3 - Teoria Geral Dos Sistemas (TGS)

 

Sbstmofs Gmrmhcbfbs jm Fplbl à Jmcbsãl

 

Oftmrbfa Zmórbcl Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)

Tmsplhsævma pmal Clhtmþjl> Prle. Jr. Jr. Nlãl Aubz Sluzf S luzf Abof

Tmvbsãl Zmxtufa> Prlef. Os. Eætbof Eurafh

 

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS) (ZGS )

• Bhtrljuçãl • Zmlrbf jls Sbstmofs lu Zmlrbf Sbstîobc Sbstîobcff • Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Euhcblhfbs Ebo Ebo m Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ombl • Prlcmssl jm Zlofjf jm Jmcbsýms • Clhsbjmrfçýms Ebhfbs

LDNMZBUL JM FPTMHJB^FJL  Hmstf uhbjfjm, mstujfrmols ls clhcmbtls rmaftbvls à Zmlrbf Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS), mhvlavmhjl fs sufs cfrfctmrïstbcfs, cloplhmhtms,

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fodbmhtms m hïvmbs jm uo sbstmof. Fdlrjfrmols tfodâo, fs Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ebo m fs Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ombl m l Prlcmssl jm Zlofjf jm Jmcbsýms.

LTBMHZFÇÝMS Hmstf uhbjfjm, fdlrjfrmols trîs fssuhtls f ssuhtls qum mhvlavmo à Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS), bhcaubhjl fs sufs cfrfctmrïstbcfs, cloplhmhtms, fodbmhtms m hïvmbs jm uo sbstmof. Fdlrjfrmols tfodâo, fs Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ebo m fs Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ombl m l Prlcmssl jm Zlofjf Zlofjf jm Jmcbsýms. Fssbo f uhbjfjm mstæ mstruturfjf mo trîs tópbcls qum vãl hls gubfr mo hlssf jbscbpabhf. Sãl mams>   Zmlrbf

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  Ærmfs

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jls Sbstmofs lu Zmlrbf Sbstîobcf9

Euhcblhfbs Ebo m Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Euhcblhfbs Ombl9

  Prlcmssl

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jm Zlofjf jm Jmcbsýms.

F ftbvbjfjm rmeamxbvf bræ mxpalrfr l hïvma jm tmlrbzfçãl jm tljls vlcîs pfrf bhtrljuzbr ls clhcmbtls fcbof bjmhtbebcfjls. Zfodâo smrãl jbsplhbdbabzfjfs lutrfs bhjbcfçýms jm ambturfs hl mspfçl ‑oftmrbfa clopamomhtfr‟ m mo ‑jlcuomhtls jf jbscbpabhf‟ m fs rmemrîhcbfs dbdablgræebcfs utbabzfjfs pfrf mafdlrfçãl jmstf uhbjfjm. Jmstf ofhmbrf, jmsmnl f vlcî dlhs mstujls!

 

]HBJFJM

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)

Clhtmxtufabzfçãl Hmstf uhbjfjm, fdlrjfrmols trîs fssuhtls qum oubtl tmo sm efafjl m jbscutbjl hl ouhjl moprmsfrbfa. Sãl mams> à Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS), bhcaubhjl fs sufs cfrfctmrïstbcfs, cloplhmhtms, fodbmhtms m hïvmbs jm uo sbstmof9 fs Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ebo m fs jm Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs clhtmoplrähmf9 Zlofjf Jmcbsýms. FaâoOmbl jbssl,jfllrgfhbzfçãl gmstlr clhtmoplrähml jmvml smPrlcmssl utbabzfr jm jf oljmrhf Zmchlalgbf jf Bhelrofçãl (ZB), vbsfhjl f duscf jf vfhtfgmo clopmtbtbvf. Dlhs mstujls!

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Bhtrljuçãl Kluvm uof oujfhçf hl mstujl cbmhtïebcl. Fhtms prmjlobhfvf f mspmcbfabzfçãl, gmrfjf pmaf erfgomhtfçãl jfs cbîhcbfs, klnm vbols à bhtmgrfçãl jm cfopls jm mstujl, gmrfhjl l fpfrmcbomhtl jm hlvfs cbîhcbfs ouatbjbscbpabhfrms. F Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS) â tlofjf clol uo tljl m fpabcfjf fl mstujl jls j ls tljls. Plrtfhtl, l ‑oljmrhl mhelqum jls Sbstmofs‟ prlcurf jmsmhvlavmr> ·

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]of tâchbcf pfrf abjfr clo f grfhjm m clopamxf moprmsf9 ]o mhelqum sbhtâtbcl jl tljl, tljl, l qufa hãl pmrobtm f fhæabsm mo smpfrfjl jfs pfrtms jl tljl, mo vbrtujm jfs bhtrbcfjfs bhtmr-rmafçýms jfs pfrtms mhtrm sb m clo l tljl, fs qufbs hãl pljmo smr trftfjfs elrf jl clhtmxtl jl tljl9

  L mstujl jfs rmafçýms mhtrm ls mamomhtls cloplhmhtms, mo prmemrîhcbf fl mstu-

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jl jls mamomhtls mo sb, jmstfcfhjl-sm l prlcmssl m fs prldfdbabjfjms jm trfhsbçãl, mspmcbebcfjfs mo euhçãl jls smus frrfhnls mstruturfbs m jf suf jbhäobcf. Fssbo smhjl, mstf uhbjfjm prmtmhjm olstrfr f crbfçãl jf Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)tfodâo m sufs cfrfctmrïstbcfs, smusjmvm cloplhmhtms m fodbmhtms jls sbstmofs. Fdlrjfrmols clol f moprmsf smr vbstf clol uo sbstmof m utbabzfr l pmhsfomhtl sbstîobcl pfrf omaklrfr smus prlcmssls jm tlofjfs jm jmcbsýms.

Zmlrbf jls Sbstmofs lu Zmlrbf Sbstîobcf Ls trfdfakls jl dbóalgl fustrïfcl Ifra Aujwbg Ulh Dmrtfafheey (ebgurf 6) pudabcfjls hls fhls 62=0 m 625; jmrfo lrbgmo à Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs, f sfdmr>   ‑Zkm Zkmlry le Lpmh Systmos bh Pkysbcs fhj Dblalgy‟, 62=0.   ‑Gmhmrfa Systmos Zkmlry> F Hmw Fpprlfck tl ]hbty le Scbmhcm‟, bh Kuofh ·

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 Dblalgy

, jmz. /62=6.Zkmlry‟, bh Rmfrdlli le tkm Slcbmty elr Gmhmrfa Systmo   ‑Gmhmrfa Systmos

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 Tmsmfrck  Tmsmf rck, 62=5.   ‑Gmhmrfa Systmos Zkmlry‟, Hmw Rlri Rlri,

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625;.

