Cardio Reviewer Questions

1. Right atrium receives poor oxygenated blood from the followine EXCEPT: a. superior vena cava b. inferior vena cava c. coronary artery d. coronary sinus

Ans: Visceral serous The load that the heart needs to produce muscle contraction Afterload 9.

The left and right pulmonary arteries are branches of a. right ventricle b. pulmonary trunk c. left ventricle d. aorta 10.

2. The left atrium recieves how many Pulmonary veins: a. 2 B.4 c.6 d.8 3.The anterior wall of the atria is made rough by the a. pectinate muscle b. trabeculaecarnae c. papillary muscles d. chordae tendinae The AV cusps are connected by the chordae tendinae to the anterior wall in the: a. papillary muscle b. pectinate muscle c. trabeculaecarnae d. moderator band 4.

which of the following valves do not have 3 cusps? ans: mitral 6. Structure found between inferior vena cava orifice and the atrioventricular orifice in the right atrium is: a.fossaovae b.cristaterminalis c.sinusvenarum d.coronary sinus 5.

7. When blood regurgitates into the left atrium the left ventricle contracts, this condition is attributed to: a. aortic valve insufficiency b. mitral valve insufficiency c. aortic valve stenosis d. mitral valve stenosis 8. The transverse pericardial sinus is an important landmark in cardiac surgery which is found posterior to a. Aorta and pulmonary trunk b. Superior vena cava c. Inferior vena cava d. Pulmonary veins 9. The epicardium is closely associated to the ___ of the heart’s external surface

11. The left ventricle does more work than the right ventricle. Which of the following statements comparing the two ventricles is INCORRECT? a. The wall of the LV is 2-3x thicker than the RV b. The trabeculaecarnae of the LV is finer and more numerous than RV c. There are 3 papillary muscles in the LV and only 2 on RV - bicuspid ang Mitral valve d. The LV cavity is longer than RV cavity 12. What structure is present in atrioventricularvalves that is not associated with semilunar valves? a. chordae tendineae b. nodule c. lunule d. aortic and pulmonary sinuses 13. moderator band transverse the right ventricular chamber from inferior part of interventricular septum to the base of the: a. anterior papillary muscle b. posterior papillary muscle c. septal papillary muscle d. trabeculaecarnae 14. The following structures are associated with semilunar valves except: a. chordae tendinae b. lunule c. nodule d. aortic and pulmonary sinuses 15. The outflow tract from the right ventricle passes through the a. sinus venarum b. c. d.

coronary sinus crista terminalis conusateriosus

16. When blood ejected from the left ventricle to the

systemic circulation passes through a narrowed valve opening, a loud systolic murmur can be hear even without a stet, caused by: a. aortic valve insufficiency b. mitral valve insufficiency c. aortic valve stenosis d. mitral valve stenosis 17. The auscultatory location for the mitral valve is a. 5thICS Leftmidclavicular line (MCL) b. 5th ICS left sterna border c. 2nd ICS right sterna border d. 2nd ICS left sterna border 18. When viewed to a topped over pyramid, the base of the heart is described by the following correct statements except: a. It is the posterior part of the heart opposite the apex b. It is formed mainly by the left atrium with part of the right atrium c. It receives mainly by the left atrium with part of the right atrium d. Is is the diaphragmatic surface of the heart 19. The inferior mediastinum is bordered anteriorly by the body of the sternum and posteriotrly by the lower eight thoracic vertebrare. Which of the following. What are the contents of the inferior mediastinum starting in the anteriormost? a. thymus, heart, descending aorta, esophagus b. heart, thoracic duct, descending aorta, sympathetic trunk [choices ‘c’ and ‘d’ do not contain heart] 20.Increase in heart rate with corresponding increase in the force of contraction best describes: a. Bainbridge reflex b. sinoatrial node reflex c. starling mechanism d. treppe or the staircase phenomenon 21.Valve of the coronary sinus a. eustachian b. thebesian c. mitral d. tricuspid 22. The anterior interventricular artery that supplies the anterior septum is a branch of the a. b. c. d.

left coronary artery right coronary anterior coronary posterior coronary

23. What is the adult equivalent of ligamentumteres a) umbilical artery b)umbilical vein c)fossa ovalis d) sinus venosus 24. FF. carries pure oxygenated blood in the fetal circulation a. aorta b. pulmonary artery c. umbilical artery d. umbilical vein 25. First heart sound is produced by the a. tricuspid valve b. atrioventricular valve c. mitral valve d. nota 26. The oval ridge found in fossa ovalis? Ans. Annulus ovalis 27.Which is correct? a. tricuspid valve-right lower portion of the sternum b. mitral valve-5th intercostal space midclavicular line c. aortic valve- medial portion of the 2nd intercostal space d. pulmonic valve-medial portion of 1st intercostal space 28. In physical examination, the apex beat of the heart was heard in the 5th ICS along the right midclavicular line. This is an indication of the following conditions EXCEPT: a. Situsinversus b. Coarctation of aortic arc c. Dextrocardia d. NOTA The inferior mediastinum is bordered anteriorly by the body of the sternum and posteriorly by the lower eight thoracic vertebrae. Which of the following shows the contents of the inferior mediastinum from the anteriormost? a. thymus, heart, descending aorta, esophagus b. heart, thoracic duct, descending aorta, sympathetic trunk c. [choices c and d do not contain the heart] d. 29.

