La Tasa de Desempleo en El Peru

 

\BJYLVQJNMN BMAJCBME NL ^V\HJEEC  LQA\LEM NL PCQGVMNC \BJNMN NL PCQGVMNC LB AJLBAJMQ LACBÑOJAMQ

― L Lbsmyc bsmyc nl em vmrjmfel lacbñojam8 ^msm nl nlslopelc y su rlemajñb acb le

PFJ y em Jbimajñb lb bulstrc pmïs, nlsnl =:40 dmstm 6060.‟  

LBQMZC NL EM YMVJMFEL LACBCOJAM8 ^MQM NL NLQLOPELC OMLQ^VJM LB AJLBAJMQ LACBÑOJAMQ OLBAJÑB LB   MNOJBJQ^VMAJÑB NL BLGCAJCQ BLGCAJCQ

 

Mutcr Ncal Nc albt btl l

8F Fmmad. A Ad dívlz P Pc c smnm, Hu Humb A Ammrecs 8 Nr Nr.. Nl Nlee Vc Vcsm smrj rjc c Mem Memrc rc,, Ombu Ombule le Hcsê Hcsê

 

^V\HJEEC ‑ PLVØ 606=

 

EM ^MQM NL NLQLOPELC LB LE PLV\ Megubms nlbjajcbls y acbalptcs8 

Pcfema Pcf emajñb jñb lb Lnmn Lnmn nl ^rm ^rmfmh fmhmr mr (PL^). (PL^).- Ls mqul mquleeeemm pc pcfe fema majñ jñb b nlib nlibjn jnmm pc pcrr em emss bcro bcroms ms

jbtlrbmajcbmels (CJ^), acoc mptm lb aumbtc m lnmn pmrm lhlralr ubajcbls prcnuavms (nl => mýcs y oís nl lnmn). Bc lxjstl ubjcrojnmn jbtlrbmajcbme pmrm nlibjr m em Pcfemajñb lb Lnmn nl ^rmfmhmr (PL^). Lb Moêrjam Embm y Amrjfl, em PL^ dm sjnc prlajsmnm lb ubajñb m ems amrmatlrïsams nle olramnc emfcrme nl amnm pmïs. Qjb lofmrgc, lb em omycrïm nl leecs, sl nltlrojbm tcombnc lb acbsjnlrmajñb em lnmn oïbjom. Lb le Plrø, sl lstmfelajñ lb => mýcs, em lnmn oïbjom pmrm nlibjr em Pcfemajñb lb Lnmn nl ^rmfmhmr, tcombnc lb acbsjnlrmajñb ec lspuemnc lb le Acbvlbjc =14 nl em Crgmbjzmajñb Jbtlrbmajcbme nle ^rmfmhc (0=:) scfrl lnmn oïbjom. Em PL^ sl sufnjvjnl lb Pcfemajñb Lacbñojamolbtl Mavm (PLM) acbcajnm tmofjêb acoc em Iulrzm nl ^rmfmhc y Pcfemajñb Lacbñojamolbtl Jbmavm (PLJ).

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Pcfemajñb Lacbñojamolbtl Mavm (PLM). - Ls em clrtm nl ombc nl cfrm lb le olramnc nl

trmfmhc y lstí acbstujnm pcr le acbhubtc nl plrscbms, qul acbtmbnc acb em lnmn oïbjom ls lstmf tmfel elajn ajnmm (=> mýcs mýcs lb le amsc amsc nle Plrø), Plrø), crla crlalb lb em ombc ombc nl cfrm cfrm njs njspcb pcbjfe jfell pmrm pmrm em prcnuaajñb nl fjlbls y/c slrvjajcs nurmbtl ub plrïcnc nl rllrlbajm nltlrojbmnc. Pcr ec tmbtc, ems plrscbms scb acbsjnlrmnms lacbñojamolbtl mavms, sj acbtrjfuylb c lstíb njspcbjfels pmrm em prcnuaajñb nl fjlbls y slrvjajcs. Em PLM acoprlbnl m ems plrscbms, qul nurmbtl le plrïcnc nl rllrlbajm lstmfmb trmfmhmbnc (caupmncs) c fusambnc mavmolbtl ub trmfmhc (nlslopelmncs).

