A229A229M-12 Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs

Designation: A229/A229M − 12

Standard Specification for

Steel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation A229/A229M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Sco Scope* pe*

3. Terminology

1.1 Th 1.1 This is sp speci ecific ficati ation on co cove vers rs two cla class sses es of ro roun und d an and d shaped sha ped que quench nched ed and temp tempere ered d ste steel el spr spring ing wir wiree int intend ended ed especially especia lly for the manufacture manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms.

3.1  Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.1.1 For definition definition of terms used in this specifi specification, cation, refer refer to Terminology A941 Terminology  A941..

1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems can result in non-conformance with the standard.

4. Orde Ordering ring Informatio Information n 4.1 It shall be the responsibility responsibility of the purchaser purchaser to specify all req requir uireme ements nts tha thatt are nec necess essary ary for material material und under er this specifi spe cificati cation. on. Suc Such h req requir uireme ements nts may inc includ lude, e, but are not limited to, the following: 4.1.1 Quant Quantity ity (mass or weight), 4.1.2 Name of material (quenched (quenched and tempered steel mechanical spring wire) and class (Table (Table 1 or 1  or  Table 2), 2), 4.1.3 Dimens Dimensions ions (Section (Section  10  10)), 4.1.4  Chemical composition (Table (Table 3), 3), if required, 4.1.5 Packag Packaging ing (Section (Section  16  16)), 4.1.6 Cast or heat analysis report, report, if desired (see 7.2 7.2), ), 4.1.7 Certific Certification ation or test report, or both, if specified (Section 15 15)), and 4.1.8 ASTM designation designation and date of issue.

2. Referenc Referenced ed Documents Documents 2.1   ASTM Standards: 2 A370   Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing A370 of Steel Products A510 Specification A510  Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel A510M   Spec A510M Specific ificatio ation n for Gen Genera erall Req Requir uireme ements nts for Wi Wire re Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric) A700 Practices A700  Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for Shipment A751 Test A751  Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products A941 Terminology A941  Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys,, and Ferro Alloys Ferroalloys alloys E29 Pra Practic cticee for Usi Using ng Sig Signifi nifican cantt Dig Digits its in Test Dat Dataa to Determine Conformance with Specifications E1077 Test E1077  Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens

NOTE 1—A typical metric ordering description is as follows: 10 000 kg quenched and tempered steel mechanical spring wire, Class I, 8.00 mm diameter, in 250-kg coils to ASTM A229 M – xx, or for inch-pound units, 20 000 lb quenched and tempered steel mechanical Spring Wire, Class I 0.315 0.315 in. diame diameter ter,, in 500-lb coils to ASTM A 229 – xx. xx.

5. General Requirements Requirements 5.1 Materia Materiall furnished to this specification specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of either Specification  A510  A510M M or Specification A510 Specification  A510.. 6. Mate Material rialss and Manufacture Manufacture

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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee  A01  A01 on  on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03 on A01.03  on Steel Rod and Wire. Current Curre nt editio edition n approv approved ed April 15, 2012. Published Published April 2012. Origin Originally ally approv app roved ed in 193 1939. 9. Las Lastt pre previo vious us edi editio tion n app approv roved ed in 200 2005 5 A22 A229/A 9/A229 229M M – 99 (2005). DOI: 10.1520/A0229_A0229M-12. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For  Annual Book of ASTM  Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.

6.1 The steel may be made by any com commer mercial cially ly accepted accepted steel-making process. The steel shall be fully killed. 6.2 The finished wire wire shall be free of detrimental detrimental pipe and undue segregation. 6.3 The wire shall be quenched quenched and tempered tempered to produce produce the desired mechanical properties.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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A229/A229M − 12 TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI Units A Diameter, mm

0 .5 0 0 .5 5 0 .6 0 0 .6 5 0 .7 0 0 .8 0 0 .9 0 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .4 0 1 .6 0 1 .8 0 2 .0 0 2 .2 0 2 .5 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .5 0 4 .0 0 4 .5 0 5 .0 0 5 .5 0 6 .0 0 7 .0 0 8 .0 0 9 .0 0 1 0 .0 0 11.00 1 2 .0 0 1 4 .0 0 1 6 .0 0 A

TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements, Inch-Pound Units

Class I

Class II

Tens ensile ile Str Streng ength, th, MPa

Tens ensile ile Str Streng ength, th, MPa

mi n

max

mi n

max

2 05 0 2 02 0 2 00 0 1 95 0 1 95 0 1 90 0 1 85 0 1 80 0 1 78 0 1 75 0 1 70 0 1 65 0 1 62 0 1 60 0 1 58 0 1 55 0 1 52 0 1 50 0 1 45 0 1 40 0 1 38 0 1 35 0 1 32 0 1 30 0 1 28 0 1 25 0 1 22 0 1 2 00 1180 1150 1120 1120