30. Fibrous pericardium serves to limit the movement of the heart. It is:

a. Inferiorly, attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm b. superiorly, blends with outer coats of great vessels c. anteriorly, attached to the sternum by sternopericardial ligament d. all of the above 31. Characteristic of pericardium. a. Parietal percardium or epicardium line the fibrous percardium. b. Increase fluid in the pericardial sac modulates the heart sound c. distended neck vein in cardiac tamponade d. a and c 32.Arterial supply of the heart include a. right coronary artery which arises from the posterior aortic sinus b. the marginal branch which supplies the right ventricle c. left coronary artery which comes from the left posterior pulmonic sulcus d. the generous anastomoses between the terminal branches which ensures the adequacy of blood supply.

33. Which does not drain into the right atrium? a. Tricuspid valve b. Coronary sinus c. Superior vena cava d. None of the above 34. Shallow depression on the atrial septum that correspond to a fetal cardiac orifice a. Crista terminalis b. Fossa ovalis c. Musculipectinati d. Sulcus terminalis 35. During systole, which of the ff maintain the competence of the atrioventricularvalve a. Moderator band b. infundibulum c. trabeculaecarnae d. nota 36. Muscular connection between the myocardium of the atria and the myocardium of the ventricle a. b. c. d.

atrioventricular bundle papillary muscles purkinje fibers chordae tendiane

37. Myocardial ischemic pain a. b.

due to accumulation of metabolites which stimulates the sensory nerve endings in the myocardium never felt in the heart

c.

d.

may manifest in the skin supplied by the first intercostal nerve aota

38. which of the following is not a branch of the aorta? answer : right common carotid 39. Not true regarding the branches of the pulmonary trunk a.the right pulmonary artery runs to the behind the ascending aorta and superior vena cava b.the left pulmonary artery run to the left in front of the descending aorta c. ligamentumarteriosum conducts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta d.nota

40. The heart is a muscular organ composed of a. thick layer of myocardium b. cardiac skeleton which maintains its shape and form c. an internal layer of epicardium d. covered externally bu the serous endocardium

41. Normal cardiac reserve of an adult - 300-400% 42. Normal Cardiac Output of 70kg adult a. .5L/min b. 1L/min c. 3L/min d. 5L/min 43. Shortening capacity of the muscle a. afterload b. chronotropy c. inotropy d. preload 44. Which of the ff least effect on cardiac output a. b. c. d.

contractility heart rate hemoglobin preload

45.Which of the following has least effect on venous return? a. atrial pressure b. heart rate c. mean systemic filling pressure d. resistance to venous return 46. Increased frequency of contraction results in elevation in contractile force. Which law: a. Bainbridge reflex b. bowditch effect c. Frank-starling law d. sinoatrial node stretch

47. Not true of Frank-Starling a. b. c. d.

heart doesn’t allow excessive damming of blood in veins the heart has the intrinsic ability to adapt to changes in blood volume the heart has the ability to pump all blood that comes to it the shorter the muscle stretch, the greater the volume is pumped into the aorta

48. Sino-atrial node reflex a. decrease in contractitlity b. decrease in frequency of contraction c. increase in heart rate d. increase salt retention 49.What is the pressure that pushes blood on the veins from the periphery? a. resistance to venous return b. systemic filling pressure c. systemic vascular resistance d. venous capacitance 50. which of the ff is true regarding venous return a. increase in resistance results in increase venous return b. increase in systemic filling pressure results in decreased venous return c. progressive increase in right atrial pressure results in commensurate increase in venous return d. when right atrial pressure equals means systemic filling pressure, there will be zero flow which of the following decreases heart rate? a. acidosis b. hypercarbia c. hypoxia d. hypothermia 51.