Ebgurf 6 – Ifra Aujwbg Ulh Dmrtfafhffy Elhtm> Fjfptfjl jm tbomtlfst.clo 7 7

 

]HBJFJM

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)

F Zmlrbf Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS) prlplstf plr Dmrtfafheey pljm smr clhsbjmrfjf f tmlrbf jfs tmlrbfs, plbs pfrtm jm uo clhcmbtl fdstrftl jm sbstmofs mo duscf jm rmgrfs jm vfalrms mo gmrfa, fpabcævmbs f qufaqumr tbpl jm sbstmof mo værbfs ærmfs jl clhkmcbomhtl, tfbs clol> ·

Dblalgbf (sbstmof rmspbrftór rmspbrftórbl)9 bl)9

 

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Eïsbcf (sbstmof slafr)9

  Oftmoætbcf (sbstmof jm huomrfçãl).

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Pfrf Dmrtfafhffy (627=), ‑Sbstmof â uo clhnuhtl jm uhbjfjms rmcbprlcfomhtm rmafcblhfjfs. F cloprmmhsãl jfs prlprbmjfjms jls sbstmofs só pljm smr jmscrbtf fl mstujæ-al m stujæ-al galdfaomhtm, clo tljfs fs bhtmrjmpmhjîhcbfs jls smus sudsbstmofs‟. Hf Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs, mo vmz jm mstujfrols l tljl mo rmafçãl às sufs pfrtms, fs pfrtms clomçfo f smr mxpabcfjfs jm fclrjl clo l tljl.

       r        l          a        p        x          M

Fs prmobssfs clhsfgrfjfs jf Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS) sãl fs smgubhtms>

6. Ls sbstmofs mxbstmo jmhtrl jm sbstmofs. L elcl jl ldsmrvfjlr jmtmrobhf lpfrf hïvma jl sbstmof qum pfrf ldsmrvfjlr â supmr-sbstmof, lutrl â sbstmofldsmrvfjl. m fssbo plrLjbfhtm. Plr uo mxmopal> l clrpl kuofhl â uo supmr-sbstmof, jl qufa l fpfrmakl cfrjblvfscuafr â uo sbstmof m l clrfçãl uo sudsbstmof9 ofs l clrfçãl pljm smr vbstl clol uo supmr-sbstmof, jl qufa ls vmhtrïcuals sãl sbstmofs9 4. Ls sbstmofs sãl fdmrtls. Ls sbstmofs mstãl mo pmrofhmhtm bhtmrcäodbl clo lutrls sbstmofs. Ls sbstmofs tfhtl bheaumhcbfo clol rmcmdmo bheauîhcbf jl ombl lhjm mstãl bhsmrbjls9 3. Fs euhçýms jm uo sbstmof jmpmhjmo jm suf mstruturf. Bstl sbghbebcf qum ls mamomhtls jf mstruturf jm uo sbstmof akm jãl clhjbçýms jm ftufr. ftufr. Pfrf Jnfaof Labvmbrf (4066), ‑sbstmof â uo clhnuhtl jm pfrtms bhtmrfgmhtms m bhtmrjmpmhjmhtms qum, clhnuhtfomhtm, elrofo uo tljl uhbtærbl clo jmtmrobhfjl ldnmtbvl m memtufo uof jmtmrobhfjf euhçãl‟. L fodbmhtm, ls hïvmbs, fs cfrfctmrïstbcfs m ls cloplhmhtms jm uo sbstmof olstrfo clol l tljl â lrgfhbzfjl. Jmssf omsof elrof f moprmsf â vbstf clol uo sbstmof. Lutrl fspmctl f smr fdlrjfjl â l fodbmhtm fodbmhtm jl sbstmof, prbhcbpfaomhtm qufhjl l sbstmof clhsbjmrfjl â f próprbf moprmsf trftfjf clol uo tljl. Fodbmhtm â l clhnuhtl jm tljls ls eftlrms qum, jmhtrl jm uo abobtm mspmcïebcl, qum plssub faguof bheauîhcbf sldrm f lpmrfçãl jl sbstmof. Fodbmhtm â l clhnuhtl jm mamomhtls qum hãl pmrtmhcmo fl sbstmof, ofs, qufaqumr fatmrfçãl> ·

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Hl sbstmof pljm oujfr lu fatmrfr ls mamomhtls9

Hls mamomhtls pljm oujfr lu fatmrfr l sbstmof. Hl cfsl jm lclrrmr uof oujfhçf hl próprbl sbstmof lu hl smu fodbmhtm, l sbstmof plssub f kfdbabjfjm jm fjfptfçãl pfrf sm oljbebcfr lu oljbebcfr smu ;

 

fodbmhtm. Lu smnf, mam â cfpfz jm jfr uof rmsplstf bhtmrhf (jmhtrl jl sbstmof) lu mxtmrhf (hl smu fodbmhtm), pljmhjl rmsuatfr mo quftrl tbpls jm fjfptfçãl>   Fodbmhtm

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– Fodbmhtm> Lclrrm qufhjl uo sbstmof rmfgm f uof oujfhçf

fodbmhtfa, oljbebcfhjl l fodbmhtm9 ·

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 Fodbmhtm – Sbstmof> Lclrrm qufhjl uo sbstmof rmfgm f uof oujfhçf

fodbmhtfa m sm oljbebcf9 Sbstmof – Fodbmhtm> Lclrrm qufhjl uo sbstmof rmfgm f uof oujfhçf bhtmrhf, oljbebcfhjl l fodbmhtm9 Sbstmof – Sbstmof>  Lclrrm qufhjl uo sbstmof rmfgm f uof oujfhçf

bhtmrhf, oljbebcfhjl f sb omsol omsol.. Hmstm bhtmrcäodbl clhtïhul jm mhmrgbf (sfïjf / mhtrfjf) clo l fodbmhtm, l sbstmof duscf gfhkfr mebcbîhcbf, jmvmhjl ofhtmr clmrîhcbf clo ls ldnmtbvls f smrmo facfhçfjls. Hl mhtfhtl, mstf jbhäobcf hãl â klolgîhmf. F vmalcbjfjm m fs ofhmbrfs jm clol lclrrm à mhtrlpbf hls sbstmofs â jbemrmhcbfjf. L fodbmhtm â tfodâo ckfofjl jm ‑ombl fodbmhtm‟, ‑ombl mxtmrhl‟, mxtmr hl‟, ‑ombl‟ lu ‑mhtlrhl‟. Smguhjl Jnfaof Labvmbrf (4066), jmvmo smr clhsbjmrfjls, hl oïhbol, trîs hïvmbs hf kbmrfrqubf jm sbstmofs> ·

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Sbstmof> Â l qum sm mstæ mstujfhjl lu clhsbjmrfhjl9 Sudsbstmofs> Sãl fs pfrtms bjmhtbebcfjfs jm elrof mstruturfjf, mstruturfjf, qum bhtmgrfo

l sbstmof9 ·

Supmr-sbstmof lu Mclssbstmof> Â l tljl m l sbstmof â uo sudsbstmof jmam.

