DVH-7680AV: Manual de Instruções
February 13, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Lncunh jk mcstruéûks PKGK_ZFP JK NU JUJ
JUD-954?NU
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
GKPZMEMGNJF JK INPNCZMN N_NPKHDF 1 JUD-954?NU CFLK JF GFL_PNJFP 1
ZKHKEFCK 1 GK_ 1 GMJNJK 1 KWZNJF 1 KCJKPKÉF 1 JNZN JN GFL_PN 1 CFZN EMWGNH 1 UKCJMJF _FP 1 Cf JK WÍPMK 1 Ntkcéçf Kstk Gkrtmemgnjf jk Inrnctmn s÷ tkl vnhmjnjk quncjf prkkcgdmjf k jn Cftn Emsgnh gfrrkspfcjkctk. Gfcskrvk-fs kl sku pfjkr.
GKPZMEMGNJF JK INPNCZMN UÎHMJF WFLKCZK CF ZKPPMZ×PMF @PNWMHKMPF
N _MFCKKP JF @PNWMH HZJN. Inrnctk quk f npnrkhdf jksklpkcdnrî jksklpkcdnrî suns eucéûks kl gfcefrlmjnjk gfl f sku lncunh jk mcstruéûks, nsskiurncjf nf njqumrkctk jkstk npnrkhdf, inrnctmn gfctrn jkekmtfs jk lntírmn-prmln k jk en`rmgnéçf, pfr ul pkrìfjf jk ?> (ul)
ncf, mcghusf f pkrìfjf kstn`khkgmjf pfr hkm, n gfctnr jn jntnlkjmnctk jk sun n nqumsméçf, gflprfvnjn
nprkskctnéçf jn rkspkgtmvn Cftn Emsgnh jf rkvkcjkjfr nf gfcsulmjfr k jkstk Gkrtmemgnjf jk Inrnctmn jkvmjnlkctk prkkcgdmjf, f`skrvncjf f quk skiuk1 > N inr inrnct nctmn mn sup suprng rngmtn mtnjn jn í n ñcmgn ñcmgn inr inrnct nctmn, mn, qukr kxprkssn, qukr mlphìgmtn, emgncjf kxghuìjfs qunmsqukr jncfs fu prkauìzfs mcjmrktfs, tnms gflf (jk efrln lkrnlkctk kxklphmemgntmvn k cçf tnxntmvn), hugrfs gkssnctks, mctkrrupéçf jk cki÷gmfs k futrfs prkauìzfs pkgucmîrmfs jkgfrrkctks jf usf, fu jn pfssm`mhmjnjk jk usnr kstk npnrkhdf2
0 N _MFCKKP jkghnrn n inrnctmn cuhn k skl kekmtf sk efr gfcstntnjn pfr khn, fu pkhn nssmstácgmn tígcmgn nutfrmznjn quk f npnrkhdf sferku jncf gnusnjf pfr usf kl jksngfrjf gfl f lncunh jk mcstruéûks, hminéûks n tkcsçf jk rkjk krrnjn, ngmjkctks (qukjns, `ntmjns, ktg.), lî utmhmznéçf, mcstnhnéçf mcnjkqunjn,, fu nmcjn smcnms jk dnvkr mcnjkqunjn smjf vmfhnjf, naustnjf fu gfcskrtnjf pfr pkssfns cçf nutfrmznjns2 7 vnhmjnjk F Gkrtmemgnjf jkprkkcgdmjf Inrnctmn s÷ tkrî quncjf auctnlkctk gfl n Cftn Cftn Emsgnh jk Ukcjn nf Gfcsulmjfr jf npnrkhdf2 : Znl nl`íl `íl skr skrî î ncuhn ncuhnjn jn n inrnc inrnctmn tmn quncjf kstk Gkrtmemgnjf jk Inrnctmn nprkskctnr qunhqukr smcnh jk njuhtkrnéçf fu rnsurn2 ; Fs gfcskrtfs k lncutkcéçf jf
npnrkhdf kl inrnctmn, i nrnctmn, skrçf skrçf jk gflpktácgmn kxghusmvn jns nssmstácgmns nutfrmznjns nutfrmz njns k jn j n _MFCKKP2
5 Fs jnc jncfs fs fu jk jkekm ekmtfs tfs gnu gnusnj snjfs fs pfr nikctks kxtkrcfs, pfr jncfs gnusnjfs pfr usf jk GJs/JUJs jk lî qunhmjnjk, néçf jk prfjutfs jk hmlpkzn, kxgkssf jk p÷, mcemhtrnéçf jk hìqumjfs, prfjutfs quìlmgfs nutflftmvfs, tkctntmvn jk eurtf fu rfu`f k jklnms pkéns quk sk jksinstnl cnturnhlkctk gfl f usf (kx1 `ntkrmns, ngkss÷rmfs, `ftûks, pnmcíms, gmctns), fu pfr futrns gfcjméûks ncfrlnms jk utmhmznéçf, kl dmp÷tksk nhiuln skrçf jk rkspfcsn`mhmjnjk jf en`rmgnctk2
jksp spks ksns ns jk erk erktk tk,, ski s kiur urf fk 9 Ns jk kl`nhnikl cçf kstçf gf`krtns pfr kstn inrnctmn, skcjf jk rkspfcsn`mhmjnjk kxghusmvn jf prfprmktîrmf2 4 _rfj _rfjut utfs fs gfl gfl cñl cñlkr krf f jk sí sírm rmk k njuhtkrnjf fu mhkiìvkh tnl`íl cçf skrçf gf`krtfs pkhn prkskctk inrnctmn.
Gfctkñjf
Nirnjkgklfs pfr vfgá tkr njqumrmjf kstk prfjutf _MFCKKP. Hkmn kstk lncunh nctks jk utmhmznr f prfjutf pnrn inrnctmr sku usf njkqunjf. Í kspkgmnhlkctk mlpfrtnctk vfgákhkmn k f`skrvk k fs NUMWFW ckstk ckstk NJUKPZÁCGMNW lncunh. Iunrjk-f Iunrjk-f kl hfgnhquk skiurf ngkssìvkh pnrnnsrkekrácgmn euturn. k
MCEFPLNÉÛKW ML_FPZNCZKW JK WKI[PNCÉN ........................................7 _nrn inrnctmr uln gfcjuéçf skiurn ............. .............77 _nrn kvmtnr f jksgnrrkinlkctf jn `ntkrmn ....: Wf`rk kstk lncunh ......................... ........................................ ...............::
Nctks jk utmhmznr kstk prfjutf ........; Eucgmfcnlkctf jkstn ucmjnjk ......5
Fpkrnéûks `îsmgns .....................................= Pklféçf jf pnmckh erfctnh pnrn prftkikr n ucmjnjk gfctrn rfu`f ....................... .................................= ..........= Pkgfhfgnéçf jf pnmckh erfctnh ....................... = Gflf n ucmjnjk ....................................= ......................... ...........= Gflf hminr jkshminr n ucmjnjk ..............................= Wkhkéçf jk uln efctk ...................................= Naustk jf vfhulk ....................... ........................................... ....................== [tmhmznéçf k gumjnjfs jf gfctrfhk rklftf ........................................................>? [tmhmznéçf jf gfctrfhk rklftf ...................... ......................>? >? Wu`stmtuméçf jn `ntkrmn....................... ................................>? .........>? Fpkrnéûks `îsmgns jf lkcu ...................>? Efctk (skhkéçf jk uln efctk) ..................... .....................>? >? Hmstn (fpkrnéçf jf lkcu jn hmstn) ............... ...............>? >? Îujmf/Uìjkf (naustk jk ul lkcu jk îujmf) >? Wmstkln (naustk jk ul lkcu jf smstkln) ...>? Pîjmf .......................................................... >> Lkcu jf rîjmf .............................................>> Wkhkéçf jk `ncjn .......................................>> Wmctfcmn lncunh (pnssf n pnssf) ................ ................>> >> @usgn ..........................................................>> Nrlnzkcnlkctf k gdnlnjn jns klmssfrns jn lkl÷rmn ....................... ................................>> .........>> HFG/JT (smctfcmn pfr `usgn hfgnh/jmstnctk) >> Pkprfjuéçf jk [W@ ....................... ................................>0 .........>0 Pkprfjuéçf jk nrqumvfs kl ul jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ ...........>0 Mctkrrupéçf jn rkprfjuéçf jk nrqumvfs kl ul jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ .....>0 Lkcu Hmstn ........................ ................................................... ........................... >0 Wkhkéçf jn gntkifrmn jk nrqumvfs ............... ...............>0 >0 Wkhkéçf jk uln pnstn ................................>0 Wkhkéçf jk ul nrqumvf (gnpìtuhf) ............... ...............>0 >0 Wkhkéçf jk ul nrqumvf jk futrn pnstn .......>7 ....... >7 Pkprfjuéçf ..............>7 Pkprfjuéçf jk jk nrqumvfs nrqumvfs jk jk îujmf eftf .................>7
0
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Pkprfjuéçf jk nrqumvfs jk vìjkf .............. ..............>7 >7 Pkprfjuéçf jk gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ UFJ ........>: Pkprfjuéçf jk jmsgf jm sgf.......................... ................................>: ......>: Mcskréçf jk ul jmsgf ........................ ..................................>: ..........>: Kakéçf jk ul jmsgf .......................... .....................................>: ...........>: Pkprfjuéçf jk jmsgf ..................................>: _nrnjn tklpfrîrmn jn rkprfjuéçf ..............>: _nrnjn tftnh jn rkprfjuéçf....................... .........................>: ..>: Wkhkéçf jn enmxn jkskanjn ........................ ..........................>: ..>: Nvncéf/rktrfgkssf rîpmjf jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf ...............................................>: Pkprfjuéçf nhknt÷rmn jk enmxns (pnrn GJ/UGJ/L_7/YLN npkcns) ............. .............>: >: Pkpktmr....................... .................................................. ..................................>: .......>: Pkpktmr N-@......................... .................................................. ......................... >; MP _NPN ......................................................>; _@G - Gfctrfhk jk rkprfjuéçf (pnrn UGJ 0.? fu supkrmfr) ....................... .........................>5 ..>5 Wkhkéçf jk JUJ Îujmf ...............................>5 Wkhkéçf jk UGJ Îujmf ...............................>5 Wkhkéçf jk hkikcjn jf JUJ ....................... >5 Wkhkéçf jk tìtuhf jf JUJ ...........................>5 Wkhkéçf jk àciuhf jf JUJ ....................... .........................>5 ..>5 Qffl ...........................................................>5 Naustks jf smstkln ...................................>5 Naustk jk Îujmf ......................... ......................................... ................>4 >4 Naustk jk Uìjkf .........................................>4 Futrns Eucéûks ......................... ......................................... ................>= >=
_rkgnuéûks ................................... ......................................7 ...7
Mcstnhnéçf .......................................0? ................................. ......0? Gfckxçf jn ucmjnjk .................................0? Jmnirnln jk Emnéçf ......................... ....................................00 ...........00 Mcstnhnéçf.......................... ................................................... .........................07 07 Nctks jk mcstnhnr kstn ucmjnjk.................... 07 Gn`fs jk Gfctrfhk ....................... ...................................... ...............07 07 Mcstnhnéçf jn lncin jk lfctnikl ............ ............07 07 Mcstnhnéçf jf bmt ..........................................0: Mcstnhnéçf MWF ......................... ............................................. ....................0; 0; Eusìvkh....................... .................................................. ..................................0; .......0; Pkgfckxçf jn `ntkrmn .......................... .................................0; .......0; Pklféçf jn ucmjnjk ................................0; Mcefrlnéûks njmgmfcnms ................05
Wfhuéçf jk prf`hklns .............................05 Lkcsnikcs jk krrf ...................................09
Frmkctnéûks jk ..........................................70 lncuskmf ........................04 Kspkgmegnéûks
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_rkgnuéûks
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MCEFPLNÉÛKW ML_FPZNCZKW JK WKI[PNCÉN
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
Hkmn tfjns ns mcstruéûks rkhngmfcnjns nf jmsphny k iunrjk-ns pnrn rkekrácgmn euturn. > Hkmn kstk lncunh kl sun tftnhmjnjk kjmsphny. ntkctnlkctk nctks jk fpkrnr f 0 Lnctkcdn kstk lncunh ngkssìvkh gflf rk ekrác gmn pnrn f s prfgkjmlkctfs jk fpkrnéçf k ns mcefrlnéûks jk skiurncén. 7 Já ntkcéçf kspkgmnh ïs njvkrtácgmns gfctmjns ckstk lncunh k smin ntkctnlkctk ns mcstruéûks. : Cçf pkrlmtn n utmhmznéçf jkstk smstkln pfr futrns pkssfns nctks quk khns hkmnl k gflprkkcjnl ns mcstruéûks jk fpkrnéçf. ; Cçf mcstnhk f jmsphny kl ul hfgnh fcjk pfssn (m) f`strumr n vmsçf jf lftfrmstn, (mm) gflprflktkr f
jksklpkcdf f p k r n g m f c n hjkf qunhqukr u r k g u r ssmstkln fs jk skiurncén jf vkìguhf, mcghumcjf nmr `nis, `ftûks gfl mcjmgnjfrks hulmcfsfs jk pkrmif, fu (mmm) g f lp rf lk t k r n d n ` m h m j n j k j f lftfrmstn kl gfcjuzmr f vkìguhf gfl skiurncén. 5 Cçf fpkrk kstk jmsphny, pfms mssf jksvmnrî n sun ntkcéçf jn gfcjuéçf skiurn jf vkìguhf. F`kjkén sklprk ns rkirns pnrn uln gfcjuéçf skiurn k smin ns hkms jk tràcsmtf kxmstkctks. Wk tmvkr jmemguhjnjk kl fpkrnr f smstkln fu hkr f jmsphny, kstngmfck f vkìguhf kl ul hfgnh skiurf k enén fs naustks ckgkssîrmfs. 9 Hkl`rk -sk jk sklprk npkrtnr f gmctf jk skiurncén nf gfcjuzmr f vkìguhf. Cn dmp÷tksk jk ul ngmjkctk, sk f gmctf jk skiurncén cçf kstmvkr gfrrktnlkctk kcgnmxnjf, skus ekrmlkctfs pfjkrçf skr gfcsmjkrnvkhlkctk lnms skvkrfs. 4 Cucgn utmhmz k efcks jk fuvmjf kcqunctf jmrmik. = _nrn prfpfrgmfcnr lnmfr skiurncén, jktkrlmcnjns eucéûks emgnl jksntmvnjns n lkcfs quk f erkmf jk lçf kstkan puxnjf k f vkìguhf cçf kstkan kl lfvmlkctf. >? Cucgn jkmxk f vfhulk jf sku jmsphny lumtf nhtf jk efrln quk vfgá
NJUKPZÁCGMN Cçf tkctk vfgá lkslf mcstnhnr fu jnr lncutkcéçf nf jmsphny. N mcstnhnéçf fu lncutkcéçf jf jmsphny pfr pkssfns skl trkmcnlkctf k kxpkrmácgmn kl kqumpnlkctfs khktrúcmgfs k ngkss÷rmfs nutflftmvfs pfjk skr pkrmifsn k kxpfr vfgá n rmsgfs jk gdfquk khítrmgf, kctrk futrfs.
_nrn inrnctmr uln gfcjuéçf skiurn •
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•
•
NJUKPZÁCGMN F GFCJ[ZFP UKPJK-GHNPF, CF GFCKGZFP JK NHMLKCZNÉÇF, EFM JKWKCUFHUMJF _NPN JKZKGZNP F WZNZ[W KWZNGMFCNJF K JKUK WKP NGF_HNJF Ï EFCZK JK NHMLKCZNÉÇF NF HNJF JF @FZÇF JF EPKMF JK LÇF. N GFCKTÇF F[ F [WF MCNJK^[NJF JKWWK GFCJ[ZFP _FJK UMFHNP N HKM N _ H M GÎ U K H K GN [W N P W Í PM F W NGMJKCZKW F[ JNCFW. _nrn kvmtnr kvmtnr f rmsgf jk jncfs k ekrmlkctfs ekrmlkctfs k n vmfhnéçf kl pftkcgmnh jns hkms nphmgîvkms, kstn ucmjnjk cçf pfjk skr utmhmznjn gfl vìjkf vmsìvkh pnrn f lftfrmstn. _nrn kvmtnr f rmsgf jk ngmjkctk ngmjkctk k n vmfhnéçf kl pftkcgmnh jns hkms nphmgîvkms, ckcduln vmsunhmznéçf jk vìjkf cfs nsskctfs jmnctkmrfs jkvk fgfrrkr kcqunctf f vkìguhf kstmvkr skcjf gfcjuzmjf. Kl nhiucs pnìsks fu kstnjfs , n vmsunhmznéçf jk mlnikcs ullkslf jmsphny jkctrf jk ul vkìguhf,kl ntí pfr futrns pkssfns quk cçf skanl f lftfrmstn, pfjk skr mhkinh. Kl tnms hfgnms fcjk kssns rkiuhnlkctnéûks sk nphmgnl, khns jkvkl skr f`kjkgmjns.