52. which of the following does not cause high cardiac output heart failure? a. anemia b. beriberi c. hyperthyroidism d. myocardial anoxia 53. Does not ensue w/ right ventricular failure a. ascites b. bipedal edema c. facial edema d. pulmonary edema 54.neurotransmitter

a. acetylcholine

---> sympathetic

b. adrenaline c. d. norepinephrine 55. Reflex that has the capacity to reset the normal value of pressure in 1 to 2 days a. baroreceptor reflex b. central nervous system ischemic response c. chemoreceptor reflex d. sino-atrial node reflex 56.Oxidative phosphorylation: a. Occurs in the mitochondria (dbasa cytosol xa) b. Used by 50% of adult myocardial energy requirement c. Used by healthy, hypoxic adult hearts for energy d. Can either use carbohydrates or fatty acids as metabolic substrates 57. Oxidative phosphorylation a. can use either carbs or fatty acids b. provides 50% of adult myocardial energy c. used by healthy, hypoxic adult d. primarily in the mitochoncrial membrane 58. would cause a decrease in oxygen consumption by the heart compared with the normal resting state a. stimulation of sympha nerves b. increase in end diastolic pressure c. reduction in afterload d. electrical pacing to a rate of 200 beats/min 59. what affects coronary perfusion pressure? a. heart rate b.preload c.blood pressure d.all of the above 60. Ff can cause increase coronary blood flow a. nitric oxide b. hypoxia c. atherosclerosis d. a and b are correct 61. In the cardiac cycle: a. the mitral and aortic valve never open at the same time b. the second heart sound can be heard after the end of diastole c. the mitral valve is always open during systole d. All of the above. 62.True of the apical heart sound:

Answer: It is displaced downward during left ventricular hypertrophy 63. first heart sound: a. signifies onset of ventricular systole b. best heard on the apex and RLSB c. increases intensity on first degree AV block d. all of the above 64. Split S2 sound is: Answer: Change in pressure in pulmonary and systemic beds (amonaang theme ngsagot) :-) Suliangisana choice coz it is not appreciated during exhalation (other choice na). and letter D - as usual none of the above which is wrong japun 65. The thirdheart sound is: a. present in cardiomyopathy b. occur in late diastolic phase c. decrease by exercise d. all of the above

d. results from acute myocardial ischemia 71. lymphatic vessels converge to form lymphatic ducts a. lymphatic capillaries b. small caliber lymph vessels c. medium sized lymp vessels d. larger lymphatic vessels 72. Lymphatics are found in all EXCEPT: a. bone b. central nervous system c. placenta d. all of the above 73. Encapsulated aggregation of lymphoid tissue responsible for antibody production a. lymphatic ducts b. lymph nodes c. spleen d. thymus

66. Increase in contractility a. increase the rate of isovolumetric pressure b. shorter duration of systole c. decrease end systolic volume d. aota

74. only cellular element in lymph a. lymphocyte b. monocyte c. neutrophil d. platelet

67. Which change happens during squatting? a. increased intensity of murmur in mitral regurgitation b. increased intensity of innocent vibratory murmur c. increased intensity of murmur in aortic regurgitation d. increased intensity of pulmonic vibratory murmur

75. Which of the following are contained blood vessels a. Blood b. Lymph c. Both d. None of the above

68. Increase the oxygen to the myocardium a. sympa stimulation of alpha receptor b. sympa stimulation of beta receptor c. parasympa stimulation of alpha receptor d. parasympa stimulation of beta receptor 69.Effects of ischemia on myocardium a. Increase in myocardial complience b. Impaired relaxation c. Hypokinesia d. No exception 70. Myocardial stunning a. results in increased myocardial afterload b. result in impaired contractile function even after return circulation c. results in structural abnormality in the myocytes

76.Component not found in lymphatic vessels: -> red blood cells 77.Maintain colloid osmotic pressure of blood vascular system a. electrolytes b. lipids c. plasma proteins d. water 78. The flow of lymph will be increased by a. an increase in lymphatic pressure b. a decrease in colloid osmotic pressure by blood plasma proteins c. an increasemin blood capillary permeability d. All are correct 79. principal function of the lymphatic system

a. formation of the brain plasma barrier b. formation of von willibrand factor c. returning blood fluid and plasma protein escaping from the circulatory system d. releasing vasoconstrictor component to the endothelium 80.The difference between lymph capillaries and blood capillaries a. Thickened endoplasmic lining in the intima b. More cellular components c. Maintaining colloid pressure d. No basal lamina 81.characteristic of small and medium sized lymphatic vessels a. presence of valves b. presence of adventitia c. thick endothelium d. thick intima media 82. right lymphatic duct opens in to this structure a. right brachiocephalic vein b. right subclavian artery c. IVC d. SVC 83. Thoracic duct arises from the a. b. c. d.

abdomen left jugular vein left subclavian left brachiocephalic

84. Small blood vessels in the adventitia of the thoracic duct corresponds to this in large blood vessels a. coronary arteries b. capillaries c. venules

d.

vasa vasorum

85...all of the following refer to tunica intima except a. endothelium b. thin layers of elastic fibers c. thick smooth muscle d. thin collagen layer