IGCSE Tests for Cations and Anions

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Aluminium (Al3+)

Effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide White ppt., soluble in excess giving a colourless solution EFFECT OF AQ AMMONIA: White ppt., insoluble in excess

2.

Ammonium (NH4+)

Effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: Ammonia produced on warming

3.

Calcium (Ca2+)

Effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: White ppt., insoluble in excess EFFECT OF AQ AMMONIA: No ppt. or very slight white ppt.

4.

Carbonate (CO32-)

Add dilute acid Effervescence, carbon dioxide produced

5.

Chloride (Cl-) (in solution)

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate White ppt.

6.

Copper (Cu2+)

Effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: Light blue ppt., insoluble in excess EFFECT OF AQ AMMONIA: Light blue ppt., soluble in excess, giving a dark blue solution

7.

Iodide (I-) (in solution)

Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate Yellow ppt.

8.

Iron(II) (Fe2+)

Effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: Green ppt., insoluble in excess EFFECT OF AQ AMMONIA: Green ppt., insoluble in excess

9.

Iron(III) (Fe3+) Red

Effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: Red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess EFFECT OF AQ AMMONIA: Red-brown ppt., insoluble in excess

10.

Nitrate (NO3-) (in solution)

Add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then aluminium foil; warm carefully Ammonia produced

11.

Sulfate (SO42-)

Acidify, then add aqueous barium nitrate White ppt.

12.

Zinc (Zn2+)

Effect of aqueous sodium hydroxide: White ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution EFFECT OF AQ AMMONIA: White ppt., soluble in excess, giving a colourless solution