed in order of frequency.
at tum on (=make something
Iturn
start working),
there are two grammar
I~
These patterns show that the object can come either after the phrasal verb or between the verb and the particle. NB The examples also show how this phrasal verb is used, and how the position of the object can vary - I turned on the radio and listened to the 6 o'clock news. I Could you turn
the oven on if you're going into the kitchen? I Marion walked over to the overhead projector and turned it on. At nod off (=start to go to sleep), there is only one grammar I
pattern:
nod off I
This grammar show this:
pattern shows that the verb does not take an object. The examples also
Old Tom had nodded off in front of the television. I I missed the end of her lecture - I think I must have nodded off. At join in (=take part in an activity with other people) the grammar patterns are:
Ijoin inl
Ijoin in ~
These grammar patterns show that join in can be used without an object, or with an object immediately after the phrasal verb. The examples also show this:
When we come to the chorus, I want everyone to join in. I Politely, he joined in the laughter. At talk into (=persuade
someone
to do something,
unwilling to do), the following grammatical
especially
something
they are
pattern is shown:
Italk [ S b ] into I~ This shows that talk into must have two objects, the first is a person (sb), and the second is a thing (5th). The examples also show this:
I should never have let you talk me into this crazy scheme. I "Why did you go with him?" "Wen he sort of talked me into it!"
Separable phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs such as turn on, put off, and rip off, all of which can take an object in the middle of the phrasal verb or after the phrasal verb, are usually called 'separable' phrasal verbs. With separable phrasal verbs, the following rules apply: If the object is a pronoun,
such as 'it', 'her', 'them',
'me',
'you'
etc, it must come
between the verb and the adverb: eg tum off If you're n ot listening to the radio, I'll turn it off. (NOT I'll turn off it.) If the object is a long phrase, it should come at the end, after the phrasal verb: eg carry out The French carried out a series of six nuclear tests.
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xiii
5. Other useful information in this dictionary
Synonyms and opposites A synonym is a word or phrase that has the same meaning as another word. If a phrasal verb has a synonym or a word that has almost the same meaning, this is shown at the end of that sense of the phrasal verb. The synonym or a verb phrase. The synonym(s)
are introduced
can be a verb, a phrasal verb,
by the words 'SIMILAR TO'. Here are
some examples: At put off (=delay doing something
until later, or arrange for something
to happen at
a later time) SIMILARTO, postpone
At head for (=go towards a place) SIMILARTO, make
for
At put on (=make a light or machine start working) SIMILARTO, switch
Opposites
on, turn on
are shown as follows:
turn up (=increase the amount
of sound, heat etc)
OPPOSITE, turn down
Information about whether or not a phrasal verb is passive Phrasal verbs that are usually passive are marked 'USUALLY PASSNE'. Phrasal verbs that are never used in the passive are marked 'NOT PASSNE'. If a phrasal verb is only normally used in the passive, it is shown in its passive form in bold at the head of the entry. For example, at be booked up (=there are no more seats, rooms, places etc available used in British English), only the form be booked
up is shown.
Related nouns or adjectives Nouns and adjectives which are related to a phrasal verb are shown after the meaning of the phrasal verb that they are derived from. For example, blackout after the phrasal
verb black
out (=suddenly
become
unconscious),
(noun) appears and made-up
(adjective) appears after the phrasal verb make up (=invent a story, name etc)
Labels The following labels are used in this dictionary:
E rE
used in British English
AmE
used in American English
spoken
used mainly in spoken English
informal
used when speaking or writing to people that you know well
formal
used in speeches,
in serious or official writing,
but not in ordinary
conversation
old-fashioned
used by people
in the past, although
you may sometimes
hear it
being used now
literary
used in literature but not in ordinary
technical
used when talking or writing about specific technical subjects which
conversation
are not familiar to most ordinary people
taboo
this expression
is extremely
rude and offensive
and you should not
use it
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