Nf tkctnr nssmstmr n ul vìjkf jurnctk n gfcjuéçf, n njvkrtácgmn Í kstrmtnlkctk prfm`mjn n vmsunhmznéçf jn efctk jk vìjkf cf nsskctf jmnctkmrf jurnctk n gfcjuéçf skrî vmsunhmznjn cf jmsphny jmnctkmrf. _nrn nssmstmr n ul vìjkf cf jmsphny jmnctkmrf, kstngmfck f vkìguhf kl ul hfgnh skiurf k puxk f erkmf jk lçf.
cçf gfcsmin fuvmr f tràcsmtf k fs vkìguhfs jk klkriácgmn. @r
7
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_rkgnuéûks
_nrn kvmtnr f jksgnrrkinlkc jksgnrrkinlkctf tf jn `ntkrmn Jkmxk f lftfr jf vkìguhf hminjf kcqunctf utmhmzn kstn ucmjnjk pnrn kvmtnr quk n `ntkrmn skan jksgnrrkinjn. • ^uncjf cçf dî efrckgmlkctf efrckgmlkctf jk kckrimn pnrn kstn ucmjnjk, gflf pfr kxklphf, quncjf n `ntkrmn jf vkìguhf kstmvkr skcjf su`stmtuìjn, f lmgrfgflputnjfr jkstn ucmjnjk rktfrcn ï sun gfcjméçf mcmgmnh. Pkgflkcjnlfs quk vfgá trncsgrkvn fs jnjfs jk naustk jk îujmf. NJUKPZÁCGMN Cçf utmhmzk kl vkìguhfs quk cçf tkcdnl uln pfsméçf NGG.
_rkgnuéûks Kvmtk usf prfhfcinjf jf npnrkhdf gfl vfhulk supkrmfr n 4; jkgm`íms, pfms mstf pfjkrî prkaujmgnr n sun nujméçf. (Hkm Ekjkrnh >>.0=>/?5)
ZN@KHN1 Cìvkh jk Jkgm`íms 7? :? ;? 5? 9? 4?
:
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_ntkctk jfs K[N c±. 5.475.;:=2 5.74>.9:92 9.?;?.5=4, 5.;>5.>70 k ;.;47.=75. Kstk prfjutf mcgfrpfrn n tkgcfhfimn jk prftkéçf nfs jmrkmtfs nutfrnms quk í jkekcjmjn pfr pntkctks nlkrmgncns k futrfs jmrkmtfs jk prfprmkjnjk mctkhkgtunh. N utmhmznéçf jkssn tkgcfhfimn jk prftkéçf nfs jmrkmtfs nutfrnms jkvk skr nutfrmznjn pkhn Pfvm k jkstmcn-sk npkcns nfs usfs rksmjkcgmnh k jk vmsunhmznéçf hmlmtnjn, n lkcfs quk skan jf gfctrîrmf nutfrmznjn pkhn Pfvm. N kcikcdnrmn rkvkrsn fu jkslfctnikl í prfm`mjn.
Kxklphfs
@m`hmftkgn smhkcgmfsn, sussurrfs hkvks Wnhn jk kstnr, rkermikrnjfr, qunrtf hfcik jf tràcsmtf Zràcsmtf hkvk, gfcvkrsnéçf cfrlnh, Zràcsmtf ksgrmt÷rmf smhkcgmfsf Nr gfcjmgmfcnjf n uln jmstàcgmn jk 5 l, lîqumcn lîqumcn jk gfsturn Nspmrnjfr p÷, skgnjfr jk gn`khf, rkstnurnctkjkrumjfsf Zrîekif líjmf jk gmjnjk, gfhktfr jk hmxf, nhnrlk jk jkspkrnjfr n uln jmstàcgmn jk 5? gl
FW P[ìJFW N@NMTF _FJKL WKP _KPMIFWFW KL GNWF JK KT_FWMÉÇF GFCWZNCZK =? Lktrú, lftfgmghntn, trîekif jk gnlmcdçf, gfrtnjfr jk irnln >?? Gnlmcdçf jk hmxf, skrrn khítrmgn, eurnjkmrn pckulîtmgn >0? Wdfw jk `ncjn jk rfgb kl erkctk ïs gnmxns ngñstmgns, ngñstmgns, trfvçf trfvçf >:? Zmrf jk nrln jk efif, nvmçf n antf >4?
Mcefrlnéçf gkjmjn pkhn Jkneckss Pksknrgd Efucjntmfc, pfr gfrtksmn
Hncénlkctf jk efiuktk
En`rmgnjf sf` hmgkcén jn Jfh`y Hn`frntfrmks. ‘Jfh`y“ k f sìl`fhf jk jfms Js sçf lnrgns gflkrgmnms jn Jfh`y Hn`frntfrmks. Futrns lnrgns gflkrgmnms k lnrgns rkimstrnjns pkrtkcgkl n skus rkspkgtmvfs prfprmktîrmfs.
G[MJNJF1 N [ZMHMQNÉÇF JFW GFCZPFHKW F[ NA[WZKW F[ F JKWKL_KCDF JFW _PFGKJMLKCZF _PFGKJMLKCZFW W ^[K CÇF WKANL FW KW_KGMEMGNJFW CKWZK JFG[LKCZF _FJKL PKW[HZNP KL KT_FWMÉÇF Ï PNJMNÉÇF _KPMIFWN. G[MJNJF1 N [ZMHMQNÉÇF JK MCWZP[LKCZFW ×_ZMGFW GFL KWZK _PFJ[ZF N[LKCZNPÎ F _KPMIF _NPN FW FHDFW.
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Nctks jk utmhmznr kstk kstk prfjutf Kstk prfjutf í ul jmfjf n hnskr jk ghnssk >, lns gfctíl ul jmfjf n hnskr jk Ghnssk supkrmfr ï >. _nrn inrnctmr f lîxmlf jk skiurncén, cçf rklfvn ns tnlpns fu tkctk ngkssnr f mctkrmfr jf prfjutf. Gfcsuhtk f pkssfnh qunhmgnjf qunctf nfs prfgkjmlkctfs jk lncutkcéçf.
Wf`rk kstk lncunh
Pknaustk jf lmgrfprfgkssn lmgrfprfgkssnjfr jfr F lmgrfprfgkssnjfr jkvk skr rknaustnjf cns skiumctks smtunéûks1 • Nctks jk utmhmznr kstn ucmjnjk pkhn prmlkmrn vkz np÷s n mcstnhnéçf • Wk n ucmjnjk pnrnr jk eucgmfcnr gfrrktnlkctk • ^uncjf lkcsnikcs kstrncdns fu mcgfrrktns efrkl vmsunhmznjns cf jmsphny
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
> _rkssmfck f `ftçf (pîimcn 9, ) cn pnrtk supkrmfr ksqukrjn jf pnmckh erfctnh pnrn lfvá-hf pnrn `nmxf. 0 _rkssmfck RPKWKZ\ gfl n pfctn jk uln gncktn fu futrf mcstrulkctf pfctmniujf.
• F mjmfln n skr vmsunhmznjf cn tkhn pnrn ns kxphmgnéûks ckstk lncunh í f mcihás. Ufgá pfjk nhtkrnr f mjmfln jk kxm`méçf. _nrn f`tkr jktnhdks, gfcsuhtk Mjmfln cn pîimcn >9.
Wf`rk kstn ucmjnjk •
• • • •
G[MJNJF Cçf pkrlmtn quk kstn ucmjnjk kctrk kl gfctntf gfl hìqumjfs. Dî rmsgf jk gdfquk khítrmgf. Nhíl jmssf, f gfctntf gfl hìqumjfs pfjk gnusnr jncfs, eulnén k supkrnqukgmlkctf jkstn ucmjnjk. Lnctkcdn kstk lncunh ngkssìvkh pnrn rkekrácgmn euturn. Wklprk jkmxk f vfhulk vfhulk `nmxf pnrn pfjkr pfjkr fuvmr fs sfcs jf trîekif. Kvmtk n kxpfsméçf ï ulmjnjk. Wk n `ntkrmn jf gnrrf kstmvkr jksgfckgtnjn fu jksgnrrkinjn, n lkl÷rmn prfirnlnjn skrî npninjn.
Cftn Ns fpkrnéûks jk naustk jk eucéçf skrçf gfcghuìjns lkslf sk f lkcu efr gncgkhnjf nctks jk skrkl gfcrlnjns.
Cf gnsf jk prf`hklns Wk kstk prfjutf cçf eucgmfcnr gfrrktnlkctk, kctrk kl gfctntf gfl f rkvkcjkjfr fu n Gkctrnh jk Wkrvméfs nutfrmznjn jn _mfckkr lnms pr÷xmln.
PKWKZ
Jksntmvk f lfjf jk jklfcstrnéçf F lfjf jk jklfcstrnéçf jkvk skr jkshminjf gflf cf prfgkssf skiumctk. - _rkssmfck f `ftçf WGP pnrn hminr kstn ucmjnjk. - _rkssmfck k skiurk n tkghn WK WKH H pnrn vmsunhmznr f lkcu NA[WZK. - Wkhkgmfck f lkcu Ikrnh k jkpfms ksgfhdn f lkcu JKLF. - Wkhkgmfck Jkshminr k jkpfms prkssmfck f gkctrf jf Luhtmgfctrfhk pnrn jkshminr f lfjf JKLF. - _rkssmfck n tkghn KWG pnrn gncgkhnr n skhkéçf jf lkcu NA[WZK. F lfjf jk jklfcstrnéçf tnl`íl í jksntmvnjf nutflntmgnlkctk nf hminr k jkshminr n gdnvk jk micméçf.
@r
;
Wkéçf
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Eucgmfcnlkctf jkstn ucmjnjk
_rkssmfck f `ftçf R
_nrtk
\ pnrn n`rmr f pnmckh erfctnh.
Fpkrnéçf
_nrtk • •
• _nmckh n`krtf
L[ZK
• Klujkgmlkctf ntmvnjf/ jksntmvnjf • Mcsmrn f lkcu jn efctk (0 s). • Pktfrcnr nf lkcu jn efctk prmcgmpnh (0 s), usk fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) / R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu R \ / R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn skhkgmfcnr f lfjf jkskanjf, k prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ cf pnmckh erfctnh fu RKCZKP\ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn gfcrlnr.
WPG
• @NCJ
5
@r
Fpkrnéçf Jkshminr (0 s) Wkhkgmfcnr lfjf jk rkprfjuéçf1 • PNJMF • JMWG (quncjf dî ul jmsgf mcskrmjf) • [W@ (quncjf [W@ kstî gfckgtnjf) • N[T-MC (Îujmf erfctnh & kctrnjn jk vìjkf. Jmspfsmtmvfs pkrmeírmgfs kxtkrcfs gfl snìjns jk îujmf k vìjkf PGN pfjkl skr gfckgtnjfs ï ucmjnjk.) • Kctrnjn NU (Îujmf trnskmrf & kctrnjn jk vìjkf. Jmspfsmtmvfs pkrmeírmgfs kxtkrcfs gfl snìjns jk îujmf k vìjkf PGN pfjkl skr gfckgtnjfs ï ucmjnjk.) Pkprfjuzmr/_nusnr (cfs lfjfs JUJ, GJ k L_7/
YLN) jk `ncjn (cf • Wkhktfr lfjf Pîjmf)
Wkéçf
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Eucgmfcnlkctf Eucgmfcnlk ctf jkstn ucmjnjk _nrtk
Fpkrnéçf
• @usgnr n klmssfrn klmssfrn nctkrmfr nutflntmgnlkctk (prkssmfck pfr lnms jk 0 s) (cf lfjf Pîjmf). • @usgnr klmssfrn (cf klmssfrn nctkrmfrnlncunhlkctk lfjf Pîjmf). • (_nrn n • @usgnr n enmxn fu gnpìtuhf ksqukrjn) nctkrmfr (cfs lfjfs GJ, L_7/YLN k JUJ Uìjkf). • Pktrfgkssf rîpmjf kl 0, :, 4, >5 pnssfs (0 s) (cfs lfjfs GJ, L_7/YLN k JUJ Uìjkf). • Cnvkinr pnrn n ksqukrjn ksqukrjn jkctrk fs mtkcs jk fpéûks. • Naustnr f cìvkh jk vfhulk (imrnr). L[HZM- • Gfcrlnr fpkrnéçf GFCZPFH (prkssmfcnr). (L.G.) • _nrnr n `usgn `usgn nutflîtmgn nutflîtmgn
• (_nrn `nmxf)
(cf lfjf Pîjmf) (prkssmfcnr). • Cnvkinr pnrn `nmxf `nmxf jkctrk fs mtkcs jk fpéûks (cfs lfjfs JUJ, GJ k L_7/YLN). • Pkprfjuzmr n pr÷xmln pr÷xmln klmssfrn jk rîjmf prfirnlnjn (cf lfjf Pîjmf). • @usgnr n pr÷xmln pr÷xmln klmssfrn nutflntmgnlkctk (prkssmfck pfr lnms jk 0 s) (cf lfjf Pîjmf). • @usgnr n pr÷xmln pr÷xmln klmssfrn lncunhlkctk
• jmrkmtn) (_nrn n • @usgnr (cf lfjf n pr÷xmln Pîjmf). enmxn enmxn fu gnpìtuhf (cfs lfjfs GJ, L_7/YLN k JUJ Uìjkf). • Nvncéf rîpmjf kl 0, :, 4, >5 pnssfs (0 s) (cfs lfjfs GJ, L_7/YLN k JUJ Uìjkf). • Cnvkinr pnrn n jmrkmtn jkctrk fs mtkcs jk fpéûks.
KWG
• Gncgkhnr f lkcu jk skhkéçf jk efctk k rktfrcnr nf lkcu nctkrmfr. • Jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf jfs vìjkfs, prkssmfck pnrn lfstrnr ns mcefrlnéûks. • Jmsphny jkshminjf (prkssmfcnr 0 s)
_nrtk
Fpkrnéçf
@WL @WL
• (_nrn gmln)
WKH
• Unrrkjurn prfirnlnjn (cf lfjf Pîjmf) • Lkl÷rmn jns lkhdfrks lkhdfrks klmssfrns (0 s) (cf lfjf • _nrnr Pîjmf)rkprfjuéçf • Pkakmtnr n gdnlnjn jk kctrnjn fu jkshminr n gfcvkrsn ntunh. • NU MC Gfckgtfr jk kctrnjn N[T (gfckgtfr kstírkf/vìjkf jk 7,; ll) [tmhmzk pnrn gfckgtnr ul jmspfsmtmvf nuxmhmnr. • Cnvkinr pnrn pnrn gmln jkctrk fs mtkcs jk fpéûks (cfs lfjfs JUJ, GJ k L_7/ YLN) • Pkprfjuzmr n klmssfrn klmssfrn jk rîjmf prfirnlnjn nctkrmfr (cf lfjf Pîjmf) • Naustk jk îujmf/vìjkf îujmf/vìjkf (prkssmfcnr). • Lkcu jk naustk naustk (prkssmfcnr pfr 0 s). • Wkcsfr rklftf • Jmsphny ZEZ jk 7 pfh. pfh. • _frtn [W@ • Whft jk gnrrkinlkctf jk jmsgf • @ftçf Kaktnr • PKWKZ
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
G[MJNJF • [tmhmzk ul gn`f [W@ fpgmfcnh fpgmfcnh jn _mfckkr (GJ-[;?K) pnrn gfckgtnr f îujmf phnykr [W@/lkl÷rmn [W@, aî quk qunhqukr jmspfsmtmvf gfckgtnjf jmrktnlkctk ï ucmjnjk emgn prfaktnjf pnrn efrn k pfjk skr pkrmifsf. • Gfckgtk n pfrtn [W@ nf gfckgtfr [W@ cn pnrtk erfctnh jf pnmckh k mcsmrn n hmcdn jk snìjn jk vìjkf (vmjkf-fut) cf gfckgtfr jk kctrnjn jk NU (NU-mc). • Cçf utmhmzk prfjutfs prfjutfs cçf nutfrmznjfs. nutfrmznjfs.
_rkssmfck qunhqukr `ftçf pnrn rktflnr. @r
9
Wkéçf
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Eucgmfcnlkctf jkstn ucmjnjk / N @
Fpkrnéçf
_nrtk
• Hminr/jkshminr. • Pkprfjuzmr skhkéçf jk efctk. WPG • Pktfrcnr nf lkcu jn efctk prmcgmpnh (0 s). • Wkhkgmfcnr ul àciuhf/ NCIHK/ vkrsçf jk jmekrkcén jn UMJKF gkcn jf JUJ ntunh. • Lfstrnr hmstn jk vìjkfs W[@ ZMZHK/ _DFZF QFFL
• • •
ZMZHK •
KCZKP
• • • • •
4
@r
Wkhkgmfcnr hkikcjn jf mjmfln JUJ fujkJmvT. Lfstrnr hmstn jk eftfs Nlphmnr fu rkjuzmr mlnikl fu tnlncdf jk mlnikl ntmvn. Kctrnr cf lkcu jk tìtuhf jf JUJ. Gursfr jf lkcu. Kctkr Gfckgtnr fu jksgfckgtnr DE_/N0J_ (prkssmfcnr pfr 0 s). Ntkcjkr n gdnlnjn jk kctrnjn. Jmsgnr pnrn pnrn ul cñlkrf kxtkrcf
• _rkssmfck pnrn pnrnr n rkprfjuéçf. • " " cçf dî euc eucéçf éçf cks ckstk tk lfjkhf. • Pkpktmr N-@ • Nvncénr rnpmjnlkctk
• _rkssmfck pnrn pnusnr fu rktflnr n rkprfjuéçf. • Nhtkrcnr n vfz DE_ kctrk n ucmjnjk k f jmspfsmtmvf DE_. • _r÷xmln enmxn/gnpìtuhf. • @usgnr klmssfrn pfr / WKKB + • mctkrvnhf. @usgnr n pr÷xmln klmssfrn klmssfrn jmspfcìvkh (0 s) • Kxm`mr ns mcefrlnéûks jk rkprfjuéçf. JMW_/ • Unrrkjurn prfirnlnjn @WL jf rîjmf / _rfirnlnéçf nutflîtmgn jf rîjmf. >-= • @ftûks jk jìimtfs • Mr pnrn `usgn I/# • "#" cçf dî eucéçf ckstk lfjkhf. UFH[LK • _rkssmfck pnrn nulkctnr +/fu jmlmcumr f vfhulk. • _rkssmfck pnrn klujkgkr. L[ZK _rkssmfck cfvnlkctk pnrn gncgkhnr. • Zrfgn f gncnh jk îujmf. N[JMF/ • Nhtkrcnr f mjmfln jf îujmf L[WMG jf JUJ. • Lfstrnr hmstn jk lñsmgns. f lkcu jf JUJ. LKC[/ •• Ngkssnr Ngkssnr f lkcu _@G (pnrn _@G UGJ 0.? fu supkrmfr) jf lkcu ntunh k KWG • Wnmr rktfrcnr nf ñhtmlf lkcu. WKZ[_ • Kctrnr cf lkcu jk naustk. • Dn`mhmtnr/jksn`mhmtnr rkprfjuéçf nhknt÷rmn. P_Z • Dn`mhmtnr/jksn`mhmtnr rkprfjuéçf gfl rkpktméçf. cf lkcu jk naustk WKH • Kctrnr jk îujmf/vìjkf • Pktrfgkjkr rnpmjnlkctk uln `ncjn jf @NCJ • Wkhkgmfcnr smctfcmznjfr. • Enmxn/gnpìtuhf nctkrmfr. • _rkssmfck pnrn `usgnr n / nctkrmfr. WKKB - • klmssfrn @usgnr n klmssfrn nctkrmfr nctkrmfr jmspfcìvkh (0 s) • Mcskrmr f cñlkrf "?". ?/ • "+" cçf dî eucéçf ckstk lfjkhf. • Hmlpnr f cñlkrf mcskrmjf. mcskrmjf. G/ • " " cçf dî eucéçf ckstk lfjkhf. PJL
Wkéçf
Eucgmfcnlkctf Eucgmfcnlk ctf jkstn jkst n ucmjnjk
?7
Fpkrnéûks `îsmgns
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
Mlpfrtnctk • Nf rklfvkr fu gfhfgnr f pnmckh erfctnh, lncuskmk-f gfl gumjnjf. • Kvmtk kxpfr f pnmckh erfctnh n mlpngtfs kxpfr kxgkssmvfs. • Lnctkcdn f pnmckh erfctnh jmstnctk jn huz jmrktn jf sfh k cçf f kxpfcdn n tklpkrnturns nhtns. • _nrn kvmtnr quk fgfrrnl jncfs nf jmspfsmtmvf fu mctkrmfr jf vkìguhf, rklfvn qunmsqukr gn`fs k jmspfsmtmvfs ngfphnjfs nf pnmckh erfctnh nctks jk rktmrî-hf.