2 2 50 2 2 20 2 2 00 2 1 50 2 1 50 2 1 00 2 0 50 2 0 00 1 9 80 1 9 50 1 9 00 1 8 50 1 8 20 1 8 00 1 7 80 1 7 50 1 7 20 1 7 00 1 6 20 1 5 80 1 5 50 1 5 20 1 5 00 1 4 80 1 4 50 1 4 30 1 4 00 1 38 0 1 35 0 1 32 0 1 30 0 1 30 0

2 23 0 2 22 0 2 21 0 2 19 0 2 17 0 2 14 0 2 10 0 2 06 0 2 03 0 2 00 0 1 95 0 1 90 0 1 86 0 1 82 0 1 79 0 1 75 0 1 71 0 1 69 0 1 64 0 1 60 0 1 56 0 1 52 0 1 50 0 1 48 0 1 45 0 1 43 0 1 41 0 1 40 0 1 38 0 1 36 0 1 34 0 1 32 0

24 50 24 40 24 30 24 10 21 90 23 60 23 20 22 80 22 40 22 10 21 50 21 00 20 60 20 20 19 90 19 50 19 00 18 80 18 30 17 80 17 40 17 00 16 80 16 60 16 30 16 10 15 90 1 5 80 1 5 60 1 5 40 1 5 20 1 5 00

A

Diameter, in.

0. 02 0 0. 02 3 0. 02 6 0. 02 9 0. 03 2 0. 03 5 0. 04 1 0. 04 8 0. 05 4 0. 06 2 0. 07 2 0. 08 0 0. 09 2 0. 10 6 0. 12 0 0. 13 5 0. 14 8 0. 16 2 0. 17 7 0. 19 2 0. 20 7 0. 22 5 0. 24 4 0. 25 0 0. 31 2 0. 37 5 0. 43 8 0. 50 0 0. 56 2 0. 62 5 A

Class I

Class II

Ten ensi sile le St Stre reng ngth th,, ks ksi† i†

Ten ensi sile le St Stre reng ngth th,, ks ksii

mi n

m ax

mi n

max

2 93 2 89 2 86 2 83 2 80 2 74 2 66 2 59 2 53 2 47 2 41 2 35 2 30 2 25 2 20 2 15 2 10 2 05 2 00 1 95 1 90 1 88 1 87 1 85 1 83 1 80 1 75 1 70 1 65 1 65

323 319 316 313 310 304 296 289 283 277 271 265 260 255 250 240 235 230 225 220 215 213 212 210 208 205 200 195 190 190

3 24 3 20 3 17 3 14 311 3 05 2 97 2 90 2 84 2 78 2 72 2 66 2 61 2 56 2 51 2 41 2 36 2 31 2 26 2 21 2 16 2 14 2 13 211 2 09 2 06 2 01 1 96 1 91 1 91

35 4 35 0 34 7 34 4 34 1 33 5 32 7 32 0 31 4 30 8 30 2 29 6 29 1 28 6 28 1 26 6 26 1 25 6 25 1 24 6 24 1 23 9 23 8 23 6 23 4 23 1 22 6 22 1 21 6 21 6

Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.

Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.

TABLE 3 Chemical Requirements E l e me n t

Composition, %

7. Chem Chemical ical Compositi Composition on Carbon M an g an es e Phosphorus, max Sulfur, max S i l i c on

7.1 The steel shall conform conform to the requirements requirements for chemical composition compo sition prescr prescribed ibed in in Table  Table 3. 3. 7.2   Cast or Heat Analysis— Each Each cast or heat of steel shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of  elementss presc element prescribed ribed in   Table 3. 3.  This analysis shall be made from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the cast or hea heat. t. Whe When n req reques uested ted,, thi thiss sha shall ll be rep report orted ed to the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of  Table of  Table 3. 3.

0 .5 5 – 0 . 8 5 0 .3 0 – 1 .2 0 0 .0 4 0 0 .0 5 0 0 .1 5 – 0 . 3 5

8.1.2  Number of Tests— One One test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested. 8.1.3  Location of Tests— Representative Representative test specimens shall be taken from either end of the coil. Test Method Method—  — The 8.1.4   Test T he te tens nsio ion n te test st sh shal alll be ma made de in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions  A370  A370..

Product Analys Analysis—  is— An 7.3   Product A n analys analysis is ma may y be ma made de by the purchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat of  steel. The chemical composition thus determined, as to elements men ts req requir uired ed or res restric tricted ted,, sha shall ll con confor form m to the pro produc ductt analys ana lysis is req requir uireme ements nts spe specifie cified d in Tabl ablee 7 of Spe Specific cificatio ation n A510 or A510  or  A510M  A510M..