F ebgurf 4, f smgubr, olstrf faguhs mxmopals jm mamomhtls qum clopým l fodbmhtm jf moprmsf, sm l sbstmof elr clhsbjmrfjl. Jmstf elrof, sm faguo mamomhtl jl fodbmhtm sm fatmrfr, mam pljmræ fatmrfr l sbstmof. Jmssf elrof, sm faguof oujfhçf hl sbstmof lclrrmr mstf pljmræ fatmrfr uo lu ofbs mamomhtls jl fodbmhtm. Glvmrhl Fcblhbstfs

Clouhbjfjm Lpbhbãl Pþdabcf

Cabmhtms

Moprmsf

]hbvmrsbjfjms Sbhjbcftls

Elrhmcmjlrms Clafdlrfjlrms

Bhtmromjbærbls

 

Zmrcmbrbzfjls

Ebgurf 4 – Mamomhtls jl Fodbmhtm Moprmsf Elhtm> Mafdlrfjl pmal Clhtmujbstf

2 2

 

]HBJFJM

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)

F ebgurf 3, f smgubr, fprmsmhtf ls hïvmbs jl sbstmof, clhelrom jmebhbjl plr Labvmbrf (4066). Mclsbstmof Sbstmof

Sudsbstmof

Sudsbstmof

Ebgurf 3 – Hïvmbs jl Sbstmof Elhtm> Fjfptfjl jm Labvmbrf, 4066

Boplrtfhtm!

Boplrtfhtm!

Umnf l mxmopal f smgubr> •• Sbstmof>  Â f moprmsf9 Sudsbstmofs>  Sãl ls jmpfrtfomhtls qum clopýmo f moprmsf9 • Supmr-Sbstmof lu Mclssbstmof> Â l fodbmhtm m f moprmsf â uo sudsbstmof jmam. Hl mhtfhtl, fl oujfr l elcl jm fhæabsm> • Sbstmof> Â l jmpfrtfomhtl jmpfr tfomhtl sthfhcmbrl jf moprmsf • Sudsbstmofs> Sãl ls smtlrms qum clopýmo l jmpfrtfomhtl jmpfr tfomhtl sthfhcmbrl jf moprmsf, tfbs clol> clhtfs f pfgfr p fgfr m clhtfs f rmcmdmr rmcmdmr.. • Supmr-sbstmof lu Mclssbstmof> Â f moprmsf m l jmpfrtfomhtl sthfhcmbrl â uo sudsbstmof jmaf. Vufhtl à bhtmgrfçãl jl sbstmof clo l fodbmhtm, jmvmo smr clhsbjmrfjfs faguofs cfrfctmrïstbcfs jls sbstmofs, tfbs clol> ·

Galdfabsol lu Zltfabjfjm.  L sbstmof â uo tljl qum hãl pljm smr

sudjbvbjbjl smo f pmrjf jm sufs cfrfctmrïstbcfs mssmhcbfbs m, plrtfhtl, mam jmvm smr mstujfjl clol uo tljl9   Bhtmrjmpmhjîhcbf

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m Bhtmr-rmafçãl jm ldnmtls.  Mstfs bhtmr-rmafçýms pljmo

smr sbodbótbcfs, qufhjl fs pfrtms hãl pljmo euhcblhfr só, lu sbhmrgâtbcfs, qufhjl mxbstm uof fçãl clodbhfjf mhtrm fs pfrtms, jm oljl qum l rmsuatfjl jf suf fçãl sbouatähmf prljuz rmsuatfjls jbemrmhtms jfqumams qum smrbfo ldtbjls clo fs pfrtms pfr tms ftufhjl bhjmpmhjmhtmomhtm9 ·

Mhtrlpbf. Zmhjîhcbf hfturfa fl jmsgfstm, jmslrgfhbzfçãl, fprmsmhtfjf pmals

sbstmofs9 ·

Mhtrlpbf Hmgftbvf.  Prlcmssl rmftbvl jls sbstmofs pfrf jmtmr l prlcmssl

mhtrópbcl m sm lrgfhbzfrm lrgfhbzfrmo o pfrf f sldrmvbvîhcbf, ftrfvâs jm ofblr lrjmhfçãl. lrjmhfçãl.

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  Klomlstfsm. Zmhjîhcbf

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f uo mqubaïdrbl bhtmrhl m jbhäobcl mhtrm fs pfrtms jl sbstmof, efcm às oujfhçfs mxtmrhfs jl ombl fodbmhtm9 Prlpósbtl lu Ldnmtbvl. Z  Zljl ljl sbstmof tmo uo u o lu faguhs ldnmtbvls f facfhçfr. fa cfhçfr.

Ls sbstmofs sãl cloplstls plr> ·

Ldnmtbvls. Tmemrmo-sm tfhtl fls ldnmtbvls jls usuærbls jl sbstmof, qufhtl

fls jl próprbl sbstmof. L ldnmtbvl â f próprbf rfzãl jm mxbstîhcbf jl sbstmof, lu smnf, â f ebhfabjfjm pfrf f qufa l sbstmof elb crbfjl c rbfjl99 ·

Mhtrfjfs jl Sbstmof. Cunf euhçãl cfrfctmrbzf fs elrçfs qum elrhmcmo fl

sbstmof l oftmrbfa, f bhelrofçãl m f mhmrgbf pfrf f lpmrfçãl lu prlcmssl, l qufa gmrfræ jmtmrobhfjfs sfïjfs jl sbstmof qum jmvmo mstfr mo sbhtlhbf clo ls ldnmtbvls mstfdmamcbjls9 ·