Pklféçf jf pnmckh erfctnh pnrn prftkikr n ucmjnjk gfctrn rfu`f > _rkssmfck f `ftçf (pîimcn 5, n`rmr f pnmckh erfctnh.
) pnrn
>
>
Ukrmemquk sk f pnmckh erfctnh efm gfrrktnlkctk kcgnmxnjf cn ucmjnjk prmcgmpnh. 0 _rkssmfck n kxtrklmjnjk supkrmfr ksqukrjn jf pnmckh erfctnh ntí f sku tftnh kcgnmxk.
0 • Wk cçf gfcskiumr kcgnmxnr gfrrktnlkctk f pnmckh erfctnh cn ucmjnjk prmcgmpnh, tkctk cfvnlkctk. Wk tkctnr kcgnmxî-hf ï efrén, khk pfjkrî skr jncmgnjf.
Gflf hminr n ucmjnjk 0 Wkiurk f hnjf ksqukrjf jf pnmckh erfctnh, klpurrk-f pnrn n jmrkmtn, kl skiumjn, puxk-f pnrn efrn.
_rkssmfck f `ftçf RWPG\ pnrn hminr n ucmjnjk.
Gflf jkshminr n ucmjnjk _rkssmfck k skiurk RWPG\ ntí jkshminr n ucmjnjk.
Wkhkéçf jk uln efctk 0
* N huz jf mcjmgnjfr pmsgn jkpfms quk f pnmckh í rklfvmjf. 7 Wklprk lnctkcdn f pnmckh erfctnh rklfvmjf kl ul jmspfsmtmvf jk prftkéçf, gflf ul kstfaf.
Pkgfhfgnéçf jf pnmckh erfctnh > Wkiurk f hnjf ksqukrjf jf pnmckh erfctnh, klpurrk-f pnrn n jmrkmtn k, kl skiumjn, klpurrk-f pnrn jkctrf ntí skctmr f ghmquk.
_rkssmfck RWPG\ pnrn nhtkrcnr kctrk1 PÎJMF (smctfcmznjfr)‚JMWG (quncjf dî ul jmsgf mcskrmjf)‚[W@ (quncjf [W@ kstî gfckgtnjf)‚N[T (N[T-MC cçf pfjk rknhmznr uln skhkéçf jk efctk, n cçf skr quk hmiuk N[T NZMUNJF pkhf lkcu Naustk.)‚ Kctrnjn NU (NU-MC cçf pfjk rknhmznr uln skhkéçf jk efctk, n cçf skr quk hmiuk NU NZMUNJF pkhf lkcu Naustk.)
Naustk jf vfhulk Imrk RL.G.\ pnrn naustnr f vfhulk. Imrk cf skctmjf nctm-dfrîrmf pnrn jmlmcumr k cf skctmjf dfrîrmf pnrn nulkctnr f vfhulk.
@r
=
Wkéçf
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Eucgmfcnlkctf Eucgmfcnlk ctf jkstn jkst n ucmjnjk
[tmhmznéçf k gumjnjfs jf gfctrfhk rklftf [tmhmznéçf jf gfctrfhk rklftf Npfctk N pfctk f gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn n jmrkéçf jf pnmckh erfctnh pnrn fpkrî-hf. Nf utmhmznr pkhn prmlkmrn vkz, puxk f emhlk quk sk prfaktn jn `ncjkan.
Wu`stmtuméçf jn `ntkrmn • Jkshmzk pnrn efrn n `ncjkan hfgnhmznjn cn pnrtk pfstkrmfr jf gfctrfhk rklftf k mcsmrn n `ntkrmn gfl fs pfhfs pfsmtmvf (+) k ckintmvf (‗) nhmcdnjfs gfrrktnlkctk. • Nf utmhmznr pkhn prmlkmrn vkz, puxk f hlk quk sk prfaktn jn `ncjkan.
gfl ns cfrlns jns mcstmtuméûks pñ`hmgns jf lkmf nl`mkctk quk sk nphmgnl nf sku pnìs/rkimçf.
Mlpfrtnctk • Cçf jkmxk f gfctrfhk kxpfstf tklpkrnturns nhtns fu ïrklftf huz jmrktn jf sfh.n • F gfctrfhk rklftf pfjkrî cçf eucgmfcnr gfrrktnlkctk sk emgnr kxpfstf ï huz jmrktn jf sfh. • Cçf jkmxk f gfctrfhk rklftf gnmr cf gdçf, fcjk pfjk gnr prksf kl`nmxf jf pkjnh jf erkmf fu ngkhkrnjfr.
Fpkrnéûks `îsmgns jf lkcu Efctk (skhkéçf jk uln efctk)
NJUKPZÁCGMN • Lnctkcdn n `ntkrmn efrn jf nhgncgk jk grmncéns. Gnsf khn skan mcikrmjn, gfcsuhtk ul líjmgf mlkjmntnlkctk. • Ns `ntkrm ns (`ntkrmn fu `ntkrm ns mcstnhnjns) cçf jkvkl skr kxpfstns n gnhfr kxgkssmvf, gflf huz jmrktn jf sfh, efif fu smtunéçf sklkhdnctk. G[MJNJF • [tmhmzk uln `ntkrmn `ntkrmn jk hìtmf hìtmf GP0?0; GP0?0; (7 U). • Pklfvn n `ntkrmn sk cçf efr utmhmznr f gfctrfhk rklftf pfr ul lás fu lnms. • Wk n `ntkrmn efr su `stmtuìjn mcgfrrktnlkctk, dnvkrî pkrmif jk kxphfsçf. Wu`stmtun-n npkcns pfr uln jf lkslf tmpf fu kqumvnhkctk. • Cçf lncus kmk n `ntkrmn gfl ekrrnlkctns lktîhmgns. • Cçf nrlnzkck n `ntkrmn gfl f`aktfs lktîhmgfs. • Kl gnsf gnsf jk vnznlkctf vnznlkctf jn `ntkrmn, `ntkrmn, hmlpk gflphktnlkctk f gfctrfhk rklftf k mcstnhk uln cfvn `ntkrmn. • Nf jksgnrtnr `ntkrmns usnjns, gkrtmquksk jk kstnr kl gfcefrlmjnjk gfl fu ns rkiuhnlkctnéûks ifvkrcnlkctnms
>?
@r
> _rkssmfck k skiurk RWPG\ ntí vmsunhmznr vmsunhmznr f lkcu mcmgmnh. 0 /[sk `ftûks R • tn) \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) R • \fs(_nr (_nrn n n jmrkm jmrkmtn) cf pnmc pnmckh kh erfc erfctnh tnh fu R \ / R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn skhkgmfcnr n efctk jkskanjn. _rkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ cf pnmckh erfctnh fu RKCZKP\ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn skhkgmfcnr.
Hmstn (fpkrnéçf jf lkcu jn hmstn) _rkssmfck _ rkssmfck RKWG\ pnrn vmsunhmznr f lkcu jn hmstn (cf lfjf L_7/YLN/GJ-JN) (pîimcn >7).
Îujmf/Uìjkf jk îujmf) (naustk jk ul lkcu _rkssmfck RWKH\ pnrn vmsunhmznr f lkcu jk îujmf/vìjkf. Gfcsuhtk Naustks jk îujmf (pîimcn >4).
Wmstkln (naustk jk ul lkcu jf smstkln) _rkssmfck k skiurk RWKH\ pfr lnms jk 0 skiucjfs pnrn vmsunhmznr f lkcu jf smstkln. Gfcsuhtk Naustks jf smstkln (pîimcn >5).
Wkéçf
?7
Eucgmfcnlkctf Eucgmfcnlk ctf jkstn ucmjnjk
Pîjmf Lkcu Pîjmf PNJMF
EHNZ
Mcjmgnjfr jk efctk Dfrn @ncjn @ncjn Klmssfrn prfirnlnjn Cf. Mcjmgnjfr jk kekmtf sfcfrf Erkquácgmn Erkquácgmn
Wkhkéçf jk `ncjn _rkssmfck f `ftçf R @NCJ\ vîrmns vkzks pnrn skhkgmfcnr n `ncjn jkskanjn. F mcjmgnjfr jk `ncjn (EL>, EL0, EL7 fu NL) skrî vmsunhmznjf.
Wmctfcmn lncunh (pnssf n pnssf) _rkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) fu R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) pnrn smctfcmznr pnssf n pnssf.
@usgn
> _rkssmfck k skiurk f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) fu R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) pfr lnms jk 0 skiucjfs pnrn `usgnr n klmssfrn nctkrmfr/pr÷xmln jmspfcìvkh. 0 Ufgá pfjk gncgkhnr n smctfcmn pfr `usgn nf prkssmfcnr f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) / R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn).
Nrlnzkcnlkctf k gdnlnjn jns klmssfrns jn lkl÷rmn Ufgá pfjk engmhlkctk nrlnzkcnr ntí skms klmssfrns prfirnlnjns pnrn gnjn `ncjn.
Nrlnzkcnlkctf jk uln klmssfrn prfirnlnjn lncunhlkctk > Wmctfcmzk pnrn uln klmssfrn jkskanjn
gfcefrlk f lítfjf ngmln. 0 _rkssmfck k skiurk f `ftçf RL.G.\ ntí n klmssfrn prfirnlnjn pmsgnr cn tkhn. _rkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn gmln) fu R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) pnrn skhkgmfcnr ul cñlkrf prfirnlnjf k, klnrlnzkcî-hf. skiumjn, prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ pnrn Ufgá tnl`íl pfjk rknhmznr n fpkrnéçf pkhf gfctrfhk rklftf gfcefrlk f pnssf n skiumr1 _rkssmfck k skiurk ul `ftçf jk cñlkrf (>-5) cf gfctrfhk rklftf, n klmssfrn ntunh skrî nrlnzkcnjn cn lkl÷rmn.
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
Nrlnzkcnlkctf jk uln klmssfrn prfirnlnjn nutflntmgnlkctk N @WL (Lkl÷rmn jns lkhdfrks klmssfrns) nrlnzkcn nutflntmgnlkctk ns 5 klmssfrns lnms efrtks jk gnjn `ncjn2 n ucmjnjk pfjk nrlnzkcnr >4 klmssfrns cf tftnh. Lkl÷rmn jns lkhdfrks klmssfrns > _r _rkkssmfck k skiurk f `ftçf R @WL\ pfr lnms jk 0 skiucjfs pnrn `usgnr k nrlnzkcnr klmssfrns. Jurnctk n `usgn k f nrlnzkcnlkctf, ‘@WL“ npnrkgk cf jmsphny. 0 N ucmjnjk enrî n rkprfjuéçf rksulmjn jns klmssfrns prfirnlnjns nutflntmgnlkctk k ‘NLW-“ npnrkgkrî cf jmsphny. • _nrn gncgkhnr, prkssmfck f `ftçf `ftçf R @WL\ cfvnlkctk. Gflf gdnlnr jn lkl÷rmn klmssfrns prfirnlnjns _rkssmfck f `ftçf R @WL\ pnrn enzkr n rkprfjuéçf rksulmjn jk tfjns ns klmssfrns prfirnlnjns.
HFG/JT (smctfcmn pfr `usgn hfgnh/ jmstnctk) N smctfcmn pfr `usgn hfgnh pkrlmtk quk vfgá smctfcmzk npkcns ns klmssfrns jk rîjmf gfl smcnms sugmkctklkctk efrtks pnrn `fn rkgkpéçf. Wmctfcmn pfr `usgn jmstnctk pkrlmtk rkgk`kr tfjfs fs smcnms. > _rkssmfck k skiurk f `ftçf `ftçf RWKH\ pnrn vmsunhmznr f lfjf jk naustk. 0 _rkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) / R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) cf pnmckh @r
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Eucgmfcnlkctf jkstn ucmjnjk erfctnh fu R \ / R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn skhkgmfcnr f lkcu jk naustk jf Pîjmf. 7 Imrk RL.G.\ fu prkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu f `ftçf Rgursfr \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn lfvkr f pnrn n fpéçf HFG JT. : _rkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn kspnhdnr f su`lkcu. ; Imrk RL.G.\ fu prkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu R \ / R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn skhkgmfcnr n fpéçf jkskanjn. 5 _rkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcrlnr.
Pkprfjuéçf jk [W@ Pkprfjuéçf nrqumvfs kl ul jmspfsmtmvf jkjknrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ > N`rn n tnlpn jn pfrtn pfrtn [W@. 0 Gfckgtk f jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ utmhmzncjf ul gn`f [W@. 7 N ucmjnjk nhtkrcnrî pnrn f lfjf [W@ k gnrrkinrî fs nrqumvfs cf jmspfsmtmvf [W@ nutflntmgnlkctk.
Mctkrrupéçf jn rkprfjuéçf jk nrqumvfs kl ul jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ • Nhtkrck pnrn futrf lfjf. • Jk sgfc kgtk f jmsp fsmt mvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@.
Lkcu Hmstn N ucmjnjk kctrnrî cf lkcu hmstn jkpfms jk gfckgtnr f jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@, khk rkprfjuzmrî nrqumvfs jk îujmf nutflntmgnlkctk jkpfms jk >; skiucjfs, prkssmfck f `ftçf RKWG\ pnrn vfhtnr nf lkcu hmstn.
Mcjmgnjfr jk efctk Mcjmgnjfr jk stntus jn rkprfjuéçf Cñlkrf jn enmxn ntunh/Cñlkrf tftnh jk enmxns Dfrn Mcjmgnjfr jn hmstn jk îujmf Mcjmgnjfr jn hmstn jk eftfs Mcjmgnjfr jn hmstn jk vìjkfs Hmstn jk nrqumvfs
Wkhkéçf jn gntkifrmn jk nrqumvfs N ucmjnjk kctrnrî cn hmstn jk nrqumvfs jkpfms jk gnrrkinr f nrlnzkcnlkctf2 prkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu f `ftçf R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn rktfrcnr ï skhkéçf jk tmpf jk nrqumvf. _rkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu R \ / R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn skhkgmfcnr n gntkifrmn jk nrqumvfs (Îujmf, Eftf, Uìjkf) k prkssmfck RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcrlnr.
Wkhkéçf jk uln pnstn > _rkssmfck R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) fu R \ / `ftçf R \ pnrn skhkgmfcnr uln pnstn (sk kxmstmrkl pnstns cf nrlnzkcnlkctf) k prkssmfck RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcrlnr. 0 _nrn hfgnhmznr uln su`pnstn, rkpmtn f pnssf ngmln.
Wkhkéçf jk ul nrqumvf (gnpìtuhf) Cf lkcu jn hmstn jk nrqumvfs, prkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) fu R \ / R \ pnrn skhkgmfcnr ul nrqumvf
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Eucgmfcnlkctf Eucgmfcnlk ctf jkstn ucmjnjk k prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\, n ucmjnjk gnrrkinrî f nrqumvf k mcmgmnrî n rkprfjuéçf.
Wkhkéçf jk ul nrqumvf jk futrn pnstn1
> Wk dfuvkr lnms jk uln pnstn cf nrlnzkcnlkctf, ul ìgfck jk pnstn npnrkgkrî sf`rk fs cflks jfs nrqumvfs. _rkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_n (_nrn rn `nmx `nmxf) f) fu R \ / R \ pnrn skhkgmfcî-hn k prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn lfstrnr tfjns ns pnstns. 0 _rkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_n (_nrn rn `nmx `nmxf) f) fu R \ / R \ pnrn skhkgmfcnr uln pnstn k prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn lfstrnr fs nrqumvfs cn pnstn.
Pkprfjuéçf jk nrqumvfs jk îujmf
Enmxn nctkrmfr/pr÷xmln _rkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) _rkssmfck fu R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) pnrn mr pnrn n enmxn nctkrmfr fu pr÷xmln.