8.2   Wrap Test: 8.2.1   Requirements— Wire Wire 0.157 in. [4.00 mm] and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor without breakage. Larger diameter wire, up to and including 0.315 in. [8.00 mm] shall sha ll win wind, d, with without out breakage breakage,, on a man mandre drell twi twice ce the wire diameter. Wrap test is not applicable to wires over 0.315 in. [8.00 mm] in diameter or to shaped and flat rolled wires. 8.2.2  Number of Tests— One One test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested. 8.2.3   Location of Test— Representativ Representativee test specim specimens ens shall be taken from either end of the coil.

7.4 For For ref refere ereee pur purpos poses, es, Test Met Method hods, s, Pra Practic ctices, es, and Terminology  A751  A751 shall  shall be used. 8. Mechanical Proper Properties ties 8.1   Tension Test: 8.1.1   Requirements— The The material as represented by tension test specimens shall confo conform rm to the requirements requirements prescr prescribed ibed in Table 1 or or Table  Table 2. 2.  Tensile strength of shaped and flat rolled wires shall conform to either table based on the conversion to equivalent round dimensions. 2

A229/A229M − 12 8.2.4   Test Method— The The wrap test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions  A370  A370,, Annex A4.

10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations Variations 10.1 The permissible permissible variations variations in the diamete diameterr of the wire shall be as specified in   Table 4 or or   Table 5. 5.  Any definition of  shaped tolerances shall be agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser.

9. Metallurgi Metallurgical cal Requirements Requirements 9.1   Surface Condition— The The surface of the wire as-received shall be free of rust and excessive scale. No serious die marks, pits, scratches, or other surface imperfections detrimental to the end application shall be present. The level, depth, or severity beyond beyon d which these surfa surface ce imperf imperfection ectionss are unacce unacceptable ptable may be further defined and agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser.

11. Uniformity Uniformity,, Straightness, and Continuity 11.1 The wire shall be uni 11.1 unifor form m in qua quality lity and temper and shall not be wavy or crooked. 11. 1.2 2 Ea Each ch co coil il sh shall all be one one co cont ntin inuo uous us le leng ngth th of wi wire re,, properly proper ly coi coiled led and firm firmly ly tied tied.. Welds made pri prior or to col cold d drawing are permitted.

9.1.1  Number of Tests— One One test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils or fraction thereof, in a lot.

12. Rete Retests sts

9.1.2   Location of Test— Representativ Representativee test specim specimens ens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil.

12.1 If any test specimen exhibits exhibits obvious defects defects or shows thee pr th pres esen ence ce of a we weld ld,, it ma may y be di disc scar arde ded d an and d an anot othe herr specimen substituted.

Decarburizatio rization, n, Seam Depth, and Micr Microstru ostructur cture—  e—  9.2   Decarbu The maximum depth of decarburization (free ferrite plus partial decarburization) shall not exceed 2 % of the equivalent round wire diameter or 0.006 in. [0.15 mm] whichever is less. The depth dep th of com comple plete te dec decarb arburi urizati zation on (fr (free ee fer ferrite rite)) sha shall ll not exceed 0.75 % of the wire diameter. Seams shall not exceed 3.5 % of the equivalent round wire diameter of 0.010 in. [0.25 mm], whichever is less. Except for surface locations affected by decarburization, the wire shall have a fine, homogeneous, tempered martensite microstructure.

13. Inspe Inspectio ction n 13.1 Unless otherwise otherwise specified in the contra contract ct or purch purchase ase order, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance of  all inspection and test requirements specified in this specification, excluding testing for decarb decarburizati urization, on, seam depth depth,, and microstructure. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection and test requirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the time thee or th orde derr is pl plac aced ed.. Th Thee pu purc rcha hase serr sh shall all ha have ve th thee ri righ ghtt to perf pe rfor orm m an any y of th thee in insp spec ectio tions ns an and d tes tests ts se sett fo fort rth h in th this is specifi spe cificati cation on whe when n suc such h ins inspec pection tionss and tes tests ts are dee deemed med necessary to assure that the material conforms to prescribed requirements.

9.2.1   Number of Tests— Where Where required by the purchaser, one test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot and each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested. 9.2.2   Location of Test— Representativ Representativee test specim specimens ens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil. Test Method— Decarburization 9.2.3   Test Decarburization and seam depth shall be determined by chemical etching a suitably polished transverse section of wire, though seam depth may be determined without etching. The entire periphery to be examined should be in a single plane with no edge rounding.