Prlcmssl jm Zrfhselrofçãl jl Sbstmof. Â jmebhbjl clol f euhçãl qum

plssbdbabtf f trfhselrofçãl jm uo bhsuol (mhtrfjf) mo uo prljutl prljutl,, smrvbçl lu rmsuatfjl (sfïjf). Mstm prlcmssfjlr â f ofhmbrf pmaf qufa ls mamomhtls cloplhmhtms bhtmrfgmo hl smhtbjl jm prljuzbr fs sfïjfs jmsmnfjfs9   Sfïjfs

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jl Sbstmof.  Clrrmsplhjmo fls rmsuatfjls jl prlcmssl jm

trfhselrofçãl. Fs sfïjfs pljmo smr jmebhbjfs clol fs ebhfabjfjms pfrf fs qufbs sm uhbrfo ldnmtbvls, ftrbdutls m rmafçýms jl sbstmof. Fs sfïjfs jmvmo smr, plrtfhtl, clmrmhtms clo ls ldnmtbvls jl sbstmof9 m, tmhjl mo vbstf l prlcmssl jm clhtrlam m fvfabfçãl, fs sfïjfs jmvmo smr qufhtbebcævmbs, jm fclrjl clo crbtârbls m pfräomtrls p fräomtrls prmvbfomhtm prmvbfomhtm ebxfjls9 ·

Clhtrlams m Fvfabfçýms jl Sbstmof.  Pfrf vmrbebcfr sm fs sfïjfs mstãl

clmrmhtms clo ls ldnmtbvls mstfdmamcbjls. Pfrf rmfabzfr l clhtrlam m f fvfabfçãl jm ofhmbrf fjmqufjf, â hmcmssærbf uof omjbjf jl jmsmopmhkl jl sbstmof, ckfofjf pfjrãl9 ·

Tmtrlfabomhtfçãl, lu rmfabomhtfçãl, lu  emmjdfci jl sbstmof. Pljm smr

clhsbjmrfjl clol f rmbhtrljuçãl jm uof sfïjf sld f elrof jm bhelrofçãl bhelrofçãl..  F rmfabomhtfçãl rmfabomhtfçãl â uo prlcmssl jm clouhbcfçãl clouhbcfçãl qum rmfgm rmfgm f cfjf cfjf mhtrfjf mhtrfjf jm bhelrofçãl bhclrplrfhjl l rmsuatfjl jf ‑fçãl rmsplstf‟ jmsmhcfjmfjl plr ombl jm hlvf bhelrofçãl, f qufa femtfræ smu cloplrtfomhtl sudsmqumhtm, m fssbo sucmssbvfomhtm. Mssf rmfabomhtf rmfabomhtfçãl çãl â uo bhstruomhtl jm rmguafçãl rmtrlftbvf rmtrlftb vf lu jm clhtrlam mo qum fs bhelrofçýms rmfabomhtfjfs sãl rmsuatfjfs jfs jbvmrgîhcbfs vmrbebcfjfs mhtrm fs rmsplstfs jm uo sbstmof m ls pfräomtrls prmvbfomhtm mstfdmamcbjls. Plrtfhtl, l ldnmtbvl jl clhtrlam â rmjuzbr fs jbscrmpähcbfs fl oïhbol, dmo clol prlpbcbfr uof sbtufçãl mo qum mssm sbstmof sm tlrhf futlrrmguafjlr.

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]HBJFJM

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)

F ebgurf :, f smgubr, fprmsmhtf ls cloplhmhtms jl sbstmof, clhelrom jmebhbjl plr Labvmbrf (4066). Ldnmtbvls

Mhtrfjf

Prlcmssls jm Zrfhselrofçãl

Sfïjfs

Tmtrlfabomhtfçãl

Ebgurf : – Cloplhmhtms jl Sbstmof Elhtm> Fjfptfjl jm Labvmbrf, 4066

L mhelqum sbstîobcl jmtmrobhf qum uof moprmsf jmvm smr vbstf clol uo sbstmof, plbs, fssbo clol uo sbstmof, maf â elrofjf plr pfrtms qum só pljmo smr mhtmhjbjfs clol uo tljl, plssub ldnmtbvls, rmcmdm bheauîhcbf m bheaumhcbf l fodbmhtm, smhjl, plrtfhtl, uo sbstmof fdmrtl. Faâo jbssl, maf tfodâo plssub fs cfrfctmrïstbcfs jls sbstmofs m pljm smr mhtmhjbjf jm fclrjl clo ls cloplhmhtms jm uo sbstmof. Sm elr clhsbjmrfjl uo rmstfurfhtm efst-ellj clol mxmopal jm uof moprmsf clol sbstmof, smus cloplhmhtms pljmo smr jmscrbtls tfbs clol> ·

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Ldnmtbvls. Elrhmcmr rmembçýms ræpbjfs9 Mhtrfjfs jl Sbstmof. Zljf oftârbf-prbof, bhsuols m rmcursls hmcmssærbls

pfrf bhbcbfr l euhcblhfomhtl jl rmstfurfhtm (fabomhtls, euhcblhærbls, mspfçl eïsbcl, ofqubhærbl, oldbabærbl mtc.)9 ·

Prlcmssl jm Zrfhselrofçãl jl Sbstmof. Â l próprbl euhcblhfomhtl jl

rmstfurfhtm, clo vmhjfs m efdrbcfçãl jls fabomhtls9 ·

Sfïjfs jl Sbstmof. Â f clhcausãl jf mtfpf fhtmrblr, qufhjl l prljutl ebhfa

â mhtrmgum fl cabmhtm m f cloprf ebhfabzfjf9 ·

Clhtrlam m Fvfabfçãl jl Sbstmof.  Pljmræ smr embtf tfhtl pmal cabmhtm, qum

fvfabf l prljutl mhtrmgum, clol pmaf gmrîhcbf, fl fvfabfr sm ls ldnmtbvls jmebhbjls elrfo facfhçfjls9 ·

Tmtrlfabomhtfçãl lu Tmfabomhtfçãl lu  emmjdfci  jl Sbstmof.  Â f

rmsplstf jfjf, fpós l clhtrlam, pfrf rmtlrhfr fl bhïcbl jl prlcmssl. Sm l clhtrlam vmrbebcfr qum fs sfïjfs mstãl jm fclrjl clo l ldnmtbvl mstfdmamcbjl, mstfdmamcbjl, l prlcmssl pljm clhtbhufr jl omsol nmbtl, plbs mstæ sftbseftórbl. Hl mhtfhtl, sm f fvfabfçãl elr hmgftbvf, l emmjdfci sbhfabzfræ qum fagl jmvm smr fatmrfjl hf mhtrfjf.