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
Nvncéf fuk rktrfgkssf rîpmjf _rkssmfck _rkssmfck skiurk f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) fu R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) pfr lnms jk 0 skiucjfs pnrn rktrfgkjkr/nvncénr rnpmjnlkctk kl 0, :, 4, >5 pnssfs. Ufhtnr nf lkcu jn hmstn _rkssmfck f `ftçf RKWG\ pnrn vfhtnr nf lkcu jn hmstn.
Pkprfjuéçf jk nrqumvfs jk eftf Pkprfjuzmr/_nusn _rkssmfck f `ftçf R rkprfjuzmr/pnusnr.
@NCJ\ fu R
\ pnrn
Eftf nctkrmfr/pr÷xmln _rkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) _rkssmfck fu R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) pnrn mr pnrn n eftf nctkrmfr fu pr÷xmln. Pftnéçf jn eftf _ rkssmfck f `ftçfR \ pnrn imrnr n eftf _rkssmfck 09?¿ -3 >4?¿ -3 =?¿, prkssmfck f `ftçf R \ pnrn imrnr imrnr n eftf =?WJir -3 >4?¿ -3 09?¿, gnjn prkssmfcnlkctf pnrn imrnr n eftf =?¿, prkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) fu R \ / R \ pnrn imrnr n eftf >4?WJir.
EHNZ
Ufhtnr nf lkcu jn hmstn _rkssmfck f `ftçf R @WL\ pnrn vfhtnr nf lkcu jn hmstn. Mcefrlnéûks sf`rk n enmxn Mcefrlnéûks jk Pkprfjuéçf gfl Pkpktméçf k Nhknt÷rmn Mcjmgnjfr jk kekmtf sfcfrf Zklpf jkgfrrmjf/Zklpf tftnh jn enmxn • Cf lkcu jk rkprfjuéçf, prkssmfck f `ftçf RKWG\ pnrn rktfrcnr ï gntkifrmn supkrmfr.
Pkprfjuzmr/_nusn _rkssmfck f `ftçf R
@NCJ \ cf pnmckh
erfctnh fu R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn rkprfjuzmr/pnusnr.
Pkprfjuéçf jk nrqumvfs jk vìjkf Pkprfjuzmr/_nusn _rkssmfck f `ftçf R @NCJ \ fu R pnrn rkprfjuzmr/pnusnr.
\
Gnpìtuhf nctkrmfr/pr÷xmlf _rkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) fu _rkssmfck R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) pnrn mr pnrn f gnpìtuhf nctkrmfr fu pr÷xmlf. Nvncéf fu rktrfgkssf rîpmjf _rkssmfck k skiurk f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n _rkssmfck ksqukrjn) fu R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) pfr lnms jk 0 skiucjfs pnrn rktrfgkjkr/nvncénr rnpmjnlkctk kl 0, :, 4, >5 pnssfs. @r
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Eucgmfcnlkctf jkstn ucmjnjk Ufhtnr nf lkcu jn hmstn _rkssmfck f `ftçf R @WL\ pnrn vfhtnr nf lkcu jn hmstn. Cftns • Jksgfckgtk fs jmspfsmtmvfs jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ jn ucmjnjk quncjf cçf kstmvkrkl kl usf. • Hkvnrî nhiucs lmcutfs jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf jk jmspfsmtmvfs jk nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf, gfctkcjf uln gfl`mcnéçf jk vîrmfs tmpfs jk nrqumvfs jk lìjmn. • [tmhmzk ul gn`f [W@ fpgmfcnh fpgmfcnh jn _mfckkr (GJ-[;?K) pnrn gfckgtnr f îujmf phnykr [W@/lkl÷rmn [W@, aî quk qunhqukr jmspfsmtmvf gfckgtnjf jmrktnlkctk ï ucmjnjk emgn prfaktnjf pnrn efrn k pfjk skr pkrmifsf. • Cçf utmhmzk prfjutfs prfjutfs cçf nutfrmznjfs. nutfrmznjfs.
>:
• F gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ í prftkimjf pkhf smstkln JPL (Jmimtnh Pmidts Lncniklkct). F smstkln hmlmtn n rkprfjuéçf jk gfctkñjf jk kqumpnlkctfs kspkgìgfs k rkimstrnjfs. Wk uln lkcsnikl efr vmsunhmznjn np÷s mcskrmr f jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf gfl gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ, UFJ, utmhmzk f L.G. pnrn skhkgmfcnr f lfjf jkskanjf. Imrk pnrn nhtkrnr f lfjf. _rkssmfck pnrn skhkgmfcnr. • Pkprfjuzmr ‗ Pkprfjuz Pkprfjuz f gfctkñjf gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ • Pkprfjuzmr pr÷xmlf ‗ _uhn pnrn f pr÷xmlf nrqumvf • _nrnr ‗ Wk vfgá cçf qumskr rkprfjuzmr f gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ UFJ
Pkprfjuéçf jk jmsgf
Pkprfjuéçf jk gfctkñjf JmvT® UFJ
Mcskréçf jk ul jmsgf
Gkrtfs gfctkñjfs JmvT ® UFJ UFJ (vìjkf sf` jklncjn) s÷ pfjkl skr rkprfjuzmjfs pfr ul jktkrlmcnjf cñlkrf jk vkzks. ^uncjf vfgá tkctnr rkprfjuzmr kstk tmpf jk gfctkñjf snhvf kl ul jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf, f cñlkrf rklncksgkctk jk vkzks quk khk pfjkrî skr rkprfjuzmjf skrî lfstrnjf cn tkhn. Ufgá pfjk kctçf jkgmjmr sk rkprfjuzmrî fu cçf f gfctkñjf jf jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf. • Wk cçf dfuvkr ul hmlmtk pnrn f cñlkrf jk vkzks quk f gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ pfjk skr vmsunhmznjf, vfgá pfjkrî mcskrmr f jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf cf phnykr k rkprfjuzmr f gfctkñjf qunctns vkzks qumskr k ckcduln lkcsnikl skrî kxm`mjn. • Ufgá pfjk gfcrlnr f cñlkrf jk vkzks quk f gfctkñjf pfjk skr rkprfjuzmjf vkrmemgncjf f cñlkrf kxm`mjf np÷s Umsunhmznéûks rkstnctks.
> _rkssmfck f `ftçf (pîimcn 9, ) pnrn n`rmr f pnmckh. 0 Mcsmrn ul jmsgf jmsgf cf shft shft jk gnrrkinlkctf gnrrkinlkctf (pîimcn 9, ). 7 Ekgdk f pnmckh pnmckh k n ucmjnjk lujnrî pnrn f lfjf jk jmsgf nutflntmgnlkctk.
Cftns • Gfcemrlk sk dî ul jmsgf cn ucmjnjk nctks jk mcskrmr futrf. • N ucmjnjk snmrî jn efctk jk rkprfjuéçf ntunh k kctrnrî cf lfjf jk JUJ quncjf ul jmsgf efr mcskrmjf. • Fs skiumctks skiumctks efrlntfs efrlntfs jk jmsgf skrçf skrçf supfrtnjfs1 GJ-P, GJ-PY, JUJ-P, JUJ+P, JUJ-PY, JUJ + PY .
Mlpfrtnctk • _nrn rkprfjuzmr gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ ckstn ucmjnjk, vfgá prmlkmrf prkgmsn rkimstrnr n ucmjnjk auctf nf sku prfvkjfr jk gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ. _nrn f`tkr jktnhdks sf`rk f sku g÷jmif jk rkimstrf, gfcsuhtk Umsunhmznéçf jf g÷jmif jk rkimstrf JmvT ® UFJ. UFJ.
Cftns • Jkpfms jk kaktnr f jmsgf, n ucmjnjk rkvkrtkrî pnrn futrf lfjf nutflntmgnlkctk. • Ufgá pfjk kaktnr ul jmsgf quncjf n
@r
Kakéçf jk ul jmsgf > _rkssmfck f `ftçf (pîimcn 5, ) pnrn n`rmr f pnmckh. 0 _rkssmfck f `ftçf R \ (pîimcn 9, ) pnrn kaktnr f jmsgf. 7 Ekgdk f pnmckh.
ucmjnjk kstmvkr jkshminjn. N ucmjnjk pkrlnckgkrî jkshminjn jkpfms quk f jmsgf efr kaktnjf.
Wkéçf
?7 • Wk f jmsgf cçf efr rklfvmjf jn ucmjnjk jkctrf jk >? skiucjfs, khk skrî rkgnrrkinjf pnrn mlpkjmr jncfs ngmjkctnms.
jk fjmsgf >Pkprfjuéçf ^uncjf ul jmsgf jmsg efr mcskrmjf, f jmsphny lfstrnrî ‘Gnrrkincjf“. _nrn L_7/YLN fu jmsgf gfl vîrmfs nrqumvfs, f tklpf jk hkmturn pfjkrî kxgkjkr > lmcutf. 0 Kcqunctf fs nrqumvfs jk îujmf/eftf/ vìjkf sçf rkprfjuzmjfs, f lkcu jn hmstn npnrkgk cf jmsphny. F lkcu jn hmstn k ns fpkrnéûks sçf miunms gfl n rkprfjuéçf jk [W@ (pîimcn >7). _nrnjn tklpfrîrmn jn rkprfjuéçf - Jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf, prkssmfck R @NCJ \ fu R \ pnrn pnusnr n rkprfjuéçf. - F sfl skrî klujkgmjf. - F jmsphny lfstrn ‘_N[WK“. _rkssmfckR @NCJ\ fu R \ cfvnlkctk pnrn gfctmcunr n rkprfjuéçf. _nrn rktflnr n rkprfjuéçf cfrlnh, rkpmtn n fpkrnéçf.
_nrnjn tftnh jn rkprfjuéçf > Jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf, prkssmfck f `ftçf R @WL \ uln vkz pnrn pnrnr n rkprfjuéçf k f hfgnh rkhkvnctk cf jmsgf í snhvf. _rkssmfck R R @NCJ \ fu R \ pnrn rktflnr n rkprfjuéçf n pnrtmr jf hfgnh snhvf cf jmsgf. 0 _rkssmfckR @WL \ juns vkzks pnrn mctkrrflpkr n rkprfjuéçf. _rkssmfck @NCJ \ jf fu mcìgmf1 R pnrn mcmgmnr Rn rkprfjuéçf n\ pîimcn jk Zìtuhf jf JUJ fu n prmlkmrn enmxn jf UGJ / GJ.
Wkhkéçf jn enmxn jkskanjn - _rkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) ksqukrjn) fu R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) pnrn puhnr pnrn n enmxn nctkrmfr/skiumctk.
Nvncéf/rktrfgkssf rîpmjf jurnctk Nvncéf/rktrfgkssf n rkprfjuéçf _rkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) fu R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) pfr lnms jk 0 skiucjfs, vîrmns vkzks, pnrn skhkgmfcnr T0, T:, T4, T>5 pnrn rktrfgkjkr fu nvncénr rnpmjnlkctk n enmxn jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf. - Jurnctk n fpkrnéçf jk nvncéf fu
rktrfgkssf rîpmjf, prkssmfck R R @NCJ \ fu R \ `rkvklkctk pnrn rkprfjuzmr jk lnckmrn cfrlnh jk cfvf. - Jurnctk n fpkrnéçf jk nvncéf fu rktrfgkssf rîpmjf, f vfhulk skrî klujkgmjf.
Pkprfjuéçf nhknt÷rmn jk enmxns (pnrn GJ/UGJ/L_7/YLN npkcns)
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
Ufgá pfjk rkprfjuzmr tfjns ns enmxns kl frjkl nhknt÷rmn. > Jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf, prkssmfck f `ftçf R PJL \ cn ucmjnjk jk gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn skhkgmfcnr n rkprfjuéçf nhknt÷rmn. 0 _rkssmfck f `ftçf RPJL\ cfvnlkctk pnrn skhkgmfcnr n rkprfjuéçf cfrlnh.
Pkpktmr Jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf, prkssmfck f `ftçf RP_Z\ cn ucmjnjk jk gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn skhkgmfcnr n rkprfjuéçf gfl rkpktméçf.
Pkpktmr N-@ Wkhkgmfck n pnssnikl jkskanjn pnrn rkpktmr n rkprfjuéçf. - _rkssmfck RN-3@\ cf gfctrfhk gfctrfhk rklftf uln vkz pnrn skhkgmfcnr f pfctf jk mcìgmf. - _rkssmfck RN-3@\ cfvnlkctk pnrn skhkgmfcnr f pfctf jk tírlmcf, n pnssnikl skhkgmfcnjn gflkén n skr rkprfjuzmjn. - _rkssmfck RN-3@\ lnms uln vkz pnrn snmr.
MP _NPN Mr f tìtuhf/gnpìtuhf cfpnrn tklpf jmrktnlkctk jfjkskanjf vìjkf. fu pfctf > _rkssmfck f `ftçf RI\(MP _NPN) cf gfctrfhk rklftf2 f lkcu jk `usgn skrî kxm`mjf cn pnrtk supkrmfr jn tkhn. 0 [sk fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu R \ / R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn skhkgmfcnr Zìtuhf, Gnpìtuhf fu Dfrn, sk ckgkssîrmf. Ns fpéûks jf lkcu jk `usgn jkpkcjkl jf tmpf jk vìjkf2 tnhvkz kxm`n npkcns uln fu juns fpéûks. 7 [sk f `ftçf R \ fu R \ pnrn skhkgmfcnr f tìtuhf/gnpìtuhf jkskanjf fu mcsmrn f cñlkrf usncjf fs `ftûks jk jìimtfs. : _rkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcrlnr. @r
>;
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Eucgmfcnlkctf jkstn ucmjnjk
_@G - Gfctrfhk G fctrfhk jk rkprfjuéçf (pnrn UGJ 0.? fu supkrmfr) > Wk vfgá mcskrmr ul UGJ gfl _@G, prkssmfck RLKC[/_@G\ pnrn ntmvnr/ jksntmvnr f _@G. 0 ^uncjf f _G@ efr jkemcmjf gflf Jksntmvnjf, n rkprfjuéçf mcmgmnrî n pnrtmr jf mcìgmf jn prmlkmrn enmxn nutflntmgnlkctk. 7 ^uncjf f _@G efr jkemcmjf gflf Ntmvnjf, f lkcu _@G skrî kxm`mjf. [sk fs `ftûks jk cnvkinéçf fu `ftûks jk jìimtfs pnrn skhkgmfcnr n enmxn jkskanjn, prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcemrlnr n rkprfjuéçf k jkpfms f _@G skrî jkemcmjf gflf Jksntmvnjf nutflntmgnlkctk.
Naustks jf smstkln Kl tfjfs fs lfjfs, prkssmfck k skiurk RWKH\ pnrn kctrnr cf lkcu jk naustk jf smstkln. N ucmjnjk cçf fpfjk kctrnr cf fgupnjf, lkcu jk naustk quncjf smstkln kstî gflf pfr kxklphf gnrrkincjf ul jmsgf fu [W@.
_rkssmfck f `ftçf RN[JMF/L[WMG\ pnrn skhkgmfcnr f gncnh jk îujmf n skr fuvmjf (K, J, Kstírkf).
> _rkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) / R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) fu R \ / R \ pnrn skhkgmfcnr n gntkifrmn. 0 Imrk RL.G.\ fu prkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) fu R \ / R \ pnrn skhkgmfcnr ul cñlkrf, prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn skhkgmfcnr ns fpéûks k, kl skiumjn, prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn kspnhdnr f su`lkcu. 7 Imrk RL.G.\ fu prkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_rn `nmxf) fu R \/ R \ pnrn jkstngnr n skhkéçf jkskanjn, prkssmfck RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcrlnr. • _rkssmfcnr R \ rktfrcnrî nf gntîhfif supkrmfr.
Wkhkéçf jk hkikcjn jf JUJ
Lkcu jk naustk
Wkhkéçf jk JUJ Îujmf _rkssmfck f `ftçf RN[JMF/L[WMG\ pnrn skhkgmfcnr f mjmfln îujmfjk n skr fuvmjf sk f JUJ tmvkr vîrmfsjf mjmflns îujmf.
Wkhkéçf jk UGJ Îujmf
_rkssmfck f `ftçf RW[@ZMZHK/_DFZF\ pnrn skhkgmfcnr f mjmfln jn hkikcjn n skr kxm`mjn sk f JUJ tmvkr hkikcjns kl vîrmfs mjmflns.
WKZZMCI
Wkhkéçf jk tìtuhf jf JUJ _rkssmfck f `ftçfRZMZHK\ pnrn kxm`mr n hmstn jk tìtuhfs fu /gnpìtuhfs, fs `ftûksR •\ (_nrn gmln) R • \ (_nrnusk `nmxf) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu R \ / R \ / R \/R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf fu jmimtk f cñlkrf pnrn skhkgmfcnr, prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn rkprfjuzmr.
Dfrn
Wkhkéçf jk àciuhf jf JUJ
Gntkifrmn
_rkssmfck f `ftçf RNCIHK/UMJKF\ pnrn skhkgmfcnr ul àciuhf jmekrkctk n skr kxm`mjf sk f JUJ tmvkr vmsunhmznéûks gfl vîrmfs àciuhfs.
Wu`lkcu
Qffl _rkssmfck f `ftçf R QFFL \, n mlnikl skrî nlphmnjn jk ngfrjf.
Fpéûks
Ikrnh @mpk1 Ntmvk fu jksntmvk f sfl jk `mpk. Efrlntf jk dfrns1 Wkhkgmfck >0 dfrns fu 0: dfrns.