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Em Pcfemajñb Lacbñojamolbtl Jbmavm (PLJ). - Ls le grupc nl plrscbms lb lnmn nl trmfmhmr qul

bc pmrajpmb lb le olramnc emfcrme. Ls nlajr, qul bc rlmejzmb bj fusamb megubm mavjnmn lacbñojam. Em PLJ lstí acbcromnm pcr ecs lstunjmbtls, hufjemncs c plbsjcbjstms, rlbstms, plrscbms nlnjamnms m ecs quldmalrls nle dcgmr, mbajmbcs, lta.

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Pcfemajñb Lacbñojamolbtl Mavm caupmnm.- Pmrm nltlrojbmr qul ubm plrscbm sl lbaulbtrm

caupmnm sl uejzmb aumtrc arjtlrjcs8 j). Caupmncs scb ems plrscbms nl => mýcs y oís nl lnmn qul lstuvjlrcb pmrajpmbnc lb megubm mavjnmn lacbñojam, lb le plrïcnc nl rllrlbajm. jj). Ecs trmfmhmncrls nlplbnjlbtls, qul tlbjlbnc lopelc ihc, bc trmfmhmrcb, em slombm mbtlrjcr, pcr dmeemrsl nl vmamajcbls, dulegm, ejalbajm pcr lblrolnmn, ejalbajm prl y pcst-bmtme, lta., tcnms leems pmgmnms. jjj). Ecs trmfmhmncrls jbnlplbnjlbtls, qul lstuvjlrcb tlopcrmeolbtl muslbtls nle trmfmhc nurmbtl le plrïcnc nl rllrlbajm; plrc, em loprlsm c blgcajc sjgujñ ubajcbmbnc. jv). M ems plrscbms qul bc lstuvjlrcb lb bjbgubm nl ems acbnjajcbls mbtlrjcrls sl els jbnmgm sj

 

rlmejzmrcb megubm mavjnmn lacbñojam lb le plrïcnc nl rllrlbajm, me olbcs ubm dcrm, pcr ec aume rlajfjrí pmgc lb njblrc y/c lsplajl.

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^msm nl Mavjnmn Mav jnmn (c nl Pmrajpmaj Pm rajpmajñb). ñb). - Ls em prcpcrajñb nl em PLM (pcfemajñb lacbñojamolbtl lacbñojamolbtl

mavm) rlsplatc nl em PL^ (pcfemajñb lb lnmn nl trmfmhmr). Em tmsm nl mavjnmn ls le jbnjamncr qul ojnl le grmnc nl pmrajpmajñb nl em pcfemajñb lb lnmn nl trmfmhmr lb em mavjnmn lacbñojam. 

^msm nl Lop Lopelc. elc. - Ls em prcpcrajñb nl plrscbms qul sl lbaulbtrmb caupmnms scfrl le tctme nl em

pcfemajñb lacbñojamolbtl mavm. 

Nlslope Nlsl opelc. lc. - Ls em acbnjajñb nl ems plrscbms lb lnmn y ampmajnmn pmrm trmfmhmr qul fusamb

mavmolbtl ub pulstc nl trmfmhc, acb pcsjfjejnmnls nl lbacbtrmrec c lb ctrcs sjb pcsjfjejnmnls nl lbacbtrmrec, lb lstl øeoc amsc sl eemom nlslopelc mfjlrtc. 

^msm nl Nlslopelc Nl slopelc Mfjlrtc. Mfjlrtc .- Ls em prcpcrajñb nl plrscbms nlslopelmnms c nlscaupmnms, qul

lstíb fusambnc mavmolbtl ub lopelc, lbtrl em PLM. Pmrm nltlrojbmr m ecs nlslopelmncs mfjlrtcs sl acbsjnlrmb ems acbnjajcbls sjgujlbtls8 ―Qjb lopelc‟, ―Acrrjlbtlolbtl njspcbjfel pmrm trmfmhmr‟ y lb ―Fusam nl lopelc‟. 

Vmc Lopelc pcfemajñb.- Em rmzñb Lopelc-pcfemajñb, sl nlibl acoc em prcpcrajñb nl em

ulrzm nl trmfmhc caupmnm nl ub pmïs. \b ïbnjal metc jbnjam qul ub pcralbtmhl metc nl em pcfemajñb lstí lb em caupmajñb, ojlbtrms qul ub ïbnjal fmhc jbnjam qul grmb pmrtl nl em pcfemajñb bc pmrajpm njrlatmolbtl lb mavjnmnls rlemajcbmnms acb le olramnc emfcrme, ym slm pcr lstmr nlscaupmnms, c pcr lstmr ulrm nl em ulrzm nl trmfmhc.