64

 

L qum pmrobtm f uo sbstmof fdmrtl lrgfhbzfr-sm â f bhelrofçãl. Maf â f elhtm jm mhmrgbf hmcmssærbf pfrf l euhcblhfomhtl jm uo sbstmof qum f cfptf jl ombl, prlcmssfhjl mo smu bhtmrblr m abdmrfhjl hlvfomhtm h lvfomhtm f bhelrofçãl hmcmssærbf à suf lrgfhbzfçãl l rgfhbzfçãl.. M mstf â uof rmfabjfjm ftufa m qum sm bhtmhsbstcfræ fl alhgl jfs jâcfjfs. Fs moprmsfs (sbstmofs) qum hãl mstbvmrmo ftmhtfs fls prlcmssls jm oujfhçfs galdfbs mstãl efjfjfs à mhtrlpbf plsbtbvf (jmsfgrmgfçãl), fl mhvmakmcbomhtl m fl jmsfpfrmcbomhtl jmsfpfrmcbomhtl..

       r        l          a        p        x          M

Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ebo m Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ombl Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ebo Ofrimtbhg>  Bjmhtbebcfçãl jfs hmcmssbjfjms jm omrcfjl m à clalcfçãl jls

prljutls smrvbçls nuhtl Euhcblhfa mjm Ofrimtbhg > fls clhsuobjlrms. Prbhcbpfbs Ftbvbjfjms jf Ærmf   Prljutl>

·

jmsmhvlavbomhtl jls prljutls ftufbs9 afhçfomhtl jm hlvls prljutls9 mstujl jm omrcfjl omrcfjl99 elrof jm fprmsmhtfçãl9 modfafgmo9

  Jbstrbdubçãl>

·

mxpmjbçãl9 vmhjf jbrmtf9 vmhjf plr ftfcfjl9

  Prlolçãl>

·

oftmrbfa prlolcblhfa9 prlolçãl9 pudabcbjfjm9 prlpfgfhjf9 folstrf grætbs9

  Prmçls9 mstujls m fhæabsms9 mstruturf jm

·

prmçls, jmsclhtls m prfzls.

Prljuçãl> Zrfhsel  Zrfhselrofçãl rofçãl jfs oftârbfs-prbofs mo prljutls m smrvbçls f smrmo

clalcfjls hl omrcfjl. Prbhcbpfbs Ftbvbjfjms jf Ærmf Euhcblhfa jm Prljuçãl> ·

  Efdrbcfçãl>

prlcmssl prljutbvl9 prlgrfofçãl9 clhtrlam9   Vufabjfjm> prlgrfofçãl9 clhtrlam9

·

  Ofhutmhçãl> prmvmhtbvf m clrrmtbvf.

·

Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ombl  Fjobhbstrfçãl Ebhfhcmbrf> Pafhmnfomhtl, cfptfçãl, lrçfomhtfçãl m gmstãl

jls rmcursls ebhfhcmbrls, mhvlavmhjl tfodâo ls rmgbstrls clhtædmbs jfs lpmrfçýms rmfabzfjfs hfs moprmsfs. Prbhcbpfbs Ftbvbjfjms jf Ærmf Euhcblhfa jm Fjobhbstrfçãl Ebhfhcmbrf>   Pafhmnfomhtl

·

jm Tmcursls Ebhfhcmbrls> lrçfomhtls9 prlgrfofçãl jfs hmcmssbjfjms jm rmcursls ebhfhcmbrls9 prlnmçýms ebhfhcmbrfs9 fhæabsm jl omrcfjl ebhfhcmbrl9 63 63

 

]HBJFJM

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)

  Cfptfçãl

·

jm Tmcursls Ebhfhcmbrls> tïtuals9 moprâstbols m ebhfhcbfomhtls9 fjobhbstrfçãl jm clhtrftls jm moprâstbols m ebhfhcbfomhtls9

  Gmstãl

·

jm Tmcursls Jbsplhïvmbs> pfgfomhtls9 rmcmdbomhtls9 lpmrfçýms dfhcærbfs9 eauxl jm cfbxf9 fclopfhkfomhtl jl lrçfomhtl ebhfhcmbrl9 ebhfhcmbrl9

  Smgurls> fhæabsm jl omrcfjl smcurbtærbl9 clhtrftfçãl jm fpóabcms jm smgurls9

·

fjobhbstrfçãl jm fpóabcms9

  Clhtædba> clhtfdbabjfjm pftrbolhbfa9 clhtfdbabjfjm jm custls9 clhtfdbabjfjm gmrfa.

·

 Fjobhbstrfçãl jm Oftmrbfbs> Suprbomhtl jm oftmrbfbs, smrvbçls m mqubpfomhtls,

à hlroftbzfçãl, frofzmhfomhtl m olvbomhtfçãl jm oftmrbfbs m mqubpfomhtls jf moprmsf. Prbhcbpfbs Ftbvbjfjms jf Ærmf Euhcblhfa jm Fjobhbstrfçãl jm Oftmrbfbs> ·

Pafhmnfomhtl jm Oftmrbfbs m Mqubpfomhtls> prlgrfofçãl jfs hmcmssbjfjms jm oftmrbfbs m mqubpfomhtls9 fhæabsm jm mstlqums9 hlroftbzfçãl m pfjrlhbzfçãl99 lrçfomhtl jm cloprfs9 pfjrlhbzfçãl

  Fqubsbçýms>

·

smamçãl m cfjfstrfomhtl jm elrhmcmjlrms9 elrhmcmjlrms9 cloprfs jm oftmrbfbs m mqubpfomhtls9 clhtrftfçãl jm smrvbçls9

 

·

Gmstãl jm Oftmrbfbs bhspmçãl mm rmcmdbomhtl9 jm oftmrbfbs9 clhtrlamm Mqubpfomhtls> jm mstlqums9 jbstrbdubçãl frofzmhfgmoolvbomhtfçãl jls oftmrbfbs.  Fjobhbstrfçãl jm Tmcursls Kuofhls>  Ftmhjbomhtl jm rmcursls kuofhls

jf moprmsf, fl pafhmnfomhtl m gmstãl jmstm rmcursl, jl smu jmsmhvlavbomhtl, dmhmeïcbls, ldrbgfçýms slcbfbs, jmhtrm lutrfs. Prbhcbpfbs Ftbvbjfjms jf Ærmf Euhcblhfa jm Fjobhbstrfçãl jm Tmcursls Kuofhls> ·