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Eucgmfcnlkctf Eucgmfcnlk ctf jkstn ucmjnjk Naustk jk dfrns1 _rkssmfck f `ftçf R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) fu R \ pnrn nhtkrcnr kctrk dfrns k lmcutfs, imrk RL.G.\ fu prkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) fu R \ / R \ pnrn
Naustks pnjrçf Gnrrkiuk fs naustks pnjrçf. ^uncjf f lkcu jk skhkéçf npnrkgkr, prkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) / R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) fu R \ / R \ pnrn
naustnr. Jksntmvnéçf jf JmvT ® Kxm`n ns mcefrlnéûks jk ntmvnéçf jk JmvT ® . _nrn rkprfjuzmr gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ UFJ (vìjkf sf` jklncjn) ckstn ucmjnjk, í prkgmsf prmlkmrf rkimstrnr n ucmjnjk auctf n ul prfvkjfr jk gfctkñjf JmvT ® UFJ. UFJ.
skhkgmfcnr Wml fu pnrn Cçf. gfcrlnr. _rkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\
Pkimstrf jf JmvT ® _nrn lfstrnr f g÷jmif jk rkimstrf JmvT ® k smtk jn Yk`. Gfctrfhk jfs pnms > ^uncjf ‘Mcskrmr skcdn“ npnrkgkr cf jmsphny, mcsmrn uln skcdn jk : jìimtfs pkhf gfctrfhk rklftf (Wkcdn frmimcnh1 4444). _rkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcemrlnr k ‘Gfrrmimr skcdn“ skrî kxm`mjf. 0 _rkssmfck RL.G.\ RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\, imrk RL.G.\ fu prkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) fu R \ / R \ pnrn skhkgmfcnr ul cìvkh jk ghnssmgnéçf. N ghnssmgnéçf í jk > n 41 (>) gfl fs lnmfrks hmlmtks jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf. (4) gfl fs lkcfrks hmlmtks jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf. 7 _rkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcrlnr. Jkecméçf skcdn skcdn“ npnrkgkr cf > ^uncjfjk‘Mcskrmr
0
7
• •
jmsphny, mcsmrn n skcdn nctmin pkhf gfctrfhk rklftf, prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcemrlnr k ‘Gfrrmimr skcdn“ skrî kxm`mjf. _rkssmfck RL.G.\ RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\, mcsmrn uln cfvn skcdn jk : jìimtfs pkhf gfctrfhk rklftf, prkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn gfcrlnr. Kl skiumjn, mcsmrn n cfvn skcdn cfvnlkctk pnrn gfcemrlnr juns vkzks. _rkssmfck f `ftçf RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ k ‘Jkemcméçf `kl-sugkjmjn jk skcdn“ í kxm`mjf. Wkcdn frmimcnh1 4444 Wk vfgá ksqukgkr sun skcdn, mcsmrn n skcdn frmimcnh pnrn jks`hfquknr.
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
Kspkhdf1 Nf skhkgmfcnr ‘Kspkhdf ntmvnjf“, f vìjkf jn gàlkrn tkrî mlnikl kl kspkhdf. Gàlkrn trnskmrn Wkhkgmfck @ntkrmn jn gàlkrn trnskmrn, Zkrrn fu Jksntmvnjf. @ntkrmn1 quncjf n pfhnrmjnjk jf gfcjutfr gfckgtnjf efr pfsmtmvn kcqunctf n nhnvncgn jk lujncén kstmvkr cn pfsméçf PKUKPWK (P) Zkrrn1 quncjf n pfhnrmjnjk jf gfcjutfr gfckgtnjf efr ckintmvn kcqunctf n nhnvncgn jk lujncén kstmvkr cn pfsméçf PKUKPWK (P) Jksntmvnjf1 n gàlkrn jk `ngbup kstî jksntmvnjn. Kctrnjn NU Wkhkgmfck Kctrnjn NU ntmvnjn fu jksntmvnjn. N[T Wkhkgmfck jmspfsmtmvf nuxmhmnr ntmvnjf fu jksntmvnjf. Jklf Wkhkgmfck Jklf, prkssmfck RL.G.\ fu RKCZKP\ pnrn kxkgutnr. ‘Jklf“ pmsgnrî cf gnctf supkrmfr jmrkmtf k, kl skiumjn, f lfjf JKLF skrî ntmvnjf.
Pfhnikl jk tkxtf Wkhkgmfck Pfhnikl jk tkxtf ntmvnjn fu jksntmvnjn.
Umjkf
Pkhnéçf jk nspkgtf1 :171 pnrn mlnikcs kl ZU jk :17. >51=1 pnrn ZU jk tkhn nlphn jk >51=. Cftn Cçf dî n kspkgmemgnéçf >51= pnrn UGJ. _nrn UGJ, n snìjn jk vìjkf kstî npkcns cf efrlntf :17. Cf cfssf lkcu jk naustk, f naustk :17 fu >51= í pnrn f naustk jf lfcmtfr jk trncslmtmrî vìjkf, lnsfmssf smicmemgn quk f JUJ smcnhcçf jk vìjkf cf @r
>9
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Eucgmfcnlkctf jkstn ucmjnjk efrlntf :17 fu >51=, f quk smicmemgn quk cfssf ZEZ í >51=. ^uncjf rkprfjuzmlfs UGJ, sk qumskrlfs lnctkr f smcnh jk vìjkf skl jmstfréçf, f vìjkf cçf jkvk skr jkcmjf kl tkhn gdkmn gflf >51=.
Naustk jk îujmf N[JMF WKZZMCI EHNZ
Mjmfln Jkemcméçf jf mjmfln jk Hkikcjn, Îujmf, Lkcu jf JUJ kxm`mjf cn tkhn. Wk f JUJ tmvkr f nrqumvf jk îujmf cf mjmfln skhkgmfcnjf, fs jmîhfifs ksgutnjfs kstnrçf cf mjmfln skhkgmfcnjf.
Îujmf
Wfcfrmjnjk1 Ntmvk fu jksntmvk n sfcfrmjnjk. Wu`wffekr1 Wkhkgmfck 4?Dz, >0?Dz fu >5?Dz pnrn ntmvnr n rklféçf jf su`wffekr. Wkhkgmfck su`wffekr jksntmvnjf pnrn ntmvnr n rklféçf jn hmcdn trnskmrn. Ufhulk skgucjîrmf1 Wkhkgmfck f vfhulk jf su`wffekr1 ? n 77. • Ufhulk skgucjîrm f cçf pfjk skr naustnjf quncjf Wu`wffekr jksntmvnjf efr skhkgmfcnjf.
Pîjmf
HFG / JT1 Wkhkgmfck rîjmf hfgnh fu jmstnctk. HFG1 sflkctk klmssfrns gfl efrtk smcnh pfjkl skr rkgk`mjns. JT1 klmssfrns gfl smcnms efrtks k erngfs pfjkl skr rkgk`mjns. Kstírkf / Lfcf1 Wkhkgmfck EL kstírkf fu lfcf. EL Wtkp (_nssf jk smctfcmn EL)1 Wkhkgmfcn f pnssf EL ;?bDz fu >??bDz. `usgnr pnssf jk smctfcmn • F pnssf pnssf jk smctfcmn pkrlnckgk n ;? bDz jurnctk n smctfcmn lncunh.
_nssf jk NL1 Wkhkgmfcn f pnssf NL =bDz fu >?bDz F pnssf jk smctfcmn NL pfjk skr nhtkrcnjf kctrk =bDz k >?bDz.
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_rkssmfck f `ftçf RWKH\ pnrn kctrnr cf lkcu jk naustk jk îujmf. F prmlkmrf prkssmfcnlkctf lfstrn f K^ ntunh. _rkssmfck fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn gmln) / R • \ (_nrn `nmxf) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu R \ / R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn nhtkrnr f K^ ckstn frjkl1 EHNZ -3 KHKZPFCMGN -3 _F_ PFGB -3 WNL@N -3 WKPZNCKAF -3 G[WZFL . _nrn jktkrlmcnr n jkemcméçf jf usuîrmf, prkssmfck f `ftçf RWKH\ fu fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) / R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu R \ / R \ pnrn skhkgmfcîhn, mcghumcjf1 @NW (Irnvk)/LMJ (Líjmf)/ ZPK (Niujf)/@NH (Kqumhì`rmf)/ENJ (Enjkr), prkssmfck f `ftçf R \ / R \ pnrn naustnr f vnhfr.
Naustk jk vìjkf UMJKF WKZZMCI
@PM
GFC
WNZ
Cf lkcu jk naustk Îujmf, prkssmfck f `ftçf RWKH\ fu fs `ftûks R • \ (_nrn n ksqukrjn) / R • \ (_nrn n jmrkmtn) cf pnmckh erfctnh fu R \ / R \ pnrn skhkgmfcî-hn, mcghumcjf1 @PM (`rmhdf) / GFC (gfctrnstk) / WNZ (snturnéçf), prkssmfck f `ftçf R \ / R \ cf gfctrfhk rklftf pnrn naustnr f vnhfr. * F lfcmtfr trnskmrf cçf í naustîvkh.
Wkéçf
Eucgmfcnlkctf Eucgmfcnlk ctf jkstn ucmjnjk
?7
Cftn F naustk jk vìjkf í naustîvkh npkcns pnrn f jmsphny jkstk prfjutf, khk cçf í naustîvkh quncjf f vìjkf tkl snìjn pnrn f jmsphny jk futrfs jmspfsmtmvfs.
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
Futrns eucéûks [tmhmznéçf jk uln efctk N[T [l jmspfsmtmvf nuxmhmnr vkcjmjf s k p n r n j n l k c t k , g f l f u l U GP f u jmspfsmtmvf pfrtîtmh, pfjk skr gfckgtnjf n kstn ucmjnjk. Nf gfckgtnr ul jmspfsmtmvf nuxmhmnr utmhmzncjf n kctrnjn N[T erfctnh. • Ufgá prkgmsn ntmvnr n eucéçf N[T cf lkcu jk naustk mcmgmnh (pîi. >4). • Í pfssìvkh gfckgtnr ul îujmf/vìjkf phnykr pfrtîtmh utmhmzncjf ul phuiuk jk 7,; ll (: pfhfs) gfl ulCf gn`f PGN (vkcjmjf skpnrnjnlkctk). kctnctf, jkpkcjkcjf jf gn`f, n gfckxçf mcvkrsn kctrk f gn`f vkrlkhdf (îujmf jf hnjf jmrkmtf) k f gn`f nlnrkhf (vìjkf) pfjk skr rkqukrmjn pnrn quk f sfl k n mlnikl jk vìjkf skanl rkprfjuzmjfs gfrrktnlkctk.
[tmhmznéçf jk uln efctk NU Nf gfckgtnr ul jmspfsmtmvf nuxmhmnr utmhmzncjf n kctrnjn NU trnskmrn. • Ufgá prkgmsn ntmvnr n eucéçf NU cf lkcu jk naustk mcmgmnh (pîi. >4). • Í pfssìvkh gfckgtnr ul îujmf/ vìjkf phnykr pfrtîtmh utmhmzncjf ul phuiuk pnjrçf gfl ul gn`f PGN (vkcjmjf skpnrnjnlkctk). Cf kctnctf, jkpkcjkcjf jf gn`f, n gfckxçf mcvkrsn kctrk f gn`f vkrlkhdf/ `rncgf (îujmf jf hnjf jmrkmtf/ksqukrjf) pfjk skr rkqukrmjn pnrn quk f sfl k n mlnikl jk vìjkf skanl rkprfjuzmjfs gfrrktnlkctk.
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Mcstnhnéçf
Gfckxçf jn ucmjnjk NJUKPZÁCGMN • _nrn kvmtnr f rmsgf jk ngmjkctk k n vmfhnéçf kl pftkcgmnh jns hkms nphmgîvkms, ckcduln vmsunhmznéçf jk vìjkf cfs nsskctfs jmnctkmrfs jkvk fgfrrkr kcqunctf f vkìguhf kstmvkr skcjf gfcjuzmjf. • Kl nhiucs pnìsks fu kstnjfs , n vmsunhmznéçf jk mlnikcs kl ul jmsphny jkctrf jk ul vkìguhf, ntí lkslf pfr futrns pkssfns quk cçf skanl f lftfrmstn, pfjk skr mhkinh. Kl tnms hfgnms fcjk kssns rkiuhnlkctnéûks sk nphmgnl, khns jkvkl skr f`kjkgmjns. NJUKPZÁCGMN F GFCJ[ZFP UKPJK-GHNPF, CF GFCKGZFP JK NHMLKCZNÉÇF, EFM JKWKCUFHUMJF _NPN JKZKGZNP F WZNZ[W KWZNGMFCNJF K JKUK WKP NGF_HNJF Ï EFCZK JK NHMLKCZNÉÇF NF HNJF JF @FZÇF JF EPKMF JK LÇF. N GFCKTÇF F[ F [WF MCNJK^[NJF JKWWK GFCJ[ZFP _FJK UMFHNP N PKIPN N_HMGÎUKH K GN[WNP WÍPMFW NGMJKCZKW F[ JNCFW.
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G[MJNJF N _MFCKKP cçf rkgflkcjn rkgflkcjn quk vfgá vfgá mcstnhk ckl enén qunhqukr rkpnrf cf jmsphny. N mcstnhnéçf fu f rkpnrf jf prfjutf pfjk kxpfr vfgá n rmsgfs jk gdfquk khítrmgf, kctrk futrfs. Pkgfrrn ï kqumpk jk lncutkcéçf nutfrmznjn jn _mfckkr pnrn n mcstnhnéçf k f rkpnrf jf jmsphny. _rftkan tfjn tfjn n néçf gfl prksmhdns prksmhdns pnrn gn`fs fu emtn khítrmgn. Cçf pkrlmtn quk fs jkskcgnpnjfs qukl kxpfstfs. Cçf pkreurk f gflpnrtmlkctf gflpnrtmlkctf jf lftfr lftfr pnrn gfckgtnr f gn`f nlnrkhf jf jmsphny ï `ntkrmn jf vkìguhf. N vm`rnéçf jf lftfr pfjk kvkctunhlkctk enzkr gfl quk f msfhnlkctf ngn`k cf pfctf kl quk f f pnssn jf gflpnrtmlkctf jf pnssnikmrf pnrn f gflpnrtmlkctf jf lftfr. Lumtf gumjnjf nf prftkikr f f ckssk pfctf. Í kxtrklnlkct kxtrklnlkctkk pkrmifsf pkrlmtmr quk f gfcjutfr jf lmgrfefck skan kcrfhnjf kl tfrcf jn gfhucn jk jmrkéçf fu jn
lnrgdn. Gkrtmemquk-sk jk mcstnhnr n ucmjnjk jk lnckmrn quk khn cçf f`strun n gfcjuéçf. • Gkrtmem quk-sk jk quk fs gn`fs cçf kctrkl kl gfctntf gfl pkéns jf vkìguhf quk sk lfvmlkctnl, gflf gàl`mf, erkmf jk lçf fu lkgncmslf jk jkshmznlkctf jf nsskctf. • Cçf kcgurtk fs gn`fs. Wk emzkr mssf, f gmrgumtf jk prftkéçf pfjkrî enhdnr. NJUKPZÁCGMN • [tmhmzk nhtf-enhnctks gfl lnms jk ;? Y (vnhfr jk snìjn) k kctrk : έ n 4 έ (vnhfr jk mlpkjàcgmn). Cçf utmhmzk nhtf-enhnctks jk > έ n 7 έ ckstn ucmjnjk. • F gn`f prktf í f tkrrn. Nf mcstnhnr kstn ucmjnjk fu nlphmemgnjfr jk pftácgmn (vkcjmjf skpnrnjnlkctk), gfckgtk prmlkmrf f f-tkrrn. Gkrtmquk-sk jk quk f emf-tkrrn skan gfrrktnlkctk gfckgtnjf ïs pkéns lktîhmgns jf gfrpf jf gnrrf. F emf-tkrrn jf nlphmemgnjfr jk pftácgmn k f jkstn ucmjnjk fu jk qunhqukr futrf jmspfsmtmvf jkvkl skr gfckgtnjfs nf gnrrf skpnrnjnlkctk gfl pnrneusfs jmekrkctks. Wk f pnrneusf jf emf-tkrrn emgnr sfhtf fu gnmr, mssf pfjkrî gnusnr mcgácjmf, ikrnéçf jk eulnén fu prf`hklns jk eucgmfcnlkctf.
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Cçf efrckgmjf pnrn kstn ucmjnjk.
Mlpfrtnctk • Kstn ucmjnjk cçf pfjk skr mcstnhnjn kl ul vkìguhf skl uln pfsméçf NGG (Ngkss÷rmf) cn gdnvk jk micméçf.
Wkéçf
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Mcstnhnéçf
_fsméçf NGG
Ckcduln pfsméçf NGG
• _ nr n k vm t nr g u rt f- gm rg um t f, supkrnqukgmlkctf fu prf`hklns jk eucgmfcnlkctf, gkrtmquk-sk gkrtmquk-sk jk skiumr ns mcstruéûks n`nmxf. ‚ Jksgfckgtk f tkrlmcnh ckintmvf jn `ntkrmn nctks jn mcstnhnéçf. ‚ _rftkan n emnéçf gfl prksmhdns pnrn gn`fs fu tn njksmvn. _nrn prftkikr n néçf, utmhmzk tn njksmvn nf rkjfr jn néçf quk gn kl gfctntf gfl ns pkéns lktîhmgns. ‚ Gfhfquk tfjfs fs gn`fs nenstnjfs jk pkéns quk sk lfvmlkctnl, gflf n lnrgdn k fs trmhdfs jf nsskctf.
• Cucgn gfckgtk gfckgtk f gn`f nzuh/`rncgf nzuh/`rncgf nf tkrlmcnh jk pftácgmn jf nlphmemgnjfr kxtkrcf. Nhíl jmssf, cucgn f gfckgtk nf tkrlmcnh jk pftácgmn jn nctkcn nutflîtmgn. Wk emzkr mssf, n `ntkrmn pfjkrî jksgnrrkinr fu nprkskctnr jkekmtfs.
