తెలుగు అక్షరమాల,Telugu Aksharamala

`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°=‚ ∂Å Telugu Alphabet

Telugu Learning Kit Module 1

C P Brown Academy The Alpha Foundation Hyderabad www.mohanpublications.com

Foreword -

The Module-1, “Telugu Varnamala”, is intended to help the Telugu . speakers, who cannot read/write Telugu, to pick up a reasonable level of linguistic competence, through Roman script. The symbols used in this book are intended to facilitate the transliteration template of the vowels, consonants, gunintamulu and the vowel-consonant clusters, i.e., vottulu. . The relationship of the Roman character with the Telugu letter and its pronunciation have been clearly explained with examples to aid phonetics. For instance, the symbol ‘a’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘J’ that sounds like ‘o’ as in the word ‘come’. Let us take another example. The symbol ‘c’ stands for the Telugu letter ‘K«’ that sounds like ‘ch’ as in the word ‘church’. The Module-1 is thus quite self-explanatory and is certain to help those who desire to learn Telugu through the medium of English. The workbook provided along with it is scientifically designed for practice to help the learners pickup reading and writing of Telugu, satisfactorily. We know that some of the alphabet and their sounds are difficult to pronounce and quite a few are not in popular use. They do not even matter in the acquisition of linguistic skills. However, we have included all the Telugu letters irrespective of their usage in order to introduce them all to the learners. Enjoy! SS Prabhakar Rao

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`≥Å∞QÆ∞ =~°‚=∂Å TELUGU ALPHABET Vowels (JK«∞Å Û ∞: Acculu) *

a–

a

far

u–

wood

.lu

i

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B come

u

–

i

.lu–

look

bit

– ru .

ru .

cool

.rusi.

root

e

e–

ai

get

loop

o–

o

feel

rotate

stake

au

oat

am .

mite

out

ah.

JO Jó some

half

* ‘a’ stands for ‘J’ and sounds like ‘o’ as in ‘come’. The same pattern applies to all other vowels.

4

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Consonants (ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞

:

Hallulu)

36 Characters *

k

g

kh

gh

Hõ Y QÆ Ñ¶¨∞ Î Î K« K« Kè« [ ~°≠ & @ ~î° _» _è» `« ^äŒ ^Œ ^èŒ khaki

silk

.c

c

.capa

church

.j

jhansi

th .

take .

t

tabala

nilakantha .

dh .

n.

dh

though

dhoti

} #

prana .

- asadha . .

bird

d

thumb

jug

~ sanjna

d.

th

j

~ n

jh

t.

prajna

.jabili

witch

V [

.

ghost

go

ch

. n

n

nature

* ‘k’ stands for ‘Hõ’ and sounds like ‘k’ as in ‘silk’. The same pattern applies to all other consonants.

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5

p

ph

b

bh

m

Ѩ Ѷ¨ | Éèí =∞ Ü«∞ ~° Å à◊ = â◊ +¨ ã¨ Ç¨Ï Hõ∆ é cup

phone

y

bat

r

young

v

bharat

l

l.

rust

s

s.

´sastry

levy

home

sun

ship

r.

ksh

h

-- kalimata .

lump

s´

month

error

raksha

Semi-Vowels or Semi-Consonants

( LÉèÜ í ∂« Hõ~∆ åÅ∞::

–

–

Ubhayaksharalu)

(ã¨∞#fl = O – Sunna) (J~°ã∞¨ #fl = ñ – Arasunna) (qã¨~æ° = ó - Visarga) Note: Five Telugu characters are not in general use.

Í Í They are 6

.lu .lu-

K« [ |∞∂ .c

.j

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ru .

JK«∞ÛÅ∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Vowels? –

a

a

come

far –

i

i

bit

feel –

u

u

wood

cool

ru .

.rusi .

– ru .

root www.mohanpublications.com

7

e

e

get

stake

ai

o

mite

rotate

o

au

oat

out am .

some ah.

half 8

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ǨÏÅ∞¡Å∞ U q^èOŒ QÍ „"åÜ«∂e? How to write Consonants? k

kh

silk

– khaki

g

gh

go

ghost . n

. prajna c

ch

church

witch

j

jh

jug

– jhansi ~ n

~ sanjna

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9

t.

th .

take

nilakantha .

d.

dh .

bird

– – asadha . .

–

n.