Pafhmnfomhtl> prlgrfofçãl jfs hmcmssbjfjms jm pmsslfa9 fhæabsm jm omrcfjl Pafhmnfomhtl> jm trfdfakl9 pmsqubsf jm rmcursls kuofhls9 lrçfomhtl jm pmsslfa9

  Suprbomhtls

·

jl qufjrl> cfjfstrfomhtl jm cfhjbjftls f moprmgl9 rmcrutfomhtl9 rmcrutfomht l9 smamçãl, rmgbstrl rmgbstrl m cfjfstrfomhtl9 cfjfstrfom htl9 clhtrftfçãl jm oãl jm ldrf9

  Gmstãl

jm Tmcursls Kuofhls> olvbomhtfçãl jm pmsslfa9 cfrgls m sfaærbls9 clhtrlam jm pmsslfa9 rmafçýms clo ls sbhjbcftls9   Jmsmhvlavbomhtl jm Tmcursls Kuofhls> fvfabfçãl jm jmsmopmhkl9 fclopfhkfomhtl jm pmsslfa9 trmbhfomhtl9

·

·

  Pfgf Pfgfomhtls omhtls m Tmclakbomhtls> elakf jm pfgfomhtl9 mhcfrgls slcbfbs9 rmscbsýms

·

jm clhtrftls jm trfdfakl9 fuxïabls9   Dmhmeïcbls>

·

fssbstîhcbf oâjbcf9 moprâstbol m ebhfhcbfomhtls9 afzmr9 fssbstîhcbf slcbfa9

  Ldrbgfçýms

·

trfdfakbstfs.

6:

Slcbfbs> omjbcbhf jl trfdfakl9 smgurfhçf jl trfdfakl9 fçýms

 

Gmstãl Moprmsfrbfa> Pafhmnfomhtl moprmsfrbfa m fl jmsmhvlavbomhtl jm sbstmof

jm bhelrofçýms. Prbhcbpfbs Ftbvbjfjms jf Ærmf Euhcblhfa jm Gmstãl Moprmsfrbfa> ·

Pafhmnfomhtl m Clhtrlam Moprmsfrbfa> pafhmnfomhtl fclopfhkfomhtl jfs ftbvbjfjms jf moprmsf9 fujbtlrbf9

  Sbstmof

·

mstrftâgbcl9

jm Bhelrofçýms> pafhmnfomhtl jm sbstmofs jm bhelrofçýms9

jmsmhvlavbomhtl m ofhutmhçãl jm sbstmofs jm bhelrofçýms9 prlcmssfomhtl jm jfjls. Fs ærmfs euhcblhfbs ebo m ombl rmtrftfo uof cafssbebcfçãl qum pljm smr utbabzfjf pfrf qum plssfols cloprmmhjmr fs prbhcbpfbs ftbvbjfjms jmsmhvlavbjfs hfs moprmsfs. F elrof clol sãl fgrupfjfs mssfs ftbvbjfjms rmeamtmo hfs jbemrmhtms euhçýms mxbstmhtms hfs lrgfhbzfçýms. Plrtfhtl, mstfols mstujfhjl fs jbemrmhtms euhçýms, lu clhnuhtl jm ftbvbjfjms, prmsmhtms hfs lrgfhbzfçýms jm oljl gmrfa.

Prlcmssl jm Zlofjf jm Jmcbsýms Ftufaomhtm, tlofjf jm jmcbsãl hfssmr lrgfhbzfçýms uo prlcmssl sârbl m værbfs rmgrfs mf prlcmjbomhtls jmvmo amvfjls mo âclhtf pfrf hãloubtl tlofrols plsbcblhfomhtls qum vãl gmrfr prldamofs. Â hmcmssærbf f mspmcbebcfçãl jm pfpâbs, oâtljls, hlrofs qum euhjfomhtmo mssfs jmcbsýms mscafrmcmhjl l prlcmssfomhtl jf bhelrofçãl jbfhtm jm prldamofs clopamxls. Â hmcmssærbl fbhjf qum sm tmhkf tâchbcfs mebcbmhtms m clhebævmbs rmsuatfhtms jm mxpmrbîhcbfs prâvbfs m qum cllrjmhmo fçýms m rmsuatfjls mo tljfs fs msemrfs jfs lrgfhbzfçýms. L prlcmssl jmcbsórbl â uo omcfhbsol lrgfhbzfcblhfa pmal qufa sm prlcurf ftbhgbr jmtmrobhfjl mstfjl, â uo prlcmssl lhjm tmols værbfs fçýms jmstbhfjfs f gmrfr clhkmcbomhtl pfrf jmtmrobhfjfs euhçýms m ftbvbjfjms jls gmstlrms, â f rmsplstf lrgfhbzfcblhfa f uo jmtmrobhfjl prldamof. Pfrf fprleuhjfrols hl fssuhtl, prmcbsfols prbombrl, sfdmr uo plucl ofbs sldrm f tmlrbf jf jmcbsãl, qum â l mstujl jls mamomhtls jl prlcmssl jmcbsórbl, clouhs f tljfs fs jmcbsýms, m jmebhbçãl jm mstruturf jm fhæabsm jm sbtufçýms clopamxfs clhtmhjl huomrlsfs fatmrhftbvfs m clhsmquîhcbfs. Hmssm clhtmxtl, tmols jlbs tbpls jm jmcbsãl>

6. Jmcbsãl Prlgrfofjf> Fpabcævmbs f sbtufçýms ermqumhtms m pfssïvmbs jm clhtrlam rltbhmbrl ftrfvâs jm oâtljls lpmrfcblhfbs m hlrofs, qum pljmols cbtfr clol mxmopals, ls pmjbjls pmrbójbcls jm hlvls mstlqums. 4. Jmcbsãl Hãl Prlgrfofjf> Fpabcævmbs mo sbtufçýms jm jmcbsýms hlvfs m hãl mstruturfjfs> prlcmssls gmrfbs jm slauçãl jm prldamofs plr nuagfomhtl nuagfomhtl,, bhtubçãl m crbftbvbjfjm, lhjm cbtfols clol mxmopal f clhstruçãl jm hlvfs bhstfafçýms, cloprf jm hlvls mqubpfomhtls mtc.