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
‚ Gfhfquk tfjfs fs gn`fs nenstnjfs jk huinrks quk pfssnl nqukgkr, gflf pkrtf jn snìjn jf nqukgkjfr. ‚ Cçf gfckgtk f gn`f nlnrkhf ï `ntkrmn pnssncjf-f pkhf frmeìgmf kl jmrkéçf nf gflpnrtmlkctf jf lftfr. ‚ Gu`rn qunmsqukr gfckgtfrks jk gn`f jksgfckgtnjfs gfl tn msfhnctk. ‚ Cçf kcgurtk fs gn`fs. ‚ Cucgn gfrtk f msfhnlkctf jf gn`f jk nhmlkctnéçf jkstn ucmjnjk pnrn gflpnrtmhdnr n kckrimn gfl futrfs jmspfsmtmvfs. N gnpngmjnjk jk gfrrkctk jf gn`f í hmlmtnjn. ‚ [tmhmzk ul eusìvkh gfl n ghnssmgnéçf prksgrmtn. ‚ Cucgn enén n gfckxçf jf gn`f ckintmvf jf nhtf-enhnctk jmrktnlkctk nf tkrrn. ‚ Cucgn gfckgtk auctfs fs gn`fs ckintmvfs jk vîrmfs nhtf-enhnctks. • ^uncjf kstn ucmjnjk ucmjnjk kstmvkr hminjn, fs smcnms jk gfctrfhk skrçf klmtmjfs pkhf gn`f nzuh/`rncgf. Gfckgtk kssk gn`f nf gfctrfhk rklftf jf smstkln jk ul nlphmemgnjfr jk pftácgmn kxtkrcf fu tkrlmcnh jk gfctrfhk jf rkhí jn nctkcn nutflîtmgn jf vkìguhf (lîx. 7?? lN >0 U GG). Wk f vkìguhf kstmvkr kqumpnjf gfl uln nctkcn ngfphnjn nf vmjrf, gfckgtk-n nf tkrlmcnh jn efctk jk nhmlkctnéçf jf mctkcsmgnjfr jn nctkcn. @r
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n u . r r f n f h , t n f n f g c t f h d h m e j k s k m k r n c j t m l n l f r s n k l r k N U l h m u h m i s j f s m r k k t k n j î j l s r f c n n m s e g f e k s f m h c g f ÷ u j k g p g f f h f d c n ì h l k r f n k k r v k j j f n l s m g m f ç l r k j é k k r j m n N U j c k k E f r t p f c p e , f r n k g f s m r r r ç é k ` n n j f g t e f h f n d h k c p k r k j k k f n l l l m s h l r k f n j n f h N U g j k k m f j j c t f f u t n . h l n c k n ` j c s n f m g j c g m f n i h n f d m u f r j k h m r i j ÷ l k f r h n f l k c l f n r u ç k l k k n ç r t n é N U r é l t n n m c s m n _ e n K k E
n t k r _ n r n t s n t m z k H h c m f m l G U f / / g ) ) n + ( @ + t k n r ( h t n f f t m m t m k g k m k r U / m r j c j ) - n f n ( j G j n t f m m r f r k m r t k m k f s j c ç n n r n m é Z j J c f u r m E k s n r Z
N r f t g k c f G
h n g f H
h r f n k k s l v j r k k j k h n k c j f k v k f f ( " j p ç I é ç n f h n f k f c t t k t r k r t c l k k n l f g . j n c l c s m f , c m h f n m k k n m t k g s j r ) n k e r f n j f j t a u t r j n s n s k k f g t f m h g t k f l p k k m j n f r k c u g f m f f r í t j g g f u i f k f f m j e k c j e c î r l r f t f f f f t , g f ) c j f h k j k n j n . j s v c r m l k ) f k n t f û I c n n j s u é f u f j f n 1 m q n t i f ç m k g n n 1 c é h t n h ( r t n n " t k c s f r k r l n k n t u c r f k t n r h i " r k f f m e f f j j n c n g u r i n r p r t c f n m k f g c t p f r l f G ( t M u k " f ç s j c n p j k m x c f r s c k f g k [ n m c h e g r u t f k k k f m F s q W j G v
n t k r _ n r t s m H l f g n z c m G / ) ( n t m k r m j n j f r m k t c n m J
f g c n r @ / ) + ( n j r k u q s k n j f r m k t c n m J
n r t s m H k l j f r g k U f g / c ) n + r ( @ n / j ) n r - t k ( n _ k q r u j s r k k u n q j s f k r m n k j s n f r r m Z k t c n m J
f / h k r _ n g n L c l N n r N / ` / Z ) C n r + N t ( s m h n U j 0 k l > h f g f r h n t m r c u k f z t n G N @
> 0 7 :
;
n a c n r n H / f ç é n c m l u h M
n t k r _ n r t s m H l f g k j r k U / ) ( n j r k u q s k n j f r m k s n r Z
f d h f k t k l r r k _ / U / n r + r k G Z G N
5 9 4
Wkéçf
?:
Mcstnhnéçf
Mcstnhnéçf Nctks jk mcstnhnr kstn ucmjnjk > Jksgfckgtk n `ntkrmn. Nctks jk gflkénr, sklprk jksgfckgtk f tkrlmcnh ckintmvf jn `ntkrmn. Cftns • Wk n ucmjnjk efr mcstnhnjn kl ul gnrrf kqumpnjf gfl uln ucmjnjk mctkrcn fu gflputnjfr jk cnvkinéçf, sk f gn`f jn `ntkrmn efr jksgfckgtnjf, n lkl÷rmn jf gflputnjfr pfjkrî skr pkrjmjn. Wf` kssns gfcjméûks, jkvk skr tflnjf gumjnjf kxtrn jurnctk n mcstnhnéçf pnrn kvmtnr ul gurtf-gmrgumtf. • Cn mcstnhnéçf, pnrn nsskiurnr n jmspkrsçf jk gnhfr nprfprmnjn nf utmhmznr kstn ucmjnjk, gkrtmquk-sk jk jkmxnr ul kspnéf nlphf ntrîs jf pnmckh trnskmrf k nlnrrk fs gn`fs sfhtfsjkjknr.efrln quk cçf `hfqukmkl ns snìjns
Jkmxk ul kspnéf nlphf
tkhkefck jf gnrrf, futrns snìjns jk îujmf pfjkl skr klujkgmjns quncjf f tkhkefck rkgk`k uln hminéçf.
Lnrgdn Pí Wk uln gàlkrn gfl vmsunhmznéçf trnskmrn kstmvkr gfckgtnjn ï ucmjnjk, n efctk jk rkprfjuéçf nhtkrcnrî pnrn n GÀLKPN nutflntmgnlkctk quncjf vfgá jkr n lnrgdn rí. ^uncjf n lnrgdn rí efr gfcghuìjn, n efctk jk rkprfjuéçf nhtkrn pnrn n nctkrmfr.
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
Erkmf jk Lçf > Wk f gn`f "_NPBMCI WY" kstmvkr gfckgtnjf n ul erkmf jk lçf, f jmsphny jf vìjkf cf lfcmtfr ZEZ skrî gfctrfhnjf pfr kssn eucéçf. N eucéçf jf gn`f jf erkmf jk lçf skrî tkrlmcnjn quncjf n efctk jk rkprfjuéçf efr n GÀLKPN. 0 F lfcmtfr kxm`k n pnrn tkhn kvmtnr prktn quk gflf mcefrlnéûks jk nvmsf lftfrmstn nssmstn gfctkñjfs jk vìjkf kcqunctf jmrmik, lns fs pnssnikmrfs cf `ncgf trnskmrf pfjkl nssmstmr gfctkñjfs jk vìjkf cfrlnhlkctk.
; gl
Mcstnhnéçf jn invktn jk lfctnikl ; gl
;gl
0 Pklfvn fs pnrneusfs pnrneusfs jk trncspfrtk. Mlpfrtnctk Pklfvn kssks jfms pnrneusfs jk trncspfrtk nctks jn mcstnhnéçf. Jf gfctrîrmf, f JUJ phnykr cçf eucgmfcnrî. 7 Pklfvn n ucmjnjk jn invktn. invktn. Krin ns trnvns kl nl`ns ns hntkrnms jn invktn pnrn rklfvkr n lktnjk jn invktn jn ucmjnjk.
Gn`fs jk Gfctrfhk Gfctrfhk jk @rmhdf Nutflîtmgf _nrn kvmtnr quk f jmsphny emquk gfl lumtf `rmhdf î cfmtk, sk f gn`f jf enrfh kstmvkr gfckgtnjf nf MHH[LM, hminr f enrfh jmlmcumrî n huz jk eucjf jf HGJ ZEZ k vmgk-vkrsn. Klujkgmlkctf jf Zkhkefck Wk f gn`f L[ZK kstmvkr gfckgtnjf n ul
> Jkshmzk n invktn jk lfctnikl pnrn pnrn efrn jf gdnssm. Wk kstmvkr trnvnjn cn pfsméçf, utmhmzk ns ekrrnlkctns jk rklféçf (efrckgmjns) pnrn jkskcintî-hn. 0 Ukrmemquk f tnlncdf jk n`krturn jf pnmckh, jkshmzncjf n invktn jk lfctnikl jkctrf jkhk.
Wk n n`krturn efr lumtf pkqukcn, gumjnjfsnlkctk gfrtk fu hmlk gfcefrlk ckgkssîrmf ntí quk n invktn jkshmzk engmhlkctk pnrn jkctrf jn n`krturn. Cçf efrgk n invktn pnrn jkctrf jn n`krturn fu jkmxk-n jf`rnr fu gurvnr. Ukrmquk sk dî kspnéf sugmkctk ntrîs jf pnmckh jn ucmjnjk jf gdnssms. Kstn ucmjnjk pfjk skr mcstnhnjn kl qunhqukr pnmckh gfl uln n`krturn njkqunjn jk >47 ll F (H)pnmckh x ;7 jkvk ll (N), gflf lfstrnjf ngmln. tkr @r
07
Wkéçf
?:
Mcstnhnéçf :,9; ll n ;,;5 ll jk kspkssurn pnrn pfjkr supfrtnr n ucmjnjk. 7 _fsmgmfck n sírmk jk n`ns jk jf`rnjméns auctf ï pnrtk supkrmfr, mcekrmfr k hntkrnms jn invktn jk lfctnikl. Gfl n invktn gflphktnlkctk mcskrmjn cn n`krturn jf pnmckh, jf`rk qunctns n`ns pujkr pnrn efrn, gfcefrlk ckgkssîrmf, pnrn emxnr n invktn cf pnmckh (pîimcn 07). G[MJNJF _nrn ul `fl eucgmfcnlkct eucgmfcnlkctff jf JUJ phnykr, f gdnssms jkvk skr lfctnjf n 7?¿ jn dfrmzfctnh. Gkrtmemquk-sk jk quk n ucmjnjk skan lfctnjn jkctrf jkssn hmlmtnéçf. : Gfhfquk n ucmjnjk cn erkctk jn n`krturn jf pnmckh, jk efrln quk n emnéçf pfssn skr trnzmjn ntrnvís jn invktn jk lfctnikl. Wmin f jmnirnln jn emnéçf gfl gumjnjf kkstkanl gkrtmquk-sk jk kquk tfjns ns gfckxûks skiurns msfhnjns gfl pfrgns fu emtn msfhnctk. Jkpfms jk gfcghumr ns gfckxûks jn emnéçf, hmiuk n ucmjnjk pnrn gfcemrlnr n fpkrnéçf (n micméçf jkvk kstnr hminjn). Wk n ucmjnjk
cçf eucgmfcnr, vkrmquk cfvnlkctk tfjn n néçf ntí f prf`hkln skr gfrrmimjf. ; Gkrtmquk-sk jk quk f rîjmf kstkan gfl f hnjf gfrrktf vmrnjf pnrn gmln, k jkshmzk gumjnjfsnlkctk f rîjmf cn invktn jk lfctnikl ntí quk khn skan tftnhlkctk nsskctnjn k fs ghmpks jk lfhn trnvkl cf huinr. [l ÷tmlf jksklpkcdf í f`tmjf quncjf n ucmjnjk í mcstnhnjn n ul àciuhf mcekrmfr n 0?¿. 5 Emxk n pnrtk trnskmrn jn ucmjnjk nf gfrpf jf gnrrf usncjf f pnrneusf jk lfctnikl k n nhlfenjn jk `frrngdn. 9 Zkstk n ucmjnjk usncjf usncjf ns mcstruéûks jk ‘Fpkrnéçf“ n skiumr.
Mcstnhnéçf jf bmt
Wk f sku vkìguhf rkqukrkr n utmhmznéçf jk ul bmt jk mcstnhnéçf pnrn lfctnr kstn ucmjnjk, smin nspnrn mcstruéûks bmt jk mcstnhnéçf prkcjkrmcghuìjns n ucmjnjkcfï phngn jk lfctnikl efrckgmjn gfl f bmt. > Enén n gfckxçf jn emnéçf k tkstk n ucmjnjk gfcefrlk jksgrmtf cns mcstruéûks jk mcstnhnéçf jn invktn jk Lfctnikl.
Gdnvk jk ekcjn
_nrneusf jk lfctnikl Nhlfenjn jk `frrngdn
Zrncspfrtk pnrneusfs ^uncjf cçf rklfvkr fs pnrneusfs jk trncspfrtk, f jmsb phnykr cçf eucgmfcn njkqunjnlkctk. Mcstnhk jkpfms jk rklfvkr fs pnrneusfs jk trncspfrtk.
Invktn jk lfctnikl _nrtk trnskmrn jn ucmjnjk _hngn jk ngn`nlkctf
Cftn Emxk n phngn jk ngn`nlkctf cn jmrkéçf gfrrktn2 n pnrtk supkrmfr í lnms irfssn jf quk n pnrtk mcekrmfr.
0:
@r
Wkéçf
?:
Mcstnhnéçf 0 Mcstnhk f gfcauctf jf rîjmf/phngn jk lfctnikl nf su`pnmckh jk ngfrjf gfl ns mcstruéûks cf bmt jk mcstnhnéçf. 7 Wu`stmtun f pnmckh pnmckh jk mcstrulkctfs.
Pklféçf jn ucmjnjk > Pklfvn f pnmckh pnmckh (pîimcn (pîimcn =). 0 Pktmrk f nckh jk ngn`nlkctf rlklkctk rlklkctk skiurncjf ul hnjf k puxncjf.
Mcstnhnéçf Kstn ucmjnjk MWF tkl frmeìgmfs rfsquknjfs cfs pnmcíms hntkrnms jf gdnssms quk pfjkl skr utmhmznjfs gfl fs supfrtks jk lfctnikl frmimcnms jk eî`rmgn jk nhiucs vkìguhfs pnrn n mcstnhnéçf jf rîjmf cf pnmckh. Gfcsuhtk n hfan jf sku smstkln kstírkf nutflftmvf hfgnh pnrn nssmstácgmn ckstk tmpf jk mcstnhnéçf. > Pklfvn f rîjmf jk eî`rmgn kxmstkctk jf pnmckh fu lfctnikl jk gfcsfhk gkctrnh. Iunrjk tfjns ns pkéns k supfrtks gflf skrçf usnjfs pnrn mcstnhnr f cfvf rîjmf. 0 Jkskcgnmxk gumjnjfsnlkctk n kstruturn phîstmgn jn pnrtk erfctnh jf gdnssms jn cfvn ucmjnjk. Pklfvn k jksgnrtk n
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
7 Mcsmrn fs `ftûks jk rklféçf jmrktnlkctk jmrktnlkctk cn pnrtk jk trîs ntí sk prkcjkrkl. Kl skiumjn, puxk f rîjmf pnrn efrn. Wk fs `ftûks jk rklféçf kstmvkrkl mcskrmjfs kl ul àciuhf, cçf trnvnrçf gfrrktnlkctk k cçf hm`krnrçf n ucmjnjk.
7 kstruturn. Pklfvn fs supfrtks jk lfctnikl jk eî`rmgn k ns pkéns jn ucmjnjk kxmstkctk k emxk-fs cn ucmjnjk cfvn. Cçf kxgkjn f tnlncdf lîxmlf jf pnrneusf L; x 5 ll. _nrneusfs lnmfrks pfjkrçf jncmgnr fs gflpfckctks cf mctkrmfr jf gdnssms. : Enén n gfckxçf jn emnéçf jn cfvn ucmjnjk gfcefrlk jksgrmtf cns mcstruéûks jk mcstnhnéçf jn Lncin jk Lfctnikl. ; Lfctk f gfcauctf gfcauctf jn cfvn ucmjnjk ucmjnjk cf pnmckh fu gfcsfhk gkctrnh utmhmzncjf f prfgkjmlkctf mcvkrsf jf pnssf >.
Eusìvkh
Nf su`stmtumr ul eusìvkh, gkrtmemquk-sk jk quk f eusìvkh cfvf í jf tmpf k nlpkrnikl gfrrktfs. [tmhmznr ul eusìvkh mcgfrrktf pfjk jncmgnr f rîjmf.
Pkgfckxçf jn `ntkrmn
^uncjf n emnéçf kstmvkr gfcghuìjn, rkgfckgtk f tkrlmcnh ckintmvf jn `ntkrmn.
@r
0;
Npácjmgk
?;
Mcefrlnéûks njmgmfcnms
Wfhuéçf jk prf`hklns Gflul Wmctfln
Cçf dnvkrî nhmlkctnéçf. N ucmjnjk cçf eucgmfcnrî.
N fpkrnéçf gfl f gfctrfhk pfssìvkh.rklftf cçf í N ucmjnjk cçf eucgmfcn gfrrktnlkctk lkslf quncjf fs `ftûks jf gfctrfhk rklftf njkqunjfs sçf prkssmfcnjfs. Cçf dî sfl. F cìvkh jf vfhulk cçf nulkctnrî. Cçf dî sfl.
05
Gnusn
Néçf
Fs fs k gfckgtfrks kstçf gfckgtnjfs jk efrln mcgfrrktn.