   

LQ^V\A^\VM NL EM PCFEMAJCB QLGØB ACBNJAJCB NL MA^JYJNMN

Pcfemajñb ^ctme

PL^ (=> mýcs m oís)

PLM (Iulrzm Emfcrme)

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Pcfemajñb olbcr m => mýcs

PLJ

Caupmncs

Nlscaupmncs Cauetcs

Nlscaupmncs Mfjlrtcs

PLJ Pelbm

Nlibjajñb Nlibjaj ñb ^êabjam

Em tmsm nl nlslopelc, tmofjêb acbcajnm acoc tmsm nl pmrc, ojnl le bjvle nl nlscaupmajñb lb rlemajñb acb em PLM. Lb ctrms pmemfrms, ls em pmrtl nl em pcfemajñb qul lstmbnc lb lnmn, acbnjajcbls y njspcsjajñb nl trmfmhmr (PLM), bc lbl pulstc nl trmfmhc. Em tmsm nl pmrc ls ouy øe pmrm acbcalr ems plrscbms qul bc lstíb trmfmhmbnc. Qu ñrouem sl ameauem nl em sjgujlbtl omblrm8

 

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Em tmsm tmsm nl nlslop nlslopelc elc ls ub jbnjam jbnjamncr ncr pcfemajc pcfemajcbme bme qul bcs oulstrm oulstrm le pcral pcralbtm btmhl hl nl em pcfemajñb lacbñojamolbtl mavm qul amrlal nl trmfmhc lb ub sjstlom lacbñojac lb amnm plrjcnc plrj cnc nl lopc nltlrojbm nltlrojbmnc, nc, auyc dcrjzcbtl dcrjzcbtl pulnl slr ub ols, fjolstrl, fjolstrl, trjolstrl, trjolstrl, slolstrl c mbume rlsplavmolbtl. rlsplavmolbtl. Em ajrm ajrm nle nlslopelc nlslopelc ls ubm jbcromajñb jbcromajñb pcfemajcbme pcfemajcbme ameauemnm ameauemnm y rlgjstrmnm rlgjstrmnm pcr le JBLJ JBLJ   lb bulstrc pmïs, em aume sl rlmejzm m trmvês nle LBMDC LBMDC..

Em Aurvm nl Pdjeejps P djeejps m Acrtc A crtc Pemzc Pemz c

Em aurvm nl Pdjeejps ls ub prjbajpjc nl em tlcrïm lacbñojam qul lstmfelal ubm rlemajñb jbvlrsm lbtrl em jbimajñb jbimajñb y  y le nlslopelc nlslopelc nl  nl ub pmïs. Ec qul sjgbjiam qul ubm rlnuaajñb lb le bjvle nl nlslopelc vjlbl prlalnjnc nl ub muolbtc lb ecs smemrjcs, ec aume mutcoíamolbtl, sl trmsemnmrïm m ub muolbtc glblrmejzmnc lb ecs prlajcs, ec qul qujlrl nlajr ls qul ojlbtrms olbcr slm em tmsm nl nlslopelc, dmfrí olbcs trmfmhmncrls fusambn fusambnc c trmfmhc. Em aurvm nl Pdjeejps pmrtl nle prjbajpjc nl qul em ambnmn nl njblrc ajrauembtl (acoøbolbtl nlbcojbmnm ―omsm ocbltmrjm‟) lbl llatcs rlmels scfrl em lacbcoïm m acrtc pemzc. Nl lstm omblrm, ub muolbtc nl em omsm ocbltmrjm tlbnrïm ub llatc flbliajcsc scfrl em nlombnm mgrlgmnm. Puls, acoc rllhm em aurvm, ecs ajunmnmbcs gmstmríb oís me vlr jbarlolbtmncs sus smemrjcs bcojbmels (llatc acbcajnc acoc ―jeusjñb ocbltmrjm‟). Pcr tmbtc, arlmbnc msï ub omrac oís mvcrmfel m em jbvlrsjñb ym qul ems plrsplavms nl ubcs prlajcs me mezm olhcrmríb ems lxplatmvms nl flbliajcs nl ems loprlsms.