6= 6=

 

]HBJFJM

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)

Smguhjl Ufamhtbo (4066), mxbstm faguhs oljmals jm tlofjf jm jmcbsãl hl prlcmssl jmcbsórbl> f Tfcblhfa, f Prlcmssufa, l Fhærqubcl m l Plaïtbcl. F Jmcbsãl Tfcblhfa â l ofbs sbstmoftbzfjl m mstruturfjl mhtrm tljls, plbs, prmssupým rmgrfs m prlcmjbomhtls prmjmebhbjls qum jmvmo smr smgubjls pfrf qum sm plssf ftbhgbr uo dlo rmsuatfjl. Fs qumstýms-ckfvm jl oljmal rfcblhfa sãl> qufa â l prldamof< Vufbs sãl fs fatmrhftbvfs< Vufbs sãl ls custls m vfhtfgmhs jm cfjf fatmrhftbvf< L qum jmvm smr ldsmrvfjl clol pfjrãl pfrf tlofr jmcbsýms mo sbtufçýms sbobafrms< Hmssm oljmal jm jmcbsãl f rfcblhfabjfjm â abobtfjf. F Jmcbsãl Prlcmssufa â l oljmal qum maucbjf fs efsms m ls cbcals qum sudsbjbfo fs ftbvbjfjms jmcbsórbfs, fpfrmhtmomhtm clopamxfs m jbhäobcfs. Fs qumstýms-ckfvms jmstm oljmal sãl> Vufbs sãl fs lrgfhbzfçýms lrgfhbzfçým s qum ftufo hmssm tbpl jm cbrcuhstähcbf< Vufbs fs rltbhfs m prlcmjbomhtls utbabzfjls usufaomhtm< Vufbs sãl fs bhelrofçýms jbsplhïvmbs< Vufbs sãl ls prlcmjbomhtls pfjrýms utbabzfjls hmssms cfsls< L Oljmal Prlcmssufa â oubtl pfrmcbjl clo l oljmal rfcblhfa, plrâo, uo eftlr qum jbemrm â f clhjbçãl jm eamxbdbabjfjm, pmrobtbhjl pmr obtbhjl qum ls gmstlrms rmfabzmo fnustms qufhjl hmcmssærbls. Hf Jmcbsãl Fhærqubcf, tfhtl ls ldnmtbvls qufhtl ls prlcmjbomhtls sãl fodïguls. Hãl kæ cafrmzf mo rmafçãl fls prldamofs m às jmcbsýms. Gmrf efatf jm mhtmhjbomhtl m bhsmgurfhçf mo smus clafdlrfjlrms. Hãl smgum hmhkuo tbpl jm mstruturf m/lu smquîhcbf, uof vmz qum â rmgbjl pmal fcfsl m pmaf slrtm. Hl Oljmal Fhærqubcl, fs jmcbsýms sãl tlofjfs jm trîs ofhmbrfs>

f) Tmslauçãl> â f tlofjf jm jmcbsãl qum lclrrm jmplbs jm sm pmhsfr sldrm l prldamof, plr jmtmrobhfjl tmopl9 d) Bhfjvmrtîhcbf> uof msclakf â fjltfjf ræpbjf m bhcbjmhtfaomhtm, pfrf lutrfs msclakfs smrmo embtfs9 c) Eugf> qufhjl hãl kæ rmslauçãl jl prldamof. L þatbol oljmal fprmsmhtfjl â l Oljmal Plaïtbcl, qum tmo hf plaïtbcf l omcfhbsol jm fplbl à jmcbsãl, lu smnf, ls ftlrms lcupfo jbemrmhtms plsbçýms m mxmrcmo jbemrmhtms grfus jm bheauîhcbf, jm oljl qum fs jmcbsýms hãl rmsuatfo mo uof msclakf rfcblhfa, ofs, fl clhtrærbl, rmsuatfo jf bheauîhcbf jls ftlrms. Fs qumstýms-ckfvm pfrf mstm oljmal sãl> qufbs sãl ls cfhfbs usfjls pfrf prljuzbr fçýms qum rmslavfo uo tbpl jm prldamof< Vumo sãl ls ftlrms m qufbs sufs plsbçýms< M qufbs sãl fs prmssýms qum mstãl bheaumhcbfhjl< Zljls ls oljmals jm tlofjf jm jmcbsãl jmpmhjmo jm bhelrofçýms pfrf jmebhbrmo m modfsfrmo sufs msclakfs. m sclakfs.

65

 

]o oljmal clhsbstm huof rmprmsmhtfçãl fdstrftf m sbopabebcfjf jm uo sbstmof rmfa, clo f qufa sm plssf mxpabcfr mx pabcfr m tmstfr l smu cloplrtfomhtl, mo suf tltfabjfjm lu mo pfrtms. Mo lutrfs pfafvrfs, sm trftf jm uo clhnuhtl jm prætbcfs fjltfjfs pfrf f rmfabzfçãl jm jmtmrobhfjls jm tmrobhfjls mvmhtls. ]of fdstrfçãl jmssfs prætbcfs qum sãl tmlrbzfjfs. (LABUMBTF, 4066) ]o oljmal â uof rmprmsmhtfçãl jm uo sbstmof rmfa, qum pljm næ mxbstbr lu smr uo prlnmtl fgufrjfhjl mxmcuçãl. Hl prbombrl cfsl, l oljmal prmtmhjm rmprljuzbr l euhcblhfomhtl jl sbstmof, jm oljl f fuomhtfr f uomhtfr suf prljutbvbjfjm. Hl smguhjl cfsl, l oljmal â utbabzfjl pfrf jmebhbr f mstruturf bjmfa jl sbstmof. F vfabjfçãl jl oljmal â f clhebrofçãl jm qum mam rmfaomhtm rmprmsmhtf l sbstmof rmfa. F jbemrmhçf mhtrm f slauçãl rmfa m f slauçãl prlplstf pmal oljmal jmpmhjm jbrmtfomhtm jf prmcbsãl jl oljmal mo jmscrmvmr l cloplrtfomhtl lrbgbhfa jl sbstmof. F ebgurf =, f smgubr, fprmsmhtf uo oljmal prlplstl jl Sbstmof jm Bhelrofçýms Gmrmhcbfbs (SBG). Tmsuatfjls

Fçýms

Jmcbsýms Clhtrlam m Fvfabfçãl Bhelrofçýms

Zrftfomhtl

Jfjls

Ebgurf = – > Oljmal Prlplstl jl Sbstmof jm Bhelrofçýms Gmrmhcbfbs Elhtm> Fjfptfjl jm Labvmbrf, 4066

Zljl mxmcutbvl, bhjmpmhjmhtmomhtm jl hïvma kbmrærqubcl, tlof jmcbsýms hf lrgfhbzfçãl9 plrtfhtl, sãl hmcmssærbls mamomhtls qum pmrobtfo>   Cfrfctmrbzfr

·

l prldamof qum mstæ mxbgbhjl uof lu ofbs jmcbsýms pfrf f suf

slauçãl9   Cloprmmhjmr l fodbmhtm qum cmrcf jfs

·

·

  Bjmhtbebcfr ls bopfctls qum mssfs

jmcbsýms.

jmcbsýms pljmrãl prlvlcfr pfrf f moprmsf.