Gfcrlk lnms uln vkz sk tfjns ns gfckxûks kstçf gfrrktns.
F eusìvkh kstî qukmlnjf.
Ukrmquk f lftmvf quk ekz gfl quk f eusìvkh qukmlnssk k su`stmtun-f. Gkrtmquk-sk jk mcstnhnr ul eusìvkh gfl n lksln ghnssmgnéçf.
Puìjf k/fu futrfs entfrks kstçf enzkcjf gfl quk f lmgrfprfgkssnjfr mcgfrpfrnjf eucgmfck mcgfrrktnlkctk. N kckrimn cçf kstî dn`mhmtnjn gfrrktnlkctk.
_rkssmfck RPKWKZ\. _rkssmfck f `ftçf RWPG\ pnrn hminr n ucmjnjk.
N `ntkrmn kstî `nmxn.
Pkgnrrkiuk uln cfvn `ntkrmn.
Fs gn`fs cçf kstçf gfckgtnjfs gfrrktnlkctk.
Gfckgtk fs gn`fs gfrrktnlkctk.
F klujkgmlkctf kstî ntmvnjf cf lflkctf jn efctk "NU/N[T".
_rkssmfck RL[ZK\.
F lfjf jk jklfcstrnéçf Ns néûks jk "NGG+" k sklprk í mcmgmnjf. kstçf mcvkrtmjns F naustk jf smstkln vfhtn "@ntkrmn" kctrk khns. nf kstnjf mcmgmnh. N rkhnéçf jk nspkgtf F naustk jn rkhnéçf jk kstî mcgfrrktn k n mlnikl nspkgtf kstî mcgfrrktf kstî nhfcinjn. pnrn f jmsphny. erkmf jk lçf cçf kstî Cçf dî mlnikl kxm`mjn. F gfckgtnjf. N mlnikl vmsunhmznjn Fs jnjfs cçf pfjkl pnrn (pnusn) k n ucmjnjk lnms skr hmjfs jurnctk n cçf pfjk skr fpkrnjn. rkprfjuéçf. Cçf dî sfl. F cìvkh jf vfhulk kstî F cìvkh jf vfhulk kstî `nmxf. `nmxf.
Envfr gfcrlnr n néçf jk "@ntkrmn" k "NGG+". Gfcsuhtk f "Jmnirnln jk Emnéçf"
F sfl k f vìjkf kstçf puhncjf.
N ucmjn ucmjnjk jk cçf kstî rlk.
Ngfphk Ngfp hk n ucmjn ucmjnjk jk gfl rlk rlkzn. zn.
Wu`pnstns cçf pfjkl skr rkprfjuzmjns.
N rkprfjuéçf gfl rkpktméçf jk pnstn efm skhkgmfcnjn.
Wkhkgmfck cfvnlkctk n sírmk jk rkpktméçf.
@r
(pîimcn 00). Wkhkgmfck f naustk nprfprmnjf pnrn f sku jmsphny. Gfckgtk ul gn`f jf erkmf jk lçf k puxk-f. _nrk n rkprfjuéçf uln vkz k mcmgmk-n cfvnlkctk. Naustk f cìvkh jf vfhulk.
Npácjmgk
?;
Mcefrlnéûks njmgmfcnms Wmctfln
N sírmk jk rkpktméçf lujn nutflntmgnlkctk.
Gnusn
Néçf
Futrn pnstn efm skhkgmfcnjn jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf gfl
Wkhkgmfck cfvnlkctk n sírmk jk rkpktméçf.
_ f r t u i u á s ( @
rkpktméçf. N `usgn pfr enmxn fu nvncéf/rktrfgkssff rîpmjf Wkhkgmfck cfvnlkctk n sírmk jk nvncéf/rktrfgkss efm rknhmznjn jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf gfl rkpktméçf rkpktméçf. jk nrqumvf.
)
Lkcsnikcs jk krrf Nf kctrnr kl gfctntf gfl f rkvkcjkjfr fu n Gkctrnh jk Wkrvméfs jn _mfckkr lnms pr÷xmln, ncftk n lkcsnikl jk krrf.
Lkcsnikl
Gnusn
Hfnjmci
F jmsgf kstî skcjf hmjf.
Cf Jmsg
@nj Jmsg
Néçf
F jmsgf kstî suaf.
Niunrjk, pfjk jklfrnr nhiucs lmcutfs pnrn nhiucs jmsgfs fu jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf. Hmlpk f jmsgf gfl ul tkgmjf lngmf.
F jmsgf kstî jk gn`kén pnrn `nmxf.
Mcsmrn f jmsgf gfl f r÷tuhf pnrn gmln.
Jmsgf cçf prkskctk cf gflpnrtmlkctf jk gnrrkinlkctf
Mcsmrn f jmsgf.
F jmsgf kstî suaf.
Hmlpk f jmsgf gfl ul tkgmjf lngmf.
F jmsgf kstî jk gn`kén pnrn `nmxf.
Mcsmrn f jmsgf gfl f r÷tuhf pnrn gmln.
efrlntf jf jmsgf cçf í [cbcfwc jmsg F gflpntìvkh gfl kstn ucmjnjk.
Zrfquk pfr futrf jmsgf.
Yrfci hk gfctkct Umjkf rksfhutmfc cft suppfrtkj
Lujk pnrn ul nrqumvf supfrtnjf.
F nrqumvf cçf í supfrtnjf.
N rksfhuéçf jk vìjkf supkrmfr Lujk pnrn ul nrqumvf supfrtnjf. n 90? Ù ;95.
Pkimfc Krrfr
F JUJ cçf í gflpntìvkh gfl f g÷jmif jk rkimçf jn ucmjnjk.
[sk jmsgfs gfl g÷jmif rkimfcnh gfrrkspfcjkctk.
Krrfr
Fpkrnéçf mhkinh jf lkgncmslf.
NL_ KPPFP
N ucmjnjk cçf kstî eucgmfcncjf gfrrktnlkctk fu n gfckxçf jf nhtf-enhnctk kstî mcgfrrktn2 f gmrgumtf jk
_rkssmfck f `ftçf KAKGZ pfr ; skiucjfs pnrn rkjkcmr f lkgncmslf jk gnrrkinlkctf. Ukrmquk n gfckxçf jf nhtf-enhnctk. Wk n lkcsnikl cçf jksnpnrkgkr lkslf jkpfms jk f lftfr skr jkshminjf k hminjf cfvnlkctk, kctrk kl gfctntf gfl sku rkvkcjkjfr fu gfl uln Gkctrnh
prftkéçf kstî ntmvnjf.
jk Wkrvméfs jn _mfckkr pnrn f`tkr nssmstácgmn. @r
09
Npácjmgk
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Mcefrlnéûks njmgmfcnms
Frmkctnéûks jk lncuskmf Jmsgf ‚ Cfvfs jmsgfs pfjkl tkr nhiulns ruifsmjnjks cns `frjns. Wk tnms jmsgfs efrkl utmhmznjfs, f phnykr pfjkrî cçf eucgmfcnr fu pfjkl fgfrrkr snhtfs cf sfl. [tmhmzk uln ksekrfirîgn fu smlmhnr pnrn rklfvkr ns ruifsmjnjks jn `frjn jf jmsgf. ‚ Cucgn gfhk ktmquktns cn supkreìgmk jf jmsgf fu lnrquk n supkreìgmk gfl ul hîpms fu gncktn. ‚ Cucgn rkprfjuzn ul jmsgf gfl tn gkhfenck fu gfhn sf`rk khk, ckl gfl lnrgns jksgnsgnjns. Wk vfgá tkctn rkprfjuzmr ul jmsgf, pfjk cçf skr gnpnz jk rkgupkrî-hf efrn jf phnykr fu khk pfjkrî jncmgnr f phnykr. ‚ Cucgn usk jmsgfs gfl rmsgfs irncjks, fu quk kstkanl jkefrlnjfs, rngdnjfs, ktg. F usf jk tnms jmsgfs pfjk gnusnr fpkrnéçf mcgfrrktn fu jncfs. ‚ _nrn rklfvkr ul jmsgf jf sku kstfaf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf, prkssmfck n pnrtk gkctrnh jn gnmxn k hkvnctk f jmsgf pnrn efrn, skiurncjf-f gumjnjfsnlkctk pkhns `frjns. ‚ Cçf utmhmzk efhdns jk prftkéçf jk jmsgfs jmspfcìvkms cf lkrgnjf fu jmsgfs kqumpnjfs gfl kstn`mhmznctks, ktg. Khks pfjkl jncmgnr f jmsgf fu prfvfgnr n quk`rn jf lkgncmslf mctkrcf. ‚ Kstn ucmjnjk cçf í gflpntìvkh gfl jmsgfs irnvnjfs kl efrlntf NUGDJ (Gfjkg vìjkf jk nhtn jkcméçf).jkCçf mcsmrnnvncénjf jmsgfs NUGDJ. Wk mcskrmjf, f jmsgf pfjk cçf skr kaktnjf. ‚ Nf usnr jmsgfs quk pfjkl skr mlprkssfs cns supkreìgmks jn ktmquktn, vkrmquk ns mcstruéûks k ns njvkrtácgmns jfs jmsgfs. Jkpkcjkcjf jfs jmsgfs, tnhvkz cçf skan pfssìvkh mcskrmr ckl kaktnr. F usf jkssks jmsgfs pfjk rksuhtnr kl jncfs nf kqumpnlkctf. Cçf nxk ktmquktns jmspfcìvkms gflkrgmnhlkctk ckl futrfs lntkrmnms cfs jmsgfs. Fs jmsgfs pfjkl skr jncmgnjfs, pkrjkcjf n gnpngmjnjk jk skrkl rkprfjuzmjfs. Ns ktmquktns pfjkl jksprkcjkr-sk jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf k mlpkjmr n kakéçf jfs jmsgfs, f quk pfjk rksuhtnr kl jncfs nf
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kqumpnlkctf. ‚ Cçf nxk ktmquktns jmspfcìvkms gflkrgmnhlkctk ckl futrfs lntkrmnms cfs jmsgfs. - Fs jmsgfs pfjkl skr jncmgnjfs, pkrjkcjf n gnpngmjnjk jk skrkl rkprfjuzmjfs. - Ns ktmquktns pfjkl jksprkcjkr-sk jurnctk n rkprfjuéçf k mlpkjmr n kakéçf jfs jmsgfs, f quk pfjk rksuhtnr kl jncfs nf kqumpnlkctf.
Jmsgfs junms Jmsgfs junms sçf jmsgfs gfl jfms hnjfs quk pfssukl, jk ul hnjf, ul GJ jk îujmf irnvîvkh k, jf futrf, ul JUJ jk vìjkf irnvîvkh. N rkprfjuéçf jf hnjf jf JUJ í pfssìvkh gfl kstn ucmjnjk. Cf kctnctf, gflf f hnjf jf GJ jfs jmsgfs junms cçf í gflpntìvkh gflskan f pnjrçf jfs GJs gflucs, tnhvkz cçf pfssìvkh rkprfjuzmr f hnjf jf GJ ckstn ucmjnjk. Gnrrkinlkctfs erkqukctks k kakéçf jk ul jmsgf junh pfjk rksuhtnr kl nrrncdûks cf jmsgf. Nrrncdûks prfeucjfs pfjkl gnusnr prf`hklns cn rkprfjuéçf gfl kstn ucmjnjk. Kl nhiucs gnsfs, f jmsgf junh pfjk gnr prksf cf shft jk gnrrkinlkctf k cçf skr kaktnjf. _nrn kvmtnr mssf, rkgflkcjnlfs quk vfgá cçf usk Jmsgfs junms ckstn ucmjnjk. Gfcsuhtk ns mcefrlnéûks efrckgmjns pkhf en`rmgnctk jf jmsgf pnrn sn`kr lnms n rkspkmtf jfs jmsgfs junms.
Jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ ‚ Wfhugmfck qunmsqukr jñvmjns quk vfgá pfssn tkr sf`rk f sku jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf ([W@) gfl f en`rmgnctk. ‚Cçf jkmxk f jmspf smtmv f jk nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf ([W@) kl hfgnms gfl nhtn tklpkrnturn. ‚ Jkpkc jkcjf jf jmspf smtmv f j k nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf ([W@), pfjkl fgfrrkr fs prf`hklns n skiumr. - Ns fpkrnéûks pfjkl vnrmnr. - _fjk skr quk f jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf cçf skan rkgfcdkgmjf.
Npácjmgk
Mcefrlnéûks njmgmfcnms
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- _fjk skr quk fs nrqumvfs cçf skanl rkprfjuzmjfs gfrrktnlkctk. ‚ Gf c k x û k s v m n d u ` [W @ c ç f s ç f supfrtnjns. ‚ Cçf gfckgtk cnjn n cçf skr u l jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@. ‚ Emxk jk efrln skiurn f jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ kcqunctf vfgá kstmvkr jmrmimcjf. Cçf jkmxk f jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ gnmr cf gdçf, fcjk pfssn gnr prksf kl`nmxf jf pkjnh jf erkmf fu ngkhkrnjfr. ‚ Emxk jk efrln skiurn f jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ kcqunctf vfgá kstmvkr jmrmimcjf. Cçf jkmxk f jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ gnmr cf gdçf, fcjk pfssn gnr prksf kl`nmxf jf pkjnh jf erkmf fu ngkhkrnjfr. ‚ Jkpkc jkcjf jf jmspf smtmv f j k nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@, tnhvkz khk pfssn
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ruìjf cfpfjk rîjmf.ikrnr ruìjf cf rîjmf. -gnusnr F jmspfsmtmvf ‚ Kstn ucmjnjk pfjk rkprfjuzmr nrqumvfs cf îujmf phnykr pfrtîtmh/lkl÷rmn [W@ quk í gflpntìvkh gfl [W@ Lnss Wtfrnik Ghnss. Cf kctnctf, nrqumvfs prftkimjfs pfr jmrkmtfs nutfrnms nrlnzkcnjfs cfs jmspfsmtmvfs [W@ cçf pfjkl skr rkprfjuzmjfs. ‚ Ufgá cçf pfjk gfckgtnr ul îujmf phnykr pfrtîtmh [W@/lkl÷rmn [W@ n kstn ucmjnjk vmn du` [W@. ‚ [ln lkl÷rmn [W@ pnrtmgmfcnjn cçf í gflpntìvkh gfl kstn ucmjnjk. ‚ Jkpkcjkcjf jf tmpf jk îujmf phnykr pfrtîtmh [W@/lkl÷rmn [W@ utmhmznjf, f jmspfsmtmvf pfjk cçf skr rkgfcdkgmjf fu fs nrqumvfs jk îujmf pfjkl cçf skr rkprfjuzmjfs gfrrktnlkctk. ‚ Cçf jkmxk f îujmf phnykr pfrtîtmh [W@/ lkl÷rmn [W@ kxpfstf ï huz jmrktn jf sfh pfr ul hfcif pkrìfjf jk tklpf. Wk zkr mssf, f jmspfsmtmvf pfjkrî nprkskctnr prf`hklns jk eucgmfcnlkctf kl jkgfrrácgmn jf nulkctf jn tklpkrnturn. ‚ Ntí >??? pnstns k >;?? nrqumvfs pfjkl skr rkgfcdkgmjfs. ‚ _fjk fgfrrkr ul pkqukcf ntrnsf nf mcmgmnr n rkprfjuéçf jk nrqumvfs jk îujmf mcgfrpfrnjfs gfl nrqumvfs jk îujmf fu jnjfs jk mlnikl nrlnzkcnjfs kl ul
Nrqumvfs jk mlnikcs A_KI ‚ _KI í n efrln n`rkvmnjn jk Afmct _dftfirnpdmg Kxpkrts Irfup k rkekrksk n ul pnjrçf jk tkgcfhfimn jk gflprkssçf jk mlnikl. ‚ Fs nrq umvfs s çf gfl pntìvkm s gfl mlnikcs kstîtmgns @nskhmck A_KI k KTME 0.> ntí n rksfhuéçf jk 4 >=0 Ù 9 54?. (F efrlntf KTME í f lnms usnjf kl gàlkrns eftfirîgns jmimtnms.) ‚ Znhvkz cçf skan pfssìvkh n rkprfjuéçf jk nrqumvfs cf efrlntf KTME quk tkcdnl smjf prfgkssnjfs pfr ul gflputnjfr. ‚ Cçf dî gflpntm`mh mjnjk gfl A_K I prfirkssmvf.
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Mlpfrtnctk ‚ Nf cflknr ul nr qumvf jk mlnikl A_KI, njmgmfck n kxtkcsçf jk cflk jk nrqumvf gfrrkspfcjkctk (.api, .apki, .apk fu .ae). ‚ Kstn ucmjnjk rkprfjuz nrqumvfs gfl kssns kxtkcsûks jk cflk jk nrqumvf (.api, .apki, .apk fu .ae) gflf ul nrqumvf jk mlnikl A_KI. _nrn kvmtnr prf`hklns jk eucgmfcnlkctf, cçf utmhmzk kssns kxtkcsûks pnrn nrqumvfs quk cçf skanl nrqumvfs jk mlnikl A_KI. G[MJNJF N _mfckkr cçf sk rkspfcsn`mhmznrî pkhn pkrjn jfs jnjfs cf îujmf phnykr pfrtîtmh [W@/lkl÷rmn [W@, lkslf sk kssks jnjfs tmvkrkl smjf pkrjmjfs jurnctk n utmhmznéçf jkstn ucmjnjk.
jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf [W@ gfl vîrmns dmkrnrqumns jk pnstns. @r
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Mcefrlnéûks njmgmfcnms
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Jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf ([W@) N skquácgmn jk rkprfjuéçf í n lksln quk n skquácgmn irnvnjn cf jmspfsmtmvf jk nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf ([W@). _nrn kspkgmemgnr n skquácgmn jk rkprfjuéçf, f lítfjf n skiumr í rkgflkcjnjf. Grmk ul cflk jk nrqumvf mcghumcjf cñlkrfs quk kspkgmqukl n skquácgmn jk rkprfjuéçf (pfr kxklphf, ?>xxx.lp7 k ?==yyy.lp7). Gfhfquk kssks nrqumvfs kl uln uln pnstn. Wnhvk n pnstn fs nrqumvfs cf jmspfsmtmvf jk gfctkcjf nrlnzkcnlkctf kxtkrcf ([W@). Cf kctnctf, jkpkcjkcjf jf nl`mkctk jk smstkln, tnhvkz vfgá cçf gfcsmin kspkgmgnr n skquácgmn jk rkprfjuéçf. _nrn îujmf phnykrs pfrtîtkms [W@, n skquácgmn í jmekrkctk k jkpkcjk jf phnykr.