14. Reje Rejectio ction n and Rehe Rehearin aring g

9.2.4 Examin Examination ation shall be performed performed at a magnification magnification of  no le less ss th than an 10 100× 0× fo forr de dept pth h of fr free ee fe ferr rrite ite an and d max maximu imum m affected depth. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magnification. Measure the worst area present excluding decarburization associated with seams or other surface imperfections. Complet Com pletee dec decarb arburi urizati zation on exis exists ts whe when n onl only y fre freee fer ferrit ritee is presen pre sent. t. Par Partial tial dec decarb arburi urizati zation on exi exists sts whe when n fer ferrit ritee is fou found nd mixed mix ed wit with h pea pearli rlite te or tem temper pered ed mar martens tensite. ite. Str Struct ucture uress of  100 % martensite shall be defined as not decarburized.

14.2 14. 2 The material material sha shall ll be ade adequa quately tely protected protected and cor cor-rectly identified in order that the manufacturer may make a proper investigation.

14.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on tests made in accordance with this specification shall be reported to the manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigation may be initiated.

15. Certificatio Certification n 15.1 Whe 15.1 When n spe specifi cified ed in the purchase purchase order or con contra tract, ct, a manufacturer’s or supplier’s certification shall be furnished to the pur purcha chaser ser that the mate materia riall was man manufa ufactur ctured, ed, sam sample pled, d,

9.2.5 Examin Examination ation shall be performed performed at a magnification magnification of  no less than 100× for depth of seams. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magnification. Measure the seam having greatest depth as measured perpendicular to the wire surface.

TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter, SI UnitsA Diameter, mm

9.2.6 Examin Examination ation shall be performed performed at a magnification magnification of  no less than 100× for microstructure. Either the same suitably polish pol ished ed and che chemic mically ally etch etched ed tra transv nsvers ersee sec section tion use used d for assessm asse ssment ent of dec decarb arburi urizati zation on and sea seam m dep depth th or ano another ther suitabl sui tably y pol polish ished ed tran transve sverse rse or lon longit gitudi udinal nal sec section tion may be used.

To 0.70, incl Over 0.70 to 2.00, incl 2. 00 t o 9. 00 , i nc l Over 9.00 A

Permissible Variations, plus and minus, mm

Permissible Out-of Round, mm

0 .0 2 0 .0 3 0 .0 5 0 .0 8

0. 02 0. 03 0 .0 5 0. 08

For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specified limits are absolute as defined in Practice E29 Practice E29..

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A229/A229M − 12 TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter, Inch-Pound UnitsA Diameter, in.

Permissible Variations, plus and minus, in.

0 . 0 2 0 t o 0 .0 2 8 , i n c l Over 0.028 to 0.075, incl Over 0.075 to 0.375, incl Over 0.375

0. 00 0 8 0. 00 1 0. 00 2 0 .0 0 3

15.2 The certification certification shall includ includee the specifi specification cation number, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any.

Permissible Outof-Round, in.

16. Pack Packagin aging, g, Mar Marking, king, and Load Loading ing for Shipment 16.1 The coil mass, dimensions, dimensions, and the method of packaging in g sh shall all be ag agre reed ed up upon on be betw twee een n th thee man manuf ufact actur urer er an and d purchaser.

0 .0 0 0 8 0 .0 0 1 0 .0 0 2 0 .0 0 3

16.2 16. 2 A tag shall be sec secure urely ly attached attached to eac each h coi coill of wire with identifying information as agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer.

A

For purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specified limits are absolute as defined in Practice E29 Practice E29..

16.3 Unl 16.3 Unless ess oth otherw erwise ise spe specifi cified ed in the pur purcha chaser ser’s ’s ord order er,, packag pac kaging ing,, mar markin king, g, and loa loadin ding g for shi shipme pments nts sha shall ll be in accordance with those procedures recommended by Practices A700.. A700

tested, and inspected in accordance with this specification, has been found to meet the requirements of this specification, and remains rem ains in con confor forman mance ce wit with h thi thiss spe specific cificatio ation n at time of  shipment. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished.

17. Keyw Keywords ords 17.1 sprin springs; gs; tempered; tempered; wire

SUMMARY OF CHANGES Committ Comm ittee ee A0 A01 1 ha hass id iden entifi tified ed th thee lo loca catio tion n of se selec lected ted ch chan ange gess to th this is st stan anda dard rd sin since ce th thee la last st iss issue ue (A229/A229M – 99R05) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 15, 2012.) (1)  Revised title. (2)  Reorder  Reordered ed units throu throughou ghoutt text. (3) Chan Changed ged “oil “oil-tem -temper pered” ed” to “que “quenche nched d and temp tempered ered”” throughout text. (4)   Removed obsolete referenced documents.

(5)   Made specification applicable to shaped wired as well as round wires. (6)  Revised Section 6.1. (7)  Changed heading to Section 11. (8)  Revised Sections 9, 13, and 15.1.

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