67 67

 

]HBJFJM

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)

       r        l          a        p        x          M

F jmcbsãl clhsbstm hf msclakf mhtrm værbls cfobhkls fatmrhftbvls qum amvfo f jmtmrobhfjl rmsuatfjl.

Clhsbjmrfçýms Ebhfbs Hmstf uhbjfjm, bhtmrprmtfols f Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS), sufs cfrfctmrïstbcfs, cloplhmhtms, fodbmhtms m hïvmbs jm uo sbstmof. L clhtmþjl jmstf uhbjfjm elb fprmsmhtfjl mo trîs tópbcls> ·

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)9

  Ærmfs

·

Euhcblhfbs Ebo m Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Ærmfs Euhcblhfbs Euhcblhfbs Ombl9

  Prlcmssl

·

jm Zlofjf jm Jmcbsýms.

Hf próxbof uhbjfjm vmrmols hlvls clhcmbtls vlatfjls pfrf f gmstãl jls sbstmofs jm bhelrofçýms.

6;  

Oftmrbfa Clopamomhtfr Bhjbcfçýms pfrf sfdmr ofbs sldrm ls fssuhtls fdlrjfjls hmstf ]hbjfjm>   Abvrls Sbstmofs jm Bhelrofçãl DBL, Sârgbl. Sbstmofs jm Bhelrofçãl. Sãl Pfual> Ftafs, 6227. Bhtrljuçãl à Zmlrbf Gmrfa jf Fjobhbstrfçãl CKBFUMHFZL, Bjfadmrtl.  Bhtrljuçãl à Zmlrbf Gmrfa jf Fjobhbstrfçãl. Tbl jm

Nfhmbrl> Cfopus, 400

  Sbtms  SFP Drfsba

Sbtm Bhstbtucblhfa jf SFP Drfsba (uof jfs ofblrms moprmsfs jl ouhjl mo sbstmofs jm gmstãl. www.sfp.clo.dr Zltvs

Sbtm Bhstbtucblhfa jf Zltvs Zltvs (f ofblr moprmsf jm sbstmofs moprmsfrbfbs jl Drfsba). www.tltvs.clo.dr

62

62  

]HBJFJM

Zmlrbf Gmrfa jls Sbstmofs (ZGS)

Tmemrîhcbfs FTFÞNL, Auïs Câsfr G. Lrgfhbzfçãl, sbstmofs m oâtljls m fs tmchlalgbfs jm gmstãl lrgfhbzfcblhf lrgfhbzfcblhfaa. Sãl Pfual> Ftafs, 4066. DFAAMSZMTL-FAUFTM^, Ofrbf Msomrfajf. Ofhufa jm Lrgfhbzfçãl, Sbstmofs m Oâtljls. Sãl Pfual> Ftafs, 4007.

DF^MTOFH, Ofx K9 OLLTM, Jlh. Prlcmssl jmcbsórbl. 7. mj. Tbl jm Nfhmbrl> Masmvbmr, 4060. CT]^. Zfjmu. Sbstmofs, Lrgfhbzfçãl m Oâtljls> mstujl bhtmgrfjl jfs hlvfs tmchlalgbfs jm bhelrofçãl. Sãl Pfual> Ftafs, 4066. C]TR, Fhtúhbl. Lrgfhbzfçãl m oâtljls> uof vbsãl klaïstbcf. Sãl Pfual> Ftafs, 4060. KFAA, Tbckfrj K. Lrgfhbzfçýms> mstruturfs, prlcmssls m rmsuatfjls. Sãl Pfual> Pmfrslh, 400:. AF]JLH, Imhhmtk C9 AF]JLH, Nfhm P. Sbstmofs jm Bhelrofçýms Gmrmhcbfbs  . 2. mj. Sãl Pfual> Pmfrslh, 4066. OMAL, Bvl Slfrms.  Fjobhbstrfçãl jm sbstmofs jm bhelrofçãl. Sãl Pfual> Pblhmbrf, 4005. OBHZ^DMTG, Kmhry. Crbfhjl lrgfhbzfçýms mebcfzms. Sãl Pfual> Ftafs, 4066. L‒DTBMH, Nfoms F. Sbstmofs jm bhelrofçãl m fs jmcbsýms gmrmhcbfbs hf bhtmrhmt. 3. mj. Sãl Pfual> Sfrfbvf, 4066. LABUMBTF, Jnfaof jm Pbhkl Tmdluçfs. Sbstmofs jm bhelrofçãl gmrmhcbfa. Sãl Pfual> Ftafs, 4060. LABUMBTF, Jnfaof jm Pbhkl Tmdluçfs. Sbstmofs, lrgfhbzfçãl m oâtljls> uof fdlrjfgmo gmrmhcbfa. Sãl Pfual> Ftafs, 4066. SZFBT, Tfapk O. TMRHLAJS, SZFBT, TMRH LAJS, Gmlrgm Gmlr gm W. W. Prbhcïpbls jm sbstmofs jm bhelrofçãl. 2. mj. Sãl Pfual> Cmhgfgm Amfrhbhg, 4066. SZFTMC, Caæujbl9 GLOMS, Mabzfdmtk Drfz Pmrmbrf9 CKFUMS, Nlrgm Dmzmrrf Alpms. Gmstãl Mstrftâgbcf jf bhelrofçãl m f bhtmabgîhcbf clopmtbtbvf. Sãl Pfual> Sfrfbvf, 4066. Z]TDFH, Merfbo mt fa.  Fjobhbstrfçãl jm tmchlalgbf jf bhelrofçãl> tmlrbf m prætbcf. Tbl jm Nfhmbrl> Cfopus, 4003. UFAMHZBO, Ofrtf. Gmstãl, Omjbfçãl m ]sl jf Bhelrofçãl. Sãl Pfual> ]HM, 4066. WLOFCI, Nfoms mt Fa.  F Oæqubhf qum Oujlu l Ouhjl. 3ª Mjbçãl. Tbl jm Nfhmbrl> Cfopus, 622:.

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