– prana .

th

t

tabala

thumb

d

dh

though

– dhoti

n

nature 10

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p

ph

cup

phone

b

bh

bat bharat m

month y

r

young

rust

l

l.

lump

– – kalimata .

v

s´

levy

´ sastry

–

–

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11

s.

ship s

sun h

home ksh

raksha

.r

error 12

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Symbols of Gunintamulu . Telugu Letter

Roman Character

J

a

P

– a

W

i

D

Symbol

How to write

– i

L

u

T

u–

|∞∞

ru .

|∞∂

ru

Z

e

U

e–

S

ai

X

o

F

– o

B

au

JO

am .

Jó

ah

–

.

.

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.

13

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ 'Hõ—

14

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) 'Y— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (kha-Gunintamu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ka-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

H± Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ Hõ

Mò Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Hõ HÍ H˜ H© ‰õΩ ‰õÄ Hõ$ Hõ$Ï ÔH ˆH ÔH· H˘ HÀ H“ HõO Hõó

–

ka

–

– ka

–

ki

–

– ki

–

ku

–

– ku

–

kru .

–

– kru .

–

ke

–

– ke

–

kai

–

ko

–

– ko

–

kau

–

kam .

–

kah.

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

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´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Y MÏ d v Y∞ Y∂

–

kha

–

– kha

–

khi

–

– khi

–

khu

–

– khu

Y$ –

khru .

Y$Ï Mˇ MË Mˇ· MÁ M’ M∫ YO Yó

–

– khru .

–

khe

–

– khe

–

khai

–

kho

–

– kho

–

khau

–

kham .

–

khah.

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

'QÆ—

(Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ga-Gunintamu) 'Ѷ∞¨ — QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (gha-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Q∑ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ QÆ

Ѷπ∞ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨ Ѷ∞¨

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

QÆ QÍ y w QÆ∞ QÆ∂ QÆ$ QÆ$Ï ÔQ ˆQ ÔQ· Q˘ QÀ Q“ QÆO QÆó

–

ga

–

– ga

–

gi

–

– gi

–

gu

–

– gu

– –

gru . – gru .

–

ge

–

– ge

–

gai

–

go

–

– go

–

gau

–

gam .

–

gah.

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

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´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Ѷ¨∞ – Ѷ∂¨ – Ѷ∞≤ – Ѷ∞‘ – Ñ¶Ú ¨ – Ѷ¸ ¨ – Ѷ∞¨ $ – Ѷ∞¨ $Ï – ÃѶ∞ – ¿Ñ¶∞ – ÃѶ∞ÿ – Ѷ∞¨ Á – Ѷ∞¨ ’ – Ѷ∞¨ ø – Ѷ∞¨ O – Ѷ∞¨ ó –

gha – gha ghi – ghi ghu – ghu ghru . – ghru . ghe – ghe ghai gho – gho ghau gham . ghah. 15

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ 'K«—

16

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ca-Gunintamu) 'Kè—« QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (cha-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Kü K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K« K«

Kèü Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè« Kè«

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

K« Kå z p K«∞ K«∂ K«$ K«$Ï K≥ KÕ K≥· K˘ KÀ KÒ K«O K«ó

–

ca

–

– ca

–

ci

–

– ci

–

cu

–

– cu

–

cru .

–

– cru .

–

ce

–

– ce

–

cai

–

co

–

– co

–

cau

–

cam .

–

cah.

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

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´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

Kè« Kèå zè pè Kè∞« Kè«∂ Kè$« Kè$« Ï Kè≥ KèÕ Kè·≥ Kè˘ KèÀ KèÒ KèO« Kè«ó

–

cha

–

– cha

–

chi

–

– chi

–

chu

–

– chu

–

chru .

–

– chru .

–

che

–

– che

–

chai

–

cho

–

– cho

–

chau

–

cham .

–

chah.

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu)

'[— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ja Gunintamu) .

'~°≠— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (jha Gunintamu) .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

*ò [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

[ *Ï l r A E [$ [$Ï *ˇ *Ë *ˇ· *Á *’ *∫ [O [ó

– –

jru .

–

je

–

– je

–

jai

–

jo

–

– jo

–

jau

–

jam .

~ü≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ { ~°≠ {

–

jah.

~°≠ { Jó ´ ~°≠ó –

–

ja

–

– ja

–

ji

–

ji

–

ju

–

– ju

–

– jru .

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J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

~°≠ – ~°≠Ï – i≠ – s≠ – ~°≠∞ – ~°≠∂– ~°≠$ – ~°≠$Ï– Ô~≠ – ˆ~≠ – ~Ô ≠ÿ – ~Ô ≠∞ – ~Ô ≠Ï – ~°≠ø – ~°≠O–

jha – jha jhi – jhi jhu – jhu jhru . – jhru . jhe – jhe jhai jho – jho jhau jham . jhah. 17

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

'@—

18

(Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) '~î°— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) . . . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

\ò @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

~îü ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î° ~î°

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

@ \Ï \˜ \© @∞ @∂ @$ @$Ï >ˇ >Ë >ˇÿ \Á \’ \∫ @O @ó

– – –

ta . – ta .