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Em olhcrm nl em nlombnm mgrlgmnm sl trmnuajrïm lb ub omycr arlajojlbtc lacbñojac, y êstl m su vlz lb em arlmajñb nl bulvcs pulstcs nl trmfmhc. Ls msï acoc qulnm lstmfelajnm ubm rlemajñb jbvlrsm lbtrl jbmajñb y nlslopelc, lxprlsmnm gríiamolbtl pcr ubm aurvm nlsalbnlbtl.

 

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Em Aurvm nl Pdjeejps P djeejps m Emrgc E mrgc Pemzc Pemzc..

Bc cfstmbtl, tmofjêb lxjstl ubm aurvm nl Pdjeejps m emrgc pemzc, em aume bc sl mhustm m em rlemajñb mbtlrjcr. Lb lstl amsc, sl pmrtl nle supulstc nl qul acb le pmsc nle lopc ecs mglbtls lacbñojacs acbnjajcbmríb acbnjajcbmríb su acopcrtmojlbtc m ems prlvjsjcbls nl jbmajñb, y lstc mbuemrïm ecs llatcs rlmels scfrl em lacbcoïm8 sl trmtm nle prjbajpjc nl em blutrmejnmn nle njblrc m emrgc pemzc, rlprlslbtmnc gríiamolbtl pcr ubm eïblm vlrame lb le vmecr acbsjnlrmnc acoc em tmsm bmturme nl nlslopelc nl slopelc..

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Em tmsm bmturme n nl l nlslopelc nlslo pelc (eïblm vlrame) sj sl pmrtl nl ubm sjtumajñb nl nlslopelc qul le

gcfjlrbc nlslm acrrlgjr, jbjajmrí ubm pceïam isame lxpmbsjvm; em aume arlmrí lopelc, plrc me ojsoc lopc sufjrí ecs prlajcs; y msï sl qulrrí njsojbujr em jbmajñb rlsuetmbtl acb ubm pceïam isame rlstrjavm, em aume muolbtmrí le nlslopelc, arlmbnc ctrm bulvm aurvm. 

Qualsjvmolbtl le gcfjlrbc acbbumrí nmbnc usc m sus dlrrmojlbtms nl pceïams isamels, acb le Qualsjvmolbtl ib nl njsojbujr le nlslopelc plrc acbsjgujlbnc ubm tlbnlbajm møb oís jbmajcbmrjm. Qjb lofmrgc, le gcfjlrbc bc pulnl rlnuajr plromblbtlolbtl plromblbtlolbtl le nlslopelc nl lstl ocnc, pcrqul ecs trmfmhmncrls trmfmhmncrls blgc blgcajmb ajmb smemrjcs smemrjcs rlmels, rlmels, ls nlajr, nlajr, mhustmncs mhustmncs pcr em jbmajñb jbmajñb,, bc smemrjcs smemrjcs bcojbmels. Nl lstl ocnc sj em tmsm nl jbmajñb dm sjnc nle =0% lb ecs øeocs mýcs. Ecs trmfmhmncrls qul nlsllb ombtlblr su bjvle mnqujsjvc acbstmbtl, fusamrmb muolbtmr sus

 

smemrjcs m ubm tmsm nl me olbcs le =0 % mbume. Qj le gcfjlrbc nlajnl rlnuajr le nlslopelc acb ubm pceïam ocbltmrjm lxpmbsjvm qul muolbtl em jbmajñb me =< % pulnl rlnuajrec nurmbtl ub acrtc plrïcnc nl lopc, plrc m olnjnm qul ecs trmfmhmncrls mhustlb sus lxplatmvms, em tmsm nl nlslopelc vcevlrí m su bjvle mbtlrjcr, plrc em tmsm nl jbmajñb plromblalrí lb ub =< %.

A\MNVC NL EMQ YMVJMFELQ LACBCOJAMQ8 PFJ, JBIEMAJCB Z ^MQM NL NLQLOPELC LB LE PLV\ (=:4= me =:4 %

===.6 %

:.0 %

=:4>

1.9 %

==0.6 %

4.: %

=:4<

6.= %

=91.> %

4.> %

PVCOLNJ C

0.=> %

=:>.:> %

7.:> %

Le rlgrlsc nl Flemubnl me pcnlr ul tmb mpctlñsjac acoc su trjubc lelatcrme. Plrc em arjsjs pceïam, lacbñojam y scajme qul nlfïm lbrlbtmr lrm ouadc oís acopelhm y nlejamnm qul em nle mýc =:91. Vlmacbnjajcbmr le Lstmnc acoc crgmbjzmajñb nlocaríam rlprlslbtmvm y nlvcevlrel me pmïs em acbimbzm lb em slgurjnmn hurïnjam pmrm vjvjr lb em ely y em ejflrtmn nlspuês nl =6 mýcs nl njatmnurm lrm, nl pcr sï, ub prcfelom acopelhc. Z tmofjêb, lb lscs =6 mýcs, em nlunm lxtlrbm plrumbm dmfïm arlajnc lb =6 vlals y em jbmajñb lstmfm eelgmbnc m ecs trls nïgjtcs. 