[tmhmznéçf gfrrktn jf jmsphny G[MJNJF • Wk hìqumjf fu nhif kstrncdf kstmvkr
cf mctkrmfr jn ucmjnjk, jkshmiuk-n mlkjmntnlkctk k kctrk kl gfctntf gfl f rkvkcjkjfr fu n Gkctrnh jk Wkrvméfs
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jn _MFCKKP lnms pr÷xmln. Cçf utmhmzk n ucmjnjk ckssns gfcjméûks, pfms mssf pfjk gnusnr mcgácjmf, gdfquk khítrmgf fu futrn enhdn. • Wk eulnén efr pkrgk`mjn, `kl gflf ul ruìjf fu gdkmrf kstrncdf, fu futrfs smcnms ncfrlnms cf jmsphny, jkshmiuk mlkjmntnlkctk n ucmjnjk k kctrk kl gfctntf gfl f rkvkcjkjfr fu n Gkctrnh jk Wkrvméfs jn _MFCKKP lnms pr÷xmln. N utmhmznéçf jkstn ucmjnjk ckssns gfcjméûks pfjk rksuhtnr kl jncfs pkrlnckctks cf smstkln. • Cçf jkslfctk fu lfjmemquk kstn ucmjnjk, aî quk ckhn kxmstkl gflpfckctks jk nhtn tkcsçf quk pfjkl gnusnr gdfquk khítrmgf. Gkrtmquk-sk jk kctrnr kl gfctntf gfl f rkvkcjkjfr fu gfl n Gkctrnh jk Wkrvméfs jn _MFCKKP lnms pr÷xmln pnrn mcspkéçf mctkrcn, naustks fu rkpnrfs. Lncuskmf jf jmsphny • ^uncjf f jmsphny emgnr kxpfstf ï huz huz jmrktn jf sfh pfr ul hfcif pkrìfjf jk tklpf, khk emgnrî lumtf qukctk f quk rksuhtnrî kl pfssìvkms jncfs ï tkhn jk HGJ. Ufgá jkvk kvmtnr n kxpfsméçf jn ucmjnjk jf jmsphny ï huz jmrktn jf sfh f tnctf qunctf pfssìvkh. • F jmsphny jkvk skr utmhmznj f jkctrf jns enmxns jk tklpkrnturn jk ‗>?¿G n +5?¿G. Kl tklpkrnturns lnms nhtns fu lnms `nmxns quk kstn enmxn jk tklpkrnturn pnrn fpkrnéçf, f jmsphny pfjk cçf eucgmfcnr cfrlnhlkctk.
Zkhn jk grmstnh hìqumjf (HGJ) • F gnhfr jf nqukgkjfr pfjk jncmemgnr n tkhn jk HGJ k f nr ermf jf smstkln jk rkermikrnéçf pfjk gnusnr ulmjnjk jkctrf jf jmsphny rksuhtncjf kl pfssìvkms jncfs. Nhíl jmssf, sk f jmsphny efr rksermnjf pkhf smstkln jk rkermikrnéçf, n tkhn pfjkrî tfrcnr-sk ksgurn fu n jurnéçf jf pkqukcf tu`f ufrksgkctk utmhmznjf cf jmsphny pfjkrî skr rkjuzmjn. • _kqukcfs pfctfs prktfs fu `rncgfs (pfctfs ghnrfs) pfjkl skr vmsunhmznjfs cn tkhn jk HGJ. Mssf fgfrrk jkvmjf ïs gnrngtkrìstmgns jn tkhn jk HGJ k cçf
Npácjmgk
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Mcefrlnéûks njmgmfcnms mcjmgnl ul prf`hkln jk eucgmfcnlkctf. • Nf utmhmznr ul tkhkefck gkhuhnr, lnctkcdn n nctkcn jmstnctk jf jmsphny pnrn kvmtnr n jmstfréçf jf vìjkf pkhn nprkskctnéçf jk pfctfs, enmxns gfhfrmjns, ktg.
HKJ (jmfjf klmssfr jk huz) jk huz jk eucjf • Kl tklpkrnturns `nmxns, n utmhmznéçf jf HKJ jk huz jk eucjf pfjk nulkctnr f ntrnsf jn mlnikl, `kl gflf jkirnjnr sun qunhmjnjk, jkvmjf ïs gnrngtkrìstmgns j n t k h n j k H GJ. N q u n h m j n j k j n mlnikl lkhdfrn gfl ul nulkctf cn tklpkrnturn. • _nrn prftkikr f HKJ jk huz jk eucjf, f jmsphny emgnrî ksgurf cfs nl`mkctks n skiumr1 ‚ ^uncjf dî mcgmjácgmn jmrktn jn huz sfhnr ‚ vmjn _r÷xmlf qukctk • N ñtmh jn jf n`krturn HKJ jkjk huznrjk eucjf í jk lnms jk >? ??? dfrns. Cf kctnctf, pfjk jmlmcumr sk khk efr utmhmznjf kl tklpkrnturns nhtns. • ^uncjf f HKJ jk huz jk eucjf eucjf nhgncénr f emcnh jn vmjn ñtmh, n tkhn emgnrî ksgurn k n mlnikl cçf skrî lnms prfaktnjn. Wk mssf ngfctkgkr, kctrk kl gfctntf gfl f rkvkcjkjfr fu gfl n Gkctrnh jk Wkrvméfs nutfrmznjn jn _MFCKKP lnms pr÷xmln.
Jmrkmtfs nutfrnms k lnrgns gflkrgmnms Kstk mtklgfctrn mcgfrpfrn tkgcfhfimn jk prftkéçf g÷pmn nquk í jkekcjmjn pkhns pntkctks nlkrmgncns k futrfs jmrkmtfs jk prfprmkjnjk mctkhkgtunh jn Pfvm Gfrpfrntmfc. N kcikcdnrmn rkvkrsn fu jkslfctnikl í prfm`mjn.
L_7 F efrckgmlkctf jkstk prfjutf jî f jmrkmtf n npkcns uln hmgkcén pnrn usf pnrtmguhnr k cçf gflkrgmnh, k cçf jî f jmrkmtf n uln hmgkcén ckl mlphmgn qunhqukr jmrkmtf jk usf jkstk prfjutf kl qunhqukr trncslmssçf kl tklpf rknh (tkrrkstrk, vmn sntíhmtk, gn`f k/fu qunhqukr futrf lkmf) gflkrgmnh, trncslmssçf/rkprfjuéçf vmn Mctkrckt, mctrnckts k/fu futrns rkjks fu kl futrfs
smstklns jk jmstrm`uméçf jk gfctkñjf khktrúcmgf, gflf nphmgntmvfs jk îujmf pnif fu îujmf pfr jklncjn. Í ckgkssîrmn uln hmgkcén mcjkpkcjkctk pnrn tnh usf. _nrn f`tkr jktnhdks, vmsmtk dttp1//www.lp7hmgkcsmci.gfl.
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Ymcjfws Lkjmn í uln lnrgn gflkrgmnh fu rkimstrnjn jn Lmgrfsfet Gfrpfrntmfc cfs Kstnjfs [cmjfs k/fu kl futrfs pnìsks. Kstk prfjutf mcghum n tkgcfhfimn prfprmktîrmn jn Lmgrfsfet Gfrpfrntmfc k cçf pfjk skr utmhmznjf ckl jmstrm`uìjf skl uln hmgkcén jn Lmgrfsfet Hmgkcsmci, Mcg.
JmvT ® ‘JmvT ® , Gkrtmemgnjf JmvT ® k hfiftmpfs nssfgmnjfs sçf lnrgns rkimstrnjns jn Pfvm Gfrpfrntmfc fu suns su`smjmîrmns k sçf usnjfs sf` hmgkcén. WF@PK JMUT UÌJKF1 JmvT ® í í ul efrlntf jk vìjkf jmimtnh grmnjf pkhn JmvT, HHG, uln su`smjmîrmn jn Pfvm Gfrpfrntmfc. Kstk í ul jmspfsmtmvf fgmnh gkrtmgnjf pkhn JmvT ® quk quk rkprfjuz vìjkf JmvT. Umsmtk jmvx.gfl pnrn f`tkr lnms mcefrlnéûks k ekrrnlkctns jk sfetwnrk pnrn gfcvkrtkr skus nrqumvfs kl vìjkfs JmvT. WF@PK UÌJKF WF@ JKLNCJN JMUT1 kstk jmspfsmtmvf gkrtmgnjf pkhn JmvT ® jkvk jkvk skr rkimstrnjf pnrn rkprfjuzmr gfctkñjf jk Uìjkf sf` jklncjn JmvT (UFJ) njqumrmjf. _nrn g÷jmif jk rkimstrf, hfgnhmzk n skéçfikrnr JmvT fUFJ cf lkcu jk naustk (pîimcn >7). Uî pnrn vfj.jmvx.gfl pnrn f`tkr lnms mcefrlnéûks sf`rk gflf gfcghumr f rkimstrf.
Jfh`y Jmimtnh En`rmgnjf sf` hmgkcén jn Jfh`y Hn`frntfrmks. ‘Jfh`y“ k f sìl`fhf jf juphf J sçf lnrgns gflkrgmnms jn Jfh`y Hn`frntfrmks.
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Npácjmgk
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Mcefrlnéûks njmgmfcnms
Kspkgmegnéûks Ikrnh Efctk jk nhmlkctnéçf cflmcnh1 ............... ............... >:,: >:,: U GG (enmxn jk tkcsçf pkrlmssìvkh1 >?,4 U n >;,> U GG) Cìvkh jk snìjn lîx. prí-snìjn1 prí-snìjn1................ ................ 0,? U Gfcsulf lîx. jk kckrimn1 ..................... ..................... >?,? N Jmlkcsûks (H Ù N Ù _)1 Gdnssms................................. ............................................ ........... >94 ll Ù ;? ll Ù >5; ll Engk ................................ ................................................ ................ >44 ll Ù ;4 ll Ù 00 ll _ksf1 ................................. ....................................................... ...................... >,7 bi
Jmsphny Znlncdf jn tkhn/rkhnéçf jf nspkgtf1 ..... 7,? pfhkinjns jk hnriurn/>51= (îrkn jk vmsunhmznéçf kektmvn1 5;,;0 ll Ù 75,4: ll) _mxkhs1 ..................................... ...................................................... ................. 70? Ù (PI@) Ù 0:? Lítfjf jk kxm`méçf1 ............................... Lntrmz ntmvn ZEZ Enmxn jk tklpkrnturn jurîvkh (jkshminjn).................................... ............................................... ........... ‗0? ¿G n + 5? ¿G
JUJ phnykr Wmstkln.................................................... JUJ Wmstkln.................................................... JUJ vmjkf, Umjkf GJ, GJ, YLN, L_7, JmvT, A_KI systkl Jmsgfs utmhmzîvkms ..................................... ..................................... JUJ JUJ Uìjkf, Uìjkf GJ, GJ, GJ-P/PY, JUJ¾P/PY/ P JH Cñlkrf jk rkimçf.................................... ....................................:: Pkspfstn jk erkquácgmn.............. erkquácgmn........................... ............. 0? 0 ? Dz n 0? bDz (gfl JUJ, erkquácgmn jk nlfstrnikl jk =5 bDz) Pkhnéçf jf smcnh nf ruìjf ........................ 9; j@ (> bDz) (rkjk MKG-N) (cìvkh jk PGN) Cìvkh jk snìjn1 Uìjkf ................................... ............................................... ............ >,? Up-p/9; έ (¾?,0 U) Cñlkrf jk gncnms ................................... ................................... 0 (kstírkf) Efrlntf jk jkgfjmgnéçf L_7 L_7 ............... ............... L_KI-> & 0 Gnlnjn jk îujmf 7 Efrlntf jk jkgfjmgnéçf YLN ............. YLN ............. Ukr. U kr. 9, _hnykr) 9.>, 4, =, >?, >> (îujmf jk 0 gncnms) (Ymcjfws Lkjmn Efrlntf jk jkgfjmgnéçf JmvT............... JmvT............... Ukr. jf Dflk Zdkntkr 7, :, ;.0, 5 (.nvm, .jmvx) Wnìjn jk vìjkf JUJ ................................ ................................CZWG CZWG
Îujmf _ftácgmn jk snìjn PLW1 ... ..................... 07 07 Y Ù : (;? n >; ??? Dz, >? % jk ZDJ, gnrin jk : έ, nl`fs fs gncnms ngmfcnjfs) Mlpkjàcgmn jk gnrin ............................... ............................... : έ R: έ n 4 έ (0 έ pnrn > gncnh) pkrlmssìvkh\ Cìvkh jk snìjn lîx. prí-snìjn................. prí-snìjn................. 0,? U Kqunhmznjfr (Kqunhmznjfr irîgf jk 7 `ncjns)1 Erkquácgmn ................................. ...................................... ..... >??Dz/>bDz/>? bDz Incdf.................................... .............................................. .......... ->: n +>: j@
70
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Mcefrlnéûks njmgmfcnms
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Wu`wffekr (lfcf)1 Erkquácgmn ................................ ...................................... ...... 4? Dz/>0? Dz/>5? Dz Incdf.................................. .............................................. ............ -9= j@ n ? j@
_ f r t u i u á s ( @ )
[W@ Kspkgmgnéçf pnjrçf [W@1 [W@1 ..................... [W@ [W@ >.>, [W@ 0.? jk vkhfgmjnjk tftnh Gfrrkctk jk kckrimn lîxmln ................... ;?? lN Wmstkln jk nrqumvfs ................................ ENZ>5, ENZ70
Wmctfcmznjfr jk EL Enmxn jk erkquácgmn ................................ .................................. 49,; LDz n >?4,? LDz Wkcsm`mhmjnjk utmhmzîvkh ............................ >? » (Wmcnh/Puìjf1 7? j@)
Wmctfcmznjfr jk NL Enmxn jk erkquácgmn ................................ .................................. ;7> bDz n > 5?0 bDz (= bDz) .................................... ;7? bDz tf > 5:? bDz (>? bDz) Wkcsm`mhmjnjk utmhmzîvkh ............................ 7? j@» (Wmcnh/Puìjf1 0? j@)
Cftn Ns kspkgmgnéûks k f jksmic kstçf suakmtfs n lfjmgnéûks skl nvmsf prívmf. Ns
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_MFCKKP JF @PNWMH HZJN. Ksgrmt÷rmf jk vkcjns1 Pun Zrkzk jk Lnmf, >577 - >?.± ncjnr, GK_ ?>709-=?;, Wçf _nuhf, W_, @rnsmh Eî`rmgn1 Nv. Zfrquntf Znpna÷s, :=0?, Gfhúcmn Wnctf Nctúcmf, GK_ 5=?=7-?>4, Lncnus, NL, @rnsmh _MFCKKP GFP_FPNZMFC >->, Wdmc-fiurn, Wnmwnm-bu, Bnwnsnbm-sdm, Bncninwn 0>0-??7>, AN_NC _MFCKKP KHKGZPFCMGW ([WN) MCG. _.F. @fx >;:?, Hfci @kngd, Gnhmefrcmn =?4?>->;:?, [.W.N. ZKH1 (4??) :0>->:?: _MFCKKP K[PF_K CU Dnvkc >?49, Bkkt`krihnnc >, @-=>0? Lkhskhk, @khimul/@khimquk ZKH1 (?) 7/;9?.?;.>> _MFCKKP KHKGZPFCMGW NWMNGKCZPK _ZK. HZJ. 0;7 Nhkxncjrn Pfnj, #?:-?>, Wmcinpfrk >;==75 ZKH1 5;-5:90-9;;; _MFCKKP KHKGZPFCMGW N[WZPNHMN _Z]. HZJ. ; Nrgf Hnck, Dkntdkrtfc, Umgtfrmn, 70?0 Nustrnhmn ZKH1 (?7) =;45-57?? _MFCKKP KHKGZPFCMGW FE GNCNJN, MCG. 7:? Ekrrmkr Wtrkkt, [cmt 0, Lnrbdnl, Fctnrmf H7P 0Q;, Gncnjn ZKH1 >-499-047-;=?> ZKH1 =?;-:9=-::>> _MFCKKP KHKGZPFCMGW JK LKTMGF, W.N. jk G.U. @hvj.Lncukh Nvmhn Gnlngdf >74 >? pmsf Gfh.Hflns jk Gdnpuhtkpkg, Lkxmgf, J.E. >>??? ZKH1 ;;-=>94-:09? 兄鋐肮仼服陟全叴 叿匙帀兩 叿匙 帀兩湕 湕协瑓 协瑓免跦 免跦 :? :?9 9虖4樗 雲詾 1 445-(?)0-05; 445-(?)0-05;9-7;44 9-7;44 兄鋐雲孟 ( 馝渦 ) 服陟全叴 馝渦乜龌 馝渦 乜龌镹 镹沝灧 沝灧遗 遗 =? =?= =虖;樗 雲詾 1 4;04;0-04:4 04:4-5:4 -5:44 4
0?>7 _MFCKKP GFP_FPNZMFC. Zfjfs fs jmrkmtfs rkskrvnjfs. Mlprkssf cf @rnsmh
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