–

ti. – ti.

–

.tu

–

– .tu

– –

. .tru – . .tru

–

te .

–

– te .

–

tai .

– –

to . – to .

–

tau .

–

tam . .

–

tah . .

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

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´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

~î° ~îå iî sî ~î∞° ~î∂° ~î$° ~î$° Ï ~Ô î ~ˆ î ~Ô ·î ~î˘ ~îÀ ~î“ ~îO° ~î°ó

–

tha .

–

– tha .

– – –

thi . – thi .

–

thu . – thu .

–

thru . .

–

– thru . .

–

the .

–

– the .

–

thai .

–

tho .

–

– tho .

–

thau .

–

tham . .

–

thah . .

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

'_»—

(Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) '_è»— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) . . .

.

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

_£ _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _» _»

_è£ _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è» _è»

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

_» _® _ç _ô _»∞ _»∂ _»$ _»$Ï _≥ˇ _Õ _≥ÿ _˘ _À _Ò _»O _»ó

– – –

da . – da .

–

di . – di .

–

du .

–

– du .

–

dru ..

–

– dru ..

–

de .

–

– de .

–

dai .

–

do .

–

– do .

–

dau .

–

dam . .

–

dah . .

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

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´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

_è» _è® _èç _èô _è∞» _è∂» _è$» _è$» Ï _è≥ _èÕ _è·≥ _è˘ _èÀ _èÒ _èO» _è»ó

– – – – –

dha . – dha . dhi . – dhi .

–

dhu . – dhu .

–

dhru . .

–

– dhru . .

–

dhe .

–

– dhe .

–

dhai .

–

dho .

–

– dho .

–

dhau .

–

dham . .

–

dhah . . 19

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞

'}—

(Gunintamulu) . Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) '`«— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (ta-Gunintamu) . . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

}ü } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } 20

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

} – }Ï – }˜ – }© – }∞ – }∂ – }$ – }$Ï – }ˇ – }Ë – }ˇÿ – }˘ – }À – }∫ – }O – }ó –

na . – na . ni . – ni . nu . – nu . nru .. – nru .. ne . – ne . nai . no . – no . nau . nam . . nah . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

`ü `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `« `«

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J ´ P ´ W ´ D ´ L ´ T ´ |∞∞ ´ |∞∂ ´ Z ´ U ´ S ´ X ´ F ´ B ´ JO ´ Jó ´

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`« `å u f `«∞ `«∂ `«$ `«$Ï `≥ `Õ `≥· `˘ `À `Ò `«O `«ó

–

ta

–

– ta

–

ti

–

– ti

–

tu

–

– tu

–

tru .

–

– tru .

–

te

–

– te

–

tai

–

to

–

– to

–

tau

–

tam .

–

tah.

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ '^䌗

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (tha-Gunintamu) '^Œ— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (da-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^ä£ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ ^äŒ

^£ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ ^Œ

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO Jó

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^äŒ ^ä• kä nä ^ä∞Œ ^ä∂Œ ^ä$Œ ^ä$Œ Ï ^ä≥ ^äËÕ ^ä·≥ ^ä˘ ^äÀ ^äÒ ^äOŒ ^äŒó

–

tha

–

– tha

–

thi

–

– thi

–

thu

–

– thu

– –

thru .

–

the

–

– the

–

thai

–

tho

–

– tho

–

thau

–

tham .

–

thah.

– thru .

{ { { { { { { { { { { { { { {

J P W D L T |∞∞ |∞∂ Z U S X F B JO

´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´ ´

^Œ ^• k n ^Œ∞ ^Œ∂ ^Œ$ ^Œ$Ï ^≥ ^Õ ^≥· ^˘ ^À ^Ò ^ŒO

–

da

–

– da

–

di

–

– di

–

du

–

– du

–

dru .

–

– dru .

–

de

–

– de

–

dai

–

do

–

– do

–

dau

–

dam .

{ Jó ´ ^Œó –

dah.

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21

QÆ∞}˜O`«=ÚÅ∞ '^茗

22

(Gunintamulu) .

Consonants + Vowels (Hallulu + Acculu) QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (dha-Gunintamu) '#— QÆ∞}˜O`«=Ú (na-Gunintamu) . .

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

Consonant + Vowel = Composite Letter

^è£ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ ^èŒ