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Lb le plrjcnc =:40-=:4 % nl nêiajt isame, y le nêiajt nl 6.< % lb em fmembzm acolrajme, em aume ul rlauplríbncsl mubqul bc sustmbajmeolbtl tuvc ub jopmatc blgmvc lb le PFJ. Qjb lofmrgc le arlajojlbtc nle PFJ lb ecs sjgujlbtls ncs mýcs nl gcfjlrbc qul el qulnmfm me mrqujtlatc Ilrbmbnc Flemubnl ^lrry X4.: % (=:4>) y 4.> % (=:4 %

77.: %

7.: %

=:47

:.7 %

4 %

997.0 %

7.4 %

=:4:

-=6.1 %

1,1:4.9 %

4.= %

=::0

-< .0 %

7,>4=.7 %

% (=:49) (=:49) y :.7 % (=:47) (=:47);; nurmbt nurmbtll ls lstl tl plrïcn plrïcnc c ems tmsms nl nlslop nlslopelc elc møb acbbumfmb sjlbnc metms 7.: % (=:49) y 7.7 % (=:47). 

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Lstm fulbm plrcrombal nl em lacbcoïm lstuvc amrmatlrjzmnm pcr ub muolbtc nl sulencs y smemrjcs, le acbglemojlbtc nl prlajcs nl ecs prjbajpmels prcnuatcs mejolbajcs, mequjelrls, rlnuaajñb nl ecs prlajcs nl ecs omtlrjmels nl acbstruaajñb, em njsojbuajñb nl ems tmsms nl jbtlrês fmbamrjms, acbtrce acbtrce nle pc nl amofjc (nñemr O\A), le prcgrmom nl lopelc lopelc omsjvc m trmvês nle prcgrmom nl lopelc tlopcrme (PL^), lbtrl ctrcs. Lb =:49, m metm nl jbgrlscs nl  jbgrlscs suajlbtls y suajlbtls y nl jbvlrsjñb jbvlrsjñb pmrm  pmrm rlmavmr em lacbcoïm, le gcfjlrbc rlaurrjñ m prêstmocs lxtrmbhlrcs qul oís tmrnl sl vcevjlrcb jbscstlbjfels; y em nlajsjñb nl

 

ejojtmr le pmgc nl em nlun nlunmm lxtlrbm lxtlrbm   me =0% nl ems lxpcrtmajcbls el olrlajñ me Plrø slr acbsjnlrmnc acoc ub "pmïs bc lelgjfel" pcr pmrtl nle Icbnc Ocbltmrjc Jbtlrbmajcbme (IOJ). 

Ijbmeolbtl, ul rlajêb dmajm olnjmncs nl =:44 qul Gmraïm sl acbvlbajñ nl em blalsjnmn nl ubm «Gulrrm Ircbtme» acbtrm em arjsjs lacbñojam, mpejaíbncsl lb llatc ub prcgrmom nl mhustl lacbñojac. Acb leec sl fusamfm nltlblr em jbmajñb y em rlalsjñb, mamfmr acb em plrnjnm nl njvjsms y nmr ub acbtlxtc nl lstmfjejnmn y acbimbzm m ecs mglbtls lacbñojacs. Qjb lofmrgc le prcgrmom lb ecs sjgujlbtls trls mýcs glblrc ubm rlalsjñb sjb prlalnlbtls lb em djstcrjm rlpufejambm nl bulstrc pmïs, ncbnl le PFJ nlarlal lb olbcs nl :.> % (=:44) m olbcs =6.1 % (= (=:4 :4:) :) y nl olbc olbcss

=6.1 %

61.7 %

4.6 %

=::<

7.> %

==.=%

7.< %

=::9

6.4 %

==.< %

7.> %

=::7

9.< %

4.< %

9.9 %

=::4

- 0.> %

